{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Kennedy%2C+John+F.+%28John+Fitzgerald%29%2C%0A+++++++++1917-1963.","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Kennedy%2C+John+F.+%28John+Fitzgerald%29%2C%0A+++++++++1917-1963.\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":1,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vihi_vih00019","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., Papers \n          \n         1850-1987","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00019#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Correspondence, 1925-1983; speeches, 1927-1979; financial and legal papers, 1948-1978; scrapbooks, 1934-1963; newspaper clippings, 1931-1987; miscellaneous volumes; certificates and awards. Correspondence is non-official, but touches on Almond's term as Governor of Virginia and on his appointment to the U.S. Court of Customs and Patent Appeals. Scrapbooks and clippings document his campaigns and terms as attorney general and governor of Virginia, and contain a great deal of information on Virginia's resistance to school desegregation. Also included in the collection are correspondence, speeches, and miscellaneous papers of Almond's wife, Josephine Katherine (Minter) Almond (1901-1992), some of which concerns her service as First Lady of Virginia.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00019#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihi_vih00019","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00019","_root_":"vihi_vih00019","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00019","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vhs/vih00019.xml","title_ssm":["J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., Papers \n          \n         1850-1987"],"title_tesim":["J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., Papers \n          \n         1850-1987"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss1 AL685 a FA2"],"text":["Mss1 AL685 a FA2","J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., Papers \n          \n         1850-1987","Almond, J. Lindsay (James Lindsay),\n         1898-1986.","Almond, Josephine Katherine Minter, 1901-\n         1992.","Byrd, Harry Flood, 1887-1966.","Democratic Party (Va.) -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Eastland, James O. (James Oliver),\n         1904-1986.","Governors' spouses -- Virginia -- Social life and\n         customs.","Harrison, Albertis S. (Albertis Sydney),\n         1907-1995.","Judges -- Appointment, qualifications, tenure,\n         etc.","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald),\n         1917-1963.","Kennedy, Robert F., 1925-1968.","Political campaign -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Political oratory -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","School integration -- Virginia.","Scrapbooks -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Speeches, addresses, etc.","United States. Court of Customs and Patent\n         Appeals.","Virginia -- Politics and government --\n         1865-1950.","Virginia -- Politics and government --\n         1951-","Virginia. Governor (1958-1962 : Almond)","Virginia. Office of the Attorney\n         General.","Women -- Virginia -- Political activity.","Women -- Virginia -- Social life and customs --\n         20th century.","2,8000 (ca.) items.","Organized into ten series by material type. Correspondence\n         is arranged alphabetically by correspondent. Other materials\n         are arranged chronologically wherever possible.","James Lindsay Almond, Jr., was born June 15, 1898, in\n         Charlottesville, Va., the son of Lindsay and Eddie Nicholas\n         (Burgess) Almond. At an early age his family moved to a farm\n         in rural Orange County, Va. Almond entered the University of\n         Virginia in 1917 as a member of the Student Army Training\n         Corps but withdrew a year later and consequently served for a\n         year as principal of the Zoar High School near Roanoke, Va.,\n         1921- 1922. He then entered the University of Virginia School\n         of Law and earned his law degree in 1923. He had been admitted\n         to the Virginia Bar in 1921. He was in private practice as a\n         lawyer in Roanoke, Va., 1923- 1932, and quickly became known\n         for his handling of criminal cases.","A Democrat, Almond's interest in politics began in his\n         teens. His involvement with Democrat Harry Flood Byrd began in\n         1925, when Almond made several speeches in support of Byrd's\n         gubernatorial campaign. With Byrd's help, Almond was appointed\n         assistant Commonwealth's attorney for the city of Roanoke,\n         1930-1933, and a judge of the Roanoke Hustings court,\n         1933-1945. He was later appointed to the 79th U.S. Congress\n         and elected a member of the 80th U.S. Congress. The Virginia\n         Democratic Party, led by Harry F. Byrd, asked Almond to step\n         down from his Congressional seat and run for attorney general\n         of Virginia, to which position he was elected in 1948. He\n         served in this office until 1957, at which time he resigned to\n         run for governor of Virginia.","Both Almond's campaign for and service as governor were\n         dominated by Virginia's response to the Supreme Court's school\n         desegregation edict. As governor, he inherited a program of\n         \"massive resistance\" designed to halt school integration by\n         erecting a series of defensive obstacles. Realizing the\n         movement was doomed and if continued would potentially destroy\n         the Commonwealth's educational system, in January 1959 Almond\n         admitted defeat and established a commission to develop a plan\n         for the integration of Virginia's public schools. Almond's\n         reversal on this issue cost him the support of the Harry F.\n         Byrd and his many supporters.","Following Almond's term as governor, he was appointed by\n         President John F. Kennedy as an interim judge of the U.S.\n         Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, Washington, D.C. With\n         U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd on the Senate Judicial Committee,\n         it took much campaigning on the part of Almond's friends and\n         supporters to secure his official appointment to this post in\n         1963. He served as a member of this court until his retirement\n         in 1986.","J. Lindsay Almond married Josephine Katherine Minter\n         (1901-1992) in 1925. A native of Roanoke, Va., Mrs. Almond\n         attended Elizabeth College in Salem, Va., and received her\n         bachelor's degree in 1923 from Wittenberg University in Ohio.\n         The Almond's had no children, but raised Mrs. Almond's orphan\n         nephew, Lewis S. Minter, from infancy. Mr. Almond died April\n         14, 1986, and is buried in Evergreen Cemetery, Roanoke,\n         Va.","Series 1 contains the non-official correspondence of J.\n         Lindsay Almond, Jr., 1925-1983, chiefly as governor and while\n         he was seeking a federal judgeship. Subjects mentioned include\n         concerns of constituents; recommendations of persons for\n         appointments by various state and local officials; the attempt\n         on Almond's life in April 1959; Almond's stand on school\n         desegregation (see the correspondence of Alburtis S. Harrison,\n         Jr., Charles L. Lady, and Sydney F. Small); and the efforts of\n         Almond's supporters to get him a position on the U.S. Court of\n         Patent Appeals (see the correspondence of George Edward Allen\n         (1885-1972), Miner Carl Andrews, Lester R. Bachner, Harry\n         Flood Byrd (1887-1966), James O. Eastland, Charles Rogers\n         Fenwick, Eppa Hunton IV, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Robert\n         Francis Kennedy, Marvin E. Nuckols, Jr., and A. Willis\n         Robertson). This appointment was blocked for almost a year by\n         U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd, a member of the Senate Judicial\n         Committee, who had broken with Almond over the latter's\n         apparent reversal of his support of school desegregation and\n         the policy of \"massive resistance.\" Also included is scattered\n         family correspondence, chiefly concerning the health of\n         Almond's mother, Edmonia Nicholas (Burgess) Almond (d.\n         1966).","Series 2 contains speeches given on various occasions.\n         Subseries 2.1, Speeches by J. Lindsay Almond, are arranged\n         chronologically. See 1958-1960 for the bulk of speeches\n         concerning school desegregation. Subseries 2.2, Speeches by\n         Others, is arranged alphabetically by author.","Series 3 includes scattered financial and legal records,\n         1948-1978, of J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., consisting of records of\n         sale and purchase of residential real estate in Roanoke and\n         Richmond, Va., loose accounts and papers including forms\n         relating to his employment as a federal judge, canceled\n         checks, an account book for his expenses relating to the last\n         illness and death of his mother, Edmonia Nicholas (Burgess)\n         Almond (d. 1966) of Locust Grove, Va., and miscellaneous items\n         including an affidavit concerning the Virginia Senatorial\n         campaign of 1946 and its connection with the C.I.O. Political\n         Action Committee and a list of firearms owned by Mr.\n         Almond.","Series 4 includes scrapbooks, 1934-1963, containing chiefly\n         newspaper clippings from Richmond and Roanoke, Va., newspapers\n         documenting the various careers of J. Lindsay Almond, Jr. The\n         volumes are arranged in four subseries as follows: Subseries\n         4.1 documents Almond's career as a judge of the Roanoke City\n         Hustings Court and as a member of the U.S. House of\n         Representatives. Series 4.2 documents Almond's return to\n         Virginia to serve as Attorney General. Subseries 4.3 documents\n         Almond's campaign for, election as, and service as governor of\n         Virginia. Prominently mentioned is his fight against\n         court-ordered desegregation of public schools. Subseries 4.4\n         in many ways overlaps previous subseries but also includes a\n         scrapbook concerning the Roanoke Racing Homer Club, Roanoke,\n         Va., of which Almond was a member, and a 1963 barbecue given\n         in Almond's honor.","Series 5 consists of newspaper clippings, 1931-1987,\n         arranged chronologically, chiefly from Roanoke and Richmond,\n         Va., papers. Subjects include Almond's service as Attorney\n         General of Virginia, campaign for and election as Governor of\n         Virginia, the \"massive resistance\" movement, and the Almonds'\n         life after leaving office. See also: Oversize.","Series 6 contains brief biographical statements,\n         occasionally in resolution form. Some items were evidently\n         attached to letters of recommendation for various\n         appointments. Persons represented include: J. Lindsay Almond,\n         Josephine Katherine (Minter) Almond, Jerome M. Alper, Rufus\n         Adolphus Ayers, Leroy S. Bendheim, Charles Newton Bordwine,\n         Carter Lee Burgess, Mortimer Maxwell Caplin, Albert Edward\n         Cox, John Alvin Crogan, Constantine N. Dombalis, John H. East,\n         F. Howard Forsyth, Connie Barriot Gay, Edward Wren Hudgins,\n         Thomas G. Massie, Joe G. Matthews, Josephine (Umberger)\n         Minter, C. E. Myers, Andrew E. Newton, Gene A. Robens, Bradley\n         Roberts, William L. Saunders, Erwin Seago, Robert N. W. Welch,\n         and Elijah Brockenbrough White.","Series 7 contains non-scrapbook volumes. Subseries 7.1\n         consists of Almond's appointment registers, 1951-1961 (90 v.)