{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Drawing\u0026view=list","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Drawing\u0026page=2\u0026view=list","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Drawing\u0026page=2\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":2,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":11,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_682","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Elizabeth Tatham scrapbook","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_682#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Firth, Elizabeth Walker (Elizabeth Walker Tatham), approximately 1849-1916","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_682#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Late Victorian-era scrapbook created by Elizabeth Tatham of Leeds, Yorkshire, England containing original drawings, handwritten copies of poems, autograph signatures, and various pasted-in illustrated clippings.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_682#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_682","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_682","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_682","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_682","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_682.xml","title_ssm":["Elizabeth Tatham scrapbook"],"title_tesim":["Elizabeth Tatham scrapbook"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1867-1873"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1867-1873"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0394","/repositories/2/resources/682"],"text":["C0394","/repositories/2/resources/682","Elizabeth Tatham scrapbook","Leeds (England)","Scrapbooking","Drawing","Scrapbooks","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","\"Elizabeth Walker Tatham (1849–Deceased).\" n.d. FamilySearch. Accessed October 4, 2023. https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/GMQX-ZYY/elizabeth-walker-tatham-1849.","\"The History of Scrapbooking.\" n.d. Scrapbook.Com. Accessed October 4, 2023. https://www.scrapbook.com/articles/history-of-scrapbooking.","\"The History of Scrapbooks.\" 2019. CSUN University Library. October 22, 2019. https://library.csun.edu/SCA/Peek-in-the-Stacks/scrapbooking.","Elizabeth Walker Tatham was born circa 1849 in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England to George Tatham and Hannah Marie Walker. Elizabeth was the youngest of three sisters all very close in age, with eldest Annie Sophia Tatham born circa 1847 and middle sister Georgiana Tatham born circa 1848. Her father worked as a leather manufacturer and served as the Mayor of Leeds from 1879-1889. Elizabeth married Joseph Bottomley Firth on September 17, 1873 and does not appear to have had any children.","Variations on the practice of scrapbooking date as far back as the 14th century when it was popular for upper-class members of European society to keep a bound journal of blank pages, known as a commonplace book, that served as a place for the owner to write informal notes taken from a variety of sources in one place. With the introduction of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the 1440s, books and other printed materials became more accessible, increasing the use of the commonplace book as a way to organize the rapid growth of available information. While initially used primarily by men, women soon began keeping their own commonplace books filled with religious passages, recipes, and interesting quotations.","By the 1800s, as the availability and types of printed materials expanded, the role of the commonplace book shifted, with owners now filling them with clippings, poetry, drawings, and other various \"scraps\" of printed material, including greeting, calling, and prayer cards. As the focus of these new scrapbooks shifted from academic interests to social interests and preservation of family materials, by the late 1800s the practice of \"scrapbooking\" had become a predominantly female hobby.","The first recorded use of the term \"scrap book\" as noun to describe these books with blank pages for pasting items is believed to be in 1821, with the two words morphing naturally overtime into the now common \"scrapbook\". The first use of the word as a verb to describe the practice itself was recorded in 1879.","Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from September - October 2023.","The Special Collections Research center also holds other scrapbooks such as the   Lenora Little scrapbook   and the   Jerome Lawlor World War II scrapbook  .","Late Victorian-era scrapbook created by Elizabeth Tatham of Leeds, Yorkshire, England containing original pencil, pen and ink, and watercolor drawings, handwritten copies of poems, riddles and jokes, pasted-in illustrated clippings, and autograph signatures. Dated 1867 on the first page, accompanied with Elizabeth's signature, but most illustrations and poems are dated 1868 and dates of signatures range from 1867-1873. Many of the drawings are initialed with variations of \"G.T.\" without further identification. Clipped signature pages include numerous contemporary political figures, such as Lord Amberley (John Russell, Viscount Amberley), W.E. 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October 22, 2019. https://library.csun.edu/SCA/Peek-in-the-Stacks/scrapbooking."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eElizabeth Walker Tatham was born circa 1849 in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England to George Tatham and Hannah Marie Walker. Elizabeth was the youngest of three sisters all very close in age, with eldest Annie Sophia Tatham born circa 1847 and middle sister Georgiana Tatham born circa 1848. Her father worked as a leather manufacturer and served as the Mayor of Leeds from 1879-1889. Elizabeth married Joseph Bottomley Firth on September 17, 1873 and does not appear to have had any children.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVariations on the practice of scrapbooking date as far back as the 14th century when it was popular for upper-class members of European society to keep a bound journal of blank pages, known as a commonplace book, that served as a place for the owner to write informal notes taken from a variety of sources in one place. With the introduction of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the 1440s, books and other printed materials became more accessible, increasing the use of the commonplace book as a way to organize the rapid growth of available information. While initially used primarily by men, women soon began keeping their own commonplace books filled with religious passages, recipes, and interesting quotations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy the 1800s, as the availability and types of printed materials expanded, the role of the commonplace book shifted, with owners now filling them with clippings, poetry, drawings, and other various \"scraps\" of printed material, including greeting, calling, and prayer cards. 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Her father worked as a leather manufacturer and served as the Mayor of Leeds from 1879-1889. Elizabeth married Joseph Bottomley Firth on September 17, 1873 and does not appear to have had any children.","Variations on the practice of scrapbooking date as far back as the 14th century when it was popular for upper-class members of European society to keep a bound journal of blank pages, known as a commonplace book, that served as a place for the owner to write informal notes taken from a variety of sources in one place. With the introduction of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the 1440s, books and other printed materials became more accessible, increasing the use of the commonplace book as a way to organize the rapid growth of available information. 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The first use of the word as a verb to describe the practice itself was recorded in 1879."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eElizabeth Tatham scrapbook, C0394, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Elizabeth Tatham scrapbook, C0394, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from September - October 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from September - October 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research center also holds other scrapbooks such as the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0326\"\u003e Lenora Little scrapbook \u003c/a\u003e and the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0318\"\u003e Jerome Lawlor World War II scrapbook \u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research center also holds other scrapbooks such as the   Lenora Little scrapbook   and the   Jerome Lawlor World War II scrapbook  ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLate Victorian-era scrapbook created by Elizabeth Tatham of Leeds, Yorkshire, England containing original pencil, pen and ink, and watercolor drawings, handwritten copies of poems, riddles and jokes, pasted-in illustrated clippings, and autograph signatures. Dated 1867 on the first page, accompanied with Elizabeth's signature, but most illustrations and poems are dated 1868 and dates of signatures range from 1867-1873. Many of the drawings are initialed with variations of \"G.T.\" without further identification. Clipped signature pages include numerous contemporary political figures, such as Lord Amberley (John Russell, Viscount Amberley), W.E. Gladstone, Sir Andrew Fairbairn, and Sir Thomas Bazley. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe exterior of the book is red leather with gold boarder design and marbled interior endpapers. Inside, several pages have been cut out and some pages appear to have missing items that were pasted, but have since been removed or fallen out, and there are a few loose poems and drawings placed in between pages.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Late Victorian-era scrapbook created by Elizabeth Tatham of Leeds, Yorkshire, England containing original pencil, pen and ink, and watercolor drawings, handwritten copies of poems, riddles and jokes, pasted-in illustrated clippings, and autograph signatures. Dated 1867 on the first page, accompanied with Elizabeth's signature, but most illustrations and poems are dated 1868 and dates of signatures range from 1867-1873. Many of the drawings are initialed with variations of \"G.T.\" without further identification. Clipped signature pages include numerous contemporary political figures, such as Lord Amberley (John Russell, Viscount Amberley), W.E. Gladstone, Sir Andrew Fairbairn, and Sir Thomas Bazley. ","The exterior of the book is red leather with gold boarder design and marbled interior endpapers. Inside, several pages have been cut out and some pages appear to have missing items that were pasted, but have since been removed or fallen out, and there are a few loose poems and drawings placed in between pages."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain. There are no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1ab24aa3520bcbcad8fe7ffa049f8246\"\u003eLate Victorian-era scrapbook created by Elizabeth Tatham of Leeds, Yorkshire, England containing original drawings, handwritten copies of poems, autograph signatures, and various pasted-in illustrated clippings.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Late Victorian-era scrapbook created by Elizabeth Tatham of Leeds, Yorkshire, England containing original drawings, handwritten copies of poems, autograph signatures, and various pasted-in illustrated clippings."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_0299488b7e89f594bca28597dadf5945\"\u003eR 72, C 2, S 5\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["R 72, C 2, S 5"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Firth, Elizabeth Walker (Elizabeth Walker Tatham), approximately 1849-1916"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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Her father worked as a leather manufacturer and served as the Mayor of Leeds from 1879-1889. Elizabeth married Joseph Bottomley Firth on September 17, 1873 and does not appear to have had any children.","Variations on the practice of scrapbooking date as far back as the 14th century when it was popular for upper-class members of European society to keep a bound journal of blank pages, known as a commonplace book, that served as a place for the owner to write informal notes taken from a variety of sources in one place. With the introduction of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the 1440s, books and other printed materials became more accessible, increasing the use of the commonplace book as a way to organize the rapid growth of available information. While initially used primarily by men, women soon began keeping their own commonplace books filled with religious passages, recipes, and interesting quotations.","By the 1800s, as the availability and types of printed materials expanded, the role of the commonplace book shifted, with owners now filling them with clippings, poetry, drawings, and other various \"scraps\" of printed material, including greeting, calling, and prayer cards. As the focus of these new scrapbooks shifted from academic interests to social interests and preservation of family materials, by the late 1800s the practice of \"scrapbooking\" had become a predominantly female hobby.","The first recorded use of the term \"scrap book\" as noun to describe these books with blank pages for pasting items is believed to be in 1821, with the two words morphing naturally overtime into the now common \"scrapbook\". The first use of the word as a verb to describe the practice itself was recorded in 1879."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eElizabeth Tatham scrapbook, C0394, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Elizabeth Tatham scrapbook, C0394, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from September - October 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from September - October 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research center also holds other scrapbooks such as the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0326\"\u003e Lenora Little scrapbook \u003c/a\u003e and the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0318\"\u003e Jerome Lawlor World War II scrapbook \u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research center also holds other scrapbooks such as the   Lenora Little scrapbook   and the   Jerome Lawlor World War II scrapbook  ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLate Victorian-era scrapbook created by Elizabeth Tatham of Leeds, Yorkshire, England containing original pencil, pen and ink, and watercolor drawings, handwritten copies of poems, riddles and jokes, pasted-in illustrated clippings, and autograph signatures. Dated 1867 on the first page, accompanied with Elizabeth's signature, but most illustrations and poems are dated 1868 and dates of signatures range from 1867-1873. Many of the drawings are initialed with variations of \"G.T.\" without further identification. Clipped signature pages include numerous contemporary political figures, such as Lord Amberley (John Russell, Viscount Amberley), W.E. Gladstone, Sir Andrew Fairbairn, and Sir Thomas Bazley. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe exterior of the book is red leather with gold boarder design and marbled interior endpapers. Inside, several pages have been cut out and some pages appear to have missing items that were pasted, but have since been removed or fallen out, and there are a few loose poems and drawings placed in between pages.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Late Victorian-era scrapbook created by Elizabeth Tatham of Leeds, Yorkshire, England containing original pencil, pen and ink, and watercolor drawings, handwritten copies of poems, riddles and jokes, pasted-in illustrated clippings, and autograph signatures. Dated 1867 on the first page, accompanied with Elizabeth's signature, but most illustrations and poems are dated 1868 and dates of signatures range from 1867-1873. Many of the drawings are initialed with variations of \"G.T.\" without further identification. Clipped signature pages include numerous contemporary political figures, such as Lord Amberley (John Russell, Viscount Amberley), W.E. Gladstone, Sir Andrew Fairbairn, and Sir Thomas Bazley. ","The exterior of the book is red leather with gold boarder design and marbled interior endpapers. Inside, several pages have been cut out and some pages appear to have missing items that were pasted, but have since been removed or fallen out, and there are a few loose poems and drawings placed in between pages."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain. There are no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1ab24aa3520bcbcad8fe7ffa049f8246\"\u003eLate Victorian-era scrapbook created by Elizabeth Tatham of Leeds, Yorkshire, England containing original drawings, handwritten copies of poems, autograph signatures, and various pasted-in illustrated clippings.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Late Victorian-era scrapbook created by Elizabeth Tatham of Leeds, Yorkshire, England containing original drawings, handwritten copies of poems, autograph signatures, and various pasted-in illustrated clippings."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_0299488b7e89f594bca28597dadf5945\"\u003eR 72, C 2, S 5\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["R 72, C 2, S 5"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Firth, Elizabeth Walker (Elizabeth Walker Tatham), approximately 1849-1916"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Firth, Elizabeth Walker (Elizabeth Walker Tatham), approximately 1849-1916"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:30:39.946Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_682"}},{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02_c01","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Hope and Reflections Sketch","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02_c01","ref_ssm":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02_c01"],"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02_c01","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02","parent_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02","parent_ssim":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08","virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08","virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers","Series 8: Art and Printmaking","Sub-Series 8.2: Wigfall Studies and Sketches"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers","Series 8: Art and Printmaking","Sub-Series 8.2: Wigfall Studies and Sketches"],"text":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers","Series 8: Art and Printmaking","Sub-Series 8.2: Wigfall Studies and Sketches","Hope and Reflections Sketch","Paper","Drawing","English","Item VA12.08.2.001","Digitization has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities.","In Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ ©Benjamin Wigfall Estate. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce this material for educational and publicity purposes only by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate."],"title_filing_ssi":"Hope and Reflections Sketch","title_ssm":["Hope and Reflections Sketch"],"title_tesim":["Hope and Reflections Sketch"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Hope and Reflections Sketch"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers"],"physdesc_tesim":["Paper"],"extent_ssm":["1 item"],"extent_tesim":["1 item"],"physfacet_tesim":["Preliminary sketches (sketches)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":307,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["In Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ ©Benjamin Wigfall Estate. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce this material for educational and publicity purposes only by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Drawing"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Drawing"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello."],"language_ssim":["English"],"containers_ssim":["Item VA12.08.2.001"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigitization has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Digitization has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_heading_ssm":["Preferred Citation"],"prefercite_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ ©Benjamin Wigfall Estate. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce this material for educational and publicity purposes only by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["In Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ ©Benjamin Wigfall Estate. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce this material for educational and publicity purposes only by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate."],"_nest_path_":"/components#7/components#1/components#0","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:49:10.047Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_465.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/465","title_filing_ssi":"Wigfall, Benjamin (VA-12)","title_ssm":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers"],"title_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1880-2023"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1880-2023"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["VA-12","/repositories/2/resources/465"],"text":["VA-12","/repositories/2/resources/465","Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers","Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints).","The collection is open for research.","The collection is organized into 10 series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.","Series 1 Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944-2023 Series 2 Mary Carter Wigfall, 1949-2017 Series 3 Wigfall Family Records, 1944-2014 Series 4 Communications Village, 1880-1980 Series 5 Watermark/Cargo Gallery, 1969-2004 Series 6 Migrant Children's Center, 1965-1999 Series 7 New York, 1917-2018 Series 8 Art and Printmaking, 1951-1993 Series 9 Photography Projects - Communications Village, 1970s-2000s Series 10 Other Artists and Friends, 1949-2020","Benjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy. ","After receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design. ","Wigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York.","The collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022.","In 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.","Item-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson.","The collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a  Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License .","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","The collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["VA-12","/repositories/2/resources/465"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creator_ssm":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020"],"creator_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020"],"creators_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a  Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License .","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints)."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints)."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["21.875 Linear Feet 50 boxes; 63 folders"],"extent_tesim":["21.875 Linear Feet 50 boxes; 63 folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints)."],"date_range_isim":[1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into 10 series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eBenjamin L. Wigfall, 1944-2023\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMary Carter Wigfall, 1949-2017\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWigfall Family Records, 1944-2014\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCommunications Village, 1880-1980\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWatermark/Cargo Gallery, 1969-2004\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 6\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMigrant Children's Center, 1965-1999\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 7\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNew York, 1917-2018\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 8\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eArt and Printmaking, 1951-1993\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 9\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhotography Projects - Communications Village, 1970s-2000s\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 10\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eOther Artists and Friends, 1949-2020\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into 10 series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.","Series 1 Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944-2023 Series 2 Mary Carter Wigfall, 1949-2017 Series 3 Wigfall Family Records, 1944-2014 Series 4 Communications Village, 1880-1980 Series 5 Watermark/Cargo Gallery, 1969-2004 Series 6 Migrant Children's Center, 1965-1999 Series 7 New York, 1917-2018 Series 8 Art and Printmaking, 1951-1993 Series 9 Photography Projects - Communications Village, 1970s-2000s Series 10 Other Artists and Friends, 1949-2020"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy. ","After receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design. ","Wigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.","Item-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/\"\u003eCreative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTransmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a  Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License .","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4aa27f66a6c0c2bf8444280ed5caacf4\"\u003eThe collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992."],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"names_coll_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020"],"persname_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":397,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:49:10.047Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02_c01"}},{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02_c02","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Hope and Reflections Sketch","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02_c02","ref_ssm":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02_c02"],"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02_c02","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02","parent_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02","parent_ssim":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08","virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08","virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers","Series 8: Art and Printmaking","Sub-Series 8.2: Wigfall Studies and Sketches"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers","Series 8: Art and Printmaking","Sub-Series 8.2: Wigfall Studies and Sketches"],"text":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers","Series 8: Art and Printmaking","Sub-Series 8.2: Wigfall Studies and Sketches","Hope and Reflections Sketch","Paper","Drawing","English","Item VA12.08.2.002","Digitization has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities.","In Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ ©Benjamin Wigfall Estate. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce this material for educational and publicity purposes only by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate."],"title_filing_ssi":"Hope and Reflections Sketch","title_ssm":["Hope and Reflections Sketch"],"title_tesim":["Hope and Reflections Sketch"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Hope and Reflections Sketch"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers"],"physdesc_tesim":["Paper"],"extent_ssm":["1 item"],"extent_tesim":["1 item"],"physfacet_tesim":["Preliminary sketches (sketches)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":308,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["In Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ ©Benjamin Wigfall Estate. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce this material for educational and publicity purposes only by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Drawing"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Drawing"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello."],"language_ssim":["English"],"containers_ssim":["Item VA12.08.2.002"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigitization has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Digitization has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_heading_ssm":["Preferred Citation"],"prefercite_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ ©Benjamin Wigfall Estate. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce this material for educational and publicity purposes only by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["In Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ ©Benjamin Wigfall Estate. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce this material for educational and publicity purposes only by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate."],"_nest_path_":"/components#7/components#1/components#1","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:49:10.047Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_465.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/465","title_filing_ssi":"Wigfall, Benjamin (VA-12)","title_ssm":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers"],"title_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1880-2023"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1880-2023"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["VA-12","/repositories/2/resources/465"],"text":["VA-12","/repositories/2/resources/465","Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers","Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints).","The collection is open for research.","The collection is organized into 10 series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.","Series 1 Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944-2023 Series 2 Mary Carter Wigfall, 1949-2017 Series 3 Wigfall Family Records, 1944-2014 Series 4 Communications Village, 1880-1980 Series 5 Watermark/Cargo Gallery, 1969-2004 Series 6 Migrant Children's Center, 1965-1999 Series 7 New York, 1917-2018 Series 8 Art and Printmaking, 1951-1993 Series 9 Photography Projects - Communications Village, 1970s-2000s Series 10 Other Artists and Friends, 1949-2020","Benjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy. ","After receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design. ","Wigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York.","The collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022.","In 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.","Item-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson.","The collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a  Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License .","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","The collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. 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Other digitized content is licensed for use under a  Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License .","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints)."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints)."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["21.875 Linear Feet 50 boxes; 63 folders"],"extent_tesim":["21.875 Linear Feet 50 boxes; 63 folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints)."],"date_range_isim":[1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into 10 series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eBenjamin L. Wigfall, 1944-2023\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMary Carter Wigfall, 1949-2017\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWigfall Family Records, 1944-2014\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCommunications Village, 1880-1980\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWatermark/Cargo Gallery, 1969-2004\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 6\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMigrant Children's Center, 1965-1999\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 7\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNew York, 1917-2018\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 8\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eArt and Printmaking, 1951-1993\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 9\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhotography Projects - Communications Village, 1970s-2000s\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 10\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eOther Artists and Friends, 1949-2020\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into 10 series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.","Series 1 Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944-2023 Series 2 Mary Carter Wigfall, 1949-2017 Series 3 Wigfall Family Records, 1944-2014 Series 4 Communications Village, 1880-1980 Series 5 Watermark/Cargo Gallery, 1969-2004 Series 6 Migrant Children's Center, 1965-1999 Series 7 New York, 1917-2018 Series 8 Art and Printmaking, 1951-1993 Series 9 Photography Projects - Communications Village, 1970s-2000s Series 10 Other Artists and Friends, 1949-2020"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy. ","After receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design. ","Wigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.","Item-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/\"\u003eCreative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTransmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a  Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License .","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4aa27f66a6c0c2bf8444280ed5caacf4\"\u003eThe collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992."],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"names_coll_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020"],"persname_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":397,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:49:10.047Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02_c02"}},{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_533_c02","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Ireland sketchbook","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_533_c02#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis scrapbook contains a mixture of prints and sketches mostly of places in Ireland. One half of the book consists of pencil sketches and one watercolor by Mary MacMillan. Most of the engraving prints, including one of Edinburgh, Scotland, are by artist James Howard Burgess (J. H. Burgess). Also included are two newspaper cutouts not pasted, likely collected for the print art.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_533_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_533_c02","ref_ssm":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_533_c02"],"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_533_c02","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_533","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_533","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_533","parent_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_533","parent_ssim":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_533"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_533"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["MacMillan Albums"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["MacMillan Albums"],"text":["MacMillan Albums","Ireland sketchbook","MacMillan Family","McMillan Family","MacMillan Family","McMillan Family","Burgess, James Howard (J.H.), 1817-1890","MacMillan, Mary Shields, b. ca. 1800- d. ca. 1887","Burgess, James Howard (J.H.), 1817-1890","Ireland","Scotland--Edinburgh","Drawing","Engraving, British","Watercolor painting","English .","box 1","folder 1","This scrapbook contains a mixture of prints and sketches mostly of places in Ireland.  One half of the book consists of pencil sketches and one watercolor by Mary MacMillan.  Most of the engraving prints, including one of Edinburgh, Scotland, are by artist James Howard Burgess (J. H. Burgess).  Also included are two newspaper cutouts not pasted, likely collected for the print art."],"title_filing_ssi":"Ireland sketchbook","title_ssm":["Ireland sketchbook"],"title_tesim":["Ireland sketchbook"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1843-1844"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1843/1844"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ireland sketchbook"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"collection_ssim":["MacMillan Albums"],"extent_ssm":["1 Item"],"extent_tesim":["1 Item"],"creator_ssim":["MacMillan, Mary Shields, b. ca. 1800- d. ca. 1887"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":2,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research use."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"date_range_isim":[1843,1844],"names_ssim":["MacMillan Family","McMillan Family","MacMillan Family","McMillan Family","Burgess, James Howard (J.H.), 1817-1890","MacMillan, Mary Shields, b. ca. 1800- d. ca. 1887","Burgess, James Howard (J.H.), 1817-1890"],"famname_ssim":["MacMillan Family","McMillan Family"],"persname_ssim":["MacMillan, Mary Shields, b. ca. 1800- d. ca. 1887","Burgess, James Howard (J.H.), 1817-1890"],"geogname_ssim":["Ireland","Scotland--Edinburgh"],"geogname_ssm":["Ireland","Scotland--Edinburgh"],"places_ssim":["Ireland","Scotland--Edinburgh"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Drawing","Engraving, British","Watercolor painting"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Drawing","Engraving, British","Watercolor painting"],"language_ssim":["English ."],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 1"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis scrapbook contains a mixture of prints and sketches mostly of places in Ireland.  