{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Local%2FRegional+History+and+Appalachian+South\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1896\u0026page=17","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Local%2FRegional+History+and+Appalachian+South\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1896\u0026page=16","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Local%2FRegional+History+and+Appalachian+South\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1896\u0026page=18","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Local%2FRegional+History+and+Appalachian+South\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1896\u0026page=19"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":17,"next_page":18,"prev_page":16,"total_pages":19,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":160,"total_count":184,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2788","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Virginia Newspaper Collection","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2788#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection contains individual or groups of issues of Virginia newspapers, organized by location and dating from the 1860s-1970s.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2788#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2788","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2788","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2788","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2788","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2788.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Virginia Newspaper Collection","title_ssm":["Virginia Newspaper Collection"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Newspaper Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2012.034"],"text":["Ms.2012.034","Virginia Newspaper Collection","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Virginia -- History","Collection is open for research.","The physical collection is arranged alphabetically by city or town. 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Newspapers represent cities and towns throughout the Commonwealth and date from the start of the Civil War up through the 1970s."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from newspapers in the collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from newspapers in the collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5ff7434a8e9e52178b4126248d2f423b\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains individual or groups of issues of Virginia newspapers, organized by location and dating from the 1860s-1970s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains individual or groups of issues of Virginia newspapers, organized by location and dating from the 1860s-1970s."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":1298,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:12:26.189Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2788","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2788","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2788","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2788","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2788.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Virginia Newspaper Collection","title_ssm":["Virginia Newspaper Collection"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Newspaper Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2012.034"],"text":["Ms.2012.034","Virginia Newspaper Collection","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Virginia -- History","Collection is open for research.","The physical collection is arranged alphabetically by city or town. The contents list below is organized by city or town and contains a list of paper titles in each box. The city or town of origination is included with the title. Under each title is a list of holdings. The general format is \"date, volume, issue number.\" Some titles may only list dates or dates and volumes.","A spreadsheet with information about specific holdings (titles, dates, volume and issue numbers, cities/towns of publication, and, when available, cost and editors) can be   downloaded online . The spreadsheets allows for easy sorting by any category.","Please note: All but one of the 1861 and 1862 issues (materials in Box 16) are reprints, not originals.","An inventory of the newspapers was created during the summer of 2011. Description of the collection was completed in July 2012. Additional newspapers added in June 2017.","This collection consists of individual issues of Virginia newspapers. In some cases, this is a single issue; in other cases, there may be multiple issues. 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"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2012.034"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Newspaper Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Newspaper Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Newspaper Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from newspapers in the collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The newspapers in this collection have been donated to Special Collections over time. 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The contents list below is organized by city or town and contains a list of paper titles in each box. The city or town of origination is included with the title. Under each title is a list of holdings. The general format is \"date, volume, issue number.\" Some titles may only list dates or dates and volumes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA spreadsheet with information about specific holdings (titles, dates, volume and issue numbers, cities/towns of publication, and, when available, cost and editors) can be \u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/items/show/9454\" show=\"new\"\u003e downloaded online\u003c/extref\u003e. The spreadsheets allows for easy sorting by any category.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The physical collection is arranged alphabetically by city or town. The contents list below is organized by city or town and contains a list of paper titles in each box. 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The spreadsheets allows for easy sorting by any category."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePlease note: All but one of the 1861 and 1862 issues (materials in Box 16) are reprints, not originals.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Note"],"odd_tesim":["Please note: All but one of the 1861 and 1862 issues (materials in Box 16) are reprints, not originals."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA spreadsheet with information about specific holdings (titles, dates, volume and issue numbers, cities/towns of publication, and, when available, cost and editors) can be \u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/items/show/9454\" show=\"new\"\u003e downloaded online\u003c/extref\u003e. The spreadsheets allows for easy sorting by any category.\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aids"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["A spreadsheet with information about specific holdings (titles, dates, volume and issue numbers, cities/towns of publication, and, when available, cost and editors) can be   downloaded online . 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Newspapers represent cities and towns throughout the Commonwealth and date from the start of the Civil War up through the 1970s."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from newspapers in the collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from newspapers in the collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5ff7434a8e9e52178b4126248d2f423b\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains individual or groups of issues of Virginia newspapers, organized by location and dating from the 1860s-1970s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains individual or groups of issues of Virginia newspapers, organized by location and dating from the 1860s-1970s."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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Entries date from October 1896 through March 1900.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2715#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2715","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2715","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2715","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2715","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2715.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Virginia Public School Register for Blacksburg White School No. 14","title_ssm":["Virginia Public School Register for Blacksburg White School No. 14"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Public School Register for Blacksburg White School No. 14"],"unitdate_ssm":["1896-1900"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1896-1900"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2011.076"],"text":["Ms.2011.076","Virginia Public School Register for Blacksburg White School No. 14","Blacksburg (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by material type.","The guide to the Virginia Public School Register for Blacksburg White School No. 14 by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Public School Register for Blacksburg White School No. 14 was completed in September 2011.","The Virginia Public School Register contains the names, ages, and attendance records of students attending Blacksburg White School No. 14.  Entries date from October 1896 through March 1900.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Virginia Public School Register contains the names, ages, and attendance records of students attending Blacksburg White School No. 14.  Entries date from October 1896 through March 1900.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2011.076"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Public School Register for Blacksburg White School No. 14"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Public School Register for Blacksburg White School No. 14"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Public School Register for Blacksburg White School No. 14"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1896,1897,1898,1899,1900],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by material type."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Virginia Public School Register for Blacksburg White School No. 14 by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Virginia Public School Register for Blacksburg White School No. 14 by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Public School Register for Blacksburg White School No. 14, Ms2011-076, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Public School Register for Blacksburg White School No. 14, Ms2011-076, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Public School Register for Blacksburg White School No. 14 was completed in September 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Public School Register for Blacksburg White School No. 14 was completed in September 2011."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Public School Register contains the names, ages, and attendance records of students attending Blacksburg White School No. 14.  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Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1f579e0016e9039626ac07c445838ddd\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Virginia Public School Register contains the names, ages, and attendance records of students attending Blacksburg White School No. 14.  Entries date from October 1896 through March 1900.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Virginia Public School Register contains the names, ages, and attendance records of students attending Blacksburg White School No. 14.  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","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1896,1897,1898,1899,1900],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by material type."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Virginia Public School Register for Blacksburg White School No. 14 by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Virginia Public School Register for Blacksburg White School No. 14 by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Public School Register for Blacksburg White School No. 14, Ms2011-076, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Public School Register for Blacksburg White School No. 14, Ms2011-076, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Public School Register for Blacksburg White School No. 14 was completed in September 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Public School Register for Blacksburg White School No. 14 was completed in September 2011."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Public School Register contains the names, ages, and attendance records of students attending Blacksburg White School No. 14.  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Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1f579e0016e9039626ac07c445838ddd\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Virginia Public School Register contains the names, ages, and attendance records of students attending Blacksburg White School No. 14.  Entries date from October 1896 through March 1900.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Virginia Public School Register contains the names, ages, and attendance records of students attending Blacksburg White School No. 14.  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Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . 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At its initial meeting (March 22, 1894), the 12 charter members adopted a constitution and bylaws and elected officers, with W. H. Harbaugh serving as the first president. Through its regular meetings, the association provided an avenue for the sharing of knowledge among members. It also pursued legislation that would regulate the practice of veterinary medicine throughout Virginia. An amended constitution, approved by the membership in 1954, changed the organization's name to the Virginia Veterinary Medical Association. The VVMA continues to be active today (2013).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia State Veterinary Medical Association was founded in Richmond on February 6, 1894, \"with a view to the advancement of veterinary medical knowledge throughout the State of Virginia.\" The association was incorporated by the General Assembly two days later. 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The VVMA continues to be active today (2013)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Veterinary Medical Association Records, 1894-1983, Ms1988-032, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Veterinary Medical Association Records, 1894-1983, Ms1988-032, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Veterinary Medical Association Records commenced and was completed in May 2013.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Veterinary Medical Association Records commenced and was completed in May 2013."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the records of the Virginia Veterinary Medical Association. Included are such materials as meeting minutes, programs, and printed materials. The majority of the collection is comprised of a series of records books, presumably maintained by the organization's secretary. In addition to meeting minutes, the books include the organization's articles of incorporation, constitution and bylaws, programs, resolutions, correspondence, and speech texts. The collection also includes the minutes of the board of censors; a history of the association, written by Dr. George C. Faville in 1931; a handbook issued in 1981; and a few issues of the association's publication, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Virginia Veterinarian\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the records of the Virginia Veterinary Medical Association. Included are such materials as meeting minutes, programs, and printed materials. 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Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_296f82ea7b362a6bdfa241c3b41515a7\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection includes records--including meeting minutes, programs, bylaws, and printed materials--of the Virginia Veterinary Medical Association.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection includes records--including meeting minutes, programs, bylaws, and printed materials--of the Virginia Veterinary Medical Association."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Veterinary Medical Association"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Veterinary Medical Association"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":18,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:10:04.664Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1538","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1538","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1538","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1538","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1538.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Virginia Veterinary Medical Association Records","title_ssm":["Virginia Veterinary Medical Association Records"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Veterinary Medical Association Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1894-1983"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1894-1983"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1988.032"],"text":["Ms.1988.032","Virginia Veterinary Medical Association Records","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Science and Technology","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by document type, then chronologically.","The Virginia State Veterinary Medical Association was founded in Richmond on February 6, 1894, \"with a view to the advancement of veterinary medical knowledge throughout the State of Virginia.\" The association was incorporated by the General Assembly two days later. 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The majority of the collection is comprised of a series of records books, presumably maintained by the organization's secretary. In addition to meeting minutes, the books include the organization's articles of incorporation, constitution and bylaws, programs, resolutions, correspondence, and speech texts. The collection also includes the minutes of the board of censors; a history of the association, written by Dr. George C. Faville in 1931; a handbook issued in 1981; and a few issues of the association's publication,  The Virginia Veterinarian .","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection includes records--including meeting minutes, programs, bylaws, and printed materials--of the Virginia Veterinary Medical Association.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Veterinary Medical Association","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1988.032"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Veterinary Medical Association Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Veterinary Medical Association Records"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Veterinary Medical Association Records"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Veterinary Medical Association"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia Veterinary Medical Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Veterinary Medical Association"],"creators_ssim":["Virginia Veterinary Medical Association"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Virginia Veterinary Medical Association Records were donated to Special Collections in 1988."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Science and Technology"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Science and Technology"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.7 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.7 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by document type, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by document type, then chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia State Veterinary Medical Association was founded in Richmond on February 6, 1894, \"with a view to the advancement of veterinary medical knowledge throughout the State of Virginia.\" The association was incorporated by the General Assembly two days later. At its initial meeting (March 22, 1894), the 12 charter members adopted a constitution and bylaws and elected officers, with W. H. Harbaugh serving as the first president. Through its regular meetings, the association provided an avenue for the sharing of knowledge among members. It also pursued legislation that would regulate the practice of veterinary medicine throughout Virginia. An amended constitution, approved by the membership in 1954, changed the organization's name to the Virginia Veterinary Medical Association. The VVMA continues to be active today (2013).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia State Veterinary Medical Association was founded in Richmond on February 6, 1894, \"with a view to the advancement of veterinary medical knowledge throughout the State of Virginia.\" The association was incorporated by the General Assembly two days later. At its initial meeting (March 22, 1894), the 12 charter members adopted a constitution and bylaws and elected officers, with W. H. Harbaugh serving as the first president. Through its regular meetings, the association provided an avenue for the sharing of knowledge among members. It also pursued legislation that would regulate the practice of veterinary medicine throughout Virginia. An amended constitution, approved by the membership in 1954, changed the organization's name to the Virginia Veterinary Medical Association. The VVMA continues to be active today (2013)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Veterinary Medical Association Records, 1894-1983, Ms1988-032, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Veterinary Medical Association Records, 1894-1983, Ms1988-032, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Veterinary Medical Association Records commenced and was completed in May 2013.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Veterinary Medical Association Records commenced and was completed in May 2013."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the records of the Virginia Veterinary Medical Association. Included are such materials as meeting minutes, programs, and printed materials. The majority of the collection is comprised of a series of records books, presumably maintained by the organization's secretary. In addition to meeting minutes, the books include the organization's articles of incorporation, constitution and bylaws, programs, resolutions, correspondence, and speech texts. The collection also includes the minutes of the board of censors; a history of the association, written by Dr. George C. Faville in 1931; a handbook issued in 1981; and a few issues of the association's publication, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Virginia Veterinarian\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the records of the Virginia Veterinary Medical Association. Included are such materials as meeting minutes, programs, and printed materials. The majority of the collection is comprised of a series of records books, presumably maintained by the organization's secretary. In addition to meeting minutes, the books include the organization's articles of incorporation, constitution and bylaws, programs, resolutions, correspondence, and speech texts. The collection also includes the minutes of the board of censors; a history of the association, written by Dr. George C. Faville in 1931; a handbook issued in 1981; and a few issues of the association's publication,  The Virginia Veterinarian ."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_296f82ea7b362a6bdfa241c3b41515a7\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection includes records--including meeting minutes, programs, bylaws, and printed materials--of the Virginia Veterinary Medical Association.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection includes records--including meeting minutes, programs, bylaws, and printed materials--of the Virginia Veterinary Medical Association."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Veterinary Medical Association"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Veterinary Medical Association"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":18,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:10:04.664Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1538"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2505","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Vivian Coleman Bear Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2505#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Weigand, H. Ferd","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2505#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection contains the papers of Roanoke, Virginia resident Vivian Coleman Bear, including correspondence from E. Ferd Weigand and other suitors; family correspondence and financial documents relating to the Clemens and Staley families; Bible with genealogical notes and clippings; photographs; and ephemera.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2505#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2505","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2505","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2505","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2505","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2505.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Bear, Vivian Coleman, Papers","title_ssm":["Vivian Coleman Bear Papers"],"title_tesim":["Vivian Coleman Bear Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1844-1916"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1844-1916"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2009.086"],"text":["Ms.2009.086","Vivian Coleman Bear Papers","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by document type, then chronologically.","Vivian Clemens Coleman, the daughter of Harriet \"Hattie\" Staley and Lee Coleman, was born January 7, 1888. The family seems to have been living in Kentucky when Coleman was born, but by 1900, she was living with her aunt, Alma Staley Crouch, in Roanoke, Virginia. Coleman, continued to live in Roanoke after marrying Charles Edgar Bear (1883-1968), the son of John Henry and Lizzie Stephens Bear. Charles Bear, who attended Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Roanoke College, and the University of North Carolina, later worked in both the lumber and automobile business. The couple had no children. Vivian Coleman Bear died in Roanoke on October 17, 1984.","The guide to the Vivian Coleman Bear Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Vivian Coleman Bear Papers commenced in May 2009 and was completed in June 2009.","This collection contains the papers of Vivian Coleman Bear, a resident of Roanoke, Virginia in the early twentieth century. The collection contains such materials as correspondence, financial documents, photos and ephemera relating to Bear and her ancestors. ","The correspondence within the collection largely consists of letters written by H. Ferd Weigand, a Baltimore attorney and a suitor of Vivian Coleman. Weigand's letters, written between 1912 and 1914, relate mostly to personal matters. He seems to have overstepped the bounds of propriety while expressing his desires in a letter dated March 12, 1912; in his next letter, dated March 28, Weigand apologizes for the transgression. Another letter is accompanied by a poem and illustration. Weigand makes frequent promises to visit Roanoke but complains of an increasingly heavy workload. Other correspondents and apparent would-be suitors are C. O. Pugh of Newport News and Harry G. Holbrook. The collection also contains a few letters between other family members, including a letter from John Marshall Clemens to his aunt, Elizabeth Pollard, regarding Clemens family genealogy. ","Included among the small set of financial documents are an 1844 receipt issued by E. Jackson to D. Staley for the payment of tuition for three students and an 1859 receipt for goods purchased by Captain Jack Pollard of Jones \u0026 Steptoe (Lynchburg, Virginia); as well as other receipts. ","An 1882 New Testament Bible in the collection includes several genealogical notes and newspaper clippings. Several of these items relate to Mark Twain, Bear's cousin. Removed from the Bible and now housed in a separate folder are notes from various Bible lessons. ","The collection also contains a few family photographs and a small set of ephemera, which includes business cards for H. Ferd Wiegand, a calling card for L. W. Coleman, an ink blotter for the Lumbermen's Credit Association, and an unidentified lock of hair. ","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains the papers of Roanoke, Virginia resident Vivian Coleman Bear, including correspondence from E. Ferd Weigand and other suitors; family correspondence and financial documents relating to the Clemens and Staley families; Bible with genealogical notes and clippings; photographs; and ephemera.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Weigand, H. Ferd","Bear, Vivian Coleman, 1888-1984","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2009.086"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Vivian Coleman Bear Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Vivian Coleman Bear Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Vivian Coleman Bear Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Weigand, H. Ferd","Bear, Vivian Coleman, 1888-1984"],"creator_ssim":["Weigand, H. Ferd","Bear, Vivian Coleman, 1888-1984"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Weigand, H. Ferd","Bear, Vivian Coleman, 1888-1984"],"creators_ssim":["Weigand, H. Ferd","Bear, Vivian Coleman, 1888-1984"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Vivian Coleman Bear Papers were purchased by Special Collections in 1994. The collection was purchased under the title of \"Clemmons / Coleman Family Papers.\""],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by document type, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by document type, then chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVivian Clemens Coleman, the daughter of Harriet \"Hattie\" Staley and Lee Coleman, was born January 7, 1888. The family seems to have been living in Kentucky when Coleman was born, but by 1900, she was living with her aunt, Alma Staley Crouch, in Roanoke, Virginia. Coleman, continued to live in Roanoke after marrying Charles Edgar Bear (1883-1968), the son of John Henry and Lizzie Stephens Bear. Charles Bear, who attended Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Roanoke College, and the University of North Carolina, later worked in both the lumber and automobile business. The couple had no children. Vivian Coleman Bear died in Roanoke on October 17, 1984.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Vivian Clemens Coleman, the daughter of Harriet \"Hattie\" Staley and Lee Coleman, was born January 7, 1888. The family seems to have been living in Kentucky when Coleman was born, but by 1900, she was living with her aunt, Alma Staley Crouch, in Roanoke, Virginia. Coleman, continued to live in Roanoke after marrying Charles Edgar Bear (1883-1968), the son of John Henry and Lizzie Stephens Bear. Charles Bear, who attended Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Roanoke College, and the University of North Carolina, later worked in both the lumber and automobile business. The couple had no children. Vivian Coleman Bear died in Roanoke on October 17, 1984."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Vivian Coleman Bear Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Vivian Coleman Bear Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Vivian Coleman Bear Papers, Ms2009-086, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Vivian Coleman Bear Papers, Ms2009-086, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Vivian Coleman Bear Papers commenced in May 2009 and was completed in June 2009.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Vivian Coleman Bear Papers commenced in May 2009 and was completed in June 2009."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the papers of Vivian Coleman Bear, a resident of Roanoke, Virginia in the early twentieth century. The collection contains such materials as correspondence, financial documents, photos and ephemera relating to Bear and her ancestors. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence within the collection largely consists of letters written by H. Ferd Weigand, a Baltimore attorney and a suitor of Vivian Coleman. Weigand's letters, written between 1912 and 1914, relate mostly to personal matters. He seems to have overstepped the bounds of propriety while expressing his desires in a letter dated March 12, 1912; in his next letter, dated March 28, Weigand apologizes for the transgression. Another letter is accompanied by a poem and illustration. Weigand makes frequent promises to visit Roanoke but complains of an increasingly heavy workload. Other correspondents and apparent would-be suitors are C. O. Pugh of Newport News and Harry G. Holbrook. The collection also contains a few letters between other family members, including a letter from John Marshall Clemens to his aunt, Elizabeth Pollard, regarding Clemens family genealogy. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncluded among the small set of financial documents are an 1844 receipt issued by E. Jackson to D. Staley for the payment of tuition for three students and an 1859 receipt for goods purchased by Captain Jack Pollard of Jones \u0026amp; Steptoe (Lynchburg, Virginia); as well as other receipts. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn 1882 New Testament Bible in the collection includes several genealogical notes and newspaper clippings. Several of these items relate to Mark Twain, Bear's cousin. Removed from the Bible and now housed in a separate folder are notes from various Bible lessons. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a few family photographs and a small set of ephemera, which includes business cards for H. Ferd Wiegand, a calling card for L. W. Coleman, an ink blotter for the Lumbermen's Credit Association, and an unidentified lock of hair. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of Vivian Coleman Bear, a resident of Roanoke, Virginia in the early twentieth century. The collection contains such materials as correspondence, financial documents, photos and ephemera relating to Bear and her ancestors. ","The correspondence within the collection largely consists of letters written by H. Ferd Weigand, a Baltimore attorney and a suitor of Vivian Coleman. Weigand's letters, written between 1912 and 1914, relate mostly to personal matters. He seems to have overstepped the bounds of propriety while expressing his desires in a letter dated March 12, 1912; in his next letter, dated March 28, Weigand apologizes for the transgression. Another letter is accompanied by a poem and illustration. Weigand makes frequent promises to visit Roanoke but complains of an increasingly heavy workload. Other correspondents and apparent would-be suitors are C. O. Pugh of Newport News and Harry G. Holbrook. The collection also contains a few letters between other family members, including a letter from John Marshall Clemens to his aunt, Elizabeth Pollard, regarding Clemens family genealogy. ","Included among the small set of financial documents are an 1844 receipt issued by E. Jackson to D. Staley for the payment of tuition for three students and an 1859 receipt for goods purchased by Captain Jack Pollard of Jones \u0026 Steptoe (Lynchburg, Virginia); as well as other receipts. ","An 1882 New Testament Bible in the collection includes several genealogical notes and newspaper clippings. Several of these items relate to Mark Twain, Bear's cousin. Removed from the Bible and now housed in a separate folder are notes from various Bible lessons. ","The collection also contains a few family photographs and a small set of ephemera, which includes business cards for H. Ferd Wiegand, a calling card for L. W. Coleman, an ink blotter for the Lumbermen's Credit Association, and an unidentified lock of hair. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1078f0b094d95f1f596ededaf3be06bb\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains the papers of Roanoke, Virginia resident Vivian Coleman Bear, including correspondence from E. Ferd Weigand and other suitors; family correspondence and financial documents relating to the Clemens and Staley families; Bible with genealogical notes and clippings; photographs; and ephemera.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains the papers of Roanoke, Virginia resident Vivian Coleman Bear, including correspondence from E. Ferd Weigand and other suitors; family correspondence and financial documents relating to the Clemens and Staley families; Bible with genealogical notes and clippings; photographs; and ephemera."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Weigand, H. Ferd","Bear, Vivian Coleman, 1888-1984"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Bear, Vivian Coleman, 1888-1984"],"persname_ssim":["Weigand, H. Ferd","Bear, Vivian Coleman, 1888-1984"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":17,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:25:26.069Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2505","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2505","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2505","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2505","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2505.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Bear, Vivian Coleman, Papers","title_ssm":["Vivian Coleman Bear Papers"],"title_tesim":["Vivian Coleman Bear Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1844-1916"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1844-1916"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2009.086"],"text":["Ms.2009.086","Vivian Coleman Bear Papers","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by document type, then chronologically.","Vivian Clemens Coleman, the daughter of Harriet \"Hattie\" Staley and Lee Coleman, was born January 7, 1888. The family seems to have been living in Kentucky when Coleman was born, but by 1900, she was living with her aunt, Alma Staley Crouch, in Roanoke, Virginia. Coleman, continued to live in Roanoke after marrying Charles Edgar Bear (1883-1968), the son of John Henry and Lizzie Stephens Bear. Charles Bear, who attended Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Roanoke College, and the University of North Carolina, later worked in both the lumber and automobile business. The couple had no children. Vivian Coleman Bear died in Roanoke on October 17, 1984.","The guide to the Vivian Coleman Bear Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Vivian Coleman Bear Papers commenced in May 2009 and was completed in June 2009.","This collection contains the papers of Vivian Coleman Bear, a resident of Roanoke, Virginia in the early twentieth century. The collection contains such materials as correspondence, financial documents, photos and ephemera relating to Bear and her ancestors. ","The correspondence within the collection largely consists of letters written by H. Ferd Weigand, a Baltimore attorney and a suitor of Vivian Coleman. Weigand's letters, written between 1912 and 1914, relate mostly to personal matters. He seems to have overstepped the bounds of propriety while expressing his desires in a letter dated March 12, 1912; in his next letter, dated March 28, Weigand apologizes for the transgression. Another letter is accompanied by a poem and illustration. Weigand makes frequent promises to visit Roanoke but complains of an increasingly heavy workload. Other correspondents and apparent would-be suitors are C. O. Pugh of Newport News and Harry G. Holbrook. The collection also contains a few letters between other family members, including a letter from John Marshall Clemens to his aunt, Elizabeth Pollard, regarding Clemens family genealogy. ","Included among the small set of financial documents are an 1844 receipt issued by E. Jackson to D. Staley for the payment of tuition for three students and an 1859 receipt for goods purchased by Captain Jack Pollard of Jones \u0026 Steptoe (Lynchburg, Virginia); as well as other receipts. ","An 1882 New Testament Bible in the collection includes several genealogical notes and newspaper clippings. Several of these items relate to Mark Twain, Bear's cousin. Removed from the Bible and now housed in a separate folder are notes from various Bible lessons. ","The collection also contains a few family photographs and a small set of ephemera, which includes business cards for H. Ferd Wiegand, a calling card for L. W. Coleman, an ink blotter for the Lumbermen's Credit Association, and an unidentified lock of hair. ","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains the papers of Roanoke, Virginia resident Vivian Coleman Bear, including correspondence from E. Ferd Weigand and other suitors; family correspondence and financial documents relating to the Clemens and Staley families; Bible with genealogical notes and clippings; photographs; and ephemera.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Weigand, H. Ferd","Bear, Vivian Coleman, 1888-1984","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2009.086"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Vivian Coleman Bear Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Vivian Coleman Bear Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Vivian Coleman Bear Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Weigand, H. Ferd","Bear, Vivian Coleman, 1888-1984"],"creator_ssim":["Weigand, H. Ferd","Bear, Vivian Coleman, 1888-1984"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Weigand, H. Ferd","Bear, Vivian Coleman, 1888-1984"],"creators_ssim":["Weigand, H. Ferd","Bear, Vivian Coleman, 1888-1984"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Vivian Coleman Bear Papers were purchased by Special Collections in 1994. The collection was purchased under the title of \"Clemmons / Coleman Family Papers.\""],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by document type, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by document type, then chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVivian Clemens Coleman, the daughter of Harriet \"Hattie\" Staley and Lee Coleman, was born January 7, 1888. The family seems to have been living in Kentucky when Coleman was born, but by 1900, she was living with her aunt, Alma Staley Crouch, in Roanoke, Virginia. Coleman, continued to live in Roanoke after marrying Charles Edgar Bear (1883-1968), the son of John Henry and Lizzie Stephens Bear. Charles Bear, who attended Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Roanoke College, and the University of North Carolina, later worked in both the lumber and automobile business. The couple had no children. Vivian Coleman Bear died in Roanoke on October 17, 1984.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Vivian Clemens Coleman, the daughter of Harriet \"Hattie\" Staley and Lee Coleman, was born January 7, 1888. The family seems to have been living in Kentucky when Coleman was born, but by 1900, she was living with her aunt, Alma Staley Crouch, in Roanoke, Virginia. Coleman, continued to live in Roanoke after marrying Charles Edgar Bear (1883-1968), the son of John Henry and Lizzie Stephens Bear. Charles Bear, who attended Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Roanoke College, and the University of North Carolina, later worked in both the lumber and automobile business. The couple had no children. Vivian Coleman Bear died in Roanoke on October 17, 1984."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Vivian Coleman Bear Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Vivian Coleman Bear Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Vivian Coleman Bear Papers, Ms2009-086, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Vivian Coleman Bear Papers, Ms2009-086, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Vivian Coleman Bear Papers commenced in May 2009 and was completed in June 2009.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Vivian Coleman Bear Papers commenced in May 2009 and was completed in June 2009."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the papers of Vivian Coleman Bear, a resident of Roanoke, Virginia in the early twentieth century. The collection contains such materials as correspondence, financial documents, photos and ephemera relating to Bear and her ancestors. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence within the collection largely consists of letters written by H. Ferd Weigand, a Baltimore attorney and a suitor of Vivian Coleman. Weigand's letters, written between 1912 and 1914, relate mostly to personal matters. He seems to have overstepped the bounds of propriety while expressing his desires in a letter dated March 12, 1912; in his next letter, dated March 28, Weigand apologizes for the transgression. Another letter is accompanied by a poem and illustration. Weigand makes frequent promises to visit Roanoke but complains of an increasingly heavy workload. Other correspondents and apparent would-be suitors are C. O. Pugh of Newport News and Harry G. Holbrook. The collection also contains a few letters between other family members, including a letter from John Marshall Clemens to his aunt, Elizabeth Pollard, regarding Clemens family genealogy. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncluded among the small set of financial documents are an 1844 receipt issued by E. Jackson to D. Staley for the payment of tuition for three students and an 1859 receipt for goods purchased by Captain Jack Pollard of Jones \u0026amp; Steptoe (Lynchburg, Virginia); as well as other receipts. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn 1882 New Testament Bible in the collection includes several genealogical notes and newspaper clippings. Several of these items relate to Mark Twain, Bear's cousin. Removed from the Bible and now housed in a separate folder are notes from various Bible lessons. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a few family photographs and a small set of ephemera, which includes business cards for H. Ferd Wiegand, a calling card for L. W. Coleman, an ink blotter for the Lumbermen's Credit Association, and an unidentified lock of hair. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of Vivian Coleman Bear, a resident of Roanoke, Virginia in the early twentieth century. The collection contains such materials as correspondence, financial documents, photos and ephemera relating to Bear and her ancestors. ","The correspondence within the collection largely consists of letters written by H. Ferd Weigand, a Baltimore attorney and a suitor of Vivian Coleman. Weigand's letters, written between 1912 and 1914, relate mostly to personal matters. He seems to have overstepped the bounds of propriety while expressing his desires in a letter dated March 12, 1912; in his next letter, dated March 28, Weigand apologizes for the transgression. Another letter is accompanied by a poem and illustration. Weigand makes frequent promises to visit Roanoke but complains of an increasingly heavy workload. Other correspondents and apparent would-be suitors are C. O. Pugh of Newport News and Harry G. Holbrook. The collection also contains a few letters between other family members, including a letter from John Marshall Clemens to his aunt, Elizabeth Pollard, regarding Clemens family genealogy. ","Included among the small set of financial documents are an 1844 receipt issued by E. Jackson to D. Staley for the payment of tuition for three students and an 1859 receipt for goods purchased by Captain Jack Pollard of Jones \u0026 Steptoe (Lynchburg, Virginia); as well as other receipts. ","An 1882 New Testament Bible in the collection includes several genealogical notes and newspaper clippings. Several of these items relate to Mark Twain, Bear's cousin. Removed from the Bible and now housed in a separate folder are notes from various Bible lessons. ","The collection also contains a few family photographs and a small set of ephemera, which includes business cards for H. Ferd Wiegand, a calling card for L. W. Coleman, an ink blotter for the Lumbermen's Credit Association, and an unidentified lock of hair. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1078f0b094d95f1f596ededaf3be06bb\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains the papers of Roanoke, Virginia resident Vivian Coleman Bear, including correspondence from E. Ferd Weigand and other suitors; family correspondence and financial documents relating to the Clemens and Staley families; Bible with genealogical notes and clippings; photographs; and ephemera.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains the papers of Roanoke, Virginia resident Vivian Coleman Bear, including correspondence from E. Ferd Weigand and other suitors; family correspondence and financial documents relating to the Clemens and Staley families; Bible with genealogical notes and clippings; photographs; and ephemera."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Weigand, H. Ferd","Bear, Vivian Coleman, 1888-1984"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Bear, Vivian Coleman, 1888-1984"],"persname_ssim":["Weigand, H. Ferd","Bear, Vivian Coleman, 1888-1984"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":17,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:25:26.069Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2505"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1287","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Walker and Caldwell Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1287#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Walker and Caldwell (Wytheville, Va.)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1287#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection contains the papers of Manley Morrison Caldwell, an attorney in Wytheville and Roanoke, Virginia, and his law partner and father-in-law, James A. Walker, consisting largely of Caldwell's professional legal and business papers and documents gathered and created by him in the course of acting as the executor of Walker's will.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1287#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1287","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1287","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1287","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1287","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1287.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Walker and Caldwell Papers","title_ssm":["Walker and Caldwell Papers"],"title_tesim":["Walker and Caldwell Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1882-1952"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1882-1952"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1973.012"],"text":["Ms.1973.012","Walker and Caldwell Papers","Roanoke County (Va.)","Wythe County (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged in three series:","Series I. Manley M. Caldwell Papers, 1886-1934. This series contains legal and financial documents created in the course of Caldwell's professional and business career. Included is an account book that seems to track not only the income of Walker's legal practice but also the income and expenditures of an apple orchard. Also included are papers relating to Caldwell's involvement in various elevated tramways in Roanoke and Botetourt counties, the Edgewood Land Company, and the Salem Improvement Company. The series also contains various legal, business, and personal financial documents such as deeds and contracts, tax forms, and bank records. Included are stock certificates for a number of area businesses. Among these is a certificate for the Old Dominion Match Company, attached to which is the formula for the company's product. The series is arranged alphabetically by document type and file topic.","Series II. Walker and Caldwell Papers, 1893-1912. The work of the Walker and Caldwell law partnership is represented in just one item: a ledger detailing the work done by the firm in collecting monies from legal judgments and delinquent business accounts.","Series III. James A. Walker Estate Papers, 1882-1952. Contained in this series are documents relating to Walker's estate, with Manley Caldwell serving as executor. The series includes such routine documents as a copy of the will, receipts and account statements, personal checks, and correspondence. Much of the material, however, relates to mineral rights held by Walker in several tracts of land in Wythe County and elsewhere in Southwest Virginia. Included is a notebook containing business meeting minutes of the Norma Iron and Mining Company, the Wythe County Iron and Zinc Corporation, and the Iron Mountain Company. The series is arranged alphabetically by document type and file topic.","James Alexander Walker was born in Augusta County, Virginia on August 27, 1832. Walker attended Virginia Military Institute but was expelled just before graduation in 1852 (though he would later be granted an honorary degree). After studying law at the University of Virginia, Walker was admitted to the state bar in 1856, and established a law practice in Newbern (Pulaski County), Virginia. He married Sarah Poage, and the couple would have six children. ","At the commencement of the Civil War, Walker entered Confederate service as captain of the Pulaski Guards,  later incorporated into the 4th Virginia Infantry as Company C. Walker was soon promoted to lieutenant colonel and assigned to the 13th Virginia Infantry and in February 1862 assumed command of the regiment as colonel. Promoted to brigadier general, he commanded the Stonewall Brigade during the Gettysburg Campaign and at the battles of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania. After recovering from a serious wound in the latter battle, Walker  returned to duty, commanding a division at Petersburg and Appomattox. ","Following the war, Walker returned to his Pulaski County law practice and was elected as a Democrat to the Virginia House of Delegates in 1871 and 1872. In 1877, he was elected Virginia's lieutenant governor. Walker joined the Republican Party in 1895 and served two years in Congress, from 1895 to 1899. He lost reelection to William F. Rhea in 1898, and was again defeated by Rhea in 1900. James A. Walker died in Wytheville, Virginia on October 21, 1901.","Manley Morrison Caldwell was born in Wytheville, Virginia on January 4, 1861. He graduated from Hampden-Sydney College and the University of Virginia School of Law, then briefly practiced law in Dallas, Texas before returning to Wytheville and entering into a law partnership with James A. Walker. Caldwell married Walker's daughter, Willie Brown Walker (1860-1946), in 1888; the couple had three children and lived with General Walker until his death in 1901. In 1906, the Caldwells moved to Roanoke, Virginia, where Caldwell continued his legal career and engaged in several business enterprises. Manley M. Caldwell died on May 25, 1940.","The guide to the Walker and Caldwell Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Walker and Caldwell Papers commenced and was completed in December 2011.","See also the  James A. Walker Papers, #852,  Southern Historical Collection, The Wilson Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.","This collection contains papers of Manley M. Caldwell, an attorney in Wytheville and Roanoke, Virginia, and his law partner and father-in-law, James A. Walker. The collection contains such legal and financial records as deeds, survey metes and calls, ledgers, promissory notes, checks, and correspondence. Approximately half of the collection relates to Caldwell's activities as executor of Walker's will and concerns property and mineral rights owned in Wythe County, Virginia. Much of the remainder of the collection is devoted to Caldwell's business interests in Roanoke. The collection contains little that relates to the Walker and Caldwell law partnership and only a few items that do not relate to business or legal activities.","The following items were removed from the collection to be added to the Rare Book Collection:","Holden, Edward S.  A Brief Account of the Lick Observatory of the University of California . 2nd ed. Sacramento, CA: State Printing Office, 1895. (Call number QB82.U62 L53 1895 Spec Large)","Walker, Jame A.  Address Delivered in Richmond, Virginia, on the 30th of June, 1892, at the Unveiling of the Monument to Lieutenant General A. P. Hill.  [Wytheville, VA: Enterprise Job Office, 1892?] (Call number E467.H55 W25 1892 Spec Civil War)","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains the papers of Manley Morrison Caldwell, an attorney in Wytheville and Roanoke, Virginia, and his law partner and father-in-law, James A. Walker, consisting largely of Caldwell's professional legal and business papers and documents gathered and created by him in the course of acting as the executor of Walker's will.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Walker and Caldwell (Wytheville, Va.)","Caldwell, Manly M., 1861-1940","Walker, James A., 1832-1901","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1973.012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Walker and Caldwell Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Walker and Caldwell Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Walker and Caldwell Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Roanoke County (Va.)","Wythe County (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Roanoke County (Va.)","Wythe County (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Walker and Caldwell (Wytheville, Va.)","Caldwell, Manly M., 1861-1940","Walker, James A., 1832-1901"],"creator_ssim":["Walker and Caldwell (Wytheville, Va.)","Caldwell, Manly M., 1861-1940","Walker, James A., 1832-1901"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Caldwell, Manly M., 1861-1940","Walker, James A., 1832-1901"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Walker and Caldwell (Wytheville, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Caldwell, Manly M., 1861-1940","Walker, James A., 1832-1901","Walker and Caldwell (Wytheville, Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Roanoke County (Va.)","Wythe County (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Walker and Caldwell Papers were donated to Special Collections in 1973."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.7 Cubic Feet 3 boxes; 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["1.7 Cubic Feet 3 boxes; 1 oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in three series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Manley M. Caldwell Papers, 1886-1934. This series contains legal and financial documents created in the course of Caldwell's professional and business career. Included is an account book that seems to track not only the income of Walker's legal practice but also the income and expenditures of an apple orchard. Also included are papers relating to Caldwell's involvement in various elevated tramways in Roanoke and Botetourt counties, the Edgewood Land Company, and the Salem Improvement Company. The series also contains various legal, business, and personal financial documents such as deeds and contracts, tax forms, and bank records. Included are stock certificates for a number of area businesses. Among these is a certificate for the Old Dominion Match Company, attached to which is the formula for the company's product. The series is arranged alphabetically by document type and file topic.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Walker and Caldwell Papers, 1893-1912. The work of the Walker and Caldwell law partnership is represented in just one item: a ledger detailing the work done by the firm in collecting monies from legal judgments and delinquent business accounts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. James A. Walker Estate Papers, 1882-1952. Contained in this series are documents relating to Walker's estate, with Manley Caldwell serving as executor. The series includes such routine documents as a copy of the will, receipts and account statements, personal checks, and correspondence. Much of the material, however, relates to mineral rights held by Walker in several tracts of land in Wythe County and elsewhere in Southwest Virginia. Included is a notebook containing business meeting minutes of the Norma Iron and Mining Company, the Wythe County Iron and Zinc Corporation, and the Iron Mountain Company. The series is arranged alphabetically by document type and file topic.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in three series:","Series I. Manley M. Caldwell Papers, 1886-1934. This series contains legal and financial documents created in the course of Caldwell's professional and business career. Included is an account book that seems to track not only the income of Walker's legal practice but also the income and expenditures of an apple orchard. Also included are papers relating to Caldwell's involvement in various elevated tramways in Roanoke and Botetourt counties, the Edgewood Land Company, and the Salem Improvement Company. The series also contains various legal, business, and personal financial documents such as deeds and contracts, tax forms, and bank records. Included are stock certificates for a number of area businesses. Among these is a certificate for the Old Dominion Match Company, attached to which is the formula for the company's product. The series is arranged alphabetically by document type and file topic.","Series II. Walker and Caldwell Papers, 1893-1912. The work of the Walker and Caldwell law partnership is represented in just one item: a ledger detailing the work done by the firm in collecting monies from legal judgments and delinquent business accounts.","Series III. James A. Walker Estate Papers, 1882-1952. Contained in this series are documents relating to Walker's estate, with Manley Caldwell serving as executor. The series includes such routine documents as a copy of the will, receipts and account statements, personal checks, and correspondence. Much of the material, however, relates to mineral rights held by Walker in several tracts of land in Wythe County and elsewhere in Southwest Virginia. Included is a notebook containing business meeting minutes of the Norma Iron and Mining Company, the Wythe County Iron and Zinc Corporation, and the Iron Mountain Company. The series is arranged alphabetically by document type and file topic."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Alexander Walker was born in Augusta County, Virginia on August 27, 1832. Walker attended Virginia Military Institute but was expelled just before graduation in 1852 (though he would later be granted an honorary degree). After studying law at the University of Virginia, Walker was admitted to the state bar in 1856, and established a law practice in Newbern (Pulaski County), Virginia. He married Sarah Poage, and the couple would have six children. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt the commencement of the Civil War, Walker entered Confederate service as captain of the Pulaski Guards,  later incorporated into the 4th Virginia Infantry as Company C. Walker was soon promoted to lieutenant colonel and assigned to the 13th Virginia Infantry and in February 1862 assumed command of the regiment as colonel. Promoted to brigadier general, he commanded the Stonewall Brigade during the Gettysburg Campaign and at the battles of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania. After recovering from a serious wound in the latter battle, Walker  returned to duty, commanding a division at Petersburg and Appomattox. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFollowing the war, Walker returned to his Pulaski County law practice and was elected as a Democrat to the Virginia House of Delegates in 1871 and 1872. In 1877, he was elected Virginia's lieutenant governor. Walker joined the Republican Party in 1895 and served two years in Congress, from 1895 to 1899. He lost reelection to William F. Rhea in 1898, and was again defeated by Rhea in 1900. James A. Walker died in Wytheville, Virginia on October 21, 1901.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eManley Morrison Caldwell was born in Wytheville, Virginia on January 4, 1861. He graduated from Hampden-Sydney College and the University of Virginia School of Law, then briefly practiced law in Dallas, Texas before returning to Wytheville and entering into a law partnership with James A. Walker. Caldwell married Walker's daughter, Willie Brown Walker (1860-1946), in 1888; the couple had three children and lived with General Walker until his death in 1901. In 1906, the Caldwells moved to Roanoke, Virginia, where Caldwell continued his legal career and engaged in several business enterprises. Manley M. Caldwell died on May 25, 1940.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Alexander Walker was born in Augusta County, Virginia on August 27, 1832. Walker attended Virginia Military Institute but was expelled just before graduation in 1852 (though he would later be granted an honorary degree). After studying law at the University of Virginia, Walker was admitted to the state bar in 1856, and established a law practice in Newbern (Pulaski County), Virginia. He married Sarah Poage, and the couple would have six children. ","At the commencement of the Civil War, Walker entered Confederate service as captain of the Pulaski Guards,  later incorporated into the 4th Virginia Infantry as Company C. Walker was soon promoted to lieutenant colonel and assigned to the 13th Virginia Infantry and in February 1862 assumed command of the regiment as colonel. Promoted to brigadier general, he commanded the Stonewall Brigade during the Gettysburg Campaign and at the battles of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania. After recovering from a serious wound in the latter battle, Walker  returned to duty, commanding a division at Petersburg and Appomattox. ","Following the war, Walker returned to his Pulaski County law practice and was elected as a Democrat to the Virginia House of Delegates in 1871 and 1872. In 1877, he was elected Virginia's lieutenant governor. Walker joined the Republican Party in 1895 and served two years in Congress, from 1895 to 1899. He lost reelection to William F. Rhea in 1898, and was again defeated by Rhea in 1900. James A. Walker died in Wytheville, Virginia on October 21, 1901.","Manley Morrison Caldwell was born in Wytheville, Virginia on January 4, 1861. He graduated from Hampden-Sydney College and the University of Virginia School of Law, then briefly practiced law in Dallas, Texas before returning to Wytheville and entering into a law partnership with James A. Walker. Caldwell married Walker's daughter, Willie Brown Walker (1860-1946), in 1888; the couple had three children and lived with General Walker until his death in 1901. In 1906, the Caldwells moved to Roanoke, Virginia, where Caldwell continued his legal career and engaged in several business enterprises. Manley M. Caldwell died on May 25, 1940."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Walker and Caldwell Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Walker and Caldwell Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Walker and Caldwell Papers, Ms1973-012, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Walker and Caldwell Papers, Ms1973-012, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Walker and Caldwell Papers commenced and was completed in December 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Walker and Caldwell Papers commenced and was completed in December 2011."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://finding-aids.lib.unc.edu/00852/\"\u003eJames A. Walker Papers, #852,\u003c/a\u003e Southern Historical Collection, The Wilson Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also the  James A. Walker Papers, #852,  Southern Historical Collection, The Wilson Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains papers of Manley M. Caldwell, an attorney in Wytheville and Roanoke, Virginia, and his law partner and father-in-law, James A. Walker. The collection contains such legal and financial records as deeds, survey metes and calls, ledgers, promissory notes, checks, and correspondence. Approximately half of the collection relates to Caldwell's activities as executor of Walker's will and concerns property and mineral rights owned in Wythe County, Virginia. Much of the remainder of the collection is devoted to Caldwell's business interests in Roanoke. The collection contains little that relates to the Walker and Caldwell law partnership and only a few items that do not relate to business or legal activities.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains papers of Manley M. Caldwell, an attorney in Wytheville and Roanoke, Virginia, and his law partner and father-in-law, James A. Walker. The collection contains such legal and financial records as deeds, survey metes and calls, ledgers, promissory notes, checks, and correspondence. Approximately half of the collection relates to Caldwell's activities as executor of Walker's will and concerns property and mineral rights owned in Wythe County, Virginia. Much of the remainder of the collection is devoted to Caldwell's business interests in Roanoke. The collection contains little that relates to the Walker and Caldwell law partnership and only a few items that do not relate to business or legal activities."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following items were removed from the collection to be added to the Rare Book Collection:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHolden, Edward S. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eA Brief Account of the Lick Observatory of the University of California\u003c/title\u003e. 2nd ed. Sacramento, CA: State Printing Office, 1895. (Call number QB82.U62 L53 1895 Spec Large)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWalker, Jame A. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAddress Delivered in Richmond, Virginia, on the 30th of June, 1892, at the Unveiling of the Monument to Lieutenant General A. P. Hill.\u003c/title\u003e [Wytheville, VA: Enterprise Job Office, 1892?] (Call number E467.H55 W25 1892 Spec Civil War)\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The following items were removed from the collection to be added to the Rare Book Collection:","Holden, Edward S.  A Brief Account of the Lick Observatory of the University of California . 2nd ed. Sacramento, CA: State Printing Office, 1895. (Call number QB82.U62 L53 1895 Spec Large)","Walker, Jame A.  Address Delivered in Richmond, Virginia, on the 30th of June, 1892, at the Unveiling of the Monument to Lieutenant General A. P. Hill.  [Wytheville, VA: Enterprise Job Office, 1892?] (Call number E467.H55 W25 1892 Spec Civil War)"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1537cb5062293fd6d55d8ee1856e6cc3\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains the papers of Manley Morrison Caldwell, an attorney in Wytheville and Roanoke, Virginia, and his law partner and father-in-law, James A. Walker, consisting largely of Caldwell's professional legal and business papers and documents gathered and created by him in the course of acting as the executor of Walker's will.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains the papers of Manley Morrison Caldwell, an attorney in Wytheville and Roanoke, Virginia, and his law partner and father-in-law, James A. Walker, consisting largely of Caldwell's professional legal and business papers and documents gathered and created by him in the course of acting as the executor of Walker's will."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Walker and Caldwell (Wytheville, Va.)","Caldwell, Manly M., 1861-1940","Walker, James A., 1832-1901"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Walker and Caldwell (Wytheville, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Caldwell, Manly M., 1861-1940","Walker, James A., 1832-1901"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":80,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:30:56.100Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1287","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1287","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1287","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1287","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1287.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Walker and Caldwell Papers","title_ssm":["Walker and Caldwell Papers"],"title_tesim":["Walker and Caldwell Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1882-1952"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1882-1952"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1973.012"],"text":["Ms.1973.012","Walker and Caldwell Papers","Roanoke County (Va.)","Wythe County (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged in three series:","Series I. Manley M. Caldwell Papers, 1886-1934. This series contains legal and financial documents created in the course of Caldwell's professional and business career. Included is an account book that seems to track not only the income of Walker's legal practice but also the income and expenditures of an apple orchard. Also included are papers relating to Caldwell's involvement in various elevated tramways in Roanoke and Botetourt counties, the Edgewood Land Company, and the Salem Improvement Company. The series also contains various legal, business, and personal financial documents such as deeds and contracts, tax forms, and bank records. Included are stock certificates for a number of area businesses. Among these is a certificate for the Old Dominion Match Company, attached to which is the formula for the company's product. The series is arranged alphabetically by document type and file topic.","Series II. Walker and Caldwell Papers, 1893-1912. The work of the Walker and Caldwell law partnership is represented in just one item: a ledger detailing the work done by the firm in collecting monies from legal judgments and delinquent business accounts.","Series III. James A. Walker Estate Papers, 1882-1952. Contained in this series are documents relating to Walker's estate, with Manley Caldwell serving as executor. The series includes such routine documents as a copy of the will, receipts and account statements, personal checks, and correspondence. Much of the material, however, relates to mineral rights held by Walker in several tracts of land in Wythe County and elsewhere in Southwest Virginia. Included is a notebook containing business meeting minutes of the Norma Iron and Mining Company, the Wythe County Iron and Zinc Corporation, and the Iron Mountain Company. The series is arranged alphabetically by document type and file topic.","James Alexander Walker was born in Augusta County, Virginia on August 27, 1832. Walker attended Virginia Military Institute but was expelled just before graduation in 1852 (though he would later be granted an honorary degree). After studying law at the University of Virginia, Walker was admitted to the state bar in 1856, and established a law practice in Newbern (Pulaski County), Virginia. He married Sarah Poage, and the couple would have six children. ","At the commencement of the Civil War, Walker entered Confederate service as captain of the Pulaski Guards,  later incorporated into the 4th Virginia Infantry as Company C. Walker was soon promoted to lieutenant colonel and assigned to the 13th Virginia Infantry and in February 1862 assumed command of the regiment as colonel. Promoted to brigadier general, he commanded the Stonewall Brigade during the Gettysburg Campaign and at the battles of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania. After recovering from a serious wound in the latter battle, Walker  returned to duty, commanding a division at Petersburg and Appomattox. ","Following the war, Walker returned to his Pulaski County law practice and was elected as a Democrat to the Virginia House of Delegates in 1871 and 1872. In 1877, he was elected Virginia's lieutenant governor. Walker joined the Republican Party in 1895 and served two years in Congress, from 1895 to 1899. He lost reelection to William F. Rhea in 1898, and was again defeated by Rhea in 1900. James A. Walker died in Wytheville, Virginia on October 21, 1901.","Manley Morrison Caldwell was born in Wytheville, Virginia on January 4, 1861. He graduated from Hampden-Sydney College and the University of Virginia School of Law, then briefly practiced law in Dallas, Texas before returning to Wytheville and entering into a law partnership with James A. Walker. Caldwell married Walker's daughter, Willie Brown Walker (1860-1946), in 1888; the couple had three children and lived with General Walker until his death in 1901. In 1906, the Caldwells moved to Roanoke, Virginia, where Caldwell continued his legal career and engaged in several business enterprises. Manley M. Caldwell died on May 25, 1940.","The guide to the Walker and Caldwell Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Walker and Caldwell Papers commenced and was completed in December 2011.","See also the  James A. Walker Papers, #852,  Southern Historical Collection, The Wilson Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.","This collection contains papers of Manley M. Caldwell, an attorney in Wytheville and Roanoke, Virginia, and his law partner and father-in-law, James A. Walker. The collection contains such legal and financial records as deeds, survey metes and calls, ledgers, promissory notes, checks, and correspondence. Approximately half of the collection relates to Caldwell's activities as executor of Walker's will and concerns property and mineral rights owned in Wythe County, Virginia. Much of the remainder of the collection is devoted to Caldwell's business interests in Roanoke. The collection contains little that relates to the Walker and Caldwell law partnership and only a few items that do not relate to business or legal activities.","The following items were removed from the collection to be added to the Rare Book Collection:","Holden, Edward S.  A Brief Account of the Lick Observatory of the University of California . 2nd ed. Sacramento, CA: State Printing Office, 1895. (Call number QB82.U62 L53 1895 Spec Large)","Walker, Jame A.  Address Delivered in Richmond, Virginia, on the 30th of June, 1892, at the Unveiling of the Monument to Lieutenant General A. P. Hill.  [Wytheville, VA: Enterprise Job Office, 1892?] (Call number E467.H55 W25 1892 Spec Civil War)","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains the papers of Manley Morrison Caldwell, an attorney in Wytheville and Roanoke, Virginia, and his law partner and father-in-law, James A. Walker, consisting largely of Caldwell's professional legal and business papers and documents gathered and created by him in the course of acting as the executor of Walker's will.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Walker and Caldwell (Wytheville, Va.)","Caldwell, Manly M., 1861-1940","Walker, James A., 1832-1901","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1973.012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Walker and Caldwell Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Walker and Caldwell Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Walker and Caldwell Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Roanoke County (Va.)","Wythe County (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Roanoke County (Va.)","Wythe County (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Walker and Caldwell (Wytheville, Va.)","Caldwell, Manly M., 1861-1940","Walker, James A., 1832-1901"],"creator_ssim":["Walker and Caldwell (Wytheville, Va.)","Caldwell, Manly M., 1861-1940","Walker, James A., 1832-1901"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Caldwell, Manly M., 1861-1940","Walker, James A., 1832-1901"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Walker and Caldwell (Wytheville, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Caldwell, Manly M., 1861-1940","Walker, James A., 1832-1901","Walker and Caldwell (Wytheville, Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Roanoke County (Va.)","Wythe County (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Walker and Caldwell Papers were donated to Special Collections in 1973."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.7 Cubic Feet 3 boxes; 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["1.7 Cubic Feet 3 boxes; 1 oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in three series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Manley M. Caldwell Papers, 1886-1934. This series contains legal and financial documents created in the course of Caldwell's professional and business career. Included is an account book that seems to track not only the income of Walker's legal practice but also the income and expenditures of an apple orchard. Also included are papers relating to Caldwell's involvement in various elevated tramways in Roanoke and Botetourt counties, the Edgewood Land Company, and the Salem Improvement Company. The series also contains various legal, business, and personal financial documents such as deeds and contracts, tax forms, and bank records. Included are stock certificates for a number of area businesses. Among these is a certificate for the Old Dominion Match Company, attached to which is the formula for the company's product. The series is arranged alphabetically by document type and file topic.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Walker and Caldwell Papers, 1893-1912. The work of the Walker and Caldwell law partnership is represented in just one item: a ledger detailing the work done by the firm in collecting monies from legal judgments and delinquent business accounts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. James A. Walker Estate Papers, 1882-1952. Contained in this series are documents relating to Walker's estate, with Manley Caldwell serving as executor. The series includes such routine documents as a copy of the will, receipts and account statements, personal checks, and correspondence. Much of the material, however, relates to mineral rights held by Walker in several tracts of land in Wythe County and elsewhere in Southwest Virginia. Included is a notebook containing business meeting minutes of the Norma Iron and Mining Company, the Wythe County Iron and Zinc Corporation, and the Iron Mountain Company. The series is arranged alphabetically by document type and file topic.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in three series:","Series I. Manley M. Caldwell Papers, 1886-1934. This series contains legal and financial documents created in the course of Caldwell's professional and business career. Included is an account book that seems to track not only the income of Walker's legal practice but also the income and expenditures of an apple orchard. Also included are papers relating to Caldwell's involvement in various elevated tramways in Roanoke and Botetourt counties, the Edgewood Land Company, and the Salem Improvement Company. The series also contains various legal, business, and personal financial documents such as deeds and contracts, tax forms, and bank records. Included are stock certificates for a number of area businesses. Among these is a certificate for the Old Dominion Match Company, attached to which is the formula for the company's product. The series is arranged alphabetically by document type and file topic.","Series II. Walker and Caldwell Papers, 1893-1912. The work of the Walker and Caldwell law partnership is represented in just one item: a ledger detailing the work done by the firm in collecting monies from legal judgments and delinquent business accounts.","Series III. James A. Walker Estate Papers, 1882-1952. Contained in this series are documents relating to Walker's estate, with Manley Caldwell serving as executor. The series includes such routine documents as a copy of the will, receipts and account statements, personal checks, and correspondence. Much of the material, however, relates to mineral rights held by Walker in several tracts of land in Wythe County and elsewhere in Southwest Virginia. Included is a notebook containing business meeting minutes of the Norma Iron and Mining Company, the Wythe County Iron and Zinc Corporation, and the Iron Mountain Company. The series is arranged alphabetically by document type and file topic."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Alexander Walker was born in Augusta County, Virginia on August 27, 1832. Walker attended Virginia Military Institute but was expelled just before graduation in 1852 (though he would later be granted an honorary degree). After studying law at the University of Virginia, Walker was admitted to the state bar in 1856, and established a law practice in Newbern (Pulaski County), Virginia. He married Sarah Poage, and the couple would have six children. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt the commencement of the Civil War, Walker entered Confederate service as captain of the Pulaski Guards,  later incorporated into the 4th Virginia Infantry as Company C. Walker was soon promoted to lieutenant colonel and assigned to the 13th Virginia Infantry and in February 1862 assumed command of the regiment as colonel. Promoted to brigadier general, he commanded the Stonewall Brigade during the Gettysburg Campaign and at the battles of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania. After recovering from a serious wound in the latter battle, Walker  returned to duty, commanding a division at Petersburg and Appomattox. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFollowing the war, Walker returned to his Pulaski County law practice and was elected as a Democrat to the Virginia House of Delegates in 1871 and 1872. In 1877, he was elected Virginia's lieutenant governor. Walker joined the Republican Party in 1895 and served two years in Congress, from 1895 to 1899. He lost reelection to William F. Rhea in 1898, and was again defeated by Rhea in 1900. James A. Walker died in Wytheville, Virginia on October 21, 1901.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eManley Morrison Caldwell was born in Wytheville, Virginia on January 4, 1861. He graduated from Hampden-Sydney College and the University of Virginia School of Law, then briefly practiced law in Dallas, Texas before returning to Wytheville and entering into a law partnership with James A. Walker. Caldwell married Walker's daughter, Willie Brown Walker (1860-1946), in 1888; the couple had three children and lived with General Walker until his death in 1901. In 1906, the Caldwells moved to Roanoke, Virginia, where Caldwell continued his legal career and engaged in several business enterprises. Manley M. Caldwell died on May 25, 1940.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Alexander Walker was born in Augusta County, Virginia on August 27, 1832. Walker attended Virginia Military Institute but was expelled just before graduation in 1852 (though he would later be granted an honorary degree). After studying law at the University of Virginia, Walker was admitted to the state bar in 1856, and established a law practice in Newbern (Pulaski County), Virginia. He married Sarah Poage, and the couple would have six children. ","At the commencement of the Civil War, Walker entered Confederate service as captain of the Pulaski Guards,  later incorporated into the 4th Virginia Infantry as Company C. Walker was soon promoted to lieutenant colonel and assigned to the 13th Virginia Infantry and in February 1862 assumed command of the regiment as colonel. Promoted to brigadier general, he commanded the Stonewall Brigade during the Gettysburg Campaign and at the battles of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania. After recovering from a serious wound in the latter battle, Walker  returned to duty, commanding a division at Petersburg and Appomattox. ","Following the war, Walker returned to his Pulaski County law practice and was elected as a Democrat to the Virginia House of Delegates in 1871 and 1872. In 1877, he was elected Virginia's lieutenant governor. Walker joined the Republican Party in 1895 and served two years in Congress, from 1895 to 1899. He lost reelection to William F. Rhea in 1898, and was again defeated by Rhea in 1900. James A. Walker died in Wytheville, Virginia on October 21, 1901.","Manley Morrison Caldwell was born in Wytheville, Virginia on January 4, 1861. He graduated from Hampden-Sydney College and the University of Virginia School of Law, then briefly practiced law in Dallas, Texas before returning to Wytheville and entering into a law partnership with James A. Walker. Caldwell married Walker's daughter, Willie Brown Walker (1860-1946), in 1888; the couple had three children and lived with General Walker until his death in 1901. In 1906, the Caldwells moved to Roanoke, Virginia, where Caldwell continued his legal career and engaged in several business enterprises. Manley M. Caldwell died on May 25, 1940."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Walker and Caldwell Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Walker and Caldwell Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Walker and Caldwell Papers, Ms1973-012, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Walker and Caldwell Papers, Ms1973-012, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Walker and Caldwell Papers commenced and was completed in December 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Walker and Caldwell Papers commenced and was completed in December 2011."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://finding-aids.lib.unc.edu/00852/\"\u003eJames A. Walker Papers, #852,\u003c/a\u003e Southern Historical Collection, The Wilson Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also the  James A. Walker Papers, #852,  Southern Historical Collection, The Wilson Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains papers of Manley M. Caldwell, an attorney in Wytheville and Roanoke, Virginia, and his law partner and father-in-law, James A. Walker. The collection contains such legal and financial records as deeds, survey metes and calls, ledgers, promissory notes, checks, and correspondence. Approximately half of the collection relates to Caldwell's activities as executor of Walker's will and concerns property and mineral rights owned in Wythe County, Virginia. Much of the remainder of the collection is devoted to Caldwell's business interests in Roanoke. The collection contains little that relates to the Walker and Caldwell law partnership and only a few items that do not relate to business or legal activities.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains papers of Manley M. Caldwell, an attorney in Wytheville and Roanoke, Virginia, and his law partner and father-in-law, James A. Walker. The collection contains such legal and financial records as deeds, survey metes and calls, ledgers, promissory notes, checks, and correspondence. Approximately half of the collection relates to Caldwell's activities as executor of Walker's will and concerns property and mineral rights owned in Wythe County, Virginia. Much of the remainder of the collection is devoted to Caldwell's business interests in Roanoke. The collection contains little that relates to the Walker and Caldwell law partnership and only a few items that do not relate to business or legal activities."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following items were removed from the collection to be added to the Rare Book Collection:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHolden, Edward S. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eA Brief Account of the Lick Observatory of the University of California\u003c/title\u003e. 2nd ed. Sacramento, CA: State Printing Office, 1895. (Call number QB82.U62 L53 1895 Spec Large)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWalker, Jame A. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAddress Delivered in Richmond, Virginia, on the 30th of June, 1892, at the Unveiling of the Monument to Lieutenant General A. P. Hill.\u003c/title\u003e [Wytheville, VA: Enterprise Job Office, 1892?] (Call number E467.H55 W25 1892 Spec Civil War)\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The following items were removed from the collection to be added to the Rare Book Collection:","Holden, Edward S.  A Brief Account of the Lick Observatory of the University of California . 2nd ed. Sacramento, CA: State Printing Office, 1895. (Call number QB82.U62 L53 1895 Spec Large)","Walker, Jame A.  Address Delivered in Richmond, Virginia, on the 30th of June, 1892, at the Unveiling of the Monument to Lieutenant General A. P. Hill.  [Wytheville, VA: Enterprise Job Office, 1892?] (Call number E467.H55 W25 1892 Spec Civil War)"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1537cb5062293fd6d55d8ee1856e6cc3\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains the papers of Manley Morrison Caldwell, an attorney in Wytheville and Roanoke, Virginia, and his law partner and father-in-law, James A. Walker, consisting largely of Caldwell's professional legal and business papers and documents gathered and created by him in the course of acting as the executor of Walker's will.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains the papers of Manley Morrison Caldwell, an attorney in Wytheville and Roanoke, Virginia, and his law partner and father-in-law, James A. Walker, consisting largely of Caldwell's professional legal and business papers and documents gathered and created by him in the course of acting as the executor of Walker's will."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Walker and Caldwell (Wytheville, Va.)","Caldwell, Manly M., 1861-1940","Walker, James A., 1832-1901"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Walker and Caldwell (Wytheville, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Caldwell, Manly M., 1861-1940","Walker, James A., 1832-1901"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":80,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:30:56.100Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1287"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2937","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers,","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2937#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers collection includes 26 ledgers divided that account for the business of John E. Criser, J. S. Kelley, Blakey and Hamilton Co., and Yancey and Faulkner, as well as others in and around the town of Warm Springs. Ledgers date from 1884-1942, but the majority are from 1900-1920. The various companies appear to have done assorted business with each other as they appear sporadically in each other's ledgers.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2937#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2937","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2937","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2937","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2937","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2937.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers","title_ssm":["Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers,"],"title_tesim":["Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers,"],"unitdate_ssm":["1890-1942","1900-1920"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1900-1920"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1890-1942"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2014.003"],"text":["Ms.2014.003","Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers,","Bath County (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Collection is open for research.","This collection is divided into two boxes containing one series each:","Series I: Hamilon Ledgers: Boxes 1-2 contain 8 ledgers sharing some relation with \"J. W. Hamilton\" that document farm and livery record keeping.  