{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Industries+--+Shenandoah+River+Valley+%28Va.+and+W.+Va.%29+--+Sources","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Industries+--+Shenandoah+River+Valley+%28Va.+and+W.+Va.%29+--+Sources\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":5,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_591","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_591#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Oakes, Laura","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_591#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Collection is an oral history project comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of interviews conducted in July 1990 by Laura Oakes with former and current employees of the Merck and Co., Inc. pharmaceutical manufacturing plant located in Elkton, Virginia, known as the Stonewall Plant.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_591#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_591","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_591","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_591","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_591","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_591.xml","title_ssm":["Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection"],"title_tesim":["Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1990"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SdArch 0003","/repositories/4/resources/591"],"text":["SdArch 0003","/repositories/4/resources/591","Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. 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Please contact Special Collections staff at  library-special@jmu.edu  before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","A bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title,  Drugs in the Valley : fifty years of Merck and Co., Inc., 1941-1991. Part of an oral history project .","Oral history interviews that make up this collection were conducted in July 1990 by JMU undergraduate student Laura Oakes, as part of an oral history summer internship in Special Collections. The background paper and the three interviews in this collection formed the basis for the bachelor honors thesis titled  Drugs in the Valley: the history of the Stonewall Plant of Merck and Company, Inc., 1941-1991 , as well as the monograph titled  Stonewall: the realization of a vision, 1941-1991 , both published in 1991 and authored by Oakes. 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As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.","In 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description.","This collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in July 1990 with individuals who had worked at the Merck and Co., Inc. pharmaceutical manufacturing plant located in Elkton, Virginia known as the Stonewall Plant.","The background paper provides contextual information around the genesis of the oral history project and outlines the project purpose as intending to record the experiences of plant employees to understand the impact of Elkton, Virginia plant operations on individuals and communities in the Shenandoah Valley and beyond. The background paper includes a brief chronological history of the growth and development of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck and Co., Inc. with focus on the history of the Stonewall Plant.","Interviews in this collection record the recollections of three individuals who worked at the Stonewall plant in different capacities, and who were selected for participation in the project to reflect a variety of viewpoints. A summary of each interview is included in a scope and contents note for each individual interview.","Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. 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As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.","In 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in July 1990 with individuals who had worked at the Merck and Co., Inc. pharmaceutical manufacturing plant located in Elkton, Virginia known as the Stonewall Plant.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe background paper provides contextual information around the genesis of the oral history project and outlines the project purpose as intending to record the experiences of plant employees to understand the impact of Elkton, Virginia plant operations on individuals and communities in the Shenandoah Valley and beyond. 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The background paper includes a brief chronological history of the growth and development of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck and Co., Inc. with focus on the history of the Stonewall Plant.","Interviews in this collection record the recollections of three individuals who worked at the Stonewall plant in different capacities, and who were selected for participation in the project to reflect a variety of viewpoints. A summary of each interview is included in a scope and contents note for each individual interview."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_89725098e80501a234003dc98e2ab1c8\"\u003eCollection is an oral history project comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of interviews conducted in July 1990 by Laura Oakes with former and current employees of the Merck and Co., Inc. pharmaceutical manufacturing plant located in Elkton, Virginia, known as the Stonewall Plant.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Collection is an oral history project comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of interviews conducted in July 1990 by Laura Oakes with former and current employees of the Merck and Co., Inc. pharmaceutical manufacturing plant located in Elkton, Virginia, known as the Stonewall Plant."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Oakes, Laura","Reeke, George Elliott, 1917-2001"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Oakes, Laura"],"persname_ssim":["Oakes, Laura","Reeke, George Elliott, 1917-2001"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":12,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:58:37.387Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_591","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_591","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_591","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_591","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_591.xml","title_ssm":["Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection"],"title_tesim":["Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1990"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SdArch 0003","/repositories/4/resources/591"],"text":["SdArch 0003","/repositories/4/resources/591","Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. 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Please contact Special Collections staff at  library-special@jmu.edu  before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","A bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title,  Drugs in the Valley : fifty years of Merck and Co., Inc., 1941-1991. Part of an oral history project .","Oral history interviews that make up this collection were conducted in July 1990 by JMU undergraduate student Laura Oakes, as part of an oral history summer internship in Special Collections. The background paper and the three interviews in this collection formed the basis for the bachelor honors thesis titled  Drugs in the Valley: the history of the Stonewall Plant of Merck and Company, Inc., 1941-1991 , as well as the monograph titled  Stonewall: the realization of a vision, 1941-1991 , both published in 1991 and authored by Oakes. Copies of both of these related titles form part of Special Collections' rare book holdings.","In 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.","In 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. 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The background paper includes a brief chronological history of the growth and development of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck and Co., Inc. with focus on the history of the Stonewall Plant.","Interviews in this collection record the recollections of three individuals who worked at the Stonewall plant in different capacities, and who were selected for participation in the project to reflect a variety of viewpoints. A summary of each interview is included in a scope and contents note for each individual interview.","Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. 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Part of an oral history project\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["A bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title,  Drugs in the Valley : fifty years of Merck and Co., Inc., 1941-1991. Part of an oral history project ."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOral history interviews that make up this collection were conducted in July 1990 by JMU undergraduate student Laura Oakes, as part of an oral history summer internship in Special Collections. The background paper and the three interviews in this collection formed the basis for the bachelor honors thesis titled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDrugs in the Valley: the history of the Stonewall Plant of Merck and Company, Inc., 1941-1991\u003c/emph\u003e, as well as the monograph titled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eStonewall: the realization of a vision, 1941-1991\u003c/emph\u003e, both published in 1991 and authored by Oakes. Copies of both of these related titles form part of Special Collections' rare book holdings.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Oral history interviews that make up this collection were conducted in July 1990 by JMU undergraduate student Laura Oakes, as part of an oral history summer internship in Special Collections. The background paper and the three interviews in this collection formed the basis for the bachelor honors thesis titled  Drugs in the Valley: the history of the Stonewall Plant of Merck and Company, Inc., 1941-1991 , as well as the monograph titled  Stonewall: the realization of a vision, 1941-1991 , both published in 1991 and authored by Oakes. Copies of both of these related titles form part of Special Collections' rare book holdings."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item/interview], [date of item/interview], Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection, SdArch 0003, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item/interview], [date of item/interview], Drugs in the valley: fifty years of Merck and Co. oral history collection, SdArch 0003, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.","In 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.","In 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in July 1990 with individuals who had worked at the Merck and Co., Inc. pharmaceutical manufacturing plant located in Elkton, Virginia known as the Stonewall Plant.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe background paper provides contextual information around the genesis of the oral history project and outlines the project purpose as intending to record the experiences of plant employees to understand the impact of Elkton, Virginia plant operations on individuals and communities in the Shenandoah Valley and beyond. The background paper includes a brief chronological history of the growth and development of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck and Co., Inc. with focus on the history of the Stonewall Plant.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eInterviews in this collection record the recollections of three individuals who worked at the Stonewall plant in different capacities, and who were selected for participation in the project to reflect a variety of viewpoints. A summary of each interview is included in a scope and contents note for each individual interview.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in July 1990 with individuals who had worked at the Merck and Co., Inc. pharmaceutical manufacturing plant located in Elkton, Virginia known as the Stonewall Plant.","The background paper provides contextual information around the genesis of the oral history project and outlines the project purpose as intending to record the experiences of plant employees to understand the impact of Elkton, Virginia plant operations on individuals and communities in the Shenandoah Valley and beyond. The background paper includes a brief chronological history of the growth and development of the pharmaceutical corporation, Merck and Co., Inc. with focus on the history of the Stonewall Plant.","Interviews in this collection record the recollections of three individuals who worked at the Stonewall plant in different capacities, and who were selected for participation in the project to reflect a variety of viewpoints. A summary of each interview is included in a scope and contents note for each individual interview."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_89725098e80501a234003dc98e2ab1c8\"\u003eCollection is an oral history project comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of interviews conducted in July 1990 by Laura Oakes with former and current employees of the Merck and Co., Inc. pharmaceutical manufacturing plant located in Elkton, Virginia, known as the Stonewall Plant.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Collection is an oral history project comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of interviews conducted in July 1990 by Laura Oakes with former and current employees of the Merck and Co., Inc. pharmaceutical manufacturing plant located in Elkton, Virginia, known as the Stonewall Plant."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Oakes, Laura","Reeke, George Elliott, 1917-2001"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Oakes, Laura"],"persname_ssim":["Oakes, Laura","Reeke, George Elliott, 1917-2001"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":12,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:58:37.387Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_591"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_308","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Iron Foundry Ledger","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_308#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_308#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797 - 1798, consists of one photocopied ledger from an iron foundry or related iron business, possibly Pine Forge, in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, with lists of items sold such as bar iron, provisions, sundries, and horse provender.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_308#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_308","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_308","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_308","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_308","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_308.xml","title_ssm":["Iron Foundry Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Iron Foundry Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1797-1798"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1797-1798"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0165","/repositories/4/resources/308"],"text":["SC 0165","/repositories/4/resources/308","Iron Foundry Ledger","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- Accounting","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- History -- 18th century","Iron industry and trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History -- 18th century","Industries -- Virginia -- New Market","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Business records","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The ledger is arranged in five folders.","Wayland, John W.  A History of Shenandoah County, Virginia . 2nd ed. Baltimore: Regional Publishing Company, 1980, pg. 553.","According to notes from the donor the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870 and the original leather bound ledger had the name and date of Benjamin Garber, 1870 inscribed on the front cover along with the letters \"LD.\" The back of the ledger contained the letters \"IXO\" along with the date 1848. Notes from the donor also suggest that the ledger may originated from the Pine Forge iron foundry once located along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia and operated by the Pennybacker family. The ledger contains accounts for D. Pennybacker and also Pine Forge, and the handwriting within the ledger is identical to that of an earlier Pine Forge Ledger, contained in the Don C. Miller Collection. According to donor notes, the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870.","The account for D. Pennybacker is most likely Dirck Pennyback, 1737 - 1799, who came to the Shenandoah Valley in 1781 and built Redwell Furnace along Hawksbill Creek near Luray, Virginia. Around 1785 he also established an iron-working business called Pine Forge along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia. Dirck Pennybacker operated Pine Forge with his son Benjamin--also represented in the ledger--until Dirck died in 1799, at which point Benjamin continued operations until the early 19th century when ownership changed. Pine Forge was an extensive and successful operation and was well known throughout the county.","Original ledger retained by the donor.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4036 .","The Iron Foundry Ledger consists of one photocopied ledger dated from 1797 – 1798. Names of customers, including Dirck Pennybacker, Benjamin Pennybacker, and Pine Forge, along with the abbreviation \"Dr.\" used to indicated debtor, and \"Contra\" to indicate payment or credit received, are listed throughout the ledger along with amounts due or paid. Items listed include bar iron, general charge, provision, sundries, horse provender, cash, and bonds \u0026 notes. Other content within the ledgers includes writing of popular quotes, letters of the alphabet, small drawings, and the signature of Benjamin Garber written in the margins and around the ledger text.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797 - 1798, consists of one photocopied ledger from an iron foundry or related iron business, possibly Pine Forge, in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, with lists of items sold such as bar iron, provisions, sundries, and horse provender.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0165","/repositories/4/resources/308"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Iron Foundry Ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["Iron Foundry Ledger"],"collection_ssim":["Iron Foundry Ledger"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"creator_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"creators_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The photocopied ledger was donated by Clarence Geier who had acquired the copy of the ledger from Dale McAllister of Singers Glen, Virginia in 2001. It was previously obtained from members of the Garber family of Shenandoah County, Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Iron foundries -- Virginia -- Accounting","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- History -- 18th century","Iron industry and trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History -- 18th century","Industries -- Virginia -- New Market","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Iron foundries -- Virginia -- Accounting","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- History -- 18th century","Iron industry and trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History -- 18th century","Industries -- Virginia -- New Market","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 cubic feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 cubic feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"date_range_isim":[1797,1798],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe ledger is arranged in five folders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The ledger is arranged in five folders."