One half of the book consists of pencil sketches and one watercolor by Mary MacMillan.  Most of the engraving prints, including one of Edinburgh, Scotland, are by artist James Howard Burgess (J. H. Burgess).  Also included are two newspaper cutouts not pasted, likely collected for the print art.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This scrapbook contains a mixture of prints and sketches mostly of places in Ireland.  One half of the book consists of pencil sketches and one watercolor by Mary MacMillan.  Most of the engraving prints, including one of Edinburgh, Scotland, are by artist James Howard Burgess (J. H. Burgess).  Also included are two newspaper cutouts not pasted, likely collected for the print art."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1","timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:55:05.051Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_533","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_533","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_533","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_533","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_533.xml","title_ssm":["MacMillan Albums"],"title_tesim":["MacMillan Albums"],"unitdate_ssm":["Inclusive 1843-1851"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Inclusive 1843-1851"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.0266","/repositories/5/resources/533"],"text":["WLU.Coll.0266","/repositories/5/resources/533","MacMillan Albums","Scotland","Ireland","Poetry","Painting","Drawing","Watercolor painting","Mica","Mica Painting","Company painting","Calligraphy","Sketchbooks \u0026 albums","This collection is open for research use.","The two creators of this collection were Mary Margaret MacMillan nee Campbell, and her son Charles Newton MacMillan of Scotland.  Margaret MacMillan was born around the beginning of the nineteenth century and made/collected the contents of the sketchbook of Ireland and the commonplace book.  The mica paintings likely come from Mary's son Charles during his time in India as a British soldier.  After his time in the British service, he emigrated to Virginia in the United States, eventually to a the Fancy Hill vicinity of Rockbridge County, Virginia.","This collection consists of three scrapbooks with contents compiled by Mary MacMillan and her son Charles MacMillan.  The first contains scenes from a trip to Ireland, containing Mary MacMillan's pencil sketches of scenes and prints of Ireland mostly by James Howard Burgess.  The second contains poetry and calligraphy from Mary MacMillan and others as well as collections of dried and pressed marine marine algae or seaweed, watercolors sketches and cartoons.  The third consists of mica paintings made in India for British tourists, and were most likely collected by Mary's son Charles.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","McMillan Family","MacMillan Family","MacMillan, Mary Shields, b. ca. 1800- d. ca. 1887","MacMillan, Charles Newton, 1820-1898","Burgess, James Howard (J.H.), 1817-1890","English \n.    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The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These albums were a gift of Reverend H. Middleton Raynal."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Poetry","Painting","Drawing","Watercolor painting","Mica","Mica Painting","Company painting","Calligraphy","Sketchbooks \u0026 albums"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Poetry","Painting","Drawing","Watercolor painting","Mica","Mica Painting","Company painting","Calligraphy","Sketchbooks \u0026 albums"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 Item"],"extent_tesim":["3 Item"],"genreform_ssim":["Sketchbooks \u0026 albums"],"date_range_isim":[1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe two creators of this collection were Mary Margaret MacMillan nee Campbell, and her son Charles Newton MacMillan of Scotland.  Margaret MacMillan was born around the beginning of the nineteenth century and made/collected the contents of the sketchbook of Ireland and the commonplace book.  The mica paintings likely come from Mary's son Charles during his time in India as a British soldier.  After his time in the British service, he emigrated to Virginia in the United States, eventually to a the Fancy Hill vicinity of Rockbridge County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The two creators of this collection were Mary Margaret MacMillan nee Campbell, and her son Charles Newton MacMillan of Scotland.  Margaret MacMillan was born around the beginning of the nineteenth century and made/collected the contents of the sketchbook of Ireland and the commonplace book.  The mica paintings likely come from Mary's son Charles during his time in India as a British soldier.  After his time in the British service, he emigrated to Virginia in the United States, eventually to a the Fancy Hill vicinity of Rockbridge County, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePreferred citation: [Identification of item], MacMillan Albums, WLU Coll. 0266, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA\u003cp\u003eIn some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Preferred citation: [Identification of item], MacMillan Albums, WLU Coll. 0266, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA In some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of three scrapbooks with contents compiled by Mary MacMillan and her son Charles MacMillan.  The first contains scenes from a trip to Ireland, containing Mary MacMillan's pencil sketches of scenes and prints of Ireland mostly by James Howard Burgess.  The second contains poetry and calligraphy from Mary MacMillan and others as well as collections of dried and pressed marine marine algae or seaweed, watercolors sketches and cartoons.  The third consists of mica paintings made in India for British tourists, and were most likely collected by Mary's son Charles.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of three scrapbooks with contents compiled by Mary MacMillan and her son Charles MacMillan.  The first contains scenes from a trip to Ireland, containing Mary MacMillan's pencil sketches of scenes and prints of Ireland mostly by James Howard Burgess.  The second contains poetry and calligraphy from Mary MacMillan and others as well as collections of dried and pressed marine marine algae or seaweed, watercolors sketches and cartoons.  The third consists of mica paintings made in India for British tourists, and were most likely collected by Mary's son Charles."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","McMillan Family","MacMillan Family","MacMillan, Mary Shields, b. ca. 1800- d. ca. 1887","MacMillan, Charles Newton, 1820-1898","Burgess, James Howard (J.H.), 1817-1890"],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["McMillan Family","MacMillan Family"],"famname_ssim":["McMillan Family","MacMillan Family"],"persname_ssim":["MacMillan, Mary Shields, b. ca. 1800- d. ca. 1887","MacMillan, Charles Newton, 1820-1898","Burgess, James Howard (J.H.), 1817-1890"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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Special Collections Research Center","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_515#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Original pencil drawing of a couple performing the minuet, with accompanying musicians and onlookers, presumably set in a French ball. The drawing is titled \"Le Menuet de la Cour\" which translates from the French to \"The Minuet of the Court.\"","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_515#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_515","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_515","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_515","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_515","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_515.xml","title_ssm":["\"Le Menuet de la Cour\" drawing attributed to Le Couteur"],"title_tesim":["\"Le Menuet de la Cour\" drawing attributed to Le Couteur"],"unitdate_ssm":["1775"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1775"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0455","/repositories/2/resources/515"],"text":["C0455","/repositories/2/resources/515","\"Le Menuet de la Cour\" drawing attributed to Le Couteur","Art","Dance","Drawing","Minuet (Dance)","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. \"Minuet.\" Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., September 18, 2019. https://www.britannica.com/art/minuet. ","The Minuet: An Elegant PhoenixAuthor(s): Julia SuttonSource: Dance Chronicle, 1985, Vol. 8, No. 3/4 (1985), pp. 119-152Published by: Taylor \u0026 Francis, Ltd.Stable URL: http://www.jstor.com/stable/1567579.","The Minuet, or \"le Menuet\" in French, was a couple's dance, and was massively popular in the 17th and 18th century French and English courts. It was especially popular during the reign of Louis XIV of France. The minuet was known for its extremely intricate moves, and was synonymous with etiquette and class ranking. According to dance historian Julia Sutton, \"Following the strictest order of protocol, each couple danced alone before their peers and addressed the Presence (those personages of highest rank who sat at the top of the hall) while, presumably, they entertained each other through their charm and flirtatiousness. The goal was to demonstrate by their exquisite manners, dress, and skill that they were indeed worthy adornments to society; their observers were active participants in the dance as well, judging every step and gesture with the utmost refinement and - should the dancers be truly elegant and charming - with great pleasure.