\n         kept while he was Attorney General and Governor of Virginia.\n         Entries are short, often containing only the name of the\n         person visiting. Occasionally mention is made of subject\n         matter to be discussed. Almond's attendance at official\n         functions (including receptions, luncheons, conferences) is\n         also noted. Subseries 7.2 consists of miscellaneous volumes,\n         including a letterbook, 1919 April 30-May 9, containing drafts\n         of letters from J. Lindsay Almond to Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond; student notebook, 1923 March 4-June 1, kept\n         at the University of Virginia Law School; Roll book, 1957\n         November 5, containing recollections of J. Lindsay Almond's\n         gubernatorial victory, collected by the Almond Booster Club of\n         Roanoke, Va.; and Guest register, 1958 April 22-1962 January\n         4, of visitors to the Governor's Mansion.","Series 8 includes diplomas, certificates of membership in\n         various organizations, law licenses and certificates of\n         qualification to appear before various courts, masonic\n         materials, and miscellaneous items received during Almond's\n         careers. Of special interest are his diploma from the\n         University of Virginia, 1923; his law license, 1921; a\n         certificate of appointment to the U.S. Court of Customs and\n         Patent Appeals, 1962, signed by John F. Kennedy and Robert P.\n         Kennedy; oath as Attorney General of Virginia, 1950;\n         certificate of election as Democratic Party candidate for\n         governor, 1957; and Virginia Senate Resolution No. 30 upon his\n         death. (Many items are oversized.)","Series 9 contains miscellaneous and other papers, including\n         Almond family papers (will, 1956, of Edmonia Nicholas\n         (Burgess) Almond; letter, 1891, of W. W. Scott to T. W.\n         Almond); Almond family genealogical notes; funeral program for\n         I. T. Minter (d. 1934), father of Josephine (Minter) Almond;\n         writings about J. Lindsay Almond; original poetry and\n         Christmas greetings from friends; and minutes of meetings,\n         1974, of the Colon Club of Richmond, Va., a social club made\n         up of members of the Richmond business and political\n         elite.","Series 10 contains the papers of Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond. Subseries 10.1, Correspondence, 1942-1986,\n         consists chiefly letters expressing support for J. Lindsay\n         Almond's candidacy and election as governor, and of his\n         actions as governor. Also, personal and family correspondence.\n         Correspondents of note include Mildred Almond (concerning\n         strained relations between J. Lindsay Almond and his brother\n         over the care of their invalid mother), Jacqueline (Bouvier)\n         Kennedy Onassis, Lewis S. and Ted A. Minter, Woodrow T. Scurry\n         (of Roanoke, Va., a black man who spent time in prison and\n         credited Gov. Almond with helping him to turn his life\n         around), Wilbur Walker (concerning the Governor's schedule),\n         and Edith Galt Bolling Wilson (of Washington, D.C., discussing\n         Democratic politics and her relationship with the President\n         and Mrs. Kennedy). Subseries 10.2, Speeches, 1940-1983,\n         contains the text of speeches delivered by Mrs. Almond on\n         various occasions. Arranged chronologically where possible,\n         alphabetically by subject otherwise. Subseries 10.3., Other\n         papers, 1923-1974, includes notes for speeches, commonplace\n         containing poetry and prose, financial materials concerning\n         household expenses at the Governor's Mansion, guest lists for\n         planning events at the Governor's Mansion, notes for\n         interviews, scrapbooks, and awards.","Correspondence, 1925-1983;\n         speeches, 1927-1979; financial and legal papers, 1948-1978;\n         scrapbooks, 1934-1963; newspaper clippings, 1931-1987;\n         miscellaneous volumes; certificates and awards. Correspondence\n         is non-official, but touches on Almond's term as Governor of\n         Virginia and on his appointment to the U.S. Court of Customs\n         and Patent Appeals. Scrapbooks and clippings document his\n         campaigns and terms as attorney general and governor of\n         Virginia, and contain a great deal of information on\n         Virginia's resistance to school desegregation. Also included\n         in the collection are correspondence, speeches, and\n         miscellaneous papers of Almond's wife, Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond (1901-1992), some of which concerns her\n         service as First Lady of Virginia.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss1 AL685 a FA2"],"normalized_title_ssm":["J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., Papers \n          \n         1850-1987"],"collection_title_tesim":["J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., Papers \n          \n         1850-1987"],"collection_ssim":["J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., Papers \n          \n         1850-1987"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Historical Society"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of the estate of Josephine Katherine (Minter)\n            Almond, through the courtesy of Lewis S. Minter, in\n            1992."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Almond, J. Lindsay (James Lindsay),\n         1898-1986.","Almond, Josephine Katherine Minter, 1901-\n         1992.","Byrd, Harry Flood, 1887-1966.","Democratic Party (Va.) -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Eastland, James O. (James Oliver),\n         1904-1986.","Governors' spouses -- Virginia -- Social life and\n         customs.","Harrison, Albertis S. (Albertis Sydney),\n         1907-1995.","Judges -- Appointment, qualifications, tenure,\n         etc.","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald),\n         1917-1963.","Kennedy, Robert F., 1925-1968.","Political campaign -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Political oratory -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","School integration -- Virginia.","Scrapbooks -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Speeches, addresses, etc.","United States. Court of Customs and Patent\n         Appeals.","Virginia -- Politics and government --\n         1865-1950.","Virginia -- Politics and government --\n         1951-","Virginia. Governor (1958-1962 : Almond)","Virginia. Office of the Attorney\n         General.","Women -- Virginia -- Political activity.","Women -- Virginia -- Social life and customs --\n         20th century."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Almond, J. Lindsay (James Lindsay),\n         1898-1986.","Almond, Josephine Katherine Minter, 1901-\n         1992.","Byrd, Harry Flood, 1887-1966.","Democratic Party (Va.) -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Eastland, James O. (James Oliver),\n         1904-1986.","Governors' spouses -- Virginia -- Social life and\n         customs.","Harrison, Albertis S. (Albertis Sydney),\n         1907-1995.","Judges -- Appointment, qualifications, tenure,\n         etc.","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald),\n         1917-1963.","Kennedy, Robert F., 1925-1968.","Political campaign -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Political oratory -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","School integration -- Virginia.","Scrapbooks -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Speeches, addresses, etc.","United States. Court of Customs and Patent\n         Appeals.","Virginia -- Politics and government --\n         1865-1950.","Virginia -- Politics and government --\n         1951-","Virginia. Governor (1958-1962 : Almond)","Virginia. Office of the Attorney\n         General.","Women -- Virginia -- Political activity.","Women -- Virginia -- Social life and customs --\n         20th century."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["2,8000 (ca.) items."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized into ten series by material type. Correspondence\n         is arranged alphabetically by correspondent. Other materials\n         are arranged chronologically wherever possible.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized into ten series by material type. Correspondence\n         is arranged alphabetically by correspondent. Other materials\n         are arranged chronologically wherever possible."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Lindsay Almond, Jr., was born June 15, 1898, in\n         Charlottesville, Va., the son of Lindsay and Eddie Nicholas\n         (Burgess) Almond. At an early age his family moved to a farm\n         in rural Orange County, Va. Almond entered the University of\n         Virginia in 1917 as a member of the Student Army Training\n         Corps but withdrew a year later and consequently served for a\n         year as principal of the Zoar High School near Roanoke, Va.,\n         1921- 1922. He then entered the University of Virginia School\n         of Law and earned his law degree in 1923. He had been admitted\n         to the Virginia Bar in 1921. He was in private practice as a\n         lawyer in Roanoke, Va., 1923- 1932, and quickly became known\n         for his handling of criminal cases.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Democrat, Almond's interest in politics began in his\n         teens. His involvement with Democrat Harry Flood Byrd began in\n         1925, when Almond made several speeches in support of Byrd's\n         gubernatorial campaign. With Byrd's help, Almond was appointed\n         assistant Commonwealth's attorney for the city of Roanoke,\n         1930-1933, and a judge of the Roanoke Hustings court,\n         1933-1945. He was later appointed to the 79th U.S. Congress\n         and elected a member of the 80th U.S. Congress. The Virginia\n         Democratic Party, led by Harry F. Byrd, asked Almond to step\n         down from his Congressional seat and run for attorney general\n         of Virginia, to which position he was elected in 1948. He\n         served in this office until 1957, at which time he resigned to\n         run for governor of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoth Almond's campaign for and service as governor were\n         dominated by Virginia's response to the Supreme Court's school\n         desegregation edict. As governor, he inherited a program of\n         \"massive resistance\" designed to halt school integration by\n         erecting a series of defensive obstacles. Realizing the\n         movement was doomed and if continued would potentially destroy\n         the Commonwealth's educational system, in January 1959 Almond\n         admitted defeat and established a commission to develop a plan\n         for the integration of Virginia's public schools. Almond's\n         reversal on this issue cost him the support of the Harry F.\n         Byrd and his many supporters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing Almond's term as governor, he was appointed by\n         President John F. Kennedy as an interim judge of the U.S.\n         Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, Washington, D.C. With\n         U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd on the Senate Judicial Committee,\n         it took much campaigning on the part of Almond's friends and\n         supporters to secure his official appointment to this post in\n         1963. He served as a member of this court until his retirement\n         in 1986.