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For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_7cbfa4cfc4a12a7add94fe9e48db62b3\"\u003eCorrespondence, financial records, speeches, reports, blueprints, and pamphlets of a Bluefield banker and businessman who was a treasurer of the Democratic Executive Committee and a member of the Board of Governors of West Virginia University. Subjects include numerous businesses in the Bluefield area, Bluefield State College, Concord College, Bank of Bramwell, Island Creek Coal Company, Norfolk and Western Railroad, Pocahontas Fuel Company, Smokeless Operators Association, Virginia Railway, Winding Gulf Collieries, and West Virginia University. Correspondents include W.W. Barron, Joe F. Burdett, Robert C. Byrd, Clyde L. Colson, Phil Conley, Ken Hechler, Cecil B. Highland, John Hoblitzell, Rush D. Holt, Elizabeth Kee, Robert P. McDonough, Clarence W. Meadows, Paul A. Miller, Arch A. Moore, Jr., Okey Patteson, Jennings Randolph, Raymond E. Salvati, John M. Slack, Hulett Smith, James M. Sprouse, Elvis J. Stahr, and Irvin Stewart.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, financial records, speeches, reports, blueprints, and pamphlets of a Bluefield banker and businessman who was a treasurer of the Democratic Executive Committee and a member of the Board of Governors of West Virginia University. 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SEE ALSO Labor organization.","United States - Census returns.","World War, 1914-1918 -- National Defense Council (U.S.)","World War, 1914-1918","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Memoirs of a retired newspaperman, editor, and Republican state house representative (1898-1901). McIntosh supported the Republican party and coal operator interests through his newspapers and periodicals, which included: HUNTINGTON GAZETTE, HUNTINGTON SUNDAY GAZETTE, HINTON FREE LANCE, FAYETTE JOURNAL, NEWS-MAIL CO., RALEIGH HERALD, and company magazines for the Island Creek Coal Company and Solvay Collieries. 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McIntosh (1868-1935) Typed Document, A\u0026amp;M 2599, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], George C. McIntosh (1868-1935) Typed Document, A\u0026M 2599, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_37c5af6715c21aaa8547fac96169f8bd\"\u003eMemoirs of a retired newspaperman, editor, and Republican state house representative (1898-1901). McIntosh supported the Republican party and coal operator interests through his newspapers and periodicals, which included: HUNTINGTON GAZETTE, HUNTINGTON SUNDAY GAZETTE, HINTON FREE LANCE, FAYETTE JOURNAL, NEWS-MAIL CO., RALEIGH HERALD, and company magazines for the Island Creek Coal Company and Solvay Collieries. McIntosh discusses: his early employment on the railroads as census taker and assessor; his newspaper career; state politics; his fight against the Fayette Whiskey Ring; taxation; \"The Committee of Twenty-eight\"; \"Lincoln Party\" Convention; West Virginia Coal Association; United Fuel Gas Company; United Mine Workers; strikes; March on Mingo and Logan; Logan Coal Operators Association; and World War I and the National Defense Board. There is also some information on the McIntosh family history and genealogy. Among the persons mentioned are: Mather Archer, W.R. Bennett, William Blizzard, William M.O. Dawson, Samuel Dixon, Charles A. Goddard, Henry D. Hatfield, Bob Patterson, Oscar Price, Gen. J.W. St. Clair, M.J. Simms, and Z.T. Vinson.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Memoirs of a retired newspaperman, editor, and Republican state house representative (1898-1901). McIntosh supported the Republican party and coal operator interests through his newspapers and periodicals, which included: HUNTINGTON GAZETTE, HUNTINGTON SUNDAY GAZETTE, HINTON FREE LANCE, FAYETTE JOURNAL, NEWS-MAIL CO., RALEIGH HERALD, and company magazines for the Island Creek Coal Company and Solvay Collieries. McIntosh discusses: his early employment on the railroads as census taker and assessor; his newspaper career; state politics; his fight against the Fayette Whiskey Ring; taxation; \"The Committee of Twenty-eight\"; \"Lincoln Party\" Convention; West Virginia Coal Association; United Fuel Gas Company; United Mine Workers; strikes; March on Mingo and Logan; Logan Coal Operators Association; and World War I and the National Defense Board. There is also some information on the McIntosh family history and genealogy. Among the persons mentioned are: Mather Archer, W.R. Bennett, William Blizzard, William M.O. Dawson, Samuel Dixon, Charles A. Goddard, Henry D. Hatfield, Bob Patterson, Oscar Price, Gen. J.W. St. Clair, M.J. Simms, and Z.T. Vinson."