\" The dance was so popular, minuet sequences appeared in operas and symphonies of the day, including Mozart's \"Don Giovanni\" and Handel's \"Berenice.\"","This drawing is roughly 16\" by 20\".","Processing completed by Amanda Brent in September 2020. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in September 2020. This item was formerly part of the Performing Arts Manuscript Materials collection, C0215.","The Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections and materials on the Performing Arts.","Original pencil drawing of a couple performing the minuet, with accompanying musicians and onlookers, presumably set in a French ball. The drawing is titled \"Le Menuet de la Cour\" which translates from the French to \"The Minuet of the Court.\" The drawing is attributed to La Couteur, created circa 1775. There is an inscription on the back from 1819.","Public Domain. There are no known restrictions.","Original pencil drawing of a couple performing the minuet, with accompanying musicians and onlookers, presumably set in a French ball. The drawing is titled \"Le Menuet de la Cour\" which translates from the French to \"The Minuet of the Court.\"","R 72, C 3, S 1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","French \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["C0455","/repositories/2/resources/515"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"Le Menuet de la Cour\" drawing attributed to Le Couteur"],"collection_title_tesim":["\"Le Menuet de la Cour\" drawing attributed to Le Couteur"],"collection_ssim":["\"Le Menuet de la Cour\" drawing attributed to Le Couteur"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Steve Gerber from J and J Lubrano Music Antiquarians on 10/13/2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Art","Dance","Drawing","Minuet (Dance)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Art","Dance","Drawing","Minuet (Dance)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 item"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 item"],"date_range_isim":[1775],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. \"Minuet.\" Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., September 18, 2019. https://www.britannica.com/art/minuet. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Minuet: An Elegant PhoenixAuthor(s): Julia SuttonSource: Dance Chronicle, 1985, Vol. 8, No. 3/4 (1985), pp. 119-152Published by: Taylor \u0026amp; Francis, Ltd.Stable URL: http://www.jstor.com/stable/1567579.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. \"Minuet.\" Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., September 18, 2019. https://www.britannica.com/art/minuet. ","The Minuet: An Elegant PhoenixAuthor(s): Julia SuttonSource: Dance Chronicle, 1985, Vol. 8, No. 3/4 (1985), pp. 119-152Published by: Taylor \u0026 Francis, Ltd.Stable URL: http://www.jstor.com/stable/1567579."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Minuet, or \"le Menuet\" in French, was a couple's dance, and was massively popular in the 17th and 18th century French and English courts. It was especially popular during the reign of Louis XIV of France. The minuet was known for its extremely intricate moves, and was synonymous with etiquette and class ranking. According to dance historian Julia Sutton, \"Following the strictest order of protocol, each couple danced alone before their peers and addressed the Presence (those personages of highest rank who sat at the top of the hall) while, presumably, they entertained each other through their charm and flirtatiousness. The goal was to demonstrate by their exquisite manners, dress, and skill that they were indeed worthy adornments to society; their observers were active participants in the dance as well, judging every step and gesture with the utmost refinement and - should the dancers be truly elegant and charming - with great pleasure.\" The dance was so popular, minuet sequences appeared in operas and symphonies of the day, including Mozart's \"Don Giovanni\" and Handel's \"Berenice.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Minuet, or \"le Menuet\" in French, was a couple's dance, and was massively popular in the 17th and 18th century French and English courts. It was especially popular during the reign of Louis XIV of France. The minuet was known for its extremely intricate moves, and was synonymous with etiquette and class ranking. According to dance historian Julia Sutton, \"Following the strictest order of protocol, each couple danced alone before their peers and addressed the Presence (those personages of highest rank who sat at the top of the hall) while, presumably, they entertained each other through their charm and flirtatiousness. The goal was to demonstrate by their exquisite manners, dress, and skill that they were indeed worthy adornments to society; their observers were active participants in the dance as well, judging every step and gesture with the utmost refinement and - should the dancers be truly elegant and charming - with great pleasure.\" The dance was so popular, minuet sequences appeared in operas and symphonies of the day, including Mozart's \"Don Giovanni\" and Handel's \"Berenice.\""],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis drawing is roughly 16\" by 20\".\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["This drawing is roughly 16\" by 20\"."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Le Menuet de la Cour\" drawing attributed to Le Couteur, C0455, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["\"Le Menuet de la Cour\" drawing attributed to Le Couteur, C0455, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Amanda Brent in September 2020. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in September 2020. This item was formerly part of the Performing Arts Manuscript Materials collection, C0215.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Amanda Brent in September 2020. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in September 2020. This item was formerly part of the Performing Arts Manuscript Materials collection, C0215."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections and materials on the Performing Arts.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections and materials on the Performing Arts."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal pencil drawing of a couple performing the minuet, with accompanying musicians and onlookers, presumably set in a French ball. The drawing is titled \"Le Menuet de la Cour\" which translates from the French to \"The Minuet of the Court.\" The drawing is attributed to La Couteur, created circa 1775. There is an inscription on the back from 1819.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Original pencil drawing of a couple performing the minuet, with accompanying musicians and onlookers, presumably set in a French ball. The drawing is titled \"Le Menuet de la Cour\" which translates from the French to \"The Minuet of the Court.\" The drawing is attributed to La Couteur, created circa 1775. There is an inscription on the back from 1819."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain. There are no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0a7494f824fb5be9f67ec8854ff6e097\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eOriginal pencil drawing of a couple performing the minuet, with accompanying musicians and onlookers, presumably set in a French ball. The drawing is titled \"Le Menuet de la Cour\" which translates from the French to \"The Minuet of the Court.\"\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Original pencil drawing of a couple performing the minuet, with accompanying musicians and onlookers, presumably set in a French ball. The drawing is titled \"Le Menuet de la Cour\" which translates from the French to \"The Minuet of the Court.\""],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_8d2aeb013044c8f11c6fe68479bf89a8\"\u003eR 72, C 3, S 1\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["R 72, C 3, S 1"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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The goal was to demonstrate by their exquisite manners, dress, and skill that they were indeed worthy adornments to society; their observers were active participants in the dance as well, judging every step and gesture with the utmost refinement and - should the dancers be truly elegant and charming - with great pleasure.\" The dance was so popular, minuet sequences appeared in operas and symphonies of the day, including Mozart's \"Don Giovanni\" and Handel's \"Berenice.\"","This drawing is roughly 16\" by 20\".","Processing completed by Amanda Brent in September 2020. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in September 2020. This item was formerly part of the Performing Arts Manuscript Materials collection, C0215.","The Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections and materials on the Performing Arts.","Original pencil drawing of a couple performing the minuet, with accompanying musicians and onlookers, presumably set in a French ball. The drawing is titled \"Le Menuet de la Cour\" which translates from the French to \"The Minuet of the Court.\" The drawing is attributed to La Couteur, created circa 1775. There is an inscription on the back from 1819.","Public Domain. There are no known restrictions.","Original pencil drawing of a couple performing the minuet, with accompanying musicians and onlookers, presumably set in a French ball. The drawing is titled \"Le Menuet de la Cour\" which translates from the French to \"The Minuet of the Court.\"","R 72, C 3, S 1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","French \n.    