{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":6,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_397","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_397#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"eBay (Firm)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_397#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, is comprised of one bound volume of notes on Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith's lectures; the constitution, by-laws, and meeting minutes of the Johnsonian Lyceum (meetings were held at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia which was located in the Johnson Magisterial District); and unrelated personal property lists of Shenandoah County residents.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_397#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_397","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_397","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_397","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_397","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_397.xml","title_ssm":["Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1867-1908"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1867-1908"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0238","/repositories/4/resources/397"],"text":["SC 0238","/repositories/4/resources/397","Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","School buildings -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Education -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Lyceums -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Ledgers (account books)","Estate inventories","Notes (documents)","Notebooks","Constitutions","Bylaws (administrative records)","Minutes (administrative records)","Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The notebook and loose pages are foldered separately.","Gochenour, Zula.  Works Progress Administration of Virginia Historical Inventory: Copp's School House Site and Valley Pike Cemetery Site , 1936.","Shenandoah County Historical Society.  Reflections: Early Schools of Shenandoah County, Virginia . Woodstock, Va.: Shenandoah County Historical Society, 1995.","Sweetster, William B. Jr.  A Copious Fountain: A History of the Union Presbyterian Seminary, 1812-2012 . Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2016.","Given that the creator of the Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger is unknown, the following biographical/historical note is written in general terms.","Copp's Schoolhouse, originally located east of Route 11 on Route 600 in Maurertown, Virginia, was one of the oldest schools in Shenandoah County. The land for the school site was provided by Nicholas Doll ca. 1807 and was originally known as Doll School. The school functioned as a church and a school and also hosted other gatherings. At least for three dates in February 1867, Copp's Schoolhouse hosted the weekly meeting of the Johnsonian Lyceum, an organization comprised of local men who would pose and discuss esoteric topics. Copp's Schoolhouse eventually closed as the school age population shifted and other neighboring schools were built. The schoolhouse was razed ca. 1877 to erect the Valley Pike Church of the Brethren.","Loose pages were removed and foldered separately. These items include a multi-page inventory of personal property sold, presumably from the estate of George M. Conner, and a note with calculations.","The Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, is comprised of one bound volume of notes on Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith's lectures; the constitution, by-laws, and meeting minutes of the Johnsonian Lyceum (meetings were held at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia which was located in the Johnson Magisterial District); and unrelated personal property lists of Shenandoah County residents.","The notebook begins with 12 pages of undated notes in an unknown hand titled \"Interpretation of Dr. B. M. Smith's Lectures.\" Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith (1811-1893) was a native Virginian and attended Hampden-Sydney College in Hampden Sydney, Virginia and Union Seminary in Richmond, Virginia. In 1854, he was elected chair of Oriental Literature at Union Seminary. The topics discussed in the notes include design of ministry, bible criticism, integrity of the Hebrew text, and Hebrew manuscripts.","The following four pages include the constitution and by-laws of the Johnsonian Lyceum which met, at least for three meetings in February 1867, at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia. The lyceum's prime directive was the \"cultivation of the mind and the improvement of its members in the art of [practical] speaking by the discussion of questions of practical importance.\" Also included is a list of members totaling 18 people. Members include N. Milton Rhodes (who is identified later in the notebook as the lyceum's president), Andrew M. Wright, Joseph B. McInturf, Joseph Doll, Silas Crabill, David Saum, and James Rosenberger. Three pages of meeting minute notes of the Johnsonian Lyceum follow. The general agenda for the meetings was to take roll, pose questions for future discussion, and discuss and vote on a question posed at a prior meeting. Questions proposed for discussion included \"Does virtue always ensure happiness?,\" \"Is the hope of reward a greater incentive to action than the fear of punishment?,\" Which deserves greater praise: Columbus for discovering or Washington for defending America?,\" and \"Is the mind of woman inferior to that of man?\" The latter question was debated at the February 20, 1867 meeting and, after some discussion, the lyceum voted in the negative.","Thirty-two pages of additional lecture notes follow the Johnsonian Lyceum's meeting minutes. Topics are similar to the earlier lecture notes and include mentions of Jewish manuscripts, papyrus, and early inks.","The notebook then transitions into an account book and includes eight pages of account information between Cline, Seiberling \u0026 Co. and N. Milton Rhodes. According to the accounts, dated 1872-1875, Rhodes was primarily purchasing farm implements and paying for miscellaneous repairs.","The remainder of the ledger dates from 1882 to 1908 and is comprised of inventories of personal property appraised and sold, and other miscellaneous financial statements. Individuals whose estates are sold off include John Fetzer, Isaac Wisman, William P. Stultz, and George M. Conner. Purchasers names are also listed; all are likely Shenandoah County residents.","Various handwritings are present throughout the notebook and ledger. The creator(s) is unknown, though it is likely that N. Milton Rhodes was responsible for some of the notebook's content.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, is comprised of one bound volume of notes on Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith's lectures; the constitution, by-laws, and meeting minutes of the Johnsonian Lyceum (meetings were held at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia which was located in the Johnson Magisterial District); and unrelated personal property lists of Shenandoah County residents.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","eBay (Firm)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0238","/repositories/4/resources/397"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger"],"collection_ssim":["Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["eBay (Firm)"],"creator_ssim":["eBay (Firm)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["eBay (Firm)"],"creators_ssim":["eBay (Firm)"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased on Ebay in February 2017 from a seller in Clemmons, North Carolina."],"access_subjects_ssim":["School buildings -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Education -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Lyceums -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Ledgers (account books)","Estate inventories","Notes (documents)","Notebooks","Constitutions","Bylaws (administrative records)","Minutes (administrative records)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["School buildings -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Education -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Lyceums -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Ledgers (account books)","Estate inventories","Notes (documents)","Notebooks","Constitutions","Bylaws (administrative records)","Minutes (administrative records)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.08 cubic feet 2 legal folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.08 cubic feet 2 legal folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)","Estate inventories","Notes (documents)","Notebooks","Constitutions","Bylaws (administrative records)","Minutes (administrative records)"],"date_range_isim":[1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe notebook and loose pages are foldered separately.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The notebook and loose pages are foldered separately."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eGochenour, Zula. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWorks Progress Administration of Virginia Historical Inventory: Copp's School House Site and Valley Pike Cemetery Site\u003c/emph\u003e, 1936.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eShenandoah County Historical Society. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eReflections: Early Schools of Shenandoah County, Virginia\u003c/emph\u003e. Woodstock, Va.: Shenandoah County Historical Society, 1995.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eSweetster, William B. Jr. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Copious Fountain: A History of the Union Presbyterian Seminary, 1812-2012\u003c/emph\u003e. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2016.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Gochenour, Zula.  Works Progress Administration of Virginia Historical Inventory: Copp's School House Site and Valley Pike Cemetery Site , 1936.","Shenandoah County Historical Society.  Reflections: Early Schools of Shenandoah County, Virginia . Woodstock, Va.: Shenandoah County Historical Society, 1995.","Sweetster, William B. Jr.  A Copious Fountain: A History of the Union Presbyterian Seminary, 1812-2012 . Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2016."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGiven that the creator of the Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger is unknown, the following biographical/historical note is written in general terms.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCopp's Schoolhouse, originally located east of Route 11 on Route 600 in Maurertown, Virginia, was one of the oldest schools in Shenandoah County. The land for the school site was provided by Nicholas Doll ca. 1807 and was originally known as Doll School. The school functioned as a church and a school and also hosted other gatherings. At least for three dates in February 1867, Copp's Schoolhouse hosted the weekly meeting of the Johnsonian Lyceum, an organization comprised of local men who would pose and discuss esoteric topics. Copp's Schoolhouse eventually closed as the school age population shifted and other neighboring schools were built. The schoolhouse was razed ca. 1877 to erect the Valley Pike Church of the Brethren.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Given that the creator of the Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger is unknown, the following biographical/historical note is written in general terms.","Copp's Schoolhouse, originally located east of Route 11 on Route 600 in Maurertown, Virginia, was one of the oldest schools in Shenandoah County. The land for the school site was provided by Nicholas Doll ca. 1807 and was originally known as Doll School. The school functioned as a church and a school and also hosted other gatherings. At least for three dates in February 1867, Copp's Schoolhouse hosted the weekly meeting of the Johnsonian Lyceum, an organization comprised of local men who would pose and discuss esoteric topics. Copp's Schoolhouse eventually closed as the school age population shifted and other neighboring schools were built. The schoolhouse was razed ca. 1877 to erect the Valley Pike Church of the Brethren."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, SC 0238, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, SC 0238, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLoose pages were removed and foldered separately. These items include a multi-page inventory of personal property sold, presumably from the estate of George M. Conner, and a note with calculations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Loose pages were removed and foldered separately. These items include a multi-page inventory of personal property sold, presumably from the estate of George M. Conner, and a note with calculations."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, is comprised of one bound volume of notes on Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith's lectures; the constitution, by-laws, and meeting minutes of the Johnsonian Lyceum (meetings were held at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia which was located in the Johnson Magisterial District); and unrelated personal property lists of Shenandoah County residents.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe notebook begins with 12 pages of undated notes in an unknown hand titled \"Interpretation of Dr. B. M. Smith's Lectures.\" Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith (1811-1893) was a native Virginian and attended Hampden-Sydney College in Hampden Sydney, Virginia and Union Seminary in Richmond, Virginia. In 1854, he was elected chair of Oriental Literature at Union Seminary. The topics discussed in the notes include design of ministry, bible criticism, integrity of the Hebrew text, and Hebrew manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe following four pages include the constitution and by-laws of the Johnsonian Lyceum which met, at least for three meetings in February 1867, at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia. The lyceum's prime directive was the \"cultivation of the mind and the improvement of its members in the art of [practical] speaking by the discussion of questions of practical importance.\" Also included is a list of members totaling 18 people. Members include N. Milton Rhodes (who is identified later in the notebook as the lyceum's president), Andrew M. Wright, Joseph B. McInturf, Joseph Doll, Silas Crabill, David Saum, and James Rosenberger. Three pages of meeting minute notes of the Johnsonian Lyceum follow. The general agenda for the meetings was to take roll, pose questions for future discussion, and discuss and vote on a question posed at a prior meeting. Questions proposed for discussion included \"Does virtue always ensure happiness?,\" \"Is the hope of reward a greater incentive to action than the fear of punishment?,\" Which deserves greater praise: Columbus for discovering or Washington for defending America?,\" and \"Is the mind of woman inferior to that of man?\" The latter question was debated at the February 20, 1867 meeting and, after some discussion, the lyceum voted in the negative.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThirty-two pages of additional lecture notes follow the Johnsonian Lyceum's meeting minutes. Topics are similar to the earlier lecture notes and include mentions of Jewish manuscripts, papyrus, and early inks.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe notebook then transitions into an account book and includes eight pages of account information between Cline, Seiberling \u0026amp; Co. and N. Milton Rhodes. According to the accounts, dated 1872-1875, Rhodes was primarily purchasing farm implements and paying for miscellaneous repairs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe remainder of the ledger dates from 1882 to 1908 and is comprised of inventories of personal property appraised and sold, and other miscellaneous financial statements. Individuals whose estates are sold off include John Fetzer, Isaac Wisman, William P. Stultz, and George M. Conner. Purchasers names are also listed; all are likely Shenandoah County residents.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVarious handwritings are present throughout the notebook and ledger. The creator(s) is unknown, though it is likely that N. Milton Rhodes was responsible for some of the notebook's content.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, is comprised of one bound volume of notes on Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith's lectures; the constitution, by-laws, and meeting minutes of the Johnsonian Lyceum (meetings were held at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia which was located in the Johnson Magisterial District); and unrelated personal property lists of Shenandoah County residents.","The notebook begins with 12 pages of undated notes in an unknown hand titled \"Interpretation of Dr. B. M. Smith's Lectures.\" Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith (1811-1893) was a native Virginian and attended Hampden-Sydney College in Hampden Sydney, Virginia and Union Seminary in Richmond, Virginia. In 1854, he was elected chair of Oriental Literature at Union Seminary. The topics discussed in the notes include design of ministry, bible criticism, integrity of the Hebrew text, and Hebrew manuscripts.","The following four pages include the constitution and by-laws of the Johnsonian Lyceum which met, at least for three meetings in February 1867, at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia. The lyceum's prime directive was the \"cultivation of the mind and the improvement of its members in the art of [practical] speaking by the discussion of questions of practical importance.\" Also included is a list of members totaling 18 people. Members include N. Milton Rhodes (who is identified later in the notebook as the lyceum's president), Andrew M. Wright, Joseph B. McInturf, Joseph Doll, Silas Crabill, David Saum, and James Rosenberger. Three pages of meeting minute notes of the Johnsonian Lyceum follow. The general agenda for the meetings was to take roll, pose questions for future discussion, and discuss and vote on a question posed at a prior meeting. Questions proposed for discussion included \"Does virtue always ensure happiness?,\" \"Is the hope of reward a greater incentive to action than the fear of punishment?,\" Which deserves greater praise: Columbus for discovering or Washington for defending America?,\" and \"Is the mind of woman inferior to that of man?\" The latter question was debated at the February 20, 1867 meeting and, after some discussion, the lyceum voted in the negative.","Thirty-two pages of additional lecture notes follow the Johnsonian Lyceum's meeting minutes. Topics are similar to the earlier lecture notes and include mentions of Jewish manuscripts, papyrus, and early inks.","The notebook then transitions into an account book and includes eight pages of account information between Cline, Seiberling \u0026 Co. and N. Milton Rhodes. According to the accounts, dated 1872-1875, Rhodes was primarily purchasing farm implements and paying for miscellaneous repairs.","The remainder of the ledger dates from 1882 to 1908 and is comprised of inventories of personal property appraised and sold, and other miscellaneous financial statements. Individuals whose estates are sold off include John Fetzer, Isaac Wisman, William P. Stultz, and George M. Conner. Purchasers names are also listed; all are likely Shenandoah County residents.","Various handwritings are present throughout the notebook and ledger. The creator(s) is unknown, though it is likely that N. Milton Rhodes was responsible for some of the notebook's content."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8516ffb72e9d8849a6c0e5fecca01233\"\u003eThe Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, is comprised of one bound volume of notes on Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith's lectures; the constitution, by-laws, and meeting minutes of the Johnsonian Lyceum (meetings were held at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia which was located in the Johnson Magisterial District); and unrelated personal property lists of Shenandoah County residents.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, is comprised of one bound volume of notes on Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith's lectures; the constitution, by-laws, and meeting minutes of the Johnsonian Lyceum (meetings were held at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia which was located in the Johnson Magisterial District); and unrelated personal property lists of Shenandoah County residents."],"names_coll_ssim":["eBay (Firm)"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","eBay (Firm)"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","eBay (Firm)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:21:18.584Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_397","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_397","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_397","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_397","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_397.xml","title_ssm":["Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1867-1908"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1867-1908"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0238","/repositories/4/resources/397"],"text":["SC 0238","/repositories/4/resources/397","Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","School buildings -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Education -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Lyceums -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Ledgers (account books)","Estate inventories","Notes (documents)","Notebooks","Constitutions","Bylaws (administrative records)","Minutes (administrative records)","Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The notebook and loose pages are foldered separately.","Gochenour, Zula.  Works Progress Administration of Virginia Historical Inventory: Copp's School House Site and Valley Pike Cemetery Site , 1936.","Shenandoah County Historical Society.  Reflections: Early Schools of Shenandoah County, Virginia . Woodstock, Va.: Shenandoah County Historical Society, 1995.","Sweetster, William B. Jr.  A Copious Fountain: A History of the Union Presbyterian Seminary, 1812-2012 . Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2016.","Given that the creator of the Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger is unknown, the following biographical/historical note is written in general terms.","Copp's Schoolhouse, originally located east of Route 11 on Route 600 in Maurertown, Virginia, was one of the oldest schools in Shenandoah County. The land for the school site was provided by Nicholas Doll ca. 1807 and was originally known as Doll School. The school functioned as a church and a school and also hosted other gatherings. At least for three dates in February 1867, Copp's Schoolhouse hosted the weekly meeting of the Johnsonian Lyceum, an organization comprised of local men who would pose and discuss esoteric topics. Copp's Schoolhouse eventually closed as the school age population shifted and other neighboring schools were built. The schoolhouse was razed ca. 1877 to erect the Valley Pike Church of the Brethren.","Loose pages were removed and foldered separately. These items include a multi-page inventory of personal property sold, presumably from the estate of George M. Conner, and a note with calculations.","The Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, is comprised of one bound volume of notes on Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith's lectures; the constitution, by-laws, and meeting minutes of the Johnsonian Lyceum (meetings were held at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia which was located in the Johnson Magisterial District); and unrelated personal property lists of Shenandoah County residents.","The notebook begins with 12 pages of undated notes in an unknown hand titled \"Interpretation of Dr. B. M. Smith's Lectures.\" Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith (1811-1893) was a native Virginian and attended Hampden-Sydney College in Hampden Sydney, Virginia and Union Seminary in Richmond, Virginia. In 1854, he was elected chair of Oriental Literature at Union Seminary. The topics discussed in the notes include design of ministry, bible criticism, integrity of the Hebrew text, and Hebrew manuscripts.","The following four pages include the constitution and by-laws of the Johnsonian Lyceum which met, at least for three meetings in February 1867, at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia. The lyceum's prime directive was the \"cultivation of the mind and the improvement of its members in the art of [practical] speaking by the discussion of questions of practical importance.\" Also included is a list of members totaling 18 people. Members include N. Milton Rhodes (who is identified later in the notebook as the lyceum's president), Andrew M. Wright, Joseph B. McInturf, Joseph Doll, Silas Crabill, David Saum, and James Rosenberger. Three pages of meeting minute notes of the Johnsonian Lyceum follow. The general agenda for the meetings was to take roll, pose questions for future discussion, and discuss and vote on a question posed at a prior meeting. Questions proposed for discussion included \"Does virtue always ensure happiness?,\" \"Is the hope of reward a greater incentive to action than the fear of punishment?,\" Which deserves greater praise: Columbus for discovering or Washington for defending America?,\" and \"Is the mind of woman inferior to that of man?\" The latter question was debated at the February 20, 1867 meeting and, after some discussion, the lyceum voted in the negative.","Thirty-two pages of additional lecture notes follow the Johnsonian Lyceum's meeting minutes. Topics are similar to the earlier lecture notes and include mentions of Jewish manuscripts, papyrus, and early inks.","The notebook then transitions into an account book and includes eight pages of account information between Cline, Seiberling \u0026 Co. and N. Milton Rhodes. According to the accounts, dated 1872-1875, Rhodes was primarily purchasing farm implements and paying for miscellaneous repairs.","The remainder of the ledger dates from 1882 to 1908 and is comprised of inventories of personal property appraised and sold, and other miscellaneous financial statements. Individuals whose estates are sold off include John Fetzer, Isaac Wisman, William P. Stultz, and George M. Conner. Purchasers names are also listed; all are likely Shenandoah County residents.","Various handwritings are present throughout the notebook and ledger. The creator(s) is unknown, though it is likely that N. Milton Rhodes was responsible for some of the notebook's content.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, is comprised of one bound volume of notes on Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith's lectures; the constitution, by-laws, and meeting minutes of the Johnsonian Lyceum (meetings were held at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia which was located in the Johnson Magisterial District); and unrelated personal property lists of Shenandoah County residents.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","eBay (Firm)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0238","/repositories/4/resources/397"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger"],"collection_ssim":["Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["eBay (Firm)"],"creator_ssim":["eBay (Firm)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["eBay (Firm)"],"creators_ssim":["eBay (Firm)"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased on Ebay in February 2017 from a seller in Clemmons, North Carolina."],"access_subjects_ssim":["School buildings -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Education -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Lyceums -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Ledgers (account books)","Estate inventories","Notes (documents)","Notebooks","Constitutions","Bylaws (administrative records)","Minutes (administrative records)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["School buildings -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Education -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Lyceums -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Ledgers (account books)","Estate inventories","Notes (documents)","Notebooks","Constitutions","Bylaws (administrative records)","Minutes (administrative records)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.08 cubic feet 2 legal folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.08 cubic feet 2 legal folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)","Estate inventories","Notes (documents)","Notebooks","Constitutions","Bylaws (administrative records)","Minutes (administrative records)"],"date_range_isim":[1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe notebook and loose pages are foldered separately.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The notebook and loose pages are foldered separately."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eGochenour, Zula. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWorks Progress Administration of Virginia Historical Inventory: Copp's School House Site and Valley Pike Cemetery Site\u003c/emph\u003e, 1936.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eShenandoah County Historical Society. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eReflections: Early Schools of Shenandoah County, Virginia\u003c/emph\u003e. Woodstock, Va.: Shenandoah County Historical Society, 1995.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eSweetster, William B. Jr. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Copious Fountain: A History of the Union Presbyterian Seminary, 1812-2012\u003c/emph\u003e. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2016.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Gochenour, Zula.  Works Progress Administration of Virginia Historical Inventory: Copp's School House Site and Valley Pike Cemetery Site , 1936.","Shenandoah County Historical Society.  Reflections: Early Schools of Shenandoah County, Virginia . Woodstock, Va.: Shenandoah County Historical Society, 1995.","Sweetster, William B. Jr.  A Copious Fountain: A History of the Union Presbyterian Seminary, 1812-2012 . Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2016."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGiven that the creator of the Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger is unknown, the following biographical/historical note is written in general terms.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCopp's Schoolhouse, originally located east of Route 11 on Route 600 in Maurertown, Virginia, was one of the oldest schools in Shenandoah County. The land for the school site was provided by Nicholas Doll ca. 1807 and was originally known as Doll School. The school functioned as a church and a school and also hosted other gatherings. At least for three dates in February 1867, Copp's Schoolhouse hosted the weekly meeting of the Johnsonian Lyceum, an organization comprised of local men who would pose and discuss esoteric topics. Copp's Schoolhouse eventually closed as the school age population shifted and other neighboring schools were built. The schoolhouse was razed ca. 1877 to erect the Valley Pike Church of the Brethren.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Given that the creator of the Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger is unknown, the following biographical/historical note is written in general terms.","Copp's Schoolhouse, originally located east of Route 11 on Route 600 in Maurertown, Virginia, was one of the oldest schools in Shenandoah County. The land for the school site was provided by Nicholas Doll ca. 1807 and was originally known as Doll School. The school functioned as a church and a school and also hosted other gatherings. At least for three dates in February 1867, Copp's Schoolhouse hosted the weekly meeting of the Johnsonian Lyceum, an organization comprised of local men who would pose and discuss esoteric topics. Copp's Schoolhouse eventually closed as the school age population shifted and other neighboring schools were built. The schoolhouse was razed ca. 1877 to erect the Valley Pike Church of the Brethren."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, SC 0238, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, SC 0238, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLoose pages were removed and foldered separately. These items include a multi-page inventory of personal property sold, presumably from the estate of George M. Conner, and a note with calculations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Loose pages were removed and foldered separately. These items include a multi-page inventory of personal property sold, presumably from the estate of George M. Conner, and a note with calculations."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, is comprised of one bound volume of notes on Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith's lectures; the constitution, by-laws, and meeting minutes of the Johnsonian Lyceum (meetings were held at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia which was located in the Johnson Magisterial District); and unrelated personal property lists of Shenandoah County residents.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe notebook begins with 12 pages of undated notes in an unknown hand titled \"Interpretation of Dr. B. M. Smith's Lectures.\" Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith (1811-1893) was a native Virginian and attended Hampden-Sydney College in Hampden Sydney, Virginia and Union Seminary in Richmond, Virginia. In 1854, he was elected chair of Oriental Literature at Union Seminary. The topics discussed in the notes include design of ministry, bible criticism, integrity of the Hebrew text, and Hebrew manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe following four pages include the constitution and by-laws of the Johnsonian Lyceum which met, at least for three meetings in February 1867, at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia. The lyceum's prime directive was the \"cultivation of the mind and the improvement of its members in the art of [practical] speaking by the discussion of questions of practical importance.\" Also included is a list of members totaling 18 people. Members include N. Milton Rhodes (who is identified later in the notebook as the lyceum's president), Andrew M. Wright, Joseph B. McInturf, Joseph Doll, Silas Crabill, David Saum, and James Rosenberger. Three pages of meeting minute notes of the Johnsonian Lyceum follow. The general agenda for the meetings was to take roll, pose questions for future discussion, and discuss and vote on a question posed at a prior meeting. Questions proposed for discussion included \"Does virtue always ensure happiness?,\" \"Is the hope of reward a greater incentive to action than the fear of punishment?,\" Which deserves greater praise: Columbus for discovering or Washington for defending America?,\" and \"Is the mind of woman inferior to that of man?\" The latter question was debated at the February 20, 1867 meeting and, after some discussion, the lyceum voted in the negative.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThirty-two pages of additional lecture notes follow the Johnsonian Lyceum's meeting minutes. Topics are similar to the earlier lecture notes and include mentions of Jewish manuscripts, papyrus, and early inks.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe notebook then transitions into an account book and includes eight pages of account information between Cline, Seiberling \u0026amp; Co. and N. Milton Rhodes. According to the accounts, dated 1872-1875, Rhodes was primarily purchasing farm implements and paying for miscellaneous repairs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe remainder of the ledger dates from 1882 to 1908 and is comprised of inventories of personal property appraised and sold, and other miscellaneous financial statements. Individuals whose estates are sold off include John Fetzer, Isaac Wisman, William P. Stultz, and George M. Conner. Purchasers names are also listed; all are likely Shenandoah County residents.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVarious handwritings are present throughout the notebook and ledger. The creator(s) is unknown, though it is likely that N. Milton Rhodes was responsible for some of the notebook's content.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, is comprised of one bound volume of notes on Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith's lectures; the constitution, by-laws, and meeting minutes of the Johnsonian Lyceum (meetings were held at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia which was located in the Johnson Magisterial District); and unrelated personal property lists of Shenandoah County residents.","The notebook begins with 12 pages of undated notes in an unknown hand titled \"Interpretation of Dr. B. M. Smith's Lectures.\" Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith (1811-1893) was a native Virginian and attended Hampden-Sydney College in Hampden Sydney, Virginia and Union Seminary in Richmond, Virginia. In 1854, he was elected chair of Oriental Literature at Union Seminary. The topics discussed in the notes include design of ministry, bible criticism, integrity of the Hebrew text, and Hebrew manuscripts.","The following four pages include the constitution and by-laws of the Johnsonian Lyceum which met, at least for three meetings in February 1867, at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia. The lyceum's prime directive was the \"cultivation of the mind and the improvement of its members in the art of [practical] speaking by the discussion of questions of practical importance.\" Also included is a list of members totaling 18 people. Members include N. Milton Rhodes (who is identified later in the notebook as the lyceum's president), Andrew M. Wright, Joseph B. McInturf, Joseph Doll, Silas Crabill, David Saum, and James Rosenberger. Three pages of meeting minute notes of the Johnsonian Lyceum follow. The general agenda for the meetings was to take roll, pose questions for future discussion, and discuss and vote on a question posed at a prior meeting. Questions proposed for discussion included \"Does virtue always ensure happiness?,\" \"Is the hope of reward a greater incentive to action than the fear of punishment?,\" Which deserves greater praise: Columbus for discovering or Washington for defending America?,\" and \"Is the mind of woman inferior to that of man?\" The latter question was debated at the February 20, 1867 meeting and, after some discussion, the lyceum voted in the negative.","Thirty-two pages of additional lecture notes follow the Johnsonian Lyceum's meeting minutes. Topics are similar to the earlier lecture notes and include mentions of Jewish manuscripts, papyrus, and early inks.","The notebook then transitions into an account book and includes eight pages of account information between Cline, Seiberling \u0026 Co. and N. Milton Rhodes. According to the accounts, dated 1872-1875, Rhodes was primarily purchasing farm implements and paying for miscellaneous repairs.","The remainder of the ledger dates from 1882 to 1908 and is comprised of inventories of personal property appraised and sold, and other miscellaneous financial statements. Individuals whose estates are sold off include John Fetzer, Isaac Wisman, William P. Stultz, and George M. Conner. Purchasers names are also listed; all are likely Shenandoah County residents.","Various handwritings are present throughout the notebook and ledger. The creator(s) is unknown, though it is likely that N. Milton Rhodes was responsible for some of the notebook's content."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8516ffb72e9d8849a6c0e5fecca01233\"\u003eThe Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, is comprised of one bound volume of notes on Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith's lectures; the constitution, by-laws, and meeting minutes of the Johnsonian Lyceum (meetings were held at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia which was located in the Johnson Magisterial District); and unrelated personal property lists of Shenandoah County residents.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, is comprised of one bound volume of notes on Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith's lectures; the constitution, by-laws, and meeting minutes of the Johnsonian Lyceum (meetings were held at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia which was located in the Johnson Magisterial District); and unrelated personal property lists of Shenandoah County residents."],"names_coll_ssim":["eBay (Firm)"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","eBay (Firm)"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","eBay (Firm)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:21:18.584Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_397"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_312","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Don C. Miller Collection of Pine Forge Ledger","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_312#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Don C. Miller","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_312#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Don C. Miller Collection of Pine Forge Ledger, 1785-1799, consists of one CD-ROM containing 230 digital images of one bound ledger, 12 inches tall by 7.5 inches wide, from the Pine Forge iron forge near New Market, Va.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_312#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_312","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_312","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_312","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_312","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_312.xml","title_ssm":["Don C. Miller Collection of Pine Forge Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Don C. Miller Collection of Pine Forge Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1785-1799"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1785-1799"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0175","/repositories/4/resources/312"],"text":["SC 0175","/repositories/4/resources/312","Don C. Miller Collection of Pine Forge Ledger","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Iron industry and trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History -- 18th century","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- History -- 18th century","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Ledgers (account books)","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The digital images of the collection are arranged in the same order as the original ledger.","Wayland, John Walter.  A History of Shenandoah County, Virginia .   