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJ. Lindsay Almond married Josephine Katherine Minter\n         (1901-1992) in 1925. A native of Roanoke, Va., Mrs. Almond\n         attended Elizabeth College in Salem, Va., and received her\n         bachelor's degree in 1923 from Wittenberg University in Ohio.\n         The Almond's had no children, but raised Mrs. Almond's orphan\n         nephew, Lewis S. Minter, from infancy. Mr. Almond died April\n         14, 1986, and is buried in Evergreen Cemetery, Roanoke,\n         Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Lindsay Almond, Jr., was born June 15, 1898, in\n         Charlottesville, Va., the son of Lindsay and Eddie Nicholas\n         (Burgess) Almond. At an early age his family moved to a farm\n         in rural Orange County, Va. Almond entered the University of\n         Virginia in 1917 as a member of the Student Army Training\n         Corps but withdrew a year later and consequently served for a\n         year as principal of the Zoar High School near Roanoke, Va.,\n         1921- 1922. He then entered the University of Virginia School\n         of Law and earned his law degree in 1923. He had been admitted\n         to the Virginia Bar in 1921. He was in private practice as a\n         lawyer in Roanoke, Va., 1923- 1932, and quickly became known\n         for his handling of criminal cases.","A Democrat, Almond's interest in politics began in his\n         teens. His involvement with Democrat Harry Flood Byrd began in\n         1925, when Almond made several speeches in support of Byrd's\n         gubernatorial campaign. With Byrd's help, Almond was appointed\n         assistant Commonwealth's attorney for the city of Roanoke,\n         1930-1933, and a judge of the Roanoke Hustings court,\n         1933-1945. He was later appointed to the 79th U.S. Congress\n         and elected a member of the 80th U.S. Congress. The Virginia\n         Democratic Party, led by Harry F. Byrd, asked Almond to step\n         down from his Congressional seat and run for attorney general\n         of Virginia, to which position he was elected in 1948. He\n         served in this office until 1957, at which time he resigned to\n         run for governor of Virginia.","Both Almond's campaign for and service as governor were\n         dominated by Virginia's response to the Supreme Court's school\n         desegregation edict. As governor, he inherited a program of\n         \"massive resistance\" designed to halt school integration by\n         erecting a series of defensive obstacles. Realizing the\n         movement was doomed and if continued would potentially destroy\n         the Commonwealth's educational system, in January 1959 Almond\n         admitted defeat and established a commission to develop a plan\n         for the integration of Virginia's public schools. Almond's\n         reversal on this issue cost him the support of the Harry F.\n         Byrd and his many supporters.","Following Almond's term as governor, he was appointed by\n         President John F. Kennedy as an interim judge of the U.S.\n         Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, Washington, D.C. With\n         U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd on the Senate Judicial Committee,\n         it took much campaigning on the part of Almond's friends and\n         supporters to secure his official appointment to this post in\n         1963. He served as a member of this court until his retirement\n         in 1986.","J. Lindsay Almond married Josephine Katherine Minter\n         (1901-1992) in 1925. A native of Roanoke, Va., Mrs. Almond\n         attended Elizabeth College in Salem, Va., and received her\n         bachelor's degree in 1923 from Wittenberg University in Ohio.\n         The Almond's had no children, but raised Mrs. Almond's orphan\n         nephew, Lewis S. Minter, from infancy. Mr. Almond died April\n         14, 1986, and is buried in Evergreen Cemetery, Roanoke,\n         Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 contains the non-official correspondence of J.\n         Lindsay Almond, Jr., 1925-1983, chiefly as governor and while\n         he was seeking a federal judgeship. Subjects mentioned include\n         concerns of constituents; recommendations of persons for\n         appointments by various state and local officials; the attempt\n         on Almond's life in April 1959; Almond's stand on school\n         desegregation (see the correspondence of Alburtis S. Harrison,\n         Jr., Charles L. Lady, and Sydney F. Small); and the efforts of\n         Almond's supporters to get him a position on the U.S. Court of\n         Patent Appeals (see the correspondence of George Edward Allen\n         (1885-1972), Miner Carl Andrews, Lester R. Bachner, Harry\n         Flood Byrd (1887-1966), James O. Eastland, Charles Rogers\n         Fenwick, Eppa Hunton IV, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Robert\n         Francis Kennedy, Marvin E. Nuckols, Jr., and A. Willis\n         Robertson). This appointment was blocked for almost a year by\n         U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd, a member of the Senate Judicial\n         Committee, who had broken with Almond over the latter's\n         apparent reversal of his support of school desegregation and\n         the policy of \"massive resistance.\" Also included is scattered\n         family correspondence, chiefly concerning the health of\n         Almond's mother, Edmonia Nicholas (Burgess) Almond (d.\n         1966).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 contains speeches given on various occasions.\n         Subseries 2.1, Speeches by J. Lindsay Almond, are arranged\n         chronologically. See 1958-1960 for the bulk of speeches\n         concerning school desegregation. Subseries 2.2, Speeches by\n         Others, is arranged alphabetically by author.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3 includes scattered financial and legal records,\n         1948-1978, of J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., consisting of records of\n         sale and purchase of residential real estate in Roanoke and\n         Richmond, Va., loose accounts and papers including forms\n         relating to his employment as a federal judge, canceled\n         checks, an account book for his expenses relating to the last\n         illness and death of his mother, Edmonia Nicholas (Burgess)\n         Almond (d. 1966) of Locust Grove, Va., and miscellaneous items\n         including an affidavit concerning the Virginia Senatorial\n         campaign of 1946 and its connection with the C.I.O. Political\n         Action Committee and a list of firearms owned by Mr.\n         Almond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4 includes scrapbooks, 1934-1963, containing chiefly\n         newspaper clippings from Richmond and Roanoke, Va., newspapers\n         documenting the various careers of J. Lindsay Almond, Jr. The\n         volumes are arranged in four subseries as follows: Subseries\n         4.1 documents Almond's career as a judge of the Roanoke City\n         Hustings Court and as a member of the U.S. House of\n         Representatives. Series 4.2 documents Almond's return to\n         Virginia to serve as Attorney General. Subseries 4.3 documents\n         Almond's campaign for, election as, and service as governor of\n         Virginia. Prominently mentioned is his fight against\n         court-ordered desegregation of public schools. Subseries 4.4\n         in many ways overlaps previous subseries but also includes a\n         scrapbook concerning the Roanoke Racing Homer Club, Roanoke,\n         Va., of which Almond was a member, and a 1963 barbecue given\n         in Almond's honor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5 consists of newspaper clippings, 1931-1987,\n         arranged chronologically, chiefly from Roanoke and Richmond,\n         Va., papers. Subjects include Almond's service as Attorney\n         General of Virginia, campaign for and election as Governor of\n         Virginia, the \"massive resistance\" movement, and the Almonds'\n         life after leaving office. See also: Oversize.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6 contains brief biographical statements,\n         occasionally in resolution form. Some items were evidently\n         attached to letters of recommendation for various\n         appointments. Persons represented include: J. Lindsay Almond,\n         Josephine Katherine (Minter) Almond, Jerome M. Alper, Rufus\n         Adolphus Ayers, Leroy S. Bendheim, Charles Newton Bordwine,\n         Carter Lee Burgess, Mortimer Maxwell Caplin, Albert Edward\n         Cox, John Alvin Crogan, Constantine N. Dombalis, John H. East,\n         F. Howard Forsyth, Connie Barriot Gay, Edward Wren Hudgins,\n         Thomas G. Massie, Joe G. Matthews, Josephine (Umberger)\n         Minter, C. E. Myers, Andrew E. Newton, Gene A. Robens, Bradley\n         Roberts, William L. Saunders, Erwin Seago, Robert N. W. Welch,\n         and Elijah Brockenbrough White.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7 contains non-scrapbook volumes. Subseries 7.1\n         consists of Almond's appointment registers, 1951-1961 (90 v.)\n         kept while he was Attorney General and Governor of Virginia.\n         Entries are short, often containing only the name of the\n         person visiting. Occasionally mention is made of subject\n         matter to be discussed. Almond's attendance at official\n         functions (including receptions, luncheons, conferences) is\n         also noted. Subseries 7.2 consists of miscellaneous volumes,\n         including a letterbook, 1919 April 30-May 9, containing drafts\n         of letters from J. Lindsay Almond to Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond; student notebook, 1923 March 4-June 1, kept\n         at the University of Virginia Law School; Roll book, 1957\n         November 5, containing recollections of J. Lindsay Almond's\n         gubernatorial victory, collected by the Almond Booster Club of\n         Roanoke, Va.; and Guest register, 1958 April 22-1962 January\n         4, of visitors to the Governor's Mansion.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8 includes diplomas, certificates of membership in\n         various organizations, law licenses and certificates of\n         qualification to appear before various courts, masonic\n         materials, and miscellaneous items received during Almond's\n         careers. Of special interest are his diploma from the\n         University of Virginia, 1923; his law license, 1921; a\n         certificate of appointment to the U.S. Court of Customs and\n         Patent Appeals, 1962, signed by John F. Kennedy and Robert P.\n         Kennedy; oath as Attorney General of Virginia, 1950;\n         certificate of election as Democratic Party candidate for\n         governor, 1957; and Virginia Senate Resolution No. 30 upon his\n         death. (Many items are oversized.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9 contains miscellaneous and other papers, including\n         Almond family papers (will, 1956, of Edmonia Nicholas\n         (Burgess) Almond; letter, 1891, of W. W. Scott to T. W.\n         Almond); Almond family genealogical notes; funeral program for\n         I. T. Minter (d. 1934), father of Josephine (Minter) Almond;\n         writings about J. Lindsay Almond; original poetry and\n         Christmas greetings from friends; and minutes of meetings,\n         1974, of the Colon Club of Richmond, Va., a social club made\n         up of members of the Richmond business and political\n         elite.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 10 contains the papers of Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond. Subseries 10.1, Correspondence, 1942-1986,\n         consists chiefly letters expressing support for J. Lindsay\n         Almond's candidacy and election as governor, and of his\n         actions as governor. Also, personal and family correspondence.