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_dab1fd299082904275ef0d89bd462b8c\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["Democratic Party (U.S.)","Island Creek Coal Company","Logan Coal Operators Association","National Defense Board - World War I.","News-Mail Company","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )","United Fuel Gas Company.","United Mine Workers of America","United States - National Defense Board.","West Virginia. Legislature","West Virginia Coal Association","McIntosh family - Genealogy","McIntosh family","Archer, Mather.","Bennett, W.R.","Blizzard, William M. O.","Blizzard, William.","Dawson, William M.O.","Dixon, Samuel.","Goddard, Charles A.","Hatfield, Henry Drury, 1875-1962","McIntosh, George C.","Patterson, Bob.","Price, Oscar.","Saint Clair, Gen. J.W.","Simms, M.J.","Vinson, Z.T."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Island Creek Coal Company","Logan Coal Operators Association","National Defense Board - World War I.","News-Mail Company","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )","United Fuel Gas Company.","United Mine Workers of America","United States - National Defense Board.","West Virginia. Legislature","West Virginia Coal Association","McIntosh family - Genealogy","McIntosh family","McIntosh, George C., 1868-1935","Archer, Mather.","Bennett, W.R.","Blizzard, William M. O.","Blizzard, William.","Dawson, William M.O.","Dixon, Samuel.","Goddard, Charles A.","Hatfield, Henry Drury, 1875-1962","McIntosh, George C.","Patterson, Bob.","Price, Oscar.","Saint Clair, Gen. J.W.","Simms, M.J.","Vinson, Z.T."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Island Creek Coal Company","Logan Coal Operators Association","National Defense Board - World War I.","News-Mail Company","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )","United Fuel Gas Company.","United Mine Workers of America","United States - National Defense Board.","West Virginia. Legislature","West Virginia Coal Association"],"famname_ssim":["McIntosh family - Genealogy","McIntosh family"],"persname_ssim":["McIntosh, George C., 1868-1935","Archer, Mather.","Bennett, W.R.","Blizzard, William M. O.","Blizzard, William.","Dawson, William M.O.","Dixon, Samuel.","Goddard, Charles A.","Hatfield, Henry Drury, 1875-1962","McIntosh, George C.","Patterson, Bob.","Price, Oscar.","Saint Clair, Gen. J.W.","Simms, M.J.","Vinson, Z.T."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:04:04.801Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_724","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_724","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_724","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_724","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_724.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195215","title_ssm":["George C. McIntosh (1868-1935) Typed Document"],"title_tesim":["George C. McIntosh (1868-1935) Typed Document"],"unitdate_ssm":["1895-1920"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1895-1920"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2599","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/724"],"text":["A\u0026M 2599","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/724","George C. McIntosh (1868-1935) Typed Document","Advertising","Coal - coal operators.","Coal - Island Creek Coal Co.","Coal - Solvay Collieries.","Coal companies - Island Creek Coal Company.","Coal companies - Solvay Collieries.","Coal miners - March on Mingo and Logan.","Coal mining - coal operators associations.","Coal mining - Labor organization.","Coal mining - Logan Coal Operators Association.","Coal mining - March on Mingo and Logan.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Coal mining - West Virginia Coal Association.","Coal mining.","Editors - letters and papers.","Elections","Fayette County - Fayette Whiskey Ring.","Fayette Whiskey Ring.","Gas industry","March on Mingo and Logan - coal.","Newspaper publishing","Newspapers.","Politics and government.","Railroads","Solvay Collieries - coal.","Solvay Collieries.","Taxation","Union names.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization.","United States - Census returns.","World War, 1914-1918 -- National Defense Council (U.S.)","World War, 1914-1918","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Memoirs of a retired newspaperman, editor, and Republican state house representative (1898-1901). McIntosh supported the Republican party and coal operator interests through his newspapers and periodicals, which included: HUNTINGTON GAZETTE, HUNTINGTON SUNDAY GAZETTE, HINTON FREE LANCE, FAYETTE JOURNAL, NEWS-MAIL CO., RALEIGH HERALD, and company magazines for the Island Creek Coal Company and Solvay Collieries. McIntosh discusses: his early employment on the railroads as census taker and assessor; his newspaper career; state politics; his fight against the Fayette Whiskey Ring; taxation; \"The Committee of Twenty-eight\"; \"Lincoln Party\" Convention; West Virginia Coal Association; United Fuel Gas Company; United Mine Workers; strikes; March on Mingo and Logan; Logan Coal Operators Association; and World War I and the National Defense Board. There is also some information on the McIntosh family history and genealogy. Among the persons mentioned are: Mather Archer, W.R. Bennett, William Blizzard, William M.O. Dawson, Samuel Dixon, Charles A. Goddard, Henry D. Hatfield, Bob Patterson, Oscar Price, Gen. J.W. St. Clair, M.J. Simms, and Z.T. Vinson.