Baltimore: Regional Pub. Co. 1980.","Pine Forge was an iron forge along Smith Creek, near New Market in Shenandoah County, Virginia. It is thought to have been built and operated by the family of Dirck Pennybacker, and his son Benjamin, in the late eighteenth/early nineteenth century. The forge eventually changed hands but remained in operation until the end of the nineteenth century.","Original ledger is retained by the donor.","Digital materials processed by Christina Bolgiano in 2010. A Kodak EasyShare digital camera on a copystand with tungsten lights was used to obtain 300 dpi JPG images. A white sheet of paper was inserted behind torn pages in the ledger to enhance legibility of the torn sheet. Several pages were photographed twice to make sure the best image was obtained. Therefore, there are some duplicate images on the CD-ROM. The ledger is avaialable for access as a pdf file. The collection was formerly assigned Collection Number SC 4049.","Though the original accession comprised of 1 optical disc (CD), three additional cds were made subsequently, to function as preservation master and use copies.","For similar ledgers from Pine Forge in the nineteenth century, see also UNC-Chapel Hill's  Shenandoah County (Va.) Account Books 2934 , Southern Historical Collection, The Wilson Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.","The Don C. Miller Collection, 1785-1799, consists of one CD-ROM containing 200+ digital images of one bound ledger, 12 inches tall by 7.5 inches wide, from the Pine Forge iron forge near New Market, Virginia. ","The handwritten ledger contains accounts from Pine Forge. These accounts consist of entries of names and charges, written in pounds, shillings and pence, for a variety of services and products including steel, iron, sheep, mill services, and a wide array of foods.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu). Please submit an  application  for permission to quote or publish.","The Don C. Miller Collection of Pine Forge Ledger, 1785-1799, consists of one CD-ROM containing 230 digital images of one bound ledger, 12 inches tall by 7.5 inches wide, from the Pine Forge iron forge near New Market, Va.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Pennybacker family -- Records and correspondence","Don C. Miller","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0175","/repositories/4/resources/312"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Don C. Miller Collection of Pine Forge Ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["Don C. Miller Collection of Pine Forge Ledger"],"collection_ssim":["Don C. Miller Collection of Pine Forge Ledger"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources"],"creator_ssm":["Don C. Miller"],"creator_ssim":["Don C. Miller"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Don C. Miller"],"creators_ssim":["Don C. Miller"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu). Please submit an  application  for permission to quote or publish."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Mr. Don C. Miller, owner of the ledger, offered to allow Carrier Library to make digital images of the ledger and gave permission to make the images accessible to the public in April 2005."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Iron industry and trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History -- 18th century","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- History -- 18th century","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Ledgers (account books)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Iron industry and trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History -- 18th century","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- History -- 18th century","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Ledgers (account books)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 CD-ROM","0.23 Gigabytes 1 digital file"],"extent_tesim":["1 CD-ROM","0.23 Gigabytes 1 digital file"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)"],"date_range_isim":[1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe digital images of the collection are arranged in the same order as the original ledger.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The digital images of the collection are arranged in the same order as the original ledger."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eWayland, John Walter. \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://leo.jmu.edu/record=b1202746~S0\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eA History of Shenandoah County, Virginia\u003c/title\u003e. \u003c/extref\u003e Baltimore: Regional Pub. Co. 1980.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Wayland, John Walter.  A History of Shenandoah County, Virginia .   Baltimore: Regional Pub. Co. 1980."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePine Forge was an iron forge along Smith Creek, near New Market in Shenandoah County, Virginia. It is thought to have been built and operated by the family of Dirck Pennybacker, and his son Benjamin, in the late eighteenth/early nineteenth century. The forge eventually changed hands but remained in operation until the end of the nineteenth century.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Pine Forge was an iron forge along Smith Creek, near New Market in Shenandoah County, Virginia. It is thought to have been built and operated by the family of Dirck Pennybacker, and his son Benjamin, in the late eighteenth/early nineteenth century. The forge eventually changed hands but remained in operation until the end of the nineteenth century."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal ledger is retained by the donor.\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["Original ledger is retained by the donor."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMiller, Don C. Collection of Pine Forge Ledger, 1785-1799, SC 0175, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Miller, Don C. Collection of Pine Forge Ledger, 1785-1799, SC 0175, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital materials processed by Christina Bolgiano in 2010. A Kodak EasyShare digital camera on a copystand with tungsten lights was used to obtain 300 dpi JPG images. A white sheet of paper was inserted behind torn pages in the ledger to enhance legibility of the torn sheet. Several pages were photographed twice to make sure the best image was obtained. Therefore, there are some duplicate images on the CD-ROM. The ledger is avaialable for access as a pdf file. The collection was formerly assigned Collection Number SC 4049.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThough the original accession comprised of 1 optical disc (CD), three additional cds were made subsequently, to function as preservation master and use copies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Notes"],"processinfo_tesim":["Digital materials processed by Christina Bolgiano in 2010. A Kodak EasyShare digital camera on a copystand with tungsten lights was used to obtain 300 dpi JPG images. A white sheet of paper was inserted behind torn pages in the ledger to enhance legibility of the torn sheet. Several pages were photographed twice to make sure the best image was obtained. Therefore, there are some duplicate images on the CD-ROM. The ledger is avaialable for access as a pdf file. The collection was formerly assigned Collection Number SC 4049.","Though the original accession comprised of 1 optical disc (CD), three additional cds were made subsequently, to function as preservation master and use copies."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor similar ledgers from Pine Forge in the nineteenth century, see also UNC-Chapel Hill's \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lib.unc.edu/mss/inv/s/Shenandoah_County(Va.).html\"\u003eShenandoah County (Va.) Account Books 2934\u003c/extref\u003e, Southern Historical Collection, The Wilson Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials/Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["For similar ledgers from Pine Forge in the nineteenth century, see also UNC-Chapel Hill's  Shenandoah County (Va.) Account Books 2934 , Southern Historical Collection, The Wilson Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Don C. Miller Collection, 1785-1799, consists of one CD-ROM containing 200+ digital images of one bound ledger, 12 inches tall by 7.5 inches wide, from the Pine Forge iron forge near New Market, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe handwritten ledger contains accounts from Pine Forge. These accounts consist of entries of names and charges, written in pounds, shillings and pence, for a variety of services and products including steel, iron, sheep, mill services, and a wide array of foods.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Don C. Miller Collection, 1785-1799, consists of one CD-ROM containing 200+ digital images of one bound ledger, 12 inches tall by 7.5 inches wide, from the Pine Forge iron forge near New Market, Virginia. ","The handwritten ledger contains accounts from Pine Forge. These accounts consist of entries of names and charges, written in pounds, shillings and pence, for a variety of services and products including steel, iron, sheep, mill services, and a wide array of foods."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu). Please submit an \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lib.jmu.edu/forms/QuoteOrPubForm.aspx\"\u003eapplication\u003c/extref\u003e for permission to quote or publish.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu). Please submit an  application  for permission to quote or publish."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a8a4006e97a7052f2fef166c02a16d05\"\u003eThe Don C. Miller Collection of Pine Forge Ledger, 1785-1799, consists of one CD-ROM containing 230 digital images of one bound ledger, 12 inches tall by 7.5 inches wide, from the Pine Forge iron forge near New Market, Va.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Don C. Miller Collection of Pine Forge Ledger, 1785-1799, consists of one CD-ROM containing 230 digital images of one bound ledger, 12 inches tall by 7.5 inches wide, from the Pine Forge iron forge near New Market, Va."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Pennybacker family -- Records and correspondence","Don C. Miller"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Pennybacker family -- Records and correspondence","Don C. Miller"],"famname_ssim":["Pennybacker family -- Records and correspondence"],"persname_ssim":["Don C. Miller"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:36.405Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_312","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_312","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_312","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_312","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_312.xml","title_ssm":["Don C. Miller Collection of Pine Forge Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Don C. Miller Collection of Pine Forge Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1785-1799"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1785-1799"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0175","/repositories/4/resources/312"],"text":["SC 0175","/repositories/4/resources/312","Don C. Miller Collection of Pine Forge Ledger","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Iron industry and trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History -- 18th century","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- History -- 18th century","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Ledgers (account books)","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The digital images of the collection are arranged in the same order as the original ledger.","Wayland, John Walter.  A History of Shenandoah County, Virginia .   Baltimore: Regional Pub. Co. 1980.","Pine Forge was an iron forge along Smith Creek, near New Market in Shenandoah County, Virginia. It is thought to have been built and operated by the family of Dirck Pennybacker, and his son Benjamin, in the late eighteenth/early nineteenth century. The forge eventually changed hands but remained in operation until the end of the nineteenth century.","Original ledger is retained by the donor.","Digital materials processed by Christina Bolgiano in 2010. A Kodak EasyShare digital camera on a copystand with tungsten lights was used to obtain 300 dpi JPG images. A white sheet of paper was inserted behind torn pages in the ledger to enhance legibility of the torn sheet. Several pages were photographed twice to make sure the best image was obtained. Therefore, there are some duplicate images on the CD-ROM. The ledger is avaialable for access as a pdf file. The collection was formerly assigned Collection Number SC 4049.","Though the original accession comprised of 1 optical disc (CD), three additional cds were made subsequently, to function as preservation master and use copies.","For similar ledgers from Pine Forge in the nineteenth century, see also UNC-Chapel Hill's  Shenandoah County (Va.) Account Books 2934 , Southern Historical Collection, The Wilson Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.","The Don C. Miller Collection, 1785-1799, consists of one CD-ROM containing 200+ digital images of one bound ledger, 12 inches tall by 7.5 inches wide, from the Pine Forge iron forge near New Market, Virginia. ","The handwritten ledger contains accounts from Pine Forge. These accounts consist of entries of names and charges, written in pounds, shillings and pence, for a variety of services and products including steel, iron, sheep, mill services, and a wide array of foods.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu). Please submit an  application  for permission to quote or publish.","The Don C. Miller Collection of Pine Forge Ledger, 1785-1799, consists of one CD-ROM containing 230 digital images of one bound ledger, 12 inches tall by 7.5 inches wide, from the Pine Forge iron forge near New Market, Va.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Pennybacker family -- Records and correspondence","Don C. Miller","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0175","/repositories/4/resources/312"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Don C. Miller Collection of Pine Forge Ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["Don C. Miller Collection of Pine Forge Ledger"],"collection_ssim":["Don C. Miller Collection of Pine Forge Ledger"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources"],"creator_ssm":["Don C. Miller"],"creator_ssim":["Don C. Miller"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Don C. Miller"],"creators_ssim":["Don C. Miller"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu). Please submit an  application  for permission to quote or publish."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Mr. Don C. Miller, owner of the ledger, offered to allow Carrier Library to make digital images of the ledger and gave permission to make the images accessible to the public in April 2005."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Iron industry and trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History -- 18th century","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- History -- 18th century","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Ledgers (account books)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Iron industry and trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History -- 18th century","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- History -- 18th century","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Ledgers (account books)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 CD-ROM","0.23 Gigabytes 1 digital file"],"extent_tesim":["1 CD-ROM","0.23 Gigabytes 1 digital file"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)"],"date_range_isim":[1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe digital images of the collection are arranged in the same order as the original ledger.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The digital images of the collection are arranged in the same order as the original ledger."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eWayland, John Walter. \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://leo.jmu.edu/record=b1202746~S0\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eA History of Shenandoah County, Virginia\u003c/title\u003e. \u003c/extref\u003e Baltimore: Regional Pub. Co. 1980.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Wayland, John Walter.  A History of Shenandoah County, Virginia .   Baltimore: Regional Pub. Co. 1980."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePine Forge was an iron forge along Smith Creek, near New Market in Shenandoah County, Virginia. It is thought to have been built and operated by the family of Dirck Pennybacker, and his son Benjamin, in the late eighteenth/early nineteenth century. The forge eventually changed hands but remained in operation until the end of the nineteenth century.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Pine Forge was an iron forge along Smith Creek, near New Market in Shenandoah County, Virginia. It is thought to have been built and operated by the family of Dirck Pennybacker, and his son Benjamin, in the late eighteenth/early nineteenth century. The forge eventually changed hands but remained in operation until the end of the nineteenth century."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal ledger is retained by the donor.\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["Original ledger is retained by the donor."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMiller, Don C. Collection of Pine Forge Ledger, 1785-1799, SC 0175, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Miller, Don C. Collection of Pine Forge Ledger, 1785-1799, SC 0175, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital materials processed by Christina Bolgiano in 2010. A Kodak EasyShare digital camera on a copystand with tungsten lights was used to obtain 300 dpi JPG images. A white sheet of paper was inserted behind torn pages in the ledger to enhance legibility of the torn sheet. Several pages were photographed twice to make sure the best image was obtained. Therefore, there are some duplicate images on the CD-ROM. The ledger is avaialable for access as a pdf file. The collection was formerly assigned Collection Number SC 4049.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThough the original accession comprised of 1 optical disc (CD), three additional cds were made subsequently, to function as preservation master and use copies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Notes"],"processinfo_tesim":["Digital materials processed by Christina Bolgiano in 2010. A Kodak EasyShare digital camera on a copystand with tungsten lights was used to obtain 300 dpi JPG images. A white sheet of paper was inserted behind torn pages in the ledger to enhance legibility of the torn sheet. Several pages were photographed twice to make sure the best image was obtained. Therefore, there are some duplicate images on the CD-ROM. The ledger is avaialable for access as a pdf file. The collection was formerly assigned Collection Number SC 4049.","Though the original accession comprised of 1 optical disc (CD), three additional cds were made subsequently, to function as preservation master and use copies."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor similar ledgers from Pine Forge in the nineteenth century, see also UNC-Chapel Hill's \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lib.unc.edu/mss/inv/s/Shenandoah_County(Va.).html\"\u003eShenandoah County (Va.) Account Books 2934\u003c/extref\u003e, Southern Historical Collection, The Wilson Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials/Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["For similar ledgers from Pine Forge in the nineteenth century, see also UNC-Chapel Hill's  Shenandoah County (Va.) Account Books 2934 , Southern Historical Collection, The Wilson Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Don C. Miller Collection, 1785-1799, consists of one CD-ROM containing 200+ digital images of one bound ledger, 12 inches tall by 7.5 inches wide, from the Pine Forge iron forge near New Market, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe handwritten ledger contains accounts from Pine Forge. These accounts consist of entries of names and charges, written in pounds, shillings and pence, for a variety of services and products including steel, iron, sheep, mill services, and a wide array of foods.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Don C. Miller Collection, 1785-1799, consists of one CD-ROM containing 200+ digital images of one bound ledger, 12 inches tall by 7.5 inches wide, from the Pine Forge iron forge near New Market, Virginia. ","The handwritten ledger contains accounts from Pine Forge. These accounts consist of entries of names and charges, written in pounds, shillings and pence, for a variety of services and products including steel, iron, sheep, mill services, and a wide array of foods."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu). Please submit an \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lib.jmu.edu/forms/QuoteOrPubForm.aspx\"\u003eapplication\u003c/extref\u003e for permission to quote or publish.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu). Please submit an  application  for permission to quote or publish."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a8a4006e97a7052f2fef166c02a16d05\"\u003eThe Don C. Miller Collection of Pine Forge Ledger, 1785-1799, consists of one CD-ROM containing 230 digital images of one bound ledger, 12 inches tall by 7.5 inches wide, from the Pine Forge iron forge near New Market, Va.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Don C. Miller Collection of Pine Forge Ledger, 1785-1799, consists of one CD-ROM containing 230 digital images of one bound ledger, 12 inches tall by 7.5 inches wide, from the Pine Forge iron forge near New Market, Va."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Pennybacker family -- Records and correspondence","Don C. Miller"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Pennybacker family -- Records and correspondence","Don C. Miller"],"famname_ssim":["Pennybacker family -- Records and correspondence"],"persname_ssim":["Don C. Miller"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:36.405Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_312"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_308","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Iron Foundry Ledger","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_308#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_308#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797 - 1798, consists of one photocopied ledger from an iron foundry or related iron business, possibly Pine Forge, in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, with lists of items sold such as bar iron, provisions, sundries, and horse provender.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_308#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_308","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_308","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_308","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_308","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_308.xml","title_ssm":["Iron Foundry Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Iron Foundry Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1797-1798"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1797-1798"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0165","/repositories/4/resources/308"],"text":["SC 0165","/repositories/4/resources/308","Iron Foundry Ledger","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- Accounting","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- History -- 18th century","Iron industry and trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History -- 18th century","Industries -- Virginia -- New Market","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Business records","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The ledger is arranged in five folders.","Wayland, John W.  A History of Shenandoah County, Virginia . 2nd ed. Baltimore: Regional Publishing Company, 1980, pg. 553.","According to notes from the donor the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870 and the original leather bound ledger had the name and date of Benjamin Garber, 1870 inscribed on the front cover along with the letters \"LD.\" The back of the ledger contained the letters \"IXO\" along with the date 1848. Notes from the donor also suggest that the ledger may originated from the Pine Forge iron foundry once located along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia and operated by the Pennybacker family. The ledger contains accounts for D. Pennybacker and also Pine Forge, and the handwriting within the ledger is identical to that of an earlier Pine Forge Ledger, contained in the Don C. Miller Collection. According to donor notes, the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870.","The account for D. Pennybacker is most likely Dirck Pennyback, 1737 - 1799, who came to the Shenandoah Valley in 1781 and built Redwell Furnace along Hawksbill Creek near Luray, Virginia. Around 1785 he also established an iron-working business called Pine Forge along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia. Dirck Pennybacker operated Pine Forge with his son Benjamin--also represented in the ledger--until Dirck died in 1799, at which point Benjamin continued operations until the early 19th century when ownership changed. Pine Forge was an extensive and successful operation and was well known throughout the county.","Original ledger retained by the donor.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4036 .","The Iron Foundry Ledger consists of one photocopied ledger dated from 1797 – 1798. Names of customers, including Dirck Pennybacker, Benjamin Pennybacker, and Pine Forge, along with the abbreviation \"Dr.\" used to indicated debtor, and \"Contra\" to indicate payment or credit received, are listed throughout the ledger along with amounts due or paid. Items listed include bar iron, general charge, provision, sundries, horse provender, cash, and bonds \u0026 notes. Other content within the ledgers includes writing of popular quotes, letters of the alphabet, small drawings, and the signature of Benjamin Garber written in the margins and around the ledger text.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797 - 1798, consists of one photocopied ledger from an iron foundry or related iron business, possibly Pine Forge, in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, with lists of items sold such as bar iron, provisions, sundries, and horse provender.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0165","/repositories/4/resources/308"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Iron Foundry Ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["Iron Foundry Ledger"],"collection_ssim":["Iron Foundry Ledger"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"creator_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"creators_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The photocopied ledger was donated by Clarence Geier who had acquired the copy of the ledger from Dale McAllister of Singers Glen, Virginia in 2001. It was previously obtained from members of the Garber family of Shenandoah County, Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Iron foundries -- Virginia -- Accounting","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- History -- 18th century","Iron industry and trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History -- 18th century","Industries -- Virginia -- New Market","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Iron foundries -- Virginia -- Accounting","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- History -- 18th century","Iron industry and trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History -- 18th century","Industries -- Virginia -- New Market","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 cubic feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 cubic feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"date_range_isim":[1797,1798],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe ledger is arranged in five folders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The ledger is arranged in five folders."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eWayland, John W. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA History of Shenandoah County, Virginia\u003c/emph\u003e. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Regional Publishing Company, 1980, pg. 553.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Wayland, John W.  A History of Shenandoah County, Virginia . 2nd ed. Baltimore: Regional Publishing Company, 1980, pg. 553."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccording to notes from the donor the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870 and the original leather bound ledger had the name and date of Benjamin Garber, 1870 inscribed on the front cover along with the letters \"LD.\" The back of the ledger contained the letters \"IXO\" along with the date 1848. Notes from the donor also suggest that the ledger may originated from the Pine Forge iron foundry once located along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia and operated by the Pennybacker family. The ledger contains accounts for D. Pennybacker and also Pine Forge, and the handwriting within the ledger is identical to that of an earlier Pine Forge Ledger, contained in the Don C. Miller Collection. According to donor notes, the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe account for D. Pennybacker is most likely Dirck Pennyback, 1737 - 1799, who came to the Shenandoah Valley in 1781 and built Redwell Furnace along Hawksbill Creek near Luray, Virginia. Around 1785 he also established an iron-working business called Pine Forge along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia. Dirck Pennybacker operated Pine Forge with his son Benjamin--also represented in the ledger--until Dirck died in 1799, at which point Benjamin continued operations until the early 19th century when ownership changed. Pine Forge was an extensive and successful operation and was well known throughout the county.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["According to notes from the donor the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870 and the original leather bound ledger had the name and date of Benjamin Garber, 1870 inscribed on the front cover along with the letters \"LD.\" The back of the ledger contained the letters \"IXO\" along with the date 1848. Notes from the donor also suggest that the ledger may originated from the Pine Forge iron foundry once located along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia and operated by the Pennybacker family. The ledger contains accounts for D. Pennybacker and also Pine Forge, and the handwriting within the ledger is identical to that of an earlier Pine Forge Ledger, contained in the Don C. Miller Collection. According to donor notes, the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870.","The account for D. Pennybacker is most likely Dirck Pennyback, 1737 - 1799, who came to the Shenandoah Valley in 1781 and built Redwell Furnace along Hawksbill Creek near Luray, Virginia. Around 1785 he also established an iron-working business called Pine Forge along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia. Dirck Pennybacker operated Pine Forge with his son Benjamin--also represented in the ledger--until Dirck died in 1799, at which point Benjamin continued operations until the early 19th century when ownership changed. Pine Forge was an extensive and successful operation and was well known throughout the county."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal ledger retained by the donor.\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["Original ledger retained by the donor."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797-1798, SC 0165, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797-1798, SC 0165, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 4036\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4036 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Iron Foundry Ledger consists of one photocopied ledger dated from 1797 – 1798. Names of customers, including Dirck Pennybacker, Benjamin Pennybacker, and Pine Forge, along with the abbreviation \"Dr.\" used to indicated debtor, and \"Contra\" to indicate payment or credit received, are listed throughout the ledger along with amounts due or paid. Items listed include bar iron, general charge, provision, sundries, horse provender, cash, and bonds \u0026amp; notes. Other content within the ledgers includes writing of popular quotes, letters of the alphabet, small drawings, and the signature of Benjamin Garber written in the margins and around the ledger text.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Iron Foundry Ledger consists of one photocopied ledger dated from 1797 – 1798. Names of customers, including Dirck Pennybacker, Benjamin Pennybacker, and Pine Forge, along with the abbreviation \"Dr.\" used to indicated debtor, and \"Contra\" to indicate payment or credit received, are listed throughout the ledger along with amounts due or paid. Items listed include bar iron, general charge, provision, sundries, horse provender, cash, and bonds \u0026 notes. Other content within the ledgers includes writing of popular quotes, letters of the alphabet, small drawings, and the signature of Benjamin Garber written in the margins and around the ledger text."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_68afca43f7b5cff8cefced0c30a7185a\"\u003eThe Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797 - 1798, consists of one photocopied ledger from an iron foundry or related iron business, possibly Pine Forge, in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, with lists of items sold such as bar iron, provisions, sundries, and horse provender.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797 - 1798, consists of one photocopied ledger from an iron foundry or related iron business, possibly Pine Forge, in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, with lists of items sold such as bar iron, provisions, sundries, and horse provender."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:21:32.588Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_308","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_308","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_308","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_308","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_308.xml","title_ssm":["Iron Foundry Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Iron Foundry Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1797-1798"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1797-1798"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0165","/repositories/4/resources/308"],"text":["SC 0165","/repositories/4/resources/308","Iron Foundry Ledger","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- Accounting","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- History -- 18th century","Iron industry and trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History -- 18th century","Industries -- Virginia -- New Market","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Business records","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The ledger is arranged in five folders.","Wayland, John W.  A History of Shenandoah County, Virginia . 2nd ed. Baltimore: Regional Publishing Company, 1980, pg. 553.","According to notes from the donor the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870 and the original leather bound ledger had the name and date of Benjamin Garber, 1870 inscribed on the front cover along with the letters \"LD.\" The back of the ledger contained the letters \"IXO\" along with the date 1848. Notes from the donor also suggest that the ledger may originated from the Pine Forge iron foundry once located along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia and operated by the Pennybacker family. The ledger contains accounts for D. Pennybacker and also Pine Forge, and the handwriting within the ledger is identical to that of an earlier Pine Forge Ledger, contained in the Don C. Miller Collection. According to donor notes, the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870.","The account for D. Pennybacker is most likely Dirck Pennyback, 1737 - 1799, who came to the Shenandoah Valley in 1781 and built Redwell Furnace along Hawksbill Creek near Luray, Virginia. Around 1785 he also established an iron-working business called Pine Forge along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia. Dirck Pennybacker operated Pine Forge with his son Benjamin--also represented in the ledger--until Dirck died in 1799, at which point Benjamin continued operations until the early 19th century when ownership changed. Pine Forge was an extensive and successful operation and was well known throughout the county.","Original ledger retained by the donor.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4036 .","The Iron Foundry Ledger consists of one photocopied ledger dated from 1797 – 1798. Names of customers, including Dirck Pennybacker, Benjamin Pennybacker, and Pine Forge, along with the abbreviation \"Dr.\" used to indicated debtor, and \"Contra\" to indicate payment or credit received, are listed throughout the ledger along with amounts due or paid. Items listed include bar iron, general charge, provision, sundries, horse provender, cash, and bonds \u0026 notes. Other content within the ledgers includes writing of popular quotes, letters of the alphabet, small drawings, and the signature of Benjamin Garber written in the margins and around the ledger text.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797 - 1798, consists of one photocopied ledger from an iron foundry or related iron business, possibly Pine Forge, in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, with lists of items sold such as bar iron, provisions, sundries, and horse provender.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0165","/repositories/4/resources/308"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Iron Foundry Ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["Iron Foundry Ledger"],"collection_ssim":["Iron Foundry Ledger"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"creator_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"creators_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The photocopied ledger was donated by Clarence Geier who had acquired the copy of the ledger from Dale McAllister of Singers Glen, Virginia in 2001. It was previously obtained from members of the Garber family of Shenandoah County, Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Iron foundries -- Virginia -- Accounting","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- History -- 18th century","Iron industry and trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History -- 18th century","Industries -- Virginia -- New Market","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Iron foundries -- Virginia -- Accounting","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- History -- 18th century","Iron industry and trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History -- 18th century","Industries -- Virginia -- New Market","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 cubic feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 cubic feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"date_range_isim":[1797,1798],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe ledger is arranged in five folders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The ledger is arranged in five folders."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eWayland, John W. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA History of Shenandoah County, Virginia\u003c/emph\u003e. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Regional Publishing Company, 1980, pg. 553.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Wayland, John W.  A History of Shenandoah County, Virginia . 2nd ed. Baltimore: Regional Publishing Company, 1980, pg. 553."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccording to notes from the donor the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870 and the original leather bound ledger had the name and date of Benjamin Garber, 1870 inscribed on the front cover along with the letters \"LD.\" The back of the ledger contained the letters \"IXO\" along with the date 1848. Notes from the donor also suggest that the ledger may originated from the Pine Forge iron foundry once located along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia and operated by the Pennybacker family. The ledger contains accounts for D. Pennybacker and also Pine Forge, and the handwriting within the ledger is identical to that of an earlier Pine Forge Ledger, contained in the Don C. Miller Collection. According to donor notes, the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe account for D. Pennybacker is most likely Dirck Pennyback, 1737 - 1799, who came to the Shenandoah Valley in 1781 and built Redwell Furnace along Hawksbill Creek near Luray, Virginia. Around 1785 he also established an iron-working business called Pine Forge along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia. Dirck Pennybacker operated Pine Forge with his son Benjamin--also represented in the ledger--until Dirck died in 1799, at which point Benjamin continued operations until the early 19th century when ownership changed. Pine Forge was an extensive and successful operation and was well known throughout the county.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["According to notes from the donor the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870 and the original leather bound ledger had the name and date of Benjamin Garber, 1870 inscribed on the front cover along with the letters \"LD.\" The back of the ledger contained the letters \"IXO\" along with the date 1848. Notes from the donor also suggest that the ledger may originated from the Pine Forge iron foundry once located along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia and operated by the Pennybacker family. The ledger contains accounts for D. Pennybacker and also Pine Forge, and the handwriting within the ledger is identical to that of an earlier Pine Forge Ledger, contained in the Don C. Miller Collection. According to donor notes, the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870.","The account for D. Pennybacker is most likely Dirck Pennyback, 1737 - 1799, who came to the Shenandoah Valley in 1781 and built Redwell Furnace along Hawksbill Creek near Luray, Virginia. Around 1785 he also established an iron-working business called Pine Forge along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia. Dirck Pennybacker operated Pine Forge with his son Benjamin--also represented in the ledger--until Dirck died in 1799, at which point Benjamin continued operations until the early 19th century when ownership changed. Pine Forge was an extensive and successful operation and was well known throughout the county."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal ledger retained by the donor.\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["Original ledger retained by the donor."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797-1798, SC 0165, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797-1798, SC 0165, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 4036\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4036 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Iron Foundry Ledger consists of one photocopied ledger dated from 1797 – 1798. Names of customers, including Dirck Pennybacker, Benjamin Pennybacker, and Pine Forge, along with the abbreviation \"Dr.\" used to indicated debtor, and \"Contra\" to indicate payment or credit received, are listed throughout the ledger along with amounts due or paid. Items listed include bar iron, general charge, provision, sundries, horse provender, cash, and bonds \u0026amp; notes. Other content within the ledgers includes writing of popular quotes, letters of the alphabet, small drawings, and the signature of Benjamin Garber written in the margins and around the ledger text.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Iron Foundry Ledger consists of one photocopied ledger dated from 1797 – 1798. Names of customers, including Dirck Pennybacker, Benjamin Pennybacker, and Pine Forge, along with the abbreviation \"Dr.\" used to indicated debtor, and \"Contra\" to indicate payment or credit received, are listed throughout the ledger along with amounts due or paid. Items listed include bar iron, general charge, provision, sundries, horse provender, cash, and bonds \u0026 notes. Other content within the ledgers includes writing of popular quotes, letters of the alphabet, small drawings, and the signature of Benjamin Garber written in the margins and around the ledger text."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_68afca43f7b5cff8cefced0c30a7185a\"\u003eThe Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797 - 1798, consists of one photocopied ledger from an iron foundry or related iron business, possibly Pine Forge, in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, with lists of items sold such as bar iron, provisions, sundries, and horse provender.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797 - 1798, consists of one photocopied ledger from an iron foundry or related iron business, possibly Pine Forge, in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, with lists of items sold such as bar iron, provisions, sundries, and horse provender."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:21:32.588Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_308"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_265","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Lumber Ledgers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_265#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_265#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Two ledgers likely documenting a sawmill or lumber operation in western Virginia or Pendleton County, West Virginia. The surnames present in the ledgers also indicate a potential connection to Pennsylvania.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_265#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_265","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_265","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_265","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_265","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_265.xml","title_ssm":["Lumber Ledgers"],"title_tesim":["Lumber Ledgers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1883-1890"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1883-1890"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0110","/repositories/4/resources/265"],"text":["SC 0110","/repositories/4/resources/265","Lumber Ledgers","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Pendleton County (W. Va.) -- History","Account books -- Sources","Business records -- Sources","Sawmills -- Accounting -- Sources","Sawmills -- Economic aspects -- Allegheny Mountains","Sawmills -- Virginia","Sawmills -- West Virginia","Forest products industry -- Allegheny Mountains","Forests and forestry -- Economic aspects","Lumber -- Prices","Lumber trade -- Economic aspects -- Allegheny Mountains","Lumber trade -- History -- 19th century","Lumber trade -- Marketing -- 19th century","Lumber trade -- Virginia","Lumber trade -- West Virginia","Lumber -- Transportation -- Prices","Forests and forestry -- Economic aspects","Lumbering -- Allegheny Mountains","Logging -- Allegheny Mountains","Log transportation","Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","Railroad ties","Bark -- Utilization -- Costs","Bark -- Transportation -- Costs","Farm supply industries -- Costs","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Business records","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The ledgers are housed in one folder.","The ledgers originated from the estate of Jim and Pam Kiser in Woodstock, Virginia.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2090.","The ledgers, dated 1883-1890, likely document a sawmill operation. The exact  provenance of the ledgers is unknown, but according to the previous owners the location of the business operation was most likely Shenandoah or Rockingham counties in Virginia or Pendleton County, West Virginia. However, the surnames present in the ledgers, including Royer, Biddle, Schumaker, Detwiler, Brenneman, Solenberger, etc., also indicate a probable connection to Pennsylvania.","The majority of entries, made under individual names, are payments for chopping, hauling, and sawing logs or making boards or planks; some refer to other lumber products such as switch and first and second class ties (presumably for a railroad). Many of the entries document the 1890 tanbark peeling season, beginning on April 28 with notations for \"making road,\" then on April 29 into mid-June for peeling, hauling, sledding, ranking, carrying out, and loading bark in car (again, presumably railroad). Other commodities are also occasionally mentioned, including cabbage, apple butter, potatoes, buckwheat, wheat, tobacco, beef, pork, articles of clothing, and blankets.","Among others, names repeated throughout the ledgers include Andrew Solenberger, Franklin Breniman/Brenneman, George Sailer, Jacob Snively, John Detwiler, Orville Snively, Jacob Fry, Jacob Schumaker, Samuel Fouse, and Andrew Biddle.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Two ledgers likely documenting a sawmill or lumber operation in western Virginia or Pendleton County, West Virginia. The surnames present in the ledgers also indicate a potential connection to Pennsylvania.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0110","/repositories/4/resources/265"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lumber Ledgers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lumber Ledgers"],"collection_ssim":["Lumber Ledgers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Pendleton County (W. Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Pendleton County (W. Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creators_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Pendleton County (W. Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased at the Green Valley Auction Barn in November 1998."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Account books -- Sources","Business records -- Sources","Sawmills -- Accounting -- Sources","Sawmills -- Economic aspects -- Allegheny Mountains","Sawmills -- Virginia","Sawmills -- West Virginia","Forest products industry -- Allegheny Mountains","Forests and forestry -- Economic aspects","Lumber -- Prices","Lumber trade -- Economic aspects -- Allegheny Mountains","Lumber trade -- History -- 19th century","Lumber trade -- Marketing -- 19th century","Lumber trade -- Virginia","Lumber trade -- West Virginia","Lumber -- Transportation -- Prices","Forests and forestry -- Economic aspects","Lumbering -- Allegheny Mountains","Logging -- Allegheny Mountains","Log transportation","Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","Railroad ties","Bark -- Utilization -- Costs","Bark -- Transportation -- Costs","Farm supply industries -- Costs","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Account books -- Sources","Business records -- Sources","Sawmills -- Accounting -- Sources","Sawmills -- Economic aspects -- Allegheny Mountains","Sawmills -- Virginia","Sawmills -- West Virginia","Forest products industry -- Allegheny Mountains","Forests and forestry -- Economic aspects","Lumber -- Prices","Lumber trade -- Economic aspects -- Allegheny Mountains","Lumber trade -- History -- 19th century","Lumber trade -- Marketing -- 19th century","Lumber trade -- Virginia","Lumber trade -- West Virginia","Lumber -- Transportation -- Prices","Forests and forestry -- Economic aspects","Lumbering -- Allegheny Mountains","Logging -- Allegheny Mountains","Log transportation","Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","Railroad ties","Bark -- Utilization -- Costs","Bark -- Transportation -- Costs","Farm supply industries -- Costs","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"date_range_isim":[1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe ledgers are housed in one folder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The ledgers are housed in one folder."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe ledgers originated from the estate of Jim and Pam Kiser in Woodstock, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["The ledgers originated from the estate of Jim and Pam Kiser in Woodstock, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of Item], [box #, folder #], Lumber Ledgers, SC 0110, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of Item], [box #, folder #], Lumber Ledgers, SC 0110, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 2090.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2090."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe ledgers, dated 1883-1890, likely document a sawmill operation. The exact  provenance of the ledgers is unknown, but according to the previous owners the location of the business operation was most likely Shenandoah or Rockingham counties in Virginia or Pendleton County, West Virginia. However, the surnames present in the ledgers, including Royer, Biddle, Schumaker, Detwiler, Brenneman, Solenberger, etc., also indicate a probable connection to Pennsylvania.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of entries, made under individual names, are payments for chopping, hauling, and sawing logs or making boards or planks; some refer to other lumber products such as switch and first and second class ties (presumably for a railroad). Many of the entries document the 1890 tanbark peeling season, beginning on April 28 with notations for \"making road,\" then on April 29 into mid-June for peeling, hauling, sledding, ranking, carrying out, and loading bark in car (again, presumably railroad). Other commodities are also occasionally mentioned, including cabbage, apple butter, potatoes, buckwheat, wheat, tobacco, beef, pork, articles of clothing, and blankets.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAmong others, names repeated throughout the ledgers include Andrew Solenberger, Franklin Breniman/Brenneman, George Sailer, Jacob Snively, John Detwiler, Orville Snively, Jacob Fry, Jacob Schumaker, Samuel Fouse, and Andrew Biddle.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The ledgers, dated 1883-1890, likely document a sawmill operation. The exact  provenance of the ledgers is unknown, but according to the previous owners the location of the business operation was most likely Shenandoah or Rockingham counties in Virginia or Pendleton County, West Virginia. However, the surnames present in the ledgers, including Royer, Biddle, Schumaker, Detwiler, Brenneman, Solenberger, etc., also indicate a probable connection to Pennsylvania.","The majority of entries, made under individual names, are payments for chopping, hauling, and sawing logs or making boards or planks; some refer to other lumber products such as switch and first and second class ties (presumably for a railroad). Many of the entries document the 1890 tanbark peeling season, beginning on April 28 with notations for \"making road,\" then on April 29 into mid-June for peeling, hauling, sledding, ranking, carrying out, and loading bark in car (again, presumably railroad). Other commodities are also occasionally mentioned, including cabbage, apple butter, potatoes, buckwheat, wheat, tobacco, beef, pork, articles of clothing, and blankets.","Among others, names repeated throughout the ledgers include Andrew Solenberger, Franklin Breniman/Brenneman, George Sailer, Jacob Snively, John Detwiler, Orville Snively, Jacob Fry, Jacob Schumaker, Samuel Fouse, and Andrew Biddle."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1c799928be6c774a620bb91b9facf838\"\u003eTwo ledgers likely documenting a sawmill or lumber operation in western Virginia or Pendleton County, West Virginia. The surnames present in the ledgers also indicate a potential connection to Pennsylvania.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Two ledgers likely documenting a sawmill or lumber operation in western Virginia or Pendleton County, West Virginia. The surnames present in the ledgers also indicate a potential connection to Pennsylvania."],"names_coll_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:17:52.266Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_265","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_265","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_265","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_265","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_265.xml","title_ssm":["Lumber Ledgers"],"title_tesim":["Lumber Ledgers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1883-1890"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1883-1890"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0110","/repositories/4/resources/265"],"text":["SC 0110","/repositories/4/resources/265","Lumber Ledgers","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Pendleton County (W. Va.) -- History","Account books -- Sources","Business records -- Sources","Sawmills -- Accounting -- Sources","Sawmills -- Economic aspects -- Allegheny Mountains","Sawmills -- Virginia","Sawmills -- West Virginia","Forest products industry -- Allegheny Mountains","Forests and forestry -- Economic aspects","Lumber -- Prices","Lumber trade -- Economic aspects -- Allegheny Mountains","Lumber trade -- History -- 19th century","Lumber trade -- Marketing -- 19th century","Lumber trade -- Virginia","Lumber trade -- West Virginia","Lumber -- Transportation -- Prices","Forests and forestry -- Economic aspects","Lumbering -- Allegheny Mountains","Logging -- Allegheny Mountains","Log transportation","Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","Railroad ties","Bark -- Utilization -- Costs","Bark -- Transportation -- Costs","Farm supply industries -- Costs","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Business records","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The ledgers are housed in one folder.","The ledgers originated from the estate of Jim and Pam Kiser in Woodstock, Virginia.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2090.","The ledgers, dated 1883-1890, likely document a sawmill operation. The exact  provenance of the ledgers is unknown, but according to the previous owners the location of the business operation was most likely Shenandoah or Rockingham counties in Virginia or Pendleton County, West Virginia. However, the surnames present in the ledgers, including Royer, Biddle, Schumaker, Detwiler, Brenneman, Solenberger, etc., also indicate a probable connection to Pennsylvania.","The majority of entries, made under individual names, are payments for chopping, hauling, and sawing logs or making boards or planks; some refer to other lumber products such as switch and first and second class ties (presumably for a railroad). Many of the entries document the 1890 tanbark peeling season, beginning on April 28 with notations for \"making road,\" then on April 29 into mid-June for peeling, hauling, sledding, ranking, carrying out, and loading bark in car (again, presumably railroad). Other commodities are also occasionally mentioned, including cabbage, apple butter, potatoes, buckwheat, wheat, tobacco, beef, pork, articles of clothing, and blankets.","Among others, names repeated throughout the ledgers include Andrew Solenberger, Franklin Breniman/Brenneman, George Sailer, Jacob Snively, John Detwiler, Orville Snively, Jacob Fry, Jacob Schumaker, Samuel Fouse, and Andrew Biddle.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Two ledgers likely documenting a sawmill or lumber operation in western Virginia or Pendleton County, West Virginia. The surnames present in the ledgers also indicate a potential connection to Pennsylvania.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0110","/repositories/4/resources/265"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lumber Ledgers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lumber Ledgers"],"collection_ssim":["Lumber Ledgers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Pendleton County (W. Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Pendleton County (W. Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creators_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Pendleton County (W. Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased at the Green Valley Auction Barn in November 1998."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Account books -- Sources","Business records -- Sources","Sawmills -- Accounting -- Sources","Sawmills -- Economic aspects -- Allegheny Mountains","Sawmills -- Virginia","Sawmills -- West Virginia","Forest products industry -- Allegheny Mountains","Forests and forestry -- Economic aspects","Lumber -- Prices","Lumber trade -- Economic aspects -- Allegheny Mountains","Lumber trade -- History -- 19th century","Lumber trade -- Marketing -- 19th century","Lumber trade -- Virginia","Lumber trade -- West Virginia","Lumber -- Transportation -- Prices","Forests and forestry -- Economic aspects","Lumbering -- Allegheny Mountains","Logging -- Allegheny Mountains","Log transportation","Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","Railroad ties","Bark -- Utilization -- Costs","Bark -- Transportation -- Costs","Farm supply industries -- Costs","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Account books -- Sources","Business records -- Sources","Sawmills -- Accounting -- Sources","Sawmills -- Economic aspects -- Allegheny Mountains","Sawmills -- Virginia","Sawmills -- West Virginia","Forest products industry -- Allegheny Mountains","Forests and forestry -- Economic aspects","Lumber -- Prices","Lumber trade -- Economic aspects -- Allegheny Mountains","Lumber trade -- History -- 19th century","Lumber trade -- Marketing -- 19th century","Lumber trade -- Virginia","Lumber trade -- West Virginia","Lumber -- Transportation -- Prices","Forests and forestry -- Economic aspects","Lumbering -- Allegheny Mountains","Logging -- Allegheny Mountains","Log transportation","Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","Railroad ties","Bark -- Utilization -- Costs","Bark -- Transportation -- Costs","Farm supply industries -- Costs","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"date_range_isim":[1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe ledgers are housed in one folder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The ledgers are housed in one folder."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe ledgers originated from the estate of Jim and Pam Kiser in Woodstock, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["The ledgers originated from the estate of Jim and Pam Kiser in Woodstock, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of Item], [box #, folder #], Lumber Ledgers, SC 0110, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of Item], [box #, folder #], Lumber Ledgers, SC 0110, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 2090.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2090."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe ledgers, dated 1883-1890, likely document a sawmill operation. The exact  provenance of the ledgers is unknown, but according to the previous owners the location of the business operation was most likely Shenandoah or Rockingham counties in Virginia or Pendleton County, West Virginia. However, the surnames present in the ledgers, including Royer, Biddle, Schumaker, Detwiler, Brenneman, Solenberger, etc., also indicate a probable connection to Pennsylvania.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of entries, made under individual names, are payments for chopping, hauling, and sawing logs or making boards or planks; some refer to other lumber products such as switch and first and second class ties (presumably for a railroad). Many of the entries document the 1890 tanbark peeling season, beginning on April 28 with notations for \"making road,\" then on April 29 into mid-June for peeling, hauling, sledding, ranking, carrying out, and loading bark in car (again, presumably railroad). Other commodities are also occasionally mentioned, including cabbage, apple butter, potatoes, buckwheat, wheat, tobacco, beef, pork, articles of clothing, and blankets.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAmong others, names repeated throughout the ledgers include Andrew Solenberger, Franklin Breniman/Brenneman, George Sailer, Jacob Snively, John Detwiler, Orville Snively, Jacob Fry, Jacob Schumaker, Samuel Fouse, and Andrew Biddle.