\n         Correspondents of note include Mildred Almond (concerning\n         strained relations between J. Lindsay Almond and his brother\n         over the care of their invalid mother), Jacqueline (Bouvier)\n         Kennedy Onassis, Lewis S. and Ted A. Minter, Woodrow T. Scurry\n         (of Roanoke, Va., a black man who spent time in prison and\n         credited Gov. Almond with helping him to turn his life\n         around), Wilbur Walker (concerning the Governor's schedule),\n         and Edith Galt Bolling Wilson (of Washington, D.C., discussing\n         Democratic politics and her relationship with the President\n         and Mrs. Kennedy). Subseries 10.2, Speeches, 1940-1983,\n         contains the text of speeches delivered by Mrs. Almond on\n         various occasions. Arranged chronologically where possible,\n         alphabetically by subject otherwise. Subseries 10.3., Other\n         papers, 1923-1974, includes notes for speeches, commonplace\n         containing poetry and prose, financial materials concerning\n         household expenses at the Governor's Mansion, guest lists for\n         planning events at the Governor's Mansion, notes for\n         interviews, scrapbooks, and awards.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series 1 contains the non-official correspondence of J.\n         Lindsay Almond, Jr., 1925-1983, chiefly as governor and while\n         he was seeking a federal judgeship. Subjects mentioned include\n         concerns of constituents; recommendations of persons for\n         appointments by various state and local officials; the attempt\n         on Almond's life in April 1959; Almond's stand on school\n         desegregation (see the correspondence of Alburtis S. Harrison,\n         Jr., Charles L. Lady, and Sydney F. Small); and the efforts of\n         Almond's supporters to get him a position on the U.S. Court of\n         Patent Appeals (see the correspondence of George Edward Allen\n         (1885-1972), Miner Carl Andrews, Lester R. Bachner, Harry\n         Flood Byrd (1887-1966), James O. Eastland, Charles Rogers\n         Fenwick, Eppa Hunton IV, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Robert\n         Francis Kennedy, Marvin E. Nuckols, Jr., and A. Willis\n         Robertson). This appointment was blocked for almost a year by\n         U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd, a member of the Senate Judicial\n         Committee, who had broken with Almond over the latter's\n         apparent reversal of his support of school desegregation and\n         the policy of \"massive resistance.\" Also included is scattered\n         family correspondence, chiefly concerning the health of\n         Almond's mother, Edmonia Nicholas (Burgess) Almond (d.\n         1966).","Series 2 contains speeches given on various occasions.\n         Subseries 2.1, Speeches by J. Lindsay Almond, are arranged\n         chronologically. See 1958-1960 for the bulk of speeches\n         concerning school desegregation. Subseries 2.2, Speeches by\n         Others, is arranged alphabetically by author.","Series 3 includes scattered financial and legal records,\n         1948-1978, of J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., consisting of records of\n         sale and purchase of residential real estate in Roanoke and\n         Richmond, Va., loose accounts and papers including forms\n         relating to his employment as a federal judge, canceled\n         checks, an account book for his expenses relating to the last\n         illness and death of his mother, Edmonia Nicholas (Burgess)\n         Almond (d. 1966) of Locust Grove, Va., and miscellaneous items\n         including an affidavit concerning the Virginia Senatorial\n         campaign of 1946 and its connection with the C.I.O. Political\n         Action Committee and a list of firearms owned by Mr.\n         Almond.","Series 4 includes scrapbooks, 1934-1963, containing chiefly\n         newspaper clippings from Richmond and Roanoke, Va., newspapers\n         documenting the various careers of J. Lindsay Almond, Jr. The\n         volumes are arranged in four subseries as follows: Subseries\n         4.1 documents Almond's career as a judge of the Roanoke City\n         Hustings Court and as a member of the U.S. House of\n         Representatives. Series 4.2 documents Almond's return to\n         Virginia to serve as Attorney General. Subseries 4.3 documents\n         Almond's campaign for, election as, and service as governor of\n         Virginia. Prominently mentioned is his fight against\n         court-ordered desegregation of public schools. Subseries 4.4\n         in many ways overlaps previous subseries but also includes a\n         scrapbook concerning the Roanoke Racing Homer Club, Roanoke,\n         Va., of which Almond was a member, and a 1963 barbecue given\n         in Almond's honor.","Series 5 consists of newspaper clippings, 1931-1987,\n         arranged chronologically, chiefly from Roanoke and Richmond,\n         Va., papers. Subjects include Almond's service as Attorney\n         General of Virginia, campaign for and election as Governor of\n         Virginia, the \"massive resistance\" movement, and the Almonds'\n         life after leaving office. See also: Oversize.","Series 6 contains brief biographical statements,\n         occasionally in resolution form. Some items were evidently\n         attached to letters of recommendation for various\n         appointments. Persons represented include: J. Lindsay Almond,\n         Josephine Katherine (Minter) Almond, Jerome M. Alper, Rufus\n         Adolphus Ayers, Leroy S. Bendheim, Charles Newton Bordwine,\n         Carter Lee Burgess, Mortimer Maxwell Caplin, Albert Edward\n         Cox, John Alvin Crogan, Constantine N. Dombalis, John H. East,\n         F. Howard Forsyth, Connie Barriot Gay, Edward Wren Hudgins,\n         Thomas G. Massie, Joe G. Matthews, Josephine (Umberger)\n         Minter, C. E. Myers, Andrew E. Newton, Gene A. Robens, Bradley\n         Roberts, William L. Saunders, Erwin Seago, Robert N. W. Welch,\n         and Elijah Brockenbrough White.","Series 7 contains non-scrapbook volumes. Subseries 7.1\n         consists of Almond's appointment registers, 1951-1961 (90 v.)\n         kept while he was Attorney General and Governor of Virginia.\n         Entries are short, often containing only the name of the\n         person visiting. Occasionally mention is made of subject\n         matter to be discussed. Almond's attendance at official\n         functions (including receptions, luncheons, conferences) is\n         also noted. Subseries 7.2 consists of miscellaneous volumes,\n         including a letterbook, 1919 April 30-May 9, containing drafts\n         of letters from J. Lindsay Almond to Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond; student notebook, 1923 March 4-June 1, kept\n         at the University of Virginia Law School; Roll book, 1957\n         November 5, containing recollections of J. Lindsay Almond's\n         gubernatorial victory, collected by the Almond Booster Club of\n         Roanoke, Va.; and Guest register, 1958 April 22-1962 January\n         4, of visitors to the Governor's Mansion.","Series 8 includes diplomas, certificates of membership in\n         various organizations, law licenses and certificates of\n         qualification to appear before various courts, masonic\n         materials, and miscellaneous items received during Almond's\n         careers. Of special interest are his diploma from the\n         University of Virginia, 1923; his law license, 1921; a\n         certificate of appointment to the U.S. Court of Customs and\n         Patent Appeals, 1962, signed by John F. Kennedy and Robert P.\n         Kennedy; oath as Attorney General of Virginia, 1950;\n         certificate of election as Democratic Party candidate for\n         governor, 1957; and Virginia Senate Resolution No. 30 upon his\n         death. (Many items are oversized.)","Series 9 contains miscellaneous and other papers, including\n         Almond family papers (will, 1956, of Edmonia Nicholas\n         (Burgess) Almond; letter, 1891, of W. W. Scott to T. W.\n         Almond); Almond family genealogical notes; funeral program for\n         I. T. Minter (d. 1934), father of Josephine (Minter) Almond;\n         writings about J. Lindsay Almond; original poetry and\n         Christmas greetings from friends; and minutes of meetings,\n         1974, of the Colon Club of Richmond, Va., a social club made\n         up of members of the Richmond business and political\n         elite.","Series 10 contains the papers of Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond. Subseries 10.1, Correspondence, 1942-1986,\n         consists chiefly letters expressing support for J. Lindsay\n         Almond's candidacy and election as governor, and of his\n         actions as governor. Also, personal and family correspondence.\n         Correspondents of note include Mildred Almond (concerning\n         strained relations between J. Lindsay Almond and his brother\n         over the care of their invalid mother), Jacqueline (Bouvier)\n         Kennedy Onassis, Lewis S. and Ted A. Minter, Woodrow T. Scurry\n         (of Roanoke, Va., a black man who spent time in prison and\n         credited Gov. Almond with helping him to turn his life\n         around), Wilbur Walker (concerning the Governor's schedule),\n         and Edith Galt Bolling Wilson (of Washington, D.C., discussing\n         Democratic politics and her relationship with the President\n         and Mrs. Kennedy). Subseries 10.2, Speeches, 1940-1983,\n         contains the text of speeches delivered by Mrs. Almond on\n         various occasions. Arranged chronologically where possible,\n         alphabetically by subject otherwise. Subseries 10.3., Other\n         papers, 1923-1974, includes notes for speeches, commonplace\n         containing poetry and prose, financial materials concerning\n         household expenses at the Governor's Mansion, guest lists for\n         planning events at the Governor's Mansion, notes for\n         interviews, scrapbooks, and awards."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCorrespondence, 1925-1983;\n         speeches, 1927-1979; financial and legal papers, 1948-1978;\n         scrapbooks, 1934-1963; newspaper clippings, 1931-1987;\n         miscellaneous volumes; certificates and awards. Correspondence\n         is non-official, but touches on Almond's term as Governor of\n         Virginia and on his appointment to the U.S. Court of Customs\n         and Patent Appeals. Scrapbooks and clippings document his\n         campaigns and terms as attorney general and governor of\n         Virginia, and contain a great deal of information on\n         Virginia's resistance to school desegregation. Also included\n         in the collection are correspondence, speeches, and\n         miscellaneous papers of Almond's wife, Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond (1901-1992), some of which concerns her\n         service as First Lady of Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, 1925-1983;\n         speeches, 1927-1979; financial and legal papers, 1948-1978;\n         scrapbooks, 1934-1963; newspaper clippings, 1931-1987;\n         miscellaneous volumes; certificates and awards. Correspondence\n         is non-official, but touches on Almond's term as Governor of\n         Virginia and on his appointment to the U.S. Court of Customs\n         and Patent Appeals. Scrapbooks and clippings document his\n         campaigns and terms as attorney general and governor of\n         Virginia, and contain a great deal of information on\n         Virginia's resistance to school desegregation. Also included\n         in the collection are correspondence, speeches, and\n         miscellaneous papers of Almond's wife, Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond (1901-1992), some of which concerns her\n         service as First Lady of Virginia."