{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=International+trade\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=International+trade\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":5,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_mccall","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Chester H. McCall papers, 1931/1947","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_mccall#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"McCall, Chester H.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_mccall#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Chester H. 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Roosevelt."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_bad3ace5966a74737ad32524d1b8dde9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Chester McCall papers contain materials from his tenure at the Department of Commerce as well as his private life.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Chester McCall papers contain materials from his tenure at the Department of Commerce as well as his private life."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United States. Department of Commerce"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. 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McCall papers\" href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaead/published/uva-sc/viu01513.xml\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on United States government and politics, particularly the Legislative branch. The  include documents on the FDIC during the 1930s.","The University of Virginia Libraries also holds a collection of the ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Chester McCall papers comprise contain materials from his tenure at the Department of Commerce as well as his private life. The materials include correspondence between Chester McCall, Secretary Roper, government employees, and business leaders; speech drafts: \"Credit and the New Deal\" (March 13, 1934), \"Regimentation and Recovery\" (November 6, 1934), \"Trading for Peace\" (August 16, 1934); and contemporary news clippings regarding the Roosevelt Administration and the Department of Commerce. The materials also include documents and writings pertaining to McCall's personal life, and memorandums and a handwritten note from Franklin D. Roosevelt.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Chester McCall papers comprise contain materials from his tenure at the Department of Commerce as well as his private life. 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Roosevelt."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_bad3ace5966a74737ad32524d1b8dde9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Chester McCall papers contain materials from his tenure at the Department of Commerce as well as his private life.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Chester McCall papers contain materials from his tenure at the Department of Commerce as well as his private life."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United States. Department of Commerce"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. 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Beard to economist Louis Domeratzky.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_729#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_729","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_729","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_729","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_729","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_729.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Letter from historian Charles A. Beard to economist Louis Domeratzky","title_ssm":["Letter from historian Charles A. Beard to economist Louis Domeratzky"],"title_tesim":["Letter from historian Charles A. Beard to economist Louis Domeratzky"],"unitdate_ssm":["December 17, 1934"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["December 17, 1934"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1934"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letter from historian Charles A. Beard to economist Louis Domeratzky, 1934"],"text":["Letter from historian Charles A. Beard to economist Louis Domeratzky, 1934","C0439","/repositories/2/resources/729","Economics","Economists -- United States","International trade","Historians","Correspondence","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","\"Charles Austin Beard (1874-1948).\" n.d. Find a Grave. Accessed November 6, 2024. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/69/charles_austin-beard.","\"Louis Domeratzky.\" 2024. In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis_Domeratzky\u0026oldid=1220363600.","\"Louis Domeratzky Papers.\" n.d. Archives West. Accessed November 6, 2024. https://aw-dev.orbiscascade.org/ark:80444/xv394523.","Munro, William B. 1935. \"The Open Door at Home; A Trial Philosophy of National Interest. By Charles A. Beard. With the Collaboration of G. H. E. Smith. (New York: The Macmillan Company. 1934. Pp. Viii, 331.).\" American Political Science Review 29 (2): 290–91. https://doi.org/10.2307/1947511.","Charles A. Beard was born on November 27, 1874 in Knightstown, Indiana. Best known for his work as a historian, Beard began his graduate studies at England's Oxford University in 1899 where he assisted in the founding of Ruskin Hall, which provided access to higher education at a reduced tuition rate. He returned to the United States in 1902 and in 1904 joined the faculty of Columbia University as a lecturer after completing his doctorate in history at the university that same year. Beard resigned from Columbia University in October 1917 and spent the rest of his career writing and selling history books, including textbooks, rather than seeking another academic appointment. In addition, he was active in the founding of the New School for Social Research (now known as The New School) in New York City's Greenwich Village and elected President of the American Political Science Association in 1926. Beard passed away on September 1, 1948 at the age of 73 and is buried in Ferncliff Cemetery and Mausoleum in Hartsdale, New York.","Louis Domeratzky was born on September 10, 1881 in Rajgrod, Poland and immigrated with his family to the United States in 1897. Domeratzky is best known for his work as an economist with the United States Department of Commerce from the early to mid-twentieth century, advising many American politicians including President Herbert Hoover. He also wrote extensively about foreign trade and economies, including trade relations, practices, and restrictions, as well as economic policies and individual national economies. He lived in McLean, Virginia for much of his adult life and passed away on February 15, 1967 at the age of 86.","Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in November 2024.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to international trade and economics, including the James M. Buchanan papers.","The University of Wyoming's American Heritage Center holds the Louis Domeratzky papers.","Letter from historian Charles A. Beard to economist Louis Domeratzky regarding Beard's book The Open Door at Home; A Trial Philosophy of National Interest. The letter appears to be written in response to an April 17, 1933 letter from Domeratzky and explains both Beard's inclusion of some economic ideas of Domeratzky in the book by \"hiding\" them under his own and his choice in the book to present the groundwork for a new economic policy.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Letter from historian Charles A. Beard to economist Louis Domeratzky.","R 71, C 1, S 7","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Beard, Charles A. (Charles Austin), 1874-1948","Domeratzky, Louis, 1881-","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Letter from historian Charles A. 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Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquired by Fenwick Library along with a donation of books by Louis Domeratzky in 1972."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Economics","Economists -- United States","International trade","Historians","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Economics","Economists -- United States","International trade","Historians","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1934],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Charles Austin Beard (1874-1948).\" n.d. 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Accessed November 6, 2024. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/69/charles_austin-beard.","\"Louis Domeratzky.\" 2024. In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis_Domeratzky\u0026oldid=1220363600.","\"Louis Domeratzky Papers.\" n.d. Archives West. Accessed November 6, 2024. https://aw-dev.orbiscascade.org/ark:80444/xv394523.","Munro, William B. 1935. \"The Open Door at Home; A Trial Philosophy of National Interest. By Charles A. Beard. With the Collaboration of G. H. E. Smith. (New York: The Macmillan Company. 1934. Pp. Viii, 331.).\" American Political Science Review 29 (2): 290–91. https://doi.org/10.2307/1947511."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles A. Beard was born on November 27, 1874 in Knightstown, Indiana. Best known for his work as a historian, Beard began his graduate studies at England's Oxford University in 1899 where he assisted in the founding of Ruskin Hall, which provided access to higher education at a reduced tuition rate. He returned to the United States in 1902 and in 1904 joined the faculty of Columbia University as a lecturer after completing his doctorate in history at the university that same year. Beard resigned from Columbia University in October 1917 and spent the rest of his career writing and selling history books, including textbooks, rather than seeking another academic appointment. In addition, he was active in the founding of the New School for Social Research (now known as The New School) in New York City's Greenwich Village and elected President of the American Political Science Association in 1926. Beard passed away on September 1, 1948 at the age of 73 and is buried in Ferncliff Cemetery and Mausoleum in Hartsdale, New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLouis Domeratzky was born on September 10, 1881 in Rajgrod, Poland and immigrated with his family to the United States in 1897. Domeratzky is best known for his work as an economist with the United States Department of Commerce from the early to mid-twentieth century, advising many American politicians including President Herbert Hoover. He also wrote extensively about foreign trade and economies, including trade relations, practices, and restrictions, as well as economic policies and individual national economies. He lived in McLean, Virginia for much of his adult life and passed away on February 15, 1967 at the age of 86.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles A. Beard was born on November 27, 1874 in Knightstown, Indiana. Best known for his work as a historian, Beard began his graduate studies at England's Oxford University in 1899 where he assisted in the founding of Ruskin Hall, which provided access to higher education at a reduced tuition rate. 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Beard to economist Louis Domeratzky, C0439, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in November 2024.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in November 2024."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to international trade and economics, including the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0246\"\u003eJames M. Buchanan papers\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe University of Wyoming's American Heritage Center holds the \u003ca href=\"https://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:80444/xv394523?q=Louis%20Domeratzky\"\u003eLouis Domeratzky papers\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to international trade and economics, including the James M. Buchanan papers.","The University of Wyoming's American Heritage Center holds the Louis Domeratzky papers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetter from historian Charles A. Beard to economist Louis Domeratzky regarding Beard's book \u003ctitle\u003eThe Open Door at Home; A Trial Philosophy of National Interest\u003c/title\u003e. The letter appears to be written in response to an April 17, 1933 letter from Domeratzky and explains both Beard's inclusion of some economic ideas of Domeratzky in the book by \"hiding\" them under his own and his choice in the book to present the groundwork for a new economic policy.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Letter from historian Charles A. Beard to economist Louis Domeratzky regarding Beard's book The Open Door at Home; A Trial Philosophy of National Interest. The letter appears to be written in response to an April 17, 1933 letter from Domeratzky and explains both Beard's inclusion of some economic ideas of Domeratzky in the book by \"hiding\" them under his own and his choice in the book to present the groundwork for a new economic policy."