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The goal was to demonstrate by their exquisite manners, dress, and skill that they were indeed worthy adornments to society; their observers were active participants in the dance as well, judging every step and gesture with the utmost refinement and - should the dancers be truly elegant and charming - with great pleasure.\" The dance was so popular, minuet sequences appeared in operas and symphonies of the day, including Mozart's \"Don Giovanni\" and Handel's \"Berenice.\""],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis drawing is roughly 16\" by 20\".\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["This drawing is roughly 16\" by 20\"."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Le Menuet de la Cour\" drawing attributed to Le Couteur, C0455, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["\"Le Menuet de la Cour\" drawing attributed to Le Couteur, C0455, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Amanda Brent in September 2020. 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The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These albums were a gift of Reverend H. Middleton Raynal."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Poetry","Painting","Drawing","Watercolor painting","Mica","Mica Painting","Company painting","Calligraphy","Sketchbooks \u0026 albums"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Poetry","Painting","Drawing","Watercolor painting","Mica","Mica Painting","Company painting","Calligraphy","Sketchbooks \u0026 albums"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 Item"],"extent_tesim":["3 Item"],"genreform_ssim":["Sketchbooks \u0026 albums"],"date_range_isim":[1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe two creators of this collection were Mary Margaret MacMillan nee Campbell, and her son Charles Newton MacMillan of Scotland.  Margaret MacMillan was born around the beginning of the nineteenth century and made/collected the contents of the sketchbook of Ireland and the commonplace book.  The mica paintings likely come from Mary's son Charles during his time in India as a British soldier.  After his time in the British service, he emigrated to Virginia in the United States, eventually to a the Fancy Hill vicinity of Rockbridge County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The two creators of this collection were Mary Margaret MacMillan nee Campbell, and her son Charles Newton MacMillan of Scotland.  Margaret MacMillan was born around the beginning of the nineteenth century and made/collected the contents of the sketchbook of Ireland and the commonplace book.  The mica paintings likely come from Mary's son Charles during his time in India as a British soldier.  After his time in the British service, he emigrated to Virginia in the United States, eventually to a the Fancy Hill vicinity of Rockbridge County, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePreferred citation: [Identification of item], MacMillan Albums, WLU Coll. 0266, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA\u003cp\u003eIn some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Preferred citation: [Identification of item], MacMillan Albums, WLU Coll. 0266, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA In some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of three scrapbooks with contents compiled by Mary MacMillan and her son Charles MacMillan.  The first contains scenes from a trip to Ireland, containing Mary MacMillan's pencil sketches of scenes and prints of Ireland mostly by James Howard Burgess.  The second contains poetry and calligraphy from Mary MacMillan and others as well as collections of dried and pressed marine marine algae or seaweed, watercolors sketches and cartoons.  The third consists of mica paintings made in India for British tourists, and were most likely collected by Mary's son Charles.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of three scrapbooks with contents compiled by Mary MacMillan and her son Charles MacMillan.  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Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  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VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce this material for educational and publicity purposes only by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Drawing"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Drawing"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello."],"language_ssim":["English"],"containers_ssim":["Item VA12.08.2.004"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigitization has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Digitization has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_heading_ssm":["Preferred Citation"],"prefercite_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). 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VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce this material for educational and publicity purposes only by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate."],"_nest_path_":"/components#7/components#1/components#3","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:49:10.047Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_465.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/465","title_filing_ssi":"Wigfall, Benjamin (VA-12)","title_ssm":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers"],"title_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1880-2023"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1880-2023"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["VA-12","/repositories/2/resources/465"],"text":["VA-12","/repositories/2/resources/465","Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers","Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints).","The collection is open for research.","The collection is organized into 10 series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.","Series 1 Benjamin L. 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It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022.","In 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.","Item-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson.","The collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a  Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License .","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","The collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. 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Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.","Series 1 Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944-2023 Series 2 Mary Carter Wigfall, 1949-2017 Series 3 Wigfall Family Records, 1944-2014 Series 4 Communications Village, 1880-1980 Series 5 Watermark/Cargo Gallery, 1969-2004 Series 6 Migrant Children's Center, 1965-1999 Series 7 New York, 1917-2018 Series 8 Art and Printmaking, 1951-1993 Series 9 Photography Projects - Communications Village, 1970s-2000s Series 10 Other Artists and Friends, 1949-2020"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy. ","After receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design. ","Wigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.","Item-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/\"\u003eCreative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTransmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a  Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License .","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4aa27f66a6c0c2bf8444280ed5caacf4\"\u003eThe collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992."],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"names_coll_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020"],"persname_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":397,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:49:10.047Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02_c04"}},{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02_c05","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"School Art Sketching Pad #4 \"Mr. Wigfall\"","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02_c05","ref_ssm":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02_c05"],"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02_c05","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02","parent_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02","parent_ssim":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08","virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08","virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Benjamin L. 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VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce this material for educational and publicity purposes only by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate."],"title_filing_ssi":"School Art Sketching Pad #4 \"Mr. Wigfall\"","title_ssm":["School Art Sketching Pad #4 \"Mr. Wigfall\""],"title_tesim":["School Art Sketching Pad #4 \"Mr. Wigfall\""],"unitdate_other_ssim":["undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["School Art Sketching Pad #4 \"Mr. Wigfall\""],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers"],"physdesc_tesim":["Paper"],"extent_ssm":["1 item"],"extent_tesim":["1 item"],"physfacet_tesim":["Sketchbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":311,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["In Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ ©Benjamin Wigfall Estate. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce this material for educational and publicity purposes only by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Drawing"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Drawing"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello."],"language_ssim":["English"],"containers_ssim":["Item VA12.08.2.005"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigitization has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Digitization has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_heading_ssm":["Preferred Citation"],"prefercite_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). 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VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce this material for educational and publicity purposes only by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate."],"_nest_path_":"/components#7/components#1/components#4","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:49:10.047Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_465.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/465","title_filing_ssi":"Wigfall, Benjamin (VA-12)","title_ssm":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers"],"title_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1880-2023"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1880-2023"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["VA-12","/repositories/2/resources/465"],"text":["VA-12","/repositories/2/resources/465","Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers","Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints).","The collection is open for research.","The collection is organized into 10 series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.","Series 1 Benjamin L. 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It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022.","In 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.","Item-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson.","The collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a  Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License .","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","The collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. 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Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.","Series 1 Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944-2023 Series 2 Mary Carter Wigfall, 1949-2017 Series 3 Wigfall Family Records, 1944-2014 Series 4 Communications Village, 1880-1980 Series 5 Watermark/Cargo Gallery, 1969-2004 Series 6 Migrant Children's Center, 1965-1999 Series 7 New York, 1917-2018 Series 8 Art and Printmaking, 1951-1993 Series 9 Photography Projects - Communications Village, 1970s-2000s Series 10 Other Artists and Friends, 1949-2020"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy. ","After receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design. ","Wigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.","Item-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/\"\u003eCreative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTransmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a  Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License .","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4aa27f66a6c0c2bf8444280ed5caacf4\"\u003eThe collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992."],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"names_coll_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020"],"persname_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":397,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:49:10.047Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02_c05"}},{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02_c06","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"School Art Sketching Pad #5 \"Talent Art Tablet\"","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02_c06","ref_ssm":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02_c06"],"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02_c06","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02","parent_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02","parent_ssim":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08","virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08","virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c08_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Benjamin L. 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VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce this material for educational and publicity purposes only by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate."],"title_filing_ssi":"School Art Sketching Pad #5 \"Talent Art Tablet\"","title_ssm":["School Art Sketching Pad #5 \"Talent Art Tablet\""],"title_tesim":["School Art Sketching Pad #5 \"Talent Art Tablet\""],"unitdate_other_ssim":["undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["School Art Sketching Pad #5 \"Talent Art Tablet\""],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers"],"physdesc_tesim":["Paper"],"extent_ssm":["1 item"],"extent_tesim":["1 item"],"physfacet_tesim":["Sketchbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":312,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["In Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ ©Benjamin Wigfall Estate. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce this material for educational and publicity purposes only by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Drawing"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Drawing"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello."],"language_ssim":["English"],"containers_ssim":["Item VA12.08.2.006"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigitization has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOnly two pages were digitized.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General","General"],"odd_tesim":["Digitization has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities.","Only two pages were digitized."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. 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VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce this material for educational and publicity purposes only by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate."],"_nest_path_":"/components#7/components#1/components#5","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:49:10.047Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_465.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/465","title_filing_ssi":"Wigfall, Benjamin (VA-12)","title_ssm":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers"],"title_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1880-2023"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1880-2023"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["VA-12","/repositories/2/resources/465"],"text":["VA-12","/repositories/2/resources/465","Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers","Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints).","The collection is open for research.","The collection is organized into 10 series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.","Series 1 Benjamin L. 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It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022.","In 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.","Item-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson.","The collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a  Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License .","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","The collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. 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Other digitized content is licensed for use under a  Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License .","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints)."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints)."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["21.875 Linear Feet 50 boxes; 63 folders"],"extent_tesim":["21.875 Linear Feet 50 boxes; 63 folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints)."],"date_range_isim":[1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into 10 series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. 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Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.","Series 1 Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944-2023 Series 2 Mary Carter Wigfall, 1949-2017 Series 3 Wigfall Family Records, 1944-2014 Series 4 Communications Village, 1880-1980 Series 5 Watermark/Cargo Gallery, 1969-2004 Series 6 Migrant Children's Center, 1965-1999 Series 7 New York, 1917-2018 Series 8 Art and Printmaking, 1951-1993 Series 9 Photography Projects - Communications Village, 1970s-2000s Series 10 Other Artists and Friends, 1949-2020"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy. ","After receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design. ","Wigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.","Item-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/\"\u003eCreative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTransmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a  Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License .","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4aa27f66a6c0c2bf8444280ed5caacf4\"\u003eThe collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992."],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"names_coll_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020"],"persname_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. 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