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Island Creek Coal Company","Logan Coal Operators Association","National Defense Board - World War I.","News-Mail Company","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )","United Fuel Gas Company.","United Mine Workers of America","United States - National Defense Board.","West Virginia. Legislature","West Virginia Coal Association","McIntosh family - Genealogy","McIntosh family","McIntosh, George C., 1868-1935","Archer, Mather.","Bennett, W.R.","Blizzard, William M. O.","Blizzard, William.","Dawson, William M.O.","Dixon, Samuel.","Goddard, Charles A.","Hatfield, Henry Drury, 1875-1962","McIntosh, George C.","Patterson, Bob.","Price, Oscar.","Saint Clair, Gen. J.W.","Simms, M.J.","Vinson, Z.T.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2599","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/724"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George C. McIntosh (1868-1935) Typed Document"],"collection_title_tesim":["George C. McIntosh (1868-1935) Typed Document"],"collection_ssim":["George C. McIntosh (1868-1935) Typed Document"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["McIntosh, George C., 1868-1935"],"creator_ssim":["McIntosh, George C., 1868-1935"],"creator_persname_ssim":["McIntosh, George C., 1868-1935"],"creators_ssim":["McIntosh, George C., 1868-1935"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Advertising","Coal - coal operators.","Coal - Island Creek Coal Co.","Coal - Solvay Collieries.","Coal companies - Island Creek Coal Company.","Coal companies - Solvay Collieries.","Coal miners - March on Mingo and Logan.","Coal mining - coal operators associations.","Coal mining - Labor organization.","Coal mining - Logan Coal Operators Association.","Coal mining - March on Mingo and Logan.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Coal mining - West Virginia Coal Association.","Coal mining.","Editors - letters and papers.","Elections","Fayette County - Fayette Whiskey Ring.","Fayette Whiskey Ring.","Gas industry","March on Mingo and Logan - coal.","Newspaper publishing","Newspapers.","Politics and government.","Railroads","Solvay Collieries - coal.","Solvay Collieries.","Taxation","Union names.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization.","United States - Census returns.","World War, 1914-1918 -- National Defense Council (U.S.)","World War, 1914-1918"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Advertising","Coal - coal operators.","Coal - Island Creek Coal Co.","Coal - Solvay Collieries.","Coal companies - Island Creek Coal Company.","Coal companies - Solvay Collieries.","Coal miners - March on Mingo and Logan.","Coal mining - coal operators associations.","Coal mining - Labor organization.","Coal mining - Logan Coal Operators Association.","Coal mining - March on Mingo and Logan.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Coal mining - West Virginia Coal Association.","Coal mining.","Editors - letters and papers.","Elections","Fayette County - Fayette Whiskey Ring.","Fayette Whiskey Ring.","Gas industry","March on Mingo and Logan - coal.","Newspaper publishing","Newspapers.","Politics and government.","Railroads","Solvay Collieries - coal.","Solvay Collieries.","Taxation","Union names.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization.","United States - Census returns.","World War, 1914-1918 -- National Defense Council (U.S.)","World War, 1914-1918"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Feet Summary: 1/4 in. (1 folder)"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Feet Summary: 1/4 in. (1 folder)"],"date_range_isim":[1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], George C. McIntosh (1868-1935) Typed Document, A\u0026amp;M 2599, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], George C. McIntosh (1868-1935) Typed Document, A\u0026M 2599, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_37c5af6715c21aaa8547fac96169f8bd\"\u003eMemoirs of a retired newspaperman, editor, and Republican state house representative (1898-1901). McIntosh supported the Republican party and coal operator interests through his newspapers and periodicals, which included: HUNTINGTON GAZETTE, HUNTINGTON SUNDAY GAZETTE, HINTON FREE LANCE, FAYETTE JOURNAL, NEWS-MAIL CO., RALEIGH HERALD, and company magazines for the Island Creek Coal Company and Solvay Collieries. McIntosh discusses: his early employment on the railroads as census taker and assessor; his newspaper career; state politics; his fight against the Fayette Whiskey Ring; taxation; \"The Committee of Twenty-eight\"; \"Lincoln Party\" Convention; West Virginia Coal Association; United Fuel Gas Company; United Mine Workers; strikes; March on Mingo and Logan; Logan Coal Operators Association; and World War I and the National Defense Board. There is also some information on the McIntosh family history and genealogy. Among the persons mentioned are: Mather Archer, W.R. Bennett, William Blizzard, William M.O. Dawson, Samuel Dixon, Charles A. Goddard, Henry D. Hatfield, Bob Patterson, Oscar Price, Gen. J.W. St. Clair, M.J. Simms, and Z.T. Vinson.