Such businesses involving Hamilton include \"Blakely, Hamilton and Co. Independent Livery\", \"Hamilton and Wright\", and \"J. W. Hamilton, Warm Springs Livery Acct.\"  This series ranges from 1900-1918.","Series II: Other Ledgers and Daybooks: Boxes 3-4 contain the remaining 18 ledgers in the collection that include an assortment of daybooks, records, and ledgers pertaining to a variety of personnel from Warm Springs, primarily John E. Criser.  Criser's ledgers document his farm business including wages owed to workers, prices for items bought and sold, and other business happenings.  This series ranges from 1890-1942 with the majority of ledgers documenting from 1900-1920.","The Blakely and Hamilton Livery appeared to be a prominent business in Warm Springs, VA. The ledger books are very detailed  and indicate a booming business in the early 20th century.  The first \"Day Book\" in the collection dated Aug. 27th, 1914 includes historical information on a wide range of topics: list of Presidents, \"In Case of Accidents\" procedure, \"Antidotes for Poisons\", Legal Weights: Pounds per Bushel of items, Domestic Weights and Measures, Business Law in Daily Use, Quantity of Seed Required to Plant an Acre, Interest Laws and Statutes of Limitations, Weight per Bushel of Grain, Etc., Carrying Capacity of a Freight Car, Short Method for Calculating Interest, and Compound Interest on One Dollar for 100 Years.","Very little information could be found about John E. Criser, the owner of most of the ledgers in Series II, but his grave was found in Warm Springs, Bath County, Virginia.  He was born on July 21, 1877 and died on December 9, 1940, dating him at about 30-40 years old when these ledgers were kept.  He was married to Myrtle B. Criser (1876-1953).","Lastly, the Day Book highlighting the 116th Infantry provides much historical information about the formation of Infantry Divisions in Virginia during World War I as well as information on popular culture of the time including songs, dances, books, etc.  The 29th Infantry Division, of which the 116th infantry was a member, was deployed to France as part of the American Expeditionary Force during World War I.  They were nicknamed \"The Blue and Gray\" because the division comprised of soldiers from both previously Union and Confederate states.","Sources:\n Record of \"Hot Springs Automobile and Livery Co., Inc., Hot Springs, Va...July 22, 1909\" John E. Criser","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers was completed in May 2014.","The Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers collection includes 26 ledgers divided that account for the business of John E. Criser, J. S. Kelley, Blakey and Hamilton Co., and Yancey and Faulkner, as well as others in and around the town of Warm Springs. Ledgers date from 1884-1942, but the majority are from 1900-1920. The various companies appear to have done assorted business with each other as they appear sporadically in each other's ledgers.","This collection of ledgers documents small businesses from the late 19th century to the 20th century.  The records provide insight not only to the businesses themselves but also a generalization of how business was run, prices for individual items, types of things a business would sell, etc. In addition to the records themselves, many of the items contain other pieces of information of importance to the businesses:  wage earnings, population and demographic statistics, currency, tax returns, etc.  ","Several of the daybooks also historical information on a variety of topics, including general and local history. One daybook has documentation of the 116th infantry and the members of the \"Federal Street Bunch\" from Petersburg.  From information gathered, this \"Bunch\" was a company from Petersburg, VA with members from across the state that joined the 116th U.S. Infantry, party of the 29th Infantry Division during the first World War. Another daybook contains biographical details of about 20 boys including age, birth place, popular songs, dances, books, sayings, etc. of that time period.  ","Permission to publish material from Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","The Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers collection includes 26 ledgers divided that account for the business of John E. Criser, J. S. Kelley, Blakey and Hamilton Co., and Yancey and Faulkner, as well as others in and around the town of Warm Springs. Ledgers date from 1884-1942, but the majority are from 1900-1920. The various companies appear to have done assorted business with each other as they appear sporadically in each other's ledgers.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Hamilton, J. W. (Warm Springs, Va)","Criser, John E., 1877-1940 (Warm Springs, VA)","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2014.003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers,"],"collection_title_tesim":["Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers,"],"collection_ssim":["Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers,"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Bath County (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Bath County (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Bath County (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Warm Springs, Virginia,  Ledgers were purchased by Special Collections 2014."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.2 Cubic Feet 4 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.2 Cubic Feet 4 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is divided into two boxes containing one series each:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Hamilon Ledgers: Boxes 1-2 contain 8 ledgers sharing some relation with \"J. W. Hamilton\" that document farm and livery record keeping.  Such businesses involving Hamilton include \"Blakely, Hamilton and Co. Independent Livery\", \"Hamilton and Wright\", and \"J. W. Hamilton, Warm Springs Livery Acct.\"  This series ranges from 1900-1918.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Other Ledgers and Daybooks: Boxes 3-4 contain the remaining 18 ledgers in the collection that include an assortment of daybooks, records, and ledgers pertaining to a variety of personnel from Warm Springs, primarily John E. Criser.  Criser's ledgers document his farm business including wages owed to workers, prices for items bought and sold, and other business happenings.  This series ranges from 1890-1942 with the majority of ledgers documenting from 1900-1920.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is divided into two boxes containing one series each:","Series I: Hamilon Ledgers: Boxes 1-2 contain 8 ledgers sharing some relation with \"J. W. Hamilton\" that document farm and livery record keeping.  Such businesses involving Hamilton include \"Blakely, Hamilton and Co. Independent Livery\", \"Hamilton and Wright\", and \"J. W. Hamilton, Warm Springs Livery Acct.\"  This series ranges from 1900-1918.","Series II: Other Ledgers and Daybooks: Boxes 3-4 contain the remaining 18 ledgers in the collection that include an assortment of daybooks, records, and ledgers pertaining to a variety of personnel from Warm Springs, primarily John E. Criser.  Criser's ledgers document his farm business including wages owed to workers, prices for items bought and sold, and other business happenings.  This series ranges from 1890-1942 with the majority of ledgers documenting from 1900-1920."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Blakely and Hamilton Livery appeared to be a prominent business in Warm Springs, VA. The ledger books are very detailed  and indicate a booming business in the early 20th century.  The first \"Day Book\" in the collection dated Aug. 27th, 1914 includes historical information on a wide range of topics: list of Presidents, \"In Case of Accidents\" procedure, \"Antidotes for Poisons\", Legal Weights: Pounds per Bushel of items, Domestic Weights and Measures, Business Law in Daily Use, Quantity of Seed Required to Plant an Acre, Interest Laws and Statutes of Limitations, Weight per Bushel of Grain, Etc., Carrying Capacity of a Freight Car, Short Method for Calculating Interest, and Compound Interest on One Dollar for 100 Years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVery little information could be found about John E. Criser, the owner of most of the ledgers in Series II, but his grave was found in Warm Springs, Bath County, Virginia.  He was born on July 21, 1877 and died on December 9, 1940, dating him at about 30-40 years old when these ledgers were kept.  He was married to Myrtle B. Criser (1876-1953).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLastly, the Day Book highlighting the 116th Infantry provides much historical information about the formation of Infantry Divisions in Virginia during World War I as well as information on popular culture of the time including songs, dances, books, etc.  The 29th Infantry Division, of which the 116th infantry was a member, was deployed to France as part of the American Expeditionary Force during World War I.  They were nicknamed \"The Blue and Gray\" because the division comprised of soldiers from both previously Union and Confederate states.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\n\u003ca actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://books.google.com/books?id=-5Y4AQAAMAAJ\u0026amp;pg=PA334\u0026amp;lpg=PA334\u0026amp;dq=warm+springs+virginia+livery\u0026amp;source=bl\u0026amp;ots=BdJODy7iqB\u0026amp;sig=TUqXwXM14SlU5E0HxMfhxr1peoA\u0026amp;hl=en\u0026amp;sa=X\u0026amp;ei=IlNZU7eFMeTjsASz6IKACQ\u0026amp;ved=0CGsQ6AEwCw#v=onepage\u0026amp;q=warm%20springs%20virginia%20livery\u0026amp;f=false\" show=\"new\"\u003eRecord of \"Hot Springs Automobile and Livery Co., Inc., Hot Springs, Va...July 22, 1909\"\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003ca actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"-http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr\u0026amp;GSln=Criser\u0026amp;GSiman=1\u0026amp;GScid=52569\u0026amp;GRid=43039247\u0026amp;\" show=\"embed\" title=\"John E. Criser\"\u003eJohn E. Criser\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Blakely and Hamilton Livery appeared to be a prominent business in Warm Springs, VA. The ledger books are very detailed  and indicate a booming business in the early 20th century.  The first \"Day Book\" in the collection dated Aug. 27th, 1914 includes historical information on a wide range of topics: list of Presidents, \"In Case of Accidents\" procedure, \"Antidotes for Poisons\", Legal Weights: Pounds per Bushel of items, Domestic Weights and Measures, Business Law in Daily Use, Quantity of Seed Required to Plant an Acre, Interest Laws and Statutes of Limitations, Weight per Bushel of Grain, Etc., Carrying Capacity of a Freight Car, Short Method for Calculating Interest, and Compound Interest on One Dollar for 100 Years.","Very little information could be found about John E. Criser, the owner of most of the ledgers in Series II, but his grave was found in Warm Springs, Bath County, Virginia.  He was born on July 21, 1877 and died on December 9, 1940, dating him at about 30-40 years old when these ledgers were kept.  He was married to Myrtle B. Criser (1876-1953).","Lastly, the Day Book highlighting the 116th Infantry provides much historical information about the formation of Infantry Divisions in Virginia during World War I as well as information on popular culture of the time including songs, dances, books, etc.  The 29th Infantry Division, of which the 116th infantry was a member, was deployed to France as part of the American Expeditionary Force during World War I.  They were nicknamed \"The Blue and Gray\" because the division comprised of soldiers from both previously Union and Confederate states.","Sources:\n Record of \"Hot Springs Automobile and Livery Co., Inc., Hot Springs, Va...July 22, 1909\" John E. Criser"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers, Ms2014-003, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers, Ms2014-003, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers was completed in May 2014.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers was completed in May 2014."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers collection includes 26 ledgers divided that account for the business of John E. Criser, J. S. Kelley, Blakey and Hamilton Co., and Yancey and Faulkner, as well as others in and around the town of Warm Springs. Ledgers date from 1884-1942, but the majority are from 1900-1920. The various companies appear to have done assorted business with each other as they appear sporadically in each other's ledgers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection of ledgers documents small businesses from the late 19th century to the 20th century.  The records provide insight not only to the businesses themselves but also a generalization of how business was run, prices for individual items, types of things a business would sell, etc. In addition to the records themselves, many of the items contain other pieces of information of importance to the businesses:  wage earnings, population and demographic statistics, currency, tax returns, etc.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeveral of the daybooks also historical information on a variety of topics, including general and local history. One daybook has documentation of the 116th infantry and the members of the \"Federal Street Bunch\" from Petersburg.  From information gathered, this \"Bunch\" was a company from Petersburg, VA with members from across the state that joined the 116th U.S. Infantry, party of the 29th Infantry Division during the first World War. Another daybook contains biographical details of about 20 boys including age, birth place, popular songs, dances, books, sayings, etc. of that time period.  \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers collection includes 26 ledgers divided that account for the business of John E. Criser, J. S. Kelley, Blakey and Hamilton Co., and Yancey and Faulkner, as well as others in and around the town of Warm Springs. Ledgers date from 1884-1942, but the majority are from 1900-1920. The various companies appear to have done assorted business with each other as they appear sporadically in each other's ledgers.","This collection of ledgers documents small businesses from the late 19th century to the 20th century.  The records provide insight not only to the businesses themselves but also a generalization of how business was run, prices for individual items, types of things a business would sell, etc. In addition to the records themselves, many of the items contain other pieces of information of importance to the businesses:  wage earnings, population and demographic statistics, currency, tax returns, etc.  ","Several of the daybooks also historical information on a variety of topics, including general and local history. One daybook has documentation of the 116th infantry and the members of the \"Federal Street Bunch\" from Petersburg.  From information gathered, this \"Bunch\" was a company from Petersburg, VA with members from across the state that joined the 116th U.S. Infantry, party of the 29th Infantry Division during the first World War. Another daybook contains biographical details of about 20 boys including age, birth place, popular songs, dances, books, sayings, etc. of that time period.  "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_372f846ca54ee474a16cb4c55033871c\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers collection includes 26 ledgers divided that account for the business of John E. Criser, J. S. Kelley, Blakey and Hamilton Co., and Yancey and Faulkner, as well as others in and around the town of Warm Springs. Ledgers date from 1884-1942, but the majority are from 1900-1920. The various companies appear to have done assorted business with each other as they appear sporadically in each other's ledgers.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers collection includes 26 ledgers divided that account for the business of John E. Criser, J. S. Kelley, Blakey and Hamilton Co., and Yancey and Faulkner, as well as others in and around the town of Warm Springs. Ledgers date from 1884-1942, but the majority are from 1900-1920. The various companies appear to have done assorted business with each other as they appear sporadically in each other's ledgers."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Hamilton, J. W. (Warm Springs, Va)","Criser, John E., 1877-1940 (Warm Springs, VA)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Hamilton, J. W. (Warm Springs, Va)","Criser, John E., 1877-1940 (Warm Springs, VA)"],"persname_ssim":["Hamilton, J. W. (Warm Springs, Va)","Criser, John E., 1877-1940 (Warm Springs, VA)"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:14:59.217Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2937","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2937","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2937","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2937","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2937.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers","title_ssm":["Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers,"],"title_tesim":["Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers,"],"unitdate_ssm":["1890-1942","1900-1920"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1900-1920"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1890-1942"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2014.003"],"text":["Ms.2014.003","Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers,","Bath County (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Collection is open for research.","This collection is divided into two boxes containing one series each:","Series I: Hamilon Ledgers: Boxes 1-2 contain 8 ledgers sharing some relation with \"J. W. Hamilton\" that document farm and livery record keeping.  Such businesses involving Hamilton include \"Blakely, Hamilton and Co. Independent Livery\", \"Hamilton and Wright\", and \"J. W. Hamilton, Warm Springs Livery Acct.\"  This series ranges from 1900-1918.","Series II: Other Ledgers and Daybooks: Boxes 3-4 contain the remaining 18 ledgers in the collection that include an assortment of daybooks, records, and ledgers pertaining to a variety of personnel from Warm Springs, primarily John E. Criser.  Criser's ledgers document his farm business including wages owed to workers, prices for items bought and sold, and other business happenings.  This series ranges from 1890-1942 with the majority of ledgers documenting from 1900-1920.","The Blakely and Hamilton Livery appeared to be a prominent business in Warm Springs, VA. The ledger books are very detailed  and indicate a booming business in the early 20th century.  The first \"Day Book\" in the collection dated Aug. 27th, 1914 includes historical information on a wide range of topics: list of Presidents, \"In Case of Accidents\" procedure, \"Antidotes for Poisons\", Legal Weights: Pounds per Bushel of items, Domestic Weights and Measures, Business Law in Daily Use, Quantity of Seed Required to Plant an Acre, Interest Laws and Statutes of Limitations, Weight per Bushel of Grain, Etc., Carrying Capacity of a Freight Car, Short Method for Calculating Interest, and Compound Interest on One Dollar for 100 Years.","Very little information could be found about John E. Criser, the owner of most of the ledgers in Series II, but his grave was found in Warm Springs, Bath County, Virginia.  He was born on July 21, 1877 and died on December 9, 1940, dating him at about 30-40 years old when these ledgers were kept.  He was married to Myrtle B. Criser (1876-1953).","Lastly, the Day Book highlighting the 116th Infantry provides much historical information about the formation of Infantry Divisions in Virginia during World War I as well as information on popular culture of the time including songs, dances, books, etc.  The 29th Infantry Division, of which the 116th infantry was a member, was deployed to France as part of the American Expeditionary Force during World War I.  They were nicknamed \"The Blue and Gray\" because the division comprised of soldiers from both previously Union and Confederate states.","Sources:\n Record of \"Hot Springs Automobile and Livery Co., Inc., Hot Springs, Va...July 22, 1909\" John E. Criser","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers was completed in May 2014.","The Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers collection includes 26 ledgers divided that account for the business of John E. Criser, J. S. Kelley, Blakey and Hamilton Co., and Yancey and Faulkner, as well as others in and around the town of Warm Springs. Ledgers date from 1884-1942, but the majority are from 1900-1920. The various companies appear to have done assorted business with each other as they appear sporadically in each other's ledgers.","This collection of ledgers documents small businesses from the late 19th century to the 20th century.  The records provide insight not only to the businesses themselves but also a generalization of how business was run, prices for individual items, types of things a business would sell, etc. In addition to the records themselves, many of the items contain other pieces of information of importance to the businesses:  wage earnings, population and demographic statistics, currency, tax returns, etc.  ","Several of the daybooks also historical information on a variety of topics, including general and local history. One daybook has documentation of the 116th infantry and the members of the \"Federal Street Bunch\" from Petersburg.  From information gathered, this \"Bunch\" was a company from Petersburg, VA with members from across the state that joined the 116th U.S. Infantry, party of the 29th Infantry Division during the first World War. Another daybook contains biographical details of about 20 boys including age, birth place, popular songs, dances, books, sayings, etc. of that time period.  ","Permission to publish material from Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","The Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers collection includes 26 ledgers divided that account for the business of John E. Criser, J. S. Kelley, Blakey and Hamilton Co., and Yancey and Faulkner, as well as others in and around the town of Warm Springs. Ledgers date from 1884-1942, but the majority are from 1900-1920. The various companies appear to have done assorted business with each other as they appear sporadically in each other's ledgers.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Hamilton, J. W. (Warm Springs, Va)","Criser, John E., 1877-1940 (Warm Springs, VA)","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2014.003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers,"],"collection_title_tesim":["Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers,"],"collection_ssim":["Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers,"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Bath County (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Bath County (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Bath County (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Warm Springs, Virginia,  Ledgers were purchased by Special Collections 2014."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.2 Cubic Feet 4 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.2 Cubic Feet 4 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is divided into two boxes containing one series each:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Hamilon Ledgers: Boxes 1-2 contain 8 ledgers sharing some relation with \"J. W. Hamilton\" that document farm and livery record keeping.  Such businesses involving Hamilton include \"Blakely, Hamilton and Co. Independent Livery\", \"Hamilton and Wright\", and \"J. W. Hamilton, Warm Springs Livery Acct.\"  This series ranges from 1900-1918.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Other Ledgers and Daybooks: Boxes 3-4 contain the remaining 18 ledgers in the collection that include an assortment of daybooks, records, and ledgers pertaining to a variety of personnel from Warm Springs, primarily John E. Criser.  Criser's ledgers document his farm business including wages owed to workers, prices for items bought and sold, and other business happenings.  This series ranges from 1890-1942 with the majority of ledgers documenting from 1900-1920.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is divided into two boxes containing one series each:","Series I: Hamilon Ledgers: Boxes 1-2 contain 8 ledgers sharing some relation with \"J. W. Hamilton\" that document farm and livery record keeping.  Such businesses involving Hamilton include \"Blakely, Hamilton and Co. Independent Livery\", \"Hamilton and Wright\", and \"J. W. Hamilton, Warm Springs Livery Acct.\"  This series ranges from 1900-1918.","Series II: Other Ledgers and Daybooks: Boxes 3-4 contain the remaining 18 ledgers in the collection that include an assortment of daybooks, records, and ledgers pertaining to a variety of personnel from Warm Springs, primarily John E. Criser.  Criser's ledgers document his farm business including wages owed to workers, prices for items bought and sold, and other business happenings.  This series ranges from 1890-1942 with the majority of ledgers documenting from 1900-1920."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Blakely and Hamilton Livery appeared to be a prominent business in Warm Springs, VA. The ledger books are very detailed  and indicate a booming business in the early 20th century.  The first \"Day Book\" in the collection dated Aug. 27th, 1914 includes historical information on a wide range of topics: list of Presidents, \"In Case of Accidents\" procedure, \"Antidotes for Poisons\", Legal Weights: Pounds per Bushel of items, Domestic Weights and Measures, Business Law in Daily Use, Quantity of Seed Required to Plant an Acre, Interest Laws and Statutes of Limitations, Weight per Bushel of Grain, Etc., Carrying Capacity of a Freight Car, Short Method for Calculating Interest, and Compound Interest on One Dollar for 100 Years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVery little information could be found about John E. Criser, the owner of most of the ledgers in Series II, but his grave was found in Warm Springs, Bath County, Virginia.  He was born on July 21, 1877 and died on December 9, 1940, dating him at about 30-40 years old when these ledgers were kept.  He was married to Myrtle B. Criser (1876-1953).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLastly, the Day Book highlighting the 116th Infantry provides much historical information about the formation of Infantry Divisions in Virginia during World War I as well as information on popular culture of the time including songs, dances, books, etc.  The 29th Infantry Division, of which the 116th infantry was a member, was deployed to France as part of the American Expeditionary Force during World War I.  They were nicknamed \"The Blue and Gray\" because the division comprised of soldiers from both previously Union and Confederate states.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\n\u003ca actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://books.google.com/books?id=-5Y4AQAAMAAJ\u0026amp;pg=PA334\u0026amp;lpg=PA334\u0026amp;dq=warm+springs+virginia+livery\u0026amp;source=bl\u0026amp;ots=BdJODy7iqB\u0026amp;sig=TUqXwXM14SlU5E0HxMfhxr1peoA\u0026amp;hl=en\u0026amp;sa=X\u0026amp;ei=IlNZU7eFMeTjsASz6IKACQ\u0026amp;ved=0CGsQ6AEwCw#v=onepage\u0026amp;q=warm%20springs%20virginia%20livery\u0026amp;f=false\" show=\"new\"\u003eRecord of \"Hot Springs Automobile and Livery Co., Inc., Hot Springs, Va...July 22, 1909\"\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003ca actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"-http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr\u0026amp;GSln=Criser\u0026amp;GSiman=1\u0026amp;GScid=52569\u0026amp;GRid=43039247\u0026amp;\" show=\"embed\" title=\"John E. Criser\"\u003eJohn E. Criser\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Blakely and Hamilton Livery appeared to be a prominent business in Warm Springs, VA. The ledger books are very detailed  and indicate a booming business in the early 20th century.  The first \"Day Book\" in the collection dated Aug. 27th, 1914 includes historical information on a wide range of topics: list of Presidents, \"In Case of Accidents\" procedure, \"Antidotes for Poisons\", Legal Weights: Pounds per Bushel of items, Domestic Weights and Measures, Business Law in Daily Use, Quantity of Seed Required to Plant an Acre, Interest Laws and Statutes of Limitations, Weight per Bushel of Grain, Etc., Carrying Capacity of a Freight Car, Short Method for Calculating Interest, and Compound Interest on One Dollar for 100 Years.","Very little information could be found about John E. Criser, the owner of most of the ledgers in Series II, but his grave was found in Warm Springs, Bath County, Virginia.  He was born on July 21, 1877 and died on December 9, 1940, dating him at about 30-40 years old when these ledgers were kept.  He was married to Myrtle B. Criser (1876-1953).","Lastly, the Day Book highlighting the 116th Infantry provides much historical information about the formation of Infantry Divisions in Virginia during World War I as well as information on popular culture of the time including songs, dances, books, etc.  The 29th Infantry Division, of which the 116th infantry was a member, was deployed to France as part of the American Expeditionary Force during World War I.  They were nicknamed \"The Blue and Gray\" because the division comprised of soldiers from both previously Union and Confederate states.","Sources:\n Record of \"Hot Springs Automobile and Livery Co., Inc., Hot Springs, Va...July 22, 1909\" John E. Criser"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers, Ms2014-003, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers, Ms2014-003, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers was completed in May 2014.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers was completed in May 2014."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers collection includes 26 ledgers divided that account for the business of John E. Criser, J. S. Kelley, Blakey and Hamilton Co., and Yancey and Faulkner, as well as others in and around the town of Warm Springs. Ledgers date from 1884-1942, but the majority are from 1900-1920. The various companies appear to have done assorted business with each other as they appear sporadically in each other's ledgers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection of ledgers documents small businesses from the late 19th century to the 20th century.  The records provide insight not only to the businesses themselves but also a generalization of how business was run, prices for individual items, types of things a business would sell, etc. In addition to the records themselves, many of the items contain other pieces of information of importance to the businesses:  wage earnings, population and demographic statistics, currency, tax returns, etc.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeveral of the daybooks also historical information on a variety of topics, including general and local history. One daybook has documentation of the 116th infantry and the members of the \"Federal Street Bunch\" from Petersburg.  From information gathered, this \"Bunch\" was a company from Petersburg, VA with members from across the state that joined the 116th U.S. Infantry, party of the 29th Infantry Division during the first World War. Another daybook contains biographical details of about 20 boys including age, birth place, popular songs, dances, books, sayings, etc. of that time period.  \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers collection includes 26 ledgers divided that account for the business of John E. Criser, J. S. Kelley, Blakey and Hamilton Co., and Yancey and Faulkner, as well as others in and around the town of Warm Springs. Ledgers date from 1884-1942, but the majority are from 1900-1920. The various companies appear to have done assorted business with each other as they appear sporadically in each other's ledgers.","This collection of ledgers documents small businesses from the late 19th century to the 20th century.  The records provide insight not only to the businesses themselves but also a generalization of how business was run, prices for individual items, types of things a business would sell, etc. In addition to the records themselves, many of the items contain other pieces of information of importance to the businesses:  wage earnings, population and demographic statistics, currency, tax returns, etc.  ","Several of the daybooks also historical information on a variety of topics, including general and local history. One daybook has documentation of the 116th infantry and the members of the \"Federal Street Bunch\" from Petersburg.  From information gathered, this \"Bunch\" was a company from Petersburg, VA with members from across the state that joined the 116th U.S. Infantry, party of the 29th Infantry Division during the first World War. Another daybook contains biographical details of about 20 boys including age, birth place, popular songs, dances, books, sayings, etc. of that time period.  "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_372f846ca54ee474a16cb4c55033871c\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers collection includes 26 ledgers divided that account for the business of John E. Criser, J. S. Kelley, Blakey and Hamilton Co., and Yancey and Faulkner, as well as others in and around the town of Warm Springs. Ledgers date from 1884-1942, but the majority are from 1900-1920. The various companies appear to have done assorted business with each other as they appear sporadically in each other's ledgers.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Warm Springs, Virginia, Ledgers collection includes 26 ledgers divided that account for the business of John E. Criser, J. S. Kelley, Blakey and Hamilton Co., and Yancey and Faulkner, as well as others in and around the town of Warm Springs. Ledgers date from 1884-1942, but the majority are from 1900-1920. The various companies appear to have done assorted business with each other as they appear sporadically in each other's ledgers."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Hamilton, J. W. (Warm Springs, Va)","Criser, John E., 1877-1940 (Warm Springs, VA)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Hamilton, J. W. (Warm Springs, Va)","Criser, John E., 1877-1940 (Warm Springs, VA)"],"persname_ssim":["Hamilton, J. W. (Warm Springs, Va)","Criser, John E., 1877-1940 (Warm Springs, VA)"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:14:59.217Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2937"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2707","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Washington County, VA Daybook,","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2707#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Washington County, VA Daybook contains names, items, and prices from an unidentified business.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2707#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2707","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2707","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2707","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2707","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2707.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Washington County, VA Daybook","title_ssm":["Washington County, VA Daybook,"],"title_tesim":["Washington County, VA Daybook,"],"unitdate_ssm":["1896"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1896"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2011.068"],"text":["Ms.2011.068","Washington County, VA Daybook,","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","1 folder; 0.1 cu.ft.","Collection is open for research.","Collection is arranged by material type.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Washington County, VA Daybook was completed in August 2011.","Daybook contains a chronological listing of names, prices, and purchases of various items including food stuffs, tobacco, and shoes.  All entries date from 1896.  The owner and type of business for this daybook are unknown.","The area of origin was inferred based upon names searched in the 1900 census records.","Permission to publish material from Washington County, VA Daybook must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","Washington County, VA Daybook contains names, items, and prices from an unidentified business.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2011.068"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Washington County, VA Daybook,"],"collection_title_tesim":["Washington County, VA Daybook,"],"collection_ssim":["Washington County, VA Daybook,"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from Washington County, VA Daybook must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 folder; 0.1 cu.ft."],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1896],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Collection is arranged by material type."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Washington County, VA Daybook, Ms2011-068, Special Collections, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Washington County, VA Daybook, Ms2011-068, Special Collections, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Washington County, VA Daybook was completed in August 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Washington County, VA Daybook was completed in August 2011."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDaybook contains a chronological listing of names, prices, and purchases of various items including food stuffs, tobacco, and shoes.  All entries date from 1896.  The owner and type of business for this daybook are unknown.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe area of origin was inferred based upon names searched in the 1900 census records.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Daybook contains a chronological listing of names, prices, and purchases of various items including food stuffs, tobacco, and shoes.  All entries date from 1896.  The owner and type of business for this daybook are unknown.","The area of origin was inferred based upon names searched in the 1900 census records."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from Washington County, VA Daybook must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from Washington County, VA Daybook must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_26bbf3f0927f3588dab05a43c4ea2f72\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eWashington County, VA Daybook contains names, items, and prices from an unidentified business.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Washington County, VA Daybook contains names, items, and prices from an unidentified business."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:20:14.434Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2707","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2707","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2707","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2707","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2707.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Washington County, VA Daybook","title_ssm":["Washington County, VA Daybook,"],"title_tesim":["Washington County, VA Daybook,"],"unitdate_ssm":["1896"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1896"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2011.068"],"text":["Ms.2011.068","Washington County, VA Daybook,","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","1 folder; 0.1 cu.ft.","Collection is open for research.","Collection is arranged by material type.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Washington County, VA Daybook was completed in August 2011.","Daybook contains a chronological listing of names, prices, and purchases of various items including food stuffs, tobacco, and shoes.  All entries date from 1896.  The owner and type of business for this daybook are unknown.","The area of origin was inferred based upon names searched in the 1900 census records.","Permission to publish material from Washington County, VA Daybook must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","Washington County, VA Daybook contains names, items, and prices from an unidentified business.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2011.068"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Washington County, VA Daybook,"],"collection_title_tesim":["Washington County, VA Daybook,"],"collection_ssim":["Washington County, VA Daybook,"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from Washington County, VA Daybook must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 folder; 0.1 cu.ft."],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1896],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Collection is arranged by material type."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Washington County, VA Daybook, Ms2011-068, Special Collections, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Washington County, VA Daybook, Ms2011-068, Special Collections, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Washington County, VA Daybook was completed in August 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Washington County, VA Daybook was completed in August 2011."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDaybook contains a chronological listing of names, prices, and purchases of various items including food stuffs, tobacco, and shoes.  All entries date from 1896.  The owner and type of business for this daybook are unknown.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe area of origin was inferred based upon names searched in the 1900 census records.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Daybook contains a chronological listing of names, prices, and purchases of various items including food stuffs, tobacco, and shoes.  All entries date from 1896.  The owner and type of business for this daybook are unknown.","The area of origin was inferred based upon names searched in the 1900 census records."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from Washington County, VA Daybook must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from Washington County, VA Daybook must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_26bbf3f0927f3588dab05a43c4ea2f72\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eWashington County, VA Daybook contains names, items, and prices from an unidentified business.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Washington County, VA Daybook contains names, items, and prices from an unidentified business."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence contains letters sent to William Buchanan Conway and Julia Thomas Conway from various sources between 1870 and 1920.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3402#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3402","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3402","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3402","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3402","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3402.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Conway, W. B. and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence","title_ssm":["W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["W. B. 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Julia and William were married in 1870 and settled for a time in Blacksburg where William became a surgeon for the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Virginia Tech). They had five children: Daisy, Alfred, William, Archie, and Mary, all of which, except William, reached adulthood. Julia died in 1916. William died in College Park, Georgia, in 1920.","Julia Ellen Thomas was born in 1848 in Blacksburg Virginia the daughter of Colonel William Thomas. Julia and William Buchanan Conway were married in 1870 and settled for a time in Blacksburg where William became a surgeon for the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Virginia Tech). They had five children: Daisy, Alfred, William, Archie, and Mary. Julia died in 1916.","The guide to the W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/) .","The processing, arrangement, and description of the W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence were completed in May 2019.","Julia Thomas Conway and Mary Black Thomas Luster Correspondence (Ms2019-019).  Finding aid available online .\nDr. W. B. Conway and Julia Ellen Thomas Correspondence (Ms2014-015).  Finding aid available online .\nCatlett Conway Correspondence (Ms2012-039).  Finding aid available online .","The W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence contains letters sent to William Buchanan Conway and Julia Thomas Conway from various sources between 1870 and 1920. To W.B. Conway, the letters relate to the New York Stock Market, family and friends updates, the Spanish-American War, and genealogy. To Julia Thomas Conway, the letters concern family updates and her aunt's death.","Permission to publish material from the W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","The W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence contains letters sent to William Buchanan Conway and Julia Thomas Conway from various sources between 1870 and 1920.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Conway, Julia Ellen Thomas, 1848-1916","Conway, William Buchanan, 1845-1920","Letters in this collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2019.018"],"normalized_title_ssm":["W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence"],"collection_title_tesim":["W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence"],"collection_ssim":["W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Conway, Julia Ellen Thomas, 1848-1916","Conway, William Buchanan, 1845-1920"],"creator_ssim":["Conway, Julia Ellen Thomas, 1848-1916","Conway, William Buchanan, 1845-1920"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Conway, Julia Ellen Thomas, 1848-1916","Conway, William Buchanan, 1845-1920"],"creators_ssim":["Conway, Julia Ellen Thomas, 1848-1916","Conway, William Buchanan, 1845-1920"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from the W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The W. B. 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They had five children: Daisy, Alfred, William, Archie, and Mary. Julia died in 1916."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statements for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/) ."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence, Ms2019-018, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence, Ms2019-018, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence were completed in May 2019.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence were completed in May 2019."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJulia Thomas Conway and Mary Black Thomas Luster Correspondence (Ms2019-019). \u003ca href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01994.xml\"\u003eFinding aid available online\u003c/a\u003e.\nDr. W. B. Conway and Julia Ellen Thomas Correspondence (Ms2014-015). \u003ca href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01767.xml\"\u003eFinding aid available online\u003c/a\u003e.\nCatlett Conway Correspondence (Ms2012-039). \u003ca href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01051.xml\"\u003eFinding aid available online\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Julia Thomas Conway and Mary Black Thomas Luster Correspondence (Ms2019-019).  Finding aid available online .\nDr. W. B. Conway and Julia Ellen Thomas Correspondence (Ms2014-015).  Finding aid available online .\nCatlett Conway Correspondence (Ms2012-039).  Finding aid available online ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence contains letters sent to William Buchanan Conway and Julia Thomas Conway from various sources between 1870 and 1920. To W.B. Conway, the letters relate to the New York Stock Market, family and friends updates, the Spanish-American War, and genealogy. To Julia Thomas Conway, the letters concern family updates and her aunt's death.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence contains letters sent to William Buchanan Conway and Julia Thomas Conway from various sources between 1870 and 1920. To W.B. Conway, the letters relate to the New York Stock Market, family and friends updates, the Spanish-American War, and genealogy. To Julia Thomas Conway, the letters concern family updates and her aunt's death."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from the W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from the W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ee03507bac24e265202a809ba91727ae\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence contains letters sent to William Buchanan Conway and Julia Thomas Conway from various sources between 1870 and 1920.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The W. B. 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He then studied at Washington University in Baltimore and graduated in 1869. Upon graduation, he left Baltimore to practice medicine at Mount Vernon Iron Works in Rockingham County, Virginia. Julia and William were married in 1870 and settled for a time in Blacksburg where William became a surgeon for the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Virginia Tech). They had five children: Daisy, Alfred, William, Archie, and Mary, all of which, except William, reached adulthood. Julia died in 1916. William died in College Park, Georgia, in 1920.","Julia Ellen Thomas was born in 1848 in Blacksburg Virginia the daughter of Colonel William Thomas. Julia and William Buchanan Conway were married in 1870 and settled for a time in Blacksburg where William became a surgeon for the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Virginia Tech). They had five children: Daisy, Alfred, William, Archie, and Mary. Julia died in 1916.","The guide to the W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/) .","The processing, arrangement, and description of the W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence were completed in May 2019.","Julia Thomas Conway and Mary Black Thomas Luster Correspondence (Ms2019-019).  Finding aid available online .\nDr. W. B. Conway and Julia Ellen Thomas Correspondence (Ms2014-015).  Finding aid available online .\nCatlett Conway Correspondence (Ms2012-039).  Finding aid available online .","The W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence contains letters sent to William Buchanan Conway and Julia Thomas Conway from various sources between 1870 and 1920. To W.B. Conway, the letters relate to the New York Stock Market, family and friends updates, the Spanish-American War, and genealogy. To Julia Thomas Conway, the letters concern family updates and her aunt's death.","Permission to publish material from the W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","The W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence contains letters sent to William Buchanan Conway and Julia Thomas Conway from various sources between 1870 and 1920.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Conway, Julia Ellen Thomas, 1848-1916","Conway, William Buchanan, 1845-1920","Letters in this collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2019.018"],"normalized_title_ssm":["W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence"],"collection_title_tesim":["W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence"],"collection_ssim":["W. B. 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They had five children: Daisy, Alfred, William, Archie, and Mary. Julia died in 1916."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statements for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/) ."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence, Ms2019-018, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence, Ms2019-018, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence were completed in May 2019.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence were completed in May 2019."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJulia Thomas Conway and Mary Black Thomas Luster Correspondence (Ms2019-019). \u003ca href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01994.xml\"\u003eFinding aid available online\u003c/a\u003e.\nDr. W. B. Conway and Julia Ellen Thomas Correspondence (Ms2014-015). \u003ca href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01767.xml\"\u003eFinding aid available online\u003c/a\u003e.\nCatlett Conway Correspondence (Ms2012-039). \u003ca href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01051.xml\"\u003eFinding aid available online\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Julia Thomas Conway and Mary Black Thomas Luster Correspondence (Ms2019-019).  Finding aid available online .\nDr. W. B. Conway and Julia Ellen Thomas Correspondence (Ms2014-015).  Finding aid available online .\nCatlett Conway Correspondence (Ms2012-039).  Finding aid available online ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence contains letters sent to William Buchanan Conway and Julia Thomas Conway from various sources between 1870 and 1920. To W.B. Conway, the letters relate to the New York Stock Market, family and friends updates, the Spanish-American War, and genealogy. To Julia Thomas Conway, the letters concern family updates and her aunt's death.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence contains letters sent to William Buchanan Conway and Julia Thomas Conway from various sources between 1870 and 1920. To W.B. Conway, the letters relate to the New York Stock Market, family and friends updates, the Spanish-American War, and genealogy. To Julia Thomas Conway, the letters concern family updates and her aunt's death."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from the W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from the W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ee03507bac24e265202a809ba91727ae\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence contains letters sent to William Buchanan Conway and Julia Thomas Conway from various sources between 1870 and 1920.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The W. B. Conway and Julia Thomas Conway Correspondence contains letters sent to William Buchanan Conway and Julia Thomas Conway from various sources between 1870 and 1920."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Conway, Julia Ellen Thomas, 1848-1916","Conway, William Buchanan, 1845-1920"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Conway, Julia Ellen Thomas, 1848-1916","Conway, William Buchanan, 1845-1920"],"language_ssim":["Letters in this collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:12:39.199Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3402"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3170","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3170#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Western Lunatic Asylum Collection includes correspondence written to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, dating from 1840 through the late 19th century, as well as annual reports from the 1860s and 1900s.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3170#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3170","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3170","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3170","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3170","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3170.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection","title_ssm":["Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection"],"title_tesim":["Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1840-1903","1840-1868"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1840-1868"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1840-1903"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2016.021"],"text":["Ms.2016.021","Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection","Staunton (Va.)","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Health","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Medicine","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into two series, Correspondence and Annual reports, which are each arranged in chronological order.","Originally called the Western State Lunatic Asylum, the Western Lunatic Asylum was a hospital for the mentally ill in Staunton, Virginia, opening in 1828. In its early years, the institution was a resort-style asylum, directed under Dr. Francis T. Stribling. Dr. Stribling promoted a clean, healthy, and kind atmosphere that would aid in the healing process of his patients. While Dr. Stribling was the director of the hospital, patients were well cared for and treated with respect.","This model of care vanished in the 1900s, replaced by the overcrowding and the warehousing of patients. Techniques such as physical restraints and straitjackets were then used. After the passage of the Eugenical Sterilization Act of 1924 in Virginia, patients at the Western Lunatic Asylum were sterilized (sometimes forcibly) under the authorization of Joseph DeJarnette, a noted eugenicist. He was the director of the hospital from 1905 to 1943, implementing much stricter and harsher practices than his predecessor. Electroshock therapy and lobotomies were also practiced at the institution.","The hospital moved to its present site off of Interstate 81, and the property remained vacated until it was converted in the 1970s into the Staunton Correctional Center, a men's penitentiary. The prison closed in 2003, and the site was then left vacant again for several years. In 2005, the state of Virginia gave the property to the Staunton Industrial Authority, and the facility has now been converted into condominiums called The Villages at Staunton.","The guide to the Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Western Lunatic Asylum Collection was completed in December 2016. Additional arrangement and description was completed in April 2018. The 2018 and 2019 accessions were processed on a rolling basis and the finding aid was updated in June 2019 and July 2021.","The Western Lunatic Asylum Collection includes correspondence written to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, dating from 1840 to about 1870, as well as final year reports from 1862 and 1903. The correspondece relates to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, and most of the letters are written to Dr. Francis T. Stribling, the director of the Western Lunatic Asylum, by family members of patients concerning their care.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Western Lunatic Asylum Collection includes correspondence written to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, dating from 1840 through the late 19th century, as well as annual reports from the 1860s and 1900s.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Western Lunatic Asylum (Va.)","Stribling, Francis T.  (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2016.021"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Staunton (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Staunton (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Staunton (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection was purchased in three separate accession between August and November of 2016. Additional materials were acquired in 2017, 2018, and 2019. Additional letters may be received in the future."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Health","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Medicine"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Health","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Medicine"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.6 Cubic Feet 1 box; 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.6 Cubic Feet 1 box; 1 oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into two series, Correspondence and Annual reports, which are each arranged in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into two series, Correspondence and Annual reports, which are each arranged in chronological order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginally called the Western State Lunatic Asylum, the Western Lunatic Asylum was a hospital for the mentally ill in Staunton, Virginia, opening in 1828. In its early years, the institution was a resort-style asylum, directed under Dr. Francis T. Stribling. Dr. Stribling promoted a clean, healthy, and kind atmosphere that would aid in the healing process of his patients. While Dr. Stribling was the director of the hospital, patients were well cared for and treated with respect.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis model of care vanished in the 1900s, replaced by the overcrowding and the warehousing of patients. Techniques such as physical restraints and straitjackets were then used. After the passage of the Eugenical Sterilization Act of 1924 in Virginia, patients at the Western Lunatic Asylum were sterilized (sometimes forcibly) under the authorization of Joseph DeJarnette, a noted eugenicist. He was the director of the hospital from 1905 to 1943, implementing much stricter and harsher practices than his predecessor. Electroshock therapy and lobotomies were also practiced at the institution.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe hospital moved to its present site off of Interstate 81, and the property remained vacated until it was converted in the 1970s into the Staunton Correctional Center, a men's penitentiary. The prison closed in 2003, and the site was then left vacant again for several years. In 2005, the state of Virginia gave the property to the Staunton Industrial Authority, and the facility has now been converted into condominiums called The Villages at Staunton.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["Originally called the Western State Lunatic Asylum, the Western Lunatic Asylum was a hospital for the mentally ill in Staunton, Virginia, opening in 1828. In its early years, the institution was a resort-style asylum, directed under Dr. Francis T. Stribling. Dr. Stribling promoted a clean, healthy, and kind atmosphere that would aid in the healing process of his patients. While Dr. Stribling was the director of the hospital, patients were well cared for and treated with respect.","This model of care vanished in the 1900s, replaced by the overcrowding and the warehousing of patients. Techniques such as physical restraints and straitjackets were then used. After the passage of the Eugenical Sterilization Act of 1924 in Virginia, patients at the Western Lunatic Asylum were sterilized (sometimes forcibly) under the authorization of Joseph DeJarnette, a noted eugenicist. He was the director of the hospital from 1905 to 1943, implementing much stricter and harsher practices than his predecessor. Electroshock therapy and lobotomies were also practiced at the institution.","The hospital moved to its present site off of Interstate 81, and the property remained vacated until it was converted in the 1970s into the Staunton Correctional Center, a men's penitentiary. The prison closed in 2003, and the site was then left vacant again for several years. In 2005, the state of Virginia gave the property to the Staunton Industrial Authority, and the facility has now been converted into condominiums called The Villages at Staunton."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Western Lunatic Asylum Collection, Ms2016-021, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Western Lunatic Asylum Collection, Ms2016-021, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Western Lunatic Asylum Collection was completed in December 2016. Additional arrangement and description was completed in April 2018. The 2018 and 2019 accessions were processed on a rolling basis and the finding aid was updated in June 2019 and July 2021.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Western Lunatic Asylum Collection was completed in December 2016. Additional arrangement and description was completed in April 2018. The 2018 and 2019 accessions were processed on a rolling basis and the finding aid was updated in June 2019 and July 2021."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Western Lunatic Asylum Collection includes correspondence written to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, dating from 1840 to about 1870, as well as final year reports from 1862 and 1903. The correspondece relates to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, and most of the letters are written to Dr. Francis T. Stribling, the director of the Western Lunatic Asylum, by family members of patients concerning their care.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Western Lunatic Asylum Collection includes correspondence written to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, dating from 1840 to about 1870, as well as final year reports from 1862 and 1903. The correspondece relates to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, and most of the letters are written to Dr. Francis T. Stribling, the director of the Western Lunatic Asylum, by family members of patients concerning their care."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_44a8a27bd665e0182ea0c8d96de08626\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Western Lunatic Asylum Collection includes correspondence written to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, dating from 1840 through the late 19th century, as well as annual reports from the 1860s and 1900s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Western Lunatic Asylum Collection includes correspondence written to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, dating from 1840 through the late 19th century, as well as annual reports from the 1860s and 1900s."],"names_coll_ssim":["Western Lunatic Asylum (Va.)","Stribling, Francis T.  (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Western Lunatic Asylum (Va.)","Stribling, Francis T.  (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Western Lunatic Asylum (Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Stribling, Francis T.  (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":18,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:08:02.995Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3170","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3170","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3170","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3170","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3170.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection","title_ssm":["Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection"],"title_tesim":["Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1840-1903","1840-1868"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1840-1868"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1840-1903"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2016.021"],"text":["Ms.2016.021","Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection","Staunton (Va.)","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Health","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Medicine","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into two series, Correspondence and Annual reports, which are each arranged in chronological order.","Originally called the Western State Lunatic Asylum, the Western Lunatic Asylum was a hospital for the mentally ill in Staunton, Virginia, opening in 1828. In its early years, the institution was a resort-style asylum, directed under Dr. Francis T. Stribling. Dr. Stribling promoted a clean, healthy, and kind atmosphere that would aid in the healing process of his patients. While Dr. Stribling was the director of the hospital, patients were well cared for and treated with respect.","This model of care vanished in the 1900s, replaced by the overcrowding and the warehousing of patients. Techniques such as physical restraints and straitjackets were then used. After the passage of the Eugenical Sterilization Act of 1924 in Virginia, patients at the Western Lunatic Asylum were sterilized (sometimes forcibly) under the authorization of Joseph DeJarnette, a noted eugenicist. He was the director of the hospital from 1905 to 1943, implementing much stricter and harsher practices than his predecessor. Electroshock therapy and lobotomies were also practiced at the institution.","The hospital moved to its present site off of Interstate 81, and the property remained vacated until it was converted in the 1970s into the Staunton Correctional Center, a men's penitentiary. The prison closed in 2003, and the site was then left vacant again for several years. In 2005, the state of Virginia gave the property to the Staunton Industrial Authority, and the facility has now been converted into condominiums called The Villages at Staunton.","The guide to the Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Western Lunatic Asylum Collection was completed in December 2016. Additional arrangement and description was completed in April 2018. The 2018 and 2019 accessions were processed on a rolling basis and the finding aid was updated in June 2019 and July 2021.","The Western Lunatic Asylum Collection includes correspondence written to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, dating from 1840 to about 1870, as well as final year reports from 1862 and 1903. The correspondece relates to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, and most of the letters are written to Dr. Francis T. Stribling, the director of the Western Lunatic Asylum, by family members of patients concerning their care.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Western Lunatic Asylum Collection includes correspondence written to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, dating from 1840 through the late 19th century, as well as annual reports from the 1860s and 1900s.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Western Lunatic Asylum (Va.)","Stribling, Francis T.  (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2016.021"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Staunton (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Staunton (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Staunton (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection was purchased in three separate accession between August and November of 2016. Additional materials were acquired in 2017, 2018, and 2019. Additional letters may be received in the future."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Health","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Medicine"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Health","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Medicine"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.6 Cubic Feet 1 box; 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.6 Cubic Feet 1 box; 1 oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into two series, Correspondence and Annual reports, which are each arranged in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into two series, Correspondence and Annual reports, which are each arranged in chronological order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginally called the Western State Lunatic Asylum, the Western Lunatic Asylum was a hospital for the mentally ill in Staunton, Virginia, opening in 1828. In its early years, the institution was a resort-style asylum, directed under Dr. Francis T. Stribling. Dr. Stribling promoted a clean, healthy, and kind atmosphere that would aid in the healing process of his patients. While Dr. Stribling was the director of the hospital, patients were well cared for and treated with respect.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis model of care vanished in the 1900s, replaced by the overcrowding and the warehousing of patients. Techniques such as physical restraints and straitjackets were then used. After the passage of the Eugenical Sterilization Act of 1924 in Virginia, patients at the Western Lunatic Asylum were sterilized (sometimes forcibly) under the authorization of Joseph DeJarnette, a noted eugenicist. He was the director of the hospital from 1905 to 1943, implementing much stricter and harsher practices than his predecessor. Electroshock therapy and lobotomies were also practiced at the institution.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe hospital moved to its present site off of Interstate 81, and the property remained vacated until it was converted in the 1970s into the Staunton Correctional Center, a men's penitentiary. The prison closed in 2003, and the site was then left vacant again for several years. In 2005, the state of Virginia gave the property to the Staunton Industrial Authority, and the facility has now been converted into condominiums called The Villages at Staunton.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["Originally called the Western State Lunatic Asylum, the Western Lunatic Asylum was a hospital for the mentally ill in Staunton, Virginia, opening in 1828. In its early years, the institution was a resort-style asylum, directed under Dr. Francis T. Stribling. Dr. Stribling promoted a clean, healthy, and kind atmosphere that would aid in the healing process of his patients. While Dr. Stribling was the director of the hospital, patients were well cared for and treated with respect.","This model of care vanished in the 1900s, replaced by the overcrowding and the warehousing of patients. Techniques such as physical restraints and straitjackets were then used. After the passage of the Eugenical Sterilization Act of 1924 in Virginia, patients at the Western Lunatic Asylum were sterilized (sometimes forcibly) under the authorization of Joseph DeJarnette, a noted eugenicist. He was the director of the hospital from 1905 to 1943, implementing much stricter and harsher practices than his predecessor. Electroshock therapy and lobotomies were also practiced at the institution.","The hospital moved to its present site off of Interstate 81, and the property remained vacated until it was converted in the 1970s into the Staunton Correctional Center, a men's penitentiary. The prison closed in 2003, and the site was then left vacant again for several years. In 2005, the state of Virginia gave the property to the Staunton Industrial Authority, and the facility has now been converted into condominiums called The Villages at Staunton."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Western Lunatic Asylum Collection, Ms2016-021, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Western Lunatic Asylum Collection, Ms2016-021, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Western Lunatic Asylum Collection was completed in December 2016. Additional arrangement and description was completed in April 2018. The 2018 and 2019 accessions were processed on a rolling basis and the finding aid was updated in June 2019 and July 2021.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Western Lunatic Asylum Collection was completed in December 2016. Additional arrangement and description was completed in April 2018. The 2018 and 2019 accessions were processed on a rolling basis and the finding aid was updated in June 2019 and July 2021."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Western Lunatic Asylum Collection includes correspondence written to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, dating from 1840 to about 1870, as well as final year reports from 1862 and 1903. The correspondece relates to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, and most of the letters are written to Dr. Francis T. Stribling, the director of the Western Lunatic Asylum, by family members of patients concerning their care.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Western Lunatic Asylum Collection includes correspondence written to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, dating from 1840 to about 1870, as well as final year reports from 1862 and 1903. The correspondece relates to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, and most of the letters are written to Dr. Francis T. Stribling, the director of the Western Lunatic Asylum, by family members of patients concerning their care."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_44a8a27bd665e0182ea0c8d96de08626\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Western Lunatic Asylum Collection includes correspondence written to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, dating from 1840 through the late 19th century, as well as annual reports from the 1860s and 1900s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Western Lunatic Asylum Collection includes correspondence written to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, dating from 1840 through the late 19th century, as well as annual reports from the 1860s and 1900s."],"names_coll_ssim":["Western Lunatic Asylum (Va.)","Stribling, Francis T.  (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Western Lunatic Asylum (Va.)","Stribling, Francis T.  (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Western Lunatic Asylum (Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Stribling, Francis T.  (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":18,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:08:02.995Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3170"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1639","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1639#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"West Iron Gate Land Company (Clifton Forge, Va.)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1639#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection includes the accounts and correspondence of West Iron Gate Land Company (successor of Hileman, Waring \u0026amp; Company), a pig iron manufacturer in Clifton Forge (Allegany County), Virginia.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1639#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1639","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1639","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1639","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1639","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1639.xml","title_filing_ssi":"West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers","title_ssm":["West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers"],"title_tesim":["West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1879-1902"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1879-1902"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1989.012"],"text":["Ms.1989.012","West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers","Alleghany County (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Ledgers (account books)","The collection is open for research.","The West Iron Gate Land Company, which operated Callie Iron Furnace in Botetourt County, Virginia, had its origins in Hileman, Cook and Company. The latter company was established during the late 19th century and was dissolved on April 1, 1881, when D. S. Cook and Harris Wilton sold their interest in the company to J. B. Hileman, O. T. Waring, E. J. Waring, and O. Hileman. Under this partnership, the company was reorganized as Hileman, Waring and Company. The new company continued to operate Callie Furnace and was in turn reorganized as the West Iron Gate land Company in 1890.","The guide to the West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers commenced and was completed in January, 2018.","See the following related collections at VT Special Collections and University Archives: ","Octavius Hileman Papers, Ms2008-085","Hileman, Cook and Company Acccount Book, Ms1989-0082","This collection contains ledgers of the West Iron Gate Land Company a Clifton Forge (Alleghany County), Virginia manufacturer of pig iron. Included in the collection are three letter books, all containing letters apparently written by Octavius Hileman on behalf of various incarnations and subsidiaries of the West Iron Gate Land Company. In addition to a letter book from West Iron Gate Land Company, there is a volume from its predecessor, Hileman, Waring and\u0026 Company; and from Hileman and Colburn, which seems to have managed the company's land sales. The collection also contains a ledger recording the payment for lots sold at Iron Gate and an account book for Callie Furnace, detailing income and expenditures.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection includes the accounts and correspondence of West Iron Gate Land Company (successor of Hileman, Waring \u0026 Company), a pig iron manufacturer in Clifton Forge (Allegany County), Virginia.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","West Iron Gate Land Company (Clifton Forge, Va.)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1989.012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers"],"collection_title_tesim":["West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers"],"collection_ssim":["West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Alleghany County (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Alleghany County (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["West Iron Gate Land Company (Clifton Forge, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["West Iron Gate Land Company (Clifton Forge, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Iron Gate Land Company (Clifton Forge, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["West Iron Gate Land Company (Clifton Forge, Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Alleghany County (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers were purchased by Special Collections in 1989."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Ledgers (account books)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Ledgers (account books)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.0 Cubic Feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.0 Cubic Feet 3 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)"],"date_range_isim":[1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe West Iron Gate Land Company, which operated Callie Iron Furnace in Botetourt County, Virginia, had its origins in Hileman, Cook and Company. The latter company was established during the late 19th century and was dissolved on April 1, 1881, when D. S. Cook and Harris Wilton sold their interest in the company to J. B. Hileman, O. T. Waring, E. J. Waring, and O. Hileman. Under this partnership, the company was reorganized as Hileman, Waring and Company. The new company continued to operate Callie Furnace and was in turn reorganized as the West Iron Gate land Company in 1890.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The West Iron Gate Land Company, which operated Callie Iron Furnace in Botetourt County, Virginia, had its origins in Hileman, Cook and Company. The latter company was established during the late 19th century and was dissolved on April 1, 1881, when D. S. Cook and Harris Wilton sold their interest in the company to J. B. Hileman, O. T. Waring, E. J. Waring, and O. Hileman. Under this partnership, the company was reorganized as Hileman, Waring and Company. The new company continued to operate Callie Furnace and was in turn reorganized as the West Iron Gate land Company in 1890."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers, Ms1989-012, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers, Ms1989-012, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers commenced and was completed in January, 2018.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers commenced and was completed in January, 2018."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the following related collections at VT Special Collections and University Archives: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2406.oai_ead.xml\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eOctavius Hileman Papers, Ms2008-085\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1707.oai_ead.xml\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHileman, Cook and Company Acccount Book, Ms1989-0082\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See the following related collections at VT Special Collections and University Archives: ","Octavius Hileman Papers, Ms2008-085","Hileman, Cook and Company Acccount Book, Ms1989-0082"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains ledgers of the West Iron Gate Land Company a Clifton Forge (Alleghany County), Virginia manufacturer of pig iron. Included in the collection are three letter books, all containing letters apparently written by Octavius Hileman on behalf of various incarnations and subsidiaries of the West Iron Gate Land Company. In addition to a letter book from West Iron Gate Land Company, there is a volume from its predecessor, Hileman, Waring and\u0026amp; Company; and from Hileman and Colburn, which seems to have managed the company's land sales. The collection also contains a ledger recording the payment for lots sold at Iron Gate and an account book for Callie Furnace, detailing income and expenditures.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains ledgers of the West Iron Gate Land Company a Clifton Forge (Alleghany County), Virginia manufacturer of pig iron. Included in the collection are three letter books, all containing letters apparently written by Octavius Hileman on behalf of various incarnations and subsidiaries of the West Iron Gate Land Company. In addition to a letter book from West Iron Gate Land Company, there is a volume from its predecessor, Hileman, Waring and\u0026 Company; and from Hileman and Colburn, which seems to have managed the company's land sales. The collection also contains a ledger recording the payment for lots sold at Iron Gate and an account book for Callie Furnace, detailing income and expenditures."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f939df9430afe97536649c9b393f0526\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection includes the accounts and correspondence of West Iron Gate Land Company (successor of Hileman, Waring \u0026amp; Company), a pig iron manufacturer in Clifton Forge (Allegany County), Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection includes the accounts and correspondence of West Iron Gate Land Company (successor of Hileman, Waring \u0026 Company), a pig iron manufacturer in Clifton Forge (Allegany County), Virginia."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","West Iron Gate Land Company (Clifton Forge, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","West Iron Gate Land Company (Clifton Forge, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:07:24.744Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1639","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1639","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1639","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1639","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1639.xml","title_filing_ssi":"West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers","title_ssm":["West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers"],"title_tesim":["West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1879-1902"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1879-1902"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1989.012"],"text":["Ms.1989.012","West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers","Alleghany County (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Ledgers (account books)","The collection is open for research.","The West Iron Gate Land Company, which operated Callie Iron Furnace in Botetourt County, Virginia, had its origins in Hileman, Cook and Company. The latter company was established during the late 19th century and was dissolved on April 1, 1881, when D. S. Cook and Harris Wilton sold their interest in the company to J. B. Hileman, O. T. Waring, E. J. Waring, and O. Hileman. Under this partnership, the company was reorganized as Hileman, Waring and Company. The new company continued to operate Callie Furnace and was in turn reorganized as the West Iron Gate land Company in 1890.","The guide to the West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers commenced and was completed in January, 2018.","See the following related collections at VT Special Collections and University Archives: ","Octavius Hileman Papers, Ms2008-085","Hileman, Cook and Company Acccount Book, Ms1989-0082","This collection contains ledgers of the West Iron Gate Land Company a Clifton Forge (Alleghany County), Virginia manufacturer of pig iron. Included in the collection are three letter books, all containing letters apparently written by Octavius Hileman on behalf of various incarnations and subsidiaries of the West Iron Gate Land Company. In addition to a letter book from West Iron Gate Land Company, there is a volume from its predecessor, Hileman, Waring and\u0026 Company; and from Hileman and Colburn, which seems to have managed the company's land sales. The collection also contains a ledger recording the payment for lots sold at Iron Gate and an account book for Callie Furnace, detailing income and expenditures.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection includes the accounts and correspondence of West Iron Gate Land Company (successor of Hileman, Waring \u0026 Company), a pig iron manufacturer in Clifton Forge (Allegany County), Virginia.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","West Iron Gate Land Company (Clifton Forge, Va.)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1989.012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers"],"collection_title_tesim":["West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers"],"collection_ssim":["West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Alleghany County (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Alleghany County (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["West Iron Gate Land Company (Clifton Forge, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["West Iron Gate Land Company (Clifton Forge, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Iron Gate Land Company (Clifton Forge, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["West Iron Gate Land Company (Clifton Forge, Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Alleghany County (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers were purchased by Special Collections in 1989."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Ledgers (account books)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Ledgers (account books)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.0 Cubic Feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.0 Cubic Feet 3 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)"],"date_range_isim":[1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe West Iron Gate Land Company, which operated Callie Iron Furnace in Botetourt County, Virginia, had its origins in Hileman, Cook and Company. The latter company was established during the late 19th century and was dissolved on April 1, 1881, when D. S. Cook and Harris Wilton sold their interest in the company to J. B. Hileman, O. T. Waring, E. J. Waring, and O. Hileman. Under this partnership, the company was reorganized as Hileman, Waring and Company. The new company continued to operate Callie Furnace and was in turn reorganized as the West Iron Gate land Company in 1890.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The West Iron Gate Land Company, which operated Callie Iron Furnace in Botetourt County, Virginia, had its origins in Hileman, Cook and Company. The latter company was established during the late 19th century and was dissolved on April 1, 1881, when D. S. Cook and Harris Wilton sold their interest in the company to J. B. Hileman, O. T. Waring, E. J. Waring, and O. Hileman. Under this partnership, the company was reorganized as Hileman, Waring and Company. The new company continued to operate Callie Furnace and was in turn reorganized as the West Iron Gate land Company in 1890."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers, Ms1989-012, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers, Ms1989-012, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers commenced and was completed in January, 2018.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the West Iron Gate Land Company Ledgers commenced and was completed in January, 2018."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the following related collections at VT Special Collections and University Archives: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2406.oai_ead.xml\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eOctavius Hileman Papers, Ms2008-085\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1707.oai_ead.xml\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHileman, Cook and Company Acccount Book, Ms1989-0082\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See the following related collections at VT Special Collections and University Archives: ","Octavius Hileman Papers, Ms2008-085","Hileman, Cook and Company Acccount Book, Ms1989-0082"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains ledgers of the West Iron Gate Land Company a Clifton Forge (Alleghany County), Virginia manufacturer of pig iron. Included in the collection are three letter books, all containing letters apparently written by Octavius Hileman on behalf of various incarnations and subsidiaries of the West Iron Gate Land Company. In addition to a letter book from West Iron Gate Land Company, there is a volume from its predecessor, Hileman, Waring and\u0026amp; Company; and from Hileman and Colburn, which seems to have managed the company's land sales. The collection also contains a ledger recording the payment for lots sold at Iron Gate and an account book for Callie Furnace, detailing income and expenditures.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains ledgers of the West Iron Gate Land Company a Clifton Forge (Alleghany County), Virginia manufacturer of pig iron. Included in the collection are three letter books, all containing letters apparently written by Octavius Hileman on behalf of various incarnations and subsidiaries of the West Iron Gate Land Company. In addition to a letter book from West Iron Gate Land Company, there is a volume from its predecessor, Hileman, Waring and\u0026 Company; and from Hileman and Colburn, which seems to have managed the company's land sales. The collection also contains a ledger recording the payment for lots sold at Iron Gate and an account book for Callie Furnace, detailing income and expenditures."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f939df9430afe97536649c9b393f0526\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection includes the accounts and correspondence of West Iron Gate Land Company (successor of Hileman, Waring \u0026amp; Company), a pig iron manufacturer in Clifton Forge (Allegany County), Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection includes the accounts and correspondence of West Iron Gate Land Company (successor of Hileman, Waring \u0026 Company), a pig iron manufacturer in Clifton Forge (Allegany County), Virginia."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","West Iron Gate Land Company (Clifton Forge, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","West Iron Gate Land Company (Clifton Forge, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:07:24.744Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1639"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","value":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","hits":184},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Local%2FRegional+History+and+Appalachian+South\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1896\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Local%2FRegional+History+and+Appalachian+South\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1896"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"A. 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