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eWayland, John W. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA History of Shenandoah County, Virginia\u003c/emph\u003e. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Regional Publishing Company, 1980, pg. 553.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Wayland, John W.  A History of Shenandoah County, Virginia . 2nd ed. Baltimore: Regional Publishing Company, 1980, pg. 553."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccording to notes from the donor the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870 and the original leather bound ledger had the name and date of Benjamin Garber, 1870 inscribed on the front cover along with the letters \"LD.\" The back of the ledger contained the letters \"IXO\" along with the date 1848. Notes from the donor also suggest that the ledger may originated from the Pine Forge iron foundry once located along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia and operated by the Pennybacker family. The ledger contains accounts for D. Pennybacker and also Pine Forge, and the handwriting within the ledger is identical to that of an earlier Pine Forge Ledger, contained in the Don C. Miller Collection. According to donor notes, the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe account for D. Pennybacker is most likely Dirck Pennyback, 1737 - 1799, who came to the Shenandoah Valley in 1781 and built Redwell Furnace along Hawksbill Creek near Luray, Virginia. Around 1785 he also established an iron-working business called Pine Forge along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia. Dirck Pennybacker operated Pine Forge with his son Benjamin--also represented in the ledger--until Dirck died in 1799, at which point Benjamin continued operations until the early 19th century when ownership changed. Pine Forge was an extensive and successful operation and was well known throughout the county.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["According to notes from the donor the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870 and the original leather bound ledger had the name and date of Benjamin Garber, 1870 inscribed on the front cover along with the letters \"LD.\" The back of the ledger contained the letters \"IXO\" along with the date 1848. Notes from the donor also suggest that the ledger may originated from the Pine Forge iron foundry once located along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia and operated by the Pennybacker family. The ledger contains accounts for D. Pennybacker and also Pine Forge, and the handwriting within the ledger is identical to that of an earlier Pine Forge Ledger, contained in the Don C. Miller Collection. According to donor notes, the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870.","The account for D. Pennybacker is most likely Dirck Pennyback, 1737 - 1799, who came to the Shenandoah Valley in 1781 and built Redwell Furnace along Hawksbill Creek near Luray, Virginia. Around 1785 he also established an iron-working business called Pine Forge along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia. Dirck Pennybacker operated Pine Forge with his son Benjamin--also represented in the ledger--until Dirck died in 1799, at which point Benjamin continued operations until the early 19th century when ownership changed. Pine Forge was an extensive and successful operation and was well known throughout the county."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal ledger retained by the donor.\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["Original ledger retained by the donor."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797-1798, SC 0165, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797-1798, SC 0165, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 4036\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4036 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Iron Foundry Ledger consists of one photocopied ledger dated from 1797 – 1798. Names of customers, including Dirck Pennybacker, Benjamin Pennybacker, and Pine Forge, along with the abbreviation \"Dr.\" used to indicated debtor, and \"Contra\" to indicate payment or credit received, are listed throughout the ledger along with amounts due or paid. Items listed include bar iron, general charge, provision, sundries, horse provender, cash, and bonds \u0026amp; notes. Other content within the ledgers includes writing of popular quotes, letters of the alphabet, small drawings, and the signature of Benjamin Garber written in the margins and around the ledger text.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Iron Foundry Ledger consists of one photocopied ledger dated from 1797 – 1798. Names of customers, including Dirck Pennybacker, Benjamin Pennybacker, and Pine Forge, along with the abbreviation \"Dr.\" used to indicated debtor, and \"Contra\" to indicate payment or credit received, are listed throughout the ledger along with amounts due or paid. Items listed include bar iron, general charge, provision, sundries, horse provender, cash, and bonds \u0026 notes. Other content within the ledgers includes writing of popular quotes, letters of the alphabet, small drawings, and the signature of Benjamin Garber written in the margins and around the ledger text."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_68afca43f7b5cff8cefced0c30a7185a\"\u003eThe Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797 - 1798, consists of one photocopied ledger from an iron foundry or related iron business, possibly Pine Forge, in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, with lists of items sold such as bar iron, provisions, sundries, and horse provender.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797 - 1798, consists of one photocopied ledger from an iron foundry or related iron business, possibly Pine Forge, in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, with lists of items sold such as bar iron, provisions, sundries, and horse provender."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:58:53.073Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_308","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_308","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_308","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_308","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_308.xml","title_ssm":["Iron Foundry Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Iron Foundry Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1797-1798"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1797-1798"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0165","/repositories/4/resources/308"],"text":["SC 0165","/repositories/4/resources/308","Iron Foundry Ledger","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- Accounting","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- History -- 18th century","Iron industry and trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History -- 18th century","Industries -- Virginia -- New Market","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Business records","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The ledger is arranged in five folders.","Wayland, John W.  A History of Shenandoah County, Virginia . 2nd ed. Baltimore: Regional Publishing Company, 1980, pg. 553.","According to notes from the donor the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870 and the original leather bound ledger had the name and date of Benjamin Garber, 1870 inscribed on the front cover along with the letters \"LD.\" The back of the ledger contained the letters \"IXO\" along with the date 1848. Notes from the donor also suggest that the ledger may originated from the Pine Forge iron foundry once located along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia and operated by the Pennybacker family. The ledger contains accounts for D. Pennybacker and also Pine Forge, and the handwriting within the ledger is identical to that of an earlier Pine Forge Ledger, contained in the Don C. Miller Collection. According to donor notes, the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870.","The account for D. Pennybacker is most likely Dirck Pennyback, 1737 - 1799, who came to the Shenandoah Valley in 1781 and built Redwell Furnace along Hawksbill Creek near Luray, Virginia. Around 1785 he also established an iron-working business called Pine Forge along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia. Dirck Pennybacker operated Pine Forge with his son Benjamin--also represented in the ledger--until Dirck died in 1799, at which point Benjamin continued operations until the early 19th century when ownership changed. Pine Forge was an extensive and successful operation and was well known throughout the county.","Original ledger retained by the donor.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4036 .","The Iron Foundry Ledger consists of one photocopied ledger dated from 1797 – 1798. Names of customers, including Dirck Pennybacker, Benjamin Pennybacker, and Pine Forge, along with the abbreviation \"Dr.\" used to indicated debtor, and \"Contra\" to indicate payment or credit received, are listed throughout the ledger along with amounts due or paid. Items listed include bar iron, general charge, provision, sundries, horse provender, cash, and bonds \u0026 notes. Other content within the ledgers includes writing of popular quotes, letters of the alphabet, small drawings, and the signature of Benjamin Garber written in the margins and around the ledger text.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797 - 1798, consists of one photocopied ledger from an iron foundry or related iron business, possibly Pine Forge, in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, with lists of items sold such as bar iron, provisions, sundries, and horse provender.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0165","/repositories/4/resources/308"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Iron Foundry Ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["Iron Foundry Ledger"],"collection_ssim":["Iron Foundry Ledger"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"creator_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"creators_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The photocopied ledger was donated by Clarence Geier who had acquired the copy of the ledger from Dale McAllister of Singers Glen, Virginia in 2001. It was previously obtained from members of the Garber family of Shenandoah County, Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Iron foundries -- Virginia -- Accounting","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- History -- 18th century","Iron industry and trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History -- 18th century","Industries -- Virginia -- New Market","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Iron foundries -- Virginia -- Accounting","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- History -- 18th century","Iron industry and trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History -- 18th century","Industries -- Virginia -- New Market","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 cubic feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 cubic feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"date_range_isim":[1797,1798],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe ledger is arranged in five folders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The ledger is arranged in five folders."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eWayland, John W. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA History of Shenandoah County, Virginia\u003c/emph\u003e. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Regional Publishing Company, 1980, pg. 553.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Wayland, John W.  A History of Shenandoah County, Virginia . 2nd ed. Baltimore: Regional Publishing Company, 1980, pg. 553."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccording to notes from the donor the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870 and the original leather bound ledger had the name and date of Benjamin Garber, 1870 inscribed on the front cover along with the letters \"LD.\" The back of the ledger contained the letters \"IXO\" along with the date 1848. Notes from the donor also suggest that the ledger may originated from the Pine Forge iron foundry once located along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia and operated by the Pennybacker family. The ledger contains accounts for D. Pennybacker and also Pine Forge, and the handwriting within the ledger is identical to that of an earlier Pine Forge Ledger, contained in the Don C. Miller Collection. According to donor notes, the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe account for D. Pennybacker is most likely Dirck Pennyback, 1737 - 1799, who came to the Shenandoah Valley in 1781 and built Redwell Furnace along Hawksbill Creek near Luray, Virginia. Around 1785 he also established an iron-working business called Pine Forge along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia. Dirck Pennybacker operated Pine Forge with his son Benjamin--also represented in the ledger--until Dirck died in 1799, at which point Benjamin continued operations until the early 19th century when ownership changed. Pine Forge was an extensive and successful operation and was well known throughout the county.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["According to notes from the donor the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870 and the original leather bound ledger had the name and date of Benjamin Garber, 1870 inscribed on the front cover along with the letters \"LD.\" The back of the ledger contained the letters \"IXO\" along with the date 1848. Notes from the donor also suggest that the ledger may originated from the Pine Forge iron foundry once located along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia and operated by the Pennybacker family. The ledger contains accounts for D. Pennybacker and also Pine Forge, and the handwriting within the ledger is identical to that of an earlier Pine Forge Ledger, contained in the Don C. Miller Collection. According to donor notes, the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870.","The account for D. Pennybacker is most likely Dirck Pennyback, 1737 - 1799, who came to the Shenandoah Valley in 1781 and built Redwell Furnace along Hawksbill Creek near Luray, Virginia. Around 1785 he also established an iron-working business called Pine Forge along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia. Dirck Pennybacker operated Pine Forge with his son Benjamin--also represented in the ledger--until Dirck died in 1799, at which point Benjamin continued operations until the early 19th century when ownership changed. Pine Forge was an extensive and successful operation and was well known throughout the county."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal ledger retained by the donor.\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["Original ledger retained by the donor."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797-1798, SC 0165, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797-1798, SC 0165, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 4036\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4036 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Iron Foundry Ledger consists of one photocopied ledger dated from 1797 – 1798. Names of customers, including Dirck Pennybacker, Benjamin Pennybacker, and Pine Forge, along with the abbreviation \"Dr.\" used to indicated debtor, and \"Contra\" to indicate payment or credit received, are listed throughout the ledger along with amounts due or paid. Items listed include bar iron, general charge, provision, sundries, horse provender, cash, and bonds \u0026amp; notes. Other content within the ledgers includes writing of popular quotes, letters of the alphabet, small drawings, and the signature of Benjamin Garber written in the margins and around the ledger text.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Iron Foundry Ledger consists of one photocopied ledger dated from 1797 – 1798. Names of customers, including Dirck Pennybacker, Benjamin Pennybacker, and Pine Forge, along with the abbreviation \"Dr.\" used to indicated debtor, and \"Contra\" to indicate payment or credit received, are listed throughout the ledger along with amounts due or paid. Items listed include bar iron, general charge, provision, sundries, horse provender, cash, and bonds \u0026 notes. Other content within the ledgers includes writing of popular quotes, letters of the alphabet, small drawings, and the signature of Benjamin Garber written in the margins and around the ledger text."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_68afca43f7b5cff8cefced0c30a7185a\"\u003eThe Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797 - 1798, consists of one photocopied ledger from an iron foundry or related iron business, possibly Pine Forge, in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, with lists of items sold such as bar iron, provisions, sundries, and horse provender.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797 - 1798, consists of one photocopied ledger from an iron foundry or related iron business, possibly Pine Forge, in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, with lists of items sold such as bar iron, provisions, sundries, and horse provender."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:58:53.073Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_308"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_265","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Lumber Ledgers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_265#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_265#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Two ledgers likely documenting a sawmill or lumber operation in western Virginia or Pendleton County, West Virginia. The surnames present in the ledgers also indicate a potential connection to Pennsylvania.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_265#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_265","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_265","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_265","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_265","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_265.xml","title_ssm":["Lumber Ledgers"],"title_tesim":["Lumber Ledgers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1883-1890"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1883-1890"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0110","/repositories/4/resources/265"],"text":["SC 0110","/repositories/4/resources/265","Lumber Ledgers","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Pendleton County (W. Va.) -- History","Account books -- Sources","Business records -- Sources","Sawmills -- Accounting -- Sources","Sawmills -- Economic aspects -- Allegheny Mountains","Sawmills -- Virginia","Sawmills -- West Virginia","Forest products industry -- Allegheny Mountains","Forests and forestry -- Economic aspects","Lumber -- Prices","Lumber trade -- Economic aspects -- Allegheny Mountains","Lumber trade -- History -- 19th century","Lumber trade -- Marketing -- 19th century","Lumber trade -- Virginia","Lumber trade -- West Virginia","Lumber -- Transportation -- Prices","Forests and forestry -- Economic aspects","Lumbering -- Allegheny Mountains","Logging -- Allegheny Mountains","Log transportation","Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","Railroad ties","Bark -- Utilization -- Costs","Bark -- Transportation -- Costs","Farm supply industries -- Costs","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Business records","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The ledgers are housed in one folder.","The ledgers originated from the estate of Jim and Pam Kiser in Woodstock, Virginia.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2090.","The ledgers, dated 1883-1890, likely document a sawmill operation. The exact  provenance of the ledgers is unknown, but according to the previous owners the location of the business operation was most likely Shenandoah or Rockingham counties in Virginia or Pendleton County, West Virginia. However, the surnames present in the ledgers, including Royer, Biddle, Schumaker, Detwiler, Brenneman, Solenberger, etc., also indicate a probable connection to Pennsylvania.","The majority of entries, made under individual names, are payments for chopping, hauling, and sawing logs or making boards or planks; some refer to other lumber products such as switch and first and second class ties (presumably for a railroad). Many of the entries document the 1890 tanbark peeling season, beginning on April 28 with notations for \"making road,\" then on April 29 into mid-June for peeling, hauling, sledding, ranking, carrying out, and loading bark in car (again, presumably railroad). Other commodities are also occasionally mentioned, including cabbage, apple butter, potatoes, buckwheat, wheat, tobacco, beef, pork, articles of clothing, and blankets.","Among others, names repeated throughout the ledgers include Andrew Solenberger, Franklin Breniman/Brenneman, George Sailer, Jacob Snively, John Detwiler, Orville Snively, Jacob Fry, Jacob Schumaker, Samuel Fouse, and Andrew Biddle.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Two ledgers likely documenting a sawmill or lumber operation in western Virginia or Pendleton County, West Virginia. The surnames present in the ledgers also indicate a potential connection to Pennsylvania.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0110","/repositories/4/resources/265"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lumber Ledgers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lumber Ledgers"],"collection_ssim":["Lumber Ledgers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Pendleton County (W. Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Pendleton County (W. Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creators_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Pendleton County (W. Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased at the Green Valley Auction Barn in November 1998."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Account books -- Sources","Business records -- Sources","Sawmills -- Accounting -- Sources","Sawmills -- Economic aspects -- Allegheny Mountains","Sawmills -- Virginia","Sawmills -- West Virginia","Forest products industry -- Allegheny Mountains","Forests and forestry -- Economic aspects","Lumber -- Prices","Lumber trade -- Economic aspects -- Allegheny Mountains","Lumber trade -- History -- 19th century","Lumber trade -- Marketing -- 19th century","Lumber trade -- Virginia","Lumber trade -- West Virginia","Lumber -- Transportation -- Prices","Forests and forestry -- Economic aspects","Lumbering -- Allegheny Mountains","Logging -- Allegheny Mountains","Log transportation","Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","Railroad ties","Bark -- Utilization -- Costs","Bark -- Transportation -- Costs","Farm supply industries -- Costs","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Account books -- Sources","Business records -- Sources","Sawmills -- Accounting -- Sources","Sawmills -- Economic aspects -- Allegheny Mountains","Sawmills -- Virginia","Sawmills -- West Virginia","Forest products industry -- Allegheny Mountains","Forests and forestry -- Economic aspects","Lumber -- Prices","Lumber trade -- Economic aspects -- Allegheny Mountains","Lumber trade -- History -- 19th century","Lumber trade -- Marketing -- 19th century","Lumber trade -- Virginia","Lumber trade -- West Virginia","Lumber -- Transportation -- Prices","Forests and forestry -- Economic aspects","Lumbering -- Allegheny Mountains","Logging -- Allegheny Mountains","Log transportation","Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","Railroad ties","Bark -- Utilization -- Costs","Bark -- Transportation -- Costs","Farm supply industries -- Costs","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"date_range_isim":[1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe ledgers are housed in one folder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The ledgers are housed in one folder."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe ledgers originated from the estate of Jim and Pam Kiser in Woodstock, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["The ledgers originated from the estate of Jim and Pam Kiser in Woodstock, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of Item], [box #, folder #], Lumber Ledgers, SC 0110, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of Item], [box #, folder #], Lumber Ledgers, SC 0110, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 2090.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2090."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe ledgers, dated 1883-1890, likely document a sawmill operation. The exact  provenance of the ledgers is unknown, but according to the previous owners the location of the business operation was most likely Shenandoah or Rockingham counties in Virginia or Pendleton County, West Virginia. However, the surnames present in the ledgers, including Royer, Biddle, Schumaker, Detwiler, Brenneman, Solenberger, etc., also indicate a probable connection to Pennsylvania.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of entries, made under individual names, are payments for chopping, hauling, and sawing logs or making boards or planks; some refer to other lumber products such as switch and first and second class ties (presumably for a railroad). Many of the entries document the 1890 tanbark peeling season, beginning on April 28 with notations for \"making road,\" then on April 29 into mid-June for peeling, hauling, sledding, ranking, carrying out, and loading bark in car (again, presumably railroad). Other commodities are also occasionally mentioned, including cabbage, apple butter, potatoes, buckwheat, wheat, tobacco, beef, pork, articles of clothing, and blankets.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAmong others, names repeated throughout the ledgers include Andrew Solenberger, Franklin Breniman/Brenneman, George Sailer, Jacob Snively, John Detwiler, Orville Snively, Jacob Fry, Jacob Schumaker, Samuel Fouse, and Andrew Biddle.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The ledgers, dated 1883-1890, likely document a sawmill operation. The exact  provenance of the ledgers is unknown, but according to the previous owners the location of the business operation was most likely Shenandoah or Rockingham counties in Virginia or Pendleton County, West Virginia. However, the surnames present in the ledgers, including Royer, Biddle, Schumaker, Detwiler, Brenneman, Solenberger, etc., also indicate a probable connection to Pennsylvania.","The majority of entries, made under individual names, are payments for chopping, hauling, and sawing logs or making boards or planks; some refer to other lumber products such as switch and first and second class ties (presumably for a railroad). Many of the entries document the 1890 tanbark peeling season, beginning on April 28 with notations for \"making road,\" then on April 29 into mid-June for peeling, hauling, sledding, ranking, carrying out, and loading bark in car (again, presumably railroad). Other commodities are also occasionally mentioned, including cabbage, apple butter, potatoes, buckwheat, wheat, tobacco, beef, pork, articles of clothing, and blankets.","Among others, names repeated throughout the ledgers include Andrew Solenberger, Franklin Breniman/Brenneman, George Sailer, Jacob Snively, John Detwiler, Orville Snively, Jacob Fry, Jacob Schumaker, Samuel Fouse, and Andrew Biddle."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1c799928be6c774a620bb91b9facf838\"\u003eTwo ledgers likely documenting a sawmill or lumber operation in western Virginia or Pendleton County, West Virginia. The surnames present in the ledgers also indicate a potential connection to Pennsylvania.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Two ledgers likely documenting a sawmill or lumber operation in western Virginia or Pendleton County, West Virginia. The surnames present in the ledgers also indicate a potential connection to Pennsylvania."],"names_coll_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:57:36.248Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_265","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_265","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_265","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_265","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_265.xml","title_ssm":["Lumber Ledgers"],"title_tesim":["Lumber Ledgers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1883-1890"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1883-1890"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0110","/repositories/4/resources/265"],"text":["SC 0110","/repositories/4/resources/265","Lumber Ledgers","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Pendleton County (W. Va.) -- History","Account books -- Sources","Business records -- Sources","Sawmills -- Accounting -- Sources","Sawmills -- Economic aspects -- Allegheny Mountains","Sawmills -- Virginia","Sawmills -- West Virginia","Forest products industry -- Allegheny Mountains","Forests and forestry -- Economic aspects","Lumber -- Prices","Lumber trade -- Economic aspects -- Allegheny Mountains","Lumber trade -- History -- 19th century","Lumber trade -- Marketing -- 19th century","Lumber trade -- Virginia","Lumber trade -- West Virginia","Lumber -- Transportation -- Prices","Forests and forestry -- Economic aspects","Lumbering -- Allegheny Mountains","Logging -- Allegheny Mountains","Log transportation","Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","Railroad ties","Bark -- Utilization -- Costs","Bark -- Transportation -- Costs","Farm supply industries -- Costs","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Business records","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The ledgers are housed in one folder.","The ledgers originated from the estate of Jim and Pam Kiser in Woodstock, Virginia.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2090.","The ledgers, dated 1883-1890, likely document a sawmill operation. The exact  provenance of the ledgers is unknown, but according to the previous owners the location of the business operation was most likely Shenandoah or Rockingham counties in Virginia or Pendleton County, West Virginia. However, the surnames present in the ledgers, including Royer, Biddle, Schumaker, Detwiler, Brenneman, Solenberger, etc., also indicate a probable connection to Pennsylvania.","The majority of entries, made under individual names, are payments for chopping, hauling, and sawing logs or making boards or planks; some refer to other lumber products such as switch and first and second class ties (presumably for a railroad). Many of the entries document the 1890 tanbark peeling season, beginning on April 28 with notations for \"making road,\" then on April 29 into mid-June for peeling, hauling, sledding, ranking, carrying out, and loading bark in car (again, presumably railroad). Other commodities are also occasionally mentioned, including cabbage, apple butter, potatoes, buckwheat, wheat, tobacco, beef, pork, articles of clothing, and blankets.","Among others, names repeated throughout the ledgers include Andrew Solenberger, Franklin Breniman/Brenneman, George Sailer, Jacob Snively, John Detwiler, Orville Snively, Jacob Fry, Jacob Schumaker, Samuel Fouse, and Andrew Biddle.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Two ledgers likely documenting a sawmill or lumber operation in western Virginia or Pendleton County, West Virginia. The surnames present in the ledgers also indicate a potential connection to Pennsylvania.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0110","/repositories/4/resources/265"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lumber Ledgers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lumber Ledgers"],"collection_ssim":["Lumber Ledgers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Pendleton County (W. Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Pendleton County (W. Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creators_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Pendleton County (W. Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased at the Green Valley Auction Barn in November 1998."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Account books -- Sources","Business records -- Sources","Sawmills -- Accounting -- Sources","Sawmills -- Economic aspects -- Allegheny Mountains","Sawmills -- Virginia","Sawmills -- West Virginia","Forest products industry -- Allegheny Mountains","Forests and forestry -- Economic aspects","Lumber -- Prices","Lumber trade -- Economic aspects -- Allegheny Mountains","Lumber trade -- History -- 19th century","Lumber trade -- Marketing -- 19th century","Lumber trade -- Virginia","Lumber trade -- West Virginia","Lumber -- Transportation -- Prices","Forests and forestry -- Economic aspects","Lumbering -- Allegheny Mountains","Logging -- Allegheny Mountains","Log transportation","Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","Railroad ties","Bark -- Utilization -- Costs","Bark -- Transportation -- Costs","Farm supply industries -- Costs","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Account books -- Sources","Business records -- Sources","Sawmills -- Accounting -- Sources","Sawmills -- Economic aspects -- Allegheny Mountains","Sawmills -- Virginia","Sawmills -- West Virginia","Forest products industry -- Allegheny Mountains","Forests and forestry -- Economic aspects","Lumber -- Prices","Lumber trade -- Economic aspects -- Allegheny Mountains","Lumber trade -- History -- 19th century","Lumber trade -- Marketing -- 19th century","Lumber trade -- Virginia","Lumber trade -- West Virginia","Lumber -- Transportation -- Prices","Forests and forestry -- Economic aspects","Lumbering -- Allegheny Mountains","Logging -- Allegheny Mountains","Log transportation","Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","Railroad ties","Bark -- Utilization -- Costs","Bark -- Transportation -- Costs","Farm supply industries -- Costs","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"date_range_isim":[1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe ledgers are housed in one folder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The ledgers are housed in one folder."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe ledgers originated from the estate of Jim and Pam Kiser in Woodstock, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["The ledgers originated from the estate of Jim and Pam Kiser in Woodstock, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of Item], [box #, folder #], Lumber Ledgers, SC 0110, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of Item], [box #, folder #], Lumber Ledgers, SC 0110, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 2090.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2090."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe ledgers, dated 1883-1890, likely document a sawmill operation. The exact  provenance of the ledgers is unknown, but according to the previous owners the location of the business operation was most likely Shenandoah or Rockingham counties in Virginia or Pendleton County, West Virginia. However, the surnames present in the ledgers, including Royer, Biddle, Schumaker, Detwiler, Brenneman, Solenberger, etc., also indicate a probable connection to Pennsylvania.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of entries, made under individual names, are payments for chopping, hauling, and sawing logs or making boards or planks; some refer to other lumber products such as switch and first and second class ties (presumably for a railroad). Many of the entries document the 1890 tanbark peeling season, beginning on April 28 with notations for \"making road,\" then on April 29 into mid-June for peeling, hauling, sledding, ranking, carrying out, and loading bark in car (again, presumably railroad). Other commodities are also occasionally mentioned, including cabbage, apple butter, potatoes, buckwheat, wheat, tobacco, beef, pork, articles of clothing, and blankets.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAmong others, names repeated throughout the ledgers include Andrew Solenberger, Franklin Breniman/Brenneman, George Sailer, Jacob Snively, John Detwiler, Orville Snively, Jacob Fry, Jacob Schumaker, Samuel Fouse, and Andrew Biddle.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The ledgers, dated 1883-1890, likely document a sawmill operation. The exact  provenance of the ledgers is unknown, but according to the previous owners the location of the business operation was most likely Shenandoah or Rockingham counties in Virginia or Pendleton County, West Virginia. However, the surnames present in the ledgers, including Royer, Biddle, Schumaker, Detwiler, Brenneman, Solenberger, etc., also indicate a probable connection to Pennsylvania.","The majority of entries, made under individual names, are payments for chopping, hauling, and sawing logs or making boards or planks; some refer to other lumber products such as switch and first and second class ties (presumably for a railroad). Many of the entries document the 1890 tanbark peeling season, beginning on April 28 with notations for \"making road,\" then on April 29 into mid-June for peeling, hauling, sledding, ranking, carrying out, and loading bark in car (again, presumably railroad). Other commodities are also occasionally mentioned, including cabbage, apple butter, potatoes, buckwheat, wheat, tobacco, beef, pork, articles of clothing, and blankets.","Among others, names repeated throughout the ledgers include Andrew Solenberger, Franklin Breniman/Brenneman, George Sailer, Jacob Snively, John Detwiler, Orville Snively, Jacob Fry, Jacob Schumaker, Samuel Fouse, and Andrew Biddle."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1c799928be6c774a620bb91b9facf838\"\u003eTwo ledgers likely documenting a sawmill or lumber operation in western Virginia or Pendleton County, West Virginia. The surnames present in the ledgers also indicate a potential connection to Pennsylvania.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Two ledgers likely documenting a sawmill or lumber operation in western Virginia or Pendleton County, West Virginia. The surnames present in the ledgers also indicate a potential connection to Pennsylvania."],"names_coll_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:57:36.248Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_265"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_213","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"McHone Brothers (LLC) Collection of Houck Tannery Records","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_213#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_213#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection consists of 6.7 cubic feet of records documenting the operations of the Houck Tannery and the J.P. Houck Store in Harrisonburg, Virginia, from 1870-1913, chiefly from 1890 to 1913. The collection contains account ledgers, registries, correspondence, and financial and transportation documents that record this turn of the century industry.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_213#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_213","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_213","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_213","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_213","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_213.xml","title_ssm":["McHone Brothers (LLC) Collection of Houck Tannery Records"],"title_tesim":["McHone Brothers (LLC) Collection of Houck Tannery Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1870-1913"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1870-1913"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0172","/repositories/4/resources/213"],"text":["SC 0172","/repositories/4/resources/213","McHone Brothers (LLC) Collection of Houck Tannery Records","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Statistics","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Edinburg (Va.) -- History","Stokesville (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Leather industry and trade -- United States","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanning -- United States","Tanning -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanning -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanbark -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Tanneries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Railroads -- Southern States -- History","Railroads -- Virginia -- History","Industries -- United States -- History","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","Voter registration -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","Political participation -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","Voting registers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Business records","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Shipping records","Bills of lading","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged in five series. Items within each series are arranged alphabetically by topic or locality, then chronologically. Original pagination retained.","Account Ledgers and Registries, 1870-1895 Communication, 1900-1912 Financial Documents, 1891-1912 Distribution/Transportation Documents, 1893-1913 J. P. Houck Store, 1898-1912","Barb, Mia, 1991. Tanbark Industry in the Shenandoah Valley, Oral History Interviews, SdArch 4. Carrier Library Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","Bolgiano, Chris. 1999. \"Tanbark Harvesting as an Economic and Environmental Factor in Appalachia.\" [S.1.:s.n.], 1999. Presented at [the] Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va., January 22, 1999.","Coakley, Sherry L. 1991. \"The Old Tannery.\" Harrisonburg Rockingham Historical Society Newsletter 13(1): 1-2.","\"History of Rockingham—Houck Tannery.\"  Daily News-Record , 28 February 1959.","Lathrop, J.M.  An Atlas of Shenandoah and Page Counties, Virginia; from actual surveys by J.M. Lathrop and B.N. Griffing .  Strasburg, Va.: GP Hammond Pub., 1991.  Originally published as: Philadelphia, Pa.: D.J. Lake \u0026 Co., 1885.","\"Mr. Dutrow's 20th Anniversary.\"  Harrisonburg Daily News , 11 March 1908.","Price, C.G. Sr. \"My Recollections of Harrisonburg at the turn of the century.\"  Rockingham Recorder  III:1, April 1979.","\"Dutrow Buys Houck Store.\"   Daily News-Record , 11 July 1913.","Suter, Scott Hamilton, and Cheryl Lyon.  Images of America: Harrisonburg .  Chicago: Arcadia Press, 2003.","Suter, Scott Hamilton, and Cheryl Lyon.  Places, Faces \u0026 Traces:  Historical Photographs of Harrisonburg and Rockingham County .  Dayton, Va.: Silver Lake Mill, 2005.","Wayland, John W.  Historic Harrisonburg .  Staunton, Va.: McClure Print. Co., 1949.","Joseph P. Houck was born on April 4, 1839, in Allentown, Pennsylvania. In the spring of 1866 he went to work for Shenandoah Iron Works in Page County, Virginia. He was successful in the business for fourteen years. Around 1880, Houck and his family moved to Harrisonburg, Virginia, as he had significant business interests there. He had bought a controlling share of the Harrisonburg Steam Tannery in 1878, which soon was renamed the Houck Tannery. In 1879 he opened the Houck Store near Court Square which sold leather goods in addition to household goods and furnishings.  Houck was a prominent member of the community, a member of the Rockingham Union Lodge, and secretary and treasurer of Valley Telephone. He died on June 16, 1908. Both the Tannery and the Store were passed on to his son, Joe (J. T.). The younger Houck sold the store to William B. Dutrow in 1913, but continued to own and operate the tannery until its close in the 1920s.","The tannery which came to be known as the Houck Tannery had a long history prior to its ownership by J. P. Houck. Local historian John Wayland noted in his 1949 book  Historic Harrisonburg  that sources indicate that as far back 1826, Joseph Cline had \"carried on the tanyard now owned by Lowenback,\" and that George Conrad had later purchased Cline's \"farm \u0026 the tanyard in town,\" although the date of that sale is not provided. Nonetheless, in 1871 J. A. Loewenbach owned and operated the tannery. That year, he constructed a new building for providing steam power, and in 1872 he had run a pipe from an unidentified spring in town to the tannery.","By 1878 ownership of the tannery was transferred to J. P. Houck. Although several tanneries operated in Rockingham County, Houck's was the largest. An 1880 census reports a capital investment of $75,000 and thirty employees in the tannery. The industry also supported significant numbers of workers who supplied and transported raw materials to the factory. A spur was laid from the Chesapeake and Western Railroad directly to the tannery warehouse to facilitate the tonnage of bark required for the manufacture of leather. In 1889 the tannery boasted a well that ran 600 feet deep. In addition, the tannery's powerful steam plant is credited with being the first provider of electricity in Harrisonburg. The city contracted with Houck in 1890 to power its street lights prior to the formation of the Harrisonburg Electric Commission. The factory ceased operation in the 1920s, and its 120 foot smokestack was demolished in 1929. A municipal parking deck now stands on the site. The sole remaining structure housed Whitesel-Sinton farm equipment in the 1930s, the armory until the 1950s, and the police department until its demolition in the early 1970s.","The collection was received on several long strands of heavy gauge wire totaling twenty linear feet which presented some difficulty due to their great weight and inherent instability. Documents had been punched onto the wire in chronological order which facilitated their arrangement but left edges exposed to a century's accumulation of grime and to damage by pests.  As a practical matter rather than an ideal conservation practice, each article was wiped with an untreated flannel dust cloth rather than vacuumed under mesh to encourage the exposed and embrittled corners of documents to crumble away from their much cleaner cores.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4044 .","J. P. Houck ledgers, 1892-1895, SC 0407, James Madison University Special Collections, Harrisonburg, Virginia.","This collection consists of 6.7 cubic feet of records that document the daily purchases and sales of the Houck Tannery and the J.P. Houck Store in Harrisonburg, Virginia, from 1870-1913, chiefly from 1890 to 1913. The collection is arranged in five series:  Account Ledgers and Registries, Communication, Financial Documents, Distribution/Transportation Documents, Images, and J.P. Houck Store. The first four series deal primarily with the Tannery; materials relating to the Store are housed in series five.  References to the Tannery may be abbreviated JPHTC, while the Houck Store may be abbreviated JPHS.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","This collection consists of 6.7 cubic feet of records documenting the operations of the Houck Tannery and the J.P. Houck Store in Harrisonburg, Virginia, from 1870-1913, chiefly from 1890 to 1913. The collection contains account ledgers, registries, correspondence, and financial and transportation documents that record this turn of the century industry.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","McHone Brothers, LLC","J. P. Houck Store (Harrisonburg, Va.)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0172","/repositories/4/resources/213"],"normalized_title_ssm":["McHone Brothers (LLC) Collection of Houck Tannery Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["McHone Brothers (LLC) Collection of Houck Tannery Records"],"collection_ssim":["McHone Brothers (LLC) Collection of Houck Tannery Records"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Statistics","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Edinburg (Va.) -- History","Stokesville (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Statistics","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Edinburg (Va.) -- History","Stokesville (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources"],"creator_ssm":["Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","McHone Brothers, LLC"],"creator_ssim":["Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","McHone Brothers, LLC"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","McHone Brothers, LLC"],"creators_ssim":["Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","McHone Brothers, LLC"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Statistics","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Edinburg (Va.) -- History","Stokesville (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Records were donated by the present building owner, McHone Brothers, LLC, in 2000. The collection was discovered in the late 1990s during renovations to the Houck Building on Court Square (71 South Main) in downtown Harrisonburg, the former offices of the Houck Tannery and store."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Leather industry and trade -- United States","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanning -- United States","Tanning -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanning -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanbark -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Tanneries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Railroads -- Southern States -- History","Railroads -- Virginia -- History","Industries -- United States -- History","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","Voter registration -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","Political participation -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","Voting registers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Business records","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Shipping records","Bills of lading"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Leather industry and trade -- United States","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanning -- United States","Tanning -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanning -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanbark -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Tanneries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Railroads -- Southern States -- History","Railroads -- Virginia -- History","Industries -- United States -- History","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","Voter registration -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","Political participation -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","Voting registers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Business records","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Shipping records","Bills of lading"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.7 cubic feet 8 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["6.7 cubic feet 8 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Business records","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Shipping records","Bills of lading"],"date_range_isim":[1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in five series. Items within each series are arranged alphabetically by topic or locality, then chronologically. Original pagination retained.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAccount Ledgers and Registries, 1870-1895\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCommunication, 1900-1912\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eFinancial Documents, 1891-1912\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eDistribution/Transportation Documents, 1893-1913\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eJ. P. Houck Store, 1898-1912\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in five series. Items within each series are arranged alphabetically by topic or locality, then chronologically. Original pagination retained.","Account Ledgers and Registries, 1870-1895 Communication, 1900-1912 Financial Documents, 1891-1912 Distribution/Transportation Documents, 1893-1913 J. P. Houck Store, 1898-1912"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eBarb, Mia, 1991. Tanbark Industry in the Shenandoah Valley, Oral History Interviews, SdArch 4. Carrier Library Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eBolgiano, Chris. 1999. \"Tanbark Harvesting as an Economic and Environmental Factor in Appalachia.\" [S.1.:s.n.], 1999. Presented at [the] Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va., January 22, 1999.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eCoakley, Sherry L. 1991. \"The Old Tannery.\" Harrisonburg Rockingham Historical Society Newsletter 13(1): 1-2.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"History of Rockingham—Houck Tannery.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, 28 February 1959.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eLathrop, J.M. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAn Atlas of Shenandoah and Page Counties, Virginia; from actual surveys by J.M. Lathrop and B.N. Griffing\u003c/emph\u003e.  Strasburg, Va.: GP Hammond Pub., 1991.  Originally published as: Philadelphia, Pa.: D.J. Lake \u0026amp; Co., 1885.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Mr. Dutrow's 20th Anniversary.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHarrisonburg Daily News\u003c/emph\u003e, 11 March 1908.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003ePrice, C.G. Sr. \"My Recollections of Harrisonburg at the turn of the century.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRockingham Recorder\u003c/emph\u003e III:1, April 1979.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Dutrow Buys Houck Store.\"  \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, 11 July 1913.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eSuter, Scott Hamilton, and Cheryl Lyon. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eImages of America: Harrisonburg\u003c/emph\u003e.  Chicago: Arcadia Press, 2003.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eSuter, Scott Hamilton, and Cheryl Lyon. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePlaces, Faces \u0026amp; Traces:  Historical Photographs of Harrisonburg and Rockingham County\u003c/emph\u003e.  Dayton, Va.: Silver Lake Mill, 2005.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eWayland, John W. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHistoric Harrisonburg\u003c/emph\u003e.  Staunton, Va.: McClure Print. Co., 1949.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Barb, Mia, 1991. Tanbark Industry in the Shenandoah Valley, Oral History Interviews, SdArch 4. Carrier Library Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","Bolgiano, Chris. 1999. \"Tanbark Harvesting as an Economic and Environmental Factor in Appalachia.\" [S.1.:s.n.], 1999. Presented at [the] Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va., January 22, 1999.","Coakley, Sherry L. 1991. \"The Old Tannery.\" Harrisonburg Rockingham Historical Society Newsletter 13(1): 1-2.","\"History of Rockingham—Houck Tannery.\"  Daily News-Record , 28 February 1959.","Lathrop, J.M.  An Atlas of Shenandoah and Page Counties, Virginia; from actual surveys by J.M. Lathrop and B.N. Griffing .  Strasburg, Va.: GP Hammond Pub., 1991.  Originally published as: Philadelphia, Pa.: D.J. Lake \u0026 Co., 1885.","\"Mr. Dutrow's 20th Anniversary.\"  Harrisonburg Daily News , 11 March 1908.","Price, C.G. Sr. \"My Recollections of Harrisonburg at the turn of the century.\"  Rockingham Recorder  III:1, April 1979.","\"Dutrow Buys Houck Store.\"   Daily News-Record , 11 July 1913.","Suter, Scott Hamilton, and Cheryl Lyon.  Images of America: Harrisonburg .  Chicago: Arcadia Press, 2003.","Suter, Scott Hamilton, and Cheryl Lyon.  Places, Faces \u0026 Traces:  Historical Photographs of Harrisonburg and Rockingham County .  Dayton, Va.: Silver Lake Mill, 2005.","Wayland, John W.  Historic Harrisonburg .  Staunton, Va.: McClure Print. Co., 1949."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph P. Houck was born on April 4, 1839, in Allentown, Pennsylvania. In the spring of 1866 he went to work for Shenandoah Iron Works in Page County, Virginia. He was successful in the business for fourteen years. Around 1880, Houck and his family moved to Harrisonburg, Virginia, as he had significant business interests there. He had bought a controlling share of the Harrisonburg Steam Tannery in 1878, which soon was renamed the Houck Tannery. In 1879 he opened the Houck Store near Court Square which sold leather goods in addition to household goods and furnishings.  Houck was a prominent member of the community, a member of the Rockingham Union Lodge, and secretary and treasurer of Valley Telephone. He died on June 16, 1908. Both the Tannery and the Store were passed on to his son, Joe (J. T.). The younger Houck sold the store to William B. Dutrow in 1913, but continued to own and operate the tannery until its close in the 1920s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe tannery which came to be known as the Houck Tannery had a long history prior to its ownership by J. P. Houck. Local historian John Wayland noted in his 1949 book \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHistoric Harrisonburg\u003c/emph\u003e that sources indicate that as far back 1826, Joseph Cline had \"carried on the tanyard now owned by Lowenback,\" and that George Conrad had later purchased Cline's \"farm \u0026amp; the tanyard in town,\" although the date of that sale is not provided. Nonetheless, in 1871 J. A. Loewenbach owned and operated the tannery. That year, he constructed a new building for providing steam power, and in 1872 he had run a pipe from an unidentified spring in town to the tannery.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy 1878 ownership of the tannery was transferred to J. P. Houck. Although several tanneries operated in Rockingham County, Houck's was the largest. An 1880 census reports a capital investment of $75,000 and thirty employees in the tannery. The industry also supported significant numbers of workers who supplied and transported raw materials to the factory. A spur was laid from the Chesapeake and Western Railroad directly to the tannery warehouse to facilitate the tonnage of bark required for the manufacture of leather. In 1889 the tannery boasted a well that ran 600 feet deep. In addition, the tannery's powerful steam plant is credited with being the first provider of electricity in Harrisonburg. The city contracted with Houck in 1890 to power its street lights prior to the formation of the Harrisonburg Electric Commission. The factory ceased operation in the 1920s, and its 120 foot smokestack was demolished in 1929. A municipal parking deck now stands on the site. The sole remaining structure housed Whitesel-Sinton farm equipment in the 1930s, the armory until the 1950s, and the police department until its demolition in the early 1970s.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joseph P. Houck was born on April 4, 1839, in Allentown, Pennsylvania. In the spring of 1866 he went to work for Shenandoah Iron Works in Page County, Virginia. He was successful in the business for fourteen years. Around 1880, Houck and his family moved to Harrisonburg, Virginia, as he had significant business interests there. He had bought a controlling share of the Harrisonburg Steam Tannery in 1878, which soon was renamed the Houck Tannery. In 1879 he opened the Houck Store near Court Square which sold leather goods in addition to household goods and furnishings.  Houck was a prominent member of the community, a member of the Rockingham Union Lodge, and secretary and treasurer of Valley Telephone. He died on June 16, 1908. Both the Tannery and the Store were passed on to his son, Joe (J. T.). The younger Houck sold the store to William B. Dutrow in 1913, but continued to own and operate the tannery until its close in the 1920s.","The tannery which came to be known as the Houck Tannery had a long history prior to its ownership by J. P. Houck. Local historian John Wayland noted in his 1949 book  Historic Harrisonburg  that sources indicate that as far back 1826, Joseph Cline had \"carried on the tanyard now owned by Lowenback,\" and that George Conrad had later purchased Cline's \"farm \u0026 the tanyard in town,\" although the date of that sale is not provided. Nonetheless, in 1871 J. A. Loewenbach owned and operated the tannery. That year, he constructed a new building for providing steam power, and in 1872 he had run a pipe from an unidentified spring in town to the tannery.","By 1878 ownership of the tannery was transferred to J. P. Houck. Although several tanneries operated in Rockingham County, Houck's was the largest. An 1880 census reports a capital investment of $75,000 and thirty employees in the tannery. The industry also supported significant numbers of workers who supplied and transported raw materials to the factory. A spur was laid from the Chesapeake and Western Railroad directly to the tannery warehouse to facilitate the tonnage of bark required for the manufacture of leather. In 1889 the tannery boasted a well that ran 600 feet deep. In addition, the tannery's powerful steam plant is credited with being the first provider of electricity in Harrisonburg. The city contracted with Houck in 1890 to power its street lights prior to the formation of the Harrisonburg Electric Commission. The factory ceased operation in the 1920s, and its 120 foot smokestack was demolished in 1929. A municipal parking deck now stands on the site. The sole remaining structure housed Whitesel-Sinton farm equipment in the 1930s, the armory until the 1950s, and the police department until its demolition in the early 1970s."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of Item], [box #, folder #], McHone (LLC) Collection of Houck Tannery Records, 1870-1913, SC 0172, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of Item], [box #, folder #], McHone (LLC) Collection of Houck Tannery Records, 1870-1913, SC 0172, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was received on several long strands of heavy gauge wire totaling twenty linear feet which presented some difficulty due to their great weight and inherent instability. Documents had been punched onto the wire in chronological order which facilitated their arrangement but left edges exposed to a century's accumulation of grime and to damage by pests.  As a practical matter rather than an ideal conservation practice, each article was wiped with an untreated flannel dust cloth rather than vacuumed under mesh to encourage the exposed and embrittled corners of documents to crumble away from their much cleaner cores.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 4044\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection was received on several long strands of heavy gauge wire totaling twenty linear feet which presented some difficulty due to their great weight and inherent instability. Documents had been punched onto the wire in chronological order which facilitated their arrangement but left edges exposed to a century's accumulation of grime and to damage by pests.  As a practical matter rather than an ideal conservation practice, each article was wiped with an untreated flannel dust cloth rather than vacuumed under mesh to encourage the exposed and embrittled corners of documents to crumble away from their much cleaner cores.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4044 ."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJ. P. Houck ledgers, 1892-1895, SC 0407, James Madison University Special Collections, Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["J. P. Houck ledgers, 1892-1895, SC 0407, James Madison University Special Collections, Harrisonburg, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of 6.7 cubic feet of records that document the daily purchases and sales of the Houck Tannery and the J.P. Houck Store in Harrisonburg, Virginia, from 1870-1913, chiefly from 1890 to 1913. The collection is arranged in five series:  Account Ledgers and Registries, Communication, Financial Documents, Distribution/Transportation Documents, Images, and J.P. Houck Store. The first four series deal primarily with the Tannery; materials relating to the Store are housed in series five.  References to the Tannery may be abbreviated JPHTC, while the Houck Store may be abbreviated JPHS.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of 6.7 cubic feet of records that document the daily purchases and sales of the Houck Tannery and the J.P. Houck Store in Harrisonburg, Virginia, from 1870-1913, chiefly from 1890 to 1913. The collection is arranged in five series:  Account Ledgers and Registries, Communication, Financial Documents, Distribution/Transportation Documents, Images, and J.P. Houck Store. The first four series deal primarily with the Tannery; materials relating to the Store are housed in series five.  References to the Tannery may be abbreviated JPHTC, while the Houck Store may be abbreviated JPHS."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0b4734e58550bfc23c19147f1802ed60\"\u003eThis collection consists of 6.7 cubic feet of records documenting the operations of the Houck Tannery and the J.P. Houck Store in Harrisonburg, Virginia, from 1870-1913, chiefly from 1890 to 1913. The collection contains account ledgers, registries, correspondence, and financial and transportation documents that record this turn of the century industry.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of 6.7 cubic feet of records documenting the operations of the Houck Tannery and the J.P. Houck Store in Harrisonburg, Virginia, from 1870-1913, chiefly from 1890 to 1913. The collection contains account ledgers, registries, correspondence, and financial and transportation documents that record this turn of the century industry."],"names_coll_ssim":["J. P. Houck Store (Harrisonburg, Va.)","McHone Brothers, LLC"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","McHone Brothers, LLC","J. P. Houck Store (Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","McHone Brothers, LLC","J. P. Houck Store (Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":200,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:59:18.143Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_213","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_213","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_213","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_213","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_213.xml","title_ssm":["McHone Brothers (LLC) Collection of Houck Tannery Records"],"title_tesim":["McHone Brothers (LLC) Collection of Houck Tannery Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1870-1913"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1870-1913"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0172","/repositories/4/resources/213"],"text":["SC 0172","/repositories/4/resources/213","McHone Brothers (LLC) Collection of Houck Tannery Records","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Statistics","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Edinburg (Va.) -- History","Stokesville (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Leather industry and trade -- United States","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanning -- United States","Tanning -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanning -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanbark -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Tanneries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Railroads -- Southern States -- History","Railroads -- Virginia -- History","Industries -- United States -- History","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","Voter registration -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","Political participation -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","Voting registers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Business records","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Shipping records","Bills of lading","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged in five series. Items within each series are arranged alphabetically by topic or locality, then chronologically. Original pagination retained.","Account Ledgers and Registries, 1870-1895 Communication, 1900-1912 Financial Documents, 1891-1912 Distribution/Transportation Documents, 1893-1913 J. P. Houck Store, 1898-1912","Barb, Mia, 1991. Tanbark Industry in the Shenandoah Valley, Oral History Interviews, SdArch 4. Carrier Library Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","Bolgiano, Chris. 1999. \"Tanbark Harvesting as an Economic and Environmental Factor in Appalachia.\" [S.1.:s.n.], 1999. Presented at [the] Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va., January 22, 1999.","Coakley, Sherry L. 1991. \"The Old Tannery.\" Harrisonburg Rockingham Historical Society Newsletter 13(1): 1-2.","\"History of Rockingham—Houck Tannery.\"  Daily News-Record , 28 February 1959.","Lathrop, J.M.  An Atlas of Shenandoah and Page Counties, Virginia; from actual surveys by J.M. Lathrop and B.N. Griffing .  Strasburg, Va.: GP Hammond Pub., 1991.  Originally published as: Philadelphia, Pa.: D.J. Lake \u0026 Co., 1885.","\"Mr. Dutrow's 20th Anniversary.\"  Harrisonburg Daily News , 11 March 1908.","Price, C.G. Sr. \"My Recollections of Harrisonburg at the turn of the century.\"  Rockingham Recorder  III:1, April 1979.","\"Dutrow Buys Houck Store.\"   Daily News-Record , 11 July 1913.","Suter, Scott Hamilton, and Cheryl Lyon.  Images of America: Harrisonburg .  Chicago: Arcadia Press, 2003.","Suter, Scott Hamilton, and Cheryl Lyon.  Places, Faces \u0026 Traces:  Historical Photographs of Harrisonburg and Rockingham County .  Dayton, Va.: Silver Lake Mill, 2005.","Wayland, John W.  Historic Harrisonburg .  Staunton, Va.: McClure Print. Co., 1949.","Joseph P. Houck was born on April 4, 1839, in Allentown, Pennsylvania. In the spring of 1866 he went to work for Shenandoah Iron Works in Page County, Virginia. He was successful in the business for fourteen years. Around 1880, Houck and his family moved to Harrisonburg, Virginia, as he had significant business interests there. He had bought a controlling share of the Harrisonburg Steam Tannery in 1878, which soon was renamed the Houck Tannery. In 1879 he opened the Houck Store near Court Square which sold leather goods in addition to household goods and furnishings.  Houck was a prominent member of the community, a member of the Rockingham Union Lodge, and secretary and treasurer of Valley Telephone. He died on June 16, 1908. Both the Tannery and the Store were passed on to his son, Joe (J. T.). The younger Houck sold the store to William B. Dutrow in 1913, but continued to own and operate the tannery until its close in the 1920s.","The tannery which came to be known as the Houck Tannery had a long history prior to its ownership by J. P. Houck. Local historian John Wayland noted in his 1949 book  Historic Harrisonburg  that sources indicate that as far back 1826, Joseph Cline had \"carried on the tanyard now owned by Lowenback,\" and that George Conrad had later purchased Cline's \"farm \u0026 the tanyard in town,\" although the date of that sale is not provided. Nonetheless, in 1871 J. A. Loewenbach owned and operated the tannery. That year, he constructed a new building for providing steam power, and in 1872 he had run a pipe from an unidentified spring in town to the tannery.","By 1878 ownership of the tannery was transferred to J. P. Houck. Although several tanneries operated in Rockingham County, Houck's was the largest. An 1880 census reports a capital investment of $75,000 and thirty employees in the tannery. The industry also supported significant numbers of workers who supplied and transported raw materials to the factory. A spur was laid from the Chesapeake and Western Railroad directly to the tannery warehouse to facilitate the tonnage of bark required for the manufacture of leather. In 1889 the tannery boasted a well that ran 600 feet deep. In addition, the tannery's powerful steam plant is credited with being the first provider of electricity in Harrisonburg. The city contracted with Houck in 1890 to power its street lights prior to the formation of the Harrisonburg Electric Commission. The factory ceased operation in the 1920s, and its 120 foot smokestack was demolished in 1929. A municipal parking deck now stands on the site. The sole remaining structure housed Whitesel-Sinton farm equipment in the 1930s, the armory until the 1950s, and the police department until its demolition in the early 1970s.","The collection was received on several long strands of heavy gauge wire totaling twenty linear feet which presented some difficulty due to their great weight and inherent instability. Documents had been punched onto the wire in chronological order which facilitated their arrangement but left edges exposed to a century's accumulation of grime and to damage by pests.  As a practical matter rather than an ideal conservation practice, each article was wiped with an untreated flannel dust cloth rather than vacuumed under mesh to encourage the exposed and embrittled corners of documents to crumble away from their much cleaner cores.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4044 .","J. P. Houck ledgers, 1892-1895, SC 0407, James Madison University Special Collections, Harrisonburg, Virginia.","This collection consists of 6.7 cubic feet of records that document the daily purchases and sales of the Houck Tannery and the J.P. Houck Store in Harrisonburg, Virginia, from 1870-1913, chiefly from 1890 to 1913. The collection is arranged in five series:  Account Ledgers and Registries, Communication, Financial Documents, Distribution/Transportation Documents, Images, and J.P. Houck Store. The first four series deal primarily with the Tannery; materials relating to the Store are housed in series five.  References to the Tannery may be abbreviated JPHTC, while the Houck Store may be abbreviated JPHS.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","This collection consists of 6.7 cubic feet of records documenting the operations of the Houck Tannery and the J.P. Houck Store in Harrisonburg, Virginia, from 1870-1913, chiefly from 1890 to 1913. The collection contains account ledgers, registries, correspondence, and financial and transportation documents that record this turn of the century industry.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","McHone Brothers, LLC","J. P. Houck Store (Harrisonburg, Va.)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0172","/repositories/4/resources/213"],"normalized_title_ssm":["McHone Brothers (LLC) Collection of Houck Tannery Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["McHone Brothers (LLC) Collection of Houck Tannery Records"],"collection_ssim":["McHone Brothers (LLC) Collection of Houck Tannery Records"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Statistics","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Edinburg (Va.) -- History","Stokesville (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Statistics","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Edinburg (Va.) -- History","Stokesville (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources"],"creator_ssm":["Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","McHone Brothers, LLC"],"creator_ssim":["Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","McHone Brothers, LLC"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","McHone Brothers, LLC"],"creators_ssim":["Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","McHone Brothers, LLC"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Statistics","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Edinburg (Va.) -- History","Stokesville (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Records were donated by the present building owner, McHone Brothers, LLC, in 2000. The collection was discovered in the late 1990s during renovations to the Houck Building on Court Square (71 South Main) in downtown Harrisonburg, the former offices of the Houck Tannery and store."