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The ledgers, dated 1883-1890, likely document a sawmill operation. The exact  provenance of the ledgers is unknown, but according to the previous owners the location of the business operation was most likely Shenandoah or Rockingham counties in Virginia or Pendleton County, West Virginia. However, the surnames present in the ledgers, including Royer, Biddle, Schumaker, Detwiler, Brenneman, Solenberger, etc., also indicate a probable connection to Pennsylvania.","The majority of entries, made under individual names, are payments for chopping, hauling, and sawing logs or making boards or planks; some refer to other lumber products such as switch and first and second class ties (presumably for a railroad). Many of the entries document the 1890 tanbark peeling season, beginning on April 28 with notations for \"making road,\" then on April 29 into mid-June for peeling, hauling, sledding, ranking, carrying out, and loading bark in car (again, presumably railroad). Other commodities are also occasionally mentioned, including cabbage, apple butter, potatoes, buckwheat, wheat, tobacco, beef, pork, articles of clothing, and blankets.","Among others, names repeated throughout the ledgers include Andrew Solenberger, Franklin Breniman/Brenneman, George Sailer, Jacob Snively, John Detwiler, Orville Snively, Jacob Fry, Jacob Schumaker, Samuel Fouse, and Andrew Biddle."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1c799928be6c774a620bb91b9facf838\"\u003eTwo ledgers likely documenting a sawmill or lumber operation in western Virginia or Pendleton County, West Virginia. The surnames present in the ledgers also indicate a potential connection to Pennsylvania.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Two ledgers likely documenting a sawmill or lumber operation in western Virginia or Pendleton County, West Virginia. The surnames present in the ledgers also indicate a potential connection to Pennsylvania."],"names_coll_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:17:52.266Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_265"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_314","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Shenandoah County Mill Ledger","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_314#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Shenandoah County Mill","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_314#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Shenandoah County Mill Ledger, 1869-1944, consists of one disbound ledger holding approximately 100 numbered pages. Account entries list: commodity, purchaser, type, amount and price. Commodities mentioned include: seeds, corn meal, eggs, brooms, tubs, crockery, apples, cash, and shoes, among other items. Work for hire is also recorded.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_314#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_314","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_314","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_314","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_314","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_314.xml","title_ssm":["Shenandoah County Mill Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Shenandoah County Mill Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1869-1944"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1869-1944"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0178","/repositories/4/resources/314"],"text":["SC 0178","/repositories/4/resources/314","Shenandoah County Mill Ledger","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Sawmills -- Accounting","Gristmills -- Accounting","Sawmills -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Flour mills -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Gristmills -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Mills and mill-work -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Ledgers (account books)","Business records","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Original pagination retained.","Lathrop, J.M.  An Atlas of Shenandoah and Page Counties, Virginia; from actual surveys by J.M. Lathrop and B.N. Griffing.  Strasburg, Va.: GP Hammond Pub., 1991. Originally published as: Philadelphia, Pa.: D.J. Lake \u0026 Co., 1885.","This account ledger appears to document the business transactions of a Shenandoah County grist or sawmill, the exact location of which is unknown. Notes from a previous owner speculate that it is either Manor Mill or another mill west of New Market, perhaps near Quicksburg, on the Shenandoah River north of B.G. Manor. Names within the ledger correspond to those of the Lee Magisterial District which includes the town of New Market, Virginia.","Previously donated to MCHS by a private donor residing in Rockville, Maryland, whose father had acquired the ledger from a Shenandoah Valley book dealer.","Text block preserved; Pages 461-466 and 471-478 were missing upon receipt. Boards discarded due to previous water and mold damage. Blank pages were removed [pp. 165-234, 241-288, 293-416, 433-460]. Folio 289-292 had green script in an illegible hand on p.291 and was discarded.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4053 .","The Shenandoah County Mill Ledger, 1869-1944, consists of one disbound ledger (10\"x16\"x1\") holding approximately 100 numbered pages from a Guggenheimer and Weil, Stationers of Balto. Md. blank book. Account entries list: commodity, purchaser, type, amount and price. Commodities mentioned include: seeds, corn meal, eggs, brooms, tubs, crockery, apples, cash, and shoes, among other items. Work for hire is also recorded. Some activities listed are: carpentry, sharpening equipment, hauling wood and rock, making gates and cleaning the mill race. What appear to be traveling sales accounts appear around 1941. Place names Greencastle, Pennsylvania, Sharpsburg and Clearspring, Maryland, and Monroe County, Tennessee are mentioned. An index of personal names is listed in the first pages of the ledger. A small selection of the account names mentioned are: Clem, Funkhouser, Goladay, Henkle, Hess, Hoover, Newman, Olinger, and Pence.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Shenandoah County Mill Ledger, 1869-1944, consists of one disbound ledger holding approximately 100 numbered pages. Account entries list:  commodity, purchaser, type, amount and price. Commodities mentioned include: seeds, corn meal, eggs, brooms, tubs, crockery, apples, cash, and shoes, among other items. Work for hire is also recorded.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Shenandoah County Mill","Montgomery County Historical Society","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0178","/repositories/4/resources/314"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Shenandoah County Mill Ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["Shenandoah County Mill Ledger"],"collection_ssim":["Shenandoah County Mill Ledger"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources"],"creator_ssm":["Shenandoah County Mill","Montgomery County Historical Society"],"creator_ssim":["Shenandoah County Mill","Montgomery County Historical Society"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Shenandoah County Mill","Montgomery County Historical Society"],"creators_ssim":["Shenandoah County Mill","Montgomery County Historical Society"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Montgomery County Historical Society (MCHS), Rockville, Maryland, September 2006."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Sawmills -- Accounting","Gristmills -- Accounting","Sawmills -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Flour mills -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Gristmills -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Mills and mill-work -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Sawmills -- Accounting","Gristmills -- Accounting","Sawmills -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Flour mills -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Gristmills -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Mills and mill-work -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.09 cubic feet 1 enclosure"],"extent_tesim":["0.09 cubic feet 1 enclosure"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"date_range_isim":[1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal pagination retained.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Original pagination retained."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eLathrop, J.M. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAn Atlas of Shenandoah and Page Counties, Virginia; from actual surveys by J.M. Lathrop and B.N. Griffing.\u003c/emph\u003e Strasburg, Va.: GP Hammond Pub., 1991. Originally published as: Philadelphia, Pa.: D.J. Lake \u0026amp; Co., 1885.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Lathrop, J.M.  An Atlas of Shenandoah and Page Counties, Virginia; from actual surveys by J.M. Lathrop and B.N. Griffing.  Strasburg, Va.: GP Hammond Pub., 1991. Originally published as: Philadelphia, Pa.: D.J. Lake \u0026 Co., 1885."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis account ledger appears to document the business transactions of a Shenandoah County grist or sawmill, the exact location of which is unknown. Notes from a previous owner speculate that it is either Manor Mill or another mill west of New Market, perhaps near Quicksburg, on the Shenandoah River north of B.G. Manor. Names within the ledger correspond to those of the Lee Magisterial District which includes the town of New Market, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["This account ledger appears to document the business transactions of a Shenandoah County grist or sawmill, the exact location of which is unknown. Notes from a previous owner speculate that it is either Manor Mill or another mill west of New Market, perhaps near Quicksburg, on the Shenandoah River north of B.G. Manor. Names within the ledger correspond to those of the Lee Magisterial District which includes the town of New Market, Virginia."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePreviously donated to MCHS by a private donor residing in Rockville, Maryland, whose father had acquired the ledger from a Shenandoah Valley book dealer.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["Previously donated to MCHS by a private donor residing in Rockville, Maryland, whose father had acquired the ledger from a Shenandoah Valley book dealer."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Shenandoah County Mill Ledger, 1869-1944, SC 0178, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Shenandoah County Mill Ledger, 1869-1944, SC 0178, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eText block preserved; Pages 461-466 and 471-478 were missing upon receipt. Boards discarded due to previous water and mold damage. Blank pages were removed [pp. 165-234, 241-288, 293-416, 433-460]. Folio 289-292 had green script in an illegible hand on p.291 and was discarded.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 4053\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Text block preserved; Pages 461-466 and 471-478 were missing upon receipt. Boards discarded due to previous water and mold damage. Blank pages were removed [pp. 165-234, 241-288, 293-416, 433-460]. Folio 289-292 had green script in an illegible hand on p.291 and was discarded.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4053 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Shenandoah County Mill Ledger, 1869-1944, consists of one disbound ledger (10\"x16\"x1\") holding approximately 100 numbered pages from a Guggenheimer and Weil, Stationers of Balto. Md. blank book. Account entries list: commodity, purchaser, type, amount and price. Commodities mentioned include: seeds, corn meal, eggs, brooms, tubs, crockery, apples, cash, and shoes, among other items. Work for hire is also recorded. Some activities listed are: carpentry, sharpening equipment, hauling wood and rock, making gates and cleaning the mill race. What appear to be traveling sales accounts appear around 1941. Place names Greencastle, Pennsylvania, Sharpsburg and Clearspring, Maryland, and Monroe County, Tennessee are mentioned. An index of personal names is listed in the first pages of the ledger. A small selection of the account names mentioned are: Clem, Funkhouser, Goladay, Henkle, Hess, Hoover, Newman, Olinger, and Pence.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Shenandoah County Mill Ledger, 1869-1944, consists of one disbound ledger (10\"x16\"x1\") holding approximately 100 numbered pages from a Guggenheimer and Weil, Stationers of Balto. Md. blank book. Account entries list: commodity, purchaser, type, amount and price. Commodities mentioned include: seeds, corn meal, eggs, brooms, tubs, crockery, apples, cash, and shoes, among other items. Work for hire is also recorded. Some activities listed are: carpentry, sharpening equipment, hauling wood and rock, making gates and cleaning the mill race. What appear to be traveling sales accounts appear around 1941. Place names Greencastle, Pennsylvania, Sharpsburg and Clearspring, Maryland, and Monroe County, Tennessee are mentioned. An index of personal names is listed in the first pages of the ledger. A small selection of the account names mentioned are: Clem, Funkhouser, Goladay, Henkle, Hess, Hoover, Newman, Olinger, and Pence."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_66f23e8b0ab73c4f20eb830bb92d99ef\"\u003eThe Shenandoah County Mill Ledger, 1869-1944, consists of one disbound ledger holding approximately 100 numbered pages. Account entries list:  commodity, purchaser, type, amount and price. Commodities mentioned include: seeds, corn meal, eggs, brooms, tubs, crockery, apples, cash, and shoes, among other items. Work for hire is also recorded.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Shenandoah County Mill Ledger, 1869-1944, consists of one disbound ledger holding approximately 100 numbered pages. Account entries list:  commodity, purchaser, type, amount and price. Commodities mentioned include: seeds, corn meal, eggs, brooms, tubs, crockery, apples, cash, and shoes, among other items. Work for hire is also recorded."],"names_coll_ssim":["Montgomery County Historical Society"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Shenandoah County Mill","Montgomery County Historical Society"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Shenandoah County Mill","Montgomery County Historical Society"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:24:36.195Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_314","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_314","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_314","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_314","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_314.xml","title_ssm":["Shenandoah County Mill Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Shenandoah County Mill Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1869-1944"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1869-1944"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0178","/repositories/4/resources/314"],"text":["SC 0178","/repositories/4/resources/314","Shenandoah County Mill Ledger","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Sawmills -- Accounting","Gristmills -- Accounting","Sawmills -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Flour mills -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Gristmills -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Mills and mill-work -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Ledgers (account books)","Business records","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Original pagination retained.","Lathrop, J.M.  An Atlas of Shenandoah and Page Counties, Virginia; from actual surveys by J.M. Lathrop and B.N. Griffing.  Strasburg, Va.: GP Hammond Pub., 1991. Originally published as: Philadelphia, Pa.: D.J. Lake \u0026 Co., 1885.","This account ledger appears to document the business transactions of a Shenandoah County grist or sawmill, the exact location of which is unknown. Notes from a previous owner speculate that it is either Manor Mill or another mill west of New Market, perhaps near Quicksburg, on the Shenandoah River north of B.G. Manor. Names within the ledger correspond to those of the Lee Magisterial District which includes the town of New Market, Virginia.","Previously donated to MCHS by a private donor residing in Rockville, Maryland, whose father had acquired the ledger from a Shenandoah Valley book dealer.","Text block preserved; Pages 461-466 and 471-478 were missing upon receipt. Boards discarded due to previous water and mold damage. Blank pages were removed [pp. 165-234, 241-288, 293-416, 433-460]. Folio 289-292 had green script in an illegible hand on p.291 and was discarded.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4053 .","The Shenandoah County Mill Ledger, 1869-1944, consists of one disbound ledger (10\"x16\"x1\") holding approximately 100 numbered pages from a Guggenheimer and Weil, Stationers of Balto. Md. blank book. Account entries list: commodity, purchaser, type, amount and price. Commodities mentioned include: seeds, corn meal, eggs, brooms, tubs, crockery, apples, cash, and shoes, among other items. Work for hire is also recorded. Some activities listed are: carpentry, sharpening equipment, hauling wood and rock, making gates and cleaning the mill race. What appear to be traveling sales accounts appear around 1941. Place names Greencastle, Pennsylvania, Sharpsburg and Clearspring, Maryland, and Monroe County, Tennessee are mentioned. An index of personal names is listed in the first pages of the ledger. A small selection of the account names mentioned are: Clem, Funkhouser, Goladay, Henkle, Hess, Hoover, Newman, Olinger, and Pence.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Shenandoah County Mill Ledger, 1869-1944, consists of one disbound ledger holding approximately 100 numbered pages. Account entries list:  commodity, purchaser, type, amount and price. Commodities mentioned include: seeds, corn meal, eggs, brooms, tubs, crockery, apples, cash, and shoes, among other items. Work for hire is also recorded.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Shenandoah County Mill","Montgomery County Historical Society","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0178","/repositories/4/resources/314"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Shenandoah County Mill Ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["Shenandoah County Mill Ledger"],"collection_ssim":["Shenandoah County Mill Ledger"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources"],"creator_ssm":["Shenandoah County Mill","Montgomery County Historical Society"],"creator_ssim":["Shenandoah County Mill","Montgomery County Historical Society"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Shenandoah County Mill","Montgomery County Historical Society"],"creators_ssim":["Shenandoah County Mill","Montgomery County Historical Society"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Montgomery County Historical Society (MCHS), Rockville, Maryland, September 2006."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Sawmills -- Accounting","Gristmills -- Accounting","Sawmills -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Flour mills -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Gristmills -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Mills and mill-work -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Sawmills -- Accounting","Gristmills -- Accounting","Sawmills -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Flour mills -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Gristmills -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Mills and mill-work -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.09 cubic feet 1 enclosure"],"extent_tesim":["0.09 cubic feet 1 enclosure"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"date_range_isim":[1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal pagination retained.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Original pagination retained."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eLathrop, J.M. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAn Atlas of Shenandoah and Page Counties, Virginia; from actual surveys by J.M. Lathrop and B.N. Griffing.\u003c/emph\u003e Strasburg, Va.: GP Hammond Pub., 1991. Originally published as: Philadelphia, Pa.: D.J. Lake \u0026amp; Co., 1885.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Lathrop, J.M.  An Atlas of Shenandoah and Page Counties, Virginia; from actual surveys by J.M. Lathrop and B.N. Griffing.  Strasburg, Va.: GP Hammond Pub., 1991. Originally published as: Philadelphia, Pa.: D.J. Lake \u0026 Co., 1885."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis account ledger appears to document the business transactions of a Shenandoah County grist or sawmill, the exact location of which is unknown. Notes from a previous owner speculate that it is either Manor Mill or another mill west of New Market, perhaps near Quicksburg, on the Shenandoah River north of B.G. Manor. Names within the ledger correspond to those of the Lee Magisterial District which includes the town of New Market, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["This account ledger appears to document the business transactions of a Shenandoah County grist or sawmill, the exact location of which is unknown. Notes from a previous owner speculate that it is either Manor Mill or another mill west of New Market, perhaps near Quicksburg, on the Shenandoah River north of B.G. Manor. Names within the ledger correspond to those of the Lee Magisterial District which includes the town of New Market, Virginia."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePreviously donated to MCHS by a private donor residing in Rockville, Maryland, whose father had acquired the ledger from a Shenandoah Valley book dealer.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["Previously donated to MCHS by a private donor residing in Rockville, Maryland, whose father had acquired the ledger from a Shenandoah Valley book dealer."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Shenandoah County Mill Ledger, 1869-1944, SC 0178, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Shenandoah County Mill Ledger, 1869-1944, SC 0178, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eText block preserved; Pages 461-466 and 471-478 were missing upon receipt. Boards discarded due to previous water and mold damage. Blank pages were removed [pp. 165-234, 241-288, 293-416, 433-460]. Folio 289-292 had green script in an illegible hand on p.291 and was discarded.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 4053\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Text block preserved; Pages 461-466 and 471-478 were missing upon receipt. Boards discarded due to previous water and mold damage. Blank pages were removed [pp. 165-234, 241-288, 293-416, 433-460]. Folio 289-292 had green script in an illegible hand on p.291 and was discarded.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4053 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Shenandoah County Mill Ledger, 1869-1944, consists of one disbound ledger (10\"x16\"x1\") holding approximately 100 numbered pages from a Guggenheimer and Weil, Stationers of Balto. Md. blank book. Account entries list: commodity, purchaser, type, amount and price. Commodities mentioned include: seeds, corn meal, eggs, brooms, tubs, crockery, apples, cash, and shoes, among other items. Work for hire is also recorded. Some activities listed are: carpentry, sharpening equipment, hauling wood and rock, making gates and cleaning the mill race. What appear to be traveling sales accounts appear around 1941. Place names Greencastle, Pennsylvania, Sharpsburg and Clearspring, Maryland, and Monroe County, Tennessee are mentioned. An index of personal names is listed in the first pages of the ledger. A small selection of the account names mentioned are: Clem, Funkhouser, Goladay, Henkle, Hess, Hoover, Newman, Olinger, and Pence.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Shenandoah County Mill Ledger, 1869-1944, consists of one disbound ledger (10\"x16\"x1\") holding approximately 100 numbered pages from a Guggenheimer and Weil, Stationers of Balto. Md. blank book. Account entries list: commodity, purchaser, type, amount and price. Commodities mentioned include: seeds, corn meal, eggs, brooms, tubs, crockery, apples, cash, and shoes, among other items. Work for hire is also recorded. Some activities listed are: carpentry, sharpening equipment, hauling wood and rock, making gates and cleaning the mill race. What appear to be traveling sales accounts appear around 1941. Place names Greencastle, Pennsylvania, Sharpsburg and Clearspring, Maryland, and Monroe County, Tennessee are mentioned. An index of personal names is listed in the first pages of the ledger. A small selection of the account names mentioned are: Clem, Funkhouser, Goladay, Henkle, Hess, Hoover, Newman, Olinger, and Pence."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_66f23e8b0ab73c4f20eb830bb92d99ef\"\u003eThe Shenandoah County Mill Ledger, 1869-1944, consists of one disbound ledger holding approximately 100 numbered pages. Account entries list:  commodity, purchaser, type, amount and price. Commodities mentioned include: seeds, corn meal, eggs, brooms, tubs, crockery, apples, cash, and shoes, among other items. Work for hire is also recorded.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Shenandoah County Mill Ledger, 1869-1944, consists of one disbound ledger holding approximately 100 numbered pages. Account entries list:  commodity, purchaser, type, amount and price. Commodities mentioned include: seeds, corn meal, eggs, brooms, tubs, crockery, apples, cash, and shoes, among other items. Work for hire is also recorded."],"names_coll_ssim":["Montgomery County Historical Society"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Shenandoah County Mill","Montgomery County Historical Society"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Shenandoah County Mill","Montgomery County Historical Society"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:24:36.195Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_314"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_254","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Virginia Hisey Myers Collection of Shenandoah County Ledgers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_254#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Myers, Virginia Josephine Hisey, 1914-2015","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_254#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection consists of ten business ledgers from 1894-1900 for L. M. Hisey \u0026amp; Co. and Wightman, Hisey \u0026amp; Co., stores in Edinburg and Woodstock, Virginia, that list accounts and document business transactions for farm related products and implements. ","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_254#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_254","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_254","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_254","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_254","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_254.xml","title_ssm":["Virginia Hisey Myers Collection of Shenandoah County Ledgers"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Hisey Myers Collection of Shenandoah County Ledgers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1894-1900"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1894-1900"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0100","/repositories/4/resources/254"],"text":["SC 0100","/repositories/4/resources/254","Virginia Hisey Myers Collection of Shenandoah County Ledgers","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Farm supply industries","Farm supplies","Farm equipment","Agricultural implements","Selling -- Phosphate","Coal trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Wheat trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Selling -- Bark","Lumber trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Selling -- Corn","Selling -- Farm equipment","Selling -- Farm supplies","Selling -- Agricultural implements","Selling -- Agricultural machinery","Industries -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged in 2 boxes of 10 folders.","\"Commissioner's Office.\"  Shenandoah Herald , [Woodstock, VA] 13 May 1892: Vol. 72 No. 12.","\"Death in Shenandoah.\"  Richmond Times Dispatch, 1 November 1900: Whole Number 15,455, pg. 3.","\"Death of Mr. L. M. Hisey.\"  Shenandoah Herald , [Woodstock, VA] 2 November 1900: Vol. 83 No. 44.","Wightman, Hisey \u0026 Co., later called L. M. Hisey \u0026 Co., was a hardware store for farm related products and implements that operated in two locations in Edinburg and Woodstock Virginia in the 1890s. In an 1892 edition of the Shenandoah Herald, partners trading as Wightman, Hisey \u0026 Co. were listed as James Staunton, C. P. Wightman, Lemuel Hisey, and M. H. Hottel. Beginning around 1898, in local newspapers as well as in the business ledgers, the store is referred to as L. M. Hisey \u0026 Co. Advertisements for the two stores published in local Shenandoah Valley newspapers from 1891 - 1900 market a variety of goods, including corn and oat phosphate, coal and coal oil, wagons, plows, and various seed, among other goods.","Lemuel. M. Hisey, proprietor of L. M. Hisey \u0026 Co., was born in 1844 and died in 1900. He served as a Confederate soldier in Captain H. H. Riddleberger's company of the 23rd Va. Calvary, Imboden's Brigade. In his obituaries, he is noted as a prominent and successful businessman, and the firm of L. M. Hisey \u0026 Co. is described as \"among the leading and best known business establishments in the county.\"","In May 2017, this collection was renamed Virginia Hisey Myers Collection of Shenandoah County Ledgers, a change from Virginia Hisey Myers Collection. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2068.","This collection consists of ten business ledgers from L. M Hisey \u0026 Co. and Wightman, Hisey \u0026 Co. from 1894 – 1900. The ledgers document sales of and orders for agricultural and forestry items, especially phosphate, coal, wheat, bark, and lumber, as well as corn and various tools. Some ledgers also contain financial information about the companies, such as lists of notes due and bank deposit slips. Receipts and bills, inserted in a few of the ledgers, further document the businesses.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).","This collection consists of ten business ledgers from 1894-1900 for L. M. Hisey \u0026 Co. and Wightman, Hisey \u0026 Co., stores in Edinburg and Woodstock, Virginia, that list accounts and document business transactions for farm related products and implements. ","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","L. M. Hisey \u0026 Co. (Edinburg, Va.)","Merchants \u0026 Farmers Bank (Woodstock, Va.)","Wightman \u0026 Hisey Co. (Edinburg, Va.)","Myers, Virginia Josephine Hisey, 1914-2015","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0100","/repositories/4/resources/254"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Hisey Myers Collection of Shenandoah County Ledgers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Hisey Myers Collection of Shenandoah County Ledgers"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Hisey Myers Collection of Shenandoah County Ledgers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Myers, Virginia Josephine Hisey, 1914-2015"],"creator_ssim":["Myers, Virginia Josephine Hisey, 1914-2015"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Myers, Virginia Josephine Hisey, 1914-2015"],"creators_ssim":["Myers, Virginia Josephine Hisey, 1914-2015"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Mrs. Virginia Hisey Myers, through Mr. Douglas Dellinger, in November 1989."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Farm supply industries","Farm supplies","Farm equipment","Agricultural implements","Selling -- Phosphate","Coal trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Wheat trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Selling -- Bark","Lumber trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Selling -- Corn","Selling -- Farm equipment","Selling -- Farm supplies","Selling -- Agricultural implements","Selling -- Agricultural machinery","Industries -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Farm supply industries","Farm supplies","Farm equipment","Agricultural implements","Selling -- Phosphate","Coal trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Wheat trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Selling -- Bark","Lumber trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Selling -- Corn","Selling -- Farm equipment","Selling -- Farm supplies","Selling -- Agricultural implements","Selling -- Agricultural machinery","Industries -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.4 cubic feet 2 boxes, 10 ledgers"],"extent_tesim":["0.4 cubic feet 2 boxes, 10 ledgers"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)"],"date_range_isim":[1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in 2 boxes of 10 folders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in 2 boxes of 10 folders."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e\"Commissioner's Office.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eShenandoah Herald\u003c/emph\u003e, [Woodstock, VA] 13 May 1892: Vol. 72 No. 12.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Death in Shenandoah.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e\u003c/emph\u003eRichmond Times Dispatch, 1 November 1900: Whole Number 15,455, pg. 3.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Death of Mr. L. M. Hisey.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eShenandoah Herald\u003c/emph\u003e, [Woodstock, VA] 2 November 1900: Vol. 83 No. 44.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Commissioner's Office.\"  Shenandoah Herald , [Woodstock, VA] 13 May 1892: Vol. 72 No. 12.","\"Death in Shenandoah.\"  Richmond Times Dispatch, 1 November 1900: Whole Number 15,455, pg. 3.","\"Death of Mr. L. M. Hisey.\"  Shenandoah Herald , [Woodstock, VA] 2 November 1900: Vol. 83 No. 44."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWightman, Hisey \u0026amp; Co., later called L. M. Hisey \u0026amp; Co., was a hardware store for farm related products and implements that operated in two locations in Edinburg and Woodstock Virginia in the 1890s. In an 1892 edition of the Shenandoah Herald, partners trading as Wightman, Hisey \u0026amp; Co. were listed as James Staunton, C. P. Wightman, Lemuel Hisey, and M. H. Hottel. Beginning around 1898, in local newspapers as well as in the business ledgers, the store is referred to as L. M. Hisey \u0026amp; Co. Advertisements for the two stores published in local Shenandoah Valley newspapers from 1891 - 1900 market a variety of goods, including corn and oat phosphate, coal and coal oil, wagons, plows, and various seed, among other goods.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLemuel. M. Hisey, proprietor of L. M. Hisey \u0026amp; Co., was born in 1844 and died in 1900. He served as a Confederate soldier in Captain H. H. Riddleberger's company of the 23rd Va. Calvary, Imboden's Brigade. In his obituaries, he is noted as a prominent and successful businessman, and the firm of L. M. Hisey \u0026amp; Co. is described as \"among the leading and best known business establishments in the county.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Wightman, Hisey \u0026 Co., later called L. M. Hisey \u0026 Co., was a hardware store for farm related products and implements that operated in two locations in Edinburg and Woodstock Virginia in the 1890s. In an 1892 edition of the Shenandoah Herald, partners trading as Wightman, Hisey \u0026 Co. were listed as James Staunton, C. P. Wightman, Lemuel Hisey, and M. H. Hottel. Beginning around 1898, in local newspapers as well as in the business ledgers, the store is referred to as L. M. Hisey \u0026 Co. Advertisements for the two stores published in local Shenandoah Valley newspapers from 1891 - 1900 market a variety of goods, including corn and oat phosphate, coal and coal oil, wagons, plows, and various seed, among other goods.","Lemuel. M. Hisey, proprietor of L. M. Hisey \u0026 Co., was born in 1844 and died in 1900. He served as a Confederate soldier in Captain H. H. Riddleberger's company of the 23rd Va. Calvary, Imboden's Brigade. In his obituaries, he is noted as a prominent and successful businessman, and the firm of L. M. Hisey \u0026 Co. is described as \"among the leading and best known business establishments in the county.\""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of Item], [box #, folder #], Virginia Hisey Myers Collection of Shenandoah County Ledgers, 1894-1900, SC 0100, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of Item], [box #, folder #], Virginia Hisey Myers Collection of Shenandoah County Ledgers, 1894-1900, SC 0100, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn May 2017, this collection was renamed Virginia Hisey Myers Collection of Shenandoah County Ledgers, a change from Virginia Hisey Myers Collection. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 2068.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In May 2017, this collection was renamed Virginia Hisey Myers Collection of Shenandoah County Ledgers, a change from Virginia Hisey Myers Collection. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2068."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of ten business ledgers from L. M Hisey \u0026amp; Co. and Wightman, Hisey \u0026amp; Co. from 1894 – 1900. The ledgers document sales of and orders for agricultural and forestry items, especially phosphate, coal, wheat, bark, and lumber, as well as corn and various tools. Some ledgers also contain financial information about the companies, such as lists of notes due and bank deposit slips. Receipts and bills, inserted in a few of the ledgers, further document the businesses.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of ten business ledgers from L. M Hisey \u0026 Co. and Wightman, Hisey \u0026 Co. from 1894 – 1900. The ledgers document sales of and orders for agricultural and forestry items, especially phosphate, coal, wheat, bark, and lumber, as well as corn and various tools. Some ledgers also contain financial information about the companies, such as lists of notes due and bank deposit slips. Receipts and bills, inserted in a few of the ledgers, further document the businesses."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_43ceedb76660b4cbc9f5cf9221640fcc\"\u003eThis collection consists of ten business ledgers from 1894-1900 for L. M. Hisey \u0026amp; Co. and Wightman, Hisey \u0026amp; Co., stores in Edinburg and Woodstock, Virginia, that list accounts and document business transactions for farm related products and implements. \u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of ten business ledgers from 1894-1900 for L. M. Hisey \u0026 Co. and Wightman, Hisey \u0026 Co., stores in Edinburg and Woodstock, Virginia, that list accounts and document business transactions for farm related products and implements. "],"names_coll_ssim":["L. M. Hisey \u0026 Co. (Edinburg, Va.)","Merchants \u0026 Farmers Bank (Woodstock, Va.)","Wightman \u0026 Hisey Co. (Edinburg, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","L. M. Hisey \u0026 Co. (Edinburg, Va.)","Merchants \u0026 Farmers Bank (Woodstock, Va.)","Wightman \u0026 Hisey Co. (Edinburg, Va.)","Myers, Virginia Josephine Hisey, 1914-2015"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","L. M. Hisey \u0026 Co. (Edinburg, Va.)","Merchants \u0026 Farmers Bank (Woodstock, Va.)","Wightman \u0026 Hisey Co. (Edinburg, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Myers, Virginia Josephine Hisey, 1914-2015"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":10,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:21:32.588Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_254","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_254","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_254","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_254","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_254.xml","title_ssm":["Virginia Hisey Myers Collection of Shenandoah County Ledgers"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Hisey Myers Collection of Shenandoah County Ledgers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1894-1900"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1894-1900"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0100","/repositories/4/resources/254"],"text":["SC 0100","/repositories/4/resources/254","Virginia Hisey Myers Collection of Shenandoah County Ledgers","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Farm supply industries","Farm supplies","Farm equipment","Agricultural implements","Selling -- Phosphate","Coal trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Wheat trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Selling -- Bark","Lumber trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Selling -- Corn","Selling -- Farm equipment","Selling -- Farm supplies","Selling -- Agricultural implements","Selling -- Agricultural machinery","Industries -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged in 2 boxes of 10 folders.","\"Commissioner's Office.\"  Shenandoah Herald , [Woodstock, VA] 13 May 1892: Vol. 72 No. 12.","\"Death in Shenandoah.\"  Richmond Times Dispatch, 1 November 1900: Whole Number 15,455, pg. 3.","\"Death of Mr. L. M. Hisey.\"  Shenandoah Herald , [Woodstock, VA] 2 November 1900: Vol. 83 No. 44.","Wightman, Hisey \u0026 Co., later called L. M. Hisey \u0026 Co., was a hardware store for farm related products and implements that operated in two locations in Edinburg and Woodstock Virginia in the 1890s. In an 1892 edition of the Shenandoah Herald, partners trading as Wightman, Hisey \u0026 Co. were listed as James Staunton, C. P. Wightman, Lemuel Hisey, and M. H. Hottel. Beginning around 1898, in local newspapers as well as in the business ledgers, the store is referred to as L. M. Hisey \u0026 Co. Advertisements for the two stores published in local Shenandoah Valley newspapers from 1891 - 1900 market a variety of goods, including corn and oat phosphate, coal and coal oil, wagons, plows, and various seed, among other goods.","Lemuel. M. Hisey, proprietor of L. M. Hisey \u0026 Co., was born in 1844 and died in 1900. He served as a Confederate soldier in Captain H. H. Riddleberger's company of the 23rd Va. Calvary, Imboden's Brigade. In his obituaries, he is noted as a prominent and successful businessman, and the firm of L. M. Hisey \u0026 Co. is described as \"among the leading and best known business establishments in the county.\"","In May 2017, this collection was renamed Virginia Hisey Myers Collection of Shenandoah County Ledgers, a change from Virginia Hisey Myers Collection. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2068.","This collection consists of ten business ledgers from L. M Hisey \u0026 Co. and Wightman, Hisey \u0026 Co. from 1894 – 1900. The ledgers document sales of and orders for agricultural and forestry items, especially phosphate, coal, wheat, bark, and lumber, as well as corn and various tools. Some ledgers also contain financial information about the companies, such as lists of notes due and bank deposit slips. Receipts and bills, inserted in a few of the ledgers, further document the businesses.