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Memoirs of a retired newspaperman, editor, and Republican state house representative (1898-1901). McIntosh supported the Republican party and coal operator interests through his newspapers and periodicals, which included: HUNTINGTON GAZETTE, HUNTINGTON SUNDAY GAZETTE, HINTON FREE LANCE, FAYETTE JOURNAL, NEWS-MAIL CO., RALEIGH HERALD, and company magazines for the Island Creek Coal Company and Solvay Collieries. McIntosh discusses: his early employment on the railroads as census taker and assessor; his newspaper career; state politics; his fight against the Fayette Whiskey Ring; taxation; \"The Committee of Twenty-eight\"; \"Lincoln Party\" Convention; West Virginia Coal Association; United Fuel Gas Company; United Mine Workers; strikes; March on Mingo and Logan; Logan Coal Operators Association; and World War I and the National Defense Board. There is also some information on the McIntosh family history and genealogy. Among the persons mentioned are: Mather Archer, W.R. Bennett, William Blizzard, William M.O. Dawson, Samuel Dixon, Charles A. Goddard, Henry D. Hatfield, Bob Patterson, Oscar Price, Gen. J.W. St. Clair, M.J. Simms, and Z.T. Vinson."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_dab1fd299082904275ef0d89bd462b8c\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["Democratic Party (U.S.)","Island Creek Coal Company","Logan Coal Operators Association","National Defense Board - World War I.","News-Mail Company","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )","United Fuel Gas Company.","United Mine Workers of America","United States - National Defense Board.","West Virginia. Legislature","West Virginia Coal Association","McIntosh family - Genealogy","McIntosh family","Archer, Mather.","Bennett, W.R.","Blizzard, William M. O.","Blizzard, William.","Dawson, William M.O.","Dixon, Samuel.","Goddard, Charles A.","Hatfield, Henry Drury, 1875-1962","McIntosh, George C.","Patterson, Bob.","Price, Oscar.","Saint Clair, Gen. J.W.","Simms, M.J.","Vinson, Z.T."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Island Creek Coal Company","Logan Coal Operators Association","National Defense Board - World War I.","News-Mail Company","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )","United Fuel Gas Company.","United Mine Workers of America","United States - National Defense Board.","West Virginia. Legislature","West Virginia Coal Association","McIntosh family - Genealogy","McIntosh family","McIntosh, George C., 1868-1935","Archer, Mather.","Bennett, W.R.","Blizzard, William M. O.","Blizzard, William.","Dawson, William M.O.","Dixon, Samuel.","Goddard, Charles A.","Hatfield, Henry Drury, 1875-1962","McIntosh, George C.","Patterson, Bob.","Price, Oscar.","Saint Clair, Gen. J.W.","Simms, M.J.","Vinson, Z.T."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Island Creek Coal Company","Logan Coal Operators Association","National Defense Board - World War I.","News-Mail Company","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )","United Fuel Gas Company.","United Mine Workers of America","United States - National Defense Board.","West Virginia. Legislature","West Virginia Coal Association"],"famname_ssim":["McIntosh family - Genealogy","McIntosh family"],"persname_ssim":["McIntosh, George C., 1868-1935","Archer, Mather.","Bennett, W.R.","Blizzard, William M. O.","Blizzard, William.","Dawson, William M.O.","Dixon, Samuel.","Goddard, Charles A.","Hatfield, Henry Drury, 1875-1962","McIntosh, George C.","Patterson, Bob.","Price, Oscar.","Saint Clair, Gen. J.W.","Simms, M.J.","Vinson, Z.T."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:04:04.801Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_724"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5444","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5444#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Collins, Justus, 1857-1934","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5444#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eJustus Collins [1857-1934] was an entrepreneur who opened his first coal mine in the Pocahontas- Flat Top coal field of Southern West Virginia, and thereafter operated mines in the New River, Tug River, and Winding Gulf coal fields. He headed a coal sales agency, speculated in coal and timber lands, headed a cement company, and was interested financially in rubber, oil, and gas companies. He played an important role in organizing the Tug River Coal Operators Association, the Winding Gulf Operators' Association, and the Smokeless Coal Operators Association of West Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5444#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5444","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5444","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5444","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5444","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_5444.