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Leather industry and trade -- United States","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanning -- United States","Tanning -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanning -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanbark -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Tanneries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Railroads -- Southern States -- History","Railroads -- Virginia -- History","Industries -- United States -- History","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","Voter registration -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","Political participation -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","Voting registers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Business records","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Shipping records","Bills of lading"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Leather industry and trade -- United States","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanning -- United States","Tanning -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanning -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanbark -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Tanneries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Railroads -- Southern States -- History","Railroads -- Virginia -- History","Industries -- United States -- History","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","Voter registration -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","Political participation -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","Voting registers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Business records","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Shipping records","Bills of lading"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.7 cubic feet 8 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["6.7 cubic feet 8 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Business records","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Shipping records","Bills of lading"],"date_range_isim":[1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in five series. Items within each series are arranged alphabetically by topic or locality, then chronologically. Original pagination retained.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAccount Ledgers and Registries, 1870-1895\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCommunication, 1900-1912\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eFinancial Documents, 1891-1912\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eDistribution/Transportation Documents, 1893-1913\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eJ. P. Houck Store, 1898-1912\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in five series. Items within each series are arranged alphabetically by topic or locality, then chronologically. Original pagination retained.","Account Ledgers and Registries, 1870-1895 Communication, 1900-1912 Financial Documents, 1891-1912 Distribution/Transportation Documents, 1893-1913 J. P. Houck Store, 1898-1912"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eBarb, Mia, 1991. Tanbark Industry in the Shenandoah Valley, Oral History Interviews, SdArch 4. Carrier Library Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eBolgiano, Chris. 1999. \"Tanbark Harvesting as an Economic and Environmental Factor in Appalachia.\" [S.1.:s.n.], 1999. Presented at [the] Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va., January 22, 1999.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eCoakley, Sherry L. 1991. \"The Old Tannery.\" Harrisonburg Rockingham Historical Society Newsletter 13(1): 1-2.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"History of Rockingham—Houck Tannery.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, 28 February 1959.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eLathrop, J.M. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAn Atlas of Shenandoah and Page Counties, Virginia; from actual surveys by J.M. Lathrop and B.N. Griffing\u003c/emph\u003e.  Strasburg, Va.: GP Hammond Pub., 1991.  Originally published as: Philadelphia, Pa.: D.J. Lake \u0026amp; Co., 1885.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Mr. Dutrow's 20th Anniversary.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHarrisonburg Daily News\u003c/emph\u003e, 11 March 1908.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003ePrice, C.G. Sr. \"My Recollections of Harrisonburg at the turn of the century.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRockingham Recorder\u003c/emph\u003e III:1, April 1979.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Dutrow Buys Houck Store.\"  \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, 11 July 1913.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eSuter, Scott Hamilton, and Cheryl Lyon. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eImages of America: Harrisonburg\u003c/emph\u003e.  Chicago: Arcadia Press, 2003.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eSuter, Scott Hamilton, and Cheryl Lyon. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePlaces, Faces \u0026amp; Traces:  Historical Photographs of Harrisonburg and Rockingham County\u003c/emph\u003e.  Dayton, Va.: Silver Lake Mill, 2005.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eWayland, John W. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHistoric Harrisonburg\u003c/emph\u003e.  Staunton, Va.: McClure Print. Co., 1949.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Barb, Mia, 1991. Tanbark Industry in the Shenandoah Valley, Oral History Interviews, SdArch 4. Carrier Library Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","Bolgiano, Chris. 1999. \"Tanbark Harvesting as an Economic and Environmental Factor in Appalachia.\" [S.1.:s.n.], 1999. Presented at [the] Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va., January 22, 1999.","Coakley, Sherry L. 1991. \"The Old Tannery.\" Harrisonburg Rockingham Historical Society Newsletter 13(1): 1-2.","\"History of Rockingham—Houck Tannery.\"  Daily News-Record , 28 February 1959.","Lathrop, J.M.  An Atlas of Shenandoah and Page Counties, Virginia; from actual surveys by J.M. Lathrop and B.N. Griffing .  Strasburg, Va.: GP Hammond Pub., 1991.  Originally published as: Philadelphia, Pa.: D.J. Lake \u0026 Co., 1885.","\"Mr. Dutrow's 20th Anniversary.\"  Harrisonburg Daily News , 11 March 1908.","Price, C.G. Sr. \"My Recollections of Harrisonburg at the turn of the century.\"  Rockingham Recorder  III:1, April 1979.","\"Dutrow Buys Houck Store.\"   Daily News-Record , 11 July 1913.","Suter, Scott Hamilton, and Cheryl Lyon.  Images of America: Harrisonburg .  Chicago: Arcadia Press, 2003.","Suter, Scott Hamilton, and Cheryl Lyon.  Places, Faces \u0026 Traces:  Historical Photographs of Harrisonburg and Rockingham County .  Dayton, Va.: Silver Lake Mill, 2005.","Wayland, John W.  Historic Harrisonburg .  Staunton, Va.: McClure Print. Co., 1949."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph P. Houck was born on April 4, 1839, in Allentown, Pennsylvania. In the spring of 1866 he went to work for Shenandoah Iron Works in Page County, Virginia. He was successful in the business for fourteen years. Around 1880, Houck and his family moved to Harrisonburg, Virginia, as he had significant business interests there. He had bought a controlling share of the Harrisonburg Steam Tannery in 1878, which soon was renamed the Houck Tannery. In 1879 he opened the Houck Store near Court Square which sold leather goods in addition to household goods and furnishings.  Houck was a prominent member of the community, a member of the Rockingham Union Lodge, and secretary and treasurer of Valley Telephone. He died on June 16, 1908. Both the Tannery and the Store were passed on to his son, Joe (J. T.). The younger Houck sold the store to William B. Dutrow in 1913, but continued to own and operate the tannery until its close in the 1920s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe tannery which came to be known as the Houck Tannery had a long history prior to its ownership by J. P. Houck. Local historian John Wayland noted in his 1949 book \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHistoric Harrisonburg\u003c/emph\u003e that sources indicate that as far back 1826, Joseph Cline had \"carried on the tanyard now owned by Lowenback,\" and that George Conrad had later purchased Cline's \"farm \u0026amp; the tanyard in town,\" although the date of that sale is not provided. Nonetheless, in 1871 J. A. Loewenbach owned and operated the tannery. That year, he constructed a new building for providing steam power, and in 1872 he had run a pipe from an unidentified spring in town to the tannery.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy 1878 ownership of the tannery was transferred to J. P. Houck. Although several tanneries operated in Rockingham County, Houck's was the largest. An 1880 census reports a capital investment of $75,000 and thirty employees in the tannery. The industry also supported significant numbers of workers who supplied and transported raw materials to the factory. A spur was laid from the Chesapeake and Western Railroad directly to the tannery warehouse to facilitate the tonnage of bark required for the manufacture of leather. In 1889 the tannery boasted a well that ran 600 feet deep. In addition, the tannery's powerful steam plant is credited with being the first provider of electricity in Harrisonburg. The city contracted with Houck in 1890 to power its street lights prior to the formation of the Harrisonburg Electric Commission. The factory ceased operation in the 1920s, and its 120 foot smokestack was demolished in 1929. A municipal parking deck now stands on the site. The sole remaining structure housed Whitesel-Sinton farm equipment in the 1930s, the armory until the 1950s, and the police department until its demolition in the early 1970s.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joseph P. Houck was born on April 4, 1839, in Allentown, Pennsylvania. In the spring of 1866 he went to work for Shenandoah Iron Works in Page County, Virginia. He was successful in the business for fourteen years. Around 1880, Houck and his family moved to Harrisonburg, Virginia, as he had significant business interests there. He had bought a controlling share of the Harrisonburg Steam Tannery in 1878, which soon was renamed the Houck Tannery. In 1879 he opened the Houck Store near Court Square which sold leather goods in addition to household goods and furnishings.  Houck was a prominent member of the community, a member of the Rockingham Union Lodge, and secretary and treasurer of Valley Telephone. He died on June 16, 1908. Both the Tannery and the Store were passed on to his son, Joe (J. T.). The younger Houck sold the store to William B. Dutrow in 1913, but continued to own and operate the tannery until its close in the 1920s.","The tannery which came to be known as the Houck Tannery had a long history prior to its ownership by J. P. Houck. Local historian John Wayland noted in his 1949 book  Historic Harrisonburg  that sources indicate that as far back 1826, Joseph Cline had \"carried on the tanyard now owned by Lowenback,\" and that George Conrad had later purchased Cline's \"farm \u0026 the tanyard in town,\" although the date of that sale is not provided. Nonetheless, in 1871 J. A. Loewenbach owned and operated the tannery. That year, he constructed a new building for providing steam power, and in 1872 he had run a pipe from an unidentified spring in town to the tannery.","By 1878 ownership of the tannery was transferred to J. P. Houck. Although several tanneries operated in Rockingham County, Houck's was the largest. An 1880 census reports a capital investment of $75,000 and thirty employees in the tannery. The industry also supported significant numbers of workers who supplied and transported raw materials to the factory. A spur was laid from the Chesapeake and Western Railroad directly to the tannery warehouse to facilitate the tonnage of bark required for the manufacture of leather. In 1889 the tannery boasted a well that ran 600 feet deep. In addition, the tannery's powerful steam plant is credited with being the first provider of electricity in Harrisonburg. The city contracted with Houck in 1890 to power its street lights prior to the formation of the Harrisonburg Electric Commission. The factory ceased operation in the 1920s, and its 120 foot smokestack was demolished in 1929. A municipal parking deck now stands on the site. The sole remaining structure housed Whitesel-Sinton farm equipment in the 1930s, the armory until the 1950s, and the police department until its demolition in the early 1970s."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of Item], [box #, folder #], McHone (LLC) Collection of Houck Tannery Records, 1870-1913, SC 0172, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of Item], [box #, folder #], McHone (LLC) Collection of Houck Tannery Records, 1870-1913, SC 0172, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was received on several long strands of heavy gauge wire totaling twenty linear feet which presented some difficulty due to their great weight and inherent instability. Documents had been punched onto the wire in chronological order which facilitated their arrangement but left edges exposed to a century's accumulation of grime and to damage by pests.  As a practical matter rather than an ideal conservation practice, each article was wiped with an untreated flannel dust cloth rather than vacuumed under mesh to encourage the exposed and embrittled corners of documents to crumble away from their much cleaner cores.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 4044\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection was received on several long strands of heavy gauge wire totaling twenty linear feet which presented some difficulty due to their great weight and inherent instability. Documents had been punched onto the wire in chronological order which facilitated their arrangement but left edges exposed to a century's accumulation of grime and to damage by pests.  As a practical matter rather than an ideal conservation practice, each article was wiped with an untreated flannel dust cloth rather than vacuumed under mesh to encourage the exposed and embrittled corners of documents to crumble away from their much cleaner cores.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4044 ."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJ. P. Houck ledgers, 1892-1895, SC 0407, James Madison University Special Collections, Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["J. P. Houck ledgers, 1892-1895, SC 0407, James Madison University Special Collections, Harrisonburg, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of 6.7 cubic feet of records that document the daily purchases and sales of the Houck Tannery and the J.P. Houck Store in Harrisonburg, Virginia, from 1870-1913, chiefly from 1890 to 1913. The collection is arranged in five series:  Account Ledgers and Registries, Communication, Financial Documents, Distribution/Transportation Documents, Images, and J.P. Houck Store. The first four series deal primarily with the Tannery; materials relating to the Store are housed in series five.  References to the Tannery may be abbreviated JPHTC, while the Houck Store may be abbreviated JPHS.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of 6.7 cubic feet of records that document the daily purchases and sales of the Houck Tannery and the J.P. Houck Store in Harrisonburg, Virginia, from 1870-1913, chiefly from 1890 to 1913. The collection is arranged in five series:  Account Ledgers and Registries, Communication, Financial Documents, Distribution/Transportation Documents, Images, and J.P. Houck Store. The first four series deal primarily with the Tannery; materials relating to the Store are housed in series five.  References to the Tannery may be abbreviated JPHTC, while the Houck Store may be abbreviated JPHS."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0b4734e58550bfc23c19147f1802ed60\"\u003eThis collection consists of 6.7 cubic feet of records documenting the operations of the Houck Tannery and the J.P. Houck Store in Harrisonburg, Virginia, from 1870-1913, chiefly from 1890 to 1913. The collection contains account ledgers, registries, correspondence, and financial and transportation documents that record this turn of the century industry.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of 6.7 cubic feet of records documenting the operations of the Houck Tannery and the J.P. Houck Store in Harrisonburg, Virginia, from 1870-1913, chiefly from 1890 to 1913. The collection contains account ledgers, registries, correspondence, and financial and transportation documents that record this turn of the century industry."],"names_coll_ssim":["J. P. Houck Store (Harrisonburg, Va.)","McHone Brothers, LLC"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","McHone Brothers, LLC","J. P. Houck Store (Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","McHone Brothers, LLC","J. P. Houck Store (Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":200,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:59:18.143Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_213"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_275","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Robert H. and Lorraine Strickler Collection of John Zigler Daybooks","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_275#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Zigler, John, 1786-1856","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_275#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Robert H. and Lorraine Strickler Collection of John Zigler Daybooks, 1816-1903, consists chiefly of daybooks and ledgers related to the John Zigler tannery and pottery businesses in Rockingham County, Virginia. Additional materials include photographs, notes, letters, and loose accounts.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_275#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_275","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_275","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_275","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_275","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_275.xml","title_ssm":["Robert H. and Lorraine Strickler Collection of John Zigler Daybooks"],"title_tesim":["Robert H. and Lorraine Strickler Collection of John Zigler Daybooks"],"unitdate_ssm":["1816-1903"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1816-1903"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0128","/repositories/4/resources/275"],"text":["SC 0128","/repositories/4/resources/275","Robert H. and Lorraine Strickler Collection of John Zigler Daybooks","Timberville (Va.) -- History","Timberville (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Virginia -- History, Local","Account books -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanners -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","African Americans -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Farm supply industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","General stores -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Agricultural industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Hides and skins -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Bark -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Hemp -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Pottery, American -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Pottery kilns -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Blacksmithing -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Shoe industry -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Sawmills -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Mills and mill-work -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Timberville -- Sources","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Daybooks","Ledgers (account books)","Business records","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","This collection is arranged in two series:","Daybooks and ledgers, 1816-1903 Unbound material, 1843-1893","Jonassen, Diane.  German Influences on the Early Arts in the Shenandoah Valley . Harrisonburg: James Madison University, 1981.","Miller, Gordon.  Rockingham: An Annotated Bibliography of a Virginia County . Harrisonburg: Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society, 1989.","Wayland, John W.  A History of Rockingham County . Dayton: Ruebush-Elkins, 1912.","John Zigler (b. 1786) moved to Timberville in Rockingham County, Virginia in 1814. In this year, he also opened a tannery, which was known as the largest and best in the Shenandoah Valley by the year of his death in 1856. Along with his tannery, he also started a pottery business in 1830, and later opened a hemp mill. John Zigler was also part of a project to build a free bridge across the Shenandoah River in 1833. Zigler and his family were also affiliated with the Church of the Brethern (Dunkers).","The Stricklers purchased the John Zigler daybooks at the M. Otto Zigler estate sale held by Green Valley Auctions, Inc. on August 11, 1990.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3025.","The ledger acquired from Crown Collectibles was added to the collection in April 2022.","The Robert H. and Lorraine Strickler Collection of John Zigler Daybooks, 1816-1903, consists consists primarily of 19 daybooks and ledgers from the John Zigler tannery and pottery businesses in Timberville in Rockingham County, Virginia. Additional materials include photographs, notes, letters, and loose financial accounts.","Series 1: Daybooks and Ledgers, 1816-1903, contains daybooks and ledgers numbered consecutively according to date. These daybooks include references to Henry Jordan as tanner, Andrew Coffman as potter, use of dollars and pounds, references to hauling hides from Winchester, references to milling hemp, reference to death of John Zigler Sr., and references to the pottery kiln, saw mill, and tons of hay. Daybooks record transactions chronologically; ledgers group transactions under individual account names. Entries made throughout ledgers and daybooks refer to the purchasing of hides and bark. Entries relating to purchasing hemp begin around 1826; entries mentioning pottery and a saw mill begin around 1830. Entries relating to the \"sharping\" of shovels and removing of shoes suggest the presence of a blacksmith. Many entries also suggest the presence of a shoemaker. The later years of the ledgers seem to document a change to a farm supply or general store. Many entries relate to dry goods or to agricultural products and methods such as hay and threshing. Of particular interest is the simultaneous use of both pounds and dollars until around 1845. Also, two types of entries can be found throughout the ledgers and daybooks relating to African Americans. The name of a person is sometimes followed by \"black\" or \"blackman;\" or a name may be followed by \"by his blackman\" or \"blackboy.\" Many inserts were found in apparently random order in the daybooks and ledgers. Some were merely scraps for calculating numbers, while others contained account information. Unless there was a connection between an insert and the pages where it was found, it was filed in a folder. There is also one undated photograph thought to be of the kiln. Oversize daybooks are included in this series and contain accounts of Daniel Zigler and references to buying calfskins in Baltimore.","Series 2: Unbound Material, 1843-1893, consists of financial accounts of the Zigler family, notes, memos, and a photograph of Zigler's Timberville kiln.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Robert H. and Lorraine Strickler Collection of John Zigler Daybooks, 1816-1903, consists chiefly of daybooks and ledgers related to the John Zigler tannery and pottery businesses in Rockingham County, Virginia. Additional materials include photographs, notes, letters, and loose accounts.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Crown Collectibles","Zigler Tannery (Timberville, Va.)","Zigler family","Zigler, John, 1786-1856","Strickler, Robert H. (Robert \"Twig\" Hopkins), 1928-2019","Strickler, Lorraine Warren, 1932-","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0128","/repositories/4/resources/275"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert H. and Lorraine Strickler Collection of John Zigler Daybooks"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert H. and Lorraine Strickler Collection of John Zigler Daybooks"],"collection_ssim":["Robert H. and Lorraine Strickler Collection of John Zigler Daybooks"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Timberville (Va.) -- History","Timberville (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Timberville (Va.) -- History","Timberville (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["Zigler, John, 1786-1856","Strickler, Robert H. (Robert \"Twig\" Hopkins), 1928-2019","Strickler, Lorraine Warren, 1932-","Crown Collectibles"],"creator_ssim":["Zigler, John, 1786-1856","Strickler, Robert H. (Robert \"Twig\" Hopkins), 1928-2019","Strickler, Lorraine Warren, 1932-","Crown Collectibles"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Zigler, John, 1786-1856","Strickler, Robert H. (Robert \"Twig\" Hopkins), 1928-2019","Strickler, Lorraine Warren, 1932-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Crown Collectibles"],"creators_ssim":["Zigler, John, 1786-1856","Strickler, Robert H. (Robert \"Twig\" Hopkins), 1928-2019","Strickler, Lorraine Warren, 1932-","Crown Collectibles"],"places_ssim":["Timberville (Va.) -- History","Timberville (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Virginia -- History, Local"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Robert H. \"Twig\" and Lorraine Strickler donated this collection to Carrier Library in December 1990.","In March 2022, Special Collections aquired from Crown Collectibles a ledger/daybook (Daybook/Ledger 19) belonging to the same John Zigler."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Account books -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanners -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","African Americans -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Farm supply industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","General stores -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Agricultural industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Hides and skins -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Bark -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Hemp -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Pottery, American -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Pottery kilns -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Blacksmithing -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Shoe industry -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Sawmills -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Mills and mill-work -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Timberville -- Sources","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Daybooks","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Account books -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanners -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","African Americans -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Farm supply industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","General stores -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Agricultural industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Hides and skins -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Bark -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Hemp -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Pottery, American -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Pottery kilns -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Blacksmithing -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Shoe industry -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Sawmills -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Mills and mill-work -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Timberville -- Sources","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Daybooks","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.9 cubic feet 7 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2.9 cubic feet 7 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Daybooks","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"date_range_isim":[1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged in two series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eDaybooks and ledgers, 1816-1903\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eUnbound material, 1843-1893\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged in two series:","Daybooks and ledgers, 1816-1903 Unbound material, 1843-1893"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eJonassen, Diane. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eGerman Influences on the Early Arts in the Shenandoah Valley\u003c/emph\u003e. Harrisonburg: James Madison University, 1981.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eMiller, Gordon. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRockingham: An Annotated Bibliography of a Virginia County\u003c/emph\u003e. Harrisonburg: Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society, 1989.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eWayland, John W. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA History of Rockingham County\u003c/emph\u003e. Dayton: Ruebush-Elkins, 1912.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Jonassen, Diane.  German Influences on the Early Arts in the Shenandoah Valley . Harrisonburg: James Madison University, 1981.","Miller, Gordon.  Rockingham: An Annotated Bibliography of a Virginia County . Harrisonburg: Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society, 1989.","Wayland, John W.  A History of Rockingham County . Dayton: Ruebush-Elkins, 1912."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Zigler (b. 1786) moved to Timberville in Rockingham County, Virginia in 1814. In this year, he also opened a tannery, which was known as the largest and best in the Shenandoah Valley by the year of his death in 1856. Along with his tannery, he also started a pottery business in 1830, and later opened a hemp mill. John Zigler was also part of a project to build a free bridge across the Shenandoah River in 1833. Zigler and his family were also affiliated with the Church of the Brethern (Dunkers).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Zigler (b. 1786) moved to Timberville in Rockingham County, Virginia in 1814. In this year, he also opened a tannery, which was known as the largest and best in the Shenandoah Valley by the year of his death in 1856. Along with his tannery, he also started a pottery business in 1830, and later opened a hemp mill. John Zigler was also part of a project to build a free bridge across the Shenandoah River in 1833. Zigler and his family were also affiliated with the Church of the Brethern (Dunkers)."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Stricklers purchased the John Zigler daybooks at the M. Otto Zigler estate sale held by Green Valley Auctions, Inc. on August 11, 1990.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The Stricklers purchased the John Zigler daybooks at the M. Otto Zigler estate sale held by Green Valley Auctions, Inc. on August 11, 1990."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Robert H. and Lorraine Strickler Collection of John Zigler Daybooks, 1816-1903, SC 0128, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Robert H. and Lorraine Strickler Collection of John Zigler Daybooks, 1816-1903, SC 0128, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 3025.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe ledger acquired from Crown Collectibles was added to the collection in April 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3025.","The ledger acquired from Crown Collectibles was added to the collection in April 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Robert H. and Lorraine Strickler Collection of John Zigler Daybooks, 1816-1903, consists consists primarily of 19 daybooks and ledgers from the John Zigler tannery and pottery businesses in Timberville in Rockingham County, Virginia. Additional materials include photographs, notes, letters, and loose financial accounts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Daybooks and Ledgers, 1816-1903, contains daybooks and ledgers numbered consecutively according to date. These daybooks include references to Henry Jordan as tanner, Andrew Coffman as potter, use of dollars and pounds, references to hauling hides from Winchester, references to milling hemp, reference to death of John Zigler Sr., and references to the pottery kiln, saw mill, and tons of hay. Daybooks record transactions chronologically; ledgers group transactions under individual account names. Entries made throughout ledgers and daybooks refer to the purchasing of hides and bark. Entries relating to purchasing hemp begin around 1826; entries mentioning pottery and a saw mill begin around 1830. Entries relating to the \"sharping\" of shovels and removing of shoes suggest the presence of a blacksmith. Many entries also suggest the presence of a shoemaker. The later years of the ledgers seem to document a change to a farm supply or general store. Many entries relate to dry goods or to agricultural products and methods such as hay and threshing. Of particular interest is the simultaneous use of both pounds and dollars until around 1845. Also, two types of entries can be found throughout the ledgers and daybooks relating to African Americans. The name of a person is sometimes followed by \"black\" or \"blackman;\" or a name may be followed by \"by his blackman\" or \"blackboy.\" Many inserts were found in apparently random order in the daybooks and ledgers. Some were merely scraps for calculating numbers, while others contained account information. Unless there was a connection between an insert and the pages where it was found, it was filed in a folder. There is also one undated photograph thought to be of the kiln. Oversize daybooks are included in this series and contain accounts of Daniel Zigler and references to buying calfskins in Baltimore.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Unbound Material, 1843-1893, consists of financial accounts of the Zigler family, notes, memos, and a photograph of Zigler's Timberville kiln.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Robert H. and Lorraine Strickler Collection of John Zigler Daybooks, 1816-1903, consists consists primarily of 19 daybooks and ledgers from the John Zigler tannery and pottery businesses in Timberville in Rockingham County, Virginia. Additional materials include photographs, notes, letters, and loose financial accounts.","Series 1: Daybooks and Ledgers, 1816-1903, contains daybooks and ledgers numbered consecutively according to date. These daybooks include references to Henry Jordan as tanner, Andrew Coffman as potter, use of dollars and pounds, references to hauling hides from Winchester, references to milling hemp, reference to death of John Zigler Sr., and references to the pottery kiln, saw mill, and tons of hay. Daybooks record transactions chronologically; ledgers group transactions under individual account names. Entries made throughout ledgers and daybooks refer to the purchasing of hides and bark. Entries relating to purchasing hemp begin around 1826; entries mentioning pottery and a saw mill begin around 1830. Entries relating to the \"sharping\" of shovels and removing of shoes suggest the presence of a blacksmith. Many entries also suggest the presence of a shoemaker. The later years of the ledgers seem to document a change to a farm supply or general store. Many entries relate to dry goods or to agricultural products and methods such as hay and threshing. Of particular interest is the simultaneous use of both pounds and dollars until around 1845. Also, two types of entries can be found throughout the ledgers and daybooks relating to African Americans. The name of a person is sometimes followed by \"black\" or \"blackman;\" or a name may be followed by \"by his blackman\" or \"blackboy.\" Many inserts were found in apparently random order in the daybooks and ledgers. Some were merely scraps for calculating numbers, while others contained account information. Unless there was a connection between an insert and the pages where it was found, it was filed in a folder. There is also one undated photograph thought to be of the kiln. Oversize daybooks are included in this series and contain accounts of Daniel Zigler and references to buying calfskins in Baltimore.","Series 2: Unbound Material, 1843-1893, consists of financial accounts of the Zigler family, notes, memos, and a photograph of Zigler's Timberville kiln."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0f17978a4786b00a8c40e38435169af3\"\u003eThe Robert H. and Lorraine Strickler Collection of John Zigler Daybooks, 1816-1903, consists chiefly of daybooks and ledgers related to the John Zigler tannery and pottery businesses in Rockingham County, Virginia. Additional materials include photographs, notes, letters, and loose accounts.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Robert H. and Lorraine Strickler Collection of John Zigler Daybooks, 1816-1903, consists chiefly of daybooks and ledgers related to the John Zigler tannery and pottery businesses in Rockingham County, Virginia. Additional materials include photographs, notes, letters, and loose accounts."],"names_coll_ssim":["Crown Collectibles","Zigler Tannery (Timberville, Va.)","Zigler family","Strickler, Robert H. (Robert \"Twig\" Hopkins), 1928-2019","Strickler, Lorraine Warren, 1932-"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Crown Collectibles","Zigler Tannery (Timberville, Va.)","Zigler family","Zigler, John, 1786-1856","Strickler, Robert H. (Robert \"Twig\" Hopkins), 1928-2019","Strickler, Lorraine Warren, 1932-"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Crown Collectibles","Zigler Tannery (Timberville, Va.)"],"famname_ssim":["Zigler family"],"persname_ssim":["Zigler, John, 1786-1856","Strickler, Robert H. (Robert \"Twig\" Hopkins), 1928-2019","Strickler, Lorraine Warren, 1932-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":25,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:59:16.484Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_275","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_275","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_275","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_275","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_275.xml","title_ssm":["Robert H. and Lorraine Strickler Collection of John Zigler Daybooks"],"title_tesim":["Robert H. and Lorraine Strickler Collection of John Zigler Daybooks"],"unitdate_ssm":["1816-1903"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1816-1903"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0128","/repositories/4/resources/275"],"text":["SC 0128","/repositories/4/resources/275","Robert H. and Lorraine Strickler Collection of John Zigler Daybooks","Timberville (Va.) -- History","Timberville (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Virginia -- History, Local","Account books -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanners -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","African Americans -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Farm supply industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","General stores -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Agricultural industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Hides and skins -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Bark -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Hemp -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Pottery, American -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Pottery kilns -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Blacksmithing -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Shoe industry -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Sawmills -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Mills and mill-work -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Timberville -- Sources","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Daybooks","Ledgers (account books)","Business records","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","This collection is arranged in two series:","Daybooks and ledgers, 1816-1903 Unbound material, 1843-1893","Jonassen, Diane.  German Influences on the Early Arts in the Shenandoah Valley . Harrisonburg: James Madison University, 1981.","Miller, Gordon.  Rockingham: An Annotated Bibliography of a Virginia County . Harrisonburg: Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society, 1989.","Wayland, John W.  A History of Rockingham County . Dayton: Ruebush-Elkins, 1912.","John Zigler (b. 1786) moved to Timberville in Rockingham County, Virginia in 1814. In this year, he also opened a tannery, which was known as the largest and best in the Shenandoah Valley by the year of his death in 1856. Along with his tannery, he also started a pottery business in 1830, and later opened a hemp mill. John Zigler was also part of a project to build a free bridge across the Shenandoah River in 1833. Zigler and his family were also affiliated with the Church of the Brethern (Dunkers).","The Stricklers purchased the John Zigler daybooks at the M. Otto Zigler estate sale held by Green Valley Auctions, Inc. on August 11, 1990.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3025.","The ledger acquired from Crown Collectibles was added to the collection in April 2022.","The Robert H. and Lorraine Strickler Collection of John Zigler Daybooks, 1816-1903, consists consists primarily of 19 daybooks and ledgers from the John Zigler tannery and pottery businesses in Timberville in Rockingham County, Virginia. Additional materials include photographs, notes, letters, and loose financial accounts.","Series 1: Daybooks and Ledgers, 1816-1903, contains daybooks and ledgers numbered consecutively according to date. These daybooks include references to Henry Jordan as tanner, Andrew Coffman as potter, use of dollars and pounds, references to hauling hides from Winchester, references to milling hemp, reference to death of John Zigler Sr., and references to the pottery kiln, saw mill, and tons of hay. Daybooks record transactions chronologically; ledgers group transactions under individual account names. Entries made throughout ledgers and daybooks refer to the purchasing of hides and bark. Entries relating to purchasing hemp begin around 1826; entries mentioning pottery and a saw mill begin around 1830. Entries relating to the \"sharping\" of shovels and removing of shoes suggest the presence of a blacksmith. Many entries also suggest the presence of a shoemaker. The later years of the ledgers seem to document a change to a farm supply or general store. Many entries relate to dry goods or to agricultural products and methods such as hay and threshing. Of particular interest is the simultaneous use of both pounds and dollars until around 1845. Also, two types of entries can be found throughout the ledgers and daybooks relating to African Americans. The name of a person is sometimes followed by \"black\" or \"blackman;\" or a name may be followed by \"by his blackman\" or \"blackboy.\" Many inserts were found in apparently random order in the daybooks and ledgers. Some were merely scraps for calculating numbers, while others contained account information. Unless there was a connection between an insert and the pages where it was found, it was filed in a folder. There is also one undated photograph thought to be of the kiln. Oversize daybooks are included in this series and contain accounts of Daniel Zigler and references to buying calfskins in Baltimore.","Series 2: Unbound Material, 1843-1893, consists of financial accounts of the Zigler family, notes, memos, and a photograph of Zigler's Timberville kiln.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Robert H. and Lorraine Strickler Collection of John Zigler Daybooks, 1816-1903, consists chiefly of daybooks and ledgers related to the John Zigler tannery and pottery businesses in Rockingham County, Virginia. Additional materials include photographs, notes, letters, and loose accounts.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Crown Collectibles","Zigler Tannery (Timberville, Va.)","Zigler family","Zigler, John, 1786-1856","Strickler, Robert H. (Robert \"Twig\" Hopkins), 1928-2019","Strickler, Lorraine Warren, 1932-","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0128","/repositories/4/resources/275"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert H. and Lorraine Strickler Collection of John Zigler Daybooks"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert H. and Lorraine Strickler Collection of John Zigler Daybooks"],"collection_ssim":["Robert H. and Lorraine Strickler Collection of John Zigler Daybooks"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Timberville (Va.) -- History","Timberville (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Timberville (Va.) -- History","Timberville (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["Zigler, John, 1786-1856","Strickler, Robert H. (Robert \"Twig\" Hopkins), 1928-2019","Strickler, Lorraine Warren, 1932-","Crown Collectibles"],"creator_ssim":["Zigler, John, 1786-1856","Strickler, Robert H. (Robert \"Twig\" Hopkins), 1928-2019","Strickler, Lorraine Warren, 1932-","Crown Collectibles"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Zigler, John, 1786-1856","Strickler, Robert H. (Robert \"Twig\" Hopkins), 1928-2019","Strickler, Lorraine Warren, 1932-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Crown Collectibles"],"creators_ssim":["Zigler, John, 1786-1856","Strickler, Robert H. (Robert \"Twig\" Hopkins), 1928-2019","Strickler, Lorraine Warren, 1932-","Crown Collectibles"],"places_ssim":["Timberville (Va.) -- History","Timberville (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Virginia -- History, Local"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Robert H. \"Twig\" and Lorraine Strickler donated this collection to Carrier Library in December 1990.","In March 2022, Special Collections aquired from Crown Collectibles a ledger/daybook (Daybook/Ledger 19) belonging to the same John Zigler."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Account books -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanners -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","African Americans -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Farm supply industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","General stores -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Agricultural industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Hides and skins -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Bark -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Hemp -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Pottery, American -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Pottery kilns -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Blacksmithing -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Shoe industry -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Sawmills -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Mills and mill-work -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Timberville -- Sources","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Daybooks","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Account books -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanners -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","African Americans -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Farm supply industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","General stores -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Agricultural industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Hides and skins -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Bark -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Hemp -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Pottery, American -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Pottery kilns -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Blacksmithing -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Shoe industry -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Sawmills -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Mills and mill-work -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Timberville -- Sources","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Daybooks","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.9 cubic feet 7 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2.9 cubic feet 7 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Daybooks","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"date_range_isim":[1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged in two series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eDaybooks and ledgers, 1816-1903\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eUnbound material, 1843-1893\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged in two series:","Daybooks and ledgers, 1816-1903 Unbound material, 1843-1893"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eJonassen, Diane. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eGerman Influences on the Early Arts in the Shenandoah Valley\u003c/emph\u003e. Harrisonburg: James Madison University, 1981.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eMiller, Gordon. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRockingham: An Annotated Bibliography of a Virginia County\u003c/emph\u003e. Harrisonburg: Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society, 1989.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eWayland, John W. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA History of Rockingham County\u003c/emph\u003e. Dayton: Ruebush-Elkins, 1912.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Jonassen, Diane.  German Influences on the Early Arts in the Shenandoah Valley . Harrisonburg: James Madison University, 1981.","Miller, Gordon.  Rockingham: An Annotated Bibliography of a Virginia County . Harrisonburg: Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society, 1989.","Wayland, John W.  A History of Rockingham County . Dayton: Ruebush-Elkins, 1912."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Zigler (b. 1786) moved to Timberville in Rockingham County, Virginia in 1814. In this year, he also opened a tannery, which was known as the largest and best in the Shenandoah Valley by the year of his death in 1856. Along with his tannery, he also started a pottery business in 1830, and later opened a hemp mill. John Zigler was also part of a project to build a free bridge across the Shenandoah River in 1833. Zigler and his family were also affiliated with the Church of the Brethern (Dunkers).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Zigler (b. 1786) moved to Timberville in Rockingham County, Virginia in 1814. In this year, he also opened a tannery, which was known as the largest and best in the Shenandoah Valley by the year of his death in 1856. Along with his tannery, he also started a pottery business in 1830, and later opened a hemp mill. John Zigler was also part of a project to build a free bridge across the Shenandoah River in 1833. Zigler and his family were also affiliated with the Church of the Brethern (Dunkers)."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Stricklers purchased the John Zigler daybooks at the M. Otto Zigler estate sale held by Green Valley Auctions, Inc. on August 11, 1990.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The Stricklers purchased the John Zigler daybooks at the M. Otto Zigler estate sale held by Green Valley Auctions, Inc. on August 11, 1990."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Robert H. and Lorraine Strickler Collection of John Zigler Daybooks, 1816-1903, SC 0128, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Robert H. and Lorraine Strickler Collection of John Zigler Daybooks, 1816-1903, SC 0128, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 3025.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe ledger acquired from Crown Collectibles was added to the collection in April 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3025.","The ledger acquired from Crown Collectibles was added to the collection in April 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Robert H. and Lorraine Strickler Collection of John Zigler Daybooks, 1816-1903, consists consists primarily of 19 daybooks and ledgers from the John Zigler tannery and pottery businesses in Timberville in Rockingham County, Virginia. Additional materials include photographs, notes, letters, and loose financial accounts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Daybooks and Ledgers, 1816-1903, contains daybooks and ledgers numbered consecutively according to date. These daybooks include references to Henry Jordan as tanner, Andrew Coffman as potter, use of dollars and pounds, references to hauling hides from Winchester, references to milling hemp, reference to death of John Zigler Sr., and references to the pottery kiln, saw mill, and tons of hay. Daybooks record transactions chronologically; ledgers group transactions under individual account names. Entries made throughout ledgers and daybooks refer to the purchasing of hides and bark. Entries relating to purchasing hemp begin around 1826; entries mentioning pottery and a saw mill begin around 1830. Entries relating to the \"sharping\" of shovels and removing of shoes suggest the presence of a blacksmith. Many entries also suggest the presence of a shoemaker. The later years of the ledgers seem to document a change to a farm supply or general store. Many entries relate to dry goods or to agricultural products and methods such as hay and threshing. Of particular interest is the simultaneous use of both pounds and dollars until around 1845. Also, two types of entries can be found throughout the ledgers and daybooks relating to African Americans. The name of a person is sometimes followed by \"black\" or \"blackman;\" or a name may be followed by \"by his blackman\" or \"blackboy.\" Many inserts were found in apparently random order in the daybooks and ledgers. Some were merely scraps for calculating numbers, while others contained account information. Unless there was a connection between an insert and the pages where it was found, it was filed in a folder. There is also one undated photograph thought to be of the kiln. Oversize daybooks are included in this series and contain accounts of Daniel Zigler and references to buying calfskins in Baltimore.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Unbound Material, 1843-1893, consists of financial accounts of the Zigler family, notes, memos, and a photograph of Zigler's Timberville kiln.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Robert H. and Lorraine Strickler Collection of John Zigler Daybooks, 1816-1903, consists consists primarily of 19 daybooks and ledgers from the John Zigler tannery and pottery businesses in Timberville in Rockingham County, Virginia. Additional materials include photographs, notes, letters, and loose financial accounts.","Series 1: Daybooks and Ledgers, 1816-1903, contains daybooks and ledgers numbered consecutively according to date. These daybooks include references to Henry Jordan as tanner, Andrew Coffman as potter, use of dollars and pounds, references to hauling hides from Winchester, references to milling hemp, reference to death of John Zigler Sr., and references to the pottery kiln, saw mill, and tons of hay. Daybooks record transactions chronologically; ledgers group transactions under individual account names. Entries made throughout ledgers and daybooks refer to the purchasing of hides and bark. Entries relating to purchasing hemp begin around 1826; entries mentioning pottery and a saw mill begin around 1830. Entries relating to the \"sharping\" of shovels and removing of shoes suggest the presence of a blacksmith. Many entries also suggest the presence of a shoemaker. The later years of the ledgers seem to document a change to a farm supply or general store. Many entries relate to dry goods or to agricultural products and methods such as hay and threshing. Of particular interest is the simultaneous use of both pounds and dollars until around 1845. Also, two types of entries can be found throughout the ledgers and daybooks relating to African Americans. The name of a person is sometimes followed by \"black\" or \"blackman;\" or a name may be followed by \"by his blackman\" or \"blackboy.\" Many inserts were found in apparently random order in the daybooks and ledgers. Some were merely scraps for calculating numbers, while others contained account information. Unless there was a connection between an insert and the pages where it was found, it was filed in a folder. There is also one undated photograph thought to be of the kiln. Oversize daybooks are included in this series and contain accounts of Daniel Zigler and references to buying calfskins in Baltimore.","Series 2: Unbound Material, 1843-1893, consists of financial accounts of the Zigler family, notes, memos, and a photograph of Zigler's Timberville kiln."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0f17978a4786b00a8c40e38435169af3\"\u003eThe Robert H. and Lorraine Strickler Collection of John Zigler Daybooks, 1816-1903, consists chiefly of daybooks and ledgers related to the John Zigler tannery and pottery businesses in Rockingham County, Virginia. Additional materials include photographs, notes, letters, and loose accounts.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Robert H. and Lorraine Strickler Collection of John Zigler Daybooks, 1816-1903, consists chiefly of daybooks and ledgers related to the John Zigler tannery and pottery businesses in Rockingham County, Virginia. Additional materials include photographs, notes, letters, and loose accounts."],"names_coll_ssim":["Crown Collectibles","Zigler Tannery (Timberville, Va.)","Zigler family","Strickler, Robert H. (Robert \"Twig\" Hopkins), 1928-2019","Strickler, Lorraine Warren, 1932-"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Crown Collectibles","Zigler Tannery (Timberville, Va.)","Zigler family","Zigler, John, 1786-1856","Strickler, Robert H. (Robert \"Twig\" Hopkins), 1928-2019","Strickler, Lorraine Warren, 1932-"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Crown Collectibles","Zigler Tannery (Timberville, Va.)"],"famname_ssim":["Zigler family"],"persname_ssim":["Zigler, John, 1786-1856","Strickler, Robert H. (Robert \"Twig\" Hopkins), 1928-2019","Strickler, Lorraine Warren, 1932-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":25,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:59:16.484Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_275"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University","value":"James Madison 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