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_21c8a692a15c33947c21322fa9adca1b\"\u003eLetter from historian Charles A. Beard to economist Louis Domeratzky.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Letter from historian Charles A. Beard to economist Louis Domeratzky."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_8fd5a0ea4629c316618dda68d8529458\"\u003eR 71, C 1, S 7\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 71, C 1, S 7"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Beard, Charles A. (Charles Austin), 1874-1948","Domeratzky, Louis, 1881-"],"names_coll_ssim":["Domeratzky, Louis, 1881-"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Beard, Charles A. (Charles Austin), 1874-1948","Domeratzky, Louis, 1881-"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:16.850Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_729","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_729","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_729","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_729","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_729.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Letter from historian Charles A. Beard to economist Louis Domeratzky","title_ssm":["Letter from historian Charles A. Beard to economist Louis Domeratzky"],"title_tesim":["Letter from historian Charles A. Beard to economist Louis Domeratzky"],"unitdate_ssm":["December 17, 1934"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["December 17, 1934"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1934"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letter from historian Charles A. Beard to economist Louis Domeratzky, 1934"],"text":["Letter from historian Charles A. Beard to economist Louis Domeratzky, 1934","C0439","/repositories/2/resources/729","Economics","Economists -- United States","International trade","Historians","Correspondence","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","\"Charles Austin Beard (1874-1948).\" n.d. Find a Grave. Accessed November 6, 2024. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/69/charles_austin-beard.","\"Louis Domeratzky.\" 2024. In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis_Domeratzky\u0026oldid=1220363600.","\"Louis Domeratzky Papers.\" n.d. Archives West. Accessed November 6, 2024. https://aw-dev.orbiscascade.org/ark:80444/xv394523.","Munro, William B. 1935. \"The Open Door at Home; A Trial Philosophy of National Interest. By Charles A. Beard. With the Collaboration of G. H. E. Smith. (New York: The Macmillan Company. 1934. Pp. Viii, 331.).\" American Political Science Review 29 (2): 290–91. https://doi.org/10.2307/1947511.","Charles A. Beard was born on November 27, 1874 in Knightstown, Indiana. Best known for his work as a historian, Beard began his graduate studies at England's Oxford University in 1899 where he assisted in the founding of Ruskin Hall, which provided access to higher education at a reduced tuition rate. He returned to the United States in 1902 and in 1904 joined the faculty of Columbia University as a lecturer after completing his doctorate in history at the university that same year. Beard resigned from Columbia University in October 1917 and spent the rest of his career writing and selling history books, including textbooks, rather than seeking another academic appointment. In addition, he was active in the founding of the New School for Social Research (now known as The New School) in New York City's Greenwich Village and elected President of the American Political Science Association in 1926. Beard passed away on September 1, 1948 at the age of 73 and is buried in Ferncliff Cemetery and Mausoleum in Hartsdale, New York.","Louis Domeratzky was born on September 10, 1881 in Rajgrod, Poland and immigrated with his family to the United States in 1897. Domeratzky is best known for his work as an economist with the United States Department of Commerce from the early to mid-twentieth century, advising many American politicians including President Herbert Hoover. He also wrote extensively about foreign trade and economies, including trade relations, practices, and restrictions, as well as economic policies and individual national economies. He lived in McLean, Virginia for much of his adult life and passed away on February 15, 1967 at the age of 86.","Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in November 2024.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to international trade and economics, including the James M. Buchanan papers.","The University of Wyoming's American Heritage Center holds the Louis Domeratzky papers.","Letter from historian Charles A. Beard to economist Louis Domeratzky regarding Beard's book The Open Door at Home; A Trial Philosophy of National Interest. 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Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquired by Fenwick Library along with a donation of books by Louis Domeratzky in 1972."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Economics","Economists -- United States","International trade","Historians","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Economics","Economists -- United States","International trade","Historians","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1934],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Charles Austin Beard (1874-1948).\" n.d. Find a Grave. Accessed November 6, 2024. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/69/charles_austin-beard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Louis Domeratzky.\" 2024. In \u003ctitle\u003eWikipedia\u003c/title\u003e. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis_Domeratzky\u0026amp;oldid=1220363600.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Louis Domeratzky Papers.\" n.d. Archives West. Accessed November 6, 2024. https://aw-dev.orbiscascade.org/ark:80444/xv394523.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMunro, William B. 1935. \"The Open Door at Home; A Trial Philosophy of National Interest. By Charles A. Beard. With the Collaboration of G. H. E. Smith. (New York: The Macmillan Company. 1934. Pp. Viii, 331.).\" \u003ctitle\u003eAmerican Political Science Review\u003c/title\u003e 29 (2): 290–91. https://doi.org/10.2307/1947511.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Charles Austin Beard (1874-1948).\" n.d. Find a Grave. Accessed November 6, 2024. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/69/charles_austin-beard.","\"Louis Domeratzky.\" 2024. In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis_Domeratzky\u0026oldid=1220363600.","\"Louis Domeratzky Papers.\" n.d. Archives West. Accessed November 6, 2024. https://aw-dev.orbiscascade.org/ark:80444/xv394523.","Munro, William B. 1935. \"The Open Door at Home; A Trial Philosophy of National Interest. By Charles A. Beard. With the Collaboration of G. H. E. Smith. (New York: The Macmillan Company. 1934. Pp. Viii, 331.).\" American Political Science Review 29 (2): 290–91. https://doi.org/10.2307/1947511."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles A. Beard was born on November 27, 1874 in Knightstown, Indiana. Best known for his work as a historian, Beard began his graduate studies at England's Oxford University in 1899 where he assisted in the founding of Ruskin Hall, which provided access to higher education at a reduced tuition rate. He returned to the United States in 1902 and in 1904 joined the faculty of Columbia University as a lecturer after completing his doctorate in history at the university that same year. Beard resigned from Columbia University in October 1917 and spent the rest of his career writing and selling history books, including textbooks, rather than seeking another academic appointment. In addition, he was active in the founding of the New School for Social Research (now known as The New School) in New York City's Greenwich Village and elected President of the American Political Science Association in 1926. Beard passed away on September 1, 1948 at the age of 73 and is buried in Ferncliff Cemetery and Mausoleum in Hartsdale, New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLouis Domeratzky was born on September 10, 1881 in Rajgrod, Poland and immigrated with his family to the United States in 1897. Domeratzky is best known for his work as an economist with the United States Department of Commerce from the early to mid-twentieth century, advising many American politicians including President Herbert Hoover. He also wrote extensively about foreign trade and economies, including trade relations, practices, and restrictions, as well as economic policies and individual national economies. He lived in McLean, Virginia for much of his adult life and passed away on February 15, 1967 at the age of 86.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles A. Beard was born on November 27, 1874 in Knightstown, Indiana. Best known for his work as a historian, Beard began his graduate studies at England's Oxford University in 1899 where he assisted in the founding of Ruskin Hall, which provided access to higher education at a reduced tuition rate. He returned to the United States in 1902 and in 1904 joined the faculty of Columbia University as a lecturer after completing his doctorate in history at the university that same year. Beard resigned from Columbia University in October 1917 and spent the rest of his career writing and selling history books, including textbooks, rather than seeking another academic appointment. In addition, he was active in the founding of the New School for Social Research (now known as The New School) in New York City's Greenwich Village and elected President of the American Political Science Association in 1926. Beard passed away on September 1, 1948 at the age of 73 and is buried in Ferncliff Cemetery and Mausoleum in Hartsdale, New York.","Louis Domeratzky was born on September 10, 1881 in Rajgrod, Poland and immigrated with his family to the United States in 1897. Domeratzky is best known for his work as an economist with the United States Department of Commerce from the early to mid-twentieth century, advising many American politicians including President Herbert Hoover. He also wrote extensively about foreign trade and economies, including trade relations, practices, and restrictions, as well as economic policies and individual national economies. He lived in McLean, Virginia for much of his adult life and passed away on February 15, 1967 at the age of 86."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetter from historian Charles A. Beard to economist Louis Domeratzky, C0439, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Letter from historian Charles A. Beard to economist Louis Domeratzky, C0439, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in November 2024.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in November 2024."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to international trade and economics, including the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0246\"\u003eJames M. Buchanan papers\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe University of Wyoming's American Heritage Center holds the \u003ca href=\"https://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:80444/xv394523?q=Louis%20Domeratzky\"\u003eLouis Domeratzky papers\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to international trade and economics, including the James M. Buchanan papers.","The University of Wyoming's American Heritage Center holds the Louis Domeratzky papers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetter from historian Charles A. Beard to economist Louis Domeratzky regarding Beard's book \u003ctitle\u003eThe Open Door at Home; A Trial Philosophy of National Interest\u003c/title\u003e. The letter appears to be written in response to an April 17, 1933 letter from Domeratzky and explains both Beard's inclusion of some economic ideas of Domeratzky in the book by \"hiding\" them under his own and his choice in the book to present the groundwork for a new economic policy.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Letter from historian Charles A. Beard to economist Louis Domeratzky regarding Beard's book The Open Door at Home; A Trial Philosophy of National Interest. The letter appears to be written in response to an April 17, 1933 letter from Domeratzky and explains both Beard's inclusion of some economic ideas of Domeratzky in the book by \"hiding\" them under his own and his choice in the book to present the groundwork for a new economic policy."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_21c8a692a15c33947c21322fa9adca1b\"\u003eLetter from historian Charles A. Beard to economist Louis Domeratzky.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Letter from historian Charles A. 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(Charles Austin), 1874-1948","Domeratzky, Louis, 1881-"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:16.850Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_729"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_775","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_775#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Fenwick, Joseph, 1762-1849","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_775#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Letters and pamphlets collected by Joseph Fenwick concerning legal cases and appeals related to his international trade issues involving Fenwick, Mason, \u0026amp; Company.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_775#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_775","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_775","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_775","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_775","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_775.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals","title_ssm":["Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals"],"title_tesim":["Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1790s-1800s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1790s-1800s"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals"],"text":["Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals","C0550","/repositories/2/resources/775","France","Pamphlets","Shipping","Commercial law","International trade","Shipment of goods -- Law and legislation","Shipping companies (Marine transportation)","Consuls","Quaker businesspeople","Correspondence","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single folder collection.","City of Bordeaux Website. n.d. \"The Chartreuse Cemetery.\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.bordeaux.fr/le-cimetiere-de-la-chartreuse.","DeJong, David H. 2021. \"John M. Mason: Superintendent of Indian Trade (October 1807–April 1, 1816).\" In Paternalism to Partnership. The Administration of Indian Affairs, 1786–2021. University of Nebraska Press. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2cw0sp9.11.","Find a Grave. n.d.-a. \"BG John Mason (1766-1849).\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/43974818/john-mason.","Find a Grave. n.d.-b. \"Joseph Fenwick (1765-1849).\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/280623431/joseph-fenwick.","Founder of the Day. 2020. \"Joseph Fenwick First Consul to Bordeaux.\" November 16. https://www.founderoftheday.com/founder-of-the-day/joseph-fenwick-bordeaux.","Gunston Hall Archives. n.d. \"Guide to the John Mason Papers.\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://archive.gunstonhall.com/library/archives/finding_aids/jm_mason_finding_aid.html.","Joseph Fenwick of Maryland, born in 1765, is best remembered for his role as first U.S. Consul to Bordeaux, France. He was commissioned by President George Washington in 1790, having been recommended by both Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) and George Mason (1725-1792). Following the Revolutionary War, Joseph and his brother James founded and jointly operated a shipping company based in Bordeaux and Georgetown. Soon after, John M. Mason, son of George Mason, joined the company as a third partner and the name was changed to Fenwick, Mason \u0026 Company. In November 1792, while still based in Bordeaux, Joseph married Catherine Eleonore de Menoire and the pair would go on to have two children. Joseph passed away on November 24, 1849 at the age of 83 or 84 and is buried in the Cimetière de la Chartreuse, Bordeaux's oldest and largest cemetery.","John M. Mason was born on April 4, 1766, in Charles County, Maryland to George and Ann (Eilbeck) Mason of Gunston Hall. His father, officially George Mason IV, was one of fifty-five delegates sent to the 1787 Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, although he did not sign the constitution due to concerns over the scope of federal authority. Following a two-year mercantile trade apprenticeship in Alexandria, Virginia with William Hartshorn, a Quaker businessman, John formally began his merchant career in 1788 alongside Joseph and James Fenwick of Maryland, managing the business in Bordeaux, France until 1792 when he returned to the United States and took over management of the company in Georgetown. In 1798, he became president of the Bank of Columbia and in 1796 he became a director of the Potowmack Canal Company, going on to assume the role of president in 1817. In 1796, John married Ann Maria Murray of Annapolis, Maryland and the couple would go on to have ten childre. The family lived in both Georgetown and a mansion on Analostan Island (now known as Theodore Roosevelt Island). John passed away on March 9, 1849 at the age of 82 and is buried in Christ Church Episcopal Cemetery in Alexandria, Virginia.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from May-June 2026. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from July-August 2026.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments, and Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia.","The Gunston Hall Library \u0026 Archives holds the John Mason Papers.","Letters and pamphlets collected by Joseph Fenwick concerning legal cases and appeals related to his international trade issues involving Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company. Papers originally kept in document enclosure with name \"Fenwick\" on front suggesting these materials were collected together by Joseph Fenwick. One of the two handwritten letters is dated 1794 in Philadelphia, while the other is undated.","The papers include five printed legal appeal pamphlets, each found along the edge with string. Four of these concern a lengthy dispute between Fenwick and Jonathan Jones, a Quaker from Philadelphia living in Bordeaux, France, with one pamphlet including a duplicate manuscript version with handwritten annotations. The case involved Jones chartering a ship from Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company to move goods from French Indian Ocean colonies to France by way of the neutral America, which was viewed to be in violation of British trade provisions during the Napoleonic Wars, leading to the capture of the ship and its cargo, which was brought to Halifax, Canada. John Mason retrieved the goods from Canada and sold it at a loss, and the apportioning of this became the subject of years long legal proceedings detailed in these pamphlets. The collection's two handwritten letters are French translations of correspondence related to the Jones dispute and referenced in the one of the pamphlets, one dated December 4, 1794 in Philadelphia and addressed to Fenwick from John Mason and one dated May 24, 1794 in Georgetown from Mason to a colleague named Gabriac.","The fifth pamphlet concerns a different legal case involving the 1798 capture by the French of an American ship named \"The Union\" captained by Abel Lunt of Newburyport, Massachusetts. The pamphlet details that following legal appeals the value of the ship and cargo, plus interest, were awarded to Lunt through Fenwick as proxy.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Letters and pamphlets collected by Joseph Fenwick concerning legal cases and appeals related to his international trade issues involving Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company.","R 73, C 2, S 4","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Mason, Fenwick and Company","Fenwick, Joseph, 1762-1849","Lunt, Abel, 1769-1806","Mason, John, 1766-1849","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals"],"collection_ssim":["Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0550","/repositories/2/resources/775"],"unitid_tesim":["C0550","/repositories/2/resources/775"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["France"],"geogname_ssim":["France"],"places_ssim":["France"],"creator_ssm":["Fenwick, Joseph, 1762-1849"],"creator_ssim":["Fenwick, Joseph, 1762-1849"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Fenwick, Joseph, 1762-1849","Lunt, Abel, 1769-1806","Mason, John, 1766-1849"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Mason, Fenwick and Company"],"creators_ssim":["Fenwick, Joseph, 1762-1849","Lunt, Abel, 1769-1806","Mason, John, 1766-1849","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Mason, Fenwick and Company"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Lynn Eaton and George Oberle from Leo Cadogan Rare Books in March 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Pamphlets","Shipping","Commercial law","International trade","Shipment of goods -- Law and legislation","Shipping companies (Marine transportation)","Consuls","Quaker businesspeople","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Pamphlets","Shipping","Commercial law","International trade","Shipment of goods -- Law and legislation","Shipping companies (Marine transportation)","Consuls","Quaker businesspeople","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single folder collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single folder collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCity of Bordeaux Website. n.d. \"The Chartreuse Cemetery.\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.bordeaux.fr/le-cimetiere-de-la-chartreuse.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeJong, David H. 2021. \"John M. Mason: Superintendent of Indian Trade (October 1807–April 1, 1816).\" In \u003ctitle\u003ePaternalism to Partnership\u003c/title\u003e. The Administration of Indian Affairs, 1786–2021. University of Nebraska Press. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2cw0sp9.11.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFind a Grave. n.d.-a. \"BG John Mason (1766-1849).\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/43974818/john-mason.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFind a Grave. n.d.-b. \"Joseph Fenwick (1765-1849).\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/280623431/joseph-fenwick.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFounder of the Day. 2020. \"Joseph Fenwick First Consul to Bordeaux.\" November 16. https://www.founderoftheday.com/founder-of-the-day/joseph-fenwick-bordeaux.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGunston Hall Archives. n.d. \"Guide to the John Mason Papers.\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://archive.gunstonhall.com/library/archives/finding_aids/jm_mason_finding_aid.html.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["City of Bordeaux Website. n.d. \"The Chartreuse Cemetery.\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.bordeaux.fr/le-cimetiere-de-la-chartreuse.","DeJong, David H. 2021. \"John M. Mason: Superintendent of Indian Trade (October 1807–April 1, 1816).\" In Paternalism to Partnership. The Administration of Indian Affairs, 1786–2021. University of Nebraska Press. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2cw0sp9.11.","Find a Grave. n.d.-a. \"BG John Mason (1766-1849).\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/43974818/john-mason.","Find a Grave. n.d.-b. \"Joseph Fenwick (1765-1849).\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/280623431/joseph-fenwick.","Founder of the Day. 2020. \"Joseph Fenwick First Consul to Bordeaux.\" November 16. https://www.founderoftheday.com/founder-of-the-day/joseph-fenwick-bordeaux.","Gunston Hall Archives. n.d. \"Guide to the John Mason Papers.\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://archive.gunstonhall.com/library/archives/finding_aids/jm_mason_finding_aid.html."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph Fenwick of Maryland, born in 1765, is best remembered for his role as first U.S. Consul to Bordeaux, France. He was commissioned by President George Washington in 1790, having been recommended by both Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) and George Mason (1725-1792). Following the Revolutionary War, Joseph and his brother James founded and jointly operated a shipping company based in Bordeaux and Georgetown. Soon after, John M. Mason, son of George Mason, joined the company as a third partner and the name was changed to Fenwick, Mason \u0026amp; Company. In November 1792, while still based in Bordeaux, Joseph married Catherine Eleonore de Menoire and the pair would go on to have two children. Joseph passed away on November 24, 1849 at the age of 83 or 84 and is buried in the Cimetière de la Chartreuse, Bordeaux's oldest and largest cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn M. Mason was born on April 4, 1766, in Charles County, Maryland to George and Ann (Eilbeck) Mason of Gunston Hall. His father, officially George Mason IV, was one of fifty-five delegates sent to the 1787 Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, although he did not sign the constitution due to concerns over the scope of federal authority. Following a two-year mercantile trade apprenticeship in Alexandria, Virginia with William Hartshorn, a Quaker businessman, John formally began his merchant career in 1788 alongside Joseph and James Fenwick of Maryland, managing the business in Bordeaux, France until 1792 when he returned to the United States and took over management of the company in Georgetown. In 1798, he became president of the Bank of Columbia and in 1796 he became a director of the Potowmack Canal Company, going on to assume the role of president in 1817. In 1796, John married Ann Maria Murray of Annapolis, Maryland and the couple would go on to have ten childre. The family lived in both Georgetown and a mansion on Analostan Island (now known as Theodore Roosevelt Island). John passed away on March 9, 1849 at the age of 82 and is buried in Christ Church Episcopal Cemetery in Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joseph Fenwick of Maryland, born in 1765, is best remembered for his role as first U.S. Consul to Bordeaux, France. He was commissioned by President George Washington in 1790, having been recommended by both Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) and George Mason (1725-1792). Following the Revolutionary War, Joseph and his brother James founded and jointly operated a shipping company based in Bordeaux and Georgetown. Soon after, John M. Mason, son of George Mason, joined the company as a third partner and the name was changed to Fenwick, Mason \u0026 Company. In November 1792, while still based in Bordeaux, Joseph married Catherine Eleonore de Menoire and the pair would go on to have two children. Joseph passed away on November 24, 1849 at the age of 83 or 84 and is buried in the Cimetière de la Chartreuse, Bordeaux's oldest and largest cemetery.","John M. Mason was born on April 4, 1766, in Charles County, Maryland to George and Ann (Eilbeck) Mason of Gunston Hall. His father, officially George Mason IV, was one of fifty-five delegates sent to the 1787 Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, although he did not sign the constitution due to concerns over the scope of federal authority. Following a two-year mercantile trade apprenticeship in Alexandria, Virginia with William Hartshorn, a Quaker businessman, John formally began his merchant career in 1788 alongside Joseph and James Fenwick of Maryland, managing the business in Bordeaux, France until 1792 when he returned to the United States and took over management of the company in Georgetown. In 1798, he became president of the Bank of Columbia and in 1796 he became a director of the Potowmack Canal Company, going on to assume the role of president in 1817. In 1796, John married Ann Maria Murray of Annapolis, Maryland and the couple would go on to have ten childre. The family lived in both Georgetown and a mansion on Analostan Island (now known as Theodore Roosevelt Island). John passed away on March 9, 1849 at the age of 82 and is buried in Christ Church Episcopal Cemetery in Alexandria, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026amp; Company legal cases and appeals, C0550, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals, C0550, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from May-June 2026. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from July-August 2026.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from May-June 2026. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from July-August 2026."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0340\"\u003eLetters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0357\"\u003eLetter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Gunston Hall Library \u0026amp; Archives holds the \u003ca href=\"https://archive.gunstonhall.com/library/archives/finding_aids/jm_mason_finding_aid.html\"\u003eJohn Mason Papers\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments, and Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia.","The Gunston Hall Library \u0026 Archives holds the John Mason Papers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters and pamphlets collected by Joseph Fenwick concerning legal cases and appeals related to his international trade issues involving Fenwick, Mason, \u0026amp; Company. Papers originally kept in document enclosure with name \"Fenwick\" on front suggesting these materials were collected together by Joseph Fenwick. One of the two handwritten letters is dated 1794 in Philadelphia, while the other is undated. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers include five printed legal appeal pamphlets, each found along the edge with string. Four of these concern a lengthy dispute between Fenwick and Jonathan Jones, a Quaker from Philadelphia living in Bordeaux, France, with one pamphlet including a duplicate manuscript version with handwritten annotations. The case involved Jones chartering a ship from Fenwick, Mason, \u0026amp; Company to move goods from French Indian Ocean colonies to France by way of the neutral America, which was viewed to be in violation of British trade provisions during the Napoleonic Wars, leading to the capture of the ship and its cargo, which was brought to Halifax, Canada. John Mason retrieved the goods from Canada and sold it at a loss, and the apportioning of this became the subject of years long legal proceedings detailed in these pamphlets. The collection's two handwritten letters are French translations of correspondence related to the Jones dispute and referenced in the one of the pamphlets, one dated December 4, 1794 in Philadelphia and addressed to Fenwick from John Mason and one dated May 24, 1794 in Georgetown from Mason to a colleague named Gabriac.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fifth pamphlet concerns a different legal case involving the 1798 capture by the French of an American ship named \"The Union\" captained by Abel Lunt of Newburyport, Massachusetts. The pamphlet details that following legal appeals the value of the ship and cargo, plus interest, were awarded to Lunt through Fenwick as proxy.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Letters and pamphlets collected by Joseph Fenwick concerning legal cases and appeals related to his international trade issues involving Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company. Papers originally kept in document enclosure with name \"Fenwick\" on front suggesting these materials were collected together by Joseph Fenwick. One of the two handwritten letters is dated 1794 in Philadelphia, while the other is undated.","The papers include five printed legal appeal pamphlets, each found along the edge with string. Four of these concern a lengthy dispute between Fenwick and Jonathan Jones, a Quaker from Philadelphia living in Bordeaux, France, with one pamphlet including a duplicate manuscript version with handwritten annotations. The case involved Jones chartering a ship from Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company to move goods from French Indian Ocean colonies to France by way of the neutral America, which was viewed to be in violation of British trade provisions during the Napoleonic Wars, leading to the capture of the ship and its cargo, which was brought to Halifax, Canada. John Mason retrieved the goods from Canada and sold it at a loss, and the apportioning of this became the subject of years long legal proceedings detailed in these pamphlets. The collection's two handwritten letters are French translations of correspondence related to the Jones dispute and referenced in the one of the pamphlets, one dated December 4, 1794 in Philadelphia and addressed to Fenwick from John Mason and one dated May 24, 1794 in Georgetown from Mason to a colleague named Gabriac.","The fifth pamphlet concerns a different legal case involving the 1798 capture by the French of an American ship named \"The Union\" captained by Abel Lunt of Newburyport, Massachusetts. The pamphlet details that following legal appeals the value of the ship and cargo, plus interest, were awarded to Lunt through Fenwick as proxy."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_14aa3143d4760967fabd465728b68141\"\u003eLetters and pamphlets collected by Joseph Fenwick concerning legal cases and appeals related to his international trade issues involving Fenwick, Mason, \u0026amp; Company.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Letters and pamphlets collected by Joseph Fenwick concerning legal cases and appeals related to his international trade issues involving Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_cfd66f15e6b713f3605d91d08bfe8e3a\"\u003eR 73, C 2, S 4\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 73, C 2, S 4"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Mason, Fenwick and Company"],"names_coll_ssim":["Mason, Fenwick and Company","Lunt, Abel, 1769-1806","Mason, John, 1766-1849"],"persname_ssim":["Fenwick, Joseph, 1762-1849","Lunt, Abel, 1769-1806","Mason, John, 1766-1849"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Mason, Fenwick and Company","Fenwick, Joseph, 1762-1849","Lunt, Abel, 1769-1806","Mason, John, 1766-1849"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-07T00:01:26.121Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_775","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_775","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_775","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_775","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_775.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals","title_ssm":["Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals"],"title_tesim":["Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1790s-1800s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1790s-1800s"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals"],"text":["Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals","C0550","/repositories/2/resources/775","France","Pamphlets","Shipping","Commercial law","International trade","Shipment of goods -- Law and legislation","Shipping companies (Marine transportation)","Consuls","Quaker businesspeople","Correspondence","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single folder collection.","City of Bordeaux Website. n.d. \"The Chartreuse Cemetery.\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.bordeaux.fr/le-cimetiere-de-la-chartreuse.","DeJong, David H. 2021. \"John M. Mason: Superintendent of Indian Trade (October 1807–April 1, 1816).\" In Paternalism to Partnership. The Administration of Indian Affairs, 1786–2021. University of Nebraska Press. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2cw0sp9.11.","Find a Grave. n.d.-a. \"BG John Mason (1766-1849).\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/43974818/john-mason.","Find a Grave. n.d.-b. \"Joseph Fenwick (1765-1849).\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/280623431/joseph-fenwick.","Founder of the Day. 2020. \"Joseph Fenwick First Consul to Bordeaux.\" November 16. https://www.founderoftheday.com/founder-of-the-day/joseph-fenwick-bordeaux.","Gunston Hall Archives. n.d. \"Guide to the John Mason Papers.\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://archive.gunstonhall.com/library/archives/finding_aids/jm_mason_finding_aid.html.","Joseph Fenwick of Maryland, born in 1765, is best remembered for his role as first U.S. Consul to Bordeaux, France. He was commissioned by President George Washington in 1790, having been recommended by both Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) and George Mason (1725-1792). Following the Revolutionary War, Joseph and his brother James founded and jointly operated a shipping company based in Bordeaux and Georgetown. Soon after, John M. Mason, son of George Mason, joined the company as a third partner and the name was changed to Fenwick, Mason \u0026 Company. In November 1792, while still based in Bordeaux, Joseph married Catherine Eleonore de Menoire and the pair would go on to have two children. Joseph passed away on November 24, 1849 at the age of 83 or 84 and is buried in the Cimetière de la Chartreuse, Bordeaux's oldest and largest cemetery.","John M. Mason was born on April 4, 1766, in Charles County, Maryland to George and Ann (Eilbeck) Mason of Gunston Hall. His father, officially George Mason IV, was one of fifty-five delegates sent to the 1787 Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, although he did not sign the constitution due to concerns over the scope of federal authority. Following a two-year mercantile trade apprenticeship in Alexandria, Virginia with William Hartshorn, a Quaker businessman, John formally began his merchant career in 1788 alongside Joseph and James Fenwick of Maryland, managing the business in Bordeaux, France until 1792 when he returned to the United States and took over management of the company in Georgetown. In 1798, he became president of the Bank of Columbia and in 1796 he became a director of the Potowmack Canal Company, going on to assume the role of president in 1817. In 1796, John married Ann Maria Murray of Annapolis, Maryland and the couple would go on to have ten childre. The family lived in both Georgetown and a mansion on Analostan Island (now known as Theodore Roosevelt Island). John passed away on March 9, 1849 at the age of 82 and is buried in Christ Church Episcopal Cemetery in Alexandria, Virginia.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from May-June 2026. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from July-August 2026.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments, and Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia.","The Gunston Hall Library \u0026 Archives holds the John Mason Papers.","Letters and pamphlets collected by Joseph Fenwick concerning legal cases and appeals related to his international trade issues involving Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company. Papers originally kept in document enclosure with name \"Fenwick\" on front suggesting these materials were collected together by Joseph Fenwick. One of the two handwritten letters is dated 1794 in Philadelphia, while the other is undated.","The papers include five printed legal appeal pamphlets, each found along the edge with string. Four of these concern a lengthy dispute between Fenwick and Jonathan Jones, a Quaker from Philadelphia living in Bordeaux, France, with one pamphlet including a duplicate manuscript version with handwritten annotations. The case involved Jones chartering a ship from Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company to move goods from French Indian Ocean colonies to France by way of the neutral America, which was viewed to be in violation of British trade provisions during the Napoleonic Wars, leading to the capture of the ship and its cargo, which was brought to Halifax, Canada. John Mason retrieved the goods from Canada and sold it at a loss, and the apportioning of this became the subject of years long legal proceedings detailed in these pamphlets. The collection's two handwritten letters are French translations of correspondence related to the Jones dispute and referenced in the one of the pamphlets, one dated December 4, 1794 in Philadelphia and addressed to Fenwick from John Mason and one dated May 24, 1794 in Georgetown from Mason to a colleague named Gabriac.","The fifth pamphlet concerns a different legal case involving the 1798 capture by the French of an American ship named \"The Union\" captained by Abel Lunt of Newburyport, Massachusetts. The pamphlet details that following legal appeals the value of the ship and cargo, plus interest, were awarded to Lunt through Fenwick as proxy.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Letters and pamphlets collected by Joseph Fenwick concerning legal cases and appeals related to his international trade issues involving Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company.","R 73, C 2, S 4","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Mason, Fenwick and Company","Fenwick, Joseph, 1762-1849","Lunt, Abel, 1769-1806","Mason, John, 1766-1849","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals"],"collection_ssim":["Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0550","/repositories/2/resources/775"],"unitid_tesim":["C0550","/repositories/2/resources/775"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["France"],"geogname_ssim":["France"],"places_ssim":["France"],"creator_ssm":["Fenwick, Joseph, 1762-1849"],"creator_ssim":["Fenwick, Joseph, 1762-1849"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Fenwick, Joseph, 1762-1849","Lunt, Abel, 1769-1806","Mason, John, 1766-1849"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Mason, Fenwick and Company"],"creators_ssim":["Fenwick, Joseph, 1762-1849","Lunt, Abel, 1769-1806","Mason, John, 1766-1849","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Mason, Fenwick and Company"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Lynn Eaton and George Oberle from Leo Cadogan Rare Books in March 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Pamphlets","Shipping","Commercial law","International trade","Shipment of goods -- Law and legislation","Shipping companies (Marine transportation)","Consuls","Quaker businesspeople","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Pamphlets","Shipping","Commercial law","International trade","Shipment of goods -- Law and legislation","Shipping companies (Marine transportation)","Consuls","Quaker businesspeople","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single folder collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single folder collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCity of Bordeaux Website. n.d. \"The Chartreuse Cemetery.\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.bordeaux.fr/le-cimetiere-de-la-chartreuse.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeJong, David H. 2021. \"John M. Mason: Superintendent of Indian Trade (October 1807–April 1, 1816).\" In \u003ctitle\u003ePaternalism to Partnership\u003c/title\u003e. The Administration of Indian Affairs, 1786–2021. University of Nebraska Press. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2cw0sp9.11.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFind a Grave. n.d.-a. \"BG John Mason (1766-1849).\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/43974818/john-mason.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFind a Grave. n.d.-b. \"Joseph Fenwick (1765-1849).\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/280623431/joseph-fenwick.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFounder of the Day. 2020. \"Joseph Fenwick First Consul to Bordeaux.\" November 16. https://www.founderoftheday.com/founder-of-the-day/joseph-fenwick-bordeaux.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGunston Hall Archives. n.d. \"Guide to the John Mason Papers.\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://archive.gunstonhall.com/library/archives/finding_aids/jm_mason_finding_aid.html.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["City of Bordeaux Website. n.d. \"The Chartreuse Cemetery.\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.bordeaux.fr/le-cimetiere-de-la-chartreuse.","DeJong, David H. 2021. \"John M. Mason: Superintendent of Indian Trade (October 1807–April 1, 1816).\" In Paternalism to Partnership. The Administration of Indian Affairs, 1786–2021. University of Nebraska Press. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2cw0sp9.11.","Find a Grave. n.d.-a. \"BG John Mason (1766-1849).\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/43974818/john-mason.","Find a Grave. n.d.-b. \"Joseph Fenwick (1765-1849).\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/280623431/joseph-fenwick.","Founder of the Day. 2020. \"Joseph Fenwick First Consul to Bordeaux.\" November 16. https://www.founderoftheday.com/founder-of-the-day/joseph-fenwick-bordeaux.","Gunston Hall Archives. n.d. \"Guide to the John Mason Papers.\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://archive.gunstonhall.com/library/archives/finding_aids/jm_mason_finding_aid.html."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph Fenwick of Maryland, born in 1765, is best remembered for his role as first U.S. Consul to Bordeaux, France. He was commissioned by President George Washington in 1790, having been recommended by both Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) and George Mason (1725-1792). Following the Revolutionary War, Joseph and his brother James founded and jointly operated a shipping company based in Bordeaux and Georgetown. Soon after, John M. Mason, son of George Mason, joined the company as a third partner and the name was changed to Fenwick, Mason \u0026amp; Company. In November 1792, while still based in Bordeaux, Joseph married Catherine Eleonore de Menoire and the pair would go on to have two children. Joseph passed away on November 24, 1849 at the age of 83 or 84 and is buried in the Cimetière de la Chartreuse, Bordeaux's oldest and largest cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn M. Mason was born on April 4, 1766, in Charles County, Maryland to George and Ann (Eilbeck) Mason of Gunston Hall. His father, officially George Mason IV, was one of fifty-five delegates sent to the 1787 Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, although he did not sign the constitution due to concerns over the scope of federal authority. Following a two-year mercantile trade apprenticeship in Alexandria, Virginia with William Hartshorn, a Quaker businessman, John formally began his merchant career in 1788 alongside Joseph and James Fenwick of Maryland, managing the business in Bordeaux, France until 1792 when he returned to the United States and took over management of the company in Georgetown. In 1798, he became president of the Bank of Columbia and in 1796 he became a director of the Potowmack Canal Company, going on to assume the role of president in 1817. In 1796, John married Ann Maria Murray of Annapolis, Maryland and the couple would go on to have ten childre. The family lived in both Georgetown and a mansion on Analostan Island (now known as Theodore Roosevelt Island). John passed away on March 9, 1849 at the age of 82 and is buried in Christ Church Episcopal Cemetery in Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joseph Fenwick of Maryland, born in 1765, is best remembered for his role as first U.S. Consul to Bordeaux, France. He was commissioned by President George Washington in 1790, having been recommended by both Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) and George Mason (1725-1792). Following the Revolutionary War, Joseph and his brother James founded and jointly operated a shipping company based in Bordeaux and Georgetown. Soon after, John M. Mason, son of George Mason, joined the company as a third partner and the name was changed to Fenwick, Mason \u0026 Company. In November 1792, while still based in Bordeaux, Joseph married Catherine Eleonore de Menoire and the pair would go on to have two children. Joseph passed away on November 24, 1849 at the age of 83 or 84 and is buried in the Cimetière de la Chartreuse, Bordeaux's oldest and largest cemetery.","John M. Mason was born on April 4, 1766, in Charles County, Maryland to George and Ann (Eilbeck) Mason of Gunston Hall. His father, officially George Mason IV, was one of fifty-five delegates sent to the 1787 Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, although he did not sign the constitution due to concerns over the scope of federal authority. Following a two-year mercantile trade apprenticeship in Alexandria, Virginia with William Hartshorn, a Quaker businessman, John formally began his merchant career in 1788 alongside Joseph and James Fenwick of Maryland, managing the business in Bordeaux, France until 1792 when he returned to the United States and took over management of the company in Georgetown. In 1798, he became president of the Bank of Columbia and in 1796 he became a director of the Potowmack Canal Company, going on to assume the role of president in 1817. In 1796, John married Ann Maria Murray of Annapolis, Maryland and the couple would go on to have ten childre. The family lived in both Georgetown and a mansion on Analostan Island (now known as Theodore Roosevelt Island). John passed away on March 9, 1849 at the age of 82 and is buried in Christ Church Episcopal Cemetery in Alexandria, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026amp; Company legal cases and appeals, C0550, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals, C0550, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from May-June 2026. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from July-August 2026.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from May-June 2026. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from July-August 2026."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0340\"\u003eLetters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0357\"\u003eLetter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Gunston Hall Library \u0026amp; Archives holds the \u003ca href=\"https://archive.gunstonhall.com/library/archives/finding_aids/jm_mason_finding_aid.html\"\u003eJohn Mason Papers\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments, and Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia.","The Gunston Hall Library \u0026 Archives holds the John Mason Papers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters and pamphlets collected by Joseph Fenwick concerning legal cases and appeals related to his international trade issues involving Fenwick, Mason, \u0026amp; Company. Papers originally kept in document enclosure with name \"Fenwick\" on front suggesting these materials were collected together by Joseph Fenwick. One of the two handwritten letters is dated 1794 in Philadelphia, while the other is undated. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers include five printed legal appeal pamphlets, each found along the edge with string. Four of these concern a lengthy dispute between Fenwick and Jonathan Jones, a Quaker from Philadelphia living in Bordeaux, France, with one pamphlet including a duplicate manuscript version with handwritten annotations. The case involved Jones chartering a ship from Fenwick, Mason, \u0026amp; Company to move goods from French Indian Ocean colonies to France by way of the neutral America, which was viewed to be in violation of British trade provisions during the Napoleonic Wars, leading to the capture of the ship and its cargo, which was brought to Halifax, Canada. John Mason retrieved the goods from Canada and sold it at a loss, and the apportioning of this became the subject of years long legal proceedings detailed in these pamphlets. The collection's two handwritten letters are French translations of correspondence related to the Jones dispute and referenced in the one of the pamphlets, one dated December 4, 1794 in Philadelphia and addressed to Fenwick from John Mason and one dated May 24, 1794 in Georgetown from Mason to a colleague named Gabriac.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fifth pamphlet concerns a different legal case involving the 1798 capture by the French of an American ship named \"The Union\" captained by Abel Lunt of Newburyport, Massachusetts. The pamphlet details that following legal appeals the value of the ship and cargo, plus interest, were awarded to Lunt through Fenwick as proxy.