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":21,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:36:38.951Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihi_vih00019","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00019","_root_":"vihi_vih00019","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00019","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vhs/vih00019.xml","title_ssm":["J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., Papers \n          \n         1850-1987"],"title_tesim":["J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., Papers \n          \n         1850-1987"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss1 AL685 a FA2"],"text":["Mss1 AL685 a FA2","J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., Papers \n          \n         1850-1987","Almond, J. Lindsay (James Lindsay),\n         1898-1986.","Almond, Josephine Katherine Minter, 1901-\n         1992.","Byrd, Harry Flood, 1887-1966.","Democratic Party (Va.) -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Eastland, James O. (James Oliver),\n         1904-1986.","Governors' spouses -- Virginia -- Social life and\n         customs.","Harrison, Albertis S. (Albertis Sydney),\n         1907-1995.","Judges -- Appointment, qualifications, tenure,\n         etc.","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald),\n         1917-1963.","Kennedy, Robert F., 1925-1968.","Political campaign -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Political oratory -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","School integration -- Virginia.","Scrapbooks -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Speeches, addresses, etc.","United States. Court of Customs and Patent\n         Appeals.","Virginia -- Politics and government --\n         1865-1950.","Virginia -- Politics and government --\n         1951-","Virginia. Governor (1958-1962 : Almond)","Virginia. Office of the Attorney\n         General.","Women -- Virginia -- Political activity.","Women -- Virginia -- Social life and customs --\n         20th century.","2,8000 (ca.) items.","Organized into ten series by material type. Correspondence\n         is arranged alphabetically by correspondent. Other materials\n         are arranged chronologically wherever possible.","James Lindsay Almond, Jr., was born June 15, 1898, in\n         Charlottesville, Va., the son of Lindsay and Eddie Nicholas\n         (Burgess) Almond. At an early age his family moved to a farm\n         in rural Orange County, Va. Almond entered the University of\n         Virginia in 1917 as a member of the Student Army Training\n         Corps but withdrew a year later and consequently served for a\n         year as principal of the Zoar High School near Roanoke, Va.,\n         1921- 1922. He then entered the University of Virginia School\n         of Law and earned his law degree in 1923. He had been admitted\n         to the Virginia Bar in 1921. He was in private practice as a\n         lawyer in Roanoke, Va., 1923- 1932, and quickly became known\n         for his handling of criminal cases.","A Democrat, Almond's interest in politics began in his\n         teens. His involvement with Democrat Harry Flood Byrd began in\n         1925, when Almond made several speeches in support of Byrd's\n         gubernatorial campaign. With Byrd's help, Almond was appointed\n         assistant Commonwealth's attorney for the city of Roanoke,\n         1930-1933, and a judge of the Roanoke Hustings court,\n         1933-1945. He was later appointed to the 79th U.S. Congress\n         and elected a member of the 80th U.S. Congress. The Virginia\n         Democratic Party, led by Harry F. Byrd, asked Almond to step\n         down from his Congressional seat and run for attorney general\n         of Virginia, to which position he was elected in 1948. He\n         served in this office until 1957, at which time he resigned to\n         run for governor of Virginia.","Both Almond's campaign for and service as governor were\n         dominated by Virginia's response to the Supreme Court's school\n         desegregation edict. As governor, he inherited a program of\n         \"massive resistance\" designed to halt school integration by\n         erecting a series of defensive obstacles. Realizing the\n         movement was doomed and if continued would potentially destroy\n         the Commonwealth's educational system, in January 1959 Almond\n         admitted defeat and established a commission to develop a plan\n         for the integration of Virginia's public schools. Almond's\n         reversal on this issue cost him the support of the Harry F.\n         Byrd and his many supporters.","Following Almond's term as governor, he was appointed by\n         President John F. Kennedy as an interim judge of the U.S.\n         Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, Washington, D.C. With\n         U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd on the Senate Judicial Committee,\n         it took much campaigning on the part of Almond's friends and\n         supporters to secure his official appointment to this post in\n         1963. He served as a member of this court until his retirement\n         in 1986.","J. Lindsay Almond married Josephine Katherine Minter\n         (1901-1992) in 1925. A native of Roanoke, Va., Mrs. Almond\n         attended Elizabeth College in Salem, Va., and received her\n         bachelor's degree in 1923 from Wittenberg University in Ohio.\n         The Almond's had no children, but raised Mrs. Almond's orphan\n         nephew, Lewis S. Minter, from infancy. Mr. Almond died April\n         14, 1986, and is buried in Evergreen Cemetery, Roanoke,\n         Va.","Series 1 contains the non-official correspondence of J.\n         Lindsay Almond, Jr., 1925-1983, chiefly as governor and while\n         he was seeking a federal judgeship. Subjects mentioned include\n         concerns of constituents; recommendations of persons for\n         appointments by various state and local officials; the attempt\n         on Almond's life in April 1959; Almond's stand on school\n         desegregation (see the correspondence of Alburtis S. Harrison,\n         Jr., Charles L. Lady, and Sydney F. Small); and the efforts of\n         Almond's supporters to get him a position on the U.S. Court of\n         Patent Appeals (see the correspondence of George Edward Allen\n         (1885-1972), Miner Carl Andrews, Lester R. Bachner, Harry\n         Flood Byrd (1887-1966), James O. Eastland, Charles Rogers\n         Fenwick, Eppa Hunton IV, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Robert\n         Francis Kennedy, Marvin E. Nuckols, Jr., and A. Willis\n         Robertson). This appointment was blocked for almost a year by\n         U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd, a member of the Senate Judicial\n         Committee, who had broken with Almond over the latter's\n         apparent reversal of his support of school desegregation and\n         the policy of \"massive resistance.\" Also included is scattered\n         family correspondence, chiefly concerning the health of\n         Almond's mother, Edmonia Nicholas (Burgess) Almond (d.\n         1966).","Series 2 contains speeches given on various occasions.\n         Subseries 2.1, Speeches by J. Lindsay Almond, are arranged\n         chronologically. See 1958-1960 for the bulk of speeches\n         concerning school desegregation. Subseries 2.2, Speeches by\n         Others, is arranged alphabetically by author.","Series 3 includes scattered financial and legal records,\n         1948-1978, of J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., consisting of records of\n         sale and purchase of residential real estate in Roanoke and\n         Richmond, Va., loose accounts and papers including forms\n         relating to his employment as a federal judge, canceled\n         checks, an account book for his expenses relating to the last\n         illness and death of his mother, Edmonia Nicholas (Burgess)\n         Almond (d. 1966) of Locust Grove, Va., and miscellaneous items\n         including an affidavit concerning the Virginia Senatorial\n         campaign of 1946 and its connection with the C.I.O. Political\n         Action Committee and a list of firearms owned by Mr.\n         Almond.","Series 4 includes scrapbooks, 1934-1963, containing chiefly\n         newspaper clippings from Richmond and Roanoke, Va., newspapers\n         documenting the various careers of J. Lindsay Almond, Jr. The\n         volumes are arranged in four subseries as follows: Subseries\n         4.1 documents Almond's career as a judge of the Roanoke City\n         Hustings Court and as a member of the U.S. House of\n         Representatives. Series 4.2 documents Almond's return to\n         Virginia to serve as Attorney General. Subseries 4.3 documents\n         Almond's campaign for, election as, and service as governor of\n         Virginia. Prominently mentioned is his fight against\n         court-ordered desegregation of public schools. Subseries 4.4\n         in many ways overlaps previous subseries but also includes a\n         scrapbook concerning the Roanoke Racing Homer Club, Roanoke,\n         Va., of which Almond was a member, and a 1963 barbecue given\n         in Almond's honor.","Series 5 consists of newspaper clippings, 1931-1987,\n         arranged chronologically, chiefly from Roanoke and Richmond,\n         Va., papers. Subjects include Almond's service as Attorney\n         General of Virginia, campaign for and election as Governor of\n         Virginia, the \"massive resistance\" movement, and the Almonds'\n         life after leaving office. See also: Oversize.","Series 6 contains brief biographical statements,\n         occasionally in resolution form. Some items were evidently\n         attached to letters of recommendation for various\n         appointments. Persons represented include: J. Lindsay Almond,\n         Josephine Katherine (Minter) Almond, Jerome M. Alper, Rufus\n         Adolphus Ayers, Leroy S. Bendheim, Charles Newton Bordwine,\n         Carter Lee Burgess, Mortimer Maxwell Caplin, Albert Edward\n         Cox, John Alvin Crogan, Constantine N. Dombalis, John H. East,\n         F. Howard Forsyth, Connie Barriot Gay, Edward Wren Hudgins,\n         Thomas G. Massie, Joe G. Matthews, Josephine (Umberger)\n         Minter, C. E. Myers, Andrew E. Newton, Gene A. Robens, Bradley\n         Roberts, William L. Saunders, Erwin Seago, Robert N. W. Welch,\n         and Elijah Brockenbrough White.","Series 7 contains non-scrapbook volumes. Subseries 7.1\n         consists of Almond's appointment registers, 1951-1961 (90 v.)\n         kept while he was Attorney General and Governor of Virginia.\n         Entries are short, often containing only the name of the\n         person visiting. Occasionally mention is made of subject\n         matter to be discussed. Almond's attendance at official\n         functions (including receptions, luncheons, conferences) is\n         also noted. Subseries 7.2 consists of miscellaneous volumes,\n         including a letterbook, 1919 April 30-May 9, containing drafts\n         of letters from J. Lindsay Almond to Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond; student notebook, 1923 March 4-June 1, kept\n         at the University of Virginia Law School; Roll book, 1957\n         November 5, containing recollections of J. Lindsay Almond's\n         gubernatorial victory, collected by the Almond Booster Club of\n         Roanoke, Va.; and Guest register, 1958 April 22-1962 January\n         4, of visitors to the Governor's Mansion.","Series 8 includes diplomas, certificates of membership in\n         various organizations, law licenses and certificates of\n         qualification to appear before various courts, masonic\n         materials, and miscellaneous items received during Almond's\n         careers. Of special interest are his diploma from the\n         University of Virginia, 1923; his law license, 1921; a\n         certificate of appointment to the U.S. Court of Customs and\n         Patent Appeals, 1962, signed by John F. Kennedy and Robert P.\n         Kennedy; oath as Attorney General of Virginia, 1950;\n         certificate of election as Democratic Party candidate for\n         governor, 1957; and Virginia Senate Resolution No. 30 upon his\n         death. (Many items are oversized.)","Series 9 contains miscellaneous and other papers, including\n         Almond family papers (will, 1956, of Edmonia Nicholas\n         (Burgess) Almond; letter, 1891, of W. W. Scott to T. W.\n         Almond); Almond family genealogical notes; funeral program for\n         I. T. Minter (d. 1934), father of Josephine (Minter) Almond;\n         writings about J. Lindsay Almond; original poetry and\n         Christmas greetings from friends; and minutes of meetings,\n         1974, of the Colon Club of Richmond, Va., a social club made\n         up of members of the Richmond business and political\n         elite.","Series 10 contains the papers of Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond. Subseries 10.1, Correspondence, 1942-1986,\n         consists chiefly letters expressing support for J. Lindsay\n         Almond's candidacy and election as governor, and of his\n         actions as governor. Also, personal and family correspondence.\n         Correspondents of note include Mildred Almond (concerning\n         strained relations between J. Lindsay Almond and his brother\n         over the care of their invalid mother), Jacqueline (Bouvier)\n         Kennedy Onassis, Lewis S. and Ted A. Minter, Woodrow T. Scurry\n         (of Roanoke, Va., a black man who spent time in prison and\n         credited Gov. Almond with helping him to turn his life\n         around), Wilbur Walker (concerning the Governor's schedule),\n         and Edith Galt Bolling Wilson (of Washington, D.C., discussing\n         Democratic politics and her relationship with the President\n         and Mrs. Kennedy). Subseries 10.2, Speeches, 1940-1983,\n         contains the text of speeches delivered by Mrs. Almond on\n         various occasions. Arranged chronologically where possible,\n         alphabetically by subject otherwise. Subseries 10.3., Other\n         papers, 1923-1974, includes notes for speeches, commonplace\n         containing poetry and prose, financial materials concerning\n         household expenses at the Governor's Mansion, guest lists for\n         planning events at the Governor's Mansion, notes for\n         interviews, scrapbooks, and awards.","Correspondence, 1925-1983;\n         speeches, 1927-1979; financial and legal papers, 1948-1978;\n         scrapbooks, 1934-1963; newspaper clippings, 1931-1987;\n         miscellaneous volumes; certificates and awards. Correspondence\n         is non-official, but touches on Almond's term as Governor of\n         Virginia and on his appointment to the U.S. Court of Customs\n         and Patent Appeals. Scrapbooks and clippings document his\n         campaigns and terms as attorney general and governor of\n         Virginia, and contain a great deal of information on\n         Virginia's resistance to school desegregation. Also included\n         in the collection are correspondence, speeches, and\n         miscellaneous papers of Almond's wife, Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond (1901-1992), some of which concerns her\n         service as First Lady of Virginia.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss1 AL685 a FA2"],"normalized_title_ssm":["J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., Papers \n          \n         1850-1987"],"collection_title_tesim":["J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., Papers \n          \n         1850-1987"],"collection_ssim":["J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., Papers \n          \n         1850-1987"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Historical Society"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of the estate of Josephine Katherine (Minter)\n            Almond, through the courtesy of Lewis S. Minter, in\n            1992."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Almond, J. Lindsay (James Lindsay),\n         1898-1986.","Almond, Josephine Katherine Minter, 1901-\n         1992.","Byrd, Harry Flood, 1887-1966.","Democratic Party (Va.) -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Eastland, James O. (James Oliver),\n         1904-1986.","Governors' spouses -- Virginia -- Social life and\n         customs.","Harrison, Albertis S. (Albertis Sydney),\n         1907-1995.","Judges -- Appointment, qualifications, tenure,\n         etc.","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald),\n         1917-1963.","Kennedy, Robert F., 1925-1968.","Political campaign -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Political oratory -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","School integration -- Virginia.","Scrapbooks -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Speeches, addresses, etc.","United States. Court of Customs and Patent\n         Appeals.","Virginia -- Politics and government --\n         1865-1950.","Virginia -- Politics and government --\n         1951-","Virginia. Governor (1958-1962 : Almond)","Virginia. Office of the Attorney\n         General.","Women -- Virginia -- Political activity.","Women -- Virginia -- Social life and customs --\n         20th century."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Almond, J. Lindsay (James Lindsay),\n         1898-1986.","Almond, Josephine Katherine Minter, 1901-\n         1992.","Byrd, Harry Flood, 1887-1966.","Democratic Party (Va.) -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Eastland, James O. (James Oliver),\n         1904-1986.","Governors' spouses -- Virginia -- Social life and\n         customs.","Harrison, Albertis S. (Albertis Sydney),\n         1907-1995.","Judges -- Appointment, qualifications, tenure,\n         etc.","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald),\n         1917-1963.","Kennedy, Robert F., 1925-1968.","Political campaign -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Political oratory -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","School integration -- Virginia.","Scrapbooks -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Speeches, addresses, etc.","United States. Court of Customs and Patent\n         Appeals.","Virginia -- Politics and government --\n         1865-1950.","Virginia -- Politics and government --\n         1951-","Virginia. Governor (1958-1962 : Almond)","Virginia. Office of the Attorney\n         General.","Women -- Virginia -- Political activity.","Women -- Virginia -- Social life and customs --\n         20th century."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["2,8000 (ca.) items."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized into ten series by material type. Correspondence\n         is arranged alphabetically by correspondent. Other materials\n         are arranged chronologically wherever possible.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized into ten series by material type. Correspondence\n         is arranged alphabetically by correspondent. Other materials\n         are arranged chronologically wherever possible."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Lindsay Almond, Jr., was born June 15, 1898, in\n         Charlottesville, Va., the son of Lindsay and Eddie Nicholas\n         (Burgess) Almond. At an early age his family moved to a farm\n         in rural Orange County, Va. Almond entered the University of\n         Virginia in 1917 as a member of the Student Army Training\n         Corps but withdrew a year later and consequently served for a\n         year as principal of the Zoar High School near Roanoke, Va.,\n         1921- 1922. He then entered the University of Virginia School\n         of Law and earned his law degree in 1923. He had been admitted\n         to the Virginia Bar in 1921. He was in private practice as a\n         lawyer in Roanoke, Va., 1923- 1932, and quickly became known\n         for his handling of criminal cases.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Democrat, Almond's interest in politics began in his\n         teens. His involvement with Democrat Harry Flood Byrd began in\n         1925, when Almond made several speeches in support of Byrd's\n         gubernatorial campaign. With Byrd's help, Almond was appointed\n         assistant Commonwealth's attorney for the city of Roanoke,\n         1930-1933, and a judge of the Roanoke Hustings court,\n         1933-1945. He was later appointed to the 79th U.S. Congress\n         and elected a member of the 80th U.S. Congress. The Virginia\n         Democratic Party, led by Harry F. Byrd, asked Almond to step\n         down from his Congressional seat and run for attorney general\n         of Virginia, to which position he was elected in 1948. He\n         served in this office until 1957, at which time he resigned to\n         run for governor of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoth Almond's campaign for and service as governor were\n         dominated by Virginia's response to the Supreme Court's school\n         desegregation edict. As governor, he inherited a program of\n         \"massive resistance\" designed to halt school integration by\n         erecting a series of defensive obstacles. Realizing the\n         movement was doomed and if continued would potentially destroy\n         the Commonwealth's educational system, in January 1959 Almond\n         admitted defeat and established a commission to develop a plan\n         for the integration of Virginia's public schools. Almond's\n         reversal on this issue cost him the support of the Harry F.\n         Byrd and his many supporters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing Almond's term as governor, he was appointed by\n         President John F. Kennedy as an interim judge of the U.S.\n         Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, Washington, D.C. With\n         U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd on the Senate Judicial Committee,\n         it took much campaigning on the part of Almond's friends and\n         supporters to secure his official appointment to this post in\n         1963. He served as a member of this court until his retirement\n         in 1986.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJ. Lindsay Almond married Josephine Katherine Minter\n         (1901-1992) in 1925. A native of Roanoke, Va., Mrs. Almond\n         attended Elizabeth College in Salem, Va., and received her\n         bachelor's degree in 1923 from Wittenberg University in Ohio.