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).","This collection consists of ten business ledgers from 1894-1900 for L. M. Hisey \u0026 Co. and Wightman, Hisey \u0026 Co., stores in Edinburg and Woodstock, Virginia, that list accounts and document business transactions for farm related products and implements. ","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","L. M. Hisey \u0026 Co. (Edinburg, Va.)","Merchants \u0026 Farmers Bank (Woodstock, Va.)","Wightman \u0026 Hisey Co. (Edinburg, Va.)","Myers, Virginia Josephine Hisey, 1914-2015","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0100","/repositories/4/resources/254"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Hisey Myers Collection of Shenandoah County Ledgers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Hisey Myers Collection of Shenandoah County Ledgers"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Hisey Myers Collection of Shenandoah County Ledgers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Myers, Virginia Josephine Hisey, 1914-2015"],"creator_ssim":["Myers, Virginia Josephine Hisey, 1914-2015"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Myers, Virginia Josephine Hisey, 1914-2015"],"creators_ssim":["Myers, Virginia Josephine Hisey, 1914-2015"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Mrs. Virginia Hisey Myers, through Mr. Douglas Dellinger, in November 1989."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Farm supply industries","Farm supplies","Farm equipment","Agricultural implements","Selling -- Phosphate","Coal trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Wheat trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Selling -- Bark","Lumber trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Selling -- Corn","Selling -- Farm equipment","Selling -- Farm supplies","Selling -- Agricultural implements","Selling -- Agricultural machinery","Industries -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Farm supply industries","Farm supplies","Farm equipment","Agricultural implements","Selling -- Phosphate","Coal trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Wheat trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Selling -- Bark","Lumber trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Selling -- Corn","Selling -- Farm equipment","Selling -- Farm supplies","Selling -- Agricultural implements","Selling -- Agricultural machinery","Industries -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.4 cubic feet 2 boxes, 10 ledgers"],"extent_tesim":["0.4 cubic feet 2 boxes, 10 ledgers"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)"],"date_range_isim":[1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in 2 boxes of 10 folders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in 2 boxes of 10 folders."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e\"Commissioner's Office.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eShenandoah Herald\u003c/emph\u003e, [Woodstock, VA] 13 May 1892: Vol. 72 No. 12.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Death in Shenandoah.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e\u003c/emph\u003eRichmond Times Dispatch, 1 November 1900: Whole Number 15,455, pg. 3.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Death of Mr. L. M. Hisey.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eShenandoah Herald\u003c/emph\u003e, [Woodstock, VA] 2 November 1900: Vol. 83 No. 44.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Commissioner's Office.\"  Shenandoah Herald , [Woodstock, VA] 13 May 1892: Vol. 72 No. 12.","\"Death in Shenandoah.\"  Richmond Times Dispatch, 1 November 1900: Whole Number 15,455, pg. 3.","\"Death of Mr. L. M. Hisey.\"  Shenandoah Herald , [Woodstock, VA] 2 November 1900: Vol. 83 No. 44."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWightman, Hisey \u0026amp; Co., later called L. M. Hisey \u0026amp; Co., was a hardware store for farm related products and implements that operated in two locations in Edinburg and Woodstock Virginia in the 1890s. In an 1892 edition of the Shenandoah Herald, partners trading as Wightman, Hisey \u0026amp; Co. were listed as James Staunton, C. P. Wightman, Lemuel Hisey, and M. H. Hottel. Beginning around 1898, in local newspapers as well as in the business ledgers, the store is referred to as L. M. Hisey \u0026amp; Co. Advertisements for the two stores published in local Shenandoah Valley newspapers from 1891 - 1900 market a variety of goods, including corn and oat phosphate, coal and coal oil, wagons, plows, and various seed, among other goods.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLemuel. M. Hisey, proprietor of L. M. Hisey \u0026amp; Co., was born in 1844 and died in 1900. He served as a Confederate soldier in Captain H. H. Riddleberger's company of the 23rd Va. Calvary, Imboden's Brigade. In his obituaries, he is noted as a prominent and successful businessman, and the firm of L. M. Hisey \u0026amp; Co. is described as \"among the leading and best known business establishments in the county.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Wightman, Hisey \u0026 Co., later called L. M. Hisey \u0026 Co., was a hardware store for farm related products and implements that operated in two locations in Edinburg and Woodstock Virginia in the 1890s. In an 1892 edition of the Shenandoah Herald, partners trading as Wightman, Hisey \u0026 Co. were listed as James Staunton, C. P. Wightman, Lemuel Hisey, and M. H. Hottel. Beginning around 1898, in local newspapers as well as in the business ledgers, the store is referred to as L. M. Hisey \u0026 Co. Advertisements for the two stores published in local Shenandoah Valley newspapers from 1891 - 1900 market a variety of goods, including corn and oat phosphate, coal and coal oil, wagons, plows, and various seed, among other goods.","Lemuel. M. Hisey, proprietor of L. M. Hisey \u0026 Co., was born in 1844 and died in 1900. He served as a Confederate soldier in Captain H. H. Riddleberger's company of the 23rd Va. Calvary, Imboden's Brigade. In his obituaries, he is noted as a prominent and successful businessman, and the firm of L. M. Hisey \u0026 Co. is described as \"among the leading and best known business establishments in the county.\""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of Item], [box #, folder #], Virginia Hisey Myers Collection of Shenandoah County Ledgers, 1894-1900, SC 0100, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of Item], [box #, folder #], Virginia Hisey Myers Collection of Shenandoah County Ledgers, 1894-1900, SC 0100, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn May 2017, this collection was renamed Virginia Hisey Myers Collection of Shenandoah County Ledgers, a change from Virginia Hisey Myers Collection. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 2068.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In May 2017, this collection was renamed Virginia Hisey Myers Collection of Shenandoah County Ledgers, a change from Virginia Hisey Myers Collection. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2068."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of ten business ledgers from L. M Hisey \u0026amp; Co. and Wightman, Hisey \u0026amp; Co. from 1894 – 1900. The ledgers document sales of and orders for agricultural and forestry items, especially phosphate, coal, wheat, bark, and lumber, as well as corn and various tools. Some ledgers also contain financial information about the companies, such as lists of notes due and bank deposit slips. Receipts and bills, inserted in a few of the ledgers, further document the businesses.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of ten business ledgers from L. M Hisey \u0026 Co. and Wightman, Hisey \u0026 Co. from 1894 – 1900. The ledgers document sales of and orders for agricultural and forestry items, especially phosphate, coal, wheat, bark, and lumber, as well as corn and various tools. Some ledgers also contain financial information about the companies, such as lists of notes due and bank deposit slips. Receipts and bills, inserted in a few of the ledgers, further document the businesses."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_43ceedb76660b4cbc9f5cf9221640fcc\"\u003eThis collection consists of ten business ledgers from 1894-1900 for L. M. Hisey \u0026amp; Co. and Wightman, Hisey \u0026amp; Co., stores in Edinburg and Woodstock, Virginia, that list accounts and document business transactions for farm related products and implements. \u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of ten business ledgers from 1894-1900 for L. M. Hisey \u0026 Co. and Wightman, Hisey \u0026 Co., stores in Edinburg and Woodstock, Virginia, that list accounts and document business transactions for farm related products and implements. "],"names_coll_ssim":["L. M. Hisey \u0026 Co. (Edinburg, Va.)","Merchants \u0026 Farmers Bank (Woodstock, Va.)","Wightman \u0026 Hisey Co. (Edinburg, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","L. M. Hisey \u0026 Co. (Edinburg, Va.)","Merchants \u0026 Farmers Bank (Woodstock, Va.)","Wightman \u0026 Hisey Co. (Edinburg, Va.)","Myers, Virginia Josephine Hisey, 1914-2015"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","L. M. Hisey \u0026 Co. (Edinburg, Va.)","Merchants \u0026 Farmers Bank (Woodstock, Va.)","Wightman \u0026 Hisey Co. (Edinburg, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Myers, Virginia Josephine Hisey, 1914-2015"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":10,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:21:32.588Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_254"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University","value":"James Madison University","hits":6},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger","value":"Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Copp%27s+Schoolhouse+Notebook+and+Ledger\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Don C. Miller Collection of Pine Forge Ledger","value":"Don C. Miller Collection of Pine Forge Ledger","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Don+C.+Miller+Collection+of+Pine+Forge+Ledger\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Iron Foundry Ledger","value":"Iron Foundry Ledger","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Iron+Foundry+Ledger\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Lumber Ledgers","value":"Lumber Ledgers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Lumber+Ledgers\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Shenandoah County Mill Ledger","value":"Shenandoah County Mill Ledger","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+Mill+Ledger\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia Hisey Myers Collection of Shenandoah County Ledgers","value":"Virginia Hisey Myers Collection of Shenandoah County Ledgers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Hisey+Myers+Collection+of+Shenandoah+County+Ledgers\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/collection_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"type":"facet","id":"date_range_isim","attributes":{"label":"Date range","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"1785","value":"1785","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1785\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1786","value":"1786","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1786\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1787","value":"1787","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1787\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1788","value":"1788","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1788\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1789","value":"1789","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1789\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1790","value":"1790","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1790\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1791","value":"1791","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1791\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1792","value":"1792","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1792\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1793","value":"1793","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1793\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1794","value":"1794","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1794\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1795","value":"1795","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1795\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/date_range_isim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"type":"facet","id":"creator_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Creator","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Don C. Miller","value":"Don C. Miller","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Don+C.+Miller\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","value":"Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","value":"Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Green+Valley+Auctions%2C+Inc.\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Montgomery County Historical Society","value":"Montgomery County Historical Society","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Montgomery+County+Historical+Society\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Myers, Virginia Josephine Hisey, 1914-2015","value":"Myers, Virginia Josephine Hisey, 1914-2015","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Myers%2C+Virginia+Josephine+Hisey%2C+1914-2015\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Shenandoah County Mill","value":"Shenandoah County Mill","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+Mill\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"eBay (Firm)","value":"eBay (Firm)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=eBay+%28Firm%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/creator_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"type":"facet","id":"names_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Names","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Don C. Miller","value":"Don C. Miller","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Don+C.+Miller\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","value":"Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","value":"Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Green+Valley+Auctions%2C+Inc.\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","value":"James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","hits":6},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University+Libraries+Special+Collections\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"L. M. Hisey \u0026 Co. (Edinburg, Va.)","value":"L. M. Hisey \u0026 Co. (Edinburg, Va.)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=L.+M.+Hisey+%26+Co.+%28Edinburg%2C+Va.%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Merchants \u0026 Farmers Bank (Woodstock, Va.)","value":"Merchants \u0026 Farmers Bank (Woodstock, Va.)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Merchants+%26+Farmers+Bank+%28Woodstock%2C+Va.%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Montgomery County Historical Society","value":"Montgomery County Historical Society","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Montgomery+County+Historical+Society\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Myers, Virginia Josephine Hisey, 1914-2015","value":"Myers, Virginia Josephine Hisey, 1914-2015","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Myers%2C+Virginia+Josephine+Hisey%2C+1914-2015\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Pennybacker family -- Records and correspondence","value":"Pennybacker family -- Records and correspondence","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Pennybacker+family+--+Records+and+correspondence\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Shenandoah County Mill","value":"Shenandoah County Mill","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+Mill\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Wightman \u0026 Hisey Co. (Edinburg, Va.)","value":"Wightman \u0026 Hisey Co. (Edinburg, Va.)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Wightman+%26+Hisey+Co.+%28Edinburg%2C+Va.%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/names_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"type":"facet","id":"geogname_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Places","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Pendleton County (W. Va.) -- History","value":"Pendleton County (W. Va.) -- History","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Pendleton+County+%28W.+Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","value":"Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","value":"Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+Economic+conditions+--+Sources"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","value":"Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","hits":6},"links":{"remove":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","value":"Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+Industries+--+Sources"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia -- History, Local","value":"Virginia -- History, Local","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+--+History%2C+Local"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/geogname_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"type":"facet","id":"access_subjects_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Subjects","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Account books -- Sources","value":"Account books -- Sources","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Account+books+--+Sources\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Agricultural implements","value":"Agricultural implements","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Agricultural+implements\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bark -- Transportation -- Costs","value":"Bark -- Transportation -- Costs","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Bark+--+Transportation+--+Costs\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bark -- Utilization -- Costs","value":"Bark -- Utilization -- Costs","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Bark+--+Utilization+--+Costs\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","value":"Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Bark+peeling+--+Economic+aspects\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Business records","value":"Business records","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Business+records\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Business records -- Sources","value":"Business records -- Sources","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Business+records+--+Sources\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bylaws (administrative records)","value":"Bylaws (administrative records)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Bylaws+%28administrative+records%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Coal trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","value":"Coal trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Coal+trade+--+Virginia+--+Shenandoah+County\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Constitutions","value":"Constitutions","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Constitutions\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Education -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","value":"Education -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Education+--+Virginia+--+Shenandoah+County+--+History\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/access_subjects_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"type":"facet","id":"level_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Level","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Collection","value":"Collection","hits":6},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/level_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"all_fields","attributes":{"label":"All Fields"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"keyword","attributes":{"label":"Keyword"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026search_field=keyword"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"name","attributes":{"label":"Name"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026search_field=name"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"place","attributes":{"label":"Place"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026search_field=place"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"subject","attributes":{"label":"Subject"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026search_field=subject"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"title","attributes":{"label":"Title"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026search_field=title"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"container","attributes":{"label":"Container"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026search_field=container"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"identifier","attributes":{"label":"Identifier"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026search_field=identifier"}},{"type":"sort","id":"score desc, title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"relevance"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026sort=score+desc%2C+title_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"date (ascending)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026sort=date_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"date (descending)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026sort=date_sort+desc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"creator (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026sort=creator_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"creator (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026sort=creator_sort+desc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"title (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026sort=title_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"title (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026sort=title_sort+desc"}}]}