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Letters and pamphlets collected by Joseph Fenwick concerning legal cases and appeals related to his international trade issues involving Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company. Papers originally kept in document enclosure with name \"Fenwick\" on front suggesting these materials were collected together by Joseph Fenwick. One of the two handwritten letters is dated 1794 in Philadelphia, while the other is undated.","The papers include five printed legal appeal pamphlets, each found along the edge with string. Four of these concern a lengthy dispute between Fenwick and Jonathan Jones, a Quaker from Philadelphia living in Bordeaux, France, with one pamphlet including a duplicate manuscript version with handwritten annotations. The case involved Jones chartering a ship from Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company to move goods from French Indian Ocean colonies to France by way of the neutral America, which was viewed to be in violation of British trade provisions during the Napoleonic Wars, leading to the capture of the ship and its cargo, which was brought to Halifax, Canada. John Mason retrieved the goods from Canada and sold it at a loss, and the apportioning of this became the subject of years long legal proceedings detailed in these pamphlets. The collection's two handwritten letters are French translations of correspondence related to the Jones dispute and referenced in the one of the pamphlets, one dated December 4, 1794 in Philadelphia and addressed to Fenwick from John Mason and one dated May 24, 1794 in Georgetown from Mason to a colleague named Gabriac.","The fifth pamphlet concerns a different legal case involving the 1798 capture by the French of an American ship named \"The Union\" captained by Abel Lunt of Newburyport, Massachusetts. The pamphlet details that following legal appeals the value of the ship and cargo, plus interest, were awarded to Lunt through Fenwick as proxy."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_14aa3143d4760967fabd465728b68141\"\u003eLetters and pamphlets collected by Joseph Fenwick concerning legal cases and appeals related to his international trade issues involving Fenwick, Mason, \u0026amp; Company.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Letters and pamphlets collected by Joseph Fenwick concerning legal cases and appeals related to his international trade issues involving Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_cfd66f15e6b713f3605d91d08bfe8e3a\"\u003eR 73, C 2, S 4\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 73, C 2, S 4"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Mason, Fenwick and Company"],"names_coll_ssim":["Mason, Fenwick and Company","Lunt, Abel, 1769-1806","Mason, John, 1766-1849"],"persname_ssim":["Fenwick, Joseph, 1762-1849","Lunt, Abel, 1769-1806","Mason, John, 1766-1849"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Mason, Fenwick and Company","Fenwick, Joseph, 1762-1849","Lunt, Abel, 1769-1806","Mason, John, 1766-1849"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-07T00:01:26.121Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_775"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_668","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments, 1751/1754","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_668#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Caygill, John, circa 1708-1787","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_668#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Four letters written by John Caygill of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England to Josias Clapham of Hunting Creek, Fairfax County, Virginia between 1751-1754 regarding his role in receiving cargo shipments, primarily tobacco, from Clapham to be sold in England.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_668#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_668","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_668","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_668","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_668","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_668.xml","title_ssm":["Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments"],"title_tesim":["Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments"],"unitdate_ssm":["1751-1754"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1751-1754"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1751/1754"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments, 1751/1754"],"text":["Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments, 1751/1754","C0340","/repositories/2/resources/668","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern -- History","Yorkshire (England)","International trade","Tobacco","Tobacco industry -- Virginia","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single folder collection.","Kenny, Liz. 2018. \"Another Lost Mansion of Halifax: The Shay by David C. Glover.\" Skircoat Green Directory (blog). April 25, 2018. https://www.skircoatgreendirectory.co.uk/latest-news/another-lost-mansion-halifax-shay-david-c-glover/.","Robison, Debbie. 2003. \"Chestnut Hill.\" Northern Virginia History Notes. November 2003.\nhttp://www.novahistory.org/Chestnut_Hill.htm.","Salmon, Emily, and John Salmon. 2020. \"Tobacco in Colonial Virginia.\" Encyclopedia Virginia. December 7, 2020. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/tobacco-in-colonial-virginia/.","Williams, Harrison. 1938. Legends of Loudoun: An Account of the History and Homes of a Border County of Virginia's Northern Neck. Project Gutenberg. November 25, 2011. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/38130/38130-h/38130-h.htm.","Tobacco was one of Colonial Virginia's most successful crops, dating back to the 1600s, eventually forming the basis of the economy. While small planters often sold their crops locally through agents in exchange for manufactured goods, larger planters typically shipped their tobacco back to England. Once in England, a consignment agent sold the tobacco in exchange for a cut of the profits. John Caygill and Josias Clapham likely had such a consignment arrangement, with Clapham shipping his tobacco to England and Caygill, serving the consignment role, selling the goods on his behalf. While the 1750s saw a stabilization in the price of tobacco in England, much of the surrounding decades saw significant instability and fluctuations in the price due primarily to overproduction and a series of British wars causing a disruption in shipping.","John Caygill was born circa 1708 to John Caygill, the wealthiest merchant in Halifax, a small town in West Yorkshire, and his second wife Martha Stead. One of at least eight children, and one of the only to survive past infancy, the junior John Caygill also became one of the town's most prominent and influential citizens. During the Georgian era he contributed substantially to the building and creation of several prominent buildings and landmarks including The Shay mansion, two terraces of red brick houses later known as The Square, and The Piece Hall, which still stands today. Caygill married Jane Selwin and had one surviving child, a daughter also named Jane, but known as Jenny. He died on May 22, 1787 at the age of 79. His memorial can be seen in the northeast corner of Halifax Minister, the town's parish church.","Josias Clapham was descended from an ancient family of Yorkshire, England. His uncle, also named Josias Clapham, owned significant land in the Northern Neck area of Virginia at the time of his death circa 1740s. In his will, Clapham left a portion of this land, two hundred and forty-three acres, to his nephew, Josias. At the time, the younger Josias was living in Wakefield, Yorkshire and very much in debt, so in the hopes of changing his financial situation he emigrated to Virginia to assume residence and ownership of the land willed to him by his uncle. Over the course of his life, Josias became a notable figure in colonial Northern Virginia, including positions in local government, an operational interest in a profitable Potomac River ferry business, and several other ventures including a water mill, warehouse, and mercantile. Josias lived a long life, eventually deeding his estate located in present day Lucketts, Loudoun County, later known as Chestnut Hill, to his son Samuel, sometime before his death circa 1800.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on historic Virginia, including the Randolph H. Historical Virginia collection, Note from George Wyley to Daniel Clarke of Fairfax County, and Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia.","The Thomas Balch Library holds many records on Loudoun County and local Virginia history.","Four letters written by John Caygill of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England to Josias Clapham of Hunting Creek, Fairfax County, Virginia. Each letter covers a different year between 1751-1754 and are dated September 2, 1751, June 8, 1752, January 6, 1753, and February 8, 1754. No responses from Josias Clapham are included, but Caygill makes reference to the content of letters he received from Clapham. The letters all focus on Caygill's role in receiving cargo shipments, primarily tobacco, from Clapham to be sold in England, with much of the content centering on Caygill's frustration with Clapham's management.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Four letters written by John Caygill of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England to Josias Clapham of Hunting Creek, Fairfax County, Virginia between 1751-1754 regarding his role in receiving cargo shipments, primarily tobacco, from Clapham to be sold in England.","R 72, C 3, S 6","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Caygill, John, circa 1708-1787","Clapham, Josias","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments, 1751/1754"],"collection_ssim":["Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments, 1751/1754"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0340","/repositories/2/resources/668"],"unitid_tesim":["C0340","/repositories/2/resources/668"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern -- History","Yorkshire (England)"],"geogname_ssim":["Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern -- History","Yorkshire (England)"],"places_ssim":["Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern -- History","Yorkshire (England)"],"creator_ssm":["Caygill, John, circa 1708-1787"],"creator_ssim":["Caygill, John, circa 1708-1787"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Caygill, John, circa 1708-1787","Clapham, Josias"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Caygill, John, circa 1708-1787","Clapham, Josias","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Lynn Eaton from Jerry Showalter in July 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["International trade","Tobacco","Tobacco industry -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["International trade","Tobacco","Tobacco industry -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1751,1752,1753,1754],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single folder collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single folder collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKenny, Liz. 2018. \"Another Lost Mansion of Halifax: The Shay by David C. Glover.\" \u003ctitle\u003eSkircoat Green Directory (blog)\u003c/title\u003e. April 25, 2018. https://www.skircoatgreendirectory.co.uk/latest-news/another-lost-mansion-halifax-shay-david-c-glover/.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobison, Debbie. 2003. \"Chestnut Hill.\" Northern Virginia History Notes. November 2003.\nhttp://www.novahistory.org/Chestnut_Hill.htm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSalmon, Emily, and John Salmon. 2020. \"Tobacco in Colonial Virginia.\" \u003ctitle\u003eEncyclopedia Virginia\u003c/title\u003e. December 7, 2020. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/tobacco-in-colonial-virginia/.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliams, Harrison. 1938. \u003ctitle\u003eLegends of Loudoun: An Account of the History and Homes of a Border County of Virginia's Northern Neck\u003c/title\u003e. Project Gutenberg. November 25, 2011. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/38130/38130-h/38130-h.htm.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Kenny, Liz. 2018. \"Another Lost Mansion of Halifax: The Shay by David C. Glover.\" Skircoat Green Directory (blog). April 25, 2018. https://www.skircoatgreendirectory.co.uk/latest-news/another-lost-mansion-halifax-shay-david-c-glover/.","Robison, Debbie. 2003. \"Chestnut Hill.\" Northern Virginia History Notes. November 2003.\nhttp://www.novahistory.org/Chestnut_Hill.htm.","Salmon, Emily, and John Salmon. 2020. \"Tobacco in Colonial Virginia.\" Encyclopedia Virginia. December 7, 2020. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/tobacco-in-colonial-virginia/.","Williams, Harrison. 1938. Legends of Loudoun: An Account of the History and Homes of a Border County of Virginia's Northern Neck. Project Gutenberg. November 25, 2011. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/38130/38130-h/38130-h.htm."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTobacco was one of Colonial Virginia's most successful crops, dating back to the 1600s, eventually forming the basis of the economy. While small planters often sold their crops locally through agents in exchange for manufactured goods, larger planters typically shipped their tobacco back to England. Once in England, a consignment agent sold the tobacco in exchange for a cut of the profits. John Caygill and Josias Clapham likely had such a consignment arrangement, with Clapham shipping his tobacco to England and Caygill, serving the consignment role, selling the goods on his behalf. While the 1750s saw a stabilization in the price of tobacco in England, much of the surrounding decades saw significant instability and fluctuations in the price due primarily to overproduction and a series of British wars causing a disruption in shipping.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Caygill was born circa 1708 to John Caygill, the wealthiest merchant in Halifax, a small town in West Yorkshire, and his second wife Martha Stead. One of at least eight children, and one of the only to survive past infancy, the junior John Caygill also became one of the town's most prominent and influential citizens. During the Georgian era he contributed substantially to the building and creation of several prominent buildings and landmarks including The Shay mansion, two terraces of red brick houses later known as The Square, and The Piece Hall, which still stands today. Caygill married Jane Selwin and had one surviving child, a daughter also named Jane, but known as Jenny. He died on May 22, 1787 at the age of 79. His memorial can be seen in the northeast corner of Halifax Minister, the town's parish church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJosias Clapham was descended from an ancient family of Yorkshire, England. His uncle, also named Josias Clapham, owned significant land in the Northern Neck area of Virginia at the time of his death circa 1740s. In his will, Clapham left a portion of this land, two hundred and forty-three acres, to his nephew, Josias. At the time, the younger Josias was living in Wakefield, Yorkshire and very much in debt, so in the hopes of changing his financial situation he emigrated to Virginia to assume residence and ownership of the land willed to him by his uncle. Over the course of his life, Josias became a notable figure in colonial Northern Virginia, including positions in local government, an operational interest in a profitable Potomac River ferry business, and several other ventures including a water mill, warehouse, and mercantile. Josias lived a long life, eventually deeding his estate located in present day Lucketts, Loudoun County, later known as Chestnut Hill, to his son Samuel, sometime before his death circa 1800.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Tobacco was one of Colonial Virginia's most successful crops, dating back to the 1600s, eventually forming the basis of the economy. While small planters often sold their crops locally through agents in exchange for manufactured goods, larger planters typically shipped their tobacco back to England. Once in England, a consignment agent sold the tobacco in exchange for a cut of the profits. John Caygill and Josias Clapham likely had such a consignment arrangement, with Clapham shipping his tobacco to England and Caygill, serving the consignment role, selling the goods on his behalf. While the 1750s saw a stabilization in the price of tobacco in England, much of the surrounding decades saw significant instability and fluctuations in the price due primarily to overproduction and a series of British wars causing a disruption in shipping.","John Caygill was born circa 1708 to John Caygill, the wealthiest merchant in Halifax, a small town in West Yorkshire, and his second wife Martha Stead. One of at least eight children, and one of the only to survive past infancy, the junior John Caygill also became one of the town's most prominent and influential citizens. During the Georgian era he contributed substantially to the building and creation of several prominent buildings and landmarks including The Shay mansion, two terraces of red brick houses later known as The Square, and The Piece Hall, which still stands today. Caygill married Jane Selwin and had one surviving child, a daughter also named Jane, but known as Jenny. He died on May 22, 1787 at the age of 79. His memorial can be seen in the northeast corner of Halifax Minister, the town's parish church.","Josias Clapham was descended from an ancient family of Yorkshire, England. His uncle, also named Josias Clapham, owned significant land in the Northern Neck area of Virginia at the time of his death circa 1740s. In his will, Clapham left a portion of this land, two hundred and forty-three acres, to his nephew, Josias. At the time, the younger Josias was living in Wakefield, Yorkshire and very much in debt, so in the hopes of changing his financial situation he emigrated to Virginia to assume residence and ownership of the land willed to him by his uncle. Over the course of his life, Josias became a notable figure in colonial Northern Virginia, including positions in local government, an operational interest in a profitable Potomac River ferry business, and several other ventures including a water mill, warehouse, and mercantile. Josias lived a long life, eventually deeding his estate located in present day Lucketts, Loudoun County, later known as Chestnut Hill, to his son Samuel, sometime before his death circa 1800."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments, C0340, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments, C0340, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on historic Virginia, including the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0311\"\u003eRandolph H. Historical Virginia collection\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0350\"\u003eNote from George Wyley to Daniel Clarke of Fairfax County\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0357\"\u003eLetter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Thomas Balch Library holds many records on Loudoun County and local Virginia history.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on historic Virginia, including the Randolph H. Historical Virginia collection, Note from George Wyley to Daniel Clarke of Fairfax County, and Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia.","The Thomas Balch Library holds many records on Loudoun County and local Virginia history."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFour letters written by John Caygill of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England to Josias Clapham of Hunting Creek, Fairfax County, Virginia. Each letter covers a different year between 1751-1754 and are dated September 2, 1751, June 8, 1752, January 6, 1753, and February 8, 1754. No responses from Josias Clapham are included, but Caygill makes reference to the content of letters he received from Clapham. The letters all focus on Caygill's role in receiving cargo shipments, primarily tobacco, from Clapham to be sold in England, with much of the content centering on Caygill's frustration with Clapham's management.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Four letters written by John Caygill of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England to Josias Clapham of Hunting Creek, Fairfax County, Virginia. Each letter covers a different year between 1751-1754 and are dated September 2, 1751, June 8, 1752, January 6, 1753, and February 8, 1754. No responses from Josias Clapham are included, but Caygill makes reference to the content of letters he received from Clapham. The letters all focus on Caygill's role in receiving cargo shipments, primarily tobacco, from Clapham to be sold in England, with much of the content centering on Caygill's frustration with Clapham's management."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_43176c7a47b90368fed77c369b98ff8a\"\u003eFour letters written by John Caygill of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England to Josias Clapham of Hunting Creek, Fairfax County, Virginia between 1751-1754 regarding his role in receiving cargo shipments, primarily tobacco, from Clapham to be sold in England.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Four letters written by John Caygill of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England to Josias Clapham of Hunting Creek, Fairfax County, Virginia between 1751-1754 regarding his role in receiving cargo shipments, primarily tobacco, from Clapham to be sold in England."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_dbf3cedbecf849b40b0682a8d4b870c5\"\u003eR 72, C 3, S 6\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 72, C 3, S 6"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Caygill, John, circa 1708-1787","Clapham, Josias"],"names_coll_ssim":["Clapham, Josias"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Caygill, John, circa 1708-1787","Clapham, Josias"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:16.850Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_668","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_668","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_668","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_668","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_668.xml","title_ssm":["Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments"],"title_tesim":["Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments"],"unitdate_ssm":["1751-1754"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1751-1754"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1751/1754"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments, 1751/1754"],"text":["Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments, 1751/1754","C0340","/repositories/2/resources/668","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern -- History","Yorkshire (England)","International trade","Tobacco","Tobacco industry -- Virginia","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single folder collection.","Kenny, Liz. 2018. \"Another Lost Mansion of Halifax: The Shay by David C. Glover.\" Skircoat Green Directory (blog). April 25, 2018. https://www.skircoatgreendirectory.co.uk/latest-news/another-lost-mansion-halifax-shay-david-c-glover/.","Robison, Debbie. 2003. \"Chestnut Hill.\" Northern Virginia History Notes. November 2003.\nhttp://www.novahistory.org/Chestnut_Hill.htm.","Salmon, Emily, and John Salmon. 2020. \"Tobacco in Colonial Virginia.\" Encyclopedia Virginia. December 7, 2020. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/tobacco-in-colonial-virginia/.","Williams, Harrison. 1938. Legends of Loudoun: An Account of the History and Homes of a Border County of Virginia's Northern Neck. Project Gutenberg. November 25, 2011. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/38130/38130-h/38130-h.htm.","Tobacco was one of Colonial Virginia's most successful crops, dating back to the 1600s, eventually forming the basis of the economy. While small planters often sold their crops locally through agents in exchange for manufactured goods, larger planters typically shipped their tobacco back to England. Once in England, a consignment agent sold the tobacco in exchange for a cut of the profits. John Caygill and Josias Clapham likely had such a consignment arrangement, with Clapham shipping his tobacco to England and Caygill, serving the consignment role, selling the goods on his behalf. While the 1750s saw a stabilization in the price of tobacco in England, much of the surrounding decades saw significant instability and fluctuations in the price due primarily to overproduction and a series of British wars causing a disruption in shipping.","John Caygill was born circa 1708 to John Caygill, the wealthiest merchant in Halifax, a small town in West Yorkshire, and his second wife Martha Stead. One of at least eight children, and one of the only to survive past infancy, the junior John Caygill also became one of the town's most prominent and influential citizens. During the Georgian era he contributed substantially to the building and creation of several prominent buildings and landmarks including The Shay mansion, two terraces of red brick houses later known as The Square, and The Piece Hall, which still stands today. Caygill married Jane Selwin and had one surviving child, a daughter also named Jane, but known as Jenny. He died on May 22, 1787 at the age of 79. His memorial can be seen in the northeast corner of Halifax Minister, the town's parish church.","Josias Clapham was descended from an ancient family of Yorkshire, England. His uncle, also named Josias Clapham, owned significant land in the Northern Neck area of Virginia at the time of his death circa 1740s. In his will, Clapham left a portion of this land, two hundred and forty-three acres, to his nephew, Josias. At the time, the younger Josias was living in Wakefield, Yorkshire and very much in debt, so in the hopes of changing his financial situation he emigrated to Virginia to assume residence and ownership of the land willed to him by his uncle. Over the course of his life, Josias became a notable figure in colonial Northern Virginia, including positions in local government, an operational interest in a profitable Potomac River ferry business, and several other ventures including a water mill, warehouse, and mercantile. Josias lived a long life, eventually deeding his estate located in present day Lucketts, Loudoun County, later known as Chestnut Hill, to his son Samuel, sometime before his death circa 1800.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on historic Virginia, including the Randolph H. Historical Virginia collection, Note from George Wyley to Daniel Clarke of Fairfax County, and Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia.","The Thomas Balch Library holds many records on Loudoun County and local Virginia history.","Four letters written by John Caygill of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England to Josias Clapham of Hunting Creek, Fairfax County, Virginia. Each letter covers a different year between 1751-1754 and are dated September 2, 1751, June 8, 1752, January 6, 1753, and February 8, 1754. No responses from Josias Clapham are included, but Caygill makes reference to the content of letters he received from Clapham. The letters all focus on Caygill's role in receiving cargo shipments, primarily tobacco, from Clapham to be sold in England, with much of the content centering on Caygill's frustration with Clapham's management.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Four letters written by John Caygill of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England to Josias Clapham of Hunting Creek, Fairfax County, Virginia between 1751-1754 regarding his role in receiving cargo shipments, primarily tobacco, from Clapham to be sold in England.","R 72, C 3, S 6","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Caygill, John, circa 1708-1787","Clapham, Josias","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments, 1751/1754"],"collection_ssim":["Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments, 1751/1754"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0340","/repositories/2/resources/668"],"unitid_tesim":["C0340","/repositories/2/resources/668"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern -- History","Yorkshire (England)"],"geogname_ssim":["Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern -- History","Yorkshire (England)"],"places_ssim":["Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern -- History","Yorkshire (England)"],"creator_ssm":["Caygill, John, circa 1708-1787"],"creator_ssim":["Caygill, John, circa 1708-1787"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Caygill, John, circa 1708-1787","Clapham, Josias"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Caygill, John, circa 1708-1787","Clapham, Josias","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Lynn Eaton from Jerry Showalter in July 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["International trade","Tobacco","Tobacco industry -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["International trade","Tobacco","Tobacco industry -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1751,1752,1753,1754],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single folder collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single folder collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKenny, Liz. 2018. \"Another Lost Mansion of Halifax: The Shay by David C. Glover.\" \u003ctitle\u003eSkircoat Green Directory (blog)\u003c/title\u003e. April 25, 2018. https://www.skircoatgreendirectory.co.uk/latest-news/another-lost-mansion-halifax-shay-david-c-glover/.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobison, Debbie. 2003. \"Chestnut Hill.\" Northern Virginia History Notes. November 2003.\nhttp://www.novahistory.org/Chestnut_Hill.htm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSalmon, Emily, and John Salmon. 2020. \"Tobacco in Colonial Virginia.\" \u003ctitle\u003eEncyclopedia Virginia\u003c/title\u003e. December 7, 2020. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/tobacco-in-colonial-virginia/.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliams, Harrison. 1938. \u003ctitle\u003eLegends of Loudoun: An Account of the History and Homes of a Border County of Virginia's Northern Neck\u003c/title\u003e. Project Gutenberg. November 25, 2011. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/38130/38130-h/38130-h.htm.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Kenny, Liz. 2018. \"Another Lost Mansion of Halifax: The Shay by David C. Glover.\" Skircoat Green Directory (blog). April 25, 2018. https://www.skircoatgreendirectory.co.uk/latest-news/another-lost-mansion-halifax-shay-david-c-glover/.","Robison, Debbie. 2003. \"Chestnut Hill.\" Northern Virginia History Notes. November 2003.\nhttp://www.novahistory.org/Chestnut_Hill.htm.","Salmon, Emily, and John Salmon. 2020. \"Tobacco in Colonial Virginia.\" Encyclopedia Virginia. December 7, 2020. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/tobacco-in-colonial-virginia/.","Williams, Harrison. 1938. Legends of Loudoun: An Account of the History and Homes of a Border County of Virginia's Northern Neck. Project Gutenberg. November 25, 2011. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/38130/38130-h/38130-h.htm."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTobacco was one of Colonial Virginia's most successful crops, dating back to the 1600s, eventually forming the basis of the economy. While small planters often sold their crops locally through agents in exchange for manufactured goods, larger planters typically shipped their tobacco back to England. Once in England, a consignment agent sold the tobacco in exchange for a cut of the profits. John Caygill and Josias Clapham likely had such a consignment arrangement, with Clapham shipping his tobacco to England and Caygill, serving the consignment role, selling the goods on his behalf. While the 1750s saw a stabilization in the price of tobacco in England, much of the surrounding decades saw significant instability and fluctuations in the price due primarily to overproduction and a series of British wars causing a disruption in shipping.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Caygill was born circa 1708 to John Caygill, the wealthiest merchant in Halifax, a small town in West Yorkshire, and his second wife Martha Stead. One of at least eight children, and one of the only to survive past infancy, the junior John Caygill also became one of the town's most prominent and influential citizens. During the Georgian era he contributed substantially to the building and creation of several prominent buildings and landmarks including The Shay mansion, two terraces of red brick houses later known as The Square, and The Piece Hall, which still stands today. Caygill married Jane Selwin and had one surviving child, a daughter also named Jane, but known as Jenny. He died on May 22, 1787 at the age of 79. His memorial can be seen in the northeast corner of Halifax Minister, the town's parish church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJosias Clapham was descended from an ancient family of Yorkshire, England. His uncle, also named Josias Clapham, owned significant land in the Northern Neck area of Virginia at the time of his death circa 1740s. In his will, Clapham left a portion of this land, two hundred and forty-three acres, to his nephew, Josias. At the time, the younger Josias was living in Wakefield, Yorkshire and very much in debt, so in the hopes of changing his financial situation he emigrated to Virginia to assume residence and ownership of the land willed to him by his uncle. Over the course of his life, Josias became a notable figure in colonial Northern Virginia, including positions in local government, an operational interest in a profitable Potomac River ferry business, and several other ventures including a water mill, warehouse, and mercantile. Josias lived a long life, eventually deeding his estate located in present day Lucketts, Loudoun County, later known as Chestnut Hill, to his son Samuel, sometime before his death circa 1800.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Tobacco was one of Colonial Virginia's most successful crops, dating back to the 1600s, eventually forming the basis of the economy. While small planters often sold their crops locally through agents in exchange for manufactured goods, larger planters typically shipped their tobacco back to England. Once in England, a consignment agent sold the tobacco in exchange for a cut of the profits. John Caygill and Josias Clapham likely had such a consignment arrangement, with Clapham shipping his tobacco to England and Caygill, serving the consignment role, selling the goods on his behalf. While the 1750s saw a stabilization in the price of tobacco in England, much of the surrounding decades saw significant instability and fluctuations in the price due primarily to overproduction and a series of British wars causing a disruption in shipping.","John Caygill was born circa 1708 to John Caygill, the wealthiest merchant in Halifax, a small town in West Yorkshire, and his second wife Martha Stead. One of at least eight children, and one of the only to survive past infancy, the junior John Caygill also became one of the town's most prominent and influential citizens. During the Georgian era he contributed substantially to the building and creation of several prominent buildings and landmarks including The Shay mansion, two terraces of red brick houses later known as The Square, and The Piece Hall, which still stands today. Caygill married Jane Selwin and had one surviving child, a daughter also named Jane, but known as Jenny. He died on May 22, 1787 at the age of 79. His memorial can be seen in the northeast corner of Halifax Minister, the town's parish church.","Josias Clapham was descended from an ancient family of Yorkshire, England. His uncle, also named Josias Clapham, owned significant land in the Northern Neck area of Virginia at the time of his death circa 1740s. In his will, Clapham left a portion of this land, two hundred and forty-three acres, to his nephew, Josias. At the time, the younger Josias was living in Wakefield, Yorkshire and very much in debt, so in the hopes of changing his financial situation he emigrated to Virginia to assume residence and ownership of the land willed to him by his uncle. Over the course of his life, Josias became a notable figure in colonial Northern Virginia, including positions in local government, an operational interest in a profitable Potomac River ferry business, and several other ventures including a water mill, warehouse, and mercantile. Josias lived a long life, eventually deeding his estate located in present day Lucketts, Loudoun County, later known as Chestnut Hill, to his son Samuel, sometime before his death circa 1800."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments, C0340, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments, C0340, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on historic Virginia, including the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0311\"\u003eRandolph H. Historical Virginia collection\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0350\"\u003eNote from George Wyley to Daniel Clarke of Fairfax County\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0357\"\u003eLetter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Thomas Balch Library holds many records on Loudoun County and local Virginia history.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on historic Virginia, including the Randolph H. Historical Virginia collection, Note from George Wyley to Daniel Clarke of Fairfax County, and Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia.","The Thomas Balch Library holds many records on Loudoun County and local Virginia history."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFour letters written by John Caygill of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England to Josias Clapham of Hunting Creek, Fairfax County, Virginia. Each letter covers a different year between 1751-1754 and are dated September 2, 1751, June 8, 1752, January 6, 1753, and February 8, 1754. No responses from Josias Clapham are included, but Caygill makes reference to the content of letters he received from Clapham. The letters all focus on Caygill's role in receiving cargo shipments, primarily tobacco, from Clapham to be sold in England, with much of the content centering on Caygill's frustration with Clapham's management.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Four letters written by John Caygill of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England to Josias Clapham of Hunting Creek, Fairfax County, Virginia. Each letter covers a different year between 1751-1754 and are dated September 2, 1751, June 8, 1752, January 6, 1753, and February 8, 1754. No responses from Josias Clapham are included, but Caygill makes reference to the content of letters he received from Clapham. The letters all focus on Caygill's role in receiving cargo shipments, primarily tobacco, from Clapham to be sold in England, with much of the content centering on Caygill's frustration with Clapham's management."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. 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