\n         The Almond's had no children, but raised Mrs. Almond's orphan\n         nephew, Lewis S. Minter, from infancy. Mr. Almond died April\n         14, 1986, and is buried in Evergreen Cemetery, Roanoke,\n         Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Lindsay Almond, Jr., was born June 15, 1898, in\n         Charlottesville, Va., the son of Lindsay and Eddie Nicholas\n         (Burgess) Almond. At an early age his family moved to a farm\n         in rural Orange County, Va. Almond entered the University of\n         Virginia in 1917 as a member of the Student Army Training\n         Corps but withdrew a year later and consequently served for a\n         year as principal of the Zoar High School near Roanoke, Va.,\n         1921- 1922. He then entered the University of Virginia School\n         of Law and earned his law degree in 1923. He had been admitted\n         to the Virginia Bar in 1921. He was in private practice as a\n         lawyer in Roanoke, Va., 1923- 1932, and quickly became known\n         for his handling of criminal cases.","A Democrat, Almond's interest in politics began in his\n         teens. His involvement with Democrat Harry Flood Byrd began in\n         1925, when Almond made several speeches in support of Byrd's\n         gubernatorial campaign. With Byrd's help, Almond was appointed\n         assistant Commonwealth's attorney for the city of Roanoke,\n         1930-1933, and a judge of the Roanoke Hustings court,\n         1933-1945. He was later appointed to the 79th U.S. Congress\n         and elected a member of the 80th U.S. Congress. The Virginia\n         Democratic Party, led by Harry F. Byrd, asked Almond to step\n         down from his Congressional seat and run for attorney general\n         of Virginia, to which position he was elected in 1948. He\n         served in this office until 1957, at which time he resigned to\n         run for governor of Virginia.","Both Almond's campaign for and service as governor were\n         dominated by Virginia's response to the Supreme Court's school\n         desegregation edict. As governor, he inherited a program of\n         \"massive resistance\" designed to halt school integration by\n         erecting a series of defensive obstacles. Realizing the\n         movement was doomed and if continued would potentially destroy\n         the Commonwealth's educational system, in January 1959 Almond\n         admitted defeat and established a commission to develop a plan\n         for the integration of Virginia's public schools. Almond's\n         reversal on this issue cost him the support of the Harry F.\n         Byrd and his many supporters.","Following Almond's term as governor, he was appointed by\n         President John F. Kennedy as an interim judge of the U.S.\n         Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, Washington, D.C. With\n         U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd on the Senate Judicial Committee,\n         it took much campaigning on the part of Almond's friends and\n         supporters to secure his official appointment to this post in\n         1963. He served as a member of this court until his retirement\n         in 1986.","J. Lindsay Almond married Josephine Katherine Minter\n         (1901-1992) in 1925. A native of Roanoke, Va., Mrs. Almond\n         attended Elizabeth College in Salem, Va., and received her\n         bachelor's degree in 1923 from Wittenberg University in Ohio.\n         The Almond's had no children, but raised Mrs. Almond's orphan\n         nephew, Lewis S. Minter, from infancy. Mr. Almond died April\n         14, 1986, and is buried in Evergreen Cemetery, Roanoke,\n         Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 contains the non-official correspondence of J.\n         Lindsay Almond, Jr., 1925-1983, chiefly as governor and while\n         he was seeking a federal judgeship. Subjects mentioned include\n         concerns of constituents; recommendations of persons for\n         appointments by various state and local officials; the attempt\n         on Almond's life in April 1959; Almond's stand on school\n         desegregation (see the correspondence of Alburtis S. Harrison,\n         Jr., Charles L. Lady, and Sydney F. Small); and the efforts of\n         Almond's supporters to get him a position on the U.S. Court of\n         Patent Appeals (see the correspondence of George Edward Allen\n         (1885-1972), Miner Carl Andrews, Lester R. Bachner, Harry\n         Flood Byrd (1887-1966), James O. Eastland, Charles Rogers\n         Fenwick, Eppa Hunton IV, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Robert\n         Francis Kennedy, Marvin E. Nuckols, Jr., and A. Willis\n         Robertson). This appointment was blocked for almost a year by\n         U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd, a member of the Senate Judicial\n         Committee, who had broken with Almond over the latter's\n         apparent reversal of his support of school desegregation and\n         the policy of \"massive resistance.\" Also included is scattered\n         family correspondence, chiefly concerning the health of\n         Almond's mother, Edmonia Nicholas (Burgess) Almond (d.\n         1966).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 contains speeches given on various occasions.\n         Subseries 2.1, Speeches by J. Lindsay Almond, are arranged\n         chronologically. See 1958-1960 for the bulk of speeches\n         concerning school desegregation. Subseries 2.2, Speeches by\n         Others, is arranged alphabetically by author.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3 includes scattered financial and legal records,\n         1948-1978, of J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., consisting of records of\n         sale and purchase of residential real estate in Roanoke and\n         Richmond, Va., loose accounts and papers including forms\n         relating to his employment as a federal judge, canceled\n         checks, an account book for his expenses relating to the last\n         illness and death of his mother, Edmonia Nicholas (Burgess)\n         Almond (d. 1966) of Locust Grove, Va., and miscellaneous items\n         including an affidavit concerning the Virginia Senatorial\n         campaign of 1946 and its connection with the C.I.O. Political\n         Action Committee and a list of firearms owned by Mr.\n         Almond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4 includes scrapbooks, 1934-1963, containing chiefly\n         newspaper clippings from Richmond and Roanoke, Va., newspapers\n         documenting the various careers of J. Lindsay Almond, Jr. The\n         volumes are arranged in four subseries as follows: Subseries\n         4.1 documents Almond's career as a judge of the Roanoke City\n         Hustings Court and as a member of the U.S. House of\n         Representatives. Series 4.2 documents Almond's return to\n         Virginia to serve as Attorney General. Subseries 4.3 documents\n         Almond's campaign for, election as, and service as governor of\n         Virginia. Prominently mentioned is his fight against\n         court-ordered desegregation of public schools. Subseries 4.4\n         in many ways overlaps previous subseries but also includes a\n         scrapbook concerning the Roanoke Racing Homer Club, Roanoke,\n         Va., of which Almond was a member, and a 1963 barbecue given\n         in Almond's honor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5 consists of newspaper clippings, 1931-1987,\n         arranged chronologically, chiefly from Roanoke and Richmond,\n         Va., papers. Subjects include Almond's service as Attorney\n         General of Virginia, campaign for and election as Governor of\n         Virginia, the \"massive resistance\" movement, and the Almonds'\n         life after leaving office. See also: Oversize.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6 contains brief biographical statements,\n         occasionally in resolution form. Some items were evidently\n         attached to letters of recommendation for various\n         appointments. Persons represented include: J. Lindsay Almond,\n         Josephine Katherine (Minter) Almond, Jerome M. Alper, Rufus\n         Adolphus Ayers, Leroy S. Bendheim, Charles Newton Bordwine,\n         Carter Lee Burgess, Mortimer Maxwell Caplin, Albert Edward\n         Cox, John Alvin Crogan, Constantine N. Dombalis, John H. East,\n         F. Howard Forsyth, Connie Barriot Gay, Edward Wren Hudgins,\n         Thomas G. Massie, Joe G. Matthews, Josephine (Umberger)\n         Minter, C. E. Myers, Andrew E. Newton, Gene A. Robens, Bradley\n         Roberts, William L. Saunders, Erwin Seago, Robert N. W. Welch,\n         and Elijah Brockenbrough White.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7 contains non-scrapbook volumes. Subseries 7.1\n         consists of Almond's appointment registers, 1951-1961 (90 v.)\n         kept while he was Attorney General and Governor of Virginia.\n         Entries are short, often containing only the name of the\n         person visiting. Occasionally mention is made of subject\n         matter to be discussed. Almond's attendance at official\n         functions (including receptions, luncheons, conferences) is\n         also noted. Subseries 7.2 consists of miscellaneous volumes,\n         including a letterbook, 1919 April 30-May 9, containing drafts\n         of letters from J. Lindsay Almond to Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond; student notebook, 1923 March 4-June 1, kept\n         at the University of Virginia Law School; Roll book, 1957\n         November 5, containing recollections of J. Lindsay Almond's\n         gubernatorial victory, collected by the Almond Booster Club of\n         Roanoke, Va.; and Guest register, 1958 April 22-1962 January\n         4, of visitors to the Governor's Mansion.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8 includes diplomas, certificates of membership in\n         various organizations, law licenses and certificates of\n         qualification to appear before various courts, masonic\n         materials, and miscellaneous items received during Almond's\n         careers. Of special interest are his diploma from the\n         University of Virginia, 1923; his law license, 1921; a\n         certificate of appointment to the U.S. Court of Customs and\n         Patent Appeals, 1962, signed by John F. Kennedy and Robert P.\n         Kennedy; oath as Attorney General of Virginia, 1950;\n         certificate of election as Democratic Party candidate for\n         governor, 1957; and Virginia Senate Resolution No. 30 upon his\n         death. (Many items are oversized.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9 contains miscellaneous and other papers, including\n         Almond family papers (will, 1956, of Edmonia Nicholas\n         (Burgess) Almond; letter, 1891, of W. W. Scott to T. W.\n         Almond); Almond family genealogical notes; funeral program for\n         I. T. Minter (d. 1934), father of Josephine (Minter) Almond;\n         writings about J. Lindsay Almond; original poetry and\n         Christmas greetings from friends; and minutes of meetings,\n         1974, of the Colon Club of Richmond, Va., a social club made\n         up of members of the Richmond business and political\n         elite.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 10 contains the papers of Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond. Subseries 10.1, Correspondence, 1942-1986,\n         consists chiefly letters expressing support for J. Lindsay\n         Almond's candidacy and election as governor, and of his\n         actions as governor. Also, personal and family correspondence.\n         Correspondents of note include Mildred Almond (concerning\n         strained relations between J. Lindsay Almond and his brother\n         over the care of their invalid mother), Jacqueline (Bouvier)\n         Kennedy Onassis, Lewis S. and Ted A. Minter, Woodrow T. Scurry\n         (of Roanoke, Va., a black man who spent time in prison and\n         credited Gov. Almond with helping him to turn his life\n         around), Wilbur Walker (concerning the Governor's schedule),\n         and Edith Galt Bolling Wilson (of Washington, D.C., discussing\n         Democratic politics and her relationship with the President\n         and Mrs. Kennedy). Subseries 10.2, Speeches, 1940-1983,\n         contains the text of speeches delivered by Mrs. Almond on\n         various occasions. Arranged chronologically where possible,\n         alphabetically by subject otherwise. Subseries 10.3., Other\n         papers, 1923-1974, includes notes for speeches, commonplace\n         containing poetry and prose, financial materials concerning\n         household expenses at the Governor's Mansion, guest lists for\n         planning events at the Governor's Mansion, notes for\n         interviews, scrapbooks, and awards.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series 1 contains the non-official correspondence of J.\n         Lindsay Almond, Jr., 1925-1983, chiefly as governor and while\n         he was seeking a federal judgeship. Subjects mentioned include\n         concerns of constituents; recommendations of persons for\n         appointments by various state and local officials; the attempt\n         on Almond's life in April 1959; Almond's stand on school\n         desegregation (see the correspondence of Alburtis S. Harrison,\n         Jr., Charles L. Lady, and Sydney F. Small); and the efforts of\n         Almond's supporters to get him a position on the U.S. Court of\n         Patent Appeals (see the correspondence of George Edward Allen\n         (1885-1972), Miner Carl Andrews, Lester R. Bachner, Harry\n         Flood Byrd (1887-1966), James O. Eastland, Charles Rogers\n         Fenwick, Eppa Hunton IV, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Robert\n         Francis Kennedy, Marvin E. Nuckols, Jr., and A. Willis\n         Robertson). This appointment was blocked for almost a year by\n         U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd, a member of the Senate Judicial\n         Committee, who had broken with Almond over the latter's\n         apparent reversal of his support of school desegregation and\n         the policy of \"massive resistance.\" Also included is scattered\n         family correspondence, chiefly concerning the health of\n         Almond's mother, Edmonia Nicholas (Burgess) Almond (d.\n         1966).","Series 2 contains speeches given on various occasions.\n         Subseries 2.1, Speeches by J. Lindsay Almond, are arranged\n         chronologically. See 1958-1960 for the bulk of speeches\n         concerning school desegregation. Subseries 2.2, Speeches by\n         Others, is arranged alphabetically by author.","Series 3 includes scattered financial and legal records,\n         1948-1978, of J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., consisting of records of\n         sale and purchase of residential real estate in Roanoke and\n         Richmond, Va., loose accounts and papers including forms\n         relating to his employment as a federal judge, canceled\n         checks, an account book for his expenses relating to the last\n         illness and death of his mother, Edmonia Nicholas (Burgess)\n         Almond (d. 1966) of Locust Grove, Va., and miscellaneous items\n         including an affidavit concerning the Virginia Senatorial\n         campaign of 1946 and its connection with the C.I.O. Political\n         Action Committee and a list of firearms owned by Mr.\n         Almond.","Series 4 includes scrapbooks, 1934-1963, containing chiefly\n         newspaper clippings from Richmond and Roanoke, Va., newspapers\n         documenting the various careers of J. Lindsay Almond, Jr. The\n         volumes are arranged in four subseries as follows: Subseries\n         4.1 documents Almond's career as a judge of the Roanoke City\n         Hustings Court and as a member of the U.S. House of\n         Representatives. Series 4.2 documents Almond's return to\n         Virginia to serve as Attorney General. Subseries 4.3 documents\n         Almond's campaign for, election as, and service as governor of\n         Virginia. Prominently mentioned is his fight against\n         court-ordered desegregation of public schools. Subseries 4.4\n         in many ways overlaps previous subseries but also includes a\n         scrapbook concerning the Roanoke Racing Homer Club, Roanoke,\n         Va., of which Almond was a member, and a 1963 barbecue given\n         in Almond's honor.","Series 5 consists of newspaper clippings, 1931-1987,\n         arranged chronologically, chiefly from Roanoke and Richmond,\n         Va., papers. Subjects include Almond's service as Attorney\n         General of Virginia, campaign for and election as Governor of\n         Virginia, the \"massive resistance\" movement, and the Almonds'\n         life after leaving office. See also: Oversize.","Series 6 contains brief biographical statements,\n         occasionally in resolution form. Some items were evidently\n         attached to letters of recommendation for various\n         appointments. Persons represented include: J. Lindsay Almond,\n         Josephine Katherine (Minter) Almond, Jerome M. Alper, Rufus\n         Adolphus Ayers, Leroy S. Bendheim, Charles Newton Bordwine,\n         Carter Lee Burgess, Mortimer Maxwell Caplin, Albert Edward\n         Cox, John Alvin Crogan, Constantine N. Dombalis, John H. East,\n         F. Howard Forsyth, Connie Barriot Gay, Edward Wren Hudgins,\n         Thomas G. Massie, Joe G. Matthews, Josephine (Umberger)\n         Minter, C. E. Myers, Andrew E. Newton, Gene A. Robens, Bradley\n         Roberts, William L. Saunders, Erwin Seago, Robert N. W. Welch,\n         and Elijah Brockenbrough White.","Series 7 contains non-scrapbook volumes. Subseries 7.1\n         consists of Almond's appointment registers, 1951-1961 (90 v.)\n         kept while he was Attorney General and Governor of Virginia.\n         Entries are short, often containing only the name of the\n         person visiting. Occasionally mention is made of subject\n         matter to be discussed. Almond's attendance at official\n         functions (including receptions, luncheons, conferences) is\n         also noted. Subseries 7.2 consists of miscellaneous volumes,\n         including a letterbook, 1919 April 30-May 9, containing drafts\n         of letters from J. Lindsay Almond to Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond; student notebook, 1923 March 4-June 1, kept\n         at the University of Virginia Law School; Roll book, 1957\n         November 5, containing recollections of J. Lindsay Almond's\n         gubernatorial victory, collected by the Almond Booster Club of\n         Roanoke, Va.; and Guest register, 1958 April 22-1962 January\n         4, of visitors to the Governor's Mansion.","Series 8 includes diplomas, certificates of membership in\n         various organizations, law licenses and certificates of\n         qualification to appear before various courts, masonic\n         materials, and miscellaneous items received during Almond's\n         careers. Of special interest are his diploma from the\n         University of Virginia, 1923; his law license, 1921; a\n         certificate of appointment to the U.S. Court of Customs and\n         Patent Appeals, 1962, signed by John F. Kennedy and Robert P.\n         Kennedy; oath as Attorney General of Virginia, 1950;\n         certificate of election as Democratic Party candidate for\n         governor, 1957; and Virginia Senate Resolution No. 30 upon his\n         death. (Many items are oversized.)","Series 9 contains miscellaneous and other papers, including\n         Almond family papers (will, 1956, of Edmonia Nicholas\n         (Burgess) Almond; letter, 1891, of W. W. Scott to T. W.\n         Almond); Almond family genealogical notes; funeral program for\n         I. T. Minter (d. 1934), father of Josephine (Minter) Almond;\n         writings about J. Lindsay Almond; original poetry and\n         Christmas greetings from friends; and minutes of meetings,\n         1974, of the Colon Club of Richmond, Va., a social club made\n         up of members of the Richmond business and political\n         elite.","Series 10 contains the papers of Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond. Subseries 10.1, Correspondence, 1942-1986,\n         consists chiefly letters expressing support for J. Lindsay\n         Almond's candidacy and election as governor, and of his\n         actions as governor. Also, personal and family correspondence.\n         Correspondents of note include Mildred Almond (concerning\n         strained relations between J. Lindsay Almond and his brother\n         over the care of their invalid mother), Jacqueline (Bouvier)\n         Kennedy Onassis, Lewis S. and Ted A. Minter, Woodrow T. Scurry\n         (of Roanoke, Va., a black man who spent time in prison and\n         credited Gov. Almond with helping him to turn his life\n         around), Wilbur Walker (concerning the Governor's schedule),\n         and Edith Galt Bolling Wilson (of Washington, D.C., discussing\n         Democratic politics and her relationship with the President\n         and Mrs. Kennedy). Subseries 10.2, Speeches, 1940-1983,\n         contains the text of speeches delivered by Mrs. Almond on\n         various occasions. Arranged chronologically where possible,\n         alphabetically by subject otherwise. Subseries 10.3., Other\n         papers, 1923-1974, includes notes for speeches, commonplace\n         containing poetry and prose, financial materials concerning\n         household expenses at the Governor's Mansion, guest lists for\n         planning events at the Governor's Mansion, notes for\n         interviews, scrapbooks, and awards."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCorrespondence, 1925-1983;\n         speeches, 1927-1979; financial and legal papers, 1948-1978;\n         scrapbooks, 1934-1963; newspaper clippings, 1931-1987;\n         miscellaneous volumes; certificates and awards. Correspondence\n         is non-official, but touches on Almond's term as Governor of\n         Virginia and on his appointment to the U.S. Court of Customs\n         and Patent Appeals. Scrapbooks and clippings document his\n         campaigns and terms as attorney general and governor of\n         Virginia, and contain a great deal of information on\n         Virginia's resistance to school desegregation. Also included\n         in the collection are correspondence, speeches, and\n         miscellaneous papers of Almond's wife, Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond (1901-1992), some of which concerns her\n         service as First Lady of Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, 1925-1983;\n         speeches, 1927-1979; financial and legal papers, 1948-1978;\n         scrapbooks, 1934-1963; newspaper clippings, 1931-1987;\n         miscellaneous volumes; certificates and awards. Correspondence\n         is non-official, but touches on Almond's term as Governor of\n         Virginia and on his appointment to the U.S. Court of Customs\n         and Patent Appeals. Scrapbooks and clippings document his\n         campaigns and terms as attorney general and governor of\n         Virginia, and contain a great deal of information on\n         Virginia's resistance to school desegregation. Also included\n         in the collection are correspondence, speeches, and\n         miscellaneous papers of Almond's wife, Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond (1901-1992), some of which concerns her\n         service as First Lady of Virginia."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":21,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:36:38.951Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00019"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia Historical Society","value":"Virginia Historical Society","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Kennedy%2C+John+F.+%28John+Fitzgerald%29%2C%0A+++++++++1917-1963.\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Historical+Society"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Kennedy%2C+John+F.+%28John+Fitzgerald%29%2C%0A+++++++++1917-1963."}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"J. 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