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/198682","title_ssm":["Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers"],"title_tesim":["Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1887-1962"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1887-1962"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1824","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5444"],"text":["A\u0026M 1824","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5444","Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers","Account books","Church buildings","Coal mining - coal and coke sales.","Coal mining - coal operators associations.","Coal mining - Regulation.","Coal mining - Safety.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Coal mining.","Education","Maps.","New River coalfields.","Pocahontas-Flat Top coalfield.","Politics and government.","Railroads - Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad.","Railroads - Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Railroads - Virginia Railway - Winding Gulf Branch.","Virginian Railroad -- Railroads","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Taxation","New Deal, 1933-1939","Winding Gulf (W. Va.) -- coalfields","Coal mining - New River field.","Coal mining - Winding Gulf field.","Coal Mining - Tug River field","No special access restriction applies.","1784, 1824","Justus Collins [1857-1934] was an entrepreneur who opened his first coal mine in the Pocahontas- Flat Top coal field of Southern West Virginia, and thereafter operated mines in the New River, Tug River, and Winding Gulf coal fields. He headed a coal sales agency, speculated in coal and timber lands, headed a cement company, and was interested financially in rubber, oil, and gas companies. He played an important role in organizing the Tug River Coal Operators Association, the Winding Gulf Operators' Association, and the Smokeless Coal Operators Association of West Virginia. ","The materials include correspondence, agreements, contracts, deeds, financial statements, ledger books, magazines, maps, minute books, pamphlets, photographs, production and shipping records, reports, and stock books. ","The bulk of the collection concerns the development of the law volatile, or smokeless, coal fields of Southern West Virginia, ca. 1900-1934. Subjects include: Coal company operation, (coal and coke sales, costs, marketing conditions, price-fixing, profits, salaries, taxes); coal operators' associations; government investigation and regulation of the coal industry (Interstate Commerce Commission, mining legislation, N.R.A. code, U.S. Railroad Administration) labor (insurance \"on transportation\", strikes, United Mine Workers of America, wages, workman's compensation, \"yellow-dog\" contract); law and order (Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, courts, injunctions, mine guard system, National Guard, secret operatives, state troopers); life in mining camps (amusements, churches, health, housing, recreation, schools, stores); mining safety; railroads (Chesapeake \u0026 Ohio Railway, coal car distribution, freight rates, Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad, railway fuel contracts, and Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch); and  state and local politics. Other non-coal subjects include cement business, lumber business, tire and tire gauge manufacturing, and oil and gas drilling.","Correspondents include: S.R. Anderson; G. R. Collins; Jairus Collins; Justus Collins; Raymond DuPuy; W. J. Elgin; Lamar Epperly; H.D. Everett; T. L. Felts; A.M. Herndon; J.J. Holloway; L. E. Johnson; P. H. Kelly; E.W.  Knight; John Laing; I. T. Mann; C. H. Mead; C. J. Milton; J. H. Renahan, P. J. RIley: P. M. Snyder; Holly Stover; W. P. Tams; Jr.: J.J. Tierney; E.E. White; and George Wolfe.\n \nSeries include: \n1. General Correspondence, 1896–1934 (boxes 1-36)  \n2. Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, 1905–1934 (box 36)  \n3. Coal Operators Association, 1911–1934 (boxes 37-39)  \n4. Smokeless Fuel Company -- Sales Managers' Correspondence, 1914-1915, undated (boxes 40-42) \n5. Smokeless Fuel Company -- Smithing and Other Sales, 1914–1922 (boxes 43-44)  \n6. Superior Portland Cement Company, 1905–1924 (boxes 45-47)  \n7. Miscellaneous Printed Materials, 1899–1954 (boxes 48-56)  \n8. Oversize Maps, Blueprints, and Charts, 1916-1962, undated (oversize folder)","This series includes general correspondence between Justus Collins and many others, including S.R. Anderson; G. R. Collins; Jairus Collins; Raymond DuPuy; W. J. Elgin; Lamar Epperly; H.D. Everett; T. L. Felts; A.M. Herndon; J.J. Holloway; L. E. Johnson; P. H. Kelly; E.W. Knight; John Laing; I. T. Mann; C. H. Mead; C. J. Milton; J. H. Renahan, P. J. Riley: P. M. Snyder; Holly Stover; W. P. Tams; Jr.: J.J. Tierney; E.E. White; and George Wolfe.","Subjects include coal company operation (coal and coke sales, costs, marketing conditions, price-fixing, profits, salaries, taxes), coal operators' associations, railroads (Chesapeake \u0026 Ohio Railway, coal car distribution, freight rates, Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad, railway fuel contracts, and Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch), and state and local politics.","This series includes material related to the Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency (ca. 1890s-1937), which was used by coal operators as strikebreakers in the 1910s and 1920s. Baldwin-Felts detectives were infamous for their violent involvement in the Coal Wars, the Battle of Matewan, and other coal union strikes.","This series includes correspondence regarding various coal operators associations, including the Tug River Valley Association, the Winding Gulf Association, the Pocahontas Assocation, and others.","This series includes sales managers' correspondence regarding the Smokeless Fuel Company.","This series includes material regarding smithing and other sales of the Smokeless Fuel Company.","This series includes material regarding the Superior Portland Cement Company.","This series includes assorted printed materials, including personal and business account books, surveys, stockholders meeting minutes, and other material.","This series includes oversize maps, blueprints, and charts, including maps of Collins's personal property; maps and blueprints of potential locations for housing, schools, and amenities at Whipple and other coal mines; assorted coal mine maps and blueprints; and statistical charts of productivity and other metrics of Winding Gulf Collieries and other coal companies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Baldwin-Felts Detective Inc.","United States. Interstate Commerce Commission","Smokeless Coal Operators Association","Tug River Coal Operators Association","United Mine Workers of America","United States. Coal Commission","United States. Fuel Administration","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States - Railway Administration.","Winding Gulf Operators Association","Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company","Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch","Collins family","Collins, Justus, 1857-1934","Collins, Jarius.","Felts, T.L.","Holloway, J.J.","Laing, John B.","Mann, Isaac T. (Isaac Thomas), 1864-1932","Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977","Wolfe, George.","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1824","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5444"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Collins, Justus, 1857-1934"],"creator_ssim":["Collins, Justus, 1857-1934"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Collins, Justus, 1857-1934"],"creators_ssim":["Collins, Justus, 1857-1934"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Account books","Church buildings","Coal mining - coal and coke sales.","Coal mining - coal operators associations.","Coal mining - Regulation.","Coal mining - Safety.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Coal mining.","Education","Maps.","New River coalfields.","Pocahontas-Flat Top coalfield.","Politics and government.","Railroads - Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad.","Railroads - Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Railroads - Virginia Railway - Winding Gulf Branch.","Virginian Railroad -- Railroads","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Taxation","New Deal, 1933-1939","Winding Gulf (W. Va.) -- coalfields","Coal mining - New River field.","Coal mining - Winding Gulf field.","Coal Mining - Tug River field"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Account books","Church buildings","Coal mining - coal and coke sales.","Coal mining - coal operators associations.","Coal mining - Regulation.","Coal mining - Safety.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Coal mining.","Education","Maps.","New River coalfields.","Pocahontas-Flat Top coalfield.","Politics and government.","Railroads - Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad.","Railroads - Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Railroads - Virginia Railway - Winding Gulf Branch.","Virginian Railroad -- Railroads","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Taxation","New Deal, 1933-1939","Winding Gulf (W. Va.) -- coalfields","Coal mining - New River field.","Coal mining - Winding Gulf field.","Coal Mining - Tug River field"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["23.3 Linear Feet Summary: 23 ft. 4 1/4 in. (56 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 oversize folