{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Manuscripts+%28documents%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1929","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Manuscripts+%28documents%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1929\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":8,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_636","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Daisy Bacon Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_636#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_636#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, comprise the personal and professional papers, diaries, manuscripts, and photographs of Daisy Bacon, longtime editor of \u003cem\u003eLove Story Magazine\u003c/em\u003e. The papers of select immediate and extended family members are also included in this collection.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_636#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_636","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_636","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_636","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_636","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_636.xml","title_ssm":["Daisy Bacon Papers"],"title_tesim":["Daisy Bacon Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1857-before March 25, 1986"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1857-before March 25, 1986"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0304","/repositories/4/resources/636"],"text":["SC 0304","/repositories/4/resources/636","Daisy Bacon Papers","Women editors -- United States","Women authors","Women publishers -- United States","Romance fiction, American -- 20th century","Scrapbooks","Diaries","Photographs","Letters (correspondence)","Notes (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Printed Ephemera","Manuscripts (documents)","Financial Records","Receipts (financial records)","Telephone directories","Negatives (photographs)","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Original audiovisual materials contained in this collection are restricted from access. Reformatted access copies may be available, or media reformatting may be available upon request. Contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","The three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist.","The three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist. The digital files can be made available to researchers.","Photocopies of documents acquired by Laurie Powers for the purpose of writing Bacon's biography, many of which were facsimiles of collection material held at other repositories, were not retained.","The collection is arranged into five series:","Diaries and Journals, 1899-1982, is arranged by creator (Daisy Bacon, Jessie Bacon Ford, etc.) and item type (diaries, dream journals, etc.) which generally also follows a chronological arrangement. Scrapbooks and Ephemera, 1903-1976, is arranged chronologically. The scrapbooks of  Love Story  covers are grouped together which only slightly disrupts the chronological arrangement. Manuscripts and Publishing, 1929-1975, is arranged alphabetically according to manuscript title/folder title. Personal Papers and Correspondence, 1857-1975, is arranged chronologically. Photographs and Negatives, 1883-before March 25, 1986, is arranged chronologically.","Laurie Powers,  Queen of the Pulps: The Reign of Daisy Bacon and Love Story Magazine , Jefferson, NC: McFarland \u0026 Company, Inc. Publishers, 2019.","Daisy Sarah Bacon (1898-1986) was a writer and editor of Street \u0026 Smith's popular  Love Story Magazine  from 1928 to 1947. She was born in Union City, Pennsylvania to Jessie Holbrook Bacon (1870-1936) and Elmer Bacon (1864-1900). After her father's death on January 1, 1900, Daisy's mother married George Ford (1858-1907). Their daughter Esther Joa Ford (d. 1989) was born in 1906. Esther was Daisy's lifelong friend, confidante, associate, and colleague. The two frequently referred to each other by their respective surnames – Bacon and Ford. In July 1943, Esther married Clarke Robinson, an opera singer, WWI officer, and writer. For a time, Daisy was involved romantically with Henry Wise Miller, a stockbroker who was married to writer Alice Duer Miller. During much of her adulthood, Daisy battled depression, alcoholism, and made at least two suicide attempts.","Daisy began her career at Street \u0026 Smith in 1926 as the reader for the  Love Story  advice column. Just a few months later, she started writing short stories for the magazine. Daisy became the magazine's editor in 1928 and worked closely with her half-sister and editorial assistant Esther. At the height of its popularity,  Love Story 's weekly circulation reportedly reached 600,000. In addition to  Love Story  and other publications, Daisy edited  Real Love ,  Ainslee's Smart Love Stories ,  The Shadow ,  Pocket Love ,  Detective Story Magazine ,  Romantic Range , and  Doc Savage . The publication of  Love Story  ceased with its February 1947 issue though Daisy continued to work at Street \u0026 Smith on other pulp titles. Daisy was fired from Street \u0026 Smith in April 1949 when the company ended its publication of all pulp fiction magazines except  Astounding Stories . ","After leaving Street \u0026 Smith, Daisy moved from Manhattan to Port Washington, New York where she continued to write. In 1954, she published  Love Story Writer , an instruction manual on how to write romance stories. After regaining the copyright to  Love Story Writer  in 1963, Bacon established Gemini Books and republished the book as a paperback under the title  Love Story Editor . Her manuscript for \"Love Story Diary,\" a Street \u0026 Smith tell-all was never published and is not extant. Bacon also kept diaries and dream journals, and their contents often alluded to her personal struggles and complicated relationships.","Esther and Daisy's relationship was strained after they were let go from Street \u0026 Smith, but Esther moved in with Daisy after her husband Clarke's death in 1962 and the two became close again. Both Daisy and Esther were cat lovers and were frequently photographed with their feline companions. Daisy Bacon died March 25, 1986 in Port Washington.","Researchers are highly encouraged to review Laurie Powers's biography of Daisy Bacon titled  Queen of the Pulps: The Reign of Daisy Bacon and Love Story Magazine  (2019) as this biographical note is not intended to serve as a comprehensive account of Daisy Bacon's life and career.","Per Laurie Powers, either Daisy Bacon or Daisy's sister Esther gave the Haagensons Bacon's papers.","Laurie Powers, Daisy Bacon biographer, was actively referencing and using the materials in this collection prior to its transfer to Special Collections. Powers provided descriptions and date ranges for much of the material in this collection including diaries and journals. Powers also removed loose newspaper clippings, notes, and printed ephemera from diaries and arranged them according to date or subject in plastic sleeves. Said clippings and assorted ephemera have been foldered according to Powers' groupings. Any associated labels were retained and transferred to folders and sub-folders. Exceptions have been made for papers with more discrete research potential than newspaper clippings (e.g. correspondence, Daisy Bacon's cat's pedigree chart). ","Plastic covers were removed from three scrapbooks containing  Love Story  covers.","Non-archival plastic sleeves were removed from personal papers and correspondence.","The groupings of newspaper clippings are foldered and subfoldered according to their groupings when donated.","The three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist. ","The photograph groupings as arranged by Laurie Powers were largely retained. Exceptions include photographs used for Powers' biography that were separated based solely on their inclusion in  Queen of the Pulps . Most of these photographs were interfiled with other groupings. ","A portion of the photo negatives are cellulose nitrate, in deteriorating condition, and/or do not have photograph copies. As such, they are likely candidates for future reformatting. The negatives were removed from their paper envelopes and housed in acid-free sleeves in those same groupings. The envelopes are retained as examples of marketing and advertisement for photo development companies.","Street \u0026 Smith Records, Special Collections Research Center, Syracuse University Libraries","The Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, comprise the personal and professional papers, diaries, scrapbooks, printed ephemera, published and unpublished manuscripts, and photographs of Daisy Bacon, longtime editor of  Love Story Magazine . The papers of select family members are also represented in this collection and include Esther Joa Ford Robinson, Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, and Elmer Bacon.","Series 1: Diaries and Journals, 1899-1982, includes diaries kept by Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, Esther Joa Ford Robinson, and Daisy Bacon. Overall, the diary entries are typical in that they document weather, daily activities, visiting, and  illnesses. Jessie Bacon Ford's 1899 diary is unbound and comprises more than forty pages. In it Jessie writes about daily activities with frequent mentions of Daisy, who was an infant at the time. Jessie's diaries also include periodic mentions of having \"lonely days.\" Daisy chronicles her work on  Love Story Writier  and also frequently mentions dreams. Evidence of Daisy's alleged suicide attempts and overall mental health can be found in both Esther and Daisy's diary entries. A more detailed analysis of Daisy's mental health is discussed in Laurie Powers's  Queen of the Pulps . Apart from her diaries, Daisy also frequently chronicled her dreams and kept several journals in which she summarized them.","Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera, 1903-1976, comprises miscellaneous newspaper clippings, printed ephemera, published articles, and scrapbooks created and collected by Daisy Bacon, her sister Esther, and their mother Jessie. Some of the materials  document  Love Story  and Daisy's career as editor at Street \u0026 Smith. Many of the clippings were removed from diaries and organized by date and/or subject by Laurie Powers while writing  Queen of the Pulps . These groupings were retained and are organized within sub-folders in the larger folders of newspaper clippings. Scrapbooks of a more personal nature include poetry and astrological clippings.","Of interest are four scrapbooks containing  Love Story  covers between 1939 and 1947. Three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs contain a radio interview conducted by George Atmond with Daisy Bacon and Clarke Robinson on June 13, 1941 on WNYC, a public radio station in New York City. The scripted interview was part of a series titled \"The Writer and Your Life\" which proclaimed to create a better understanding between the audience and writers. An aluminum phonodisc is also included. It has not been reformatted and there is no corresponding label to indicate the nature of its contents.","Series 3: Manuscripts and Publishing, 1929-1975, comprises manuscript drafts written chiefly by Daisy Bacon, but also include writings and publications created by Clarke Robinson and Jessie Bacon Ford. Additionally, correspondence and documents related to publishing contracts, sales, and copyright are included. Bacon's \"Women Among Men\" was published in  The New York Woman , Volume 1, Number 7, October 21, 1936. More detailed summaries of Daisy's manuscripts can be found in Laurie Powers's  Queen of the Pulps .","News items, articles, and promotional material relating to Daisy Bacon,  Love Story , and Street \u0026 Smith can be found in Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera.","Series 4: Personal Papers and Correspondence, 1857-1975, comprises papers, documents, and personal correspondence largely unrelated to Daisy Bacon's work as the editor of  Love Story , though professional matters may be present in the materials in this series. Family papers include Elmer Bacon's divorce certificate with Carrie Thompson Bacon and his marriage certificate with Jessie Holbrook, letters of recommendation for George E. Ford, and a ledger for a mercantile or grocery that Elmer and Jessie Bacon operated in Westfield, New York.","Financial documents including Esther Robinson's check registers and receipts, legal documents concerning real estate, Daisy Bacon's passport, and a Certificate of Pedigree for Daisy's cat \"Collinsdale Janice\" are included.","Series 5: Photographs and Negatives, 1883-before March 25, 1986, primarily include Daisy Bacon, Henry Wise Miller, Esther Joa Ford Robinson, Clarke Robinson, Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, Elmer Bacon (post-mortem), and George Ford. Photographs include professional portraits, baby pictures, casual shots, and vacation destinations. Of interest is a photograph of Henry Wise Miller with Eleanor Roosevelt at a June 1940 dinner honoring those who worked for the Finnish Relief Fund. Daisy Bacon and Henry Wise Miller would freqently take photos of each other at the same location in a style described by Laurie Powers as \"twin photographs.\" Several examples of these pairs of photogaphs are included. Additonally, this series includes a group of photographs taken of Daisy Bacon by American photojournalist William Eugene Smith for an October 1942 article for Parade's Weekly. That issue and article can be found in Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera. Daisy Bacon and Esther Joa Ford Robinson were both cat enthusiasts. Many photographs feature the sisters with cats or cats on their own. The photographs are largely undated so in many cases folder date ranges are approximate.","The box of photo negatives have only been minimally reviewed and have not been digitized. A portion of the negatives are represented as photographs within this series. A date range was applied that corresponds to the earliest known photograph of Daisy Bacon (ca. 1899) and Daisy's death date (March 25, 1986).","Copyright is retained by the creator(s) and their heirs for materials they have authored or otherwise produced that reside in this collection. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, comprise the personal and professional papers, diaries, manuscripts, and photographs of Daisy Bacon, longtime editor of  Love Story Magazine . The papers of select immediate and extended family members are also included in this collection.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Belmont Stakes","Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986","Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0304","/repositories/4/resources/636"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Daisy Bacon Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Daisy Bacon Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Daisy Bacon Papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986","Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-"],"creator_ssim":["Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986","Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986","Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-"],"creators_ssim":["Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986","Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright is retained by the creator(s) and their heirs for materials they have authored or otherwise produced that reside in this collection. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Bill and Nora Haagenson, Daisy's neighbors in Port Washington, New York, donated the collection in December 2019. The collection was in the physical custody of Laurie Powers, Daisy Bacon's biographer and Staunton, Virginia resident, while she was writing  Queen of the Pulps: The Reign of Daisy Bacon and Love Story Magazine . Powers delivered the collection to Special Collections after the Haagensons signed a deed of gift transferring ownership to JMU."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women editors -- United States","Women authors","Women publishers -- United States","Romance fiction, American -- 20th century","Scrapbooks","Diaries","Photographs","Letters (correspondence)","Notes (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Printed Ephemera","Manuscripts (documents)","Financial Records","Receipts (financial records)","Telephone directories","Negatives (photographs)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women editors -- United States","Women authors","Women publishers -- United States","Romance fiction, American -- 20th century","Scrapbooks","Diaries","Photographs","Letters (correspondence)","Notes (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Printed Ephemera","Manuscripts (documents)","Financial Records","Receipts (financial records)","Telephone directories","Negatives (photographs)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.64 cubic feet 10 boxes","44.4 Megabytes 6 digital files"],"extent_tesim":["3.64 cubic feet 10 boxes","44.4 Megabytes 6 digital files"],"genreform_ssim":["Scrapbooks","Diaries","Photographs","Letters (correspondence)","Notes (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Printed Ephemera","Manuscripts (documents)","Financial Records","Receipts (financial records)","Telephone directories","Negatives (photographs)"],"date_range_isim":[1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOriginal audiovisual materials contained in this collection are restricted from access. Reformatted access copies may be available, or media reformatting may be available upon request. Contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Original audiovisual materials contained in this collection are restricted from access. Reformatted access copies may be available, or media reformatting may be available upon request. Contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist. The digital files can be made available to researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available","Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["The three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist.","The three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist. The digital files can be made available to researchers."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhotocopies of documents acquired by Laurie Powers for the purpose of writing Bacon's biography, many of which were facsimiles of collection material held at other repositories, were not retained.\u003c/p\u003e"],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal Note"],"appraisal_tesim":["Photocopies of documents acquired by Laurie Powers for the purpose of writing Bacon's biography, many of which were facsimiles of collection material held at other repositories, were not retained."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into five series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eDiaries and Journals, 1899-1982, is arranged by creator (Daisy Bacon, Jessie Bacon Ford, etc.) and item type (diaries, dream journals, etc.) which generally also follows a chronological arrangement.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eScrapbooks and Ephemera, 1903-1976, is arranged chronologically. The scrapbooks of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e covers are grouped together which only slightly disrupts the chronological arrangement.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eManuscripts and Publishing, 1929-1975, is arranged alphabetically according to manuscript title/folder title.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal Papers and Correspondence, 1857-1975, is arranged chronologically.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePhotographs and Negatives, 1883-before March 25, 1986, is arranged chronologically.\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into five series:","Diaries and Journals, 1899-1982, is arranged by creator (Daisy Bacon, Jessie Bacon Ford, etc.) and item type (diaries, dream journals, etc.) which generally also follows a chronological arrangement. Scrapbooks and Ephemera, 1903-1976, is arranged chronologically. The scrapbooks of  Love Story  covers are grouped together which only slightly disrupts the chronological arrangement. Manuscripts and Publishing, 1929-1975, is arranged alphabetically according to manuscript title/folder title. Personal Papers and Correspondence, 1857-1975, is arranged chronologically. Photographs and Negatives, 1883-before March 25, 1986, is arranged chronologically."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eLaurie Powers, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eQueen of the Pulps: The Reign of Daisy Bacon and Love Story Magazine\u003c/emph\u003e, Jefferson, NC: McFarland \u0026amp; Company, Inc. Publishers, 2019.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Laurie Powers,  Queen of the Pulps: The Reign of Daisy Bacon and Love Story Magazine , Jefferson, NC: McFarland \u0026 Company, Inc. Publishers, 2019."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDaisy Sarah Bacon (1898-1986) was a writer and editor of Street \u0026amp; Smith's popular \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story Magazine\u003c/emph\u003e from 1928 to 1947. She was born in Union City, Pennsylvania to Jessie Holbrook Bacon (1870-1936) and Elmer Bacon (1864-1900). After her father's death on January 1, 1900, Daisy's mother married George Ford (1858-1907). Their daughter Esther Joa Ford (d. 1989) was born in 1906. Esther was Daisy's lifelong friend, confidante, associate, and colleague. The two frequently referred to each other by their respective surnames – Bacon and Ford. In July 1943, Esther married Clarke Robinson, an opera singer, WWI officer, and writer. For a time, Daisy was involved romantically with Henry Wise Miller, a stockbroker who was married to writer Alice Duer Miller. During much of her adulthood, Daisy battled depression, alcoholism, and made at least two suicide attempts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDaisy began her career at Street \u0026amp; Smith in 1926 as the reader for the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e advice column. Just a few months later, she started writing short stories for the magazine. Daisy became the magazine's editor in 1928 and worked closely with her half-sister and editorial assistant Esther. At the height of its popularity, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e's weekly circulation reportedly reached 600,000. In addition to \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e and other publications, Daisy edited \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eReal Love\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAinslee's Smart Love Stories\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph\u003eThe Shadow\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePocket Love\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDetective Story Magazine\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRomantic Range\u003c/emph\u003e, and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDoc Savage\u003c/emph\u003e. The publication of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e ceased with its February 1947 issue though Daisy continued to work at Street \u0026amp; Smith on other pulp titles. Daisy was fired from Street \u0026amp; Smith in April 1949 when the company ended its publication of all pulp fiction magazines except \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAstounding Stories\u003c/emph\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter leaving Street \u0026amp; Smith, Daisy moved from Manhattan to Port Washington, New York where she continued to write. In 1954, she published \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story Writer\u003c/emph\u003e, an instruction manual on how to write romance stories. After regaining the copyright to \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story Writer\u003c/emph\u003e in 1963, Bacon established Gemini Books and republished the book as a paperback under the title \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story Editor\u003c/emph\u003e. Her manuscript for \"Love Story Diary,\" a Street \u0026amp; Smith tell-all was never published and is not extant. Bacon also kept diaries and dream journals, and their contents often alluded to her personal struggles and complicated relationships.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEsther and Daisy's relationship was strained after they were let go from Street \u0026amp; Smith, but Esther moved in with Daisy after her husband Clarke's death in 1962 and the two became close again. Both Daisy and Esther were cat lovers and were frequently photographed with their feline companions. Daisy Bacon died March 25, 1986 in Port Washington.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers are highly encouraged to review Laurie Powers's biography of Daisy Bacon titled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eQueen of the Pulps: The Reign of Daisy Bacon and Love Story Magazine\u003c/emph\u003e (2019) as this biographical note is not intended to serve as a comprehensive account of Daisy Bacon's life and career.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Daisy Sarah Bacon (1898-1986) was a writer and editor of Street \u0026 Smith's popular  Love Story Magazine  from 1928 to 1947. She was born in Union City, Pennsylvania to Jessie Holbrook Bacon (1870-1936) and Elmer Bacon (1864-1900). After her father's death on January 1, 1900, Daisy's mother married George Ford (1858-1907). Their daughter Esther Joa Ford (d. 1989) was born in 1906. Esther was Daisy's lifelong friend, confidante, associate, and colleague. The two frequently referred to each other by their respective surnames – Bacon and Ford. In July 1943, Esther married Clarke Robinson, an opera singer, WWI officer, and writer. For a time, Daisy was involved romantically with Henry Wise Miller, a stockbroker who was married to writer Alice Duer Miller. During much of her adulthood, Daisy battled depression, alcoholism, and made at least two suicide attempts.","Daisy began her career at Street \u0026 Smith in 1926 as the reader for the  Love Story  advice column. Just a few months later, she started writing short stories for the magazine. Daisy became the magazine's editor in 1928 and worked closely with her half-sister and editorial assistant Esther. At the height of its popularity,  Love Story 's weekly circulation reportedly reached 600,000. In addition to  Love Story  and other publications, Daisy edited  Real Love ,  Ainslee's Smart Love Stories ,  The Shadow ,  Pocket Love ,  Detective Story Magazine ,  Romantic Range , and  Doc Savage . The publication of  Love Story  ceased with its February 1947 issue though Daisy continued to work at Street \u0026 Smith on other pulp titles. Daisy was fired from Street \u0026 Smith in April 1949 when the company ended its publication of all pulp fiction magazines except  Astounding Stories . ","After leaving Street \u0026 Smith, Daisy moved from Manhattan to Port Washington, New York where she continued to write. In 1954, she published  Love Story Writer , an instruction manual on how to write romance stories. After regaining the copyright to  Love Story Writer  in 1963, Bacon established Gemini Books and republished the book as a paperback under the title  Love Story Editor . Her manuscript for \"Love Story Diary,\" a Street \u0026 Smith tell-all was never published and is not extant. Bacon also kept diaries and dream journals, and their contents often alluded to her personal struggles and complicated relationships.","Esther and Daisy's relationship was strained after they were let go from Street \u0026 Smith, but Esther moved in with Daisy after her husband Clarke's death in 1962 and the two became close again. Both Daisy and Esther were cat lovers and were frequently photographed with their feline companions. Daisy Bacon died March 25, 1986 in Port Washington.","Researchers are highly encouraged to review Laurie Powers's biography of Daisy Bacon titled  Queen of the Pulps: The Reign of Daisy Bacon and Love Story Magazine  (2019) as this biographical note is not intended to serve as a comprehensive account of Daisy Bacon's life and career."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePer Laurie Powers, either Daisy Bacon or Daisy's sister Esther gave the Haagensons Bacon's papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["Per Laurie Powers, either Daisy Bacon or Daisy's sister Esther gave the Haagensons Bacon's papers."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, SC 0304, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, SC 0304, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLaurie Powers, Daisy Bacon biographer, was actively referencing and using the materials in this collection prior to its transfer to Special Collections. Powers provided descriptions and date ranges for much of the material in this collection including diaries and journals. Powers also removed loose newspaper clippings, notes, and printed ephemera from diaries and arranged them according to date or subject in plastic sleeves. Said clippings and assorted ephemera have been foldered according to Powers' groupings. Any associated labels were retained and transferred to folders and sub-folders. Exceptions have been made for papers with more discrete research potential than newspaper clippings (e.g. correspondence, Daisy Bacon's cat's pedigree chart). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlastic covers were removed from three scrapbooks containing \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e covers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNon-archival plastic sleeves were removed from personal papers and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe groupings of newspaper clippings are foldered and subfoldered according to their groupings when donated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe photograph groupings as arranged by Laurie Powers were largely retained. Exceptions include photographs used for Powers' biography that were separated based solely on their inclusion in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eQueen of the Pulps\u003c/emph\u003e. Most of these photographs were interfiled with other groupings. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA portion of the photo negatives are cellulose nitrate, in deteriorating condition, and/or do not have photograph copies. As such, they are likely candidates for future reformatting. The negatives were removed from their paper envelopes and housed in acid-free sleeves in those same groupings. The envelopes are retained as examples of marketing and advertisement for photo development companies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Laurie Powers, Daisy Bacon biographer, was actively referencing and using the materials in this collection prior to its transfer to Special Collections. Powers provided descriptions and date ranges for much of the material in this collection including diaries and journals. Powers also removed loose newspaper clippings, notes, and printed ephemera from diaries and arranged them according to date or subject in plastic sleeves. Said clippings and assorted ephemera have been foldered according to Powers' groupings. Any associated labels were retained and transferred to folders and sub-folders. Exceptions have been made for papers with more discrete research potential than newspaper clippings (e.g. correspondence, Daisy Bacon's cat's pedigree chart). ","Plastic covers were removed from three scrapbooks containing  Love Story  covers.","Non-archival plastic sleeves were removed from personal papers and correspondence.","The groupings of newspaper clippings are foldered and subfoldered according to their groupings when donated.","The three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist. ","The photograph groupings as arranged by Laurie Powers were largely retained. Exceptions include photographs used for Powers' biography that were separated based solely on their inclusion in  Queen of the Pulps . Most of these photographs were interfiled with other groupings. ","A portion of the photo negatives are cellulose nitrate, in deteriorating condition, and/or do not have photograph copies. As such, they are likely candidates for future reformatting. The negatives were removed from their paper envelopes and housed in acid-free sleeves in those same groupings. The envelopes are retained as examples of marketing and advertisement for photo development companies."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStreet \u0026amp; Smith Records, Special Collections Research Center, Syracuse University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Street \u0026 Smith Records, Special Collections Research Center, Syracuse University Libraries"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, comprise the personal and professional papers, diaries, scrapbooks, printed ephemera, published and unpublished manuscripts, and photographs of Daisy Bacon, longtime editor of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story Magazine\u003c/emph\u003e. The papers of select family members are also represented in this collection and include Esther Joa Ford Robinson, Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, and Elmer Bacon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Diaries and Journals, 1899-1982, includes diaries kept by Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, Esther Joa Ford Robinson, and Daisy Bacon. Overall, the diary entries are typical in that they document weather, daily activities, visiting, and  illnesses. Jessie Bacon Ford's 1899 diary is unbound and comprises more than forty pages. In it Jessie writes about daily activities with frequent mentions of Daisy, who was an infant at the time. Jessie's diaries also include periodic mentions of having \"lonely days.\" Daisy chronicles her work on \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story Writier\u003c/emph\u003e and also frequently mentions dreams. Evidence of Daisy's alleged suicide attempts and overall mental health can be found in both Esther and Daisy's diary entries. A more detailed analysis of Daisy's mental health is discussed in Laurie Powers's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eQueen of the Pulps\u003c/emph\u003e. Apart from her diaries, Daisy also frequently chronicled her dreams and kept several journals in which she summarized them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera, 1903-1976, comprises miscellaneous newspaper clippings, printed ephemera, published articles, and scrapbooks created and collected by Daisy Bacon, her sister Esther, and their mother Jessie. Some of the materials  document \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e and Daisy's career as editor at Street \u0026amp; Smith. Many of the clippings were removed from diaries and organized by date and/or subject by Laurie Powers while writing \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eQueen of the Pulps\u003c/emph\u003e. These groupings were retained and are organized within sub-folders in the larger folders of newspaper clippings. Scrapbooks of a more personal nature include poetry and astrological clippings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf interest are four scrapbooks containing \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e covers between 1939 and 1947. Three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs contain a radio interview conducted by George Atmond with Daisy Bacon and Clarke Robinson on June 13, 1941 on WNYC, a public radio station in New York City. The scripted interview was part of a series titled \"The Writer and Your Life\" which proclaimed to create a better understanding between the audience and writers. An aluminum phonodisc is also included. It has not been reformatted and there is no corresponding label to indicate the nature of its contents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Manuscripts and Publishing, 1929-1975, comprises manuscript drafts written chiefly by Daisy Bacon, but also include writings and publications created by Clarke Robinson and Jessie Bacon Ford. Additionally, correspondence and documents related to publishing contracts, sales, and copyright are included. Bacon's \"Women Among Men\" was published in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe New York Woman\u003c/emph\u003e, Volume 1, Number 7, October 21, 1936. More detailed summaries of Daisy's manuscripts can be found in Laurie Powers's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eQueen of the Pulps\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNews items, articles, and promotional material relating to Daisy Bacon, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e, and Street \u0026amp; Smith can be found in Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Personal Papers and Correspondence, 1857-1975, comprises papers, documents, and personal correspondence largely unrelated to Daisy Bacon's work as the editor of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e, though professional matters may be present in the materials in this series. Family papers include Elmer Bacon's divorce certificate with Carrie Thompson Bacon and his marriage certificate with Jessie Holbrook, letters of recommendation for George E. Ford, and a ledger for a mercantile or grocery that Elmer and Jessie Bacon operated in Westfield, New York.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFinancial documents including Esther Robinson's check registers and receipts, legal documents concerning real estate, Daisy Bacon's passport, and a Certificate of Pedigree for Daisy's cat \"Collinsdale Janice\" are included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Photographs and Negatives, 1883-before March 25, 1986, primarily include Daisy Bacon, Henry Wise Miller, Esther Joa Ford Robinson, Clarke Robinson, Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, Elmer Bacon (post-mortem), and George Ford. Photographs include professional portraits, baby pictures, casual shots, and vacation destinations. Of interest is a photograph of Henry Wise Miller with Eleanor Roosevelt at a June 1940 dinner honoring those who worked for the Finnish Relief Fund. Daisy Bacon and Henry Wise Miller would freqently take photos of each other at the same location in a style described by Laurie Powers as \"twin photographs.\" Several examples of these pairs of photogaphs are included. Additonally, this series includes a group of photographs taken of Daisy Bacon by American photojournalist William Eugene Smith for an October 1942 article for Parade's Weekly. That issue and article can be found in Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera. Daisy Bacon and Esther Joa Ford Robinson were both cat enthusiasts. Many photographs feature the sisters with cats or cats on their own. The photographs are largely undated so in many cases folder date ranges are approximate.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe box of photo negatives have only been minimally reviewed and have not been digitized. A portion of the negatives are represented as photographs within this series. A date range was applied that corresponds to the earliest known photograph of Daisy Bacon (ca. 1899) and Daisy's death date (March 25, 1986).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, comprise the personal and professional papers, diaries, scrapbooks, printed ephemera, published and unpublished manuscripts, and photographs of Daisy Bacon, longtime editor of  Love Story Magazine . The papers of select family members are also represented in this collection and include Esther Joa Ford Robinson, Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, and Elmer Bacon.","Series 1: Diaries and Journals, 1899-1982, includes diaries kept by Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, Esther Joa Ford Robinson, and Daisy Bacon. Overall, the diary entries are typical in that they document weather, daily activities, visiting, and  illnesses. Jessie Bacon Ford's 1899 diary is unbound and comprises more than forty pages. In it Jessie writes about daily activities with frequent mentions of Daisy, who was an infant at the time. Jessie's diaries also include periodic mentions of having \"lonely days.\" Daisy chronicles her work on  Love Story Writier  and also frequently mentions dreams. Evidence of Daisy's alleged suicide attempts and overall mental health can be found in both Esther and Daisy's diary entries. A more detailed analysis of Daisy's mental health is discussed in Laurie Powers's  Queen of the Pulps . Apart from her diaries, Daisy also frequently chronicled her dreams and kept several journals in which she summarized them.","Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera, 1903-1976, comprises miscellaneous newspaper clippings, printed ephemera, published articles, and scrapbooks created and collected by Daisy Bacon, her sister Esther, and their mother Jessie. Some of the materials  document  Love Story  and Daisy's career as editor at Street \u0026 Smith. Many of the clippings were removed from diaries and organized by date and/or subject by Laurie Powers while writing  Queen of the Pulps . These groupings were retained and are organized within sub-folders in the larger folders of newspaper clippings. Scrapbooks of a more personal nature include poetry and astrological clippings.","Of interest are four scrapbooks containing  Love Story  covers between 1939 and 1947. Three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs contain a radio interview conducted by George Atmond with Daisy Bacon and Clarke Robinson on June 13, 1941 on WNYC, a public radio station in New York City. The scripted interview was part of a series titled \"The Writer and Your Life\" which proclaimed to create a better understanding between the audience and writers. An aluminum phonodisc is also included. It has not been reformatted and there is no corresponding label to indicate the nature of its contents.","Series 3: Manuscripts and Publishing, 1929-1975, comprises manuscript drafts written chiefly by Daisy Bacon, but also include writings and publications created by Clarke Robinson and Jessie Bacon Ford. Additionally, correspondence and documents related to publishing contracts, sales, and copyright are included. Bacon's \"Women Among Men\" was published in  The New York Woman , Volume 1, Number 7, October 21, 1936. More detailed summaries of Daisy's manuscripts can be found in Laurie Powers's  Queen of the Pulps .","News items, articles, and promotional material relating to Daisy Bacon,  Love Story , and Street \u0026 Smith can be found in Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera.","Series 4: Personal Papers and Correspondence, 1857-1975, comprises papers, documents, and personal correspondence largely unrelated to Daisy Bacon's work as the editor of  Love Story , though professional matters may be present in the materials in this series. Family papers include Elmer Bacon's divorce certificate with Carrie Thompson Bacon and his marriage certificate with Jessie Holbrook, letters of recommendation for George E. Ford, and a ledger for a mercantile or grocery that Elmer and Jessie Bacon operated in Westfield, New York.","Financial documents including Esther Robinson's check registers and receipts, legal documents concerning real estate, Daisy Bacon's passport, and a Certificate of Pedigree for Daisy's cat \"Collinsdale Janice\" are included.","Series 5: Photographs and Negatives, 1883-before March 25, 1986, primarily include Daisy Bacon, Henry Wise Miller, Esther Joa Ford Robinson, Clarke Robinson, Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, Elmer Bacon (post-mortem), and George Ford. Photographs include professional portraits, baby pictures, casual shots, and vacation destinations. Of interest is a photograph of Henry Wise Miller with Eleanor Roosevelt at a June 1940 dinner honoring those who worked for the Finnish Relief Fund. Daisy Bacon and Henry Wise Miller would freqently take photos of each other at the same location in a style described by Laurie Powers as \"twin photographs.\" Several examples of these pairs of photogaphs are included. Additonally, this series includes a group of photographs taken of Daisy Bacon by American photojournalist William Eugene Smith for an October 1942 article for Parade's Weekly. That issue and article can be found in Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera. Daisy Bacon and Esther Joa Ford Robinson were both cat enthusiasts. Many photographs feature the sisters with cats or cats on their own. The photographs are largely undated so in many cases folder date ranges are approximate.","The box of photo negatives have only been minimally reviewed and have not been digitized. A portion of the negatives are represented as photographs within this series. A date range was applied that corresponds to the earliest known photograph of Daisy Bacon (ca. 1899) and Daisy's death date (March 25, 1986)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright is retained by the creator(s) and their heirs for materials they have authored or otherwise produced that reside in this collection. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright is retained by the creator(s) and their heirs for materials they have authored or otherwise produced that reside in this collection. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_cb7f7f07da2c2707ee74d46d25a929d9\"\u003eThe Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, comprise the personal and professional papers, diaries, manuscripts, and photographs of Daisy Bacon, longtime editor of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story Magazine\u003c/emph\u003e. The papers of select immediate and extended family members are also included in this collection.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, comprise the personal and professional papers, diaries, manuscripts, and photographs of Daisy Bacon, longtime editor of  Love Story Magazine . The papers of select immediate and extended family members are also included in this collection."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Belmont Stakes","Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986","Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Belmont Stakes"],"names_coll_ssim":["Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-","Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986"],"persname_ssim":["Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986","Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":117,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:20:27.499Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_636","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_636","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_636","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_636","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_636.xml","title_ssm":["Daisy Bacon Papers"],"title_tesim":["Daisy Bacon Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1857-before March 25, 1986"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1857-before March 25, 1986"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0304","/repositories/4/resources/636"],"text":["SC 0304","/repositories/4/resources/636","Daisy Bacon Papers","Women editors -- United States","Women authors","Women publishers -- United States","Romance fiction, American -- 20th century","Scrapbooks","Diaries","Photographs","Letters (correspondence)","Notes (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Printed Ephemera","Manuscripts (documents)","Financial Records","Receipts (financial records)","Telephone directories","Negatives (photographs)","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Original audiovisual materials contained in this collection are restricted from access. Reformatted access copies may be available, or media reformatting may be available upon request. Contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","The three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist.","The three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist. The digital files can be made available to researchers.","Photocopies of documents acquired by Laurie Powers for the purpose of writing Bacon's biography, many of which were facsimiles of collection material held at other repositories, were not retained.","The collection is arranged into five series:","Diaries and Journals, 1899-1982, is arranged by creator (Daisy Bacon, Jessie Bacon Ford, etc.) and item type (diaries, dream journals, etc.) which generally also follows a chronological arrangement. Scrapbooks and Ephemera, 1903-1976, is arranged chronologically. The scrapbooks of  Love Story  covers are grouped together which only slightly disrupts the chronological arrangement. Manuscripts and Publishing, 1929-1975, is arranged alphabetically according to manuscript title/folder title. Personal Papers and Correspondence, 1857-1975, is arranged chronologically. Photographs and Negatives, 1883-before March 25, 1986, is arranged chronologically.","Laurie Powers,  Queen of the Pulps: The Reign of Daisy Bacon and Love Story Magazine , Jefferson, NC: McFarland \u0026 Company, Inc. Publishers, 2019.","Daisy Sarah Bacon (1898-1986) was a writer and editor of Street \u0026 Smith's popular  Love Story Magazine  from 1928 to 1947. She was born in Union City, Pennsylvania to Jessie Holbrook Bacon (1870-1936) and Elmer Bacon (1864-1900). After her father's death on January 1, 1900, Daisy's mother married George Ford (1858-1907). Their daughter Esther Joa Ford (d. 1989) was born in 1906. Esther was Daisy's lifelong friend, confidante, associate, and colleague. The two frequently referred to each other by their respective surnames – Bacon and Ford. In July 1943, Esther married Clarke Robinson, an opera singer, WWI officer, and writer. For a time, Daisy was involved romantically with Henry Wise Miller, a stockbroker who was married to writer Alice Duer Miller. During much of her adulthood, Daisy battled depression, alcoholism, and made at least two suicide attempts.","Daisy began her career at Street \u0026 Smith in 1926 as the reader for the  Love Story  advice column. Just a few months later, she started writing short stories for the magazine. Daisy became the magazine's editor in 1928 and worked closely with her half-sister and editorial assistant Esther. At the height of its popularity,  Love Story 's weekly circulation reportedly reached 600,000. In addition to  Love Story  and other publications, Daisy edited  Real Love ,  Ainslee's Smart Love Stories ,  The Shadow ,  Pocket Love ,  Detective Story Magazine ,  Romantic Range , and  Doc Savage . The publication of  Love Story  ceased with its February 1947 issue though Daisy continued to work at Street \u0026 Smith on other pulp titles. Daisy was fired from Street \u0026 Smith in April 1949 when the company ended its publication of all pulp fiction magazines except  Astounding Stories . ","After leaving Street \u0026 Smith, Daisy moved from Manhattan to Port Washington, New York where she continued to write. In 1954, she published  Love Story Writer , an instruction manual on how to write romance stories. After regaining the copyright to  Love Story Writer  in 1963, Bacon established Gemini Books and republished the book as a paperback under the title  Love Story Editor . Her manuscript for \"Love Story Diary,\" a Street \u0026 Smith tell-all was never published and is not extant. Bacon also kept diaries and dream journals, and their contents often alluded to her personal struggles and complicated relationships.","Esther and Daisy's relationship was strained after they were let go from Street \u0026 Smith, but Esther moved in with Daisy after her husband Clarke's death in 1962 and the two became close again. Both Daisy and Esther were cat lovers and were frequently photographed with their feline companions. Daisy Bacon died March 25, 1986 in Port Washington.","Researchers are highly encouraged to review Laurie Powers's biography of Daisy Bacon titled  Queen of the Pulps: The Reign of Daisy Bacon and Love Story Magazine  (2019) as this biographical note is not intended to serve as a comprehensive account of Daisy Bacon's life and career.","Per Laurie Powers, either Daisy Bacon or Daisy's sister Esther gave the Haagensons Bacon's papers.","Laurie Powers, Daisy Bacon biographer, was actively referencing and using the materials in this collection prior to its transfer to Special Collections. Powers provided descriptions and date ranges for much of the material in this collection including diaries and journals. Powers also removed loose newspaper clippings, notes, and printed ephemera from diaries and arranged them according to date or subject in plastic sleeves. Said clippings and assorted ephemera have been foldered according to Powers' groupings. Any associated labels were retained and transferred to folders and sub-folders. Exceptions have been made for papers with more discrete research potential than newspaper clippings (e.g. correspondence, Daisy Bacon's cat's pedigree chart). ","Plastic covers were removed from three scrapbooks containing  Love Story  covers.","Non-archival plastic sleeves were removed from personal papers and correspondence.","The groupings of newspaper clippings are foldered and subfoldered according to their groupings when donated.","The three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist. ","The photograph groupings as arranged by Laurie Powers were largely retained. Exceptions include photographs used for Powers' biography that were separated based solely on their inclusion in  Queen of the Pulps . Most of these photographs were interfiled with other groupings. ","A portion of the photo negatives are cellulose nitrate, in deteriorating condition, and/or do not have photograph copies. As such, they are likely candidates for future reformatting. The negatives were removed from their paper envelopes and housed in acid-free sleeves in those same groupings. The envelopes are retained as examples of marketing and advertisement for photo development companies.","Street \u0026 Smith Records, Special Collections Research Center, Syracuse University Libraries","The Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, comprise the personal and professional papers, diaries, scrapbooks, printed ephemera, published and unpublished manuscripts, and photographs of Daisy Bacon, longtime editor of  Love Story Magazine . The papers of select family members are also represented in this collection and include Esther Joa Ford Robinson, Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, and Elmer Bacon.","Series 1: Diaries and Journals, 1899-1982, includes diaries kept by Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, Esther Joa Ford Robinson, and Daisy Bacon. Overall, the diary entries are typical in that they document weather, daily activities, visiting, and  illnesses. Jessie Bacon Ford's 1899 diary is unbound and comprises more than forty pages. In it Jessie writes about daily activities with frequent mentions of Daisy, who was an infant at the time. Jessie's diaries also include periodic mentions of having \"lonely days.\" Daisy chronicles her work on  Love Story Writier  and also frequently mentions dreams. Evidence of Daisy's alleged suicide attempts and overall mental health can be found in both Esther and Daisy's diary entries. A more detailed analysis of Daisy's mental health is discussed in Laurie Powers's  Queen of the Pulps . Apart from her diaries, Daisy also frequently chronicled her dreams and kept several journals in which she summarized them.","Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera, 1903-1976, comprises miscellaneous newspaper clippings, printed ephemera, published articles, and scrapbooks created and collected by Daisy Bacon, her sister Esther, and their mother Jessie. Some of the materials  document  Love Story  and Daisy's career as editor at Street \u0026 Smith. Many of the clippings were removed from diaries and organized by date and/or subject by Laurie Powers while writing  Queen of the Pulps . These groupings were retained and are organized within sub-folders in the larger folders of newspaper clippings. Scrapbooks of a more personal nature include poetry and astrological clippings.","Of interest are four scrapbooks containing  Love Story  covers between 1939 and 1947. Three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs contain a radio interview conducted by George Atmond with Daisy Bacon and Clarke Robinson on June 13, 1941 on WNYC, a public radio station in New York City. The scripted interview was part of a series titled \"The Writer and Your Life\" which proclaimed to create a better understanding between the audience and writers. An aluminum phonodisc is also included. It has not been reformatted and there is no corresponding label to indicate the nature of its contents.","Series 3: Manuscripts and Publishing, 1929-1975, comprises manuscript drafts written chiefly by Daisy Bacon, but also include writings and publications created by Clarke Robinson and Jessie Bacon Ford. Additionally, correspondence and documents related to publishing contracts, sales, and copyright are included. Bacon's \"Women Among Men\" was published in  The New York Woman , Volume 1, Number 7, October 21, 1936. More detailed summaries of Daisy's manuscripts can be found in Laurie Powers's  Queen of the Pulps .","News items, articles, and promotional material relating to Daisy Bacon,  Love Story , and Street \u0026 Smith can be found in Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera.","Series 4: Personal Papers and Correspondence, 1857-1975, comprises papers, documents, and personal correspondence largely unrelated to Daisy Bacon's work as the editor of  Love Story , though professional matters may be present in the materials in this series. Family papers include Elmer Bacon's divorce certificate with Carrie Thompson Bacon and his marriage certificate with Jessie Holbrook, letters of recommendation for George E. Ford, and a ledger for a mercantile or grocery that Elmer and Jessie Bacon operated in Westfield, New York.","Financial documents including Esther Robinson's check registers and receipts, legal documents concerning real estate, Daisy Bacon's passport, and a Certificate of Pedigree for Daisy's cat \"Collinsdale Janice\" are included.","Series 5: Photographs and Negatives, 1883-before March 25, 1986, primarily include Daisy Bacon, Henry Wise Miller, Esther Joa Ford Robinson, Clarke Robinson, Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, Elmer Bacon (post-mortem), and George Ford. Photographs include professional portraits, baby pictures, casual shots, and vacation destinations. Of interest is a photograph of Henry Wise Miller with Eleanor Roosevelt at a June 1940 dinner honoring those who worked for the Finnish Relief Fund. Daisy Bacon and Henry Wise Miller would freqently take photos of each other at the same location in a style described by Laurie Powers as \"twin photographs.\" Several examples of these pairs of photogaphs are included. Additonally, this series includes a group of photographs taken of Daisy Bacon by American photojournalist William Eugene Smith for an October 1942 article for Parade's Weekly. That issue and article can be found in Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera. Daisy Bacon and Esther Joa Ford Robinson were both cat enthusiasts. Many photographs feature the sisters with cats or cats on their own. The photographs are largely undated so in many cases folder date ranges are approximate.","The box of photo negatives have only been minimally reviewed and have not been digitized. A portion of the negatives are represented as photographs within this series. A date range was applied that corresponds to the earliest known photograph of Daisy Bacon (ca. 1899) and Daisy's death date (March 25, 1986).","Copyright is retained by the creator(s) and their heirs for materials they have authored or otherwise produced that reside in this collection. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, comprise the personal and professional papers, diaries, manuscripts, and photographs of Daisy Bacon, longtime editor of  Love Story Magazine . The papers of select immediate and extended family members are also included in this collection.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Belmont Stakes","Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986","Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0304","/repositories/4/resources/636"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Daisy Bacon Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Daisy Bacon Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Daisy Bacon Papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986","Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-"],"creator_ssim":["Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986","Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986","Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-"],"creators_ssim":["Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986","Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright is retained by the creator(s) and their heirs for materials they have authored or otherwise produced that reside in this collection. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Bill and Nora Haagenson, Daisy's neighbors in Port Washington, New York, donated the collection in December 2019. The collection was in the physical custody of Laurie Powers, Daisy Bacon's biographer and Staunton, Virginia resident, while she was writing  Queen of the Pulps: The Reign of Daisy Bacon and Love Story Magazine . Powers delivered the collection to Special Collections after the Haagensons signed a deed of gift transferring ownership to JMU."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women editors -- United States","Women authors","Women publishers -- United States","Romance fiction, American -- 20th century","Scrapbooks","Diaries","Photographs","Letters (correspondence)","Notes (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Printed Ephemera","Manuscripts (documents)","Financial Records","Receipts (financial records)","Telephone directories","Negatives (photographs)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women editors -- United States","Women authors","Women publishers -- United States","Romance fiction, American -- 20th century","Scrapbooks","Diaries","Photographs","Letters (correspondence)","Notes (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Printed Ephemera","Manuscripts (documents)","Financial Records","Receipts (financial records)","Telephone directories","Negatives (photographs)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.64 cubic feet 10 boxes","44.4 Megabytes 6 digital files"],"extent_tesim":["3.64 cubic feet 10 boxes","44.4 Megabytes 6 digital files"],"genreform_ssim":["Scrapbooks","Diaries","Photographs","Letters (correspondence)","Notes (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Printed Ephemera","Manuscripts (documents)","Financial Records","Receipts (financial records)","Telephone directories","Negatives (photographs)"],"date_range_isim":[1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOriginal audiovisual materials contained in this collection are restricted from access. Reformatted access copies may be available, or media reformatting may be available upon request. Contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Original audiovisual materials contained in this collection are restricted from access. Reformatted access copies may be available, or media reformatting may be available upon request. Contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist. The digital files can be made available to researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available","Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["The three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist.","The three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist. The digital files can be made available to researchers."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhotocopies of documents acquired by Laurie Powers for the purpose of writing Bacon's biography, many of which were facsimiles of collection material held at other repositories, were not retained.\u003c/p\u003e"],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal Note"],"appraisal_tesim":["Photocopies of documents acquired by Laurie Powers for the purpose of writing Bacon's biography, many of which were facsimiles of collection material held at other repositories, were not retained."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into five series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eDiaries and Journals, 1899-1982, is arranged by creator (Daisy Bacon, Jessie Bacon Ford, etc.) and item type (diaries, dream journals, etc.) which generally also follows a chronological arrangement.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eScrapbooks and Ephemera, 1903-1976, is arranged chronologically. The scrapbooks of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e covers are grouped together which only slightly disrupts the chronological arrangement.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eManuscripts and Publishing, 1929-1975, is arranged alphabetically according to manuscript title/folder title.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal Papers and Correspondence, 1857-1975, is arranged chronologically.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePhotographs and Negatives, 1883-before March 25, 1986, is arranged chronologically.\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into five series:","Diaries and Journals, 1899-1982, is arranged by creator (Daisy Bacon, Jessie Bacon Ford, etc.) and item type (diaries, dream journals, etc.) which generally also follows a chronological arrangement. Scrapbooks and Ephemera, 1903-1976, is arranged chronologically. The scrapbooks of  Love Story  covers are grouped together which only slightly disrupts the chronological arrangement. Manuscripts and Publishing, 1929-1975, is arranged alphabetically according to manuscript title/folder title. Personal Papers and Correspondence, 1857-1975, is arranged chronologically. Photographs and Negatives, 1883-before March 25, 1986, is arranged chronologically."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eLaurie Powers, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eQueen of the Pulps: The Reign of Daisy Bacon and Love Story Magazine\u003c/emph\u003e, Jefferson, NC: McFarland \u0026amp; Company, Inc. Publishers, 2019.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Laurie Powers,  Queen of the Pulps: The Reign of Daisy Bacon and Love Story Magazine , Jefferson, NC: McFarland \u0026 Company, Inc. Publishers, 2019."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDaisy Sarah Bacon (1898-1986) was a writer and editor of Street \u0026amp; Smith's popular \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story Magazine\u003c/emph\u003e from 1928 to 1947. She was born in Union City, Pennsylvania to Jessie Holbrook Bacon (1870-1936) and Elmer Bacon (1864-1900). After her father's death on January 1, 1900, Daisy's mother married George Ford (1858-1907). Their daughter Esther Joa Ford (d. 1989) was born in 1906. Esther was Daisy's lifelong friend, confidante, associate, and colleague. The two frequently referred to each other by their respective surnames – Bacon and Ford. In July 1943, Esther married Clarke Robinson, an opera singer, WWI officer, and writer. For a time, Daisy was involved romantically with Henry Wise Miller, a stockbroker who was married to writer Alice Duer Miller. During much of her adulthood, Daisy battled depression, alcoholism, and made at least two suicide attempts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDaisy began her career at Street \u0026amp; Smith in 1926 as the reader for the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e advice column. Just a few months later, she started writing short stories for the magazine. Daisy became the magazine's editor in 1928 and worked closely with her half-sister and editorial assistant Esther. At the height of its popularity, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e's weekly circulation reportedly reached 600,000. In addition to \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e and other publications, Daisy edited \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eReal Love\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAinslee's Smart Love Stories\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph\u003eThe Shadow\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePocket Love\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDetective Story Magazine\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRomantic Range\u003c/emph\u003e, and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDoc Savage\u003c/emph\u003e. The publication of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e ceased with its February 1947 issue though Daisy continued to work at Street \u0026amp; Smith on other pulp titles. Daisy was fired from Street \u0026amp; Smith in April 1949 when the company ended its publication of all pulp fiction magazines except \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAstounding Stories\u003c/emph\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter leaving Street \u0026amp; Smith, Daisy moved from Manhattan to Port Washington, New York where she continued to write. In 1954, she published \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story Writer\u003c/emph\u003e, an instruction manual on how to write romance stories. After regaining the copyright to \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story Writer\u003c/emph\u003e in 1963, Bacon established Gemini Books and republished the book as a paperback under the title \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story Editor\u003c/emph\u003e. Her manuscript for \"Love Story Diary,\" a Street \u0026amp; Smith tell-all was never published and is not extant. Bacon also kept diaries and dream journals, and their contents often alluded to her personal struggles and complicated relationships.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEsther and Daisy's relationship was strained after they were let go from Street \u0026amp; Smith, but Esther moved in with Daisy after her husband Clarke's death in 1962 and the two became close again. Both Daisy and Esther were cat lovers and were frequently photographed with their feline companions. Daisy Bacon died March 25, 1986 in Port Washington.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers are highly encouraged to review Laurie Powers's biography of Daisy Bacon titled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eQueen of the Pulps: The Reign of Daisy Bacon and Love Story Magazine\u003c/emph\u003e (2019) as this biographical note is not intended to serve as a comprehensive account of Daisy Bacon's life and career.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Daisy Sarah Bacon (1898-1986) was a writer and editor of Street \u0026 Smith's popular  Love Story Magazine  from 1928 to 1947. She was born in Union City, Pennsylvania to Jessie Holbrook Bacon (1870-1936) and Elmer Bacon (1864-1900). After her father's death on January 1, 1900, Daisy's mother married George Ford (1858-1907). Their daughter Esther Joa Ford (d. 1989) was born in 1906. Esther was Daisy's lifelong friend, confidante, associate, and colleague. The two frequently referred to each other by their respective surnames – Bacon and Ford. In July 1943, Esther married Clarke Robinson, an opera singer, WWI officer, and writer. For a time, Daisy was involved romantically with Henry Wise Miller, a stockbroker who was married to writer Alice Duer Miller. During much of her adulthood, Daisy battled depression, alcoholism, and made at least two suicide attempts.","Daisy began her career at Street \u0026 Smith in 1926 as the reader for the  Love Story  advice column. Just a few months later, she started writing short stories for the magazine. Daisy became the magazine's editor in 1928 and worked closely with her half-sister and editorial assistant Esther. At the height of its popularity,  Love Story 's weekly circulation reportedly reached 600,000. In addition to  Love Story  and other publications, Daisy edited  Real Love ,  Ainslee's Smart Love Stories ,  The Shadow ,  Pocket Love ,  Detective Story Magazine ,  Romantic Range , and  Doc Savage . The publication of  Love Story  ceased with its February 1947 issue though Daisy continued to work at Street \u0026 Smith on other pulp titles. Daisy was fired from Street \u0026 Smith in April 1949 when the company ended its publication of all pulp fiction magazines except  Astounding Stories . ","After leaving Street \u0026 Smith, Daisy moved from Manhattan to Port Washington, New York where she continued to write. In 1954, she published  Love Story Writer , an instruction manual on how to write romance stories. After regaining the copyright to  Love Story Writer  in 1963, Bacon established Gemini Books and republished the book as a paperback under the title  Love Story Editor . Her manuscript for \"Love Story Diary,\" a Street \u0026 Smith tell-all was never published and is not extant. Bacon also kept diaries and dream journals, and their contents often alluded to her personal struggles and complicated relationships.","Esther and Daisy's relationship was strained after they were let go from Street \u0026 Smith, but Esther moved in with Daisy after her husband Clarke's death in 1962 and the two became close again. Both Daisy and Esther were cat lovers and were frequently photographed with their feline companions. Daisy Bacon died March 25, 1986 in Port Washington.","Researchers are highly encouraged to review Laurie Powers's biography of Daisy Bacon titled  Queen of the Pulps: The Reign of Daisy Bacon and Love Story Magazine  (2019) as this biographical note is not intended to serve as a comprehensive account of Daisy Bacon's life and career."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePer Laurie Powers, either Daisy Bacon or Daisy's sister Esther gave the Haagensons Bacon's papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["Per Laurie Powers, either Daisy Bacon or Daisy's sister Esther gave the Haagensons Bacon's papers."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, SC 0304, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, SC 0304, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLaurie Powers, Daisy Bacon biographer, was actively referencing and using the materials in this collection prior to its transfer to Special Collections. Powers provided descriptions and date ranges for much of the material in this collection including diaries and journals. Powers also removed loose newspaper clippings, notes, and printed ephemera from diaries and arranged them according to date or subject in plastic sleeves. Said clippings and assorted ephemera have been foldered according to Powers' groupings. Any associated labels were retained and transferred to folders and sub-folders. Exceptions have been made for papers with more discrete research potential than newspaper clippings (e.g. correspondence, Daisy Bacon's cat's pedigree chart). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlastic covers were removed from three scrapbooks containing \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e covers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNon-archival plastic sleeves were removed from personal papers and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe groupings of newspaper clippings are foldered and subfoldered according to their groupings when donated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe photograph groupings as arranged by Laurie Powers were largely retained. Exceptions include photographs used for Powers' biography that were separated based solely on their inclusion in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eQueen of the Pulps\u003c/emph\u003e. Most of these photographs were interfiled with other groupings. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA portion of the photo negatives are cellulose nitrate, in deteriorating condition, and/or do not have photograph copies. As such, they are likely candidates for future reformatting. The negatives were removed from their paper envelopes and housed in acid-free sleeves in those same groupings. The envelopes are retained as examples of marketing and advertisement for photo development companies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Laurie Powers, Daisy Bacon biographer, was actively referencing and using the materials in this collection prior to its transfer to Special Collections. Powers provided descriptions and date ranges for much of the material in this collection including diaries and journals. Powers also removed loose newspaper clippings, notes, and printed ephemera from diaries and arranged them according to date or subject in plastic sleeves. Said clippings and assorted ephemera have been foldered according to Powers' groupings. Any associated labels were retained and transferred to folders and sub-folders. Exceptions have been made for papers with more discrete research potential than newspaper clippings (e.g. correspondence, Daisy Bacon's cat's pedigree chart). ","Plastic covers were removed from three scrapbooks containing  Love Story  covers.","Non-archival plastic sleeves were removed from personal papers and correspondence.","The groupings of newspaper clippings are foldered and subfoldered according to their groupings when donated.","The three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist. ","The photograph groupings as arranged by Laurie Powers were largely retained. Exceptions include photographs used for Powers' biography that were separated based solely on their inclusion in  Queen of the Pulps . Most of these photographs were interfiled with other groupings. ","A portion of the photo negatives are cellulose nitrate, in deteriorating condition, and/or do not have photograph copies. As such, they are likely candidates for future reformatting. The negatives were removed from their paper envelopes and housed in acid-free sleeves in those same groupings. The envelopes are retained as examples of marketing and advertisement for photo development companies."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStreet \u0026amp; Smith Records, Special Collections Research Center, Syracuse University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Street \u0026 Smith Records, Special Collections Research Center, Syracuse University Libraries"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, comprise the personal and professional papers, diaries, scrapbooks, printed ephemera, published and unpublished manuscripts, and photographs of Daisy Bacon, longtime editor of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story Magazine\u003c/emph\u003e. The papers of select family members are also represented in this collection and include Esther Joa Ford Robinson, Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, and Elmer Bacon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Diaries and Journals, 1899-1982, includes diaries kept by Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, Esther Joa Ford Robinson, and Daisy Bacon. Overall, the diary entries are typical in that they document weather, daily activities, visiting, and  illnesses. Jessie Bacon Ford's 1899 diary is unbound and comprises more than forty pages. In it Jessie writes about daily activities with frequent mentions of Daisy, who was an infant at the time. Jessie's diaries also include periodic mentions of having \"lonely days.\" Daisy chronicles her work on \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story Writier\u003c/emph\u003e and also frequently mentions dreams. Evidence of Daisy's alleged suicide attempts and overall mental health can be found in both Esther and Daisy's diary entries. A more detailed analysis of Daisy's mental health is discussed in Laurie Powers's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eQueen of the Pulps\u003c/emph\u003e. Apart from her diaries, Daisy also frequently chronicled her dreams and kept several journals in which she summarized them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera, 1903-1976, comprises miscellaneous newspaper clippings, printed ephemera, published articles, and scrapbooks created and collected by Daisy Bacon, her sister Esther, and their mother Jessie. Some of the materials  document \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e and Daisy's career as editor at Street \u0026amp; Smith. Many of the clippings were removed from diaries and organized by date and/or subject by Laurie Powers while writing \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eQueen of the Pulps\u003c/emph\u003e. These groupings were retained and are organized within sub-folders in the larger folders of newspaper clippings. Scrapbooks of a more personal nature include poetry and astrological clippings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf interest are four scrapbooks containing \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e covers between 1939 and 1947. Three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs contain a radio interview conducted by George Atmond with Daisy Bacon and Clarke Robinson on June 13, 1941 on WNYC, a public radio station in New York City. The scripted interview was part of a series titled \"The Writer and Your Life\" which proclaimed to create a better understanding between the audience and writers. An aluminum phonodisc is also included. It has not been reformatted and there is no corresponding label to indicate the nature of its contents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Manuscripts and Publishing, 1929-1975, comprises manuscript drafts written chiefly by Daisy Bacon, but also include writings and publications created by Clarke Robinson and Jessie Bacon Ford. Additionally, correspondence and documents related to publishing contracts, sales, and copyright are included. Bacon's \"Women Among Men\" was published in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe New York Woman\u003c/emph\u003e, Volume 1, Number 7, October 21, 1936. More detailed summaries of Daisy's manuscripts can be found in Laurie Powers's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eQueen of the Pulps\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNews items, articles, and promotional material relating to Daisy Bacon, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e, and Street \u0026amp; Smith can be found in Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Personal Papers and Correspondence, 1857-1975, comprises papers, documents, and personal correspondence largely unrelated to Daisy Bacon's work as the editor of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e, though professional matters may be present in the materials in this series. Family papers include Elmer Bacon's divorce certificate with Carrie Thompson Bacon and his marriage certificate with Jessie Holbrook, letters of recommendation for George E. Ford, and a ledger for a mercantile or grocery that Elmer and Jessie Bacon operated in Westfield, New York.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFinancial documents including Esther Robinson's check registers and receipts, legal documents concerning real estate, Daisy Bacon's passport, and a Certificate of Pedigree for Daisy's cat \"Collinsdale Janice\" are included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Photographs and Negatives, 1883-before March 25, 1986, primarily include Daisy Bacon, Henry Wise Miller, Esther Joa Ford Robinson, Clarke Robinson, Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, Elmer Bacon (post-mortem), and George Ford. Photographs include professional portraits, baby pictures, casual shots, and vacation destinations. Of interest is a photograph of Henry Wise Miller with Eleanor Roosevelt at a June 1940 dinner honoring those who worked for the Finnish Relief Fund. Daisy Bacon and Henry Wise Miller would freqently take photos of each other at the same location in a style described by Laurie Powers as \"twin photographs.\" Several examples of these pairs of photogaphs are included. Additonally, this series includes a group of photographs taken of Daisy Bacon by American photojournalist William Eugene Smith for an October 1942 article for Parade's Weekly. That issue and article can be found in Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera. Daisy Bacon and Esther Joa Ford Robinson were both cat enthusiasts. Many photographs feature the sisters with cats or cats on their own. The photographs are largely undated so in many cases folder date ranges are approximate.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe box of photo negatives have only been minimally reviewed and have not been digitized. A portion of the negatives are represented as photographs within this series. A date range was applied that corresponds to the earliest known photograph of Daisy Bacon (ca. 1899) and Daisy's death date (March 25, 1986).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, comprise the personal and professional papers, diaries, scrapbooks, printed ephemera, published and unpublished manuscripts, and photographs of Daisy Bacon, longtime editor of  Love Story Magazine . The papers of select family members are also represented in this collection and include Esther Joa Ford Robinson, Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, and Elmer Bacon.","Series 1: Diaries and Journals, 1899-1982, includes diaries kept by Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, Esther Joa Ford Robinson, and Daisy Bacon. Overall, the diary entries are typical in that they document weather, daily activities, visiting, and  illnesses. Jessie Bacon Ford's 1899 diary is unbound and comprises more than forty pages. In it Jessie writes about daily activities with frequent mentions of Daisy, who was an infant at the time. Jessie's diaries also include periodic mentions of having \"lonely days.\" Daisy chronicles her work on  Love Story Writier  and also frequently mentions dreams. Evidence of Daisy's alleged suicide attempts and overall mental health can be found in both Esther and Daisy's diary entries. A more detailed analysis of Daisy's mental health is discussed in Laurie Powers's  Queen of the Pulps . Apart from her diaries, Daisy also frequently chronicled her dreams and kept several journals in which she summarized them.","Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera, 1903-1976, comprises miscellaneous newspaper clippings, printed ephemera, published articles, and scrapbooks created and collected by Daisy Bacon, her sister Esther, and their mother Jessie. Some of the materials  document  Love Story  and Daisy's career as editor at Street \u0026 Smith. Many of the clippings were removed from diaries and organized by date and/or subject by Laurie Powers while writing  Queen of the Pulps . These groupings were retained and are organized within sub-folders in the larger folders of newspaper clippings. Scrapbooks of a more personal nature include poetry and astrological clippings.","Of interest are four scrapbooks containing  Love Story  covers between 1939 and 1947. Three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs contain a radio interview conducted by George Atmond with Daisy Bacon and Clarke Robinson on June 13, 1941 on WNYC, a public radio station in New York City. The scripted interview was part of a series titled \"The Writer and Your Life\" which proclaimed to create a better understanding between the audience and writers. An aluminum phonodisc is also included. It has not been reformatted and there is no corresponding label to indicate the nature of its contents.","Series 3: Manuscripts and Publishing, 1929-1975, comprises manuscript drafts written chiefly by Daisy Bacon, but also include writings and publications created by Clarke Robinson and Jessie Bacon Ford. Additionally, correspondence and documents related to publishing contracts, sales, and copyright are included. Bacon's \"Women Among Men\" was published in  The New York Woman , Volume 1, Number 7, October 21, 1936. More detailed summaries of Daisy's manuscripts can be found in Laurie Powers's  Queen of the Pulps .","News items, articles, and promotional material relating to Daisy Bacon,  Love Story , and Street \u0026 Smith can be found in Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera.","Series 4: Personal Papers and Correspondence, 1857-1975, comprises papers, documents, and personal correspondence largely unrelated to Daisy Bacon's work as the editor of  Love Story , though professional matters may be present in the materials in this series. Family papers include Elmer Bacon's divorce certificate with Carrie Thompson Bacon and his marriage certificate with Jessie Holbrook, letters of recommendation for George E. Ford, and a ledger for a mercantile or grocery that Elmer and Jessie Bacon operated in Westfield, New York.","Financial documents including Esther Robinson's check registers and receipts, legal documents concerning real estate, Daisy Bacon's passport, and a Certificate of Pedigree for Daisy's cat \"Collinsdale Janice\" are included.","Series 5: Photographs and Negatives, 1883-before March 25, 1986, primarily include Daisy Bacon, Henry Wise Miller, Esther Joa Ford Robinson, Clarke Robinson, Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, Elmer Bacon (post-mortem), and George Ford. Photographs include professional portraits, baby pictures, casual shots, and vacation destinations. Of interest is a photograph of Henry Wise Miller with Eleanor Roosevelt at a June 1940 dinner honoring those who worked for the Finnish Relief Fund. Daisy Bacon and Henry Wise Miller would freqently take photos of each other at the same location in a style described by Laurie Powers as \"twin photographs.\" Several examples of these pairs of photogaphs are included. Additonally, this series includes a group of photographs taken of Daisy Bacon by American photojournalist William Eugene Smith for an October 1942 article for Parade's Weekly. That issue and article can be found in Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera. Daisy Bacon and Esther Joa Ford Robinson were both cat enthusiasts. Many photographs feature the sisters with cats or cats on their own. The photographs are largely undated so in many cases folder date ranges are approximate.","The box of photo negatives have only been minimally reviewed and have not been digitized. A portion of the negatives are represented as photographs within this series. A date range was applied that corresponds to the earliest known photograph of Daisy Bacon (ca. 1899) and Daisy's death date (March 25, 1986)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright is retained by the creator(s) and their heirs for materials they have authored or otherwise produced that reside in this collection. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright is retained by the creator(s) and their heirs for materials they have authored or otherwise produced that reside in this collection. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_cb7f7f07da2c2707ee74d46d25a929d9\"\u003eThe Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, comprise the personal and professional papers, diaries, manuscripts, and photographs of Daisy Bacon, longtime editor of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story Magazine\u003c/emph\u003e. The papers of select immediate and extended family members are also included in this collection.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, comprise the personal and professional papers, diaries, manuscripts, and photographs of Daisy Bacon, longtime editor of  Love Story Magazine . The papers of select immediate and extended family members are also included in this collection."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Belmont Stakes","Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986","Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Belmont Stakes"],"names_coll_ssim":["Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-","Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986"],"persname_ssim":["Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986","Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":117,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:20:27.499Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_636"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1899","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Edna St. Vincent Millay papers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1899#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eProof copy of Edna St. Vincent Millay, \"A Few Figs from Thistles\". Typescript in cover of Edna St. Vincent Millay, A Few Figs from Thistles, Poems and Sonnets (New York: Frank Shay, 1921). 25 pp. Rare example of a pre-publication item from Frank Shay, a little-known publisher in Greenwich Village, New York who published small-run books, a magazine, and a newspaper from Frank Shay's Bookshop, 4 Christopher Street.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1899#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1899","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1899","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1899","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1899","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1899.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/241220","title_filing_ssi":"Millay, Edna St. Vincent, papers","title_ssm":["Edna St. Vincent Millay papers"],"title_tesim":["Edna St. Vincent Millay papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1897-1955"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1897-1955"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 7115","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1899"],"text":["MSS 7115","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1899","Edna St. Vincent Millay papers","Manuscripts (documents)","This collection is open for research.","Proof copy of Edna St. Vincent Millay, \"A Few Figs from Thistles\".  Typescript in cover of Edna St. Vincent Millay, A Few Figs from Thistles, Poems and Sonnets (New York: Frank Shay, 1921). 25 pp. Rare example of a pre-publication item from Frank Shay, a little-known publisher in Greenwich Village, New York who published small-run books, a magazine, and a newspaper from Frank Shay's Bookshop, 4 Christopher Street.","Fragile. Handle with care.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 7115","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1899"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Edna St. Vincent Millay papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Edna St. Vincent Millay papers"],"collection_ssim":["Edna St. Vincent Millay papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Manuscripts (documents)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Manuscripts (documents)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1500 items 16 document boxes (Barrett)"],"extent_tesim":["1500 items 16 document boxes (Barrett)"],"physfacet_tesim":["The bulk of the collection contains manuscripts; correspondence from Millay's relatives, classmates and friends; photographs; miscellaneous printed items including sheet music, broadsides, playbills and clipppings; and other material related to the publication of \"The Letters of Edna St. Vincent Millay\" by Allan Ross Macdougall."],"genreform_ssim":["Manuscripts (documents)"],"date_range_isim":[1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 7115, Edna St. Vincent Millay draft copy of \"A Few Figs From Thistles, Poems and Sonnets\" Addition (ViU-2017-0157), Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 7115, Edna St. Vincent Millay draft copy of \"A Few Figs From Thistles, Poems and Sonnets\" Addition (ViU-2017-0157), Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProof copy of Edna St. Vincent Millay, \"A Few Figs from Thistles\".  Typescript in cover of Edna St. Vincent Millay, A Few Figs from Thistles, Poems and Sonnets (New York: Frank Shay, 1921). 25 pp. Rare example of a pre-publication item from Frank Shay, a little-known publisher in Greenwich Village, New York who published small-run books, a magazine, and a newspaper from Frank Shay's Bookshop, 4 Christopher Street.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Proof copy of Edna St. Vincent Millay, \"A Few Figs from Thistles\".  Typescript in cover of Edna St. Vincent Millay, A Few Figs from Thistles, Poems and Sonnets (New York: Frank Shay, 1921). 25 pp. Rare example of a pre-publication item from Frank Shay, a little-known publisher in Greenwich Village, New York who published small-run books, a magazine, and a newspaper from Frank Shay's Bookshop, 4 Christopher Street."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFragile. Handle with care.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Fragile. Handle with care."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:48:36.769Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1899","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1899","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1899","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1899","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1899.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/241220","title_filing_ssi":"Millay, Edna St. Vincent, papers","title_ssm":["Edna St. Vincent Millay papers"],"title_tesim":["Edna St. Vincent Millay papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1897-1955"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1897-1955"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 7115","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1899"],"text":["MSS 7115","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1899","Edna St. Vincent Millay papers","Manuscripts (documents)","This collection is open for research.","Proof copy of Edna St. Vincent Millay, \"A Few Figs from Thistles\".  Typescript in cover of Edna St. Vincent Millay, A Few Figs from Thistles, Poems and Sonnets (New York: Frank Shay, 1921). 25 pp. Rare example of a pre-publication item from Frank Shay, a little-known publisher in Greenwich Village, New York who published small-run books, a magazine, and a newspaper from Frank Shay's Bookshop, 4 Christopher Street.","Fragile. Handle with care.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 7115","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1899"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Edna St. Vincent Millay papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Edna St. Vincent Millay papers"],"collection_ssim":["Edna St. Vincent Millay papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Manuscripts (documents)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Manuscripts (documents)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1500 items 16 document boxes (Barrett)"],"extent_tesim":["1500 items 16 document boxes (Barrett)"],"physfacet_tesim":["The bulk of the collection contains manuscripts; correspondence from Millay's relatives, classmates and friends; photographs; miscellaneous printed items including sheet music, broadsides, playbills and clipppings; and other material related to the publication of \"The Letters of Edna St. Vincent Millay\" by Allan Ross Macdougall."],"genreform_ssim":["Manuscripts (documents)"],"date_range_isim":[1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 7115, Edna St. Vincent Millay draft copy of \"A Few Figs From Thistles, Poems and Sonnets\" Addition (ViU-2017-0157), Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 7115, Edna St. Vincent Millay draft copy of \"A Few Figs From Thistles, Poems and Sonnets\" Addition (ViU-2017-0157), Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProof copy of Edna St. Vincent Millay, \"A Few Figs from Thistles\".  Typescript in cover of Edna St. Vincent Millay, A Few Figs from Thistles, Poems and Sonnets (New York: Frank Shay, 1921). 25 pp. Rare example of a pre-publication item from Frank Shay, a little-known publisher in Greenwich Village, New York who published small-run books, a magazine, and a newspaper from Frank Shay's Bookshop, 4 Christopher Street.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Proof copy of Edna St. Vincent Millay, \"A Few Figs from Thistles\".  Typescript in cover of Edna St. Vincent Millay, A Few Figs from Thistles, Poems and Sonnets (New York: Frank Shay, 1921). 25 pp. Rare example of a pre-publication item from Frank Shay, a little-known publisher in Greenwich Village, New York who published small-run books, a magazine, and a newspaper from Frank Shay's Bookshop, 4 Christopher Street."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFragile. Handle with care.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Fragile. Handle with care."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:48:36.769Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1899"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_727","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"George M. Neese papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_727#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_727#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection comprises the personal papers, correspondence, diaries, and writings of George M. Neese of New Market, Virginia.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_727#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_727","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_727","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_727","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_727","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_727.xml","title_ssm":["George M. Neese papers"],"title_tesim":["George M. Neese papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1859-1946"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1859-1946"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0355","/repositories/4/resources/727"],"text":["SC 0355","/repositories/4/resources/727","George M. Neese papers","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","Virginia -- History -- 19th century","New Market (Va.) -- History","Birds -- Virginia -- New Market","Bird watching -- Virginia -- New Market","Diaries","Letters (correspondence)","Postcards","Manuscripts (documents)","Drafts (documents)","Research notes","Autograph albums","Direct mail","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","A copy of  \nSketches accompanying the Annual report of the Superintendent of the United States Coast Survey  (1851) was not retained due to its poor condition. All loose items were removed and incorporated into the collection. Pages with substantive annotations were photocopied and retained.","The collection is arranged in two series:","Correspondence, 1868-1946 Personal papers, 1859-1921","George M. Neese (1839-1921), son of Michael and Elizabeth Zirkle Neese, was born in Shenandoah County, Virginia. As a youth, he attended New Market Academy. During the Civil War, Neese served for three years in the Confederate Army as a gunner in Chew's Battery, Stuart's Horse Artillery in the Army of Northern Virginia. He was captured approximately six miles north of Woodstock, Virginia on October 9, 1864. Neese was held as a prisoner at Point Lookout, Maryland for the remainder of the Civil War. After the war ended and he was released, Neese returned to Shenandoah County where he worked as a fresco painter, house painter, and wallpaper hanger for William F. Rupp. Neese also lived with Rupp's family in the Spitzer-Rupp House on Congress Street until his death in 1921. Neese kept diaries about his experience during the Civil War and published them under the title  Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery  (1911).","From the Fritz and Loretta Orebaugh estate, New Market, Virginia.","George M. Neese. Papers, 1859-1921. Accession 13994. Personal papers collection. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.","Rupp Family Papers, 1831-1973, SC 0342, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.","New Market Poll Book, 1870 May 26, SC 0356, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","The collection comprises the personal papers, correspondence, diaries, and writings of George M. Neese of New Market, Virginia.","Correspondence is primarily letters, postcards, and direct mail addressed to Neese.","Neese's personal papers comprise, among other materials, a handwritten draft manusript of  Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery , post-Civil War diaries, field books documenting bird sightings around New Market, and poetry.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1869-1946, comprises correspondence, postcards, and direct mail sent to George M. Neese and includes letters from business owners, private individuals, family members, and government officials.","Correspondence related to the publication of Neese's Civil War diaries under the title  Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery  includes letters from John W. Daniel, U.S. Senator from Lynchburg, Virginia, who was assisting Neese with publication. A 1946 letter to Fritz Orebaugh (through whose family the papers descended) requests to compare the original Civil War diaries against the published book to distinguish contemporary notes from additions made after the war. A 1920 letter from Henry Read McIlwaine, Virginia State Librarian, to George Neese concerns Neese's donation of materials including his original Civil War diaries to the Virginia State Library (now Library of Virginia). Correspondence with Neale Publishing as well as a carbon copy of Neese's 1908 publishing contract with them is included.","Correspondence from Neese's family in Memphis, Missouri, specifically the family of Neese's brother Aaron and nephew Jacob, discusses family matters, deaths, and provides general updates.","Correspondence from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Biological Survey acknowledges Neese's submitted notes on the spring migration of birds at New Market.","Correspondence from Theodore Schuster from Brooklyn, New York concerns acquisition of plants, flowers, bulbs, and seeds.","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1859-1921, comprises the writings, diaries, ledgers, photographs, and assorted personal papers of George M. Neese. The series also includes several handwritten poems that are unattributed but may have been written by Neese.","Of note is Neese's draft manuscript of  Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery  which was published by Neale Publishing in 1911. The manuscript is largely complete and includes numbered pages 5 through 217 with some unnumbered pages and gaps. The draft covers almost the entirety of the published diary. The draft is written on poor quality scraps of paper including calendar pages and advertisements. The original diaries that served as the basis for Neese's book are held by the Library of Virginia.","Twenty-four diaries and loose diary entries document Neese's daily activities, work conducted as a painter and wallpaper hanger, weather, deaths, and other community news.","Neese kept notebooks documenting bird sightings in New Market. He included the date, species, and number of birds for each sighting.","According to notations on the front page, the address \"In New Market Cemetery\"  was given by Charles Bemis Bliss on the occasion of Memorial Day 1911. It is dated May 28, 1911.","Includes scanned pages with annotations.","Address was given fifty years after the beginning of the Civil War. Discussion of the results of the Civil War from the persective of Massacusetts pastor C.B. Bliss. Invokes Lost Cause narratives.","A copy of  The People's Pocket Dictionary of the Holy Bible  with George Neese's owner's signature was separated from the collection and cataloged individually.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The collection comprises the personal papers, correspondence, diaries, and writings of George M. Neese of New Market, Virginia.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Artillery","Neese, George M. (George Michael), 1839-1921","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0355","/repositories/4/resources/727"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George M. Neese papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["George M. Neese papers"],"collection_ssim":["George M. Neese papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","Virginia -- History -- 19th century","New Market (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","Virginia -- History -- 19th century","New Market (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Neese, George M. (George Michael), 1839-1921"],"creator_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Neese, George M. (George Michael), 1839-1921"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Neese, George M. (George Michael), 1839-1921"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creators_ssim":["Neese, George M. (George Michael), 1839-1921","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","Virginia -- History -- 19th century","New Market (Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquired at Jeffrey S. Evans's Summer Americana \u0026 Variety Auction on August 24, 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Birds -- Virginia -- New Market","Bird watching -- Virginia -- New Market","Diaries","Letters (correspondence)","Postcards","Manuscripts (documents)","Drafts (documents)","Research notes","Autograph albums","Direct mail"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Birds -- Virginia -- New Market","Bird watching -- Virginia -- New Market","Diaries","Letters (correspondence)","Postcards","Manuscripts (documents)","Drafts (documents)","Research notes","Autograph albums","Direct mail"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.83 cubic feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.83 cubic feet 3 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Diaries","Letters (correspondence)","Postcards","Manuscripts (documents)","Drafts (documents)","Research notes","Autograph albums","Direct mail"],"date_range_isim":[1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA copy of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e\nSketches accompanying the Annual report of the Superintendent of the United States Coast Survey\u003c/emph\u003e (1851) was not retained due to its poor condition. All loose items were removed and incorporated into the collection. Pages with substantive annotations were photocopied and retained.\u003c/p\u003e"],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["A copy of  \nSketches accompanying the Annual report of the Superintendent of the United States Coast Survey  (1851) was not retained due to its poor condition. All loose items were removed and incorporated into the collection. Pages with substantive annotations were photocopied and retained."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in two series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1868-1946\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal papers, 1859-1921\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in two series:","Correspondence, 1868-1946 Personal papers, 1859-1921"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge M. Neese (1839-1921), son of Michael and Elizabeth Zirkle Neese, was born in Shenandoah County, Virginia. As a youth, he attended New Market Academy. During the Civil War, Neese served for three years in the Confederate Army as a gunner in Chew's Battery, Stuart's Horse Artillery in the Army of Northern Virginia. He was captured approximately six miles north of Woodstock, Virginia on October 9, 1864. Neese was held as a prisoner at Point Lookout, Maryland for the remainder of the Civil War. After the war ended and he was released, Neese returned to Shenandoah County where he worked as a fresco painter, house painter, and wallpaper hanger for William F. Rupp. Neese also lived with Rupp's family in the Spitzer-Rupp House on Congress Street until his death in 1921. Neese kept diaries about his experience during the Civil War and published them under the title \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThree Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery\u003c/emph\u003e (1911).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["George M. Neese (1839-1921), son of Michael and Elizabeth Zirkle Neese, was born in Shenandoah County, Virginia. As a youth, he attended New Market Academy. During the Civil War, Neese served for three years in the Confederate Army as a gunner in Chew's Battery, Stuart's Horse Artillery in the Army of Northern Virginia. He was captured approximately six miles north of Woodstock, Virginia on October 9, 1864. Neese was held as a prisoner at Point Lookout, Maryland for the remainder of the Civil War. After the war ended and he was released, Neese returned to Shenandoah County where he worked as a fresco painter, house painter, and wallpaper hanger for William F. Rupp. Neese also lived with Rupp's family in the Spitzer-Rupp House on Congress Street until his death in 1921. Neese kept diaries about his experience during the Civil War and published them under the title  Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery  (1911)."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrom the Fritz and Loretta Orebaugh estate, New Market, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["From the Fritz and Loretta Orebaugh estate, New Market, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], George M. Neese Papers, SC 0355, 1859-1946, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], George M. Neese Papers, SC 0355, 1859-1946, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge M. Neese. Papers, 1859-1921. Accession 13994. Personal papers collection. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRupp Family Papers, 1831-1973, SC 0342, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNew Market Poll Book, 1870 May 26, SC 0356, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["George M. Neese. Papers, 1859-1921. Accession 13994. Personal papers collection. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.","Rupp Family Papers, 1831-1973, SC 0342, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.","New Market Poll Book, 1870 May 26, SC 0356, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection comprises the personal papers, correspondence, diaries, and writings of George M. Neese of New Market, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence is primarily letters, postcards, and direct mail addressed to Neese.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNeese's personal papers comprise, among other materials, a handwritten draft manusript of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThree Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery\u003c/emph\u003e, post-Civil War diaries, field books documenting bird sightings around New Market, and poetry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1869-1946, comprises correspondence, postcards, and direct mail sent to George M. Neese and includes letters from business owners, private individuals, family members, and government officials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence related to the publication of Neese's Civil War diaries under the title \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThree Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery\u003c/emph\u003e includes letters from John W. Daniel, U.S. Senator from Lynchburg, Virginia, who was assisting Neese with publication. A 1946 letter to Fritz Orebaugh (through whose family the papers descended) requests to compare the original Civil War diaries against the published book to distinguish contemporary notes from additions made after the war. A 1920 letter from Henry Read McIlwaine, Virginia State Librarian, to George Neese concerns Neese's donation of materials including his original Civil War diaries to the Virginia State Library (now Library of Virginia). Correspondence with Neale Publishing as well as a carbon copy of Neese's 1908 publishing contract with them is included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence from Neese's family in Memphis, Missouri, specifically the family of Neese's brother Aaron and nephew Jacob, discusses family matters, deaths, and provides general updates.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Biological Survey acknowledges Neese's submitted notes on the spring migration of birds at New Market.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence from Theodore Schuster from Brooklyn, New York concerns acquisition of plants, flowers, bulbs, and seeds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Personal Papers, 1859-1921, comprises the writings, diaries, ledgers, photographs, and assorted personal papers of George M. Neese. The series also includes several handwritten poems that are unattributed but may have been written by Neese.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf note is Neese's draft manuscript of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThree Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery\u003c/emph\u003e which was published by Neale Publishing in 1911. The manuscript is largely complete and includes numbered pages 5 through 217 with some unnumbered pages and gaps. The draft covers almost the entirety of the published diary. The draft is written on poor quality scraps of paper including calendar pages and advertisements. The original diaries that served as the basis for Neese's book are held by the Library of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTwenty-four diaries and loose diary entries document Neese's daily activities, work conducted as a painter and wallpaper hanger, weather, deaths, and other community news.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNeese kept notebooks documenting bird sightings in New Market. He included the date, species, and number of birds for each sighting.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to notations on the front page, the address \"In New Market Cemetery\"  was given by Charles Bemis Bliss on the occasion of Memorial Day 1911. It is dated May 28, 1911.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes scanned pages with annotations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddress was given fifty years after the beginning of the Civil War. Discussion of the results of the Civil War from the persective of Massacusetts pastor C.B. Bliss. Invokes Lost Cause narratives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection comprises the personal papers, correspondence, diaries, and writings of George M. Neese of New Market, Virginia.","Correspondence is primarily letters, postcards, and direct mail addressed to Neese.","Neese's personal papers comprise, among other materials, a handwritten draft manusript of  Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery , post-Civil War diaries, field books documenting bird sightings around New Market, and poetry.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1869-1946, comprises correspondence, postcards, and direct mail sent to George M. Neese and includes letters from business owners, private individuals, family members, and government officials.","Correspondence related to the publication of Neese's Civil War diaries under the title  Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery  includes letters from John W. Daniel, U.S. Senator from Lynchburg, Virginia, who was assisting Neese with publication. A 1946 letter to Fritz Orebaugh (through whose family the papers descended) requests to compare the original Civil War diaries against the published book to distinguish contemporary notes from additions made after the war. A 1920 letter from Henry Read McIlwaine, Virginia State Librarian, to George Neese concerns Neese's donation of materials including his original Civil War diaries to the Virginia State Library (now Library of Virginia). Correspondence with Neale Publishing as well as a carbon copy of Neese's 1908 publishing contract with them is included.","Correspondence from Neese's family in Memphis, Missouri, specifically the family of Neese's brother Aaron and nephew Jacob, discusses family matters, deaths, and provides general updates.","Correspondence from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Biological Survey acknowledges Neese's submitted notes on the spring migration of birds at New Market.","Correspondence from Theodore Schuster from Brooklyn, New York concerns acquisition of plants, flowers, bulbs, and seeds.","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1859-1921, comprises the writings, diaries, ledgers, photographs, and assorted personal papers of George M. Neese. The series also includes several handwritten poems that are unattributed but may have been written by Neese.","Of note is Neese's draft manuscript of  Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery  which was published by Neale Publishing in 1911. The manuscript is largely complete and includes numbered pages 5 through 217 with some unnumbered pages and gaps. The draft covers almost the entirety of the published diary. The draft is written on poor quality scraps of paper including calendar pages and advertisements. The original diaries that served as the basis for Neese's book are held by the Library of Virginia.","Twenty-four diaries and loose diary entries document Neese's daily activities, work conducted as a painter and wallpaper hanger, weather, deaths, and other community news.","Neese kept notebooks documenting bird sightings in New Market. He included the date, species, and number of birds for each sighting.","According to notations on the front page, the address \"In New Market Cemetery\"  was given by Charles Bemis Bliss on the occasion of Memorial Day 1911. It is dated May 28, 1911.","Includes scanned pages with annotations.","Address was given fifty years after the beginning of the Civil War. Discussion of the results of the Civil War from the persective of Massacusetts pastor C.B. Bliss. Invokes Lost Cause narratives."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA copy of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe People's Pocket Dictionary of the Holy Bible\u003c/emph\u003e with George Neese's owner's signature was separated from the collection and cataloged individually.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["A copy of  The People's Pocket Dictionary of the Holy Bible  with George Neese's owner's signature was separated from the collection and cataloged individually."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_90e536cc81fb204e235bb40022fd6115\"\u003eThe collection comprises the personal papers, correspondence, diaries, and writings of George M. Neese of New Market, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection comprises the personal papers, correspondence, diaries, and writings of George M. Neese of New Market, Virginia."],"names_coll_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Artillery"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Artillery","Neese, George M. (George Michael), 1839-1921"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Artillery"],"persname_ssim":["Neese, George M. (George Michael), 1839-1921"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":31,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:23:48.473Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_727","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_727","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_727","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_727","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_727.xml","title_ssm":["George M. Neese papers"],"title_tesim":["George M. Neese papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1859-1946"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1859-1946"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0355","/repositories/4/resources/727"],"text":["SC 0355","/repositories/4/resources/727","George M. Neese papers","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","Virginia -- History -- 19th century","New Market (Va.) -- History","Birds -- Virginia -- New Market","Bird watching -- Virginia -- New Market","Diaries","Letters (correspondence)","Postcards","Manuscripts (documents)","Drafts (documents)","Research notes","Autograph albums","Direct mail","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","A copy of  \nSketches accompanying the Annual report of the Superintendent of the United States Coast Survey  (1851) was not retained due to its poor condition. All loose items were removed and incorporated into the collection. Pages with substantive annotations were photocopied and retained.","The collection is arranged in two series:","Correspondence, 1868-1946 Personal papers, 1859-1921","George M. Neese (1839-1921), son of Michael and Elizabeth Zirkle Neese, was born in Shenandoah County, Virginia. As a youth, he attended New Market Academy. During the Civil War, Neese served for three years in the Confederate Army as a gunner in Chew's Battery, Stuart's Horse Artillery in the Army of Northern Virginia. He was captured approximately six miles north of Woodstock, Virginia on October 9, 1864. Neese was held as a prisoner at Point Lookout, Maryland for the remainder of the Civil War. After the war ended and he was released, Neese returned to Shenandoah County where he worked as a fresco painter, house painter, and wallpaper hanger for William F. Rupp. Neese also lived with Rupp's family in the Spitzer-Rupp House on Congress Street until his death in 1921. Neese kept diaries about his experience during the Civil War and published them under the title  Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery  (1911).","From the Fritz and Loretta Orebaugh estate, New Market, Virginia.","George M. Neese. Papers, 1859-1921. Accession 13994. Personal papers collection. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.","Rupp Family Papers, 1831-1973, SC 0342, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.","New Market Poll Book, 1870 May 26, SC 0356, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","The collection comprises the personal papers, correspondence, diaries, and writings of George M. Neese of New Market, Virginia.","Correspondence is primarily letters, postcards, and direct mail addressed to Neese.","Neese's personal papers comprise, among other materials, a handwritten draft manusript of  Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery , post-Civil War diaries, field books documenting bird sightings around New Market, and poetry.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1869-1946, comprises correspondence, postcards, and direct mail sent to George M. Neese and includes letters from business owners, private individuals, family members, and government officials.","Correspondence related to the publication of Neese's Civil War diaries under the title  Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery  includes letters from John W. Daniel, U.S. Senator from Lynchburg, Virginia, who was assisting Neese with publication. A 1946 letter to Fritz Orebaugh (through whose family the papers descended) requests to compare the original Civil War diaries against the published book to distinguish contemporary notes from additions made after the war. A 1920 letter from Henry Read McIlwaine, Virginia State Librarian, to George Neese concerns Neese's donation of materials including his original Civil War diaries to the Virginia State Library (now Library of Virginia). Correspondence with Neale Publishing as well as a carbon copy of Neese's 1908 publishing contract with them is included.","Correspondence from Neese's family in Memphis, Missouri, specifically the family of Neese's brother Aaron and nephew Jacob, discusses family matters, deaths, and provides general updates.","Correspondence from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Biological Survey acknowledges Neese's submitted notes on the spring migration of birds at New Market.","Correspondence from Theodore Schuster from Brooklyn, New York concerns acquisition of plants, flowers, bulbs, and seeds.","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1859-1921, comprises the writings, diaries, ledgers, photographs, and assorted personal papers of George M. Neese. The series also includes several handwritten poems that are unattributed but may have been written by Neese.","Of note is Neese's draft manuscript of  Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery  which was published by Neale Publishing in 1911. The manuscript is largely complete and includes numbered pages 5 through 217 with some unnumbered pages and gaps. The draft covers almost the entirety of the published diary. The draft is written on poor quality scraps of paper including calendar pages and advertisements. The original diaries that served as the basis for Neese's book are held by the Library of Virginia.","Twenty-four diaries and loose diary entries document Neese's daily activities, work conducted as a painter and wallpaper hanger, weather, deaths, and other community news.","Neese kept notebooks documenting bird sightings in New Market. He included the date, species, and number of birds for each sighting.","According to notations on the front page, the address \"In New Market Cemetery\"  was given by Charles Bemis Bliss on the occasion of Memorial Day 1911. It is dated May 28, 1911.","Includes scanned pages with annotations.","Address was given fifty years after the beginning of the Civil War. Discussion of the results of the Civil War from the persective of Massacusetts pastor C.B. Bliss. Invokes Lost Cause narratives.","A copy of  The People's Pocket Dictionary of the Holy Bible  with George Neese's owner's signature was separated from the collection and cataloged individually.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The collection comprises the personal papers, correspondence, diaries, and writings of George M. Neese of New Market, Virginia.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Artillery","Neese, George M. (George Michael), 1839-1921","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0355","/repositories/4/resources/727"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George M. Neese papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["George M. Neese papers"],"collection_ssim":["George M. Neese papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","Virginia -- History -- 19th century","New Market (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","Virginia -- History -- 19th century","New Market (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Neese, George M. (George Michael), 1839-1921"],"creator_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Neese, George M. (George Michael), 1839-1921"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Neese, George M. (George Michael), 1839-1921"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creators_ssim":["Neese, George M. (George Michael), 1839-1921","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","Virginia -- History -- 19th century","New Market (Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquired at Jeffrey S. Evans's Summer Americana \u0026 Variety Auction on August 24, 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Birds -- Virginia -- New Market","Bird watching -- Virginia -- New Market","Diaries","Letters (correspondence)","Postcards","Manuscripts (documents)","Drafts (documents)","Research notes","Autograph albums","Direct mail"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Birds -- Virginia -- New Market","Bird watching -- Virginia -- New Market","Diaries","Letters (correspondence)","Postcards","Manuscripts (documents)","Drafts (documents)","Research notes","Autograph albums","Direct mail"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.83 cubic feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.83 cubic feet 3 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Diaries","Letters (correspondence)","Postcards","Manuscripts (documents)","Drafts (documents)","Research notes","Autograph albums","Direct mail"],"date_range_isim":[1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA copy of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e\nSketches accompanying the Annual report of the Superintendent of the United States Coast Survey\u003c/emph\u003e (1851) was not retained due to its poor condition. All loose items were removed and incorporated into the collection. Pages with substantive annotations were photocopied and retained.\u003c/p\u003e"],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["A copy of  \nSketches accompanying the Annual report of the Superintendent of the United States Coast Survey  (1851) was not retained due to its poor condition. All loose items were removed and incorporated into the collection. Pages with substantive annotations were photocopied and retained."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in two series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1868-1946\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal papers, 1859-1921\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in two series:","Correspondence, 1868-1946 Personal papers, 1859-1921"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge M. Neese (1839-1921), son of Michael and Elizabeth Zirkle Neese, was born in Shenandoah County, Virginia. As a youth, he attended New Market Academy. During the Civil War, Neese served for three years in the Confederate Army as a gunner in Chew's Battery, Stuart's Horse Artillery in the Army of Northern Virginia. He was captured approximately six miles north of Woodstock, Virginia on October 9, 1864. Neese was held as a prisoner at Point Lookout, Maryland for the remainder of the Civil War. After the war ended and he was released, Neese returned to Shenandoah County where he worked as a fresco painter, house painter, and wallpaper hanger for William F. Rupp. Neese also lived with Rupp's family in the Spitzer-Rupp House on Congress Street until his death in 1921. Neese kept diaries about his experience during the Civil War and published them under the title \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThree Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery\u003c/emph\u003e (1911).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["George M. Neese (1839-1921), son of Michael and Elizabeth Zirkle Neese, was born in Shenandoah County, Virginia. As a youth, he attended New Market Academy. During the Civil War, Neese served for three years in the Confederate Army as a gunner in Chew's Battery, Stuart's Horse Artillery in the Army of Northern Virginia. He was captured approximately six miles north of Woodstock, Virginia on October 9, 1864. Neese was held as a prisoner at Point Lookout, Maryland for the remainder of the Civil War. After the war ended and he was released, Neese returned to Shenandoah County where he worked as a fresco painter, house painter, and wallpaper hanger for William F. Rupp. Neese also lived with Rupp's family in the Spitzer-Rupp House on Congress Street until his death in 1921. Neese kept diaries about his experience during the Civil War and published them under the title  Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery  (1911)."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrom the Fritz and Loretta Orebaugh estate, New Market, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["From the Fritz and Loretta Orebaugh estate, New Market, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], George M. Neese Papers, SC 0355, 1859-1946, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], George M. Neese Papers, SC 0355, 1859-1946, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge M. Neese. Papers, 1859-1921. Accession 13994. Personal papers collection. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRupp Family Papers, 1831-1973, SC 0342, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNew Market Poll Book, 1870 May 26, SC 0356, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["George M. Neese. Papers, 1859-1921. Accession 13994. Personal papers collection. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.","Rupp Family Papers, 1831-1973, SC 0342, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.","New Market Poll Book, 1870 May 26, SC 0356, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection comprises the personal papers, correspondence, diaries, and writings of George M. Neese of New Market, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence is primarily letters, postcards, and direct mail addressed to Neese.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNeese's personal papers comprise, among other materials, a handwritten draft manusript of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThree Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery\u003c/emph\u003e, post-Civil War diaries, field books documenting bird sightings around New Market, and poetry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1869-1946, comprises correspondence, postcards, and direct mail sent to George M. Neese and includes letters from business owners, private individuals, family members, and government officials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence related to the publication of Neese's Civil War diaries under the title \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThree Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery\u003c/emph\u003e includes letters from John W. Daniel, U.S. Senator from Lynchburg, Virginia, who was assisting Neese with publication. A 1946 letter to Fritz Orebaugh (through whose family the papers descended) requests to compare the original Civil War diaries against the published book to distinguish contemporary notes from additions made after the war. A 1920 letter from Henry Read McIlwaine, Virginia State Librarian, to George Neese concerns Neese's donation of materials including his original Civil War diaries to the Virginia State Library (now Library of Virginia). Correspondence with Neale Publishing as well as a carbon copy of Neese's 1908 publishing contract with them is included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence from Neese's family in Memphis, Missouri, specifically the family of Neese's brother Aaron and nephew Jacob, discusses family matters, deaths, and provides general updates.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Biological Survey acknowledges Neese's submitted notes on the spring migration of birds at New Market.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence from Theodore Schuster from Brooklyn, New York concerns acquisition of plants, flowers, bulbs, and seeds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Personal Papers, 1859-1921, comprises the writings, diaries, ledgers, photographs, and assorted personal papers of George M. Neese. The series also includes several handwritten poems that are unattributed but may have been written by Neese.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf note is Neese's draft manuscript of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThree Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery\u003c/emph\u003e which was published by Neale Publishing in 1911. The manuscript is largely complete and includes numbered pages 5 through 217 with some unnumbered pages and gaps. The draft covers almost the entirety of the published diary. The draft is written on poor quality scraps of paper including calendar pages and advertisements. The original diaries that served as the basis for Neese's book are held by the Library of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTwenty-four diaries and loose diary entries document Neese's daily activities, work conducted as a painter and wallpaper hanger, weather, deaths, and other community news.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNeese kept notebooks documenting bird sightings in New Market. He included the date, species, and number of birds for each sighting.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to notations on the front page, the address \"In New Market Cemetery\"  was given by Charles Bemis Bliss on the occasion of Memorial Day 1911. It is dated May 28, 1911.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes scanned pages with annotations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddress was given fifty years after the beginning of the Civil War. Discussion of the results of the Civil War from the persective of Massacusetts pastor C.B. Bliss. Invokes Lost Cause narratives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection comprises the personal papers, correspondence, diaries, and writings of George M. Neese of New Market, Virginia.","Correspondence is primarily letters, postcards, and direct mail addressed to Neese.","Neese's personal papers comprise, among other materials, a handwritten draft manusript of  Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery , post-Civil War diaries, field books documenting bird sightings around New Market, and poetry.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1869-1946, comprises correspondence, postcards, and direct mail sent to George M. Neese and includes letters from business owners, private individuals, family members, and government officials.","Correspondence related to the publication of Neese's Civil War diaries under the title  Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery  includes letters from John W. Daniel, U.S. Senator from Lynchburg, Virginia, who was assisting Neese with publication. A 1946 letter to Fritz Orebaugh (through whose family the papers descended) requests to compare the original Civil War diaries against the published book to distinguish contemporary notes from additions made after the war. A 1920 letter from Henry Read McIlwaine, Virginia State Librarian, to George Neese concerns Neese's donation of materials including his original Civil War diaries to the Virginia State Library (now Library of Virginia). Correspondence with Neale Publishing as well as a carbon copy of Neese's 1908 publishing contract with them is included.","Correspondence from Neese's family in Memphis, Missouri, specifically the family of Neese's brother Aaron and nephew Jacob, discusses family matters, deaths, and provides general updates.","Correspondence from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Biological Survey acknowledges Neese's submitted notes on the spring migration of birds at New Market.","Correspondence from Theodore Schuster from Brooklyn, New York concerns acquisition of plants, flowers, bulbs, and seeds.","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1859-1921, comprises the writings, diaries, ledgers, photographs, and assorted personal papers of George M. Neese. The series also includes several handwritten poems that are unattributed but may have been written by Neese.","Of note is Neese's draft manuscript of  Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery  which was published by Neale Publishing in 1911. The manuscript is largely complete and includes numbered pages 5 through 217 with some unnumbered pages and gaps. The draft covers almost the entirety of the published diary. The draft is written on poor quality scraps of paper including calendar pages and advertisements. The original diaries that served as the basis for Neese's book are held by the Library of Virginia.","Twenty-four diaries and loose diary entries document Neese's daily activities, work conducted as a painter and wallpaper hanger, weather, deaths, and other community news.","Neese kept notebooks documenting bird sightings in New Market. He included the date, species, and number of birds for each sighting.","According to notations on the front page, the address \"In New Market Cemetery\"  was given by Charles Bemis Bliss on the occasion of Memorial Day 1911. It is dated May 28, 1911.","Includes scanned pages with annotations.","Address was given fifty years after the beginning of the Civil War. Discussion of the results of the Civil War from the persective of Massacusetts pastor C.B. Bliss. Invokes Lost Cause narratives."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA copy of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe People's Pocket Dictionary of the Holy Bible\u003c/emph\u003e with George Neese's owner's signature was separated from the collection and cataloged individually.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["A copy of  The People's Pocket Dictionary of the Holy Bible  with George Neese's owner's signature was separated from the collection and cataloged individually."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_90e536cc81fb204e235bb40022fd6115\"\u003eThe collection comprises the personal papers, correspondence, diaries, and writings of George M. Neese of New Market, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection comprises the personal papers, correspondence, diaries, and writings of George M. Neese of New Market, Virginia."],"names_coll_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Artillery"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Artillery","Neese, George M. (George Michael), 1839-1921"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Artillery"],"persname_ssim":["Neese, George M. (George Michael), 1839-1921"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":31,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:23:48.473Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_727"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_965","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"George Washington Lewis papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_965#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_965#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe George Washington Lewis papers consists chiefly of correspondence to and from George Washington Lewis and between other family members, but also includes a few photographs of the Lewis family and the homes of \"Claymont\", \"Shellfield\" and \"Marmion\"; a plat of \"Claymont\"; newsclippings; notes on Lewis family history and genealogy; and a few financial and legal documents.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_965#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_965","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_965","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_965","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_965","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_965.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/120875","title_filing_ssi":"Lewis, George Washington, papers","title_ssm":["George Washington Lewis papers"],"title_tesim":["George Washington Lewis papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1805-1906, 1966"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1805-1906, 1966"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16413","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/965"],"text":["MSS 16413","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/965","George Washington Lewis papers","Lewis family","Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","enslavement","enslaved persons","Politics and government","Manuscripts (documents)","photographs","letters (correspondence)","Good.","The collection has been arranged in two series, Correspondence and the Lewis family miscellany files. The correspondence is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the correspondent.","Judge George Washington Lewis (1803/4-1879) was born at \"Shellfield,\" Colonial Beach, Virginia, and died at \"Claymont,\" Westmoreland County, Virginia, the son of Samuel Lewis (1780-1840) and Sarah Attaway Miller (1785-1822) and grandson of George Lewis (1757-1821) and Catherine Daingerfield (1784-1820). Lewis was a lawyer, educated at the University of Virginia. He was married first to Jane Brockenbrough Lewis (1810-1849) and they had six children: Anna Louisa Lewis (1830-1897); Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862); Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (1833-1910); Samuel Lewis (1836-1849); Robert Byrd Lewis (1841-1897) and Lucy Pratt Lewis Funsten (1844-1909). His second wife was Lucy Anne Robb (1823-1891) and they had two children, Jane Vivian Lewis Long (1858-1931) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (1861-190).","Francis Burt served in the South Carolina General Assembly for twelve years, 1832-1844. In 1853 he was appointed an auditor at the U.S. Treasury Department. In 1854, Burt was selected by President Pierce as the first Governor of the Nebraska Territory but died just a few days after taking the oath of office.","As shown in these three letters, \"In 1846 and again ten years later there were efforts to pull Carter out of political retirement, the first time as Whig nominee for the State Senate, the second as Union Candidates for Congress (Virginia's 8th District). In each instance Carter politely but firmly declined to be a candidate. See, for example, his letter to the \"Richmond Whig\", July 21, 1856\" (quoted from a note from the finding aid for MSS 1959, -a, -c in UVA Special Collections).","Henry Bankhead Lewis was killed in the Battle of Seven Pines, May 31-June 1, 1862.","The correspondent was probably Mary Willis Lewis (1812-1886), daughter of Major Samuel Lewis, who married John Casey, Union, Kentucky, in 1829. The recipient is probably her brother, George Washington Lewis.","According to a Wikipedia article about Kentucky in the Civil War, \"Kentucky was a border state of key importance in the American Civil War. It officially declared its neutrality at the beginning of the war, but after a failed attempt by Confederate General Leonidas Polk to take the state of Kentucky for the Confederacy, the legislature petitioned the Union Army for assistance.\"","This material contains racist language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid.","These copies were made presumably by Lucy Lewis Funsten and the location of originals are unknown.","The George Washington Lewis papers consists chiefly of correspondence to and from George Washington Lewis and between other family members, but also includes a few photographs of the Lewis family and the homes of \"Claymont\", \"Shellfield\" and \"Marmion\"; a plat of \"Claymont\"; newsclippings; notes on Lewis family history and genealogy; and a few financial and legal documents.","Bayly discusses the handling of the case of Molly Butler and his lack of time for correspondence due to his work on the Foreign Affairs Committee and his poor health.","This is a letter of condolence upon the death of George Washington Lewis.","Sends a note saying that Willis and family have been delayed due to an accident to their carriage and sends personal regards from Mary Berkeley.","Brockenbrough welcomes \"the young Mr. McDaniel\" recommended by Lewis into his class at the Lexington Law School for instruction and has sent him one of his Law School circulars.","Burke sends a brief note about the life of Fielding Lewis and refers to the \"Samoan disaster\" account in \"The Washington Post.\"","He writes that he is forwarding the amount owed for the pension of Molly Butler up to her death on June 13, 1852, through Representative Bayly to George Washington Lewis, who is the administrator of Butler's estate.","Cameron requests a letter of recommendation from Lewis for the recently created position of Chair of Greek and Hebrew at the University of Virginia, August 4, 1856. In his second letter, June 23, 1857, Princeton, New Jersey, he shares his plans to sail for Europe in a week, where he will spend about a year to travel and study.","John Campbell writes in great detail about the settlement of the estate of the father of Samuel Lewis, the claims of Lewis for enslaved persons willed to him by his father and a reference to others captured by the British (during the War of 1812?) and the need to secure the future of \"Bushfield Plantation\" which will have to be sold.","Supplies the names of two merchant tailors, Charles H. Lane and William Tucker, that he had omitted in his previous letter (not present), for their legal claim against Mastin Davis?, that he is sending to Lewis.","John Armistead Carter writes to Lewis for help with business arrangements with tenants on his property near Lewis, especially in collecting the rent from Mr. Baker. This concern continues into his second letter, where he responds to the information sent to him by Lewis, but he also discusses the possible sale of one of his enslaved men, William, who is around 41 years old. William's enslaved brother, Enoch, is a few years older and belongs to E. Conway. Carter asks Lewis to tell him what he can get for him, if he can find a good master, as \"I would not sell him to the traders.\" ","He tries to cheer up Lewis in political matters, urging all leaders to promote education and express a sympathic attitude of helpfulness to the masses, with a regular and efficent system of government. He also writes about his religious views at length. Carter returns to political topics, declaring that he is not a candidate himself. Carter served in the Virginia House of Delegates both before and after the Civil War, representing the Loudoun district.","Carter, while declining to be a candidate for political office, expresses grave concern over the recent action by the United States, termed by him the \"rapid acquisition of foreign territory by the proclamation of our royal masters pro-consuls? What has become of the Constitution, and those who were so zealous in its defense?\" in his letter of December 10, 1846. ","In his letter, March 26, 1857, he protests the creation of abolitionist territories and states from public lands by Congress without reference to specific documents or acts, dates and the amounts of such lands transferred from the \"common treasury\" and the resulting disadvantages to the \"old states\" as a result. ","The third letter continues the discussion about the territories, their constitutions, and their eventual admission to the United States, his surprise over the recent election in Kansas on the slavery provision in their constitution, and the lack of interesting bills in the Legislature (1858 January 2).","Agrees with the apprehensive assessment of Lewis about the state of domestic relations in the United States and abroad but fears the worst situation is at home. He points to the \"spring occurrences in Kansas\" and fears that the consequences will be dire. He also believes that \"the North will send men, money and arms\" to Kansas to promote a \"bloody collision.\" Casey writes that he believes that the Martin Van Buren platform of 1848 laid the groundwork for the current state of things, interrupted briefly by the Compromise of 1850-1851. He believes that the only ones to benefit from the \"Know Nothing\" party will be the \"Black Republicans.\" He closes with personal regards and news.","Tells Lewis that the proposition contained in the last two letters from Lewis to him cannot be pushed through the General Assembly at the end of the session because almost everyone has gone home. A similar proposal faced opposition during the session. Claybrook says that Chairman Pendleton has promised to pursue it in the next session in the winter. He also refers to the passage of a bill in the House on March 4th concerning the escape of fugitive enslaved persons and \"the rights and disabilities of free negroes.\" Claybrook also writes in detail about the prospects of Millard Fillmore and other candidates for the Presidential election and disagrees with Lewis that the Union is in danger.","Davis agrees to take up the lawsuit of Carter v. Taylor, should the pending negotiations fail.","Dickinson represents two sisters, Mrs. Gray and Mrs. Bankhead, in the sale of three fourths of a tract of land in Caroline County. He writes to Daingerfield Lewis as the executor of George Lewis, who was owner of one of the fourths of the tract of land. He asks if Lewis will commit to a division of the tract or agree to a sale of the land as a unit and asks him to send written instructions in his role as the executor of George Lewis.","Asks for advice from Lewis on how to best present his proposal for the James River and Kanawha Canal before the Legislature in his first letter and thanks him for his advice in his second letter.","Edward Everett,  May 26, 1860, thanks Lewis for sending him one of George Washington's autograph letters which he terms \"a precious relic.\" With Everett's letter is a hand-written draft copy of G.W. Lewis' original letter, May 24, 1860, sent to Edward Everett when he mailed the Washington letter as an enclosure. In that letter, he expresses a great deal of appreciation for Everett's character and political career.","Benjamin Stoddert Ewell, president of William and Mary, writes concerning the college fees and progress of Robert Byrd Lewis, the son of George Washington Lewis, as a student at William and Mary.","Forbes is running for office as a Whig candidate against Mr. Holladay and attempts to explain to Lewis and other voters why he is speaking at the Spotsylvania Court House instead of the Westmoreland Court House. In his second letter, Forbes expresses his opposition to the Northern men who are trying to enforce their anti-slavery views in the Territories and using direct taxation upon enslaved persons to attempt to bring about the destruction of the practice of enslavement.","Declines to publish an article by Lewis in its present form which criticizes a sculpture by Horatio Greenough. Greenough was just recently deceased.","Godfrey requests any information about Captain George Lewis (1757-1821), an officer in the Commander-in-Chief's Guard, and his family, or a likeness or image of Lewis, for his book \"The Commander-in-Chief's Guard, Revolutionary War\" (1902); thanks her for allowing him to photograph the payroll of Captain Lewis' troop, which is the only one in existence and warns her about the need for its care, also sharing the interest of Mr. Ford, Library of Congress, in its purchase (January 8, 1903).","Encloses a letter (not present) from their mutual friend, Henry P. Irving of Richmond, Virginia, and expresses the hope of still meeting Lewis before leaving the county.","Despite his loss in the recent political contest, Goggin is thankful for the formation of new friendships and the renewal of old friendships, none more than his with Lewis.","Writes a detailed letter about the Lewis genealogy in the United States and explains why he cannot use her Lewis data in his book.","Expresses his concern that Lewis had not received his second letter containing the papers which he returned since nothing more could be done with them at his office and he was afraid he would misplace them (April 6, 1846). Hunter plans on sending a letter to Confederate President Jefferson Davis with the valuable information that Lewis has sent. The Virginia generals expect the enemy to send troops from Fredericksburg to General George McClellan but will not know it until they receive the news through Lewis. He believes that McClellan is probably preparing for another effort but where he will re-organize his forces was a matter of doubt when Hunter left Richmond (July 8, 1862).","Provides a detailed list of historical authors to read and study for a good grasp of history, and an elementary work for law,  written to Lewis as a student at the University of Virginia.","Lewis wrote to Badger April 2, 1841, concerning his application to fill the Navy agent vacancy at Pensacola, Florida. His letter was accompanied by a petition signed by friends and supporters recommending Lewis for the job. ","Also present are  letters from individuals to either President Tyler or Secretary Badger, including John M. Botts, Thomas H. Botts, Thomas Miller, and William Henry Washington, all April 1841, and a letter to Lewis from Willoughby? Newton, April 24, 1841, indicating that he has also written to the President in support. ","Since the harvest has been so good, he asks Baylor to send a contribution to help the ladies' fund extricate the local neighborhood church from indebtedness.","These letters include a warning against homesickness while away at Mrs. McGuire's Boarding School, their closeness to her through letters and travel, and news of their community and friends (October 15, 1875); gives permission for her to come home at Christmas if Etta comes home as well (December 9, 1875); a discussion about her mistakes in letter writing and family news (March 28, 1876); sends money to pay for her washing while at school and expects her uncle Henry from Baltimore to visit (December 4, 1876); his uneasiness over her health and disparaging remarks about some Negroes who supposedly stole a large amount of bacon from his meat house (January 26, 1877); sends her money to pay for his subscription to a paper and hopes to see her at Easter (February 9, 1877); and sends rules for speaking and writing, several books for her studies and family news (October 11, 1877).","In this incomplete letter, Lewis asks whether the enslaved man William arrived home safely with the items he sent from Fredericksburg. He then reflects upon the distress of the family he left behind due to the long illness and sudden death of Betty Washington Lewis Ashton? (1816-1843) and the poor helpless infants she left behind. Lewis urges Jane to not  forget to renew the supply of provisions to the enslaved people at home and to send the enslaved man William to \"Claymont\" for a cart to bring the enslaved woman Aggy home. Lewis plans to hire her out when he comes home and asks if Fielding will hire her out for him before then if he can.","His first letter speaks of his plans to educate Louisa as well as her brothers (January 22, 1843); Lewis complains about the lack of letters from Louisa while he has been in Berkeley Springs and talks about the loss of both his wife Jane and son Sam during the summer, his sorrow, and his poor health (September 3, 1849); Lewis has returned to Washington from Bath Springs and gives an account of his travels and of the family around Washington (September 6, 1849); Lewis describes his visit to his son Tom, in his camp at Petersburg, Virginia,where he found his tent to be insufficient for winter. Lewis discusses his hope for Tom's transfer to Richmond, and his introduction of Tom to Senator Collier from Petersburg. Lewis is thankful they have heard from Byrd and that he is well, since the cavalry has undergone the heaviest fighting so far. He mentions the deaths of St. Tomas Tayloe and Captain Newton, shares all the news about General Lee's front that he knows, says that he doesn't expect a decisive campaign in northern Virginia this fall and fears the loss of Tennessee, the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad and the South's saltworks. Also writes that the various quarrels between the Confederate generals could be disastrous and fears the rapid depreciation of Confederate money (October 20, 1863).","Lewis writes to Lucy while she is away visiting her mother and sister Eliza, mentions neighborhood news and refers to two enslaved servants, Brooks who is repairing the kitchen and Margaret who he has had difficulties hiring out (December 31, 1857); writing from the Richmond Senate chamber, Lewis tells of unfavorable news for the Confederacy, mentions the capture of Cumberland Gap, the burning of Bristol, the presence of seven regiments of cavalry, which were cutting off General Jones, forcing Lee to fall back to Richmond and leaving most of Virginia undefended. Lewis states that he may not be able to get home for a while and shares that the Legislature was busy drafting measures for defending the state, calling upon all men 45-60 to be enlisted, including physicians. He tells Lucy to plan on the safest place to stay should the enemy forces overrun the state (September 21, 1863). ","Lewis describes his visit to his son, Dr. Thomas Lewis, at White Post, Clarke County, for the recovery of his health, including the beauty of the Shenandoah Valley, his homesickness, meeting several persons including the Snowdens and Bishop Meade's family, his son's medical practice, his wife Maria and son, and his anxiety at not hearing from home (August 26 and September 2, 1872). ","Lewis describes a visit to Charlottesville where he was the oldest alumnus present, meeting his college friend, Governor Swann there. He mentions the speech of Senator Bayard of Delaware, dinner at Professor Minor's, the alumni dinner on the third where he sat with Johnson Barbour and heard many wonderful speakers, excepting the one by his friend Governor Swann who had previously enjoyed too much alcohol at Professor Mallet's. Professor Minor recalled Henry Byrd as a diligent student and Professor Socrates Maupin, who had served with Byrd in the 9th Virginia Cavalry, and also sent his regards (July 5, 1873).","Lewis writes to his son after a visit and says how much he misses him and Georgie, his only grandchild. Hopes that he will have a hand in his education when the time comes. States that his family is his chief comfort in old age.","Writes from \"Clifton Hill,\" Morganfield, Kentucky, as a young boy of family news (March 20, 1818); from White Sulphur Springs (January 28, 1822) and from \"Claymont\" as a grown man writing of the safe arrival of his Aunt Harriet (October 29, 1835).","Discusses in detail the recent Whig Convention and the need for the Northern part of the Whig party to honor the Compromise and enforce the laws concerning fugitive enslaved persons laws or have a different organization altogether. But Lewis also does not want to coalesce with the Democratic party. He feels that Fillmore would come the nearest of getting the Virginia vote.","Lewis thanks her for her beautiful New Year's gift.","Lewis discusses in detail the possibility of increasing Henry Clay's popularity in Virginia and other political details.","Henry writes a brief letter to his sister Louisa who is away at school and staying with the Millers, which includes a long postscript from George Washington Lewis to his daughter (March 28, 1846).Henry Lewis writes to George Washington Lewis from Camp Hooe? to acknowledge his father's letter and the sword that he sent him. Henry describes the life of a soldier while on duty guarding the Point, which is about six miles from Winsor, standing picket duty for 24 hours at a time and camping rough with only brush and planks as protection from the weather and subject to annoyance from ticks, chiggers, mosquitoes, and other insects. He also mentions the complaining in camp, lack of discipline in the ranks and lack of fortification with cannon on the Point. He mentions that he is part of the 47th Regiment under Lt. Colonel William Green,and he predicts a long and severe war (July 10, 1861).","Characterizes his most recent voyage as disagreeable and uninteresting. The purpose of the voyage was to transport Commodore Dallas to Chagres in New Granada, where he then made his way across the Isthmus of Panama to his new ship on the Pacific side, accompanied by Murat Willis. His ship remained in Chagres for two months and Lewis describes the area, its people of mixed ancestry, the long rainy season, unhealthy conditions, the presence of leprosy, and luxuriant vegetation. Later they sailed for Kingston, Jamaica, with English officers as passengers who showed them hospitality. Lord Elgin and Kincardine (1811-1863) was the Governor of the island. Afterwards they returned to Chagres and then home.","Henry H. Lewis writes concerning family genealogy and news. He also mentions his health issues and issues invitations to visit.","Jane Lewis writes to her daughter Louisa who is staying with her uncle Dr. Thomas Miller and Aunt Virginia Miller (1844) and William Miller (1846) while attending school in Washington. She includes news of the family and neighborhood.","Louisa Lewis writes her father concerning her tuiton bill at Mrs. I.H. Bure's? dated November 25, 1845.","\tNote on the letter says that Lucy was visiting her cousin Ella Waring at \"Malverne,\" Essex County, Virginia, while her father was in the Senate in Richmond. ","She regrets his worry over reports of the Yankee visit to their neighborhood while he was away. She assures him that the accounts were exaggerated and that the Yankees have departed after taking as many horses as they could capture, around sixty. Infantry were landed from gunboats which took off grain. \"They only had pickets posted at the forks of the roads above Claymont.\" She then gave him as much news about friends and family that she could.","He writes a practice letter as a child to his mother and mentions a visit from Mr. Burke and his own desire to go out hunting chestnuts.","She writes while he is away for schooling, praises him for his progress in learning and promises to send both her sons money when they have some.","Assures her mother that all are well after their arrival at Willis Hill a week ago but are anxious to hear how everyone is at Port Royal. She complains that she has not received any letters from the girls since their return from \"Albany.\" She mentions that John and Eliza go to school in town with Miss Judy Clark.","Thomas wishes his sister would come home since he misses her, mentions sickness in the family, schooling while at home, and news of friends and relatives. Includes a note from her father, George Washington Lewis as well (November 24, 1845).","A very long letter full of genealogical questions to answer and supplying some information about the Lewis family in the United States. Lewis noted on the letter that he answered it on May 10, 1858, referring him to Bishop Meade's book and John Minor.","Notifies him that his father, brother, and family arrived safely in good health, except for Major Lewis who is suffering from gout. He has delivered the enslaved man John to the recipient's brother Sam in Weedon Lick, Union County, Kentucky, according to the instructions in his letter. About the enslaved man John, Lewis writes \"John is very much averse to returning to Virginia. In fact, he says he had rather die than return.\" Because of this, the recipient's father has suggested that his brother Sam is willing to purchase him and send him enough money to buy another enslaved person to replace John.","Includes four letters, chiefly of a social nature, one from an Aunt Maria to Mrs. George W. Lewis (1845 November 9); one from a child describing school activities, signed with initials only (1877 December); \"Your loving sister Millie, Nestledown, to \"My dear Aunt Lou?, (1887 August 30); and Ella B. Waring?, Glencom?, to her cousin  (undated).","John [Tayloe] Lomax (1781-1862?) writes to President John Tyler, recommending George Washington Lewis to be the Navy Agent at Pensacola, Florida (1841 April 22) and to George Washington Lewis about the inquiry of Lewis about the qualifications for Commonwealth's Attorney (1852 June 11 and July 13).","Marye sympathizes with his lament about the passing away of the former notable men in the legal profession and the loss of character among its participants, and corrects Lewis's misunderstanding about a point he made about manumission, recommending a pamphlet by John Howard of Richmond.","Lewis agrees with Matthews that the accusation that his friend Mr. Hunter gambled while attending at the March Court in Westmoreland County in order to give a speech was entirely false and furnishes his own recollection of the occasion.","Mayo thanks Lewis for his good opinion of his recently instituted newspaper, copies of which he had sent out as advertising to several of his friends in the Northern Neck area of Virginia.","Miller requests an autograph of George Washington for a friend, comments upon the lack of interesting bills before Congress, except for the Judiciary bill concerning the local district, and tells of meeting Lewis' daughter as part of the \"Marmion\" wedding party (January 1, 1855); shares his suggestion that Thomas, the son of George Washington Lewis, could work with him in the infirmary, putting up medicines and attending patients, and still attend to his studies for fifty dollars per annum (September 22, 1855); informs Lewis that due to the conditions at his school, Miller has advised Thomas Lewis to go to study at the medical school in Philadelphia right away and has loaned him the medical text books from his office, and he is to be accompanied by Ashton; he is also deeply distressed and mortified by William's behavior; and asks about politics in his area, mentioning several possible outcomes for the Presidential race (September 12, 1856).","Writes a condolence letter upon the death of Lucy's husband, George Washington Lewis.","Minor thanks him for the arrival of the books and analyzes an article that Lewis wrote for a newspaper. The quality of the article would have made it more appropriate for a Review and it would have been more appreciated (June 24, 1848). Minor also requests information about a legal case, Belfield vs Vickers, where Lewis represents the defendant (June 27, 1848). He also asks if he knows of an authoritative account of the family of George Washington (January 26, 1858 and undated). Minor sends Lewis information on how to request an insurance policy on his house (February 2, 1858).","Both men write for Lewis to support the \"Right of Way\" bill by writing letters to representatives in the Legislature.","Patton discusses the legal case Mcfarlane vs Smith involving the seizure of enslaved persons by Smith and Patton's lack of interest in politics (May 13, 1834); Patton's opinion in regard to a will (December 1, 1835); he expresses his willingness to apply for an appeal in the case referred to by Lewis, but he has not received any information about it (October 16, 1846); supplies information about the case, Young vs Johnson (January 27, 1854); and his opinion about the revival of suits of unlawful detainer in Tennent vs Pipers (July 22, incomplete letter).","Pendleton asks Lewis to support fellow Whig, James F. Matthew of Rappahannock for Speaker in the House of Delegates (September 1847). He also asks for Lewis' support if he is offered a position in the Foreign Diplomatic Service by the current Secretary of state (November 8, 1850).","Asks Lewis to come and visit him.","Rives thanks Lewis for his kind words about Rives' speech on the Tariff and the views of Lewis about national policy and the presidential election expressed in his letter; writes enthusiastically about Henry Clay, the Whig candidate for President; and the possible support of New York for Clay's election (1844 October 21); in a draft copy, Lewis writes to Rives, who is as one of the Visitors at the University of Virginia, recommending James C. Welling for the Chair of History and General Literature, with his qualifications (1856 December 8); while no longer a Visitor at the University of Virginia, Rives writes that he has placed the recommendation of Lewis, with his own support for Welling, before the Rector (1856 December 8).","Describes in great detail her visit to physicians in Philadelphia, their diagnosis of ovarian dropsy, her successful operation and recovery.","Asks Lewis to support his brother-in-law, Edward S. Joynes for the appointment of professor of Greek and Latin at William and Mary if Mr. Barnwell has indeed turned down the appointment.","The Virginia Whig state convention has just come to its conclusion, with Mr. Fillmore as the first choice of the majority instead of General Winfield Scott who had not come out in favor of \"the Compromise.\" The writer is afraid of a possible break with the northern branch of the Whig party due to their agitation against enslavement and support of \"free soil.\" (April 17, 1852); George Washington Lewis responds that he has been very busy with his court duties but has read and approves of all the resolutions. Lewis also hopes that the North will be \"compelled to execute the fugitive slave law faithfully and energetically\" and opposes any movement of the Virginia Whigs to unite with the Democrats (1852 May 7).","Recommends his nephew, Edwin Taliaferro, for the Chair of Modern Languages at William and Mary College, with his qualifications (1858 May 19) and Lewis, as the newest member of the Board of Visitors there, suggests having associates and friends from the Richmond area also forward recommendations on Taliaferro's behalf (1858 May 22).","Asks if Lewis will write editorials for his newspaper in return for free issues and discusses the upcoming Democratic? Convention in Baltimore, Maryland, with Andrew Stevenson (1784-1857) as their speaker, to nominate a presidential candidate for the 1848? election.","Sheffey writes to Dangerfield Lewis and his brother, Samuel Lewis, concerning the possibility of recovering lands presently in the state of Kentucky patented to his father, George Lewis, for a fee. The lands had been forfeited due to non-payment of taxes.","Declines to interfere in the selection of clerks for the various bureaus under his authority, concerning the request by Colonel Hungerford for an appointment. Lewis had sent a recommendation for Hungerford to Stuart.","Stuart sends Jim, probably an enslaved worker who is anxious to see his family, to Lewis. Jim travels by horse due to the bad condition of the roads. He will delay his own visit, as his own children have the mumps. He also thanks Lewis for the speech he has sent for his boys to study when they are older.","Tayloe offers to read his essay before Lewis submits it to the Virginia State Agricultural Society for publication (October 14, 1854). He also discusses the date and concerns of an upcoming meeting of the Board of Visitors at William and Mary College (1858 May 21).","Includes two letters, the first from Alice Maria Lewis Wallace to her sister, \"Lulu\" Louise Lewis? (1873 November 24) and the second an undated draft of her letter to Captain Sooley? about Lewis family history.","If Lewis plans on attending the next Richmond County Court, Washington asks Lewis if he will take down the enclose bond of David B. Taylor and get the money from him. He also asks if Lewis will give an enclosed letter to Thomas S. Waugh which includes a check.","Washington describes his visit to Virginia with Mr. Turner and recalls pleasant memories involving Lewis. He also described the recent visit of Washington Irving to his home where Irving viewed several George Washington documents in his possession (1855 January 5). Regrets his illness has prevented his presence at a meeting with the Governor of Virginia to discuss the arrangements for \"embellishing\" the birthplace of George Washington and the tomb of his ancestors and a visit with Lewis at his home. He also requests on behalf of his friend, Mr. Turner, that Lewis give Turner the letter from George Washington to Turner's grandfather thanking him for a present of two pistols. In return, Washington promises to send Lewis a letter from Major George Lewis to his uncle, George Washington, endorsed on the back by Washington in his own hand (1858 May 10).","Washington forwards a letter from a woman to himself, in case Lewis can help her with information that he is unable to provide. The letter from the woman is not present.","Regrets that he is unable to attend the wedding of Lewis, due to pressing business in Washington (1856 May 9). Asks for Lewis' letter of support before the Board of Visitors in his nomination as Chair of Literature and History (1856 November 7) which draft copy is present (1856 November 27). Welling thanks Lewis for his support but has received word that the majority of the Board of Visitors support Professor Holmes for the position (1856 December 5); declines to publish his satiric piece on the Patent Office in \"The National Intelligencer\" for fear it will be used against Mr. Brown himself, urging his removal from office. He also noted that the \"Crittenden amendment\" prevailed in the House of Representatives on April 1st. (1858 March 31-April 1); thanks Lewis for his political piece that Welling will publish in tomorrow's paper and reveals that he is the author of the \"Calm Appeal\" addressed to the people of New Jersey and Pennsylvania about the political relations between North and South; mentions his distress at learning Dr. Wirt, Dabney Wirt and Mr. Wilson do not support the John Bell and Edward Everett Constitutional Union Party ticket (1860 August 24); and mentions the \"Peace Conference\" and his opinion of Abraham Lincoln's Cabinet members (1861 March 8).","Willis writes following the death of his wife, Mary W. Lewis Willis (1782-1834) about a guardianship for his son, Achille Murat Willis (1827-1908).","Commends his friend, William S. Pawson, Commission Merchant, Baltimore, to Lewis, as an experienced man of the highest respectability and standing, March 31, 1843, accompanying a letter from Pawson himself, June 22, 1843, explaining why he has not yet visited in person and that his chief area of business in Virginia was selling grain from the Eastern Shore.","Mary discusses the Civil War activity in her state of Kentucky where forces had already begun to break the neutrality established by the governor. She mentions hostile forces under Union General Johnson near Paducah, Kentucky and forces under Confederate General Leonidas Polk; the arrest of ex-Governor Charles S. Morehead and other prominent men; and the numbers of local men who have left the county to join the Confederate army. They have plenty of food but clothing and other goods are hard to get and they are making do with old clothes thought past mending. Mary has also sold eggs for the first time and bought a lamp made in Pittsburgh.","Lewis recorded, in an \"Richardson's Virginia and North Carolina Almanac for 1849,\" agricultural details, church services, weather, the death of his son, Sam, at 13 years on July 1, 1849, and his wife Jane, on July 31, 1849; He also noted that Thomas left for school at Mr. Cameron's at King George Courthouse in September and Harry to Rappahannock Academy in October. Also the printed portions listed judges and elected government officials.","This includes two financial documents; an engraving of \"Memorials of Washington\"; a torn printed page about George Washington; a copy of a news clipping about Lewis genealogy; a Civil War document granting permission for 48 hour leave to Captain? Lewis (December 28, 1864); a legal agreement between George Washington Lewis and Riley G. Samuel (March 16, 1874), for the recovery and sale of Green River land in Kentucky; a copy of a childhood poem by Alice Lewis; a writing by George Washington Lewis, giving his opinion about Lord Macauley and his work, to his daughter Alice; and a single used three-cent stamp featuring George Washington.","The memorandum discusses his lack of knowledge about the Spencer Estate in Great Britain. He also promises to send some of his printed essays for her scrapbook and closes with a postscript about the death of her Uncle, Fielding.","Photographs of the Lewis family include: Robert Byrd Lewis and his wife, Laura Louisa Parran Lewis; George Lewis (son of Dr. Thomas M. Lewis) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (daughter of GWL); Henry Howell Lewis (brother of GWL), copy made in 1966; Mrs. Oliver Funsten, Lucy Lewis (daughter of GWL), copy made in 1966; \"Claymont\" home of Judge George W. Lewis and family; Judge George Washington Lewis; Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862) son of GWL; cartes-de-visite of Robert Byrd Lewis; Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (son of GWL), copy made in 1966. Also includes a photograph of the coat of arms and motto of the Lewis family.","Paper copies of photographs include one of \"Shellfield,\" home of Samuel Lewis and birthplace of George W. Lewis; \"Marmion,\" home of Daingerfield Lewis, King George County, Virginia, taken 1904 by Lucy Lewis Funsten; and a \"View from the front porch of \"Claymont,\" home of Judge George Washington Lewis, Westmoreland County, Virginia, taken by Lucy Lewis Funsten, July 1906.","This is a hand-written copy of a letter purporting to have been left by Jesus Christ sixty-five years after his crucifixion and found under a stone, 18 miles from Jerusalem. Judith W. Lewis sent this copy to her friend for inspirational purposes.","This collection is open for research.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16413","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/965"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Washington Lewis papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["George Washington Lewis papers"],"collection_ssim":["George Washington Lewis papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Lewis family"],"geogname_ssim":["Lewis family"],"creator_ssm":["Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"creator_ssim":["Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"creators_ssim":["Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"places_ssim":["Lewis family"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection is open for research."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the University of Virginia Special Collections Library by Betty Works Fuller, a descendant of George Washington Lewis, on April 5, 2018. These papers were received by Lucy Robb Winston Works (1916-2016) from several members of her family and she preserved them as a collection."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","enslavement","enslaved persons","Politics and government","Manuscripts (documents)","photographs","letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","enslavement","enslaved persons","Politics and government","Manuscripts (documents)","photographs","letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good."],"extent_ssm":[".75 Cubic Feet 2 boxes; 1 legal document box and 1 half-size legal document box."],"extent_tesim":[".75 Cubic Feet 2 boxes; 1 legal document box and 1 half-size legal document box."],"physfacet_tesim":["Roughly 0.75 cubic feet\n of material  "],"genreform_ssim":["Manuscripts (documents)","photographs","letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been arranged in two series, Correspondence and the Lewis family miscellany files. The correspondence is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the correspondent.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection has been arranged in two series, Correspondence and the Lewis family miscellany files. The correspondence is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the correspondent."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJudge George Washington Lewis (1803/4-1879) was born at \"Shellfield,\" Colonial Beach, Virginia, and died at \"Claymont,\" Westmoreland County, Virginia, the son of Samuel Lewis (1780-1840) and Sarah Attaway Miller (1785-1822) and grandson of George Lewis (1757-1821) and Catherine Daingerfield (1784-1820). Lewis was a lawyer, educated at the University of Virginia. He was married first to Jane Brockenbrough Lewis (1810-1849) and they had six children: Anna Louisa Lewis (1830-1897); Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862); Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (1833-1910); Samuel Lewis (1836-1849); Robert Byrd Lewis (1841-1897) and Lucy Pratt Lewis Funsten (1844-1909). His second wife was Lucy Anne Robb (1823-1891) and they had two children, Jane Vivian Lewis Long (1858-1931) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (1861-190).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrancis Burt served in the South Carolina General Assembly for twelve years, 1832-1844. In 1853 he was appointed an auditor at the U.S. Treasury Department. In 1854, Burt was selected by President Pierce as the first Governor of the Nebraska Territory but died just a few days after taking the oath of office.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs shown in these three letters, \"In 1846 and again ten years later there were efforts to pull Carter out of political retirement, the first time as Whig nominee for the State Senate, the second as Union Candidates for Congress (Virginia's 8th District). In each instance Carter politely but firmly declined to be a candidate. See, for example, his letter to the \"Richmond Whig\", July 21, 1856\" (quoted from a note from the finding aid for MSS 1959, -a, -c in UVA Special Collections).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry Bankhead Lewis was killed in the Battle of Seven Pines, May 31-June 1, 1862.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondent was probably Mary Willis Lewis (1812-1886), daughter of Major Samuel Lewis, who married John Casey, Union, Kentucky, in 1829. The recipient is probably her brother, George Washington Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to a Wikipedia article about Kentucky in the Civil War, \"Kentucky was a border state of key importance in the American Civil War. It officially declared its neutrality at the beginning of the war, but after a failed attempt by Confederate General Leonidas Polk to take the state of Kentucky for the Confederacy, the legislature petitioned the Union Army for assistance.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Judge George Washington Lewis (1803/4-1879) was born at \"Shellfield,\" Colonial Beach, Virginia, and died at \"Claymont,\" Westmoreland County, Virginia, the son of Samuel Lewis (1780-1840) and Sarah Attaway Miller (1785-1822) and grandson of George Lewis (1757-1821) and Catherine Daingerfield (1784-1820). Lewis was a lawyer, educated at the University of Virginia. He was married first to Jane Brockenbrough Lewis (1810-1849) and they had six children: Anna Louisa Lewis (1830-1897); Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862); Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (1833-1910); Samuel Lewis (1836-1849); Robert Byrd Lewis (1841-1897) and Lucy Pratt Lewis Funsten (1844-1909). His second wife was Lucy Anne Robb (1823-1891) and they had two children, Jane Vivian Lewis Long (1858-1931) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (1861-190).","Francis Burt served in the South Carolina General Assembly for twelve years, 1832-1844. In 1853 he was appointed an auditor at the U.S. Treasury Department. In 1854, Burt was selected by President Pierce as the first Governor of the Nebraska Territory but died just a few days after taking the oath of office.","As shown in these three letters, \"In 1846 and again ten years later there were efforts to pull Carter out of political retirement, the first time as Whig nominee for the State Senate, the second as Union Candidates for Congress (Virginia's 8th District). In each instance Carter politely but firmly declined to be a candidate. See, for example, his letter to the \"Richmond Whig\", July 21, 1856\" (quoted from a note from the finding aid for MSS 1959, -a, -c in UVA Special Collections).","Henry Bankhead Lewis was killed in the Battle of Seven Pines, May 31-June 1, 1862.","The correspondent was probably Mary Willis Lewis (1812-1886), daughter of Major Samuel Lewis, who married John Casey, Union, Kentucky, in 1829. The recipient is probably her brother, George Washington Lewis.","According to a Wikipedia article about Kentucky in the Civil War, \"Kentucky was a border state of key importance in the American Civil War. It officially declared its neutrality at the beginning of the war, but after a failed attempt by Confederate General Leonidas Polk to take the state of Kentucky for the Confederacy, the legislature petitioned the Union Army for assistance.\""],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis material contains racist language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning"],"odd_tesim":["This material contains racist language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese copies were made presumably by Lucy Lewis Funsten and the location of originals are unknown.\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["These copies were made presumably by Lucy Lewis Funsten and the location of originals are unknown."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Washington Lewis papers, MSS 16413, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["George Washington Lewis papers, MSS 16413, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe George Washington Lewis papers consists chiefly of correspondence to and from George Washington Lewis and between other family members, but also includes a few photographs of the Lewis family and the homes of \"Claymont\", \"Shellfield\" and \"Marmion\"; a plat of \"Claymont\"; newsclippings; notes on Lewis family history and genealogy; and a few financial and legal documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBayly discusses the handling of the case of Molly Butler and his lack of time for correspondence due to his work on the Foreign Affairs Committee and his poor health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is a letter of condolence upon the death of George Washington Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSends a note saying that Willis and family have been delayed due to an accident to their carriage and sends personal regards from Mary Berkeley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrockenbrough welcomes \"the young Mr. McDaniel\" recommended by Lewis into his class at the Lexington Law School for instruction and has sent him one of his Law School circulars.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBurke sends a brief note about the life of Fielding Lewis and refers to the \"Samoan disaster\" account in \"The Washington Post.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe writes that he is forwarding the amount owed for the pension of Molly Butler up to her death on June 13, 1852, through Representative Bayly to George Washington Lewis, who is the administrator of Butler's estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCameron requests a letter of recommendation from Lewis for the recently created position of Chair of Greek and Hebrew at the University of Virginia, August 4, 1856. In his second letter, June 23, 1857, Princeton, New Jersey, he shares his plans to sail for Europe in a week, where he will spend about a year to travel and study.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Campbell writes in great detail about the settlement of the estate of the father of Samuel Lewis, the claims of Lewis for enslaved persons willed to him by his father and a reference to others captured by the British (during the War of 1812?) and the need to secure the future of \"Bushfield Plantation\" which will have to be sold.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSupplies the names of two merchant tailors, Charles H. Lane and William Tucker, that he had omitted in his previous letter (not present), for their legal claim against Mastin Davis?, that he is sending to Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Armistead Carter writes to Lewis for help with business arrangements with tenants on his property near Lewis, especially in collecting the rent from Mr. Baker. This concern continues into his second letter, where he responds to the information sent to him by Lewis, but he also discusses the possible sale of one of his enslaved men, William, who is around 41 years old. William's enslaved brother, Enoch, is a few years older and belongs to E. Conway. Carter asks Lewis to tell him what he can get for him, if he can find a good master, as \"I would not sell him to the traders.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe tries to cheer up Lewis in political matters, urging all leaders to promote education and express a sympathic attitude of helpfulness to the masses, with a regular and efficent system of government. He also writes about his religious views at length. Carter returns to political topics, declaring that he is not a candidate himself. Carter served in the Virginia House of Delegates both before and after the Civil War, representing the Loudoun district.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarter, while declining to be a candidate for political office, expresses grave concern over the recent action by the United States, termed by him the \"rapid acquisition of foreign territory by the proclamation of our royal masters pro-consuls? What has become of the Constitution, and those who were so zealous in its defense?\" in his letter of December 10, 1846. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn his letter, March 26, 1857, he protests the creation of abolitionist territories and states from public lands by Congress without reference to specific documents or acts, dates and the amounts of such lands transferred from the \"common treasury\" and the resulting disadvantages to the \"old states\" as a result. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe third letter continues the discussion about the territories, their constitutions, and their eventual admission to the United States, his surprise over the recent election in Kansas on the slavery provision in their constitution, and the lack of interesting bills in the Legislature (1858 January 2).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAgrees with the apprehensive assessment of Lewis about the state of domestic relations in the United States and abroad but fears the worst situation is at home. He points to the \"spring occurrences in Kansas\" and fears that the consequences will be dire. He also believes that \"the North will send men, money and arms\" to Kansas to promote a \"bloody collision.\" Casey writes that he believes that the Martin Van Buren platform of 1848 laid the groundwork for the current state of things, interrupted briefly by the Compromise of 1850-1851. He believes that the only ones to benefit from the \"Know Nothing\" party will be the \"Black Republicans.\" He closes with personal regards and news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTells Lewis that the proposition contained in the last two letters from Lewis to him cannot be pushed through the General Assembly at the end of the session because almost everyone has gone home. A similar proposal faced opposition during the session. Claybrook says that Chairman Pendleton has promised to pursue it in the next session in the winter. He also refers to the passage of a bill in the House on March 4th concerning the escape of fugitive enslaved persons and \"the rights and disabilities of free negroes.\" Claybrook also writes in detail about the prospects of Millard Fillmore and other candidates for the Presidential election and disagrees with Lewis that the Union is in danger.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDavis agrees to take up the lawsuit of Carter v. Taylor, should the pending negotiations fail.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDickinson represents two sisters, Mrs. Gray and Mrs. Bankhead, in the sale of three fourths of a tract of land in Caroline County. He writes to Daingerfield Lewis as the executor of George Lewis, who was owner of one of the fourths of the tract of land. He asks if Lewis will commit to a division of the tract or agree to a sale of the land as a unit and asks him to send written instructions in his role as the executor of George Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsks for advice from Lewis on how to best present his proposal for the James River and Kanawha Canal before the Legislature in his first letter and thanks him for his advice in his second letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdward Everett,  May 26, 1860, thanks Lewis for sending him one of George Washington's autograph letters which he terms \"a precious relic.\" With Everett's letter is a hand-written draft copy of G.W. Lewis' original letter, May 24, 1860, sent to Edward Everett when he mailed the Washington letter as an enclosure. In that letter, he expresses a great deal of appreciation for Everett's character and political career.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Stoddert Ewell, president of William and Mary, writes concerning the college fees and progress of Robert Byrd Lewis, the son of George Washington Lewis, as a student at William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eForbes is running for office as a Whig candidate against Mr. Holladay and attempts to explain to Lewis and other voters why he is speaking at the Spotsylvania Court House instead of the Westmoreland Court House. In his second letter, Forbes expresses his opposition to the Northern men who are trying to enforce their anti-slavery views in the Territories and using direct taxation upon enslaved persons to attempt to bring about the destruction of the practice of enslavement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeclines to publish an article by Lewis in its present form which criticizes a sculpture by Horatio Greenough. Greenough was just recently deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGodfrey requests any information about Captain George Lewis (1757-1821), an officer in the Commander-in-Chief's Guard, and his family, or a likeness or image of Lewis, for his book \"The Commander-in-Chief's Guard, Revolutionary War\" (1902); thanks her for allowing him to photograph the payroll of Captain Lewis' troop, which is the only one in existence and warns her about the need for its care, also sharing the interest of Mr. Ford, Library of Congress, in its purchase (January 8, 1903).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncloses a letter (not present) from their mutual friend, Henry P. Irving of Richmond, Virginia, and expresses the hope of still meeting Lewis before leaving the county.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDespite his loss in the recent political contest, Goggin is thankful for the formation of new friendships and the renewal of old friendships, none more than his with Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites a detailed letter about the Lewis genealogy in the United States and explains why he cannot use her Lewis data in his book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExpresses his concern that Lewis had not received his second letter containing the papers which he returned since nothing more could be done with them at his office and he was afraid he would misplace them (April 6, 1846). Hunter plans on sending a letter to Confederate President Jefferson Davis with the valuable information that Lewis has sent. The Virginia generals expect the enemy to send troops from Fredericksburg to General George McClellan but will not know it until they receive the news through Lewis. He believes that McClellan is probably preparing for another effort but where he will re-organize his forces was a matter of doubt when Hunter left Richmond (July 8, 1862).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProvides a detailed list of historical authors to read and study for a good grasp of history, and an elementary work for law,  written to Lewis as a student at the University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis wrote to Badger April 2, 1841, concerning his application to fill the Navy agent vacancy at Pensacola, Florida. His letter was accompanied by a petition signed by friends and supporters recommending Lewis for the job. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso present are  letters from individuals to either President Tyler or Secretary Badger, including John M. Botts, Thomas H. Botts, Thomas Miller, and William Henry Washington, all April 1841, and a letter to Lewis from Willoughby? Newton, April 24, 1841, indicating that he has also written to the President in support. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSince the harvest has been so good, he asks Baylor to send a contribution to help the ladies' fund extricate the local neighborhood church from indebtedness.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese letters include a warning against homesickness while away at Mrs. McGuire's Boarding School, their closeness to her through letters and travel, and news of their community and friends (October 15, 1875); gives permission for her to come home at Christmas if Etta comes home as well (December 9, 1875); a discussion about her mistakes in letter writing and family news (March 28, 1876); sends money to pay for her washing while at school and expects her uncle Henry from Baltimore to visit (December 4, 1876); his uneasiness over her health and disparaging remarks about some Negroes who supposedly stole a large amount of bacon from his meat house (January 26, 1877); sends her money to pay for his subscription to a paper and hopes to see her at Easter (February 9, 1877); and sends rules for speaking and writing, several books for her studies and family news (October 11, 1877).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this incomplete letter, Lewis asks whether the enslaved man William arrived home safely with the items he sent from Fredericksburg. He then reflects upon the distress of the family he left behind due to the long illness and sudden death of Betty Washington Lewis Ashton? (1816-1843) and the poor helpless infants she left behind. Lewis urges Jane to not  forget to renew the supply of provisions to the enslaved people at home and to send the enslaved man William to \"Claymont\" for a cart to bring the enslaved woman Aggy home. Lewis plans to hire her out when he comes home and asks if Fielding will hire her out for him before then if he can.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHis first letter speaks of his plans to educate Louisa as well as her brothers (January 22, 1843); Lewis complains about the lack of letters from Louisa while he has been in Berkeley Springs and talks about the loss of both his wife Jane and son Sam during the summer, his sorrow, and his poor health (September 3, 1849); Lewis has returned to Washington from Bath Springs and gives an account of his travels and of the family around Washington (September 6, 1849); Lewis describes his visit to his son Tom, in his camp at Petersburg, Virginia,where he found his tent to be insufficient for winter. Lewis discusses his hope for Tom's transfer to Richmond, and his introduction of Tom to Senator Collier from Petersburg. Lewis is thankful they have heard from Byrd and that he is well, since the cavalry has undergone the heaviest fighting so far. He mentions the deaths of St. Tomas Tayloe and Captain Newton, shares all the news about General Lee's front that he knows, says that he doesn't expect a decisive campaign in northern Virginia this fall and fears the loss of Tennessee, the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad and the South's saltworks. Also writes that the various quarrels between the Confederate generals could be disastrous and fears the rapid depreciation of Confederate money (October 20, 1863).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis writes to Lucy while she is away visiting her mother and sister Eliza, mentions neighborhood news and refers to two enslaved servants, Brooks who is repairing the kitchen and Margaret who he has had difficulties hiring out (December 31, 1857); writing from the Richmond Senate chamber, Lewis tells of unfavorable news for the Confederacy, mentions the capture of Cumberland Gap, the burning of Bristol, the presence of seven regiments of cavalry, which were cutting off General Jones, forcing Lee to fall back to Richmond and leaving most of Virginia undefended. Lewis states that he may not be able to get home for a while and shares that the Legislature was busy drafting measures for defending the state, calling upon all men 45-60 to be enlisted, including physicians. He tells Lucy to plan on the safest place to stay should the enemy forces overrun the state (September 21, 1863). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLewis describes his visit to his son, Dr. Thomas Lewis, at White Post, Clarke County, for the recovery of his health, including the beauty of the Shenandoah Valley, his homesickness, meeting several persons including the Snowdens and Bishop Meade's family, his son's medical practice, his wife Maria and son, and his anxiety at not hearing from home (August 26 and September 2, 1872). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLewis describes a visit to Charlottesville where he was the oldest alumnus present, meeting his college friend, Governor Swann there. He mentions the speech of Senator Bayard of Delaware, dinner at Professor Minor's, the alumni dinner on the third where he sat with Johnson Barbour and heard many wonderful speakers, excepting the one by his friend Governor Swann who had previously enjoyed too much alcohol at Professor Mallet's. Professor Minor recalled Henry Byrd as a diligent student and Professor Socrates Maupin, who had served with Byrd in the 9th Virginia Cavalry, and also sent his regards (July 5, 1873).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis writes to his son after a visit and says how much he misses him and Georgie, his only grandchild. Hopes that he will have a hand in his education when the time comes. States that his family is his chief comfort in old age.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites from \"Clifton Hill,\" Morganfield, Kentucky, as a young boy of family news (March 20, 1818); from White Sulphur Springs (January 28, 1822) and from \"Claymont\" as a grown man writing of the safe arrival of his Aunt Harriet (October 29, 1835).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses in detail the recent Whig Convention and the need for the Northern part of the Whig party to honor the Compromise and enforce the laws concerning fugitive enslaved persons laws or have a different organization altogether. But Lewis also does not want to coalesce with the Democratic party. He feels that Fillmore would come the nearest of getting the Virginia vote.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis thanks her for her beautiful New Year's gift.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis discusses in detail the possibility of increasing Henry Clay's popularity in Virginia and other political details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry writes a brief letter to his sister Louisa who is away at school and staying with the Millers, which includes a long postscript from George Washington Lewis to his daughter (March 28, 1846).Henry Lewis writes to George Washington Lewis from Camp Hooe? to acknowledge his father's letter and the sword that he sent him. Henry describes the life of a soldier while on duty guarding the Point, which is about six miles from Winsor, standing picket duty for 24 hours at a time and camping rough with only brush and planks as protection from the weather and subject to annoyance from ticks, chiggers, mosquitoes, and other insects. He also mentions the complaining in camp, lack of discipline in the ranks and lack of fortification with cannon on the Point. He mentions that he is part of the 47th Regiment under Lt. Colonel William Green,and he predicts a long and severe war (July 10, 1861).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharacterizes his most recent voyage as disagreeable and uninteresting. The purpose of the voyage was to transport Commodore Dallas to Chagres in New Granada, where he then made his way across the Isthmus of Panama to his new ship on the Pacific side, accompanied by Murat Willis. His ship remained in Chagres for two months and Lewis describes the area, its people of mixed ancestry, the long rainy season, unhealthy conditions, the presence of leprosy, and luxuriant vegetation. Later they sailed for Kingston, Jamaica, with English officers as passengers who showed them hospitality. Lord Elgin and Kincardine (1811-1863) was the Governor of the island. Afterwards they returned to Chagres and then home.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry H. Lewis writes concerning family genealogy and news. He also mentions his health issues and issues invitations to visit.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJane Lewis writes to her daughter Louisa who is staying with her uncle Dr. Thomas Miller and Aunt Virginia Miller (1844) and William Miller (1846) while attending school in Washington. She includes news of the family and neighborhood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLouisa Lewis writes her father concerning her tuiton bill at Mrs. I.H. Bure's? dated November 25, 1845.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\tNote on the letter says that Lucy was visiting her cousin Ella Waring at \"Malverne,\" Essex County, Virginia, while her father was in the Senate in Richmond. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShe regrets his worry over reports of the Yankee visit to their neighborhood while he was away. She assures him that the accounts were exaggerated and that the Yankees have departed after taking as many horses as they could capture, around sixty. Infantry were landed from gunboats which took off grain. \"They only had pickets posted at the forks of the roads above Claymont.\" She then gave him as much news about friends and family that she could.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe writes a practice letter as a child to his mother and mentions a visit from Mr. Burke and his own desire to go out hunting chestnuts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShe writes while he is away for schooling, praises him for his progress in learning and promises to send both her sons money when they have some.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAssures her mother that all are well after their arrival at Willis Hill a week ago but are anxious to hear how everyone is at Port Royal. She complains that she has not received any letters from the girls since their return from \"Albany.\" She mentions that John and Eliza go to school in town with Miss Judy Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThomas wishes his sister would come home since he misses her, mentions sickness in the family, schooling while at home, and news of friends and relatives. Includes a note from her father, George Washington Lewis as well (November 24, 1845).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA very long letter full of genealogical questions to answer and supplying some information about the Lewis family in the United States. Lewis noted on the letter that he answered it on May 10, 1858, referring him to Bishop Meade's book and John Minor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotifies him that his father, brother, and family arrived safely in good health, except for Major Lewis who is suffering from gout. He has delivered the enslaved man John to the recipient's brother Sam in Weedon Lick, Union County, Kentucky, according to the instructions in his letter. About the enslaved man John, Lewis writes \"John is very much averse to returning to Virginia. In fact, he says he had rather die than return.\" Because of this, the recipient's father has suggested that his brother Sam is willing to purchase him and send him enough money to buy another enslaved person to replace John.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes four letters, chiefly of a social nature, one from an Aunt Maria to Mrs. George W. Lewis (1845 November 9); one from a child describing school activities, signed with initials only (1877 December); \"Your loving sister Millie, Nestledown, to \"My dear Aunt Lou?, (1887 August 30); and Ella B. Waring?, Glencom?, to her cousin  (undated).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn [Tayloe] Lomax (1781-1862?) writes to President John Tyler, recommending George Washington Lewis to be the Navy Agent at Pensacola, Florida (1841 April 22) and to George Washington Lewis about the inquiry of Lewis about the qualifications for Commonwealth's Attorney (1852 June 11 and July 13).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarye sympathizes with his lament about the passing away of the former notable men in the legal profession and the loss of character among its participants, and corrects Lewis's misunderstanding about a point he made about manumission, recommending a pamphlet by John Howard of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis agrees with Matthews that the accusation that his friend Mr. Hunter gambled while attending at the March Court in Westmoreland County in order to give a speech was entirely false and furnishes his own recollection of the occasion.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMayo thanks Lewis for his good opinion of his recently instituted newspaper, copies of which he had sent out as advertising to several of his friends in the Northern Neck area of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiller requests an autograph of George Washington for a friend, comments upon the lack of interesting bills before Congress, except for the Judiciary bill concerning the local district, and tells of meeting Lewis' daughter as part of the \"Marmion\" wedding party (January 1, 1855); shares his suggestion that Thomas, the son of George Washington Lewis, could work with him in the infirmary, putting up medicines and attending patients, and still attend to his studies for fifty dollars per annum (September 22, 1855); informs Lewis that due to the conditions at his school, Miller has advised Thomas Lewis to go to study at the medical school in Philadelphia right away and has loaned him the medical text books from his office, and he is to be accompanied by Ashton; he is also deeply distressed and mortified by William's behavior; and asks about politics in his area, mentioning several possible outcomes for the Presidential race (September 12, 1856).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites a condolence letter upon the death of Lucy's husband, George Washington Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinor thanks him for the arrival of the books and analyzes an article that Lewis wrote for a newspaper. The quality of the article would have made it more appropriate for a Review and it would have been more appreciated (June 24, 1848). Minor also requests information about a legal case, Belfield vs Vickers, where Lewis represents the defendant (June 27, 1848). He also asks if he knows of an authoritative account of the family of George Washington (January 26, 1858 and undated). Minor sends Lewis information on how to request an insurance policy on his house (February 2, 1858).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoth men write for Lewis to support the \"Right of Way\" bill by writing letters to representatives in the Legislature.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePatton discusses the legal case Mcfarlane vs Smith involving the seizure of enslaved persons by Smith and Patton's lack of interest in politics (May 13, 1834); Patton's opinion in regard to a will (December 1, 1835); he expresses his willingness to apply for an appeal in the case referred to by Lewis, but he has not received any information about it (October 16, 1846); supplies information about the case, Young vs Johnson (January 27, 1854); and his opinion about the revival of suits of unlawful detainer in Tennent vs Pipers (July 22, incomplete letter).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePendleton asks Lewis to support fellow Whig, James F. Matthew of Rappahannock for Speaker in the House of Delegates (September 1847). He also asks for Lewis' support if he is offered a position in the Foreign Diplomatic Service by the current Secretary of state (November 8, 1850).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsks Lewis to come and visit him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRives thanks Lewis for his kind words about Rives' speech on the Tariff and the views of Lewis about national policy and the presidential election expressed in his letter; writes enthusiastically about Henry Clay, the Whig candidate for President; and the possible support of New York for Clay's election (1844 October 21); in a draft copy, Lewis writes to Rives, who is as one of the Visitors at the University of Virginia, recommending James C. Welling for the Chair of History and General Literature, with his qualifications (1856 December 8); while no longer a Visitor at the University of Virginia, Rives writes that he has placed the recommendation of Lewis, with his own support for Welling, before the Rector (1856 December 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes in great detail her visit to physicians in Philadelphia, their diagnosis of ovarian dropsy, her successful operation and recovery.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsks Lewis to support his brother-in-law, Edward S. Joynes for the appointment of professor of Greek and Latin at William and Mary if Mr. Barnwell has indeed turned down the appointment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Whig state convention has just come to its conclusion, with Mr. Fillmore as the first choice of the majority instead of General Winfield Scott who had not come out in favor of \"the Compromise.\" The writer is afraid of a possible break with the northern branch of the Whig party due to their agitation against enslavement and support of \"free soil.\" (April 17, 1852); George Washington Lewis responds that he has been very busy with his court duties but has read and approves of all the resolutions. Lewis also hopes that the North will be \"compelled to execute the fugitive slave law faithfully and energetically\" and opposes any movement of the Virginia Whigs to unite with the Democrats (1852 May 7).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecommends his nephew, Edwin Taliaferro, for the Chair of Modern Languages at William and Mary College, with his qualifications (1858 May 19) and Lewis, as the newest member of the Board of Visitors there, suggests having associates and friends from the Richmond area also forward recommendations on Taliaferro's behalf (1858 May 22).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsks if Lewis will write editorials for his newspaper in return for free issues and discusses the upcoming Democratic? Convention in Baltimore, Maryland, with Andrew Stevenson (1784-1857) as their speaker, to nominate a presidential candidate for the 1848? election.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSheffey writes to Dangerfield Lewis and his brother, Samuel Lewis, concerning the possibility of recovering lands presently in the state of Kentucky patented to his father, George Lewis, for a fee. The lands had been forfeited due to non-payment of taxes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeclines to interfere in the selection of clerks for the various bureaus under his authority, concerning the request by Colonel Hungerford for an appointment. Lewis had sent a recommendation for Hungerford to Stuart.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStuart sends Jim, probably an enslaved worker who is anxious to see his family, to Lewis. Jim travels by horse due to the bad condition of the roads. He will delay his own visit, as his own children have the mumps. He also thanks Lewis for the speech he has sent for his boys to study when they are older.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTayloe offers to read his essay before Lewis submits it to the Virginia State Agricultural Society for publication (October 14, 1854). He also discusses the date and concerns of an upcoming meeting of the Board of Visitors at William and Mary College (1858 May 21).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes two letters, the first from Alice Maria Lewis Wallace to her sister, \"Lulu\" Louise Lewis? (1873 November 24) and the second an undated draft of her letter to Captain Sooley? about Lewis family history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIf Lewis plans on attending the next Richmond County Court, Washington asks Lewis if he will take down the enclose bond of David B. Taylor and get the money from him. He also asks if Lewis will give an enclosed letter to Thomas S. Waugh which includes a check.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWashington describes his visit to Virginia with Mr. Turner and recalls pleasant memories involving Lewis. He also described the recent visit of Washington Irving to his home where Irving viewed several George Washington documents in his possession (1855 January 5). Regrets his illness has prevented his presence at a meeting with the Governor of Virginia to discuss the arrangements for \"embellishing\" the birthplace of George Washington and the tomb of his ancestors and a visit with Lewis at his home. He also requests on behalf of his friend, Mr. Turner, that Lewis give Turner the letter from George Washington to Turner's grandfather thanking him for a present of two pistols. In return, Washington promises to send Lewis a letter from Major George Lewis to his uncle, George Washington, endorsed on the back by Washington in his own hand (1858 May 10).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWashington forwards a letter from a woman to himself, in case Lewis can help her with information that he is unable to provide. The letter from the woman is not present.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegrets that he is unable to attend the wedding of Lewis, due to pressing business in Washington (1856 May 9). Asks for Lewis' letter of support before the Board of Visitors in his nomination as Chair of Literature and History (1856 November 7) which draft copy is present (1856 November 27). Welling thanks Lewis for his support but has received word that the majority of the Board of Visitors support Professor Holmes for the position (1856 December 5); declines to publish his satiric piece on the Patent Office in \"The National Intelligencer\" for fear it will be used against Mr. Brown himself, urging his removal from office. He also noted that the \"Crittenden amendment\" prevailed in the House of Representatives on April 1st. (1858 March 31-April 1); thanks Lewis for his political piece that Welling will publish in tomorrow's paper and reveals that he is the author of the \"Calm Appeal\" addressed to the people of New Jersey and Pennsylvania about the political relations between North and South; mentions his distress at learning Dr. Wirt, Dabney Wirt and Mr. Wilson do not support the John Bell and Edward Everett Constitutional Union Party ticket (1860 August 24); and mentions the \"Peace Conference\" and his opinion of Abraham Lincoln's Cabinet members (1861 March 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWillis writes following the death of his wife, Mary W. Lewis Willis (1782-1834) about a guardianship for his son, Achille Murat Willis (1827-1908).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommends his friend, William S. Pawson, Commission Merchant, Baltimore, to Lewis, as an experienced man of the highest respectability and standing, March 31, 1843, accompanying a letter from Pawson himself, June 22, 1843, explaining why he has not yet visited in person and that his chief area of business in Virginia was selling grain from the Eastern Shore.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMary discusses the Civil War activity in her state of Kentucky where forces had already begun to break the neutrality established by the governor. She mentions hostile forces under Union General Johnson near Paducah, Kentucky and forces under Confederate General Leonidas Polk; the arrest of ex-Governor Charles S. Morehead and other prominent men; and the numbers of local men who have left the county to join the Confederate army. They have plenty of food but clothing and other goods are hard to get and they are making do with old clothes thought past mending. Mary has also sold eggs for the first time and bought a lamp made in Pittsburgh.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis recorded, in an \"Richardson's Virginia and North Carolina Almanac for 1849,\" agricultural details, church services, weather, the death of his son, Sam, at 13 years on July 1, 1849, and his wife Jane, on July 31, 1849; He also noted that Thomas left for school at Mr. Cameron's at King George Courthouse in September and Harry to Rappahannock Academy in October. Also the printed portions listed judges and elected government officials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis includes two financial documents; an engraving of \"Memorials of Washington\"; a torn printed page about George Washington; a copy of a news clipping about Lewis genealogy; a Civil War document granting permission for 48 hour leave to Captain? Lewis (December 28, 1864); a legal agreement between George Washington Lewis and Riley G. Samuel (March 16, 1874), for the recovery and sale of Green River land in Kentucky; a copy of a childhood poem by Alice Lewis; a writing by George Washington Lewis, giving his opinion about Lord Macauley and his work, to his daughter Alice; and a single used three-cent stamp featuring George Washington.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe memorandum discusses his lack of knowledge about the Spencer Estate in Great Britain. He also promises to send some of his printed essays for her scrapbook and closes with a postscript about the death of her Uncle, Fielding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs of the Lewis family include: Robert Byrd Lewis and his wife, Laura Louisa Parran Lewis; George Lewis (son of Dr. Thomas M. Lewis) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (daughter of GWL); Henry Howell Lewis (brother of GWL), copy made in 1966; Mrs. Oliver Funsten, Lucy Lewis (daughter of GWL), copy made in 1966; \"Claymont\" home of Judge George W. Lewis and family; Judge George Washington Lewis; Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862) son of GWL; cartes-de-visite of Robert Byrd Lewis; Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (son of GWL), copy made in 1966. Also includes a photograph of the coat of arms and motto of the Lewis family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePaper copies of photographs include one of \"Shellfield,\" home of Samuel Lewis and birthplace of George W. Lewis; \"Marmion,\" home of Daingerfield Lewis, King George County, Virginia, taken 1904 by Lucy Lewis Funsten; and a \"View from the front porch of \"Claymont,\" home of Judge George Washington Lewis, Westmoreland County, Virginia, taken by Lucy Lewis Funsten, July 1906.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is a hand-written copy of a letter purporting to have been left by Jesus Christ sixty-five years after his crucifixion and found under a stone, 18 miles from Jerusalem. Judith W. Lewis sent this copy to her friend for inspirational purposes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The George Washington Lewis papers consists chiefly of correspondence to and from George Washington Lewis and between other family members, but also includes a few photographs of the Lewis family and the homes of \"Claymont\", \"Shellfield\" and \"Marmion\"; a plat of \"Claymont\"; newsclippings; notes on Lewis family history and genealogy; and a few financial and legal documents.","Bayly discusses the handling of the case of Molly Butler and his lack of time for correspondence due to his work on the Foreign Affairs Committee and his poor health.","This is a letter of condolence upon the death of George Washington Lewis.","Sends a note saying that Willis and family have been delayed due to an accident to their carriage and sends personal regards from Mary Berkeley.","Brockenbrough welcomes \"the young Mr. McDaniel\" recommended by Lewis into his class at the Lexington Law School for instruction and has sent him one of his Law School circulars.","Burke sends a brief note about the life of Fielding Lewis and refers to the \"Samoan disaster\" account in \"The Washington Post.\"","He writes that he is forwarding the amount owed for the pension of Molly Butler up to her death on June 13, 1852, through Representative Bayly to George Washington Lewis, who is the administrator of Butler's estate.","Cameron requests a letter of recommendation from Lewis for the recently created position of Chair of Greek and Hebrew at the University of Virginia, August 4, 1856. In his second letter, June 23, 1857, Princeton, New Jersey, he shares his plans to sail for Europe in a week, where he will spend about a year to travel and study.","John Campbell writes in great detail about the settlement of the estate of the father of Samuel Lewis, the claims of Lewis for enslaved persons willed to him by his father and a reference to others captured by the British (during the War of 1812?) and the need to secure the future of \"Bushfield Plantation\" which will have to be sold.","Supplies the names of two merchant tailors, Charles H. Lane and William Tucker, that he had omitted in his previous letter (not present), for their legal claim against Mastin Davis?, that he is sending to Lewis.","John Armistead Carter writes to Lewis for help with business arrangements with tenants on his property near Lewis, especially in collecting the rent from Mr. Baker. This concern continues into his second letter, where he responds to the information sent to him by Lewis, but he also discusses the possible sale of one of his enslaved men, William, who is around 41 years old. William's enslaved brother, Enoch, is a few years older and belongs to E. Conway. Carter asks Lewis to tell him what he can get for him, if he can find a good master, as \"I would not sell him to the traders.\" ","He tries to cheer up Lewis in political matters, urging all leaders to promote education and express a sympathic attitude of helpfulness to the masses, with a regular and efficent system of government. He also writes about his religious views at length. Carter returns to political topics, declaring that he is not a candidate himself. Carter served in the Virginia House of Delegates both before and after the Civil War, representing the Loudoun district.","Carter, while declining to be a candidate for political office, expresses grave concern over the recent action by the United States, termed by him the \"rapid acquisition of foreign territory by the proclamation of our royal masters pro-consuls? What has become of the Constitution, and those who were so zealous in its defense?\" in his letter of December 10, 1846. ","In his letter, March 26, 1857, he protests the creation of abolitionist territories and states from public lands by Congress without reference to specific documents or acts, dates and the amounts of such lands transferred from the \"common treasury\" and the resulting disadvantages to the \"old states\" as a result. ","The third letter continues the discussion about the territories, their constitutions, and their eventual admission to the United States, his surprise over the recent election in Kansas on the slavery provision in their constitution, and the lack of interesting bills in the Legislature (1858 January 2).","Agrees with the apprehensive assessment of Lewis about the state of domestic relations in the United States and abroad but fears the worst situation is at home. He points to the \"spring occurrences in Kansas\" and fears that the consequences will be dire. He also believes that \"the North will send men, money and arms\" to Kansas to promote a \"bloody collision.\" Casey writes that he believes that the Martin Van Buren platform of 1848 laid the groundwork for the current state of things, interrupted briefly by the Compromise of 1850-1851. He believes that the only ones to benefit from the \"Know Nothing\" party will be the \"Black Republicans.\" He closes with personal regards and news.","Tells Lewis that the proposition contained in the last two letters from Lewis to him cannot be pushed through the General Assembly at the end of the session because almost everyone has gone home. A similar proposal faced opposition during the session. Claybrook says that Chairman Pendleton has promised to pursue it in the next session in the winter. He also refers to the passage of a bill in the House on March 4th concerning the escape of fugitive enslaved persons and \"the rights and disabilities of free negroes.\" Claybrook also writes in detail about the prospects of Millard Fillmore and other candidates for the Presidential election and disagrees with Lewis that the Union is in danger.","Davis agrees to take up the lawsuit of Carter v. Taylor, should the pending negotiations fail.","Dickinson represents two sisters, Mrs. Gray and Mrs. Bankhead, in the sale of three fourths of a tract of land in Caroline County. He writes to Daingerfield Lewis as the executor of George Lewis, who was owner of one of the fourths of the tract of land. He asks if Lewis will commit to a division of the tract or agree to a sale of the land as a unit and asks him to send written instructions in his role as the executor of George Lewis.","Asks for advice from Lewis on how to best present his proposal for the James River and Kanawha Canal before the Legislature in his first letter and thanks him for his advice in his second letter.","Edward Everett,  May 26, 1860, thanks Lewis for sending him one of George Washington's autograph letters which he terms \"a precious relic.\" With Everett's letter is a hand-written draft copy of G.W. Lewis' original letter, May 24, 1860, sent to Edward Everett when he mailed the Washington letter as an enclosure. In that letter, he expresses a great deal of appreciation for Everett's character and political career.","Benjamin Stoddert Ewell, president of William and Mary, writes concerning the college fees and progress of Robert Byrd Lewis, the son of George Washington Lewis, as a student at William and Mary.","Forbes is running for office as a Whig candidate against Mr. Holladay and attempts to explain to Lewis and other voters why he is speaking at the Spotsylvania Court House instead of the Westmoreland Court House. In his second letter, Forbes expresses his opposition to the Northern men who are trying to enforce their anti-slavery views in the Territories and using direct taxation upon enslaved persons to attempt to bring about the destruction of the practice of enslavement.","Declines to publish an article by Lewis in its present form which criticizes a sculpture by Horatio Greenough. Greenough was just recently deceased.","Godfrey requests any information about Captain George Lewis (1757-1821), an officer in the Commander-in-Chief's Guard, and his family, or a likeness or image of Lewis, for his book \"The Commander-in-Chief's Guard, Revolutionary War\" (1902); thanks her for allowing him to photograph the payroll of Captain Lewis' troop, which is the only one in existence and warns her about the need for its care, also sharing the interest of Mr. Ford, Library of Congress, in its purchase (January 8, 1903).","Encloses a letter (not present) from their mutual friend, Henry P. Irving of Richmond, Virginia, and expresses the hope of still meeting Lewis before leaving the county.","Despite his loss in the recent political contest, Goggin is thankful for the formation of new friendships and the renewal of old friendships, none more than his with Lewis.","Writes a detailed letter about the Lewis genealogy in the United States and explains why he cannot use her Lewis data in his book.","Expresses his concern that Lewis had not received his second letter containing the papers which he returned since nothing more could be done with them at his office and he was afraid he would misplace them (April 6, 1846). Hunter plans on sending a letter to Confederate President Jefferson Davis with the valuable information that Lewis has sent. The Virginia generals expect the enemy to send troops from Fredericksburg to General George McClellan but will not know it until they receive the news through Lewis. He believes that McClellan is probably preparing for another effort but where he will re-organize his forces was a matter of doubt when Hunter left Richmond (July 8, 1862).","Provides a detailed list of historical authors to read and study for a good grasp of history, and an elementary work for law,  written to Lewis as a student at the University of Virginia.","Lewis wrote to Badger April 2, 1841, concerning his application to fill the Navy agent vacancy at Pensacola, Florida. His letter was accompanied by a petition signed by friends and supporters recommending Lewis for the job. ","Also present are  letters from individuals to either President Tyler or Secretary Badger, including John M. Botts, Thomas H. Botts, Thomas Miller, and William Henry Washington, all April 1841, and a letter to Lewis from Willoughby? Newton, April 24, 1841, indicating that he has also written to the President in support. ","Since the harvest has been so good, he asks Baylor to send a contribution to help the ladies' fund extricate the local neighborhood church from indebtedness.","These letters include a warning against homesickness while away at Mrs. McGuire's Boarding School, their closeness to her through letters and travel, and news of their community and friends (October 15, 1875); gives permission for her to come home at Christmas if Etta comes home as well (December 9, 1875); a discussion about her mistakes in letter writing and family news (March 28, 1876); sends money to pay for her washing while at school and expects her uncle Henry from Baltimore to visit (December 4, 1876); his uneasiness over her health and disparaging remarks about some Negroes who supposedly stole a large amount of bacon from his meat house (January 26, 1877); sends her money to pay for his subscription to a paper and hopes to see her at Easter (February 9, 1877); and sends rules for speaking and writing, several books for her studies and family news (October 11, 1877).","In this incomplete letter, Lewis asks whether the enslaved man William arrived home safely with the items he sent from Fredericksburg. He then reflects upon the distress of the family he left behind due to the long illness and sudden death of Betty Washington Lewis Ashton? (1816-1843) and the poor helpless infants she left behind. Lewis urges Jane to not  forget to renew the supply of provisions to the enslaved people at home and to send the enslaved man William to \"Claymont\" for a cart to bring the enslaved woman Aggy home. Lewis plans to hire her out when he comes home and asks if Fielding will hire her out for him before then if he can.","His first letter speaks of his plans to educate Louisa as well as her brothers (January 22, 1843); Lewis complains about the lack of letters from Louisa while he has been in Berkeley Springs and talks about the loss of both his wife Jane and son Sam during the summer, his sorrow, and his poor health (September 3, 1849); Lewis has returned to Washington from Bath Springs and gives an account of his travels and of the family around Washington (September 6, 1849); Lewis describes his visit to his son Tom, in his camp at Petersburg, Virginia,where he found his tent to be insufficient for winter. Lewis discusses his hope for Tom's transfer to Richmond, and his introduction of Tom to Senator Collier from Petersburg. Lewis is thankful they have heard from Byrd and that he is well, since the cavalry has undergone the heaviest fighting so far. He mentions the deaths of St. Tomas Tayloe and Captain Newton, shares all the news about General Lee's front that he knows, says that he doesn't expect a decisive campaign in northern Virginia this fall and fears the loss of Tennessee, the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad and the South's saltworks. Also writes that the various quarrels between the Confederate generals could be disastrous and fears the rapid depreciation of Confederate money (October 20, 1863).","Lewis writes to Lucy while she is away visiting her mother and sister Eliza, mentions neighborhood news and refers to two enslaved servants, Brooks who is repairing the kitchen and Margaret who he has had difficulties hiring out (December 31, 1857); writing from the Richmond Senate chamber, Lewis tells of unfavorable news for the Confederacy, mentions the capture of Cumberland Gap, the burning of Bristol, the presence of seven regiments of cavalry, which were cutting off General Jones, forcing Lee to fall back to Richmond and leaving most of Virginia undefended. Lewis states that he may not be able to get home for a while and shares that the Legislature was busy drafting measures for defending the state, calling upon all men 45-60 to be enlisted, including physicians. He tells Lucy to plan on the safest place to stay should the enemy forces overrun the state (September 21, 1863). ","Lewis describes his visit to his son, Dr. Thomas Lewis, at White Post, Clarke County, for the recovery of his health, including the beauty of the Shenandoah Valley, his homesickness, meeting several persons including the Snowdens and Bishop Meade's family, his son's medical practice, his wife Maria and son, and his anxiety at not hearing from home (August 26 and September 2, 1872). ","Lewis describes a visit to Charlottesville where he was the oldest alumnus present, meeting his college friend, Governor Swann there. He mentions the speech of Senator Bayard of Delaware, dinner at Professor Minor's, the alumni dinner on the third where he sat with Johnson Barbour and heard many wonderful speakers, excepting the one by his friend Governor Swann who had previously enjoyed too much alcohol at Professor Mallet's. Professor Minor recalled Henry Byrd as a diligent student and Professor Socrates Maupin, who had served with Byrd in the 9th Virginia Cavalry, and also sent his regards (July 5, 1873).","Lewis writes to his son after a visit and says how much he misses him and Georgie, his only grandchild. Hopes that he will have a hand in his education when the time comes. States that his family is his chief comfort in old age.","Writes from \"Clifton Hill,\" Morganfield, Kentucky, as a young boy of family news (March 20, 1818); from White Sulphur Springs (January 28, 1822) and from \"Claymont\" as a grown man writing of the safe arrival of his Aunt Harriet (October 29, 1835).","Discusses in detail the recent Whig Convention and the need for the Northern part of the Whig party to honor the Compromise and enforce the laws concerning fugitive enslaved persons laws or have a different organization altogether. But Lewis also does not want to coalesce with the Democratic party. He feels that Fillmore would come the nearest of getting the Virginia vote.","Lewis thanks her for her beautiful New Year's gift.","Lewis discusses in detail the possibility of increasing Henry Clay's popularity in Virginia and other political details.","Henry writes a brief letter to his sister Louisa who is away at school and staying with the Millers, which includes a long postscript from George Washington Lewis to his daughter (March 28, 1846).Henry Lewis writes to George Washington Lewis from Camp Hooe? to acknowledge his father's letter and the sword that he sent him. Henry describes the life of a soldier while on duty guarding the Point, which is about six miles from Winsor, standing picket duty for 24 hours at a time and camping rough with only brush and planks as protection from the weather and subject to annoyance from ticks, chiggers, mosquitoes, and other insects. He also mentions the complaining in camp, lack of discipline in the ranks and lack of fortification with cannon on the Point. He mentions that he is part of the 47th Regiment under Lt. Colonel William Green,and he predicts a long and severe war (July 10, 1861).","Characterizes his most recent voyage as disagreeable and uninteresting. The purpose of the voyage was to transport Commodore Dallas to Chagres in New Granada, where he then made his way across the Isthmus of Panama to his new ship on the Pacific side, accompanied by Murat Willis. His ship remained in Chagres for two months and Lewis describes the area, its people of mixed ancestry, the long rainy season, unhealthy conditions, the presence of leprosy, and luxuriant vegetation. Later they sailed for Kingston, Jamaica, with English officers as passengers who showed them hospitality. Lord Elgin and Kincardine (1811-1863) was the Governor of the island. Afterwards they returned to Chagres and then home.","Henry H. Lewis writes concerning family genealogy and news. He also mentions his health issues and issues invitations to visit.","Jane Lewis writes to her daughter Louisa who is staying with her uncle Dr. Thomas Miller and Aunt Virginia Miller (1844) and William Miller (1846) while attending school in Washington. She includes news of the family and neighborhood.","Louisa Lewis writes her father concerning her tuiton bill at Mrs. I.H. Bure's? dated November 25, 1845.","\tNote on the letter says that Lucy was visiting her cousin Ella Waring at \"Malverne,\" Essex County, Virginia, while her father was in the Senate in Richmond. ","She regrets his worry over reports of the Yankee visit to their neighborhood while he was away. She assures him that the accounts were exaggerated and that the Yankees have departed after taking as many horses as they could capture, around sixty. Infantry were landed from gunboats which took off grain. \"They only had pickets posted at the forks of the roads above Claymont.\" She then gave him as much news about friends and family that she could.","He writes a practice letter as a child to his mother and mentions a visit from Mr. Burke and his own desire to go out hunting chestnuts.","She writes while he is away for schooling, praises him for his progress in learning and promises to send both her sons money when they have some.","Assures her mother that all are well after their arrival at Willis Hill a week ago but are anxious to hear how everyone is at Port Royal. She complains that she has not received any letters from the girls since their return from \"Albany.\" She mentions that John and Eliza go to school in town with Miss Judy Clark.","Thomas wishes his sister would come home since he misses her, mentions sickness in the family, schooling while at home, and news of friends and relatives. Includes a note from her father, George Washington Lewis as well (November 24, 1845).","A very long letter full of genealogical questions to answer and supplying some information about the Lewis family in the United States. Lewis noted on the letter that he answered it on May 10, 1858, referring him to Bishop Meade's book and John Minor.","Notifies him that his father, brother, and family arrived safely in good health, except for Major Lewis who is suffering from gout. He has delivered the enslaved man John to the recipient's brother Sam in Weedon Lick, Union County, Kentucky, according to the instructions in his letter. About the enslaved man John, Lewis writes \"John is very much averse to returning to Virginia. In fact, he says he had rather die than return.\" Because of this, the recipient's father has suggested that his brother Sam is willing to purchase him and send him enough money to buy another enslaved person to replace John.","Includes four letters, chiefly of a social nature, one from an Aunt Maria to Mrs. George W. Lewis (1845 November 9); one from a child describing school activities, signed with initials only (1877 December); \"Your loving sister Millie, Nestledown, to \"My dear Aunt Lou?, (1887 August 30); and Ella B. Waring?, Glencom?, to her cousin  (undated).","John [Tayloe] Lomax (1781-1862?) writes to President John Tyler, recommending George Washington Lewis to be the Navy Agent at Pensacola, Florida (1841 April 22) and to George Washington Lewis about the inquiry of Lewis about the qualifications for Commonwealth's Attorney (1852 June 11 and July 13).","Marye sympathizes with his lament about the passing away of the former notable men in the legal profession and the loss of character among its participants, and corrects Lewis's misunderstanding about a point he made about manumission, recommending a pamphlet by John Howard of Richmond.","Lewis agrees with Matthews that the accusation that his friend Mr. Hunter gambled while attending at the March Court in Westmoreland County in order to give a speech was entirely false and furnishes his own recollection of the occasion.","Mayo thanks Lewis for his good opinion of his recently instituted newspaper, copies of which he had sent out as advertising to several of his friends in the Northern Neck area of Virginia.","Miller requests an autograph of George Washington for a friend, comments upon the lack of interesting bills before Congress, except for the Judiciary bill concerning the local district, and tells of meeting Lewis' daughter as part of the \"Marmion\" wedding party (January 1, 1855); shares his suggestion that Thomas, the son of George Washington Lewis, could work with him in the infirmary, putting up medicines and attending patients, and still attend to his studies for fifty dollars per annum (September 22, 1855); informs Lewis that due to the conditions at his school, Miller has advised Thomas Lewis to go to study at the medical school in Philadelphia right away and has loaned him the medical text books from his office, and he is to be accompanied by Ashton; he is also deeply distressed and mortified by William's behavior; and asks about politics in his area, mentioning several possible outcomes for the Presidential race (September 12, 1856).","Writes a condolence letter upon the death of Lucy's husband, George Washington Lewis.","Minor thanks him for the arrival of the books and analyzes an article that Lewis wrote for a newspaper. The quality of the article would have made it more appropriate for a Review and it would have been more appreciated (June 24, 1848). Minor also requests information about a legal case, Belfield vs Vickers, where Lewis represents the defendant (June 27, 1848). He also asks if he knows of an authoritative account of the family of George Washington (January 26, 1858 and undated). Minor sends Lewis information on how to request an insurance policy on his house (February 2, 1858).","Both men write for Lewis to support the \"Right of Way\" bill by writing letters to representatives in the Legislature.","Patton discusses the legal case Mcfarlane vs Smith involving the seizure of enslaved persons by Smith and Patton's lack of interest in politics (May 13, 1834); Patton's opinion in regard to a will (December 1, 1835); he expresses his willingness to apply for an appeal in the case referred to by Lewis, but he has not received any information about it (October 16, 1846); supplies information about the case, Young vs Johnson (January 27, 1854); and his opinion about the revival of suits of unlawful detainer in Tennent vs Pipers (July 22, incomplete letter).","Pendleton asks Lewis to support fellow Whig, James F. Matthew of Rappahannock for Speaker in the House of Delegates (September 1847). He also asks for Lewis' support if he is offered a position in the Foreign Diplomatic Service by the current Secretary of state (November 8, 1850).","Asks Lewis to come and visit him.","Rives thanks Lewis for his kind words about Rives' speech on the Tariff and the views of Lewis about national policy and the presidential election expressed in his letter; writes enthusiastically about Henry Clay, the Whig candidate for President; and the possible support of New York for Clay's election (1844 October 21); in a draft copy, Lewis writes to Rives, who is as one of the Visitors at the University of Virginia, recommending James C. Welling for the Chair of History and General Literature, with his qualifications (1856 December 8); while no longer a Visitor at the University of Virginia, Rives writes that he has placed the recommendation of Lewis, with his own support for Welling, before the Rector (1856 December 8).","Describes in great detail her visit to physicians in Philadelphia, their diagnosis of ovarian dropsy, her successful operation and recovery.","Asks Lewis to support his brother-in-law, Edward S. Joynes for the appointment of professor of Greek and Latin at William and Mary if Mr. Barnwell has indeed turned down the appointment.","The Virginia Whig state convention has just come to its conclusion, with Mr. Fillmore as the first choice of the majority instead of General Winfield Scott who had not come out in favor of \"the Compromise.\" The writer is afraid of a possible break with the northern branch of the Whig party due to their agitation against enslavement and support of \"free soil.\" (April 17, 1852); George Washington Lewis responds that he has been very busy with his court duties but has read and approves of all the resolutions. Lewis also hopes that the North will be \"compelled to execute the fugitive slave law faithfully and energetically\" and opposes any movement of the Virginia Whigs to unite with the Democrats (1852 May 7).","Recommends his nephew, Edwin Taliaferro, for the Chair of Modern Languages at William and Mary College, with his qualifications (1858 May 19) and Lewis, as the newest member of the Board of Visitors there, suggests having associates and friends from the Richmond area also forward recommendations on Taliaferro's behalf (1858 May 22).","Asks if Lewis will write editorials for his newspaper in return for free issues and discusses the upcoming Democratic? Convention in Baltimore, Maryland, with Andrew Stevenson (1784-1857) as their speaker, to nominate a presidential candidate for the 1848? election.","Sheffey writes to Dangerfield Lewis and his brother, Samuel Lewis, concerning the possibility of recovering lands presently in the state of Kentucky patented to his father, George Lewis, for a fee. The lands had been forfeited due to non-payment of taxes.","Declines to interfere in the selection of clerks for the various bureaus under his authority, concerning the request by Colonel Hungerford for an appointment. Lewis had sent a recommendation for Hungerford to Stuart.","Stuart sends Jim, probably an enslaved worker who is anxious to see his family, to Lewis. Jim travels by horse due to the bad condition of the roads. He will delay his own visit, as his own children have the mumps. He also thanks Lewis for the speech he has sent for his boys to study when they are older.","Tayloe offers to read his essay before Lewis submits it to the Virginia State Agricultural Society for publication (October 14, 1854). He also discusses the date and concerns of an upcoming meeting of the Board of Visitors at William and Mary College (1858 May 21).","Includes two letters, the first from Alice Maria Lewis Wallace to her sister, \"Lulu\" Louise Lewis? (1873 November 24) and the second an undated draft of her letter to Captain Sooley? about Lewis family history.","If Lewis plans on attending the next Richmond County Court, Washington asks Lewis if he will take down the enclose bond of David B. Taylor and get the money from him. He also asks if Lewis will give an enclosed letter to Thomas S. Waugh which includes a check.","Washington describes his visit to Virginia with Mr. Turner and recalls pleasant memories involving Lewis. He also described the recent visit of Washington Irving to his home where Irving viewed several George Washington documents in his possession (1855 January 5). Regrets his illness has prevented his presence at a meeting with the Governor of Virginia to discuss the arrangements for \"embellishing\" the birthplace of George Washington and the tomb of his ancestors and a visit with Lewis at his home. He also requests on behalf of his friend, Mr. Turner, that Lewis give Turner the letter from George Washington to Turner's grandfather thanking him for a present of two pistols. In return, Washington promises to send Lewis a letter from Major George Lewis to his uncle, George Washington, endorsed on the back by Washington in his own hand (1858 May 10).","Washington forwards a letter from a woman to himself, in case Lewis can help her with information that he is unable to provide. The letter from the woman is not present.","Regrets that he is unable to attend the wedding of Lewis, due to pressing business in Washington (1856 May 9). Asks for Lewis' letter of support before the Board of Visitors in his nomination as Chair of Literature and History (1856 November 7) which draft copy is present (1856 November 27). Welling thanks Lewis for his support but has received word that the majority of the Board of Visitors support Professor Holmes for the position (1856 December 5); declines to publish his satiric piece on the Patent Office in \"The National Intelligencer\" for fear it will be used against Mr. Brown himself, urging his removal from office. He also noted that the \"Crittenden amendment\" prevailed in the House of Representatives on April 1st. (1858 March 31-April 1); thanks Lewis for his political piece that Welling will publish in tomorrow's paper and reveals that he is the author of the \"Calm Appeal\" addressed to the people of New Jersey and Pennsylvania about the political relations between North and South; mentions his distress at learning Dr. Wirt, Dabney Wirt and Mr. Wilson do not support the John Bell and Edward Everett Constitutional Union Party ticket (1860 August 24); and mentions the \"Peace Conference\" and his opinion of Abraham Lincoln's Cabinet members (1861 March 8).","Willis writes following the death of his wife, Mary W. Lewis Willis (1782-1834) about a guardianship for his son, Achille Murat Willis (1827-1908).","Commends his friend, William S. Pawson, Commission Merchant, Baltimore, to Lewis, as an experienced man of the highest respectability and standing, March 31, 1843, accompanying a letter from Pawson himself, June 22, 1843, explaining why he has not yet visited in person and that his chief area of business in Virginia was selling grain from the Eastern Shore.","Mary discusses the Civil War activity in her state of Kentucky where forces had already begun to break the neutrality established by the governor. She mentions hostile forces under Union General Johnson near Paducah, Kentucky and forces under Confederate General Leonidas Polk; the arrest of ex-Governor Charles S. Morehead and other prominent men; and the numbers of local men who have left the county to join the Confederate army. They have plenty of food but clothing and other goods are hard to get and they are making do with old clothes thought past mending. Mary has also sold eggs for the first time and bought a lamp made in Pittsburgh.","Lewis recorded, in an \"Richardson's Virginia and North Carolina Almanac for 1849,\" agricultural details, church services, weather, the death of his son, Sam, at 13 years on July 1, 1849, and his wife Jane, on July 31, 1849; He also noted that Thomas left for school at Mr. Cameron's at King George Courthouse in September and Harry to Rappahannock Academy in October. Also the printed portions listed judges and elected government officials.","This includes two financial documents; an engraving of \"Memorials of Washington\"; a torn printed page about George Washington; a copy of a news clipping about Lewis genealogy; a Civil War document granting permission for 48 hour leave to Captain? Lewis (December 28, 1864); a legal agreement between George Washington Lewis and Riley G. Samuel (March 16, 1874), for the recovery and sale of Green River land in Kentucky; a copy of a childhood poem by Alice Lewis; a writing by George Washington Lewis, giving his opinion about Lord Macauley and his work, to his daughter Alice; and a single used three-cent stamp featuring George Washington.","The memorandum discusses his lack of knowledge about the Spencer Estate in Great Britain. He also promises to send some of his printed essays for her scrapbook and closes with a postscript about the death of her Uncle, Fielding.","Photographs of the Lewis family include: Robert Byrd Lewis and his wife, Laura Louisa Parran Lewis; George Lewis (son of Dr. Thomas M. Lewis) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (daughter of GWL); Henry Howell Lewis (brother of GWL), copy made in 1966; Mrs. Oliver Funsten, Lucy Lewis (daughter of GWL), copy made in 1966; \"Claymont\" home of Judge George W. Lewis and family; Judge George Washington Lewis; Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862) son of GWL; cartes-de-visite of Robert Byrd Lewis; Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (son of GWL), copy made in 1966. Also includes a photograph of the coat of arms and motto of the Lewis family.","Paper copies of photographs include one of \"Shellfield,\" home of Samuel Lewis and birthplace of George W. Lewis; \"Marmion,\" home of Daingerfield Lewis, King George County, Virginia, taken 1904 by Lucy Lewis Funsten; and a \"View from the front porch of \"Claymont,\" home of Judge George Washington Lewis, Westmoreland County, Virginia, taken by Lucy Lewis Funsten, July 1906.","This is a hand-written copy of a letter purporting to have been left by Jesus Christ sixty-five years after his crucifixion and found under a stone, 18 miles from Jerusalem. Judith W. Lewis sent this copy to her friend for inspirational purposes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":99,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-09T07:08:45.006Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_965","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_965","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_965","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_965","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_965.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/120875","title_filing_ssi":"Lewis, George Washington, papers","title_ssm":["George Washington Lewis papers"],"title_tesim":["George Washington Lewis papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1805-1906, 1966"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1805-1906, 1966"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16413","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/965"],"text":["MSS 16413","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/965","George Washington Lewis papers","Lewis family","Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","enslavement","enslaved persons","Politics and government","Manuscripts (documents)","photographs","letters (correspondence)","Good.","The collection has been arranged in two series, Correspondence and the Lewis family miscellany files. The correspondence is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the correspondent.","Judge George Washington Lewis (1803/4-1879) was born at \"Shellfield,\" Colonial Beach, Virginia, and died at \"Claymont,\" Westmoreland County, Virginia, the son of Samuel Lewis (1780-1840) and Sarah Attaway Miller (1785-1822) and grandson of George Lewis (1757-1821) and Catherine Daingerfield (1784-1820). Lewis was a lawyer, educated at the University of Virginia. He was married first to Jane Brockenbrough Lewis (1810-1849) and they had six children: Anna Louisa Lewis (1830-1897); Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862); Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (1833-1910); Samuel Lewis (1836-1849); Robert Byrd Lewis (1841-1897) and Lucy Pratt Lewis Funsten (1844-1909). His second wife was Lucy Anne Robb (1823-1891) and they had two children, Jane Vivian Lewis Long (1858-1931) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (1861-190).","Francis Burt served in the South Carolina General Assembly for twelve years, 1832-1844. In 1853 he was appointed an auditor at the U.S. Treasury Department. In 1854, Burt was selected by President Pierce as the first Governor of the Nebraska Territory but died just a few days after taking the oath of office.","As shown in these three letters, \"In 1846 and again ten years later there were efforts to pull Carter out of political retirement, the first time as Whig nominee for the State Senate, the second as Union Candidates for Congress (Virginia's 8th District). In each instance Carter politely but firmly declined to be a candidate. See, for example, his letter to the \"Richmond Whig\", July 21, 1856\" (quoted from a note from the finding aid for MSS 1959, -a, -c in UVA Special Collections).","Henry Bankhead Lewis was killed in the Battle of Seven Pines, May 31-June 1, 1862.","The correspondent was probably Mary Willis Lewis (1812-1886), daughter of Major Samuel Lewis, who married John Casey, Union, Kentucky, in 1829. The recipient is probably her brother, George Washington Lewis.","According to a Wikipedia article about Kentucky in the Civil War, \"Kentucky was a border state of key importance in the American Civil War. It officially declared its neutrality at the beginning of the war, but after a failed attempt by Confederate General Leonidas Polk to take the state of Kentucky for the Confederacy, the legislature petitioned the Union Army for assistance.\"","This material contains racist language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid.","These copies were made presumably by Lucy Lewis Funsten and the location of originals are unknown.","The George Washington Lewis papers consists chiefly of correspondence to and from George Washington Lewis and between other family members, but also includes a few photographs of the Lewis family and the homes of \"Claymont\", \"Shellfield\" and \"Marmion\"; a plat of \"Claymont\"; newsclippings; notes on Lewis family history and genealogy; and a few financial and legal documents.","Bayly discusses the handling of the case of Molly Butler and his lack of time for correspondence due to his work on the Foreign Affairs Committee and his poor health.","This is a letter of condolence upon the death of George Washington Lewis.","Sends a note saying that Willis and family have been delayed due to an accident to their carriage and sends personal regards from Mary Berkeley.","Brockenbrough welcomes \"the young Mr. McDaniel\" recommended by Lewis into his class at the Lexington Law School for instruction and has sent him one of his Law School circulars.","Burke sends a brief note about the life of Fielding Lewis and refers to the \"Samoan disaster\" account in \"The Washington Post.\"","He writes that he is forwarding the amount owed for the pension of Molly Butler up to her death on June 13, 1852, through Representative Bayly to George Washington Lewis, who is the administrator of Butler's estate.","Cameron requests a letter of recommendation from Lewis for the recently created position of Chair of Greek and Hebrew at the University of Virginia, August 4, 1856. In his second letter, June 23, 1857, Princeton, New Jersey, he shares his plans to sail for Europe in a week, where he will spend about a year to travel and study.","John Campbell writes in great detail about the settlement of the estate of the father of Samuel Lewis, the claims of Lewis for enslaved persons willed to him by his father and a reference to others captured by the British (during the War of 1812?) and the need to secure the future of \"Bushfield Plantation\" which will have to be sold.","Supplies the names of two merchant tailors, Charles H. Lane and William Tucker, that he had omitted in his previous letter (not present), for their legal claim against Mastin Davis?, that he is sending to Lewis.","John Armistead Carter writes to Lewis for help with business arrangements with tenants on his property near Lewis, especially in collecting the rent from Mr. Baker. This concern continues into his second letter, where he responds to the information sent to him by Lewis, but he also discusses the possible sale of one of his enslaved men, William, who is around 41 years old. William's enslaved brother, Enoch, is a few years older and belongs to E. Conway. Carter asks Lewis to tell him what he can get for him, if he can find a good master, as \"I would not sell him to the traders.\" ","He tries to cheer up Lewis in political matters, urging all leaders to promote education and express a sympathic attitude of helpfulness to the masses, with a regular and efficent system of government. He also writes about his religious views at length. Carter returns to political topics, declaring that he is not a candidate himself. Carter served in the Virginia House of Delegates both before and after the Civil War, representing the Loudoun district.","Carter, while declining to be a candidate for political office, expresses grave concern over the recent action by the United States, termed by him the \"rapid acquisition of foreign territory by the proclamation of our royal masters pro-consuls? What has become of the Constitution, and those who were so zealous in its defense?\" in his letter of December 10, 1846. ","In his letter, March 26, 1857, he protests the creation of abolitionist territories and states from public lands by Congress without reference to specific documents or acts, dates and the amounts of such lands transferred from the \"common treasury\" and the resulting disadvantages to the \"old states\" as a result. ","The third letter continues the discussion about the territories, their constitutions, and their eventual admission to the United States, his surprise over the recent election in Kansas on the slavery provision in their constitution, and the lack of interesting bills in the Legislature (1858 January 2).","Agrees with the apprehensive assessment of Lewis about the state of domestic relations in the United States and abroad but fears the worst situation is at home. He points to the \"spring occurrences in Kansas\" and fears that the consequences will be dire. He also believes that \"the North will send men, money and arms\" to Kansas to promote a \"bloody collision.\" Casey writes that he believes that the Martin Van Buren platform of 1848 laid the groundwork for the current state of things, interrupted briefly by the Compromise of 1850-1851. He believes that the only ones to benefit from the \"Know Nothing\" party will be the \"Black Republicans.\" He closes with personal regards and news.","Tells Lewis that the proposition contained in the last two letters from Lewis to him cannot be pushed through the General Assembly at the end of the session because almost everyone has gone home. A similar proposal faced opposition during the session. Claybrook says that Chairman Pendleton has promised to pursue it in the next session in the winter. He also refers to the passage of a bill in the House on March 4th concerning the escape of fugitive enslaved persons and \"the rights and disabilities of free negroes.\" Claybrook also writes in detail about the prospects of Millard Fillmore and other candidates for the Presidential election and disagrees with Lewis that the Union is in danger.","Davis agrees to take up the lawsuit of Carter v. Taylor, should the pending negotiations fail.","Dickinson represents two sisters, Mrs. Gray and Mrs. Bankhead, in the sale of three fourths of a tract of land in Caroline County. He writes to Daingerfield Lewis as the executor of George Lewis, who was owner of one of the fourths of the tract of land. He asks if Lewis will commit to a division of the tract or agree to a sale of the land as a unit and asks him to send written instructions in his role as the executor of George Lewis.","Asks for advice from Lewis on how to best present his proposal for the James River and Kanawha Canal before the Legislature in his first letter and thanks him for his advice in his second letter.","Edward Everett,  May 26, 1860, thanks Lewis for sending him one of George Washington's autograph letters which he terms \"a precious relic.\" With Everett's letter is a hand-written draft copy of G.W. Lewis' original letter, May 24, 1860, sent to Edward Everett when he mailed the Washington letter as an enclosure. In that letter, he expresses a great deal of appreciation for Everett's character and political career.","Benjamin Stoddert Ewell, president of William and Mary, writes concerning the college fees and progress of Robert Byrd Lewis, the son of George Washington Lewis, as a student at William and Mary.","Forbes is running for office as a Whig candidate against Mr. Holladay and attempts to explain to Lewis and other voters why he is speaking at the Spotsylvania Court House instead of the Westmoreland Court House. In his second letter, Forbes expresses his opposition to the Northern men who are trying to enforce their anti-slavery views in the Territories and using direct taxation upon enslaved persons to attempt to bring about the destruction of the practice of enslavement.","Declines to publish an article by Lewis in its present form which criticizes a sculpture by Horatio Greenough. Greenough was just recently deceased.","Godfrey requests any information about Captain George Lewis (1757-1821), an officer in the Commander-in-Chief's Guard, and his family, or a likeness or image of Lewis, for his book \"The Commander-in-Chief's Guard, Revolutionary War\" (1902); thanks her for allowing him to photograph the payroll of Captain Lewis' troop, which is the only one in existence and warns her about the need for its care, also sharing the interest of Mr. Ford, Library of Congress, in its purchase (January 8, 1903).","Encloses a letter (not present) from their mutual friend, Henry P. Irving of Richmond, Virginia, and expresses the hope of still meeting Lewis before leaving the county.","Despite his loss in the recent political contest, Goggin is thankful for the formation of new friendships and the renewal of old friendships, none more than his with Lewis.","Writes a detailed letter about the Lewis genealogy in the United States and explains why he cannot use her Lewis data in his book.","Expresses his concern that Lewis had not received his second letter containing the papers which he returned since nothing more could be done with them at his office and he was afraid he would misplace them (April 6, 1846). Hunter plans on sending a letter to Confederate President Jefferson Davis with the valuable information that Lewis has sent. The Virginia generals expect the enemy to send troops from Fredericksburg to General George McClellan but will not know it until they receive the news through Lewis. He believes that McClellan is probably preparing for another effort but where he will re-organize his forces was a matter of doubt when Hunter left Richmond (July 8, 1862).","Provides a detailed list of historical authors to read and study for a good grasp of history, and an elementary work for law,  written to Lewis as a student at the University of Virginia.","Lewis wrote to Badger April 2, 1841, concerning his application to fill the Navy agent vacancy at Pensacola, Florida. His letter was accompanied by a petition signed by friends and supporters recommending Lewis for the job. ","Also present are  letters from individuals to either President Tyler or Secretary Badger, including John M. Botts, Thomas H. Botts, Thomas Miller, and William Henry Washington, all April 1841, and a letter to Lewis from Willoughby? Newton, April 24, 1841, indicating that he has also written to the President in support. ","Since the harvest has been so good, he asks Baylor to send a contribution to help the ladies' fund extricate the local neighborhood church from indebtedness.","These letters include a warning against homesickness while away at Mrs. McGuire's Boarding School, their closeness to her through letters and travel, and news of their community and friends (October 15, 1875); gives permission for her to come home at Christmas if Etta comes home as well (December 9, 1875); a discussion about her mistakes in letter writing and family news (March 28, 1876); sends money to pay for her washing while at school and expects her uncle Henry from Baltimore to visit (December 4, 1876); his uneasiness over her health and disparaging remarks about some Negroes who supposedly stole a large amount of bacon from his meat house (January 26, 1877); sends her money to pay for his subscription to a paper and hopes to see her at Easter (February 9, 1877); and sends rules for speaking and writing, several books for her studies and family news (October 11, 1877).","In this incomplete letter, Lewis asks whether the enslaved man William arrived home safely with the items he sent from Fredericksburg. He then reflects upon the distress of the family he left behind due to the long illness and sudden death of Betty Washington Lewis Ashton? (1816-1843) and the poor helpless infants she left behind. Lewis urges Jane to not  forget to renew the supply of provisions to the enslaved people at home and to send the enslaved man William to \"Claymont\" for a cart to bring the enslaved woman Aggy home. Lewis plans to hire her out when he comes home and asks if Fielding will hire her out for him before then if he can.","His first letter speaks of his plans to educate Louisa as well as her brothers (January 22, 1843); Lewis complains about the lack of letters from Louisa while he has been in Berkeley Springs and talks about the loss of both his wife Jane and son Sam during the summer, his sorrow, and his poor health (September 3, 1849); Lewis has returned to Washington from Bath Springs and gives an account of his travels and of the family around Washington (September 6, 1849); Lewis describes his visit to his son Tom, in his camp at Petersburg, Virginia,where he found his tent to be insufficient for winter. Lewis discusses his hope for Tom's transfer to Richmond, and his introduction of Tom to Senator Collier from Petersburg. Lewis is thankful they have heard from Byrd and that he is well, since the cavalry has undergone the heaviest fighting so far. He mentions the deaths of St. Tomas Tayloe and Captain Newton, shares all the news about General Lee's front that he knows, says that he doesn't expect a decisive campaign in northern Virginia this fall and fears the loss of Tennessee, the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad and the South's saltworks. Also writes that the various quarrels between the Confederate generals could be disastrous and fears the rapid depreciation of Confederate money (October 20, 1863).","Lewis writes to Lucy while she is away visiting her mother and sister Eliza, mentions neighborhood news and refers to two enslaved servants, Brooks who is repairing the kitchen and Margaret who he has had difficulties hiring out (December 31, 1857); writing from the Richmond Senate chamber, Lewis tells of unfavorable news for the Confederacy, mentions the capture of Cumberland Gap, the burning of Bristol, the presence of seven regiments of cavalry, which were cutting off General Jones, forcing Lee to fall back to Richmond and leaving most of Virginia undefended. Lewis states that he may not be able to get home for a while and shares that the Legislature was busy drafting measures for defending the state, calling upon all men 45-60 to be enlisted, including physicians. He tells Lucy to plan on the safest place to stay should the enemy forces overrun the state (September 21, 1863). ","Lewis describes his visit to his son, Dr. Thomas Lewis, at White Post, Clarke County, for the recovery of his health, including the beauty of the Shenandoah Valley, his homesickness, meeting several persons including the Snowdens and Bishop Meade's family, his son's medical practice, his wife Maria and son, and his anxiety at not hearing from home (August 26 and September 2, 1872). ","Lewis describes a visit to Charlottesville where he was the oldest alumnus present, meeting his college friend, Governor Swann there. He mentions the speech of Senator Bayard of Delaware, dinner at Professor Minor's, the alumni dinner on the third where he sat with Johnson Barbour and heard many wonderful speakers, excepting the one by his friend Governor Swann who had previously enjoyed too much alcohol at Professor Mallet's. Professor Minor recalled Henry Byrd as a diligent student and Professor Socrates Maupin, who had served with Byrd in the 9th Virginia Cavalry, and also sent his regards (July 5, 1873).","Lewis writes to his son after a visit and says how much he misses him and Georgie, his only grandchild. Hopes that he will have a hand in his education when the time comes. States that his family is his chief comfort in old age.","Writes from \"Clifton Hill,\" Morganfield, Kentucky, as a young boy of family news (March 20, 1818); from White Sulphur Springs (January 28, 1822) and from \"Claymont\" as a grown man writing of the safe arrival of his Aunt Harriet (October 29, 1835).","Discusses in detail the recent Whig Convention and the need for the Northern part of the Whig party to honor the Compromise and enforce the laws concerning fugitive enslaved persons laws or have a different organization altogether. But Lewis also does not want to coalesce with the Democratic party. He feels that Fillmore would come the nearest of getting the Virginia vote.","Lewis thanks her for her beautiful New Year's gift.","Lewis discusses in detail the possibility of increasing Henry Clay's popularity in Virginia and other political details.","Henry writes a brief letter to his sister Louisa who is away at school and staying with the Millers, which includes a long postscript from George Washington Lewis to his daughter (March 28, 1846).Henry Lewis writes to George Washington Lewis from Camp Hooe? to acknowledge his father's letter and the sword that he sent him. Henry describes the life of a soldier while on duty guarding the Point, which is about six miles from Winsor, standing picket duty for 24 hours at a time and camping rough with only brush and planks as protection from the weather and subject to annoyance from ticks, chiggers, mosquitoes, and other insects. He also mentions the complaining in camp, lack of discipline in the ranks and lack of fortification with cannon on the Point. He mentions that he is part of the 47th Regiment under Lt. Colonel William Green,and he predicts a long and severe war (July 10, 1861).","Characterizes his most recent voyage as disagreeable and uninteresting. The purpose of the voyage was to transport Commodore Dallas to Chagres in New Granada, where he then made his way across the Isthmus of Panama to his new ship on the Pacific side, accompanied by Murat Willis. His ship remained in Chagres for two months and Lewis describes the area, its people of mixed ancestry, the long rainy season, unhealthy conditions, the presence of leprosy, and luxuriant vegetation. Later they sailed for Kingston, Jamaica, with English officers as passengers who showed them hospitality. Lord Elgin and Kincardine (1811-1863) was the Governor of the island. Afterwards they returned to Chagres and then home.","Henry H. Lewis writes concerning family genealogy and news. He also mentions his health issues and issues invitations to visit.","Jane Lewis writes to her daughter Louisa who is staying with her uncle Dr. Thomas Miller and Aunt Virginia Miller (1844) and William Miller (1846) while attending school in Washington. She includes news of the family and neighborhood.","Louisa Lewis writes her father concerning her tuiton bill at Mrs. I.H. Bure's? dated November 25, 1845.","\tNote on the letter says that Lucy was visiting her cousin Ella Waring at \"Malverne,\" Essex County, Virginia, while her father was in the Senate in Richmond. ","She regrets his worry over reports of the Yankee visit to their neighborhood while he was away. She assures him that the accounts were exaggerated and that the Yankees have departed after taking as many horses as they could capture, around sixty. Infantry were landed from gunboats which took off grain. \"They only had pickets posted at the forks of the roads above Claymont.\" She then gave him as much news about friends and family that she could.","He writes a practice letter as a child to his mother and mentions a visit from Mr. Burke and his own desire to go out hunting chestnuts.","She writes while he is away for schooling, praises him for his progress in learning and promises to send both her sons money when they have some.","Assures her mother that all are well after their arrival at Willis Hill a week ago but are anxious to hear how everyone is at Port Royal. She complains that she has not received any letters from the girls since their return from \"Albany.\" She mentions that John and Eliza go to school in town with Miss Judy Clark.","Thomas wishes his sister would come home since he misses her, mentions sickness in the family, schooling while at home, and news of friends and relatives. Includes a note from her father, George Washington Lewis as well (November 24, 1845).","A very long letter full of genealogical questions to answer and supplying some information about the Lewis family in the United States. Lewis noted on the letter that he answered it on May 10, 1858, referring him to Bishop Meade's book and John Minor.","Notifies him that his father, brother, and family arrived safely in good health, except for Major Lewis who is suffering from gout. He has delivered the enslaved man John to the recipient's brother Sam in Weedon Lick, Union County, Kentucky, according to the instructions in his letter. About the enslaved man John, Lewis writes \"John is very much averse to returning to Virginia. In fact, he says he had rather die than return.\" Because of this, the recipient's father has suggested that his brother Sam is willing to purchase him and send him enough money to buy another enslaved person to replace John.","Includes four letters, chiefly of a social nature, one from an Aunt Maria to Mrs. George W. Lewis (1845 November 9); one from a child describing school activities, signed with initials only (1877 December); \"Your loving sister Millie, Nestledown, to \"My dear Aunt Lou?, (1887 August 30); and Ella B. Waring?, Glencom?, to her cousin  (undated).","John [Tayloe] Lomax (1781-1862?) writes to President John Tyler, recommending George Washington Lewis to be the Navy Agent at Pensacola, Florida (1841 April 22) and to George Washington Lewis about the inquiry of Lewis about the qualifications for Commonwealth's Attorney (1852 June 11 and July 13).","Marye sympathizes with his lament about the passing away of the former notable men in the legal profession and the loss of character among its participants, and corrects Lewis's misunderstanding about a point he made about manumission, recommending a pamphlet by John Howard of Richmond.","Lewis agrees with Matthews that the accusation that his friend Mr. Hunter gambled while attending at the March Court in Westmoreland County in order to give a speech was entirely false and furnishes his own recollection of the occasion.","Mayo thanks Lewis for his good opinion of his recently instituted newspaper, copies of which he had sent out as advertising to several of his friends in the Northern Neck area of Virginia.","Miller requests an autograph of George Washington for a friend, comments upon the lack of interesting bills before Congress, except for the Judiciary bill concerning the local district, and tells of meeting Lewis' daughter as part of the \"Marmion\" wedding party (January 1, 1855); shares his suggestion that Thomas, the son of George Washington Lewis, could work with him in the infirmary, putting up medicines and attending patients, and still attend to his studies for fifty dollars per annum (September 22, 1855); informs Lewis that due to the conditions at his school, Miller has advised Thomas Lewis to go to study at the medical school in Philadelphia right away and has loaned him the medical text books from his office, and he is to be accompanied by Ashton; he is also deeply distressed and mortified by William's behavior; and asks about politics in his area, mentioning several possible outcomes for the Presidential race (September 12, 1856).","Writes a condolence letter upon the death of Lucy's husband, George Washington Lewis.","Minor thanks him for the arrival of the books and analyzes an article that Lewis wrote for a newspaper. The quality of the article would have made it more appropriate for a Review and it would have been more appreciated (June 24, 1848). Minor also requests information about a legal case, Belfield vs Vickers, where Lewis represents the defendant (June 27, 1848). He also asks if he knows of an authoritative account of the family of George Washington (January 26, 1858 and undated). Minor sends Lewis information on how to request an insurance policy on his house (February 2, 1858).","Both men write for Lewis to support the \"Right of Way\" bill by writing letters to representatives in the Legislature.","Patton discusses the legal case Mcfarlane vs Smith involving the seizure of enslaved persons by Smith and Patton's lack of interest in politics (May 13, 1834); Patton's opinion in regard to a will (December 1, 1835); he expresses his willingness to apply for an appeal in the case referred to by Lewis, but he has not received any information about it (October 16, 1846); supplies information about the case, Young vs Johnson (January 27, 1854); and his opinion about the revival of suits of unlawful detainer in Tennent vs Pipers (July 22, incomplete letter).","Pendleton asks Lewis to support fellow Whig, James F. Matthew of Rappahannock for Speaker in the House of Delegates (September 1847). He also asks for Lewis' support if he is offered a position in the Foreign Diplomatic Service by the current Secretary of state (November 8, 1850).","Asks Lewis to come and visit him.","Rives thanks Lewis for his kind words about Rives' speech on the Tariff and the views of Lewis about national policy and the presidential election expressed in his letter; writes enthusiastically about Henry Clay, the Whig candidate for President; and the possible support of New York for Clay's election (1844 October 21); in a draft copy, Lewis writes to Rives, who is as one of the Visitors at the University of Virginia, recommending James C. Welling for the Chair of History and General Literature, with his qualifications (1856 December 8); while no longer a Visitor at the University of Virginia, Rives writes that he has placed the recommendation of Lewis, with his own support for Welling, before the Rector (1856 December 8).","Describes in great detail her visit to physicians in Philadelphia, their diagnosis of ovarian dropsy, her successful operation and recovery.","Asks Lewis to support his brother-in-law, Edward S. Joynes for the appointment of professor of Greek and Latin at William and Mary if Mr. Barnwell has indeed turned down the appointment.","The Virginia Whig state convention has just come to its conclusion, with Mr. Fillmore as the first choice of the majority instead of General Winfield Scott who had not come out in favor of \"the Compromise.\" The writer is afraid of a possible break with the northern branch of the Whig party due to their agitation against enslavement and support of \"free soil.\" (April 17, 1852); George Washington Lewis responds that he has been very busy with his court duties but has read and approves of all the resolutions. Lewis also hopes that the North will be \"compelled to execute the fugitive slave law faithfully and energetically\" and opposes any movement of the Virginia Whigs to unite with the Democrats (1852 May 7).","Recommends his nephew, Edwin Taliaferro, for the Chair of Modern Languages at William and Mary College, with his qualifications (1858 May 19) and Lewis, as the newest member of the Board of Visitors there, suggests having associates and friends from the Richmond area also forward recommendations on Taliaferro's behalf (1858 May 22).","Asks if Lewis will write editorials for his newspaper in return for free issues and discusses the upcoming Democratic? Convention in Baltimore, Maryland, with Andrew Stevenson (1784-1857) as their speaker, to nominate a presidential candidate for the 1848? election.","Sheffey writes to Dangerfield Lewis and his brother, Samuel Lewis, concerning the possibility of recovering lands presently in the state of Kentucky patented to his father, George Lewis, for a fee. The lands had been forfeited due to non-payment of taxes.","Declines to interfere in the selection of clerks for the various bureaus under his authority, concerning the request by Colonel Hungerford for an appointment. Lewis had sent a recommendation for Hungerford to Stuart.","Stuart sends Jim, probably an enslaved worker who is anxious to see his family, to Lewis. Jim travels by horse due to the bad condition of the roads. He will delay his own visit, as his own children have the mumps. He also thanks Lewis for the speech he has sent for his boys to study when they are older.","Tayloe offers to read his essay before Lewis submits it to the Virginia State Agricultural Society for publication (October 14, 1854). He also discusses the date and concerns of an upcoming meeting of the Board of Visitors at William and Mary College (1858 May 21).","Includes two letters, the first from Alice Maria Lewis Wallace to her sister, \"Lulu\" Louise Lewis? (1873 November 24) and the second an undated draft of her letter to Captain Sooley? about Lewis family history.","If Lewis plans on attending the next Richmond County Court, Washington asks Lewis if he will take down the enclose bond of David B. Taylor and get the money from him. He also asks if Lewis will give an enclosed letter to Thomas S. Waugh which includes a check.","Washington describes his visit to Virginia with Mr. Turner and recalls pleasant memories involving Lewis. He also described the recent visit of Washington Irving to his home where Irving viewed several George Washington documents in his possession (1855 January 5). Regrets his illness has prevented his presence at a meeting with the Governor of Virginia to discuss the arrangements for \"embellishing\" the birthplace of George Washington and the tomb of his ancestors and a visit with Lewis at his home. He also requests on behalf of his friend, Mr. Turner, that Lewis give Turner the letter from George Washington to Turner's grandfather thanking him for a present of two pistols. In return, Washington promises to send Lewis a letter from Major George Lewis to his uncle, George Washington, endorsed on the back by Washington in his own hand (1858 May 10).","Washington forwards a letter from a woman to himself, in case Lewis can help her with information that he is unable to provide. The letter from the woman is not present.","Regrets that he is unable to attend the wedding of Lewis, due to pressing business in Washington (1856 May 9). Asks for Lewis' letter of support before the Board of Visitors in his nomination as Chair of Literature and History (1856 November 7) which draft copy is present (1856 November 27). Welling thanks Lewis for his support but has received word that the majority of the Board of Visitors support Professor Holmes for the position (1856 December 5); declines to publish his satiric piece on the Patent Office in \"The National Intelligencer\" for fear it will be used against Mr. Brown himself, urging his removal from office. He also noted that the \"Crittenden amendment\" prevailed in the House of Representatives on April 1st. (1858 March 31-April 1); thanks Lewis for his political piece that Welling will publish in tomorrow's paper and reveals that he is the author of the \"Calm Appeal\" addressed to the people of New Jersey and Pennsylvania about the political relations between North and South; mentions his distress at learning Dr. Wirt, Dabney Wirt and Mr. Wilson do not support the John Bell and Edward Everett Constitutional Union Party ticket (1860 August 24); and mentions the \"Peace Conference\" and his opinion of Abraham Lincoln's Cabinet members (1861 March 8).","Willis writes following the death of his wife, Mary W. Lewis Willis (1782-1834) about a guardianship for his son, Achille Murat Willis (1827-1908).","Commends his friend, William S. Pawson, Commission Merchant, Baltimore, to Lewis, as an experienced man of the highest respectability and standing, March 31, 1843, accompanying a letter from Pawson himself, June 22, 1843, explaining why he has not yet visited in person and that his chief area of business in Virginia was selling grain from the Eastern Shore.","Mary discusses the Civil War activity in her state of Kentucky where forces had already begun to break the neutrality established by the governor. She mentions hostile forces under Union General Johnson near Paducah, Kentucky and forces under Confederate General Leonidas Polk; the arrest of ex-Governor Charles S. Morehead and other prominent men; and the numbers of local men who have left the county to join the Confederate army. They have plenty of food but clothing and other goods are hard to get and they are making do with old clothes thought past mending. Mary has also sold eggs for the first time and bought a lamp made in Pittsburgh.","Lewis recorded, in an \"Richardson's Virginia and North Carolina Almanac for 1849,\" agricultural details, church services, weather, the death of his son, Sam, at 13 years on July 1, 1849, and his wife Jane, on July 31, 1849; He also noted that Thomas left for school at Mr. Cameron's at King George Courthouse in September and Harry to Rappahannock Academy in October. Also the printed portions listed judges and elected government officials.","This includes two financial documents; an engraving of \"Memorials of Washington\"; a torn printed page about George Washington; a copy of a news clipping about Lewis genealogy; a Civil War document granting permission for 48 hour leave to Captain? Lewis (December 28, 1864); a legal agreement between George Washington Lewis and Riley G. Samuel (March 16, 1874), for the recovery and sale of Green River land in Kentucky; a copy of a childhood poem by Alice Lewis; a writing by George Washington Lewis, giving his opinion about Lord Macauley and his work, to his daughter Alice; and a single used three-cent stamp featuring George Washington.","The memorandum discusses his lack of knowledge about the Spencer Estate in Great Britain. He also promises to send some of his printed essays for her scrapbook and closes with a postscript about the death of her Uncle, Fielding.","Photographs of the Lewis family include: Robert Byrd Lewis and his wife, Laura Louisa Parran Lewis; George Lewis (son of Dr. Thomas M. Lewis) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (daughter of GWL); Henry Howell Lewis (brother of GWL), copy made in 1966; Mrs. Oliver Funsten, Lucy Lewis (daughter of GWL), copy made in 1966; \"Claymont\" home of Judge George W. Lewis and family; Judge George Washington Lewis; Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862) son of GWL; cartes-de-visite of Robert Byrd Lewis; Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (son of GWL), copy made in 1966. Also includes a photograph of the coat of arms and motto of the Lewis family.","Paper copies of photographs include one of \"Shellfield,\" home of Samuel Lewis and birthplace of George W. Lewis; \"Marmion,\" home of Daingerfield Lewis, King George County, Virginia, taken 1904 by Lucy Lewis Funsten; and a \"View from the front porch of \"Claymont,\" home of Judge George Washington Lewis, Westmoreland County, Virginia, taken by Lucy Lewis Funsten, July 1906.","This is a hand-written copy of a letter purporting to have been left by Jesus Christ sixty-five years after his crucifixion and found under a stone, 18 miles from Jerusalem. Judith W. Lewis sent this copy to her friend for inspirational purposes.","This collection is open for research.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16413","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/965"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Washington Lewis papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["George Washington Lewis papers"],"collection_ssim":["George Washington Lewis papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Lewis family"],"geogname_ssim":["Lewis family"],"creator_ssm":["Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"creator_ssim":["Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"creators_ssim":["Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"places_ssim":["Lewis family"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection is open for research."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the University of Virginia Special Collections Library by Betty Works Fuller, a descendant of George Washington Lewis, on April 5, 2018. These papers were received by Lucy Robb Winston Works (1916-2016) from several members of her family and she preserved them as a collection."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","enslavement","enslaved persons","Politics and government","Manuscripts (documents)","photographs","letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","enslavement","enslaved persons","Politics and government","Manuscripts (documents)","photographs","letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good."],"extent_ssm":[".75 Cubic Feet 2 boxes; 1 legal document box and 1 half-size legal document box."],"extent_tesim":[".75 Cubic Feet 2 boxes; 1 legal document box and 1 half-size legal document box."],"physfacet_tesim":["Roughly 0.75 cubic feet\n of material  "],"genreform_ssim":["Manuscripts (documents)","photographs","letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been arranged in two series, Correspondence and the Lewis family miscellany files. The correspondence is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the correspondent.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection has been arranged in two series, Correspondence and the Lewis family miscellany files. The correspondence is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the correspondent."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJudge George Washington Lewis (1803/4-1879) was born at \"Shellfield,\" Colonial Beach, Virginia, and died at \"Claymont,\" Westmoreland County, Virginia, the son of Samuel Lewis (1780-1840) and Sarah Attaway Miller (1785-1822) and grandson of George Lewis (1757-1821) and Catherine Daingerfield (1784-1820). Lewis was a lawyer, educated at the University of Virginia. He was married first to Jane Brockenbrough Lewis (1810-1849) and they had six children: Anna Louisa Lewis (1830-1897); Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862); Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (1833-1910); Samuel Lewis (1836-1849); Robert Byrd Lewis (1841-1897) and Lucy Pratt Lewis Funsten (1844-1909). His second wife was Lucy Anne Robb (1823-1891) and they had two children, Jane Vivian Lewis Long (1858-1931) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (1861-190).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrancis Burt served in the South Carolina General Assembly for twelve years, 1832-1844. In 1853 he was appointed an auditor at the U.S. Treasury Department. In 1854, Burt was selected by President Pierce as the first Governor of the Nebraska Territory but died just a few days after taking the oath of office.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs shown in these three letters, \"In 1846 and again ten years later there were efforts to pull Carter out of political retirement, the first time as Whig nominee for the State Senate, the second as Union Candidates for Congress (Virginia's 8th District). In each instance Carter politely but firmly declined to be a candidate. See, for example, his letter to the \"Richmond Whig\", July 21, 1856\" (quoted from a note from the finding aid for MSS 1959, -a, -c in UVA Special Collections).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry Bankhead Lewis was killed in the Battle of Seven Pines, May 31-June 1, 1862.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondent was probably Mary Willis Lewis (1812-1886), daughter of Major Samuel Lewis, who married John Casey, Union, Kentucky, in 1829. The recipient is probably her brother, George Washington Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to a Wikipedia article about Kentucky in the Civil War, \"Kentucky was a border state of key importance in the American Civil War. It officially declared its neutrality at the beginning of the war, but after a failed attempt by Confederate General Leonidas Polk to take the state of Kentucky for the Confederacy, the legislature petitioned the Union Army for assistance.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Judge George Washington Lewis (1803/4-1879) was born at \"Shellfield,\" Colonial Beach, Virginia, and died at \"Claymont,\" Westmoreland County, Virginia, the son of Samuel Lewis (1780-1840) and Sarah Attaway Miller (1785-1822) and grandson of George Lewis (1757-1821) and Catherine Daingerfield (1784-1820). Lewis was a lawyer, educated at the University of Virginia. He was married first to Jane Brockenbrough Lewis (1810-1849) and they had six children: Anna Louisa Lewis (1830-1897); Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862); Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (1833-1910); Samuel Lewis (1836-1849); Robert Byrd Lewis (1841-1897) and Lucy Pratt Lewis Funsten (1844-1909). His second wife was Lucy Anne Robb (1823-1891) and they had two children, Jane Vivian Lewis Long (1858-1931) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (1861-190).","Francis Burt served in the South Carolina General Assembly for twelve years, 1832-1844. In 1853 he was appointed an auditor at the U.S. Treasury Department. In 1854, Burt was selected by President Pierce as the first Governor of the Nebraska Territory but died just a few days after taking the oath of office.","As shown in these three letters, \"In 1846 and again ten years later there were efforts to pull Carter out of political retirement, the first time as Whig nominee for the State Senate, the second as Union Candidates for Congress (Virginia's 8th District). In each instance Carter politely but firmly declined to be a candidate. See, for example, his letter to the \"Richmond Whig\", July 21, 1856\" (quoted from a note from the finding aid for MSS 1959, -a, -c in UVA Special Collections).","Henry Bankhead Lewis was killed in the Battle of Seven Pines, May 31-June 1, 1862.","The correspondent was probably Mary Willis Lewis (1812-1886), daughter of Major Samuel Lewis, who married John Casey, Union, Kentucky, in 1829. The recipient is probably her brother, George Washington Lewis.","According to a Wikipedia article about Kentucky in the Civil War, \"Kentucky was a border state of key importance in the American Civil War. It officially declared its neutrality at the beginning of the war, but after a failed attempt by Confederate General Leonidas Polk to take the state of Kentucky for the Confederacy, the legislature petitioned the Union Army for assistance.\""],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis material contains racist language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning"],"odd_tesim":["This material contains racist language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese copies were made presumably by Lucy Lewis Funsten and the location of originals are unknown.\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["These copies were made presumably by Lucy Lewis Funsten and the location of originals are unknown."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Washington Lewis papers, MSS 16413, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["George Washington Lewis papers, MSS 16413, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe George Washington Lewis papers consists chiefly of correspondence to and from George Washington Lewis and between other family members, but also includes a few photographs of the Lewis family and the homes of \"Claymont\", \"Shellfield\" and \"Marmion\"; a plat of \"Claymont\"; newsclippings; notes on Lewis family history and genealogy; and a few financial and legal documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBayly discusses the handling of the case of Molly Butler and his lack of time for correspondence due to his work on the Foreign Affairs Committee and his poor health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is a letter of condolence upon the death of George Washington Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSends a note saying that Willis and family have been delayed due to an accident to their carriage and sends personal regards from Mary Berkeley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrockenbrough welcomes \"the young Mr. McDaniel\" recommended by Lewis into his class at the Lexington Law School for instruction and has sent him one of his Law School circulars.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBurke sends a brief note about the life of Fielding Lewis and refers to the \"Samoan disaster\" account in \"The Washington Post.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe writes that he is forwarding the amount owed for the pension of Molly Butler up to her death on June 13, 1852, through Representative Bayly to George Washington Lewis, who is the administrator of Butler's estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCameron requests a letter of recommendation from Lewis for the recently created position of Chair of Greek and Hebrew at the University of Virginia, August 4, 1856. In his second letter, June 23, 1857, Princeton, New Jersey, he shares his plans to sail for Europe in a week, where he will spend about a year to travel and study.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Campbell writes in great detail about the settlement of the estate of the father of Samuel Lewis, the claims of Lewis for enslaved persons willed to him by his father and a reference to others captured by the British (during the War of 1812?) and the need to secure the future of \"Bushfield Plantation\" which will have to be sold.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSupplies the names of two merchant tailors, Charles H. Lane and William Tucker, that he had omitted in his previous letter (not present), for their legal claim against Mastin Davis?, that he is sending to Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Armistead Carter writes to Lewis for help with business arrangements with tenants on his property near Lewis, especially in collecting the rent from Mr. Baker. This concern continues into his second letter, where he responds to the information sent to him by Lewis, but he also discusses the possible sale of one of his enslaved men, William, who is around 41 years old. William's enslaved brother, Enoch, is a few years older and belongs to E. Conway. Carter asks Lewis to tell him what he can get for him, if he can find a good master, as \"I would not sell him to the traders.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe tries to cheer up Lewis in political matters, urging all leaders to promote education and express a sympathic attitude of helpfulness to the masses, with a regular and efficent system of government. He also writes about his religious views at length. Carter returns to political topics, declaring that he is not a candidate himself. Carter served in the Virginia House of Delegates both before and after the Civil War, representing the Loudoun district.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarter, while declining to be a candidate for political office, expresses grave concern over the recent action by the United States, termed by him the \"rapid acquisition of foreign territory by the proclamation of our royal masters pro-consuls? What has become of the Constitution, and those who were so zealous in its defense?\" in his letter of December 10, 1846. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn his letter, March 26, 1857, he protests the creation of abolitionist territories and states from public lands by Congress without reference to specific documents or acts, dates and the amounts of such lands transferred from the \"common treasury\" and the resulting disadvantages to the \"old states\" as a result. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe third letter continues the discussion about the territories, their constitutions, and their eventual admission to the United States, his surprise over the recent election in Kansas on the slavery provision in their constitution, and the lack of interesting bills in the Legislature (1858 January 2).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAgrees with the apprehensive assessment of Lewis about the state of domestic relations in the United States and abroad but fears the worst situation is at home. He points to the \"spring occurrences in Kansas\" and fears that the consequences will be dire. He also believes that \"the North will send men, money and arms\" to Kansas to promote a \"bloody collision.\" Casey writes that he believes that the Martin Van Buren platform of 1848 laid the groundwork for the current state of things, interrupted briefly by the Compromise of 1850-1851. He believes that the only ones to benefit from the \"Know Nothing\" party will be the \"Black Republicans.\" He closes with personal regards and news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTells Lewis that the proposition contained in the last two letters from Lewis to him cannot be pushed through the General Assembly at the end of the session because almost everyone has gone home. A similar proposal faced opposition during the session. Claybrook says that Chairman Pendleton has promised to pursue it in the next session in the winter. He also refers to the passage of a bill in the House on March 4th concerning the escape of fugitive enslaved persons and \"the rights and disabilities of free negroes.\" Claybrook also writes in detail about the prospects of Millard Fillmore and other candidates for the Presidential election and disagrees with Lewis that the Union is in danger.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDavis agrees to take up the lawsuit of Carter v. Taylor, should the pending negotiations fail.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDickinson represents two sisters, Mrs. Gray and Mrs. Bankhead, in the sale of three fourths of a tract of land in Caroline County. He writes to Daingerfield Lewis as the executor of George Lewis, who was owner of one of the fourths of the tract of land. He asks if Lewis will commit to a division of the tract or agree to a sale of the land as a unit and asks him to send written instructions in his role as the executor of George Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsks for advice from Lewis on how to best present his proposal for the James River and Kanawha Canal before the Legislature in his first letter and thanks him for his advice in his second letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdward Everett,  May 26, 1860, thanks Lewis for sending him one of George Washington's autograph letters which he terms \"a precious relic.\" With Everett's letter is a hand-written draft copy of G.W. Lewis' original letter, May 24, 1860, sent to Edward Everett when he mailed the Washington letter as an enclosure. In that letter, he expresses a great deal of appreciation for Everett's character and political career.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Stoddert Ewell, president of William and Mary, writes concerning the college fees and progress of Robert Byrd Lewis, the son of George Washington Lewis, as a student at William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eForbes is running for office as a Whig candidate against Mr. Holladay and attempts to explain to Lewis and other voters why he is speaking at the Spotsylvania Court House instead of the Westmoreland Court House. In his second letter, Forbes expresses his opposition to the Northern men who are trying to enforce their anti-slavery views in the Territories and using direct taxation upon enslaved persons to attempt to bring about the destruction of the practice of enslavement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeclines to publish an article by Lewis in its present form which criticizes a sculpture by Horatio Greenough. Greenough was just recently deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGodfrey requests any information about Captain George Lewis (1757-1821), an officer in the Commander-in-Chief's Guard, and his family, or a likeness or image of Lewis, for his book \"The Commander-in-Chief's Guard, Revolutionary War\" (1902); thanks her for allowing him to photograph the payroll of Captain Lewis' troop, which is the only one in existence and warns her about the need for its care, also sharing the interest of Mr. Ford, Library of Congress, in its purchase (January 8, 1903).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncloses a letter (not present) from their mutual friend, Henry P. Irving of Richmond, Virginia, and expresses the hope of still meeting Lewis before leaving the county.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDespite his loss in the recent political contest, Goggin is thankful for the formation of new friendships and the renewal of old friendships, none more than his with Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites a detailed letter about the Lewis genealogy in the United States and explains why he cannot use her Lewis data in his book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExpresses his concern that Lewis had not received his second letter containing the papers which he returned since nothing more could be done with them at his office and he was afraid he would misplace them (April 6, 1846). Hunter plans on sending a letter to Confederate President Jefferson Davis with the valuable information that Lewis has sent. The Virginia generals expect the enemy to send troops from Fredericksburg to General George McClellan but will not know it until they receive the news through Lewis. He believes that McClellan is probably preparing for another effort but where he will re-organize his forces was a matter of doubt when Hunter left Richmond (July 8, 1862).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProvides a detailed list of historical authors to read and study for a good grasp of history, and an elementary work for law,  written to Lewis as a student at the University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis wrote to Badger April 2, 1841, concerning his application to fill the Navy agent vacancy at Pensacola, Florida. His letter was accompanied by a petition signed by friends and supporters recommending Lewis for the job. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso present are  letters from individuals to either President Tyler or Secretary Badger, including John M. Botts, Thomas H. Botts, Thomas Miller, and William Henry Washington, all April 1841, and a letter to Lewis from Willoughby? Newton, April 24, 1841, indicating that he has also written to the President in support. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSince the harvest has been so good, he asks Baylor to send a contribution to help the ladies' fund extricate the local neighborhood church from indebtedness.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese letters include a warning against homesickness while away at Mrs. McGuire's Boarding School, their closeness to her through letters and travel, and news of their community and friends (October 15, 1875); gives permission for her to come home at Christmas if Etta comes home as well (December 9, 1875); a discussion about her mistakes in letter writing and family news (March 28, 1876); sends money to pay for her washing while at school and expects her uncle Henry from Baltimore to visit (December 4, 1876); his uneasiness over her health and disparaging remarks about some Negroes who supposedly stole a large amount of bacon from his meat house (January 26, 1877); sends her money to pay for his subscription to a paper and hopes to see her at Easter (February 9, 1877); and sends rules for speaking and writing, several books for her studies and family news (October 11, 1877).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this incomplete letter, Lewis asks whether the enslaved man William arrived home safely with the items he sent from Fredericksburg. He then reflects upon the distress of the family he left behind due to the long illness and sudden death of Betty Washington Lewis Ashton? (1816-1843) and the poor helpless infants she left behind. Lewis urges Jane to not  forget to renew the supply of provisions to the enslaved people at home and to send the enslaved man William to \"Claymont\" for a cart to bring the enslaved woman Aggy home. Lewis plans to hire her out when he comes home and asks if Fielding will hire her out for him before then if he can.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHis first letter speaks of his plans to educate Louisa as well as her brothers (January 22, 1843); Lewis complains about the lack of letters from Louisa while he has been in Berkeley Springs and talks about the loss of both his wife Jane and son Sam during the summer, his sorrow, and his poor health (September 3, 1849); Lewis has returned to Washington from Bath Springs and gives an account of his travels and of the family around Washington (September 6, 1849); Lewis describes his visit to his son Tom, in his camp at Petersburg, Virginia,where he found his tent to be insufficient for winter. Lewis discusses his hope for Tom's transfer to Richmond, and his introduction of Tom to Senator Collier from Petersburg. Lewis is thankful they have heard from Byrd and that he is well, since the cavalry has undergone the heaviest fighting so far. He mentions the deaths of St. Tomas Tayloe and Captain Newton, shares all the news about General Lee's front that he knows, says that he doesn't expect a decisive campaign in northern Virginia this fall and fears the loss of Tennessee, the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad and the South's saltworks. Also writes that the various quarrels between the Confederate generals could be disastrous and fears the rapid depreciation of Confederate money (October 20, 1863).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis writes to Lucy while she is away visiting her mother and sister Eliza, mentions neighborhood news and refers to two enslaved servants, Brooks who is repairing the kitchen and Margaret who he has had difficulties hiring out (December 31, 1857); writing from the Richmond Senate chamber, Lewis tells of unfavorable news for the Confederacy, mentions the capture of Cumberland Gap, the burning of Bristol, the presence of seven regiments of cavalry, which were cutting off General Jones, forcing Lee to fall back to Richmond and leaving most of Virginia undefended. Lewis states that he may not be able to get home for a while and shares that the Legislature was busy drafting measures for defending the state, calling upon all men 45-60 to be enlisted, including physicians. He tells Lucy to plan on the safest place to stay should the enemy forces overrun the state (September 21, 1863). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLewis describes his visit to his son, Dr. Thomas Lewis, at White Post, Clarke County, for the recovery of his health, including the beauty of the Shenandoah Valley, his homesickness, meeting several persons including the Snowdens and Bishop Meade's family, his son's medical practice, his wife Maria and son, and his anxiety at not hearing from home (August 26 and September 2, 1872). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLewis describes a visit to Charlottesville where he was the oldest alumnus present, meeting his college friend, Governor Swann there. He mentions the speech of Senator Bayard of Delaware, dinner at Professor Minor's, the alumni dinner on the third where he sat with Johnson Barbour and heard many wonderful speakers, excepting the one by his friend Governor Swann who had previously enjoyed too much alcohol at Professor Mallet's. Professor Minor recalled Henry Byrd as a diligent student and Professor Socrates Maupin, who had served with Byrd in the 9th Virginia Cavalry, and also sent his regards (July 5, 1873).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis writes to his son after a visit and says how much he misses him and Georgie, his only grandchild. Hopes that he will have a hand in his education when the time comes. States that his family is his chief comfort in old age.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites from \"Clifton Hill,\" Morganfield, Kentucky, as a young boy of family news (March 20, 1818); from White Sulphur Springs (January 28, 1822) and from \"Claymont\" as a grown man writing of the safe arrival of his Aunt Harriet (October 29, 1835).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses in detail the recent Whig Convention and the need for the Northern part of the Whig party to honor the Compromise and enforce the laws concerning fugitive enslaved persons laws or have a different organization altogether. But Lewis also does not want to coalesce with the Democratic party. He feels that Fillmore would come the nearest of getting the Virginia vote.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis thanks her for her beautiful New Year's gift.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis discusses in detail the possibility of increasing Henry Clay's popularity in Virginia and other political details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry writes a brief letter to his sister Louisa who is away at school and staying with the Millers, which includes a long postscript from George Washington Lewis to his daughter (March 28, 1846).Henry Lewis writes to George Washington Lewis from Camp Hooe? to acknowledge his father's letter and the sword that he sent him. Henry describes the life of a soldier while on duty guarding the Point, which is about six miles from Winsor, standing picket duty for 24 hours at a time and camping rough with only brush and planks as protection from the weather and subject to annoyance from ticks, chiggers, mosquitoes, and other insects. He also mentions the complaining in camp, lack of discipline in the ranks and lack of fortification with cannon on the Point. He mentions that he is part of the 47th Regiment under Lt. Colonel William Green,and he predicts a long and severe war (July 10, 1861).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharacterizes his most recent voyage as disagreeable and uninteresting. The purpose of the voyage was to transport Commodore Dallas to Chagres in New Granada, where he then made his way across the Isthmus of Panama to his new ship on the Pacific side, accompanied by Murat Willis. His ship remained in Chagres for two months and Lewis describes the area, its people of mixed ancestry, the long rainy season, unhealthy conditions, the presence of leprosy, and luxuriant vegetation. Later they sailed for Kingston, Jamaica, with English officers as passengers who showed them hospitality. Lord Elgin and Kincardine (1811-1863) was the Governor of the island. Afterwards they returned to Chagres and then home.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry H. Lewis writes concerning family genealogy and news. He also mentions his health issues and issues invitations to visit.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJane Lewis writes to her daughter Louisa who is staying with her uncle Dr. Thomas Miller and Aunt Virginia Miller (1844) and William Miller (1846) while attending school in Washington. She includes news of the family and neighborhood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLouisa Lewis writes her father concerning her tuiton bill at Mrs. I.H. Bure's? dated November 25, 1845.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\tNote on the letter says that Lucy was visiting her cousin Ella Waring at \"Malverne,\" Essex County, Virginia, while her father was in the Senate in Richmond. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShe regrets his worry over reports of the Yankee visit to their neighborhood while he was away. She assures him that the accounts were exaggerated and that the Yankees have departed after taking as many horses as they could capture, around sixty. Infantry were landed from gunboats which took off grain. \"They only had pickets posted at the forks of the roads above Claymont.\" She then gave him as much news about friends and family that she could.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe writes a practice letter as a child to his mother and mentions a visit from Mr. Burke and his own desire to go out hunting chestnuts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShe writes while he is away for schooling, praises him for his progress in learning and promises to send both her sons money when they have some.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAssures her mother that all are well after their arrival at Willis Hill a week ago but are anxious to hear how everyone is at Port Royal. She complains that she has not received any letters from the girls since their return from \"Albany.\" She mentions that John and Eliza go to school in town with Miss Judy Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThomas wishes his sister would come home since he misses her, mentions sickness in the family, schooling while at home, and news of friends and relatives. Includes a note from her father, George Washington Lewis as well (November 24, 1845).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA very long letter full of genealogical questions to answer and supplying some information about the Lewis family in the United States. Lewis noted on the letter that he answered it on May 10, 1858, referring him to Bishop Meade's book and John Minor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotifies him that his father, brother, and family arrived safely in good health, except for Major Lewis who is suffering from gout. He has delivered the enslaved man John to the recipient's brother Sam in Weedon Lick, Union County, Kentucky, according to the instructions in his letter. About the enslaved man John, Lewis writes \"John is very much averse to returning to Virginia. In fact, he says he had rather die than return.\" Because of this, the recipient's father has suggested that his brother Sam is willing to purchase him and send him enough money to buy another enslaved person to replace John.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes four letters, chiefly of a social nature, one from an Aunt Maria to Mrs. George W. Lewis (1845 November 9); one from a child describing school activities, signed with initials only (1877 December); \"Your loving sister Millie, Nestledown, to \"My dear Aunt Lou?, (1887 August 30); and Ella B. Waring?, Glencom?, to her cousin  (undated).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn [Tayloe] Lomax (1781-1862?) writes to President John Tyler, recommending George Washington Lewis to be the Navy Agent at Pensacola, Florida (1841 April 22) and to George Washington Lewis about the inquiry of Lewis about the qualifications for Commonwealth's Attorney (1852 June 11 and July 13).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarye sympathizes with his lament about the passing away of the former notable men in the legal profession and the loss of character among its participants, and corrects Lewis's misunderstanding about a point he made about manumission, recommending a pamphlet by John Howard of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis agrees with Matthews that the accusation that his friend Mr. Hunter gambled while attending at the March Court in Westmoreland County in order to give a speech was entirely false and furnishes his own recollection of the occasion.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMayo thanks Lewis for his good opinion of his recently instituted newspaper, copies of which he had sent out as advertising to several of his friends in the Northern Neck area of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiller requests an autograph of George Washington for a friend, comments upon the lack of interesting bills before Congress, except for the Judiciary bill concerning the local district, and tells of meeting Lewis' daughter as part of the \"Marmion\" wedding party (January 1, 1855); shares his suggestion that Thomas, the son of George Washington Lewis, could work with him in the infirmary, putting up medicines and attending patients, and still attend to his studies for fifty dollars per annum (September 22, 1855); informs Lewis that due to the conditions at his school, Miller has advised Thomas Lewis to go to study at the medical school in Philadelphia right away and has loaned him the medical text books from his office, and he is to be accompanied by Ashton; he is also deeply distressed and mortified by William's behavior; and asks about politics in his area, mentioning several possible outcomes for the Presidential race (September 12, 1856).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites a condolence letter upon the death of Lucy's husband, George Washington Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinor thanks him for the arrival of the books and analyzes an article that Lewis wrote for a newspaper. The quality of the article would have made it more appropriate for a Review and it would have been more appreciated (June 24, 1848). Minor also requests information about a legal case, Belfield vs Vickers, where Lewis represents the defendant (June 27, 1848). He also asks if he knows of an authoritative account of the family of George Washington (January 26, 1858 and undated). Minor sends Lewis information on how to request an insurance policy on his house (February 2, 1858).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoth men write for Lewis to support the \"Right of Way\" bill by writing letters to representatives in the Legislature.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePatton discusses the legal case Mcfarlane vs Smith involving the seizure of enslaved persons by Smith and Patton's lack of interest in politics (May 13, 1834); Patton's opinion in regard to a will (December 1, 1835); he expresses his willingness to apply for an appeal in the case referred to by Lewis, but he has not received any information about it (October 16, 1846); supplies information about the case, Young vs Johnson (January 27, 1854); and his opinion about the revival of suits of unlawful detainer in Tennent vs Pipers (July 22, incomplete letter).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePendleton asks Lewis to support fellow Whig, James F. Matthew of Rappahannock for Speaker in the House of Delegates (September 1847). He also asks for Lewis' support if he is offered a position in the Foreign Diplomatic Service by the current Secretary of state (November 8, 1850).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsks Lewis to come and visit him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRives thanks Lewis for his kind words about Rives' speech on the Tariff and the views of Lewis about national policy and the presidential election expressed in his letter; writes enthusiastically about Henry Clay, the Whig candidate for President; and the possible support of New York for Clay's election (1844 October 21); in a draft copy, Lewis writes to Rives, who is as one of the Visitors at the University of Virginia, recommending James C. Welling for the Chair of History and General Literature, with his qualifications (1856 December 8); while no longer a Visitor at the University of Virginia, Rives writes that he has placed the recommendation of Lewis, with his own support for Welling, before the Rector (1856 December 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes in great detail her visit to physicians in Philadelphia, their diagnosis of ovarian dropsy, her successful operation and recovery.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsks Lewis to support his brother-in-law, Edward S. Joynes for the appointment of professor of Greek and Latin at William and Mary if Mr. Barnwell has indeed turned down the appointment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Whig state convention has just come to its conclusion, with Mr. Fillmore as the first choice of the majority instead of General Winfield Scott who had not come out in favor of \"the Compromise.\" The writer is afraid of a possible break with the northern branch of the Whig party due to their agitation against enslavement and support of \"free soil.\" (April 17, 1852); George Washington Lewis responds that he has been very busy with his court duties but has read and approves of all the resolutions. Lewis also hopes that the North will be \"compelled to execute the fugitive slave law faithfully and energetically\" and opposes any movement of the Virginia Whigs to unite with the Democrats (1852 May 7).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecommends his nephew, Edwin Taliaferro, for the Chair of Modern Languages at William and Mary College, with his qualifications (1858 May 19) and Lewis, as the newest member of the Board of Visitors there, suggests having associates and friends from the Richmond area also forward recommendations on Taliaferro's behalf (1858 May 22).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsks if Lewis will write editorials for his newspaper in return for free issues and discusses the upcoming Democratic? Convention in Baltimore, Maryland, with Andrew Stevenson (1784-1857) as their speaker, to nominate a presidential candidate for the 1848? election.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSheffey writes to Dangerfield Lewis and his brother, Samuel Lewis, concerning the possibility of recovering lands presently in the state of Kentucky patented to his father, George Lewis, for a fee. The lands had been forfeited due to non-payment of taxes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeclines to interfere in the selection of clerks for the various bureaus under his authority, concerning the request by Colonel Hungerford for an appointment. Lewis had sent a recommendation for Hungerford to Stuart.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStuart sends Jim, probably an enslaved worker who is anxious to see his family, to Lewis. Jim travels by horse due to the bad condition of the roads. He will delay his own visit, as his own children have the mumps. He also thanks Lewis for the speech he has sent for his boys to study when they are older.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTayloe offers to read his essay before Lewis submits it to the Virginia State Agricultural Society for publication (October 14, 1854). He also discusses the date and concerns of an upcoming meeting of the Board of Visitors at William and Mary College (1858 May 21).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes two letters, the first from Alice Maria Lewis Wallace to her sister, \"Lulu\" Louise Lewis? (1873 November 24) and the second an undated draft of her letter to Captain Sooley? about Lewis family history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIf Lewis plans on attending the next Richmond County Court, Washington asks Lewis if he will take down the enclose bond of David B. Taylor and get the money from him. He also asks if Lewis will give an enclosed letter to Thomas S. Waugh which includes a check.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWashington describes his visit to Virginia with Mr. Turner and recalls pleasant memories involving Lewis. He also described the recent visit of Washington Irving to his home where Irving viewed several George Washington documents in his possession (1855 January 5). Regrets his illness has prevented his presence at a meeting with the Governor of Virginia to discuss the arrangements for \"embellishing\" the birthplace of George Washington and the tomb of his ancestors and a visit with Lewis at his home. He also requests on behalf of his friend, Mr. Turner, that Lewis give Turner the letter from George Washington to Turner's grandfather thanking him for a present of two pistols. In return, Washington promises to send Lewis a letter from Major George Lewis to his uncle, George Washington, endorsed on the back by Washington in his own hand (1858 May 10).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWashington forwards a letter from a woman to himself, in case Lewis can help her with information that he is unable to provide. The letter from the woman is not present.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegrets that he is unable to attend the wedding of Lewis, due to pressing business in Washington (1856 May 9). Asks for Lewis' letter of support before the Board of Visitors in his nomination as Chair of Literature and History (1856 November 7) which draft copy is present (1856 November 27). Welling thanks Lewis for his support but has received word that the majority of the Board of Visitors support Professor Holmes for the position (1856 December 5); declines to publish his satiric piece on the Patent Office in \"The National Intelligencer\" for fear it will be used against Mr. Brown himself, urging his removal from office. He also noted that the \"Crittenden amendment\" prevailed in the House of Representatives on April 1st. (1858 March 31-April 1); thanks Lewis for his political piece that Welling will publish in tomorrow's paper and reveals that he is the author of the \"Calm Appeal\" addressed to the people of New Jersey and Pennsylvania about the political relations between North and South; mentions his distress at learning Dr. Wirt, Dabney Wirt and Mr. Wilson do not support the John Bell and Edward Everett Constitutional Union Party ticket (1860 August 24); and mentions the \"Peace Conference\" and his opinion of Abraham Lincoln's Cabinet members (1861 March 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWillis writes following the death of his wife, Mary W. Lewis Willis (1782-1834) about a guardianship for his son, Achille Murat Willis (1827-1908).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommends his friend, William S. Pawson, Commission Merchant, Baltimore, to Lewis, as an experienced man of the highest respectability and standing, March 31, 1843, accompanying a letter from Pawson himself, June 22, 1843, explaining why he has not yet visited in person and that his chief area of business in Virginia was selling grain from the Eastern Shore.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMary discusses the Civil War activity in her state of Kentucky where forces had already begun to break the neutrality established by the governor. She mentions hostile forces under Union General Johnson near Paducah, Kentucky and forces under Confederate General Leonidas Polk; the arrest of ex-Governor Charles S. Morehead and other prominent men; and the numbers of local men who have left the county to join the Confederate army. They have plenty of food but clothing and other goods are hard to get and they are making do with old clothes thought past mending. Mary has also sold eggs for the first time and bought a lamp made in Pittsburgh.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis recorded, in an \"Richardson's Virginia and North Carolina Almanac for 1849,\" agricultural details, church services, weather, the death of his son, Sam, at 13 years on July 1, 1849, and his wife Jane, on July 31, 1849; He also noted that Thomas left for school at Mr. Cameron's at King George Courthouse in September and Harry to Rappahannock Academy in October. Also the printed portions listed judges and elected government officials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis includes two financial documents; an engraving of \"Memorials of Washington\"; a torn printed page about George Washington; a copy of a news clipping about Lewis genealogy; a Civil War document granting permission for 48 hour leave to Captain? Lewis (December 28, 1864); a legal agreement between George Washington Lewis and Riley G. Samuel (March 16, 1874), for the recovery and sale of Green River land in Kentucky; a copy of a childhood poem by Alice Lewis; a writing by George Washington Lewis, giving his opinion about Lord Macauley and his work, to his daughter Alice; and a single used three-cent stamp featuring George Washington.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe memorandum discusses his lack of knowledge about the Spencer Estate in Great Britain. He also promises to send some of his printed essays for her scrapbook and closes with a postscript about the death of her Uncle, Fielding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs of the Lewis family include: Robert Byrd Lewis and his wife, Laura Louisa Parran Lewis; George Lewis (son of Dr. Thomas M. Lewis) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (daughter of GWL); Henry Howell Lewis (brother of GWL), copy made in 1966; Mrs. Oliver Funsten, Lucy Lewis (daughter of GWL), copy made in 1966; \"Claymont\" home of Judge George W. Lewis and family; Judge George Washington Lewis; Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862) son of GWL; cartes-de-visite of Robert Byrd Lewis; Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (son of GWL), copy made in 1966. Also includes a photograph of the coat of arms and motto of the Lewis family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePaper copies of photographs include one of \"Shellfield,\" home of Samuel Lewis and birthplace of George W. Lewis; \"Marmion,\" home of Daingerfield Lewis, King George County, Virginia, taken 1904 by Lucy Lewis Funsten; and a \"View from the front porch of \"Claymont,\" home of Judge George Washington Lewis, Westmoreland County, Virginia, taken by Lucy Lewis Funsten, July 1906.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is a hand-written copy of a letter purporting to have been left by Jesus Christ sixty-five years after his crucifixion and found under a stone, 18 miles from Jerusalem. Judith W. Lewis sent this copy to her friend for inspirational purposes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The George Washington Lewis papers consists chiefly of correspondence to and from George Washington Lewis and between other family members, but also includes a few photographs of the Lewis family and the homes of \"Claymont\", \"Shellfield\" and \"Marmion\"; a plat of \"Claymont\"; newsclippings; notes on Lewis family history and genealogy; and a few financial and legal documents.","Bayly discusses the handling of the case of Molly Butler and his lack of time for correspondence due to his work on the Foreign Affairs Committee and his poor health.","This is a letter of condolence upon the death of George Washington Lewis.","Sends a note saying that Willis and family have been delayed due to an accident to their carriage and sends personal regards from Mary Berkeley.","Brockenbrough welcomes \"the young Mr. McDaniel\" recommended by Lewis into his class at the Lexington Law School for instruction and has sent him one of his Law School circulars.","Burke sends a brief note about the life of Fielding Lewis and refers to the \"Samoan disaster\" account in \"The Washington Post.\"","He writes that he is forwarding the amount owed for the pension of Molly Butler up to her death on June 13, 1852, through Representative Bayly to George Washington Lewis, who is the administrator of Butler's estate.","Cameron requests a letter of recommendation from Lewis for the recently created position of Chair of Greek and Hebrew at the University of Virginia, August 4, 1856. In his second letter, June 23, 1857, Princeton, New Jersey, he shares his plans to sail for Europe in a week, where he will spend about a year to travel and study.","John Campbell writes in great detail about the settlement of the estate of the father of Samuel Lewis, the claims of Lewis for enslaved persons willed to him by his father and a reference to others captured by the British (during the War of 1812?) and the need to secure the future of \"Bushfield Plantation\" which will have to be sold.","Supplies the names of two merchant tailors, Charles H. Lane and William Tucker, that he had omitted in his previous letter (not present), for their legal claim against Mastin Davis?, that he is sending to Lewis.","John Armistead Carter writes to Lewis for help with business arrangements with tenants on his property near Lewis, especially in collecting the rent from Mr. Baker. This concern continues into his second letter, where he responds to the information sent to him by Lewis, but he also discusses the possible sale of one of his enslaved men, William, who is around 41 years old. William's enslaved brother, Enoch, is a few years older and belongs to E. Conway. Carter asks Lewis to tell him what he can get for him, if he can find a good master, as \"I would not sell him to the traders.\" ","He tries to cheer up Lewis in political matters, urging all leaders to promote education and express a sympathic attitude of helpfulness to the masses, with a regular and efficent system of government. He also writes about his religious views at length. Carter returns to political topics, declaring that he is not a candidate himself. Carter served in the Virginia House of Delegates both before and after the Civil War, representing the Loudoun district.","Carter, while declining to be a candidate for political office, expresses grave concern over the recent action by the United States, termed by him the \"rapid acquisition of foreign territory by the proclamation of our royal masters pro-consuls? What has become of the Constitution, and those who were so zealous in its defense?\" in his letter of December 10, 1846. ","In his letter, March 26, 1857, he protests the creation of abolitionist territories and states from public lands by Congress without reference to specific documents or acts, dates and the amounts of such lands transferred from the \"common treasury\" and the resulting disadvantages to the \"old states\" as a result. ","The third letter continues the discussion about the territories, their constitutions, and their eventual admission to the United States, his surprise over the recent election in Kansas on the slavery provision in their constitution, and the lack of interesting bills in the Legislature (1858 January 2).","Agrees with the apprehensive assessment of Lewis about the state of domestic relations in the United States and abroad but fears the worst situation is at home. He points to the \"spring occurrences in Kansas\" and fears that the consequences will be dire. He also believes that \"the North will send men, money and arms\" to Kansas to promote a \"bloody collision.\" Casey writes that he believes that the Martin Van Buren platform of 1848 laid the groundwork for the current state of things, interrupted briefly by the Compromise of 1850-1851. He believes that the only ones to benefit from the \"Know Nothing\" party will be the \"Black Republicans.\" He closes with personal regards and news.","Tells Lewis that the proposition contained in the last two letters from Lewis to him cannot be pushed through the General Assembly at the end of the session because almost everyone has gone home. A similar proposal faced opposition during the session. Claybrook says that Chairman Pendleton has promised to pursue it in the next session in the winter. He also refers to the passage of a bill in the House on March 4th concerning the escape of fugitive enslaved persons and \"the rights and disabilities of free negroes.\" Claybrook also writes in detail about the prospects of Millard Fillmore and other candidates for the Presidential election and disagrees with Lewis that the Union is in danger.","Davis agrees to take up the lawsuit of Carter v. Taylor, should the pending negotiations fail.","Dickinson represents two sisters, Mrs. Gray and Mrs. Bankhead, in the sale of three fourths of a tract of land in Caroline County. He writes to Daingerfield Lewis as the executor of George Lewis, who was owner of one of the fourths of the tract of land. He asks if Lewis will commit to a division of the tract or agree to a sale of the land as a unit and asks him to send written instructions in his role as the executor of George Lewis.","Asks for advice from Lewis on how to best present his proposal for the James River and Kanawha Canal before the Legislature in his first letter and thanks him for his advice in his second letter.","Edward Everett,  May 26, 1860, thanks Lewis for sending him one of George Washington's autograph letters which he terms \"a precious relic.\" With Everett's letter is a hand-written draft copy of G.W. Lewis' original letter, May 24, 1860, sent to Edward Everett when he mailed the Washington letter as an enclosure. In that letter, he expresses a great deal of appreciation for Everett's character and political career.","Benjamin Stoddert Ewell, president of William and Mary, writes concerning the college fees and progress of Robert Byrd Lewis, the son of George Washington Lewis, as a student at William and Mary.","Forbes is running for office as a Whig candidate against Mr. Holladay and attempts to explain to Lewis and other voters why he is speaking at the Spotsylvania Court House instead of the Westmoreland Court House. In his second letter, Forbes expresses his opposition to the Northern men who are trying to enforce their anti-slavery views in the Territories and using direct taxation upon enslaved persons to attempt to bring about the destruction of the practice of enslavement.","Declines to publish an article by Lewis in its present form which criticizes a sculpture by Horatio Greenough. Greenough was just recently deceased.","Godfrey requests any information about Captain George Lewis (1757-1821), an officer in the Commander-in-Chief's Guard, and his family, or a likeness or image of Lewis, for his book \"The Commander-in-Chief's Guard, Revolutionary War\" (1902); thanks her for allowing him to photograph the payroll of Captain Lewis' troop, which is the only one in existence and warns her about the need for its care, also sharing the interest of Mr. Ford, Library of Congress, in its purchase (January 8, 1903).","Encloses a letter (not present) from their mutual friend, Henry P. Irving of Richmond, Virginia, and expresses the hope of still meeting Lewis before leaving the county.","Despite his loss in the recent political contest, Goggin is thankful for the formation of new friendships and the renewal of old friendships, none more than his with Lewis.","Writes a detailed letter about the Lewis genealogy in the United States and explains why he cannot use her Lewis data in his book.","Expresses his concern that Lewis had not received his second letter containing the papers which he returned since nothing more could be done with them at his office and he was afraid he would misplace them (April 6, 1846). Hunter plans on sending a letter to Confederate President Jefferson Davis with the valuable information that Lewis has sent. The Virginia generals expect the enemy to send troops from Fredericksburg to General George McClellan but will not know it until they receive the news through Lewis. He believes that McClellan is probably preparing for another effort but where he will re-organize his forces was a matter of doubt when Hunter left Richmond (July 8, 1862).","Provides a detailed list of historical authors to read and study for a good grasp of history, and an elementary work for law,  written to Lewis as a student at the University of Virginia.","Lewis wrote to Badger April 2, 1841, concerning his application to fill the Navy agent vacancy at Pensacola, Florida. His letter was accompanied by a petition signed by friends and supporters recommending Lewis for the job. ","Also present are  letters from individuals to either President Tyler or Secretary Badger, including John M. Botts, Thomas H. Botts, Thomas Miller, and William Henry Washington, all April 1841, and a letter to Lewis from Willoughby? Newton, April 24, 1841, indicating that he has also written to the President in support. ","Since the harvest has been so good, he asks Baylor to send a contribution to help the ladies' fund extricate the local neighborhood church from indebtedness.","These letters include a warning against homesickness while away at Mrs. McGuire's Boarding School, their closeness to her through letters and travel, and news of their community and friends (October 15, 1875); gives permission for her to come home at Christmas if Etta comes home as well (December 9, 1875); a discussion about her mistakes in letter writing and family news (March 28, 1876); sends money to pay for her washing while at school and expects her uncle Henry from Baltimore to visit (December 4, 1876); his uneasiness over her health and disparaging remarks about some Negroes who supposedly stole a large amount of bacon from his meat house (January 26, 1877); sends her money to pay for his subscription to a paper and hopes to see her at Easter (February 9, 1877); and sends rules for speaking and writing, several books for her studies and family news (October 11, 1877).","In this incomplete letter, Lewis asks whether the enslaved man William arrived home safely with the items he sent from Fredericksburg. He then reflects upon the distress of the family he left behind due to the long illness and sudden death of Betty Washington Lewis Ashton? (1816-1843) and the poor helpless infants she left behind. Lewis urges Jane to not  forget to renew the supply of provisions to the enslaved people at home and to send the enslaved man William to \"Claymont\" for a cart to bring the enslaved woman Aggy home. Lewis plans to hire her out when he comes home and asks if Fielding will hire her out for him before then if he can.","His first letter speaks of his plans to educate Louisa as well as her brothers (January 22, 1843); Lewis complains about the lack of letters from Louisa while he has been in Berkeley Springs and talks about the loss of both his wife Jane and son Sam during the summer, his sorrow, and his poor health (September 3, 1849); Lewis has returned to Washington from Bath Springs and gives an account of his travels and of the family around Washington (September 6, 1849); Lewis describes his visit to his son Tom, in his camp at Petersburg, Virginia,where he found his tent to be insufficient for winter. Lewis discusses his hope for Tom's transfer to Richmond, and his introduction of Tom to Senator Collier from Petersburg. Lewis is thankful they have heard from Byrd and that he is well, since the cavalry has undergone the heaviest fighting so far. He mentions the deaths of St. Tomas Tayloe and Captain Newton, shares all the news about General Lee's front that he knows, says that he doesn't expect a decisive campaign in northern Virginia this fall and fears the loss of Tennessee, the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad and the South's saltworks. Also writes that the various quarrels between the Confederate generals could be disastrous and fears the rapid depreciation of Confederate money (October 20, 1863).","Lewis writes to Lucy while she is away visiting her mother and sister Eliza, mentions neighborhood news and refers to two enslaved servants, Brooks who is repairing the kitchen and Margaret who he has had difficulties hiring out (December 31, 1857); writing from the Richmond Senate chamber, Lewis tells of unfavorable news for the Confederacy, mentions the capture of Cumberland Gap, the burning of Bristol, the presence of seven regiments of cavalry, which were cutting off General Jones, forcing Lee to fall back to Richmond and leaving most of Virginia undefended. Lewis states that he may not be able to get home for a while and shares that the Legislature was busy drafting measures for defending the state, calling upon all men 45-60 to be enlisted, including physicians. He tells Lucy to plan on the safest place to stay should the enemy forces overrun the state (September 21, 1863). ","Lewis describes his visit to his son, Dr. Thomas Lewis, at White Post, Clarke County, for the recovery of his health, including the beauty of the Shenandoah Valley, his homesickness, meeting several persons including the Snowdens and Bishop Meade's family, his son's medical practice, his wife Maria and son, and his anxiety at not hearing from home (August 26 and September 2, 1872). ","Lewis describes a visit to Charlottesville where he was the oldest alumnus present, meeting his college friend, Governor Swann there. He mentions the speech of Senator Bayard of Delaware, dinner at Professor Minor's, the alumni dinner on the third where he sat with Johnson Barbour and heard many wonderful speakers, excepting the one by his friend Governor Swann who had previously enjoyed too much alcohol at Professor Mallet's. Professor Minor recalled Henry Byrd as a diligent student and Professor Socrates Maupin, who had served with Byrd in the 9th Virginia Cavalry, and also sent his regards (July 5, 1873).","Lewis writes to his son after a visit and says how much he misses him and Georgie, his only grandchild. Hopes that he will have a hand in his education when the time comes. States that his family is his chief comfort in old age.","Writes from \"Clifton Hill,\" Morganfield, Kentucky, as a young boy of family news (March 20, 1818); from White Sulphur Springs (January 28, 1822) and from \"Claymont\" as a grown man writing of the safe arrival of his Aunt Harriet (October 29, 1835).","Discusses in detail the recent Whig Convention and the need for the Northern part of the Whig party to honor the Compromise and enforce the laws concerning fugitive enslaved persons laws or have a different organization altogether. But Lewis also does not want to coalesce with the Democratic party. He feels that Fillmore would come the nearest of getting the Virginia vote.","Lewis thanks her for her beautiful New Year's gift.","Lewis discusses in detail the possibility of increasing Henry Clay's popularity in Virginia and other political details.","Henry writes a brief letter to his sister Louisa who is away at school and staying with the Millers, which includes a long postscript from George Washington Lewis to his daughter (March 28, 1846).Henry Lewis writes to George Washington Lewis from Camp Hooe? to acknowledge his father's letter and the sword that he sent him. Henry describes the life of a soldier while on duty guarding the Point, which is about six miles from Winsor, standing picket duty for 24 hours at a time and camping rough with only brush and planks as protection from the weather and subject to annoyance from ticks, chiggers, mosquitoes, and other insects. He also mentions the complaining in camp, lack of discipline in the ranks and lack of fortification with cannon on the Point. He mentions that he is part of the 47th Regiment under Lt. Colonel William Green,and he predicts a long and severe war (July 10, 1861).","Characterizes his most recent voyage as disagreeable and uninteresting. The purpose of the voyage was to transport Commodore Dallas to Chagres in New Granada, where he then made his way across the Isthmus of Panama to his new ship on the Pacific side, accompanied by Murat Willis. His ship remained in Chagres for two months and Lewis describes the area, its people of mixed ancestry, the long rainy season, unhealthy conditions, the presence of leprosy, and luxuriant vegetation. Later they sailed for Kingston, Jamaica, with English officers as passengers who showed them hospitality. Lord Elgin and Kincardine (1811-1863) was the Governor of the island. Afterwards they returned to Chagres and then home.","Henry H. Lewis writes concerning family genealogy and news. He also mentions his health issues and issues invitations to visit.","Jane Lewis writes to her daughter Louisa who is staying with her uncle Dr. Thomas Miller and Aunt Virginia Miller (1844) and William Miller (1846) while attending school in Washington. She includes news of the family and neighborhood.","Louisa Lewis writes her father concerning her tuiton bill at Mrs. I.H. Bure's? dated November 25, 1845.","\tNote on the letter says that Lucy was visiting her cousin Ella Waring at \"Malverne,\" Essex County, Virginia, while her father was in the Senate in Richmond. ","She regrets his worry over reports of the Yankee visit to their neighborhood while he was away. She assures him that the accounts were exaggerated and that the Yankees have departed after taking as many horses as they could capture, around sixty. Infantry were landed from gunboats which took off grain. \"They only had pickets posted at the forks of the roads above Claymont.\" She then gave him as much news about friends and family that she could.","He writes a practice letter as a child to his mother and mentions a visit from Mr. Burke and his own desire to go out hunting chestnuts.","She writes while he is away for schooling, praises him for his progress in learning and promises to send both her sons money when they have some.","Assures her mother that all are well after their arrival at Willis Hill a week ago but are anxious to hear how everyone is at Port Royal. She complains that she has not received any letters from the girls since their return from \"Albany.\" She mentions that John and Eliza go to school in town with Miss Judy Clark.","Thomas wishes his sister would come home since he misses her, mentions sickness in the family, schooling while at home, and news of friends and relatives. Includes a note from her father, George Washington Lewis as well (November 24, 1845).","A very long letter full of genealogical questions to answer and supplying some information about the Lewis family in the United States. Lewis noted on the letter that he answered it on May 10, 1858, referring him to Bishop Meade's book and John Minor.","Notifies him that his father, brother, and family arrived safely in good health, except for Major Lewis who is suffering from gout. He has delivered the enslaved man John to the recipient's brother Sam in Weedon Lick, Union County, Kentucky, according to the instructions in his letter. About the enslaved man John, Lewis writes \"John is very much averse to returning to Virginia. In fact, he says he had rather die than return.\" Because of this, the recipient's father has suggested that his brother Sam is willing to purchase him and send him enough money to buy another enslaved person to replace John.","Includes four letters, chiefly of a social nature, one from an Aunt Maria to Mrs. George W. Lewis (1845 November 9); one from a child describing school activities, signed with initials only (1877 December); \"Your loving sister Millie, Nestledown, to \"My dear Aunt Lou?, (1887 August 30); and Ella B. Waring?, Glencom?, to her cousin  (undated).","John [Tayloe] Lomax (1781-1862?) writes to President John Tyler, recommending George Washington Lewis to be the Navy Agent at Pensacola, Florida (1841 April 22) and to George Washington Lewis about the inquiry of Lewis about the qualifications for Commonwealth's Attorney (1852 June 11 and July 13).","Marye sympathizes with his lament about the passing away of the former notable men in the legal profession and the loss of character among its participants, and corrects Lewis's misunderstanding about a point he made about manumission, recommending a pamphlet by John Howard of Richmond.","Lewis agrees with Matthews that the accusation that his friend Mr. Hunter gambled while attending at the March Court in Westmoreland County in order to give a speech was entirely false and furnishes his own recollection of the occasion.","Mayo thanks Lewis for his good opinion of his recently instituted newspaper, copies of which he had sent out as advertising to several of his friends in the Northern Neck area of Virginia.","Miller requests an autograph of George Washington for a friend, comments upon the lack of interesting bills before Congress, except for the Judiciary bill concerning the local district, and tells of meeting Lewis' daughter as part of the \"Marmion\" wedding party (January 1, 1855); shares his suggestion that Thomas, the son of George Washington Lewis, could work with him in the infirmary, putting up medicines and attending patients, and still attend to his studies for fifty dollars per annum (September 22, 1855); informs Lewis that due to the conditions at his school, Miller has advised Thomas Lewis to go to study at the medical school in Philadelphia right away and has loaned him the medical text books from his office, and he is to be accompanied by Ashton; he is also deeply distressed and mortified by William's behavior; and asks about politics in his area, mentioning several possible outcomes for the Presidential race (September 12, 1856).","Writes a condolence letter upon the death of Lucy's husband, George Washington Lewis.","Minor thanks him for the arrival of the books and analyzes an article that Lewis wrote for a newspaper. The quality of the article would have made it more appropriate for a Review and it would have been more appreciated (June 24, 1848). Minor also requests information about a legal case, Belfield vs Vickers, where Lewis represents the defendant (June 27, 1848). He also asks if he knows of an authoritative account of the family of George Washington (January 26, 1858 and undated). Minor sends Lewis information on how to request an insurance policy on his house (February 2, 1858).","Both men write for Lewis to support the \"Right of Way\" bill by writing letters to representatives in the Legislature.","Patton discusses the legal case Mcfarlane vs Smith involving the seizure of enslaved persons by Smith and Patton's lack of interest in politics (May 13, 1834); Patton's opinion in regard to a will (December 1, 1835); he expresses his willingness to apply for an appeal in the case referred to by Lewis, but he has not received any information about it (October 16, 1846); supplies information about the case, Young vs Johnson (January 27, 1854); and his opinion about the revival of suits of unlawful detainer in Tennent vs Pipers (July 22, incomplete letter).","Pendleton asks Lewis to support fellow Whig, James F. Matthew of Rappahannock for Speaker in the House of Delegates (September 1847). He also asks for Lewis' support if he is offered a position in the Foreign Diplomatic Service by the current Secretary of state (November 8, 1850).","Asks Lewis to come and visit him.","Rives thanks Lewis for his kind words about Rives' speech on the Tariff and the views of Lewis about national policy and the presidential election expressed in his letter; writes enthusiastically about Henry Clay, the Whig candidate for President; and the possible support of New York for Clay's election (1844 October 21); in a draft copy, Lewis writes to Rives, who is as one of the Visitors at the University of Virginia, recommending James C. Welling for the Chair of History and General Literature, with his qualifications (1856 December 8); while no longer a Visitor at the University of Virginia, Rives writes that he has placed the recommendation of Lewis, with his own support for Welling, before the Rector (1856 December 8).","Describes in great detail her visit to physicians in Philadelphia, their diagnosis of ovarian dropsy, her successful operation and recovery.","Asks Lewis to support his brother-in-law, Edward S. Joynes for the appointment of professor of Greek and Latin at William and Mary if Mr. Barnwell has indeed turned down the appointment.","The Virginia Whig state convention has just come to its conclusion, with Mr. Fillmore as the first choice of the majority instead of General Winfield Scott who had not come out in favor of \"the Compromise.\" The writer is afraid of a possible break with the northern branch of the Whig party due to their agitation against enslavement and support of \"free soil.\" (April 17, 1852); George Washington Lewis responds that he has been very busy with his court duties but has read and approves of all the resolutions. Lewis also hopes that the North will be \"compelled to execute the fugitive slave law faithfully and energetically\" and opposes any movement of the Virginia Whigs to unite with the Democrats (1852 May 7).","Recommends his nephew, Edwin Taliaferro, for the Chair of Modern Languages at William and Mary College, with his qualifications (1858 May 19) and Lewis, as the newest member of the Board of Visitors there, suggests having associates and friends from the Richmond area also forward recommendations on Taliaferro's behalf (1858 May 22).","Asks if Lewis will write editorials for his newspaper in return for free issues and discusses the upcoming Democratic? Convention in Baltimore, Maryland, with Andrew Stevenson (1784-1857) as their speaker, to nominate a presidential candidate for the 1848? election.","Sheffey writes to Dangerfield Lewis and his brother, Samuel Lewis, concerning the possibility of recovering lands presently in the state of Kentucky patented to his father, George Lewis, for a fee. The lands had been forfeited due to non-payment of taxes.","Declines to interfere in the selection of clerks for the various bureaus under his authority, concerning the request by Colonel Hungerford for an appointment. Lewis had sent a recommendation for Hungerford to Stuart.","Stuart sends Jim, probably an enslaved worker who is anxious to see his family, to Lewis. Jim travels by horse due to the bad condition of the roads. He will delay his own visit, as his own children have the mumps. He also thanks Lewis for the speech he has sent for his boys to study when they are older.","Tayloe offers to read his essay before Lewis submits it to the Virginia State Agricultural Society for publication (October 14, 1854). He also discusses the date and concerns of an upcoming meeting of the Board of Visitors at William and Mary College (1858 May 21).","Includes two letters, the first from Alice Maria Lewis Wallace to her sister, \"Lulu\" Louise Lewis? (1873 November 24) and the second an undated draft of her letter to Captain Sooley? about Lewis family history.","If Lewis plans on attending the next Richmond County Court, Washington asks Lewis if he will take down the enclose bond of David B. Taylor and get the money from him. He also asks if Lewis will give an enclosed letter to Thomas S. Waugh which includes a check.","Washington describes his visit to Virginia with Mr. Turner and recalls pleasant memories involving Lewis. He also described the recent visit of Washington Irving to his home where Irving viewed several George Washington documents in his possession (1855 January 5). Regrets his illness has prevented his presence at a meeting with the Governor of Virginia to discuss the arrangements for \"embellishing\" the birthplace of George Washington and the tomb of his ancestors and a visit with Lewis at his home. He also requests on behalf of his friend, Mr. Turner, that Lewis give Turner the letter from George Washington to Turner's grandfather thanking him for a present of two pistols. In return, Washington promises to send Lewis a letter from Major George Lewis to his uncle, George Washington, endorsed on the back by Washington in his own hand (1858 May 10).","Washington forwards a letter from a woman to himself, in case Lewis can help her with information that he is unable to provide. The letter from the woman is not present.","Regrets that he is unable to attend the wedding of Lewis, due to pressing business in Washington (1856 May 9). Asks for Lewis' letter of support before the Board of Visitors in his nomination as Chair of Literature and History (1856 November 7) which draft copy is present (1856 November 27). Welling thanks Lewis for his support but has received word that the majority of the Board of Visitors support Professor Holmes for the position (1856 December 5); declines to publish his satiric piece on the Patent Office in \"The National Intelligencer\" for fear it will be used against Mr. Brown himself, urging his removal from office. He also noted that the \"Crittenden amendment\" prevailed in the House of Representatives on April 1st. (1858 March 31-April 1); thanks Lewis for his political piece that Welling will publish in tomorrow's paper and reveals that he is the author of the \"Calm Appeal\" addressed to the people of New Jersey and Pennsylvania about the political relations between North and South; mentions his distress at learning Dr. Wirt, Dabney Wirt and Mr. Wilson do not support the John Bell and Edward Everett Constitutional Union Party ticket (1860 August 24); and mentions the \"Peace Conference\" and his opinion of Abraham Lincoln's Cabinet members (1861 March 8).","Willis writes following the death of his wife, Mary W. Lewis Willis (1782-1834) about a guardianship for his son, Achille Murat Willis (1827-1908).","Commends his friend, William S. Pawson, Commission Merchant, Baltimore, to Lewis, as an experienced man of the highest respectability and standing, March 31, 1843, accompanying a letter from Pawson himself, June 22, 1843, explaining why he has not yet visited in person and that his chief area of business in Virginia was selling grain from the Eastern Shore.","Mary discusses the Civil War activity in her state of Kentucky where forces had already begun to break the neutrality established by the governor. She mentions hostile forces under Union General Johnson near Paducah, Kentucky and forces under Confederate General Leonidas Polk; the arrest of ex-Governor Charles S. Morehead and other prominent men; and the numbers of local men who have left the county to join the Confederate army. They have plenty of food but clothing and other goods are hard to get and they are making do with old clothes thought past mending. Mary has also sold eggs for the first time and bought a lamp made in Pittsburgh.","Lewis recorded, in an \"Richardson's Virginia and North Carolina Almanac for 1849,\" agricultural details, church services, weather, the death of his son, Sam, at 13 years on July 1, 1849, and his wife Jane, on July 31, 1849; He also noted that Thomas left for school at Mr. Cameron's at King George Courthouse in September and Harry to Rappahannock Academy in October. Also the printed portions listed judges and elected government officials.","This includes two financial documents; an engraving of \"Memorials of Washington\"; a torn printed page about George Washington; a copy of a news clipping about Lewis genealogy; a Civil War document granting permission for 48 hour leave to Captain? Lewis (December 28, 1864); a legal agreement between George Washington Lewis and Riley G. Samuel (March 16, 1874), for the recovery and sale of Green River land in Kentucky; a copy of a childhood poem by Alice Lewis; a writing by George Washington Lewis, giving his opinion about Lord Macauley and his work, to his daughter Alice; and a single used three-cent stamp featuring George Washington.","The memorandum discusses his lack of knowledge about the Spencer Estate in Great Britain. He also promises to send some of his printed essays for her scrapbook and closes with a postscript about the death of her Uncle, Fielding.","Photographs of the Lewis family include: Robert Byrd Lewis and his wife, Laura Louisa Parran Lewis; George Lewis (son of Dr. Thomas M. Lewis) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (daughter of GWL); Henry Howell Lewis (brother of GWL), copy made in 1966; Mrs. Oliver Funsten, Lucy Lewis (daughter of GWL), copy made in 1966; \"Claymont\" home of Judge George W. Lewis and family; Judge George Washington Lewis; Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862) son of GWL; cartes-de-visite of Robert Byrd Lewis; Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (son of GWL), copy made in 1966. Also includes a photograph of the coat of arms and motto of the Lewis family.","Paper copies of photographs include one of \"Shellfield,\" home of Samuel Lewis and birthplace of George W. Lewis; \"Marmion,\" home of Daingerfield Lewis, King George County, Virginia, taken 1904 by Lucy Lewis Funsten; and a \"View from the front porch of \"Claymont,\" home of Judge George Washington Lewis, Westmoreland County, Virginia, taken by Lucy Lewis Funsten, July 1906.","This is a hand-written copy of a letter purporting to have been left by Jesus Christ sixty-five years after his crucifixion and found under a stone, 18 miles from Jerusalem. Judith W. Lewis sent this copy to her friend for inspirational purposes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":99,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-09T07:08:45.006Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_965"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_433","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"John W. Wayland Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_433#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Wayland, John Walter, 1872-1962","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_433#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The John W. Wayland Papers, 1916-1980, are comprised of the writings of John Walter Wayland, historian and original faculty member at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg. Many documents relate to the founding and early years of the school.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_433#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_433","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_433","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_433","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_433","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_433.xml","title_ssm":["John W. Wayland Papers"],"title_tesim":["John W. Wayland Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1916-1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1916-1980"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0258","/repositories/4/resources/433"],"text":["SC 0258","/repositories/4/resources/433","John W. Wayland Papers","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Education, Higher -- Virginia -- History","Teachers colleges -- History","Bibliographies","Manuscripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Letters (correspondence)","Speeches (Documents)","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Papers are arranged topically in four folders.","Find A Grave. \"John Walter Wayland (1872-1962)\" Find a Grave Memorial no. 8154002. Accessed January 4, 2018. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8154002.","John Walter Wayland was born in 1872 in Shenandoah County, Virginia. He received his BA from Bridgewater College in 1899, and his Ph.D in 1907 from the University of Virginia. He was an original faculty member at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, where he chaired the history and social science department, and served many years as secretary of the faculty. At the Normal School, he was known for his unconventional teaching style, sometimes holding classes outside, and leading students on long hikes on Massunutten Mountain. He retired in 1931.","Wayland was known as a preeminent historian of Virginia and the Shenandoah Valley. He authored at least 40 books, some of the most well-known being History of Virginia for Boys and Girls, published in 1931, and histories of Bridgewater College, Rockingham and Shenandoah counties, Stonewall Jackson, Robert E. Lee, and the Washingtons. In 1955, the Chamber of Commerce passed a resolution designating the Old Port Republic as the \"Wayland Highway.\" He died in 1962. Wayland was married to Mattie V. Frey (1877-1965), and had two children: Francis Fry Wayland (1907-1995) and John Walter Wayland Jr. (b. 1909).","Correspondence written by or to Wayland and related to the Alumnae/Alumni Association and the Alumnae Building Campaign Committee was pulled from the Alumni and Glee Club vertical files and added to Wayland's papers in November 2022.","John Walter Wayland Papers, Mss. 65 W36, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA.","John Walter Wayland Papers, 26 WFCHS, Stewart Bell Jr. Archives, Handley Regional Library, Winchester, VA.","John W. Wayland papers, 1890 - 1961, 19.4.001, Alexander Mack Memorial Library Special Collections, Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, VA.","A. D. Lough correspondence, 1902-1920, SC 0421, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.","The John W. Wayland Papers contain personal papers and documents that recount the founding of the Harrisonburg State Normal School at Harrisonburg and its early years. The collection includes transcribed portions of John Wayland's personal diary (1908-1931) that relate to the early years of the Normal School. A document contains a list of commencement speakers from 1910-1919. The collection contains several of Wayland's papers and speeches, including the manuscript \"Harrisonburg State Normal School in Relation to the World War, 1914-1918,\" and a paper titled \"Some Reminiscences of the Founding of the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg, VA., 1908,\" which was prepared for First Founders Day, State Teachers College on March 14, 1928. The collection includes character sketches of the early faculty members, including an extended reflection on faculty member, Elizabeth Cleveland.","The collection contains bibliographies of Wayland's publications between 1895-1957, and 1901-1957. Accompanying the bibliographies are correspondence between son, Francis F. Wayland and librarian at Madison College, Lowell E. Ashley, regarding John Wayland publications and writings. The collection also contains newspaper clippings from the  Daily News Record  that reference Wayland. ","Correspondence written by or to Wayland and related to the Alumnae/Alumni Association and the Alumnae Building Campaign Committee was pulled from the Alumni and Glee Club vertical files and added to Wayland's papers in November 2022.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The John W. Wayland Papers, 1916-1980, are comprised of the writings of John Walter Wayland, historian and original faculty member at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg. Many documents relate to the founding and early years of the school.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Faculty","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Faculty","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Faculty","James Madison University -- History","Wayland, John Walter, 1872-1962","Lee, Robert Walker, 1875-1929","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0258","/repositories/4/resources/433"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John W. Wayland Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["John W. Wayland Papers"],"collection_ssim":["John W. Wayland Papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Wayland, John Walter, 1872-1962"],"creator_ssim":["Wayland, John Walter, 1872-1962"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wayland, John Walter, 1872-1962"],"creators_ssim":["Wayland, John Walter, 1872-1962"],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Immediate acquisition is not known. No accession documents are found."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Education, Higher -- Virginia -- History","Teachers colleges -- History","Bibliographies","Manuscripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Letters (correspondence)","Speeches (Documents)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Education, Higher -- Virginia -- History","Teachers colleges -- History","Bibliographies","Manuscripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Letters (correspondence)","Speeches (Documents)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 cubic feet 5 folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 cubic feet 5 folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Bibliographies","Manuscripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Letters (correspondence)","Speeches (Documents)"],"date_range_isim":[1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers are arranged topically in four folders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Papers are arranged topically in four folders."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eFind A Grave. \"John Walter Wayland (1872-1962)\" Find a Grave Memorial no. 8154002. Accessed January 4, 2018. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8154002.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Find A Grave. \"John Walter Wayland (1872-1962)\" Find a Grave Memorial no. 8154002. Accessed January 4, 2018. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8154002."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Walter Wayland was born in 1872 in Shenandoah County, Virginia. He received his BA from Bridgewater College in 1899, and his Ph.D in 1907 from the University of Virginia. He was an original faculty member at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, where he chaired the history and social science department, and served many years as secretary of the faculty. At the Normal School, he was known for his unconventional teaching style, sometimes holding classes outside, and leading students on long hikes on Massunutten Mountain. He retired in 1931.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWayland was known as a preeminent historian of Virginia and the Shenandoah Valley. He authored at least 40 books, some of the most well-known being History of Virginia for Boys and Girls, published in 1931, and histories of Bridgewater College, Rockingham and Shenandoah counties, Stonewall Jackson, Robert E. Lee, and the Washingtons. In 1955, the Chamber of Commerce passed a resolution designating the Old Port Republic as the \"Wayland Highway.\" He died in 1962. Wayland was married to Mattie V. Frey (1877-1965), and had two children: Francis Fry Wayland (1907-1995) and John Walter Wayland Jr. (b. 1909).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Walter Wayland was born in 1872 in Shenandoah County, Virginia. He received his BA from Bridgewater College in 1899, and his Ph.D in 1907 from the University of Virginia. He was an original faculty member at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, where he chaired the history and social science department, and served many years as secretary of the faculty. At the Normal School, he was known for his unconventional teaching style, sometimes holding classes outside, and leading students on long hikes on Massunutten Mountain. He retired in 1931.","Wayland was known as a preeminent historian of Virginia and the Shenandoah Valley. He authored at least 40 books, some of the most well-known being History of Virginia for Boys and Girls, published in 1931, and histories of Bridgewater College, Rockingham and Shenandoah counties, Stonewall Jackson, Robert E. Lee, and the Washingtons. In 1955, the Chamber of Commerce passed a resolution designating the Old Port Republic as the \"Wayland Highway.\" He died in 1962. Wayland was married to Mattie V. Frey (1877-1965), and had two children: Francis Fry Wayland (1907-1995) and John Walter Wayland Jr. (b. 1909)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], John W. Wayland Papers, 1916-1980, SC 0258, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], John W. Wayland Papers, 1916-1980, SC 0258, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence written by or to Wayland and related to the Alumnae/Alumni Association and the Alumnae Building Campaign Committee was pulled from the Alumni and Glee Club vertical files and added to Wayland's papers in November 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Correspondence written by or to Wayland and related to the Alumnae/Alumni Association and the Alumnae Building Campaign Committee was pulled from the Alumni and Glee Club vertical files and added to Wayland's papers in November 2022."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Walter Wayland Papers, Mss. 65 W36, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn Walter Wayland Papers, 26 WFCHS, Stewart Bell Jr. Archives, Handley Regional Library, Winchester, VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn W. Wayland papers, 1890 - 1961, 19.4.001, Alexander Mack Memorial Library Special Collections, Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA. D. Lough correspondence, 1902-1920, SC 0421, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["John Walter Wayland Papers, Mss. 65 W36, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA.","John Walter Wayland Papers, 26 WFCHS, Stewart Bell Jr. Archives, Handley Regional Library, Winchester, VA.","John W. Wayland papers, 1890 - 1961, 19.4.001, Alexander Mack Memorial Library Special Collections, Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, VA.","A. D. Lough correspondence, 1902-1920, SC 0421, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John W. Wayland Papers contain personal papers and documents that recount the founding of the Harrisonburg State Normal School at Harrisonburg and its early years. The collection includes transcribed portions of John Wayland's personal diary (1908-1931) that relate to the early years of the Normal School. A document contains a list of commencement speakers from 1910-1919. The collection contains several of Wayland's papers and speeches, including the manuscript \"Harrisonburg State Normal School in Relation to the World War, 1914-1918,\" and a paper titled \"Some Reminiscences of the Founding of the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg, VA., 1908,\" which was prepared for First Founders Day, State Teachers College on March 14, 1928. The collection includes character sketches of the early faculty members, including an extended reflection on faculty member, Elizabeth Cleveland.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains bibliographies of Wayland's publications between 1895-1957, and 1901-1957. Accompanying the bibliographies are correspondence between son, Francis F. Wayland and librarian at Madison College, Lowell E. Ashley, regarding John Wayland publications and writings. The collection also contains newspaper clippings from the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News Record\u003c/emph\u003e that reference Wayland. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence written by or to Wayland and related to the Alumnae/Alumni Association and the Alumnae Building Campaign Committee was pulled from the Alumni and Glee Club vertical files and added to Wayland's papers in November 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The John W. Wayland Papers contain personal papers and documents that recount the founding of the Harrisonburg State Normal School at Harrisonburg and its early years. The collection includes transcribed portions of John Wayland's personal diary (1908-1931) that relate to the early years of the Normal School. A document contains a list of commencement speakers from 1910-1919. The collection contains several of Wayland's papers and speeches, including the manuscript \"Harrisonburg State Normal School in Relation to the World War, 1914-1918,\" and a paper titled \"Some Reminiscences of the Founding of the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg, VA., 1908,\" which was prepared for First Founders Day, State Teachers College on March 14, 1928. The collection includes character sketches of the early faculty members, including an extended reflection on faculty member, Elizabeth Cleveland.","The collection contains bibliographies of Wayland's publications between 1895-1957, and 1901-1957. Accompanying the bibliographies are correspondence between son, Francis F. Wayland and librarian at Madison College, Lowell E. Ashley, regarding John Wayland publications and writings. The collection also contains newspaper clippings from the  Daily News Record  that reference Wayland. ","Correspondence written by or to Wayland and related to the Alumnae/Alumni Association and the Alumnae Building Campaign Committee was pulled from the Alumni and Glee Club vertical files and added to Wayland's papers in November 2022."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e5d70ec834984a2babab52a565c06109\"\u003eThe John W. Wayland Papers, 1916-1980, are comprised of the writings of John Walter Wayland, historian and original faculty member at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg. Many documents relate to the founding and early years of the school.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The John W. Wayland Papers, 1916-1980, are comprised of the writings of John Walter Wayland, historian and original faculty member at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg. Many documents relate to the founding and early years of the school."],"names_coll_ssim":["State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Faculty","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Faculty","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Faculty","James Madison University -- History"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Faculty","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Faculty","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Faculty","James Madison University -- History","Wayland, John Walter, 1872-1962","Lee, Robert Walker, 1875-1929"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Faculty","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Faculty","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Faculty","James Madison University -- History"],"persname_ssim":["Wayland, John Walter, 1872-1962","Lee, Robert Walker, 1875-1929"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:23:04.783Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_433","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_433","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_433","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_433","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_433.xml","title_ssm":["John W. Wayland Papers"],"title_tesim":["John W. Wayland Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1916-1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1916-1980"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0258","/repositories/4/resources/433"],"text":["SC 0258","/repositories/4/resources/433","John W. Wayland Papers","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Education, Higher -- Virginia -- History","Teachers colleges -- History","Bibliographies","Manuscripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Letters (correspondence)","Speeches (Documents)","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Papers are arranged topically in four folders.","Find A Grave. \"John Walter Wayland (1872-1962)\" Find a Grave Memorial no. 8154002. Accessed January 4, 2018. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8154002.","John Walter Wayland was born in 1872 in Shenandoah County, Virginia. He received his BA from Bridgewater College in 1899, and his Ph.D in 1907 from the University of Virginia. He was an original faculty member at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, where he chaired the history and social science department, and served many years as secretary of the faculty. At the Normal School, he was known for his unconventional teaching style, sometimes holding classes outside, and leading students on long hikes on Massunutten Mountain. He retired in 1931.","Wayland was known as a preeminent historian of Virginia and the Shenandoah Valley. He authored at least 40 books, some of the most well-known being History of Virginia for Boys and Girls, published in 1931, and histories of Bridgewater College, Rockingham and Shenandoah counties, Stonewall Jackson, Robert E. Lee, and the Washingtons. In 1955, the Chamber of Commerce passed a resolution designating the Old Port Republic as the \"Wayland Highway.\" He died in 1962. Wayland was married to Mattie V. Frey (1877-1965), and had two children: Francis Fry Wayland (1907-1995) and John Walter Wayland Jr. (b. 1909).","Correspondence written by or to Wayland and related to the Alumnae/Alumni Association and the Alumnae Building Campaign Committee was pulled from the Alumni and Glee Club vertical files and added to Wayland's papers in November 2022.","John Walter Wayland Papers, Mss. 65 W36, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA.","John Walter Wayland Papers, 26 WFCHS, Stewart Bell Jr. Archives, Handley Regional Library, Winchester, VA.","John W. Wayland papers, 1890 - 1961, 19.4.001, Alexander Mack Memorial Library Special Collections, Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, VA.","A. D. Lough correspondence, 1902-1920, SC 0421, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.","The John W. Wayland Papers contain personal papers and documents that recount the founding of the Harrisonburg State Normal School at Harrisonburg and its early years. The collection includes transcribed portions of John Wayland's personal diary (1908-1931) that relate to the early years of the Normal School. A document contains a list of commencement speakers from 1910-1919. The collection contains several of Wayland's papers and speeches, including the manuscript \"Harrisonburg State Normal School in Relation to the World War, 1914-1918,\" and a paper titled \"Some Reminiscences of the Founding of the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg, VA., 1908,\" which was prepared for First Founders Day, State Teachers College on March 14, 1928. The collection includes character sketches of the early faculty members, including an extended reflection on faculty member, Elizabeth Cleveland.","The collection contains bibliographies of Wayland's publications between 1895-1957, and 1901-1957. Accompanying the bibliographies are correspondence between son, Francis F. Wayland and librarian at Madison College, Lowell E. Ashley, regarding John Wayland publications and writings. The collection also contains newspaper clippings from the  Daily News Record  that reference Wayland. ","Correspondence written by or to Wayland and related to the Alumnae/Alumni Association and the Alumnae Building Campaign Committee was pulled from the Alumni and Glee Club vertical files and added to Wayland's papers in November 2022.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The John W. Wayland Papers, 1916-1980, are comprised of the writings of John Walter Wayland, historian and original faculty member at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg. Many documents relate to the founding and early years of the school.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Faculty","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Faculty","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Faculty","James Madison University -- History","Wayland, John Walter, 1872-1962","Lee, Robert Walker, 1875-1929","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0258","/repositories/4/resources/433"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John W. Wayland Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["John W. Wayland Papers"],"collection_ssim":["John W. Wayland Papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Wayland, John Walter, 1872-1962"],"creator_ssim":["Wayland, John Walter, 1872-1962"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wayland, John Walter, 1872-1962"],"creators_ssim":["Wayland, John Walter, 1872-1962"],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Immediate acquisition is not known. No accession documents are found."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Education, Higher -- Virginia -- History","Teachers colleges -- History","Bibliographies","Manuscripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Letters (correspondence)","Speeches (Documents)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Education, Higher -- Virginia -- History","Teachers colleges -- History","Bibliographies","Manuscripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Letters (correspondence)","Speeches (Documents)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 cubic feet 5 folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 cubic feet 5 folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Bibliographies","Manuscripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Letters (correspondence)","Speeches (Documents)"],"date_range_isim":[1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers are arranged topically in four folders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Papers are arranged topically in four folders."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eFind A Grave. \"John Walter Wayland (1872-1962)\" Find a Grave Memorial no. 8154002. Accessed January 4, 2018. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8154002.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Find A Grave. \"John Walter Wayland (1872-1962)\" Find a Grave Memorial no. 8154002. Accessed January 4, 2018. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8154002."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Walter Wayland was born in 1872 in Shenandoah County, Virginia. He received his BA from Bridgewater College in 1899, and his Ph.D in 1907 from the University of Virginia. He was an original faculty member at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, where he chaired the history and social science department, and served many years as secretary of the faculty. At the Normal School, he was known for his unconventional teaching style, sometimes holding classes outside, and leading students on long hikes on Massunutten Mountain. He retired in 1931.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWayland was known as a preeminent historian of Virginia and the Shenandoah Valley. He authored at least 40 books, some of the most well-known being History of Virginia for Boys and Girls, published in 1931, and histories of Bridgewater College, Rockingham and Shenandoah counties, Stonewall Jackson, Robert E. Lee, and the Washingtons. In 1955, the Chamber of Commerce passed a resolution designating the Old Port Republic as the \"Wayland Highway.\" He died in 1962. Wayland was married to Mattie V. Frey (1877-1965), and had two children: Francis Fry Wayland (1907-1995) and John Walter Wayland Jr. (b. 1909).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Walter Wayland was born in 1872 in Shenandoah County, Virginia. He received his BA from Bridgewater College in 1899, and his Ph.D in 1907 from the University of Virginia. He was an original faculty member at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, where he chaired the history and social science department, and served many years as secretary of the faculty. At the Normal School, he was known for his unconventional teaching style, sometimes holding classes outside, and leading students on long hikes on Massunutten Mountain. He retired in 1931.","Wayland was known as a preeminent historian of Virginia and the Shenandoah Valley. He authored at least 40 books, some of the most well-known being History of Virginia for Boys and Girls, published in 1931, and histories of Bridgewater College, Rockingham and Shenandoah counties, Stonewall Jackson, Robert E. Lee, and the Washingtons. In 1955, the Chamber of Commerce passed a resolution designating the Old Port Republic as the \"Wayland Highway.\" He died in 1962. Wayland was married to Mattie V. Frey (1877-1965), and had two children: Francis Fry Wayland (1907-1995) and John Walter Wayland Jr. (b. 1909)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], John W. Wayland Papers, 1916-1980, SC 0258, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], John W. Wayland Papers, 1916-1980, SC 0258, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence written by or to Wayland and related to the Alumnae/Alumni Association and the Alumnae Building Campaign Committee was pulled from the Alumni and Glee Club vertical files and added to Wayland's papers in November 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Correspondence written by or to Wayland and related to the Alumnae/Alumni Association and the Alumnae Building Campaign Committee was pulled from the Alumni and Glee Club vertical files and added to Wayland's papers in November 2022."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Walter Wayland Papers, Mss. 65 W36, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn Walter Wayland Papers, 26 WFCHS, Stewart Bell Jr. Archives, Handley Regional Library, Winchester, VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn W. Wayland papers, 1890 - 1961, 19.4.001, Alexander Mack Memorial Library Special Collections, Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA. D. Lough correspondence, 1902-1920, SC 0421, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["John Walter Wayland Papers, Mss. 65 W36, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA.","John Walter Wayland Papers, 26 WFCHS, Stewart Bell Jr. Archives, Handley Regional Library, Winchester, VA.","John W. Wayland papers, 1890 - 1961, 19.4.001, Alexander Mack Memorial Library Special Collections, Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, VA.","A. D. Lough correspondence, 1902-1920, SC 0421, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John W. Wayland Papers contain personal papers and documents that recount the founding of the Harrisonburg State Normal School at Harrisonburg and its early years. The collection includes transcribed portions of John Wayland's personal diary (1908-1931) that relate to the early years of the Normal School. A document contains a list of commencement speakers from 1910-1919. The collection contains several of Wayland's papers and speeches, including the manuscript \"Harrisonburg State Normal School in Relation to the World War, 1914-1918,\" and a paper titled \"Some Reminiscences of the Founding of the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg, VA., 1908,\" which was prepared for First Founders Day, State Teachers College on March 14, 1928. The collection includes character sketches of the early faculty members, including an extended reflection on faculty member, Elizabeth Cleveland.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains bibliographies of Wayland's publications between 1895-1957, and 1901-1957. Accompanying the bibliographies are correspondence between son, Francis F. Wayland and librarian at Madison College, Lowell E. Ashley, regarding John Wayland publications and writings. The collection also contains newspaper clippings from the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News Record\u003c/emph\u003e that reference Wayland. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence written by or to Wayland and related to the Alumnae/Alumni Association and the Alumnae Building Campaign Committee was pulled from the Alumni and Glee Club vertical files and added to Wayland's papers in November 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The John W. Wayland Papers contain personal papers and documents that recount the founding of the Harrisonburg State Normal School at Harrisonburg and its early years. The collection includes transcribed portions of John Wayland's personal diary (1908-1931) that relate to the early years of the Normal School. A document contains a list of commencement speakers from 1910-1919. The collection contains several of Wayland's papers and speeches, including the manuscript \"Harrisonburg State Normal School in Relation to the World War, 1914-1918,\" and a paper titled \"Some Reminiscences of the Founding of the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg, VA., 1908,\" which was prepared for First Founders Day, State Teachers College on March 14, 1928. The collection includes character sketches of the early faculty members, including an extended reflection on faculty member, Elizabeth Cleveland.","The collection contains bibliographies of Wayland's publications between 1895-1957, and 1901-1957. Accompanying the bibliographies are correspondence between son, Francis F. Wayland and librarian at Madison College, Lowell E. Ashley, regarding John Wayland publications and writings. The collection also contains newspaper clippings from the  Daily News Record  that reference Wayland. ","Correspondence written by or to Wayland and related to the Alumnae/Alumni Association and the Alumnae Building Campaign Committee was pulled from the Alumni and Glee Club vertical files and added to Wayland's papers in November 2022."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e5d70ec834984a2babab52a565c06109\"\u003eThe John W. Wayland Papers, 1916-1980, are comprised of the writings of John Walter Wayland, historian and original faculty member at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg. Many documents relate to the founding and early years of the school.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The John W. Wayland Papers, 1916-1980, are comprised of the writings of John Walter Wayland, historian and original faculty member at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg. Many documents relate to the founding and early years of the school."],"names_coll_ssim":["State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Faculty","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Faculty","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Faculty","James Madison University -- History"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Faculty","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Faculty","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Faculty","James Madison University -- History","Wayland, John Walter, 1872-1962","Lee, Robert Walker, 1875-1929"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Faculty","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Faculty","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Faculty","James Madison University -- History"],"persname_ssim":["Wayland, John Walter, 1872-1962","Lee, Robert Walker, 1875-1929"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:23:04.783Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_433"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1215","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Jorge Luis Borges papers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1215#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eNew collection of eleven manuscripts by writer Jorge Luis Borges which have been combined with the Borges collection. The new acquisitions include Herrera y Reissig; Soneta Para un Tango en la Nochecita; La Cabala (1943), Los Espejos Velados; Prologo a Mester de Juderia, de Carlos Grunberg;El Milagro Secreto; Nota Sobre la Paz; De Alguien a Nadie; La Biblioteca Total; El Dios y el Rey; and Prose Poems for I. J.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1215#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1215","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1215","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1215","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1215","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1215.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/136450","title_filing_ssi":"Borges, Jorge Luis, manuscripts","title_ssm":["Jorge Luis Borges papers"],"title_tesim":["Jorge Luis Borges papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1919-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1919-1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 10155","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1215"],"text":["MSS 10155","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1215","Jorge Luis Borges papers","Manuscripts (documents)","Good.","The collection is open for research use.","Item has an orange slip for conservation and housing. This folder is smaller 914x18)and is in the Borges oversize box V-7 which is a large flat box. (to keep it with the other oversize Borges items).","New collection of eleven manuscripts by writer Jorge Luis Borges which have been combined with the Borges collection. The new acquisitions include Herrera y Reissig; Soneta Para un Tango en la Nochecita; La Cabala (1943), Los Espejos Velados; Prologo a Mester de Juderia, de Carlos Grunberg;El Milagro Secreto; Nota Sobre la Paz; De Alguien a Nadie; La Biblioteca Total; El Dios y el Rey; and Prose Poems for I. J.","Other Borges manuscripts include : Juderia, Ciudad, Calle Desconocida, Villa Mazzini, Trincheras, La Vuelta a Buenos Aires (and letter), Essay on Flaubert, La Pampa y el Suburbio son Dioses, A la Doctrina de Pasion de Tu Voz, La Cabala (1930), A Mia Padre, El Muerto, La Casa de Asterion, Viejo Habito Argentino, Plaza San Martin (and letter), S. S. Poem, Manual de Zoologica Fantastica, The Mirror and the Mask, and La Fundacion Mitologica de Buenos Aires.","Correspondents include Carlo Mastronardi, Ever Mendez, Ramon Sopena, Atillo Rossi,Ernest T. Manfred, Mr. Cohen, Macedonio Fernandez, and Jorge Luis Borges.","Also included is a lecture by Jorge Luis Borges on Shakespeare's birthday (1976) and a photograph of Jorge Luis Borges from 1931.","The autograph manuscript of Música patria, written in 1919, contains 1920 and 1923 additions by Borges.  The manuscript includes three sketches by Borges of a farm scene, two musicians, and a couple dancing.","Autograph manuscript with corrections made in 1943","\"Ciudad\" with corrections made in 1943.","\"Calle Desconocida\" with corrections made in 1943.","Manuscript, with numerous corrections and emendations, of Jorge Luis  Borges, entitled \"Trincheras.\"","\"Herrera Y Reissig\" is an original holograph manuscript by Jorges Luis Borges about the Uruguayan Symbolist poet Julio Herra Y Reissig. 3 leaves titled and signed. It was published in the September 1924 issue of  Inicial  and then republished in in Borge's book  Inquisiciones  in [1925]. No other manuscript is known.","The collection contains a signed autograph manuscript, 1926, of Borges's poem \"La vuelta a Buenos Aires\" from \"Luna de Enfrente,\" 1926, inscribed \"A Matilde.\"  With it is a letter, 1924 December 24, [Buenos Aires] to \"Méndez\" regarding the publication and title of his forthcoming book \"Luna de Enfrente,\" and his friendship with Méndez (apparently associated with the publishing of Luna de Enfrente).","Portions appeared in Flaubert y su destino ejemplar and Vindicación de \"Bouvard et Pecuchet.\" The last three pages were dictated to his mother, Dona Leonor Acevedo, and are in her hand.","The manuscript, with corrections by Borges, was intended as an essay in \"El Idiona de los Argentinos\" but was never published.","Manuscript draft of a central essay in \"El Tamaño de mi Esperanza.\" With the manuscript is a letter, 1948 December 25, Ricardo Molinari to \"mi estimato doctor,\" conveying the manuscript.","Signed autograph manuscript of the foreword to \"Luna de enfrente.\"","A critical analysis of Julio Noe.","Holograph manuscript, \"Sonnet for an Evening Tango\" signed and dated \"Jorge Luis Borges 1926\", in black ink on the recto of a leaf of pink paper. One deletion, with a correction written above. It was published in March 1926 in  Caras y Caretas , and never printed in any of Borge's works. No other manuscript known.","It it a very important manuscript, for its content related to another manuscript about the tango and for its early date.","Holograph manuscript,\"La Cábala\" (The Kabbalah), by Jorge Luis Borges, unpublished, in black ink on both sides of 2 leaves of gridded spiral notebook paper, numbered by Borges. There is a small hole at the front of the leaf, and a few ink blots.  ","Lengthy discussion by Borges on the Cabala significantly reflects and complements Borges original text of this essay (La Cabala 1943). It contains rare glimpses of his research sources and notes for his subject.","Contains many source notes in the margins.","Holograph manuscript signed by Jorge Luis Borges, in black ink on 2 large paper leaves. They are two linked poems of 29 and 27 lines respectively desgnated \"I\" and \"II\". They were written in 1934 and dedicated to \"I. J\" which were false initials concealing the true identity of dedicatee Pipina Diehl de Moreno Hueyo. They were published in 1943, in the first compilation of Borge's poems [Poemas (1922-1943)]. They were republished under the title  Two English Poems , this time dedicated to Beatriz Bibiloni Webster de Bullrich. These are the only poems Borges is known to have written in English [sic].","This manuscript is distinguished in that it is English and represents an individual close to Borges. Manuscripts by Borges that are in English are very rare. They demonstrate his proficiency in the English language which he learned before Spanish.","Holograph manuscript \"The Observant Mirrors\" by Jorge Luis Borges signed in black ink on a blank endleaf from an unidentified book. It is about a fantasy and is published in the very rare journal  Destiempo  (no. 1 October 1936). It shows an early instance of Borges fascination and horror of mirrors which pervades his writings.","Borges's poem is signed \"Buenos Aires 1938 J.L.B.\" and has a sketch of a broadleaf tree at the bottom.","Holograph manuscript \"Universal Library\" by Jorge Luis Borges, titled, signed, and dated \"Agosto 1939\", in black ink on gridded spiral notebook paper, 4 leaves numbered by Borges, with numerous corrections,and deletions.","The concept of the \"universal library,\" crystallizes, like no other Borge's literary themes- so vast, multifaceted, and undefinable as this literary concept in which the universe is reflected. This fictional essay was first published in  Sur  no. 59 and never republished. It is considered as the first version and precursor of the later story  La Biblioteca de Babel  [1941] and is one of the most significant Borges manuscripts.","A culturally important work by Borges, it shows his vision of what he later called \"The Library of Babel\" and is a reflection of his entire approach to philosophy of not only literature but of existence itself.","Holograph manuscript by Jorge Luis Borges, Prologue to Carlos Grunberg's book \"Mester de Juderia\", titled and signed by Borges, in black ink on 3 leaves of gridded and 2 leaves of unlined paper, each leaf numbered by Borges. ","It is an expansive text that exceeds the bounds of a prologue, being more of a political-literary essay which is unusual for Borges. It condemns European antisemitism and its Argentine \"facsimile\" [sic]. ","Holograph manuscript \"The Secret Miracle\" by Jorge Luis Borges titled and signed in black ink, and leaves numbered by Borges. Many deletions, variants, and interpolations. It offers an invaluable look at the changes he made to one of his favorite writings. ","The original holograph manuscript of this story was published in  Sur  no. 101 (February 1943), then reprinted in the first edition of  Ficciones (1944). Proof of the esteem in which Borges held this story is its inclusion in the new edition of his  La muerte y la brujula  (1951) and in his  Antologia Personal  (1961). It was followed by its recreation in other Borges collected prose books of similar literary reputation.Two of the four leaves are reproduced in Daniel Balderston,  How Borges wrote  Charlottesville: UVA Press, 2018. Balderston focused on Borge's use of geometrical symbols to indicate where marginal additions are to be inserted into the text.","Holograph manuscript \"A Note on Peace\" titled, signed, and dated \"Jorges Luis Borges, 1945\". With deletions and interpolations. The original manuscript was published in  Sur  no. 129 (May 1945)about the Allied victory over Nazi Germany. It extols Britain's role and demonstrates what was, unusually for Borges, a strong commitment to liberalism and Western civilization.","The manuscript shows Borges' hopeful attitude toward the collapse of the Nazis as World War II is ending, and it places that subject in an Argentine context. This is an important perspective during that period of time in his country.","The short story, published in \"El Aleph,\" contains many corrections in the form of line-throughs.","A letter to Borges from Julio Cortázar concerns this story and his own fondness for Asterión.Collection includes Borges's short story, \"La casa de Asterión\" published in \"Los Anales de Buenos Aires Ano II\" and later in \"El Aleph.\" Contains numerous textual corrections and variants from printed versions.","The manuscript was written in 1946 and revised in 1950 and 1955 by Borges and contains six sketches by him, two as part of his signature. One is a detailed half page sketch of \"dio Hydra der Dikator\" with heads of Hitler, Marx, etc. It was subsequently published as \"Nuestro pobre individualismo\" (from Otras Inquisiciones).","Holograph manuscript \"From Someone to No One\" by Jorge Luis Borges, signed in black ink on gridded notebook paper, numbered by Borges. With deletions and interpolations. The manuscript is an essay that first appeared in the march 1950 issue of  Sur , reprinted in Borges's  Otras Inquisciones  (1952) and  Antologia Personal  (1961). It describes the paradox, which applies to gods as well as men, of a consuming ambition which can only be based on personal annihilation.","It is a critically significant text, with numerous alterations which are valuable for their content, as it relates aspects of Borges' complex views on Man and divitnity (an important theme for him). This text was well known at the time that it was published.","Also included is a drawing by Atilio Rossi","Jorges Luis Borges original holograph manuscript, \"El Dios y Elrey\" (God and the King)titled and signed, in black ink, 3 leaves numbered by Borges with deletions, corrections, and interpolations. The corrections on this manuscript and other manuscripts in the collection demonstrate his work toward a final publication. ","The original holograph manuscript of this story, first published in Buenos Aires newspaper,  La Nacion  in May 1954, and reprinted in  Sur  no. 234 (November-December 1954); later selected by Borges to be reprinted in the anthology Paginas de Jorge Luis Borges seleccionada por su autor. (1982). [No other manuscript known.]","\"S.S.\" published in 1960 in \"El hacedor\" under the title \"Susana Soca.\" With the poem is a letter from Borges, 1959 January, Buenos Aires, in the hand of Arevedo de Borges, to the mother of Susana Soca, expressing his sympathy on her daughter's death.","Portion of an undated manuscript entitled \"Manual de Zoologia Fantastica\" with a later inscription by Borges dated September 3, 1963.","Unpublished manuscript in English.","Subtitled: \"(imaginada con ninguna  imaginación por J.L. Borges).\"  Text differs from published version in Cuaderno San Martín.","The collection consists of five letters of Borges, some of which appear to be to his friend the writer Carlos Mastronardi.  They contain detailed references to his third book of poems \"Cuaderno San Martín.\"  An unpublished poem \"Carta Deshilvanada\" is included in one of the letters.","Borges, Buenos Aires, Argentina, to Evar Méndez, September 1925, together with envelope and a note by Borges on his calling card.","Two postcards to Sopena with scenes in Mar del Plata. Borges refers to several of his writings and mentions authors Alejandro Xul Solar, Maunel Peyrou, Amado Alonso, and Pedro Henríquez Ureña.","The note, written in English by Borges's mother and signed by him, thanks Manfred for his comments on \"Labyrinth.\"","The letter is in the hand of Borges's mother and thanks Cohen for a letter in praise of him, comments that his failing sight has slowed his work, and wishes Cohen well.","Autographed letters signed,  Jorge Luis Borges to Macedonio Fernández. One letter, written on a sheet of stationery from the Hotel Bayard, Paris, contains a sketch of a woman playing a guitar.","Letter, n.d., Jorge Luis Borges to Adolfo Bioy Casares re opinions of other writers and the theory of writing, enclosed in a hand bordered mat with textile flowering.","Two postcards and 1 note to Alfonso Reyes, Mar del Plata, 1941, with similar  contents. All three are mounted on a single decorative sheet.","Includes video","The postcard is inscribed \"a Haydee Martinez, con total amistad - Jorge Luis Borges 1931.\"","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Spanish; Castilian English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 10155","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1215"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jorge Luis Borges papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Jorge Luis Borges papers"],"collection_ssim":["Jorge Luis Borges papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased through Buenos Aires dealer Victor Aizenman from Alfredo and Gustavo Breitfeld, Libreria De Antano, and from Byblos Service Corporation by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library over a span of 40 years."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Manuscripts (documents)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Manuscripts (documents)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good."],"extent_ssm":["0.07 Cubic Feet 1 legal size document box and 1 oversize box"],"extent_tesim":["0.07 Cubic Feet 1 legal size document box and 1 oversize box"],"physfacet_tesim":["oversize box is in the vault V-7"],"genreform_ssim":["Manuscripts (documents)"],"date_range_isim":[1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eItem has an orange slip for conservation and housing. This folder is smaller 914x18)and is in the Borges oversize box V-7 which is a large flat box. (to keep it with the other oversize Borges items).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Item has an orange slip for conservation and housing. This folder is smaller 914x18)and is in the Borges oversize box V-7 which is a large flat box. (to keep it with the other oversize Borges items)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNew collection of eleven manuscripts by writer Jorge Luis Borges which have been combined with the Borges collection. The new acquisitions include Herrera y Reissig; Soneta Para un Tango en la Nochecita; La Cabala (1943), Los Espejos Velados; Prologo a Mester de Juderia, de Carlos Grunberg;El Milagro Secreto; Nota Sobre la Paz; De Alguien a Nadie; La Biblioteca Total; El Dios y el Rey; and Prose Poems for I. J.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther Borges manuscripts include : Juderia, Ciudad, Calle Desconocida, Villa Mazzini, Trincheras, La Vuelta a Buenos Aires (and letter), Essay on Flaubert, La Pampa y el Suburbio son Dioses, A la Doctrina de Pasion de Tu Voz, La Cabala (1930), A Mia Padre, El Muerto, La Casa de Asterion, Viejo Habito Argentino, Plaza San Martin (and letter), S. S. Poem, Manual de Zoologica Fantastica, The Mirror and the Mask, and La Fundacion Mitologica de Buenos Aires.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include Carlo Mastronardi, Ever Mendez, Ramon Sopena, Atillo Rossi,Ernest T. Manfred, Mr. Cohen, Macedonio Fernandez, and Jorge Luis Borges.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso included is a lecture by Jorge Luis Borges on Shakespeare's birthday (1976) and a photograph of Jorge Luis Borges from 1931.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe autograph manuscript of Música patria, written in 1919, contains 1920 and 1923 additions by Borges.  The manuscript includes three sketches by Borges of a farm scene, two musicians, and a couple dancing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAutograph manuscript with corrections made in 1943\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Ciudad\" with corrections made in 1943.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Calle Desconocida\" with corrections made in 1943.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManuscript, with numerous corrections and emendations, of Jorge Luis  Borges, entitled \"Trincheras.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Herrera Y Reissig\" is an original holograph manuscript by Jorges Luis Borges about the Uruguayan Symbolist poet Julio Herra Y Reissig. 3 leaves titled and signed. It was published in the September 1924 issue of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eInicial\u003c/emph\u003e and then republished in in Borge's book \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eInquisiciones\u003c/emph\u003e in [1925]. No other manuscript is known.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains a signed autograph manuscript, 1926, of Borges's poem \"La vuelta a Buenos Aires\" from \"Luna de Enfrente,\" 1926, inscribed \"A Matilde.\"  With it is a letter, 1924 December 24, [Buenos Aires] to \"Méndez\" regarding the publication and title of his forthcoming book \"Luna de Enfrente,\" and his friendship with Méndez (apparently associated with the publishing of Luna de Enfrente).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePortions appeared in Flaubert y su destino ejemplar and Vindicación de \"Bouvard et Pecuchet.\" The last three pages were dictated to his mother, Dona Leonor Acevedo, and are in her hand.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript, with corrections by Borges, was intended as an essay in \"El Idiona de los Argentinos\" but was never published.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManuscript draft of a central essay in \"El Tamaño de mi Esperanza.\" With the manuscript is a letter, 1948 December 25, Ricardo Molinari to \"mi estimato doctor,\" conveying the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSigned autograph manuscript of the foreword to \"Luna de enfrente.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA critical analysis of Julio Noe.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHolograph manuscript, \"Sonnet for an Evening Tango\" signed and dated \"Jorge Luis Borges 1926\", in black ink on the recto of a leaf of pink paper. One deletion, with a correction written above. It was published in March 1926 in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCaras y Caretas\u003c/emph\u003e, and never printed in any of Borge's works. No other manuscript known.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt it a very important manuscript, for its content related to another manuscript about the tango and for its early date.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHolograph manuscript,\"La Cábala\" (The Kabbalah), by Jorge Luis Borges, unpublished, in black ink on both sides of 2 leaves of gridded spiral notebook paper, numbered by Borges. There is a small hole at the front of the leaf, and a few ink blots.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLengthy discussion by Borges on the Cabala significantly reflects and complements Borges original text of this essay (La Cabala 1943). It contains rare glimpses of his research sources and notes for his subject.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains many source notes in the margins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHolograph manuscript signed by Jorge Luis Borges, in black ink on 2 large paper leaves. They are two linked poems of 29 and 27 lines respectively desgnated \"I\" and \"II\". They were written in 1934 and dedicated to \"I. J\" which were false initials concealing the true identity of dedicatee Pipina Diehl de Moreno Hueyo. They were published in 1943, in the first compilation of Borge's poems [Poemas (1922-1943)]. They were republished under the title \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eTwo English Poems\u003c/emph\u003e, this time dedicated to Beatriz Bibiloni Webster de Bullrich. These are the only poems Borges is known to have written in English [sic].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis manuscript is distinguished in that it is English and represents an individual close to Borges. Manuscripts by Borges that are in English are very rare. They demonstrate his proficiency in the English language which he learned before Spanish.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHolograph manuscript \"The Observant Mirrors\" by Jorge Luis Borges signed in black ink on a blank endleaf from an unidentified book. It is about a fantasy and is published in the very rare journal \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDestiempo\u003c/emph\u003e (no. 1 October 1936). It shows an early instance of Borges fascination and horror of mirrors which pervades his writings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBorges's poem is signed \"Buenos Aires 1938 J.L.B.\" and has a sketch of a broadleaf tree at the bottom.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHolograph manuscript \"Universal Library\" by Jorge Luis Borges, titled, signed, and dated \"Agosto 1939\", in black ink on gridded spiral notebook paper, 4 leaves numbered by Borges, with numerous corrections,and deletions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe concept of the \"universal library,\" crystallizes, like no other Borge's literary themes- so vast, multifaceted, and undefinable as this literary concept in which the universe is reflected. This fictional essay was first published in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSur\u003c/emph\u003e no. 59 and never republished. It is considered as the first version and precursor of the later story \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLa Biblioteca de Babel\u003c/emph\u003e [1941] and is one of the most significant Borges manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA culturally important work by Borges, it shows his vision of what he later called \"The Library of Babel\" and is a reflection of his entire approach to philosophy of not only literature but of existence itself.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHolograph manuscript by Jorge Luis Borges, Prologue to Carlos Grunberg's book \"Mester de Juderia\", titled and signed by Borges, in black ink on 3 leaves of gridded and 2 leaves of unlined paper, each leaf numbered by Borges. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt is an expansive text that exceeds the bounds of a prologue, being more of a political-literary essay which is unusual for Borges. It condemns European antisemitism and its Argentine \"facsimile\" [sic]. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHolograph manuscript \"The Secret Miracle\" by Jorge Luis Borges titled and signed in black ink, and leaves numbered by Borges. Many deletions, variants, and interpolations. It offers an invaluable look at the changes he made to one of his favorite writings. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe original holograph manuscript of this story was published in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSur\u003c/emph\u003e no. 101 (February 1943), then reprinted in the first edition of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFicciones\u003c/emph\u003e(1944). Proof of the esteem in which Borges held this story is its inclusion in the new edition of his \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLa muerte y la brujula\u003c/emph\u003e (1951) and in his \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAntologia Personal\u003c/emph\u003e (1961). It was followed by its recreation in other Borges collected prose books of similar literary reputation.Two of the four leaves are reproduced in Daniel Balderston, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHow Borges wrote\u003c/emph\u003e Charlottesville: UVA Press, 2018. Balderston focused on Borge's use of geometrical symbols to indicate where marginal additions are to be inserted into the text.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHolograph manuscript \"A Note on Peace\" titled, signed, and dated \"Jorges Luis Borges, 1945\". With deletions and interpolations. The original manuscript was published in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSur\u003c/emph\u003e no. 129 (May 1945)about the Allied victory over Nazi Germany. It extols Britain's role and demonstrates what was, unusually for Borges, a strong commitment to liberalism and Western civilization.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript shows Borges' hopeful attitude toward the collapse of the Nazis as World War II is ending, and it places that subject in an Argentine context. This is an important perspective during that period of time in his country.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe short story, published in \"El Aleph,\" contains many corrections in the form of line-throughs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA letter to Borges from Julio Cortázar concerns this story and his own fondness for Asterión.Collection includes Borges's short story, \"La casa de Asterión\" published in \"Los Anales de Buenos Aires Ano II\" and later in \"El Aleph.\" Contains numerous textual corrections and variants from printed versions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was written in 1946 and revised in 1950 and 1955 by Borges and contains six sketches by him, two as part of his signature. One is a detailed half page sketch of \"dio Hydra der Dikator\" with heads of Hitler, Marx, etc. It was subsequently published as \"Nuestro pobre individualismo\" (from Otras Inquisiciones).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHolograph manuscript \"From Someone to No One\" by Jorge Luis Borges, signed in black ink on gridded notebook paper, numbered by Borges. With deletions and interpolations. The manuscript is an essay that first appeared in the march 1950 issue of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSur\u003c/emph\u003e, reprinted in Borges's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eOtras Inquisciones\u003c/emph\u003e (1952) and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAntologia Personal\u003c/emph\u003e (1961). It describes the paradox, which applies to gods as well as men, of a consuming ambition which can only be based on personal annihilation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt is a critically significant text, with numerous alterations which are valuable for their content, as it relates aspects of Borges' complex views on Man and divitnity (an important theme for him). This text was well known at the time that it was published.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso included is a drawing by Atilio Rossi\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJorges Luis Borges original holograph manuscript, \"El Dios y Elrey\" (God and the King)titled and signed, in black ink, 3 leaves numbered by Borges with deletions, corrections, and interpolations. The corrections on this manuscript and other manuscripts in the collection demonstrate his work toward a final publication. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe original holograph manuscript of this story, first published in Buenos Aires newspaper, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLa Nacion\u003c/emph\u003e in May 1954, and reprinted in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSur\u003c/emph\u003e no. 234 (November-December 1954); later selected by Borges to be reprinted in the anthology Paginas de Jorge Luis Borges seleccionada por su autor. (1982). [No other manuscript known.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"S.S.\" published in 1960 in \"El hacedor\" under the title \"Susana Soca.\" With the poem is a letter from Borges, 1959 January, Buenos Aires, in the hand of Arevedo de Borges, to the mother of Susana Soca, expressing his sympathy on her daughter's death.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePortion of an undated manuscript entitled \"Manual de Zoologia Fantastica\" with a later inscription by Borges dated September 3, 1963.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscript in English.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubtitled: \"(imaginada con ninguna  imaginación por J.L. Borges).\"  Text differs from published version in Cuaderno San Martín.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of five letters of Borges, some of which appear to be to his friend the writer Carlos Mastronardi.  They contain detailed references to his third book of poems \"Cuaderno San Martín.\"  An unpublished poem \"Carta Deshilvanada\" is included in one of the letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBorges, Buenos Aires, Argentina, to Evar Méndez, September 1925, together with envelope and a note by Borges on his calling card.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo postcards to Sopena with scenes in Mar del Plata. Borges refers to several of his writings and mentions authors Alejandro Xul Solar, Maunel Peyrou, Amado Alonso, and Pedro Henríquez Ureña.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe note, written in English by Borges's mother and signed by him, thanks Manfred for his comments on \"Labyrinth.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe letter is in the hand of Borges's mother and thanks Cohen for a letter in praise of him, comments that his failing sight has slowed his work, and wishes Cohen well.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAutographed letters signed,  Jorge Luis Borges to Macedonio Fernández. One letter, written on a sheet of stationery from the Hotel Bayard, Paris, contains a sketch of a woman playing a guitar.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter, n.d., Jorge Luis Borges to Adolfo Bioy Casares re opinions of other writers and the theory of writing, enclosed in a hand bordered mat with textile flowering.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTwo postcards and 1 note to Alfonso Reyes, Mar del Plata, 1941, with similar  contents. All three are mounted on a single decorative sheet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes video\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe postcard is inscribed \"a Haydee Martinez, con total amistad - Jorge Luis Borges 1931.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["New collection of eleven manuscripts by writer Jorge Luis Borges which have been combined with the Borges collection. The new acquisitions include Herrera y Reissig; Soneta Para un Tango en la Nochecita; La Cabala (1943), Los Espejos Velados; Prologo a Mester de Juderia, de Carlos Grunberg;El Milagro Secreto; Nota Sobre la Paz; De Alguien a Nadie; La Biblioteca Total; El Dios y el Rey; and Prose Poems for I. J.","Other Borges manuscripts include : Juderia, Ciudad, Calle Desconocida, Villa Mazzini, Trincheras, La Vuelta a Buenos Aires (and letter), Essay on Flaubert, La Pampa y el Suburbio son Dioses, A la Doctrina de Pasion de Tu Voz, La Cabala (1930), A Mia Padre, El Muerto, La Casa de Asterion, Viejo Habito Argentino, Plaza San Martin (and letter), S. S. Poem, Manual de Zoologica Fantastica, The Mirror and the Mask, and La Fundacion Mitologica de Buenos Aires.","Correspondents include Carlo Mastronardi, Ever Mendez, Ramon Sopena, Atillo Rossi,Ernest T. Manfred, Mr. Cohen, Macedonio Fernandez, and Jorge Luis Borges.","Also included is a lecture by Jorge Luis Borges on Shakespeare's birthday (1976) and a photograph of Jorge Luis Borges from 1931.","The autograph manuscript of Música patria, written in 1919, contains 1920 and 1923 additions by Borges.  The manuscript includes three sketches by Borges of a farm scene, two musicians, and a couple dancing.","Autograph manuscript with corrections made in 1943","\"Ciudad\" with corrections made in 1943.","\"Calle Desconocida\" with corrections made in 1943.","Manuscript, with numerous corrections and emendations, of Jorge Luis  Borges, entitled \"Trincheras.\"","\"Herrera Y Reissig\" is an original holograph manuscript by Jorges Luis Borges about the Uruguayan Symbolist poet Julio Herra Y Reissig. 3 leaves titled and signed. It was published in the September 1924 issue of  Inicial  and then republished in in Borge's book  Inquisiciones  in [1925]. No other manuscript is known.","The collection contains a signed autograph manuscript, 1926, of Borges's poem \"La vuelta a Buenos Aires\" from \"Luna de Enfrente,\" 1926, inscribed \"A Matilde.\"  With it is a letter, 1924 December 24, [Buenos Aires] to \"Méndez\" regarding the publication and title of his forthcoming book \"Luna de Enfrente,\" and his friendship with Méndez (apparently associated with the publishing of Luna de Enfrente).","Portions appeared in Flaubert y su destino ejemplar and Vindicación de \"Bouvard et Pecuchet.\" The last three pages were dictated to his mother, Dona Leonor Acevedo, and are in her hand.","The manuscript, with corrections by Borges, was intended as an essay in \"El Idiona de los Argentinos\" but was never published.","Manuscript draft of a central essay in \"El Tamaño de mi Esperanza.\" With the manuscript is a letter, 1948 December 25, Ricardo Molinari to \"mi estimato doctor,\" conveying the manuscript.","Signed autograph manuscript of the foreword to \"Luna de enfrente.\"","A critical analysis of Julio Noe.","Holograph manuscript, \"Sonnet for an Evening Tango\" signed and dated \"Jorge Luis Borges 1926\", in black ink on the recto of a leaf of pink paper. One deletion, with a correction written above. It was published in March 1926 in  Caras y Caretas , and never printed in any of Borge's works. No other manuscript known.","It it a very important manuscript, for its content related to another manuscript about the tango and for its early date.","Holograph manuscript,\"La Cábala\" (The Kabbalah), by Jorge Luis Borges, unpublished, in black ink on both sides of 2 leaves of gridded spiral notebook paper, numbered by Borges. There is a small hole at the front of the leaf, and a few ink blots.  ","Lengthy discussion by Borges on the Cabala significantly reflects and complements Borges original text of this essay (La Cabala 1943). It contains rare glimpses of his research sources and notes for his subject.","Contains many source notes in the margins.","Holograph manuscript signed by Jorge Luis Borges, in black ink on 2 large paper leaves. They are two linked poems of 29 and 27 lines respectively desgnated \"I\" and \"II\". They were written in 1934 and dedicated to \"I. J\" which were false initials concealing the true identity of dedicatee Pipina Diehl de Moreno Hueyo. They were published in 1943, in the first compilation of Borge's poems [Poemas (1922-1943)]. They were republished under the title  Two English Poems , this time dedicated to Beatriz Bibiloni Webster de Bullrich. These are the only poems Borges is known to have written in English [sic].","This manuscript is distinguished in that it is English and represents an individual close to Borges. Manuscripts by Borges that are in English are very rare. They demonstrate his proficiency in the English language which he learned before Spanish.","Holograph manuscript \"The Observant Mirrors\" by Jorge Luis Borges signed in black ink on a blank endleaf from an unidentified book. It is about a fantasy and is published in the very rare journal  Destiempo  (no. 1 October 1936). It shows an early instance of Borges fascination and horror of mirrors which pervades his writings.","Borges's poem is signed \"Buenos Aires 1938 J.L.B.\" and has a sketch of a broadleaf tree at the bottom.","Holograph manuscript \"Universal Library\" by Jorge Luis Borges, titled, signed, and dated \"Agosto 1939\", in black ink on gridded spiral notebook paper, 4 leaves numbered by Borges, with numerous corrections,and deletions.","The concept of the \"universal library,\" crystallizes, like no other Borge's literary themes- so vast, multifaceted, and undefinable as this literary concept in which the universe is reflected. This fictional essay was first published in  Sur  no. 59 and never republished. It is considered as the first version and precursor of the later story  La Biblioteca de Babel  [1941] and is one of the most significant Borges manuscripts.","A culturally important work by Borges, it shows his vision of what he later called \"The Library of Babel\" and is a reflection of his entire approach to philosophy of not only literature but of existence itself.","Holograph manuscript by Jorge Luis Borges, Prologue to Carlos Grunberg's book \"Mester de Juderia\", titled and signed by Borges, in black ink on 3 leaves of gridded and 2 leaves of unlined paper, each leaf numbered by Borges. ","It is an expansive text that exceeds the bounds of a prologue, being more of a political-literary essay which is unusual for Borges. It condemns European antisemitism and its Argentine \"facsimile\" [sic]. ","Holograph manuscript \"The Secret Miracle\" by Jorge Luis Borges titled and signed in black ink, and leaves numbered by Borges. Many deletions, variants, and interpolations. It offers an invaluable look at the changes he made to one of his favorite writings. ","The original holograph manuscript of this story was published in  Sur  no. 101 (February 1943), then reprinted in the first edition of  Ficciones (1944). Proof of the esteem in which Borges held this story is its inclusion in the new edition of his  La muerte y la brujula  (1951) and in his  Antologia Personal  (1961). It was followed by its recreation in other Borges collected prose books of similar literary reputation.Two of the four leaves are reproduced in Daniel Balderston,  How Borges wrote  Charlottesville: UVA Press, 2018. Balderston focused on Borge's use of geometrical symbols to indicate where marginal additions are to be inserted into the text.","Holograph manuscript \"A Note on Peace\" titled, signed, and dated \"Jorges Luis Borges, 1945\". With deletions and interpolations. The original manuscript was published in  Sur  no. 129 (May 1945)about the Allied victory over Nazi Germany. It extols Britain's role and demonstrates what was, unusually for Borges, a strong commitment to liberalism and Western civilization.","The manuscript shows Borges' hopeful attitude toward the collapse of the Nazis as World War II is ending, and it places that subject in an Argentine context. This is an important perspective during that period of time in his country.","The short story, published in \"El Aleph,\" contains many corrections in the form of line-throughs.","A letter to Borges from Julio Cortázar concerns this story and his own fondness for Asterión.Collection includes Borges's short story, \"La casa de Asterión\" published in \"Los Anales de Buenos Aires Ano II\" and later in \"El Aleph.\" Contains numerous textual corrections and variants from printed versions.","The manuscript was written in 1946 and revised in 1950 and 1955 by Borges and contains six sketches by him, two as part of his signature. One is a detailed half page sketch of \"dio Hydra der Dikator\" with heads of Hitler, Marx, etc. It was subsequently published as \"Nuestro pobre individualismo\" (from Otras Inquisiciones).","Holograph manuscript \"From Someone to No One\" by Jorge Luis Borges, signed in black ink on gridded notebook paper, numbered by Borges. With deletions and interpolations. The manuscript is an essay that first appeared in the march 1950 issue of  Sur , reprinted in Borges's  Otras Inquisciones  (1952) and  Antologia Personal  (1961). It describes the paradox, which applies to gods as well as men, of a consuming ambition which can only be based on personal annihilation.","It is a critically significant text, with numerous alterations which are valuable for their content, as it relates aspects of Borges' complex views on Man and divitnity (an important theme for him). This text was well known at the time that it was published.","Also included is a drawing by Atilio Rossi","Jorges Luis Borges original holograph manuscript, \"El Dios y Elrey\" (God and the King)titled and signed, in black ink, 3 leaves numbered by Borges with deletions, corrections, and interpolations. The corrections on this manuscript and other manuscripts in the collection demonstrate his work toward a final publication. ","The original holograph manuscript of this story, first published in Buenos Aires newspaper,  La Nacion  in May 1954, and reprinted in  Sur  no. 234 (November-December 1954); later selected by Borges to be reprinted in the anthology Paginas de Jorge Luis Borges seleccionada por su autor. (1982). [No other manuscript known.]","\"S.S.\" published in 1960 in \"El hacedor\" under the title \"Susana Soca.\" With the poem is a letter from Borges, 1959 January, Buenos Aires, in the hand of Arevedo de Borges, to the mother of Susana Soca, expressing his sympathy on her daughter's death.","Portion of an undated manuscript entitled \"Manual de Zoologia Fantastica\" with a later inscription by Borges dated September 3, 1963.","Unpublished manuscript in English.","Subtitled: \"(imaginada con ninguna  imaginación por J.L. Borges).\"  Text differs from published version in Cuaderno San Martín.","The collection consists of five letters of Borges, some of which appear to be to his friend the writer Carlos Mastronardi.  They contain detailed references to his third book of poems \"Cuaderno San Martín.\"  An unpublished poem \"Carta Deshilvanada\" is included in one of the letters.","Borges, Buenos Aires, Argentina, to Evar Méndez, September 1925, together with envelope and a note by Borges on his calling card.","Two postcards to Sopena with scenes in Mar del Plata. Borges refers to several of his writings and mentions authors Alejandro Xul Solar, Maunel Peyrou, Amado Alonso, and Pedro Henríquez Ureña.","The note, written in English by Borges's mother and signed by him, thanks Manfred for his comments on \"Labyrinth.\"","The letter is in the hand of Borges's mother and thanks Cohen for a letter in praise of him, comments that his failing sight has slowed his work, and wishes Cohen well.","Autographed letters signed,  Jorge Luis Borges to Macedonio Fernández. One letter, written on a sheet of stationery from the Hotel Bayard, Paris, contains a sketch of a woman playing a guitar.","Letter, n.d., Jorge Luis Borges to Adolfo Bioy Casares re opinions of other writers and the theory of writing, enclosed in a hand bordered mat with textile flowering.","Two postcards and 1 note to Alfonso Reyes, Mar del Plata, 1941, with similar  contents. All three are mounted on a single decorative sheet.","Includes video","The postcard is inscribed \"a Haydee Martinez, con total amistad - Jorge Luis Borges 1931.\""],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["Spanish; Castilian English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":53,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:52:50.902Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1215","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1215","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1215","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1215","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1215.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/136450","title_filing_ssi":"Borges, Jorge Luis, manuscripts","title_ssm":["Jorge Luis Borges papers"],"title_tesim":["Jorge Luis Borges papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1919-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1919-1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 10155","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1215"],"text":["MSS 10155","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1215","Jorge Luis Borges papers","Manuscripts (documents)","Good.","The collection is open for research use.","Item has an orange slip for conservation and housing. This folder is smaller 914x18)and is in the Borges oversize box V-7 which is a large flat box. (to keep it with the other oversize Borges items).","New collection of eleven manuscripts by writer Jorge Luis Borges which have been combined with the Borges collection. The new acquisitions include Herrera y Reissig; Soneta Para un Tango en la Nochecita; La Cabala (1943), Los Espejos Velados; Prologo a Mester de Juderia, de Carlos Grunberg;El Milagro Secreto; Nota Sobre la Paz; De Alguien a Nadie; La Biblioteca Total; El Dios y el Rey; and Prose Poems for I. J.","Other Borges manuscripts include : Juderia, Ciudad, Calle Desconocida, Villa Mazzini, Trincheras, La Vuelta a Buenos Aires (and letter), Essay on Flaubert, La Pampa y el Suburbio son Dioses, A la Doctrina de Pasion de Tu Voz, La Cabala (1930), A Mia Padre, El Muerto, La Casa de Asterion, Viejo Habito Argentino, Plaza San Martin (and letter), S. S. Poem, Manual de Zoologica Fantastica, The Mirror and the Mask, and La Fundacion Mitologica de Buenos Aires.","Correspondents include Carlo Mastronardi, Ever Mendez, Ramon Sopena, Atillo Rossi,Ernest T. Manfred, Mr. Cohen, Macedonio Fernandez, and Jorge Luis Borges.","Also included is a lecture by Jorge Luis Borges on Shakespeare's birthday (1976) and a photograph of Jorge Luis Borges from 1931.","The autograph manuscript of Música patria, written in 1919, contains 1920 and 1923 additions by Borges.  The manuscript includes three sketches by Borges of a farm scene, two musicians, and a couple dancing.","Autograph manuscript with corrections made in 1943","\"Ciudad\" with corrections made in 1943.","\"Calle Desconocida\" with corrections made in 1943.","Manuscript, with numerous corrections and emendations, of Jorge Luis  Borges, entitled \"Trincheras.\"","\"Herrera Y Reissig\" is an original holograph manuscript by Jorges Luis Borges about the Uruguayan Symbolist poet Julio Herra Y Reissig. 3 leaves titled and signed. It was published in the September 1924 issue of  Inicial  and then republished in in Borge's book  Inquisiciones  in [1925]. No other manuscript is known.","The collection contains a signed autograph manuscript, 1926, of Borges's poem \"La vuelta a Buenos Aires\" from \"Luna de Enfrente,\" 1926, inscribed \"A Matilde.\"  With it is a letter, 1924 December 24, [Buenos Aires] to \"Méndez\" regarding the publication and title of his forthcoming book \"Luna de Enfrente,\" and his friendship with Méndez (apparently associated with the publishing of Luna de Enfrente).","Portions appeared in Flaubert y su destino ejemplar and Vindicación de \"Bouvard et Pecuchet.\" The last three pages were dictated to his mother, Dona Leonor Acevedo, and are in her hand.","The manuscript, with corrections by Borges, was intended as an essay in \"El Idiona de los Argentinos\" but was never published.","Manuscript draft of a central essay in \"El Tamaño de mi Esperanza.\" With the manuscript is a letter, 1948 December 25, Ricardo Molinari to \"mi estimato doctor,\" conveying the manuscript.","Signed autograph manuscript of the foreword to \"Luna de enfrente.\"","A critical analysis of Julio Noe.","Holograph manuscript, \"Sonnet for an Evening Tango\" signed and dated \"Jorge Luis Borges 1926\", in black ink on the recto of a leaf of pink paper. One deletion, with a correction written above. It was published in March 1926 in  Caras y Caretas , and never printed in any of Borge's works. No other manuscript known.","It it a very important manuscript, for its content related to another manuscript about the tango and for its early date.","Holograph manuscript,\"La Cábala\" (The Kabbalah), by Jorge Luis Borges, unpublished, in black ink on both sides of 2 leaves of gridded spiral notebook paper, numbered by Borges. There is a small hole at the front of the leaf, and a few ink blots.  ","Lengthy discussion by Borges on the Cabala significantly reflects and complements Borges original text of this essay (La Cabala 1943). It contains rare glimpses of his research sources and notes for his subject.","Contains many source notes in the margins.","Holograph manuscript signed by Jorge Luis Borges, in black ink on 2 large paper leaves. They are two linked poems of 29 and 27 lines respectively desgnated \"I\" and \"II\". They were written in 1934 and dedicated to \"I. J\" which were false initials concealing the true identity of dedicatee Pipina Diehl de Moreno Hueyo. They were published in 1943, in the first compilation of Borge's poems [Poemas (1922-1943)]. They were republished under the title  Two English Poems , this time dedicated to Beatriz Bibiloni Webster de Bullrich. These are the only poems Borges is known to have written in English [sic].","This manuscript is distinguished in that it is English and represents an individual close to Borges. Manuscripts by Borges that are in English are very rare. They demonstrate his proficiency in the English language which he learned before Spanish.","Holograph manuscript \"The Observant Mirrors\" by Jorge Luis Borges signed in black ink on a blank endleaf from an unidentified book. It is about a fantasy and is published in the very rare journal  Destiempo  (no. 1 October 1936). It shows an early instance of Borges fascination and horror of mirrors which pervades his writings.","Borges's poem is signed \"Buenos Aires 1938 J.L.B.\" and has a sketch of a broadleaf tree at the bottom.","Holograph manuscript \"Universal Library\" by Jorge Luis Borges, titled, signed, and dated \"Agosto 1939\", in black ink on gridded spiral notebook paper, 4 leaves numbered by Borges, with numerous corrections,and deletions.","The concept of the \"universal library,\" crystallizes, like no other Borge's literary themes- so vast, multifaceted, and undefinable as this literary concept in which the universe is reflected. This fictional essay was first published in  Sur  no. 59 and never republished. It is considered as the first version and precursor of the later story  La Biblioteca de Babel  [1941] and is one of the most significant Borges manuscripts.","A culturally important work by Borges, it shows his vision of what he later called \"The Library of Babel\" and is a reflection of his entire approach to philosophy of not only literature but of existence itself.","Holograph manuscript by Jorge Luis Borges, Prologue to Carlos Grunberg's book \"Mester de Juderia\", titled and signed by Borges, in black ink on 3 leaves of gridded and 2 leaves of unlined paper, each leaf numbered by Borges. ","It is an expansive text that exceeds the bounds of a prologue, being more of a political-literary essay which is unusual for Borges. It condemns European antisemitism and its Argentine \"facsimile\" [sic]. ","Holograph manuscript \"The Secret Miracle\" by Jorge Luis Borges titled and signed in black ink, and leaves numbered by Borges. Many deletions, variants, and interpolations. It offers an invaluable look at the changes he made to one of his favorite writings. ","The original holograph manuscript of this story was published in  Sur  no. 101 (February 1943), then reprinted in the first edition of  Ficciones (1944). Proof of the esteem in which Borges held this story is its inclusion in the new edition of his  La muerte y la brujula  (1951) and in his  Antologia Personal  (1961). It was followed by its recreation in other Borges collected prose books of similar literary reputation.Two of the four leaves are reproduced in Daniel Balderston,  How Borges wrote  Charlottesville: UVA Press, 2018. Balderston focused on Borge's use of geometrical symbols to indicate where marginal additions are to be inserted into the text.","Holograph manuscript \"A Note on Peace\" titled, signed, and dated \"Jorges Luis Borges, 1945\". With deletions and interpolations. The original manuscript was published in  Sur  no. 129 (May 1945)about the Allied victory over Nazi Germany. It extols Britain's role and demonstrates what was, unusually for Borges, a strong commitment to liberalism and Western civilization.","The manuscript shows Borges' hopeful attitude toward the collapse of the Nazis as World War II is ending, and it places that subject in an Argentine context. This is an important perspective during that period of time in his country.","The short story, published in \"El Aleph,\" contains many corrections in the form of line-throughs.","A letter to Borges from Julio Cortázar concerns this story and his own fondness for Asterión.Collection includes Borges's short story, \"La casa de Asterión\" published in \"Los Anales de Buenos Aires Ano II\" and later in \"El Aleph.\" Contains numerous textual corrections and variants from printed versions.","The manuscript was written in 1946 and revised in 1950 and 1955 by Borges and contains six sketches by him, two as part of his signature. One is a detailed half page sketch of \"dio Hydra der Dikator\" with heads of Hitler, Marx, etc. It was subsequently published as \"Nuestro pobre individualismo\" (from Otras Inquisiciones).","Holograph manuscript \"From Someone to No One\" by Jorge Luis Borges, signed in black ink on gridded notebook paper, numbered by Borges. With deletions and interpolations. The manuscript is an essay that first appeared in the march 1950 issue of  Sur , reprinted in Borges's  Otras Inquisciones  (1952) and  Antologia Personal  (1961). It describes the paradox, which applies to gods as well as men, of a consuming ambition which can only be based on personal annihilation.","It is a critically significant text, with numerous alterations which are valuable for their content, as it relates aspects of Borges' complex views on Man and divitnity (an important theme for him). This text was well known at the time that it was published.","Also included is a drawing by Atilio Rossi","Jorges Luis Borges original holograph manuscript, \"El Dios y Elrey\" (God and the King)titled and signed, in black ink, 3 leaves numbered by Borges with deletions, corrections, and interpolations. The corrections on this manuscript and other manuscripts in the collection demonstrate his work toward a final publication. ","The original holograph manuscript of this story, first published in Buenos Aires newspaper,  La Nacion  in May 1954, and reprinted in  Sur  no. 234 (November-December 1954); later selected by Borges to be reprinted in the anthology Paginas de Jorge Luis Borges seleccionada por su autor. (1982). [No other manuscript known.]","\"S.S.\" published in 1960 in \"El hacedor\" under the title \"Susana Soca.\" With the poem is a letter from Borges, 1959 January, Buenos Aires, in the hand of Arevedo de Borges, to the mother of Susana Soca, expressing his sympathy on her daughter's death.","Portion of an undated manuscript entitled \"Manual de Zoologia Fantastica\" with a later inscription by Borges dated September 3, 1963.","Unpublished manuscript in English.","Subtitled: \"(imaginada con ninguna  imaginación por J.L. Borges).\"  Text differs from published version in Cuaderno San Martín.","The collection consists of five letters of Borges, some of which appear to be to his friend the writer Carlos Mastronardi.  They contain detailed references to his third book of poems \"Cuaderno San Martín.\"  An unpublished poem \"Carta Deshilvanada\" is included in one of the letters.","Borges, Buenos Aires, Argentina, to Evar Méndez, September 1925, together with envelope and a note by Borges on his calling card.","Two postcards to Sopena with scenes in Mar del Plata. Borges refers to several of his writings and mentions authors Alejandro Xul Solar, Maunel Peyrou, Amado Alonso, and Pedro Henríquez Ureña.","The note, written in English by Borges's mother and signed by him, thanks Manfred for his comments on \"Labyrinth.\"","The letter is in the hand of Borges's mother and thanks Cohen for a letter in praise of him, comments that his failing sight has slowed his work, and wishes Cohen well.","Autographed letters signed,  Jorge Luis Borges to Macedonio Fernández. One letter, written on a sheet of stationery from the Hotel Bayard, Paris, contains a sketch of a woman playing a guitar.","Letter, n.d., Jorge Luis Borges to Adolfo Bioy Casares re opinions of other writers and the theory of writing, enclosed in a hand bordered mat with textile flowering.","Two postcards and 1 note to Alfonso Reyes, Mar del Plata, 1941, with similar  contents. All three are mounted on a single decorative sheet.","Includes video","The postcard is inscribed \"a Haydee Martinez, con total amistad - Jorge Luis Borges 1931.\"","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Spanish; Castilian English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 10155","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1215"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jorge Luis Borges papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Jorge Luis Borges papers"],"collection_ssim":["Jorge Luis Borges papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased through Buenos Aires dealer Victor Aizenman from Alfredo and Gustavo Breitfeld, Libreria De Antano, and from Byblos Service Corporation by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library over a span of 40 years."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Manuscripts (documents)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Manuscripts (documents)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good."],"extent_ssm":["0.07 Cubic Feet 1 legal size document box and 1 oversize box"],"extent_tesim":["0.07 Cubic Feet 1 legal size document box and 1 oversize box"],"physfacet_tesim":["oversize box is in the vault V-7"],"genreform_ssim":["Manuscripts (documents)"],"date_range_isim":[1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eItem has an orange slip for conservation and housing. This folder is smaller 914x18)and is in the Borges oversize box V-7 which is a large flat box. (to keep it with the other oversize Borges items).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Item has an orange slip for conservation and housing. This folder is smaller 914x18)and is in the Borges oversize box V-7 which is a large flat box. (to keep it with the other oversize Borges items)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNew collection of eleven manuscripts by writer Jorge Luis Borges which have been combined with the Borges collection. The new acquisitions include Herrera y Reissig; Soneta Para un Tango en la Nochecita; La Cabala (1943), Los Espejos Velados; Prologo a Mester de Juderia, de Carlos Grunberg;El Milagro Secreto; Nota Sobre la Paz; De Alguien a Nadie; La Biblioteca Total; El Dios y el Rey; and Prose Poems for I. J.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther Borges manuscripts include : Juderia, Ciudad, Calle Desconocida, Villa Mazzini, Trincheras, La Vuelta a Buenos Aires (and letter), Essay on Flaubert, La Pampa y el Suburbio son Dioses, A la Doctrina de Pasion de Tu Voz, La Cabala (1930), A Mia Padre, El Muerto, La Casa de Asterion, Viejo Habito Argentino, Plaza San Martin (and letter), S. S. Poem, Manual de Zoologica Fantastica, The Mirror and the Mask, and La Fundacion Mitologica de Buenos Aires.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include Carlo Mastronardi, Ever Mendez, Ramon Sopena, Atillo Rossi,Ernest T. Manfred, Mr. Cohen, Macedonio Fernandez, and Jorge Luis Borges.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso included is a lecture by Jorge Luis Borges on Shakespeare's birthday (1976) and a photograph of Jorge Luis Borges from 1931.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe autograph manuscript of Música patria, written in 1919, contains 1920 and 1923 additions by Borges.  The manuscript includes three sketches by Borges of a farm scene, two musicians, and a couple dancing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAutograph manuscript with corrections made in 1943\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Ciudad\" with corrections made in 1943.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Calle Desconocida\" with corrections made in 1943.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManuscript, with numerous corrections and emendations, of Jorge Luis  Borges, entitled \"Trincheras.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Herrera Y Reissig\" is an original holograph manuscript by Jorges Luis Borges about the Uruguayan Symbolist poet Julio Herra Y Reissig. 3 leaves titled and signed. It was published in the September 1924 issue of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eInicial\u003c/emph\u003e and then republished in in Borge's book \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eInquisiciones\u003c/emph\u003e in [1925]. No other manuscript is known.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains a signed autograph manuscript, 1926, of Borges's poem \"La vuelta a Buenos Aires\" from \"Luna de Enfrente,\" 1926, inscribed \"A Matilde.\"  With it is a letter, 1924 December 24, [Buenos Aires] to \"Méndez\" regarding the publication and title of his forthcoming book \"Luna de Enfrente,\" and his friendship with Méndez (apparently associated with the publishing of Luna de Enfrente).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePortions appeared in Flaubert y su destino ejemplar and Vindicación de \"Bouvard et Pecuchet.\" The last three pages were dictated to his mother, Dona Leonor Acevedo, and are in her hand.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript, with corrections by Borges, was intended as an essay in \"El Idiona de los Argentinos\" but was never published.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManuscript draft of a central essay in \"El Tamaño de mi Esperanza.\" With the manuscript is a letter, 1948 December 25, Ricardo Molinari to \"mi estimato doctor,\" conveying the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSigned autograph manuscript of the foreword to \"Luna de enfrente.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA critical analysis of Julio Noe.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHolograph manuscript, \"Sonnet for an Evening Tango\" signed and dated \"Jorge Luis Borges 1926\", in black ink on the recto of a leaf of pink paper. One deletion, with a correction written above. It was published in March 1926 in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCaras y Caretas\u003c/emph\u003e, and never printed in any of Borge's works. No other manuscript known.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt it a very important manuscript, for its content related to another manuscript about the tango and for its early date.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHolograph manuscript,\"La Cábala\" (The Kabbalah), by Jorge Luis Borges, unpublished, in black ink on both sides of 2 leaves of gridded spiral notebook paper, numbered by Borges. There is a small hole at the front of the leaf, and a few ink blots.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLengthy discussion by Borges on the Cabala significantly reflects and complements Borges original text of this essay (La Cabala 1943). It contains rare glimpses of his research sources and notes for his subject.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains many source notes in the margins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHolograph manuscript signed by Jorge Luis Borges, in black ink on 2 large paper leaves. They are two linked poems of 29 and 27 lines respectively desgnated \"I\" and \"II\". They were written in 1934 and dedicated to \"I. J\" which were false initials concealing the true identity of dedicatee Pipina Diehl de Moreno Hueyo. They were published in 1943, in the first compilation of Borge's poems [Poemas (1922-1943)]. They were republished under the title \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eTwo English Poems\u003c/emph\u003e, this time dedicated to Beatriz Bibiloni Webster de Bullrich. These are the only poems Borges is known to have written in English [sic].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis manuscript is distinguished in that it is English and represents an individual close to Borges. Manuscripts by Borges that are in English are very rare. They demonstrate his proficiency in the English language which he learned before Spanish.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHolograph manuscript \"The Observant Mirrors\" by Jorge Luis Borges signed in black ink on a blank endleaf from an unidentified book. It is about a fantasy and is published in the very rare journal \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDestiempo\u003c/emph\u003e (no. 1 October 1936). It shows an early instance of Borges fascination and horror of mirrors which pervades his writings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBorges's poem is signed \"Buenos Aires 1938 J.L.B.\" and has a sketch of a broadleaf tree at the bottom.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHolograph manuscript \"Universal Library\" by Jorge Luis Borges, titled, signed, and dated \"Agosto 1939\", in black ink on gridded spiral notebook paper, 4 leaves numbered by Borges, with numerous corrections,and deletions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe concept of the \"universal library,\" crystallizes, like no other Borge's literary themes- so vast, multifaceted, and undefinable as this literary concept in which the universe is reflected. This fictional essay was first published in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSur\u003c/emph\u003e no. 59 and never republished. It is considered as the first version and precursor of the later story \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLa Biblioteca de Babel\u003c/emph\u003e [1941] and is one of the most significant Borges manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA culturally important work by Borges, it shows his vision of what he later called \"The Library of Babel\" and is a reflection of his entire approach to philosophy of not only literature but of existence itself.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHolograph manuscript by Jorge Luis Borges, Prologue to Carlos Grunberg's book \"Mester de Juderia\", titled and signed by Borges, in black ink on 3 leaves of gridded and 2 leaves of unlined paper, each leaf numbered by Borges. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt is an expansive text that exceeds the bounds of a prologue, being more of a political-literary essay which is unusual for Borges. It condemns European antisemitism and its Argentine \"facsimile\" [sic]. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHolograph manuscript \"The Secret Miracle\" by Jorge Luis Borges titled and signed in black ink, and leaves numbered by Borges. Many deletions, variants, and interpolations. It offers an invaluable look at the changes he made to one of his favorite writings. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe original holograph manuscript of this story was published in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSur\u003c/emph\u003e no. 101 (February 1943), then reprinted in the first edition of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFicciones\u003c/emph\u003e(1944). Proof of the esteem in which Borges held this story is its inclusion in the new edition of his \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLa muerte y la brujula\u003c/emph\u003e (1951) and in his \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAntologia Personal\u003c/emph\u003e (1961). It was followed by its recreation in other Borges collected prose books of similar literary reputation.Two of the four leaves are reproduced in Daniel Balderston, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHow Borges wrote\u003c/emph\u003e Charlottesville: UVA Press, 2018. Balderston focused on Borge's use of geometrical symbols to indicate where marginal additions are to be inserted into the text.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHolograph manuscript \"A Note on Peace\" titled, signed, and dated \"Jorges Luis Borges, 1945\". With deletions and interpolations. The original manuscript was published in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSur\u003c/emph\u003e no. 129 (May 1945)about the Allied victory over Nazi Germany. It extols Britain's role and demonstrates what was, unusually for Borges, a strong commitment to liberalism and Western civilization.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript shows Borges' hopeful attitude toward the collapse of the Nazis as World War II is ending, and it places that subject in an Argentine context. This is an important perspective during that period of time in his country.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe short story, published in \"El Aleph,\" contains many corrections in the form of line-throughs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA letter to Borges from Julio Cortázar concerns this story and his own fondness for Asterión.Collection includes Borges's short story, \"La casa de Asterión\" published in \"Los Anales de Buenos Aires Ano II\" and later in \"El Aleph.\" Contains numerous textual corrections and variants from printed versions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was written in 1946 and revised in 1950 and 1955 by Borges and contains six sketches by him, two as part of his signature. One is a detailed half page sketch of \"dio Hydra der Dikator\" with heads of Hitler, Marx, etc. It was subsequently published as \"Nuestro pobre individualismo\" (from Otras Inquisiciones).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHolograph manuscript \"From Someone to No One\" by Jorge Luis Borges, signed in black ink on gridded notebook paper, numbered by Borges. With deletions and interpolations. The manuscript is an essay that first appeared in the march 1950 issue of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSur\u003c/emph\u003e, reprinted in Borges's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eOtras Inquisciones\u003c/emph\u003e (1952) and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAntologia Personal\u003c/emph\u003e (1961). It describes the paradox, which applies to gods as well as men, of a consuming ambition which can only be based on personal annihilation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt is a critically significant text, with numerous alterations which are valuable for their content, as it relates aspects of Borges' complex views on Man and divitnity (an important theme for him). This text was well known at the time that it was published.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso included is a drawing by Atilio Rossi\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJorges Luis Borges original holograph manuscript, \"El Dios y Elrey\" (God and the King)titled and signed, in black ink, 3 leaves numbered by Borges with deletions, corrections, and interpolations. The corrections on this manuscript and other manuscripts in the collection demonstrate his work toward a final publication. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe original holograph manuscript of this story, first published in Buenos Aires newspaper, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLa Nacion\u003c/emph\u003e in May 1954, and reprinted in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSur\u003c/emph\u003e no. 234 (November-December 1954); later selected by Borges to be reprinted in the anthology Paginas de Jorge Luis Borges seleccionada por su autor. (1982). [No other manuscript known.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"S.S.\" published in 1960 in \"El hacedor\" under the title \"Susana Soca.\" With the poem is a letter from Borges, 1959 January, Buenos Aires, in the hand of Arevedo de Borges, to the mother of Susana Soca, expressing his sympathy on her daughter's death.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePortion of an undated manuscript entitled \"Manual de Zoologia Fantastica\" with a later inscription by Borges dated September 3, 1963.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscript in English.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubtitled: \"(imaginada con ninguna  imaginación por J.L. Borges).\"  Text differs from published version in Cuaderno San Martín.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of five letters of Borges, some of which appear to be to his friend the writer Carlos Mastronardi.  They contain detailed references to his third book of poems \"Cuaderno San Martín.\"  An unpublished poem \"Carta Deshilvanada\" is included in one of the letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBorges, Buenos Aires, Argentina, to Evar Méndez, September 1925, together with envelope and a note by Borges on his calling card.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo postcards to Sopena with scenes in Mar del Plata. Borges refers to several of his writings and mentions authors Alejandro Xul Solar, Maunel Peyrou, Amado Alonso, and Pedro Henríquez Ureña.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe note, written in English by Borges's mother and signed by him, thanks Manfred for his comments on \"Labyrinth.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe letter is in the hand of Borges's mother and thanks Cohen for a letter in praise of him, comments that his failing sight has slowed his work, and wishes Cohen well.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAutographed letters signed,  Jorge Luis Borges to Macedonio Fernández. One letter, written on a sheet of stationery from the Hotel Bayard, Paris, contains a sketch of a woman playing a guitar.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter, n.d., Jorge Luis Borges to Adolfo Bioy Casares re opinions of other writers and the theory of writing, enclosed in a hand bordered mat with textile flowering.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTwo postcards and 1 note to Alfonso Reyes, Mar del Plata, 1941, with similar  contents. All three are mounted on a single decorative sheet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes video\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe postcard is inscribed \"a Haydee Martinez, con total amistad - Jorge Luis Borges 1931.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["New collection of eleven manuscripts by writer Jorge Luis Borges which have been combined with the Borges collection. The new acquisitions include Herrera y Reissig; Soneta Para un Tango en la Nochecita; La Cabala (1943), Los Espejos Velados; Prologo a Mester de Juderia, de Carlos Grunberg;El Milagro Secreto; Nota Sobre la Paz; De Alguien a Nadie; La Biblioteca Total; El Dios y el Rey; and Prose Poems for I. J.","Other Borges manuscripts include : Juderia, Ciudad, Calle Desconocida, Villa Mazzini, Trincheras, La Vuelta a Buenos Aires (and letter), Essay on Flaubert, La Pampa y el Suburbio son Dioses, A la Doctrina de Pasion de Tu Voz, La Cabala (1930), A Mia Padre, El Muerto, La Casa de Asterion, Viejo Habito Argentino, Plaza San Martin (and letter), S. S. Poem, Manual de Zoologica Fantastica, The Mirror and the Mask, and La Fundacion Mitologica de Buenos Aires.","Correspondents include Carlo Mastronardi, Ever Mendez, Ramon Sopena, Atillo Rossi,Ernest T. Manfred, Mr. Cohen, Macedonio Fernandez, and Jorge Luis Borges.","Also included is a lecture by Jorge Luis Borges on Shakespeare's birthday (1976) and a photograph of Jorge Luis Borges from 1931.","The autograph manuscript of Música patria, written in 1919, contains 1920 and 1923 additions by Borges.  The manuscript includes three sketches by Borges of a farm scene, two musicians, and a couple dancing.","Autograph manuscript with corrections made in 1943","\"Ciudad\" with corrections made in 1943.","\"Calle Desconocida\" with corrections made in 1943.","Manuscript, with numerous corrections and emendations, of Jorge Luis  Borges, entitled \"Trincheras.\"","\"Herrera Y Reissig\" is an original holograph manuscript by Jorges Luis Borges about the Uruguayan Symbolist poet Julio Herra Y Reissig. 3 leaves titled and signed. It was published in the September 1924 issue of  Inicial  and then republished in in Borge's book  Inquisiciones  in [1925]. No other manuscript is known.","The collection contains a signed autograph manuscript, 1926, of Borges's poem \"La vuelta a Buenos Aires\" from \"Luna de Enfrente,\" 1926, inscribed \"A Matilde.\"  With it is a letter, 1924 December 24, [Buenos Aires] to \"Méndez\" regarding the publication and title of his forthcoming book \"Luna de Enfrente,\" and his friendship with Méndez (apparently associated with the publishing of Luna de Enfrente).","Portions appeared in Flaubert y su destino ejemplar and Vindicación de \"Bouvard et Pecuchet.\" The last three pages were dictated to his mother, Dona Leonor Acevedo, and are in her hand.","The manuscript, with corrections by Borges, was intended as an essay in \"El Idiona de los Argentinos\" but was never published.","Manuscript draft of a central essay in \"El Tamaño de mi Esperanza.\" With the manuscript is a letter, 1948 December 25, Ricardo Molinari to \"mi estimato doctor,\" conveying the manuscript.","Signed autograph manuscript of the foreword to \"Luna de enfrente.\"","A critical analysis of Julio Noe.","Holograph manuscript, \"Sonnet for an Evening Tango\" signed and dated \"Jorge Luis Borges 1926\", in black ink on the recto of a leaf of pink paper. One deletion, with a correction written above. It was published in March 1926 in  Caras y Caretas , and never printed in any of Borge's works. No other manuscript known.","It it a very important manuscript, for its content related to another manuscript about the tango and for its early date.","Holograph manuscript,\"La Cábala\" (The Kabbalah), by Jorge Luis Borges, unpublished, in black ink on both sides of 2 leaves of gridded spiral notebook paper, numbered by Borges. There is a small hole at the front of the leaf, and a few ink blots.  ","Lengthy discussion by Borges on the Cabala significantly reflects and complements Borges original text of this essay (La Cabala 1943). It contains rare glimpses of his research sources and notes for his subject.","Contains many source notes in the margins.","Holograph manuscript signed by Jorge Luis Borges, in black ink on 2 large paper leaves. They are two linked poems of 29 and 27 lines respectively desgnated \"I\" and \"II\". They were written in 1934 and dedicated to \"I. J\" which were false initials concealing the true identity of dedicatee Pipina Diehl de Moreno Hueyo. They were published in 1943, in the first compilation of Borge's poems [Poemas (1922-1943)]. They were republished under the title  Two English Poems , this time dedicated to Beatriz Bibiloni Webster de Bullrich. These are the only poems Borges is known to have written in English [sic].","This manuscript is distinguished in that it is English and represents an individual close to Borges. Manuscripts by Borges that are in English are very rare. They demonstrate his proficiency in the English language which he learned before Spanish.","Holograph manuscript \"The Observant Mirrors\" by Jorge Luis Borges signed in black ink on a blank endleaf from an unidentified book. It is about a fantasy and is published in the very rare journal  Destiempo  (no. 1 October 1936). It shows an early instance of Borges fascination and horror of mirrors which pervades his writings.","Borges's poem is signed \"Buenos Aires 1938 J.L.B.\" and has a sketch of a broadleaf tree at the bottom.","Holograph manuscript \"Universal Library\" by Jorge Luis Borges, titled, signed, and dated \"Agosto 1939\", in black ink on gridded spiral notebook paper, 4 leaves numbered by Borges, with numerous corrections,and deletions.","The concept of the \"universal library,\" crystallizes, like no other Borge's literary themes- so vast, multifaceted, and undefinable as this literary concept in which the universe is reflected. This fictional essay was first published in  Sur  no. 59 and never republished. It is considered as the first version and precursor of the later story  La Biblioteca de Babel  [1941] and is one of the most significant Borges manuscripts.","A culturally important work by Borges, it shows his vision of what he later called \"The Library of Babel\" and is a reflection of his entire approach to philosophy of not only literature but of existence itself.","Holograph manuscript by Jorge Luis Borges, Prologue to Carlos Grunberg's book \"Mester de Juderia\", titled and signed by Borges, in black ink on 3 leaves of gridded and 2 leaves of unlined paper, each leaf numbered by Borges. ","It is an expansive text that exceeds the bounds of a prologue, being more of a political-literary essay which is unusual for Borges. It condemns European antisemitism and its Argentine \"facsimile\" [sic]. ","Holograph manuscript \"The Secret Miracle\" by Jorge Luis Borges titled and signed in black ink, and leaves numbered by Borges. Many deletions, variants, and interpolations. It offers an invaluable look at the changes he made to one of his favorite writings. ","The original holograph manuscript of this story was published in  Sur  no. 101 (February 1943), then reprinted in the first edition of  Ficciones (1944). Proof of the esteem in which Borges held this story is its inclusion in the new edition of his  La muerte y la brujula  (1951) and in his  Antologia Personal  (1961). It was followed by its recreation in other Borges collected prose books of similar literary reputation.Two of the four leaves are reproduced in Daniel Balderston,  How Borges wrote  Charlottesville: UVA Press, 2018. Balderston focused on Borge's use of geometrical symbols to indicate where marginal additions are to be inserted into the text.","Holograph manuscript \"A Note on Peace\" titled, signed, and dated \"Jorges Luis Borges, 1945\". With deletions and interpolations. The original manuscript was published in  Sur  no. 129 (May 1945)about the Allied victory over Nazi Germany. It extols Britain's role and demonstrates what was, unusually for Borges, a strong commitment to liberalism and Western civilization.","The manuscript shows Borges' hopeful attitude toward the collapse of the Nazis as World War II is ending, and it places that subject in an Argentine context. This is an important perspective during that period of time in his country.","The short story, published in \"El Aleph,\" contains many corrections in the form of line-throughs.","A letter to Borges from Julio Cortázar concerns this story and his own fondness for Asterión.Collection includes Borges's short story, \"La casa de Asterión\" published in \"Los Anales de Buenos Aires Ano II\" and later in \"El Aleph.\" Contains numerous textual corrections and variants from printed versions.","The manuscript was written in 1946 and revised in 1950 and 1955 by Borges and contains six sketches by him, two as part of his signature. One is a detailed half page sketch of \"dio Hydra der Dikator\" with heads of Hitler, Marx, etc. It was subsequently published as \"Nuestro pobre individualismo\" (from Otras Inquisiciones).","Holograph manuscript \"From Someone to No One\" by Jorge Luis Borges, signed in black ink on gridded notebook paper, numbered by Borges. With deletions and interpolations. The manuscript is an essay that first appeared in the march 1950 issue of  Sur , reprinted in Borges's  Otras Inquisciones  (1952) and  Antologia Personal  (1961). It describes the paradox, which applies to gods as well as men, of a consuming ambition which can only be based on personal annihilation.","It is a critically significant text, with numerous alterations which are valuable for their content, as it relates aspects of Borges' complex views on Man and divitnity (an important theme for him). This text was well known at the time that it was published.","Also included is a drawing by Atilio Rossi","Jorges Luis Borges original holograph manuscript, \"El Dios y Elrey\" (God and the King)titled and signed, in black ink, 3 leaves numbered by Borges with deletions, corrections, and interpolations. The corrections on this manuscript and other manuscripts in the collection demonstrate his work toward a final publication. ","The original holograph manuscript of this story, first published in Buenos Aires newspaper,  La Nacion  in May 1954, and reprinted in  Sur  no. 234 (November-December 1954); later selected by Borges to be reprinted in the anthology Paginas de Jorge Luis Borges seleccionada por su autor. (1982). [No other manuscript known.]","\"S.S.\" published in 1960 in \"El hacedor\" under the title \"Susana Soca.\" With the poem is a letter from Borges, 1959 January, Buenos Aires, in the hand of Arevedo de Borges, to the mother of Susana Soca, expressing his sympathy on her daughter's death.","Portion of an undated manuscript entitled \"Manual de Zoologia Fantastica\" with a later inscription by Borges dated September 3, 1963.","Unpublished manuscript in English.","Subtitled: \"(imaginada con ninguna  imaginación por J.L. Borges).\"  Text differs from published version in Cuaderno San Martín.","The collection consists of five letters of Borges, some of which appear to be to his friend the writer Carlos Mastronardi.  They contain detailed references to his third book of poems \"Cuaderno San Martín.\"  An unpublished poem \"Carta Deshilvanada\" is included in one of the letters.","Borges, Buenos Aires, Argentina, to Evar Méndez, September 1925, together with envelope and a note by Borges on his calling card.","Two postcards to Sopena with scenes in Mar del Plata. Borges refers to several of his writings and mentions authors Alejandro Xul Solar, Maunel Peyrou, Amado Alonso, and Pedro Henríquez Ureña.","The note, written in English by Borges's mother and signed by him, thanks Manfred for his comments on \"Labyrinth.\"","The letter is in the hand of Borges's mother and thanks Cohen for a letter in praise of him, comments that his failing sight has slowed his work, and wishes Cohen well.","Autographed letters signed,  Jorge Luis Borges to Macedonio Fernández. One letter, written on a sheet of stationery from the Hotel Bayard, Paris, contains a sketch of a woman playing a guitar.","Letter, n.d., Jorge Luis Borges to Adolfo Bioy Casares re opinions of other writers and the theory of writing, enclosed in a hand bordered mat with textile flowering.","Two postcards and 1 note to Alfonso Reyes, Mar del Plata, 1941, with similar  contents. All three are mounted on a single decorative sheet.","Includes video","The postcard is inscribed \"a Haydee Martinez, con total amistad - Jorge Luis Borges 1931.\""],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["Spanish; Castilian English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":53,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:52:50.902Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1215"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_436","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Julian A. Burruss Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_436#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Burruss, Julian Ashby, 1876-1947","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_436#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection contains papers and correspondences, reports and speeches by President Julian Ashby Burruss, first president of the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, and documents related to the founding of the school.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_436#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_436","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_436","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_436","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_436","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_436.xml","title_ssm":["Julian A. Burruss Papers"],"title_tesim":["Julian A. Burruss Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1904-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1904-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UA 0023","/repositories/4/resources/436"],"text":["UA 0023","/repositories/4/resources/436","Julian A. Burruss Papers","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Education, Higher -- Virginia -- History","Teachers colleges -- History","College presidents -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Universities and colleges -- Virginia -- Administration","Manuscripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Letters (correspondence)","Speeches (Documents)","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Documents are arranged topically. Papers that are noted as originating from R.C. Dingledine and Dr. John Wayland are contained in folders of the same title.","Dingledine, Raymond C. Dingledine, Jr.  Madison College: the First Fifty Years, 1908-1958 ,        Harrisonburg, VA : Madison College. 1959.","\"President Burruss Papers,\" Founding Documents in Special Collections, James Madison University. Accessed January 8, 2018.         http://www.lib.jmu.edu/special/FoundingDocs/burruss/default.aspx.","Julian Burruss was the first president of the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, serving from 1908 to 1919. During his tenure, Burruss maintained a busy speaking schedule promoting the new school, actively recruited faculty and students, expanded administrative staff, oversaw the establishment of the Student Government Association, YWCA and other clubs and societies, and established special funds and scholarships available to eligible students. He oversaw many building projects, and created a long-range development plan for the school and grounds that would contain approximately 40 buildings and support a maximum enrollment of 1000 students. ","During Burruss' tenure, the Normal School went from an enrollment of 11 women in 1909, to a graduating class of over 300 students in 1919. During his presidency, the Normal school transitioned from offering four years of high school and two years of post-high school professional programs and teaching certificates, to offering a four-year Bachelor Science degree in Education, in addition to other programs. Burruss was a strong advocate for industrial and vocational training, and established Harrisonburg Normal School as leader in manual arts, household arts and rural arts. ","Burruss was born in Richmond, Virginia in 1876. He graduated from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) in 1889 with a degree in civil engineering, and did some graduate work at Columbia University. Prior to his presidency, he served four years as the head of the manual training program in the Richmond city schools. While in Harrisonburg, he was an officer in the Presbyterian church and served two years as president of the Harrisonburg Chamber of Commerce. In 1919, Burruss left the Normal School to become president of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in Blacksburg.","Records of Julian A. Burruss, President, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, RG 2/8, Special Collections, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Va.","The Julian A. Burruss Papers contain documents related to the establishment of the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, including a 1904 report to the Joint Committee of the General Assembly of Virginia on Location of State Normal School titled \"State Female Normal School: Reasons and Inducements for Its Location at Harrisonburg\" by A. H. Snyder and George E Sipe. It also contains a newspaper clipping from the May 26, 1904 Daily News-Record – \"Stating the case for Harrisonburg, Committee on Normal School here to investigate.\" ","Of note in the correspondence file are Burruss' exchanges with and president of the senior class, Alpha Holcolme, regarding regulations proposed by senior class (1913), letters regarding Burruss' decision to accept the position of President at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1919), and correspondence with M'Ledge Moffett, Dean of Women at the State Teachers College in East Radford, Virginia (1939). The file contains photocopies of a 1917 letter from Burruss to George W. Chappelear, then of the Miller School in Virginia, inviting him to a position as a biology instructor and head of buildings and grounds.","The files include several reports and speeches, including the \"Report and Bylaws, Virginia Normal School Board,\" July 1, 1914 - January 1, 1916, and a report titled \"Normal School Organization and Administration: Some Recommendations Relative Thereto with Special Reference to the State Normal School for Women, Harrisonburg , Virginia,\" written in 1918.","The papers include news releases from 1914-1919, most of which were prepared for the  Virginia Journal of Education.","Mentions of the Joan of Arc sculpture are included.","Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The collection contains papers and correspondences, reports and speeches by President Julian Ashby Burruss, first president of the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, and documents related to the founding of the school.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University -- Administration","James Madison University -- History","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Administration","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Administration","Burruss, Julian Ashby, 1876-1947","English"],"unitid_tesim":["UA 0023","/repositories/4/resources/436"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Julian A. Burruss Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Julian A. Burruss Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Julian A. Burruss Papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Burruss, Julian Ashby, 1876-1947"],"creator_ssim":["Burruss, Julian Ashby, 1876-1947"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Burruss, Julian Ashby, 1876-1947"],"creators_ssim":["Burruss, Julian Ashby, 1876-1947"],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Some papers contain a handwritten note in the margins indicating that they were received from R.C. Dingledine in 1984."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Education, Higher -- Virginia -- History","Teachers colleges -- History","College presidents -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Universities and colleges -- Virginia -- Administration","Manuscripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Letters (correspondence)","Speeches (Documents)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Education, Higher -- Virginia -- History","Teachers colleges -- History","College presidents -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Universities and colleges -- Virginia -- Administration","Manuscripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Letters (correspondence)","Speeches (Documents)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.4 cubic feet 8 folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.4 cubic feet 8 folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Manuscripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Letters (correspondence)","Speeches (Documents)"],"date_range_isim":[1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDocuments are arranged topically. Papers that are noted as originating from R.C. Dingledine and Dr. John Wayland are contained in folders of the same title.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Documents are arranged topically. Papers that are noted as originating from R.C. Dingledine and Dr. John Wayland are contained in folders of the same title."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eDingledine, Raymond C. Dingledine, Jr. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eMadison College: the First Fifty Years, 1908-1958\u003c/emph\u003e,        Harrisonburg, VA : Madison College. 1959.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"President Burruss Papers,\" Founding Documents in Special Collections, James Madison University. Accessed January 8, 2018.         http://www.lib.jmu.edu/special/FoundingDocs/burruss/default.aspx.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Dingledine, Raymond C. Dingledine, Jr.  Madison College: the First Fifty Years, 1908-1958 ,        Harrisonburg, VA : Madison College. 1959.","\"President Burruss Papers,\" Founding Documents in Special Collections, James Madison University. Accessed January 8, 2018.         http://www.lib.jmu.edu/special/FoundingDocs/burruss/default.aspx."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJulian Burruss was the first president of the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, serving from 1908 to 1919. During his tenure, Burruss maintained a busy speaking schedule promoting the new school, actively recruited faculty and students, expanded administrative staff, oversaw the establishment of the Student Government Association, YWCA and other clubs and societies, and established special funds and scholarships available to eligible students. He oversaw many building projects, and created a long-range development plan for the school and grounds that would contain approximately 40 buildings and support a maximum enrollment of 1000 students. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring Burruss' tenure, the Normal School went from an enrollment of 11 women in 1909, to a graduating class of over 300 students in 1919. During his presidency, the Normal school transitioned from offering four years of high school and two years of post-high school professional programs and teaching certificates, to offering a four-year Bachelor Science degree in Education, in addition to other programs. Burruss was a strong advocate for industrial and vocational training, and established Harrisonburg Normal School as leader in manual arts, household arts and rural arts. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBurruss was born in Richmond, Virginia in 1876. He graduated from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) in 1889 with a degree in civil engineering, and did some graduate work at Columbia University. Prior to his presidency, he served four years as the head of the manual training program in the Richmond city schools. While in Harrisonburg, he was an officer in the Presbyterian church and served two years as president of the Harrisonburg Chamber of Commerce. In 1919, Burruss left the Normal School to become president of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in Blacksburg.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Julian Burruss was the first president of the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, serving from 1908 to 1919. During his tenure, Burruss maintained a busy speaking schedule promoting the new school, actively recruited faculty and students, expanded administrative staff, oversaw the establishment of the Student Government Association, YWCA and other clubs and societies, and established special funds and scholarships available to eligible students. He oversaw many building projects, and created a long-range development plan for the school and grounds that would contain approximately 40 buildings and support a maximum enrollment of 1000 students. ","During Burruss' tenure, the Normal School went from an enrollment of 11 women in 1909, to a graduating class of over 300 students in 1919. During his presidency, the Normal school transitioned from offering four years of high school and two years of post-high school professional programs and teaching certificates, to offering a four-year Bachelor Science degree in Education, in addition to other programs. Burruss was a strong advocate for industrial and vocational training, and established Harrisonburg Normal School as leader in manual arts, household arts and rural arts. ","Burruss was born in Richmond, Virginia in 1876. He graduated from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) in 1889 with a degree in civil engineering, and did some graduate work at Columbia University. Prior to his presidency, he served four years as the head of the manual training program in the Richmond city schools. While in Harrisonburg, he was an officer in the Presbyterian church and served two years as president of the Harrisonburg Chamber of Commerce. In 1919, Burruss left the Normal School to become president of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in Blacksburg."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Julian Ashby Burruss Papers, 1904-2005, UA 0023, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Julian Ashby Burruss Papers, 1904-2005, UA 0023, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of Julian A. Burruss, President, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, RG 2/8, Special Collections, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Records of Julian A. Burruss, President, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, RG 2/8, Special Collections, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Julian A. Burruss Papers contain documents related to the establishment of the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, including a 1904 report to the Joint Committee of the General Assembly of Virginia on Location of State Normal School titled \"State Female Normal School: Reasons and Inducements for Its Location at Harrisonburg\" by A. H. Snyder and George E Sipe. It also contains a newspaper clipping from the May 26, 1904 Daily News-Record – \"Stating the case for Harrisonburg, Committee on Normal School here to investigate.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf note in the correspondence file are Burruss' exchanges with and president of the senior class, Alpha Holcolme, regarding regulations proposed by senior class (1913), letters regarding Burruss' decision to accept the position of President at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1919), and correspondence with M'Ledge Moffett, Dean of Women at the State Teachers College in East Radford, Virginia (1939). The file contains photocopies of a 1917 letter from Burruss to George W. Chappelear, then of the Miller School in Virginia, inviting him to a position as a biology instructor and head of buildings and grounds.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe files include several reports and speeches, including the \"Report and Bylaws, Virginia Normal School Board,\" July 1, 1914 - January 1, 1916, and a report titled \"Normal School Organization and Administration: Some Recommendations Relative Thereto with Special Reference to the State Normal School for Women, Harrisonburg , Virginia,\" written in 1918.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe papers include news releases from 1914-1919, most of which were prepared for the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia Journal of Education.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMentions of the Joan of Arc sculpture are included.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Julian A. Burruss Papers contain documents related to the establishment of the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, including a 1904 report to the Joint Committee of the General Assembly of Virginia on Location of State Normal School titled \"State Female Normal School: Reasons and Inducements for Its Location at Harrisonburg\" by A. H. Snyder and George E Sipe. It also contains a newspaper clipping from the May 26, 1904 Daily News-Record – \"Stating the case for Harrisonburg, Committee on Normal School here to investigate.\" ","Of note in the correspondence file are Burruss' exchanges with and president of the senior class, Alpha Holcolme, regarding regulations proposed by senior class (1913), letters regarding Burruss' decision to accept the position of President at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1919), and correspondence with M'Ledge Moffett, Dean of Women at the State Teachers College in East Radford, Virginia (1939). The file contains photocopies of a 1917 letter from Burruss to George W. Chappelear, then of the Miller School in Virginia, inviting him to a position as a biology instructor and head of buildings and grounds.","The files include several reports and speeches, including the \"Report and Bylaws, Virginia Normal School Board,\" July 1, 1914 - January 1, 1916, and a report titled \"Normal School Organization and Administration: Some Recommendations Relative Thereto with Special Reference to the State Normal School for Women, Harrisonburg , Virginia,\" written in 1918.","The papers include news releases from 1914-1919, most of which were prepared for the  Virginia Journal of Education.","Mentions of the Joan of Arc sculpture are included."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b8de0c07efcb24a381bcb54738e586df\"\u003eThe collection contains papers and correspondences, reports and speeches by President Julian Ashby Burruss, first president of the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, and documents related to the founding of the school.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains papers and correspondences, reports and speeches by President Julian Ashby Burruss, first president of the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, and documents related to the founding of the school."],"names_coll_ssim":["James Madison University -- Administration","James Madison University -- History","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Administration","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Administration"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University -- Administration","James Madison University -- History","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Administration","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Administration","Burruss, Julian Ashby, 1876-1947"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University -- Administration","James Madison University -- History","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Administration","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Administration"],"persname_ssim":["Burruss, Julian Ashby, 1876-1947"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":8,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:17:59.176Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_436","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_436","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_436","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_436","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_436.xml","title_ssm":["Julian A. Burruss Papers"],"title_tesim":["Julian A. Burruss Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1904-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1904-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UA 0023","/repositories/4/resources/436"],"text":["UA 0023","/repositories/4/resources/436","Julian A. Burruss Papers","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Education, Higher -- Virginia -- History","Teachers colleges -- History","College presidents -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Universities and colleges -- Virginia -- Administration","Manuscripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Letters (correspondence)","Speeches (Documents)","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Documents are arranged topically. Papers that are noted as originating from R.C. Dingledine and Dr. John Wayland are contained in folders of the same title.","Dingledine, Raymond C. Dingledine, Jr.  Madison College: the First Fifty Years, 1908-1958 ,        Harrisonburg, VA : Madison College. 1959.","\"President Burruss Papers,\" Founding Documents in Special Collections, James Madison University. Accessed January 8, 2018.         http://www.lib.jmu.edu/special/FoundingDocs/burruss/default.aspx.","Julian Burruss was the first president of the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, serving from 1908 to 1919. During his tenure, Burruss maintained a busy speaking schedule promoting the new school, actively recruited faculty and students, expanded administrative staff, oversaw the establishment of the Student Government Association, YWCA and other clubs and societies, and established special funds and scholarships available to eligible students. He oversaw many building projects, and created a long-range development plan for the school and grounds that would contain approximately 40 buildings and support a maximum enrollment of 1000 students. ","During Burruss' tenure, the Normal School went from an enrollment of 11 women in 1909, to a graduating class of over 300 students in 1919. During his presidency, the Normal school transitioned from offering four years of high school and two years of post-high school professional programs and teaching certificates, to offering a four-year Bachelor Science degree in Education, in addition to other programs. Burruss was a strong advocate for industrial and vocational training, and established Harrisonburg Normal School as leader in manual arts, household arts and rural arts. ","Burruss was born in Richmond, Virginia in 1876. He graduated from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) in 1889 with a degree in civil engineering, and did some graduate work at Columbia University. Prior to his presidency, he served four years as the head of the manual training program in the Richmond city schools. While in Harrisonburg, he was an officer in the Presbyterian church and served two years as president of the Harrisonburg Chamber of Commerce. In 1919, Burruss left the Normal School to become president of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in Blacksburg.","Records of Julian A. Burruss, President, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, RG 2/8, Special Collections, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Va.","The Julian A. Burruss Papers contain documents related to the establishment of the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, including a 1904 report to the Joint Committee of the General Assembly of Virginia on Location of State Normal School titled \"State Female Normal School: Reasons and Inducements for Its Location at Harrisonburg\" by A. H. Snyder and George E Sipe. It also contains a newspaper clipping from the May 26, 1904 Daily News-Record – \"Stating the case for Harrisonburg, Committee on Normal School here to investigate.\" ","Of note in the correspondence file are Burruss' exchanges with and president of the senior class, Alpha Holcolme, regarding regulations proposed by senior class (1913), letters regarding Burruss' decision to accept the position of President at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1919), and correspondence with M'Ledge Moffett, Dean of Women at the State Teachers College in East Radford, Virginia (1939). The file contains photocopies of a 1917 letter from Burruss to George W. Chappelear, then of the Miller School in Virginia, inviting him to a position as a biology instructor and head of buildings and grounds.","The files include several reports and speeches, including the \"Report and Bylaws, Virginia Normal School Board,\" July 1, 1914 - January 1, 1916, and a report titled \"Normal School Organization and Administration: Some Recommendations Relative Thereto with Special Reference to the State Normal School for Women, Harrisonburg , Virginia,\" written in 1918.","The papers include news releases from 1914-1919, most of which were prepared for the  Virginia Journal of Education.","Mentions of the Joan of Arc sculpture are included.","Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The collection contains papers and correspondences, reports and speeches by President Julian Ashby Burruss, first president of the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, and documents related to the founding of the school.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University -- Administration","James Madison University -- History","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Administration","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Administration","Burruss, Julian Ashby, 1876-1947","English"],"unitid_tesim":["UA 0023","/repositories/4/resources/436"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Julian A. 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Accessed January 8, 2018.         http://www.lib.jmu.edu/special/FoundingDocs/burruss/default.aspx."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJulian Burruss was the first president of the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, serving from 1908 to 1919. During his tenure, Burruss maintained a busy speaking schedule promoting the new school, actively recruited faculty and students, expanded administrative staff, oversaw the establishment of the Student Government Association, YWCA and other clubs and societies, and established special funds and scholarships available to eligible students. He oversaw many building projects, and created a long-range development plan for the school and grounds that would contain approximately 40 buildings and support a maximum enrollment of 1000 students. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring Burruss' tenure, the Normal School went from an enrollment of 11 women in 1909, to a graduating class of over 300 students in 1919. During his presidency, the Normal school transitioned from offering four years of high school and two years of post-high school professional programs and teaching certificates, to offering a four-year Bachelor Science degree in Education, in addition to other programs. Burruss was a strong advocate for industrial and vocational training, and established Harrisonburg Normal School as leader in manual arts, household arts and rural arts. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBurruss was born in Richmond, Virginia in 1876. He graduated from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) in 1889 with a degree in civil engineering, and did some graduate work at Columbia University. Prior to his presidency, he served four years as the head of the manual training program in the Richmond city schools. While in Harrisonburg, he was an officer in the Presbyterian church and served two years as president of the Harrisonburg Chamber of Commerce. In 1919, Burruss left the Normal School to become president of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in Blacksburg.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Julian Burruss was the first president of the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, serving from 1908 to 1919. During his tenure, Burruss maintained a busy speaking schedule promoting the new school, actively recruited faculty and students, expanded administrative staff, oversaw the establishment of the Student Government Association, YWCA and other clubs and societies, and established special funds and scholarships available to eligible students. He oversaw many building projects, and created a long-range development plan for the school and grounds that would contain approximately 40 buildings and support a maximum enrollment of 1000 students. ","During Burruss' tenure, the Normal School went from an enrollment of 11 women in 1909, to a graduating class of over 300 students in 1919. During his presidency, the Normal school transitioned from offering four years of high school and two years of post-high school professional programs and teaching certificates, to offering a four-year Bachelor Science degree in Education, in addition to other programs. Burruss was a strong advocate for industrial and vocational training, and established Harrisonburg Normal School as leader in manual arts, household arts and rural arts. ","Burruss was born in Richmond, Virginia in 1876. He graduated from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) in 1889 with a degree in civil engineering, and did some graduate work at Columbia University. Prior to his presidency, he served four years as the head of the manual training program in the Richmond city schools. While in Harrisonburg, he was an officer in the Presbyterian church and served two years as president of the Harrisonburg Chamber of Commerce. In 1919, Burruss left the Normal School to become president of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in Blacksburg."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Julian Ashby Burruss Papers, 1904-2005, UA 0023, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Julian Ashby Burruss Papers, 1904-2005, UA 0023, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of Julian A. Burruss, President, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, RG 2/8, Special Collections, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Records of Julian A. Burruss, President, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, RG 2/8, Special Collections, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Julian A. Burruss Papers contain documents related to the establishment of the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, including a 1904 report to the Joint Committee of the General Assembly of Virginia on Location of State Normal School titled \"State Female Normal School: Reasons and Inducements for Its Location at Harrisonburg\" by A. H. Snyder and George E Sipe. It also contains a newspaper clipping from the May 26, 1904 Daily News-Record – \"Stating the case for Harrisonburg, Committee on Normal School here to investigate.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf note in the correspondence file are Burruss' exchanges with and president of the senior class, Alpha Holcolme, regarding regulations proposed by senior class (1913), letters regarding Burruss' decision to accept the position of President at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1919), and correspondence with M'Ledge Moffett, Dean of Women at the State Teachers College in East Radford, Virginia (1939). The file contains photocopies of a 1917 letter from Burruss to George W. Chappelear, then of the Miller School in Virginia, inviting him to a position as a biology instructor and head of buildings and grounds.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe files include several reports and speeches, including the \"Report and Bylaws, Virginia Normal School Board,\" July 1, 1914 - January 1, 1916, and a report titled \"Normal School Organization and Administration: Some Recommendations Relative Thereto with Special Reference to the State Normal School for Women, Harrisonburg , Virginia,\" written in 1918.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe papers include news releases from 1914-1919, most of which were prepared for the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia Journal of Education.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMentions of the Joan of Arc sculpture are included.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Julian A. Burruss Papers contain documents related to the establishment of the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, including a 1904 report to the Joint Committee of the General Assembly of Virginia on Location of State Normal School titled \"State Female Normal School: Reasons and Inducements for Its Location at Harrisonburg\" by A. H. Snyder and George E Sipe. It also contains a newspaper clipping from the May 26, 1904 Daily News-Record – \"Stating the case for Harrisonburg, Committee on Normal School here to investigate.\" ","Of note in the correspondence file are Burruss' exchanges with and president of the senior class, Alpha Holcolme, regarding regulations proposed by senior class (1913), letters regarding Burruss' decision to accept the position of President at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1919), and correspondence with M'Ledge Moffett, Dean of Women at the State Teachers College in East Radford, Virginia (1939). The file contains photocopies of a 1917 letter from Burruss to George W. Chappelear, then of the Miller School in Virginia, inviting him to a position as a biology instructor and head of buildings and grounds.","The files include several reports and speeches, including the \"Report and Bylaws, Virginia Normal School Board,\" July 1, 1914 - January 1, 1916, and a report titled \"Normal School Organization and Administration: Some Recommendations Relative Thereto with Special Reference to the State Normal School for Women, Harrisonburg , Virginia,\" written in 1918.","The papers include news releases from 1914-1919, most of which were prepared for the  Virginia Journal of Education.","Mentions of the Joan of Arc sculpture are included."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b8de0c07efcb24a381bcb54738e586df\"\u003eThe collection contains papers and correspondences, reports and speeches by President Julian Ashby Burruss, first president of the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, and documents related to the founding of the school.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains papers and correspondences, reports and speeches by President Julian Ashby Burruss, first president of the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, and documents related to the founding of the school."],"names_coll_ssim":["James Madison University -- Administration","James Madison University -- History","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Administration","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Administration"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University -- Administration","James Madison University -- History","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Administration","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Administration","Burruss, Julian Ashby, 1876-1947"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University -- Administration","James Madison University -- History","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Administration","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- History","State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Administration"],"persname_ssim":["Burruss, Julian Ashby, 1876-1947"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":8,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:17:59.176Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_436"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_644#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Toliver, Ruth M.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_644#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_644#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_644.xml","title_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1875-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1875-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644"],"text":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644","Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers","Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)","African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","George Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.","Newman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at  https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/ .","The manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request.","The collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.","George Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed.","Toliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.","Toliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.","Obituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005.","Ruth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of   History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906  (1998) and  Keeping Up With Yesterday  (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.","Born February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. ","George A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.","Ruby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.","Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).","Wendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026M University and Wilberforce University.","George A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.","Beyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate.","A portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members.","George Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","Original description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).","Loose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.","Materials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.","Allison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026 Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order.","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.","The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","According to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" ","The manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary:  \"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"","The manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","While the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026 D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026 D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.","George Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.","Twelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.","Six minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. ","Other materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. ","Four hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. ","Materials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.","Materials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.","Among the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.","Pictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.","Pictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.","Included are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.","Ruth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta","Jessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver","Included are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.","Marguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins","Demetrius, Fred Jr., George","Included are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.","Included are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.","Pictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.","Included are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.","Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.","Indentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.","Included are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.","Included are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.","Included are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.","Queen for Eastern Star Organization.","Professional athlete.","Ph.D., University of Iowa.","Ordained United Methodist minister.","Professional athlete.","Lowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.","Transcript included.","Includes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.","The Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].","\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"","Includes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon.","One copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creator_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creators_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"places_ssim":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated to Special Collections by Ruth and Lowell Toliver in February 2021. Ruth Toliver is George A. Newman's granddaughter. The Tolivers made additional donations in September 2021, October 2021, and January 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.8 cubic feet in 3 boxes and 12 tri-folds"],"extent_tesim":["3.8 cubic feet in 3 boxes and 12 tri-folds"],"genreform_ssim":["Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"date_range_isim":[1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNewman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at \u003cextref href=\"https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/\" show=\"new\"\u003ehttps://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available","Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["George Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.","Newman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at  https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/ .","The manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.","George Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eToliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eToliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Toliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.","Toliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.","Obituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRuth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906\u003c/emph\u003e (1998) and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eKeeping Up With Yesterday\u003c/emph\u003e (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBorn February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRuby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAustin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026amp;M University and Wilberforce University.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBeyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ruth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of   History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906  (1998) and  Keeping Up With Yesterday  (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.","Born February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. ","George A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.","Ruby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.","Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).","Wendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026M University and Wilberforce University.","George A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.","Beyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["A portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, SC 0313, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, SC 0313, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLoose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAllison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026amp; Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["George Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","Original description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).","Loose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.","Materials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.","Allison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026 Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary: \u003cblockquote\u003e\"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"\u003c/blockquote\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026amp; D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026amp; D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTwelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSix minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFour hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRuth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDemetrius, Fred Jr., George\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eQueen for Eastern Star Organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessional athlete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePh.D., University of Iowa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrdained United Methodist minister.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessional athlete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscript included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","According to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" ","The manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary:  \"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"","The manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","While the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026 D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026 D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.","George Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.","Twelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.","Six minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. ","Other materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. ","Four hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. ","Materials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.","Materials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.","Among the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.","Pictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.","Pictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.","Included are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.","Ruth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta","Jessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver","Included are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.","Marguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins","Demetrius, Fred Jr., George","Included are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.","Included are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.","Pictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.","Included are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.","Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.","Indentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.","Included are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.","Included are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.","Included are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.","Queen for Eastern Star Organization.","Professional athlete.","Ph.D., University of Iowa.","Ordained United Methodist minister.","Professional athlete.","Lowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.","Transcript included.","Includes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.","The Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].","\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"","Includes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["One copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4bcb0d86958b487646d5b5f8bec1dc4e\"\u003eThe Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown."],"names_coll_ssim":["Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":192,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:06.237Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_644.xml","title_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1875-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1875-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644"],"text":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644","Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers","Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)","African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","George Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.","Newman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at  https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/ .","The manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request.","The collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.","George Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed.","Toliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.","Toliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.","Obituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005.","Ruth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of   History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906  (1998) and  Keeping Up With Yesterday  (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.","Born February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. ","George A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.","Ruby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.","Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).","Wendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026M University and Wilberforce University.","George A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.","Beyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate.","A portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members.","George Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","Original description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).","Loose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.","Materials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.","Allison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026 Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order.","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.","The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","According to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" ","The manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary:  \"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"","The manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","While the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026 D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026 D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.","George Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.","Twelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.","Six minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. ","Other materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. ","Four hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. ","Materials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.","Materials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.","Among the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.","Pictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.","Pictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.","Included are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.","Ruth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta","Jessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver","Included are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.","Marguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins","Demetrius, Fred Jr., George","Included are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.","Included are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.","Pictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.","Included are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.","Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.","Indentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.","Included are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.","Included are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.","Included are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.","Queen for Eastern Star Organization.","Professional athlete.","Ph.D., University of Iowa.","Ordained United Methodist minister.","Professional athlete.","Lowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.","Transcript included.","Includes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.","The Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].","\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"","Includes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon.","One copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creator_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creators_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"places_ssim":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated to Special Collections by Ruth and Lowell Toliver in February 2021. Ruth Toliver is George A. Newman's granddaughter. The Tolivers made additional donations in September 2021, October 2021, and January 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.8 cubic feet in 3 boxes and 12 tri-folds"],"extent_tesim":["3.8 cubic feet in 3 boxes and 12 tri-folds"],"genreform_ssim":["Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"date_range_isim":[1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNewman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at \u003cextref href=\"https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/\" show=\"new\"\u003ehttps://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available","Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["George Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.","Newman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at  https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/ .","The manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.","George Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eToliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eToliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Toliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.","Toliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.","Obituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRuth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906\u003c/emph\u003e (1998) and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eKeeping Up With Yesterday\u003c/emph\u003e (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBorn February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRuby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAustin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026amp;M University and Wilberforce University.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBeyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ruth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of   History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906  (1998) and  Keeping Up With Yesterday  (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.","Born February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. ","George A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.","Ruby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.","Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).","Wendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026M University and Wilberforce University.","George A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.","Beyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["A portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, SC 0313, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, SC 0313, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLoose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAllison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026amp; Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["George Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","Original description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).","Loose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.","Materials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.","Allison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026 Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary: \u003cblockquote\u003e\"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"\u003c/blockquote\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026amp; D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026amp; D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTwelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSix minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFour hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRuth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDemetrius, Fred Jr., George\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eQueen for Eastern Star Organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessional athlete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePh.D., University of Iowa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrdained United Methodist minister.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessional athlete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscript included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","According to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" ","The manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary:  \"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"","The manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","While the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026 D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026 D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.","George Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.","Twelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.","Six minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. ","Other materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. ","Four hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. ","Materials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.","Materials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.","Among the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.","Pictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.","Pictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.","Included are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.","Ruth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta","Jessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver","Included are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.","Marguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins","Demetrius, Fred Jr., George","Included are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.","Included are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.","Pictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.","Included are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.","Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.","Indentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.","Included are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.","Included are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.","Included are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.","Queen for Eastern Star Organization.","Professional athlete.","Ph.D., University of Iowa.","Ordained United Methodist minister.","Professional athlete.","Lowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.","Transcript included.","Includes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.","The Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].","\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"","Includes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["One copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4bcb0d86958b487646d5b5f8bec1dc4e\"\u003eThe Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown."],"names_coll_ssim":["Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":192,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:06.237Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_644"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University","value":"James Madison University","hits":5},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Manuscripts+%28documents%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1929\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","value":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Manuscripts+%28documents%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1929\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Manuscripts+%28documents%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1929"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Daisy Bacon Papers","value":"Daisy Bacon Papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Manuscripts+%28documents%29\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Daisy+Bacon+Papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1929"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Edna St. Vincent Millay papers","value":"Edna St. Vincent Millay papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Manuscripts+%28documents%29\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Edna+St.+Vincent+Millay+papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1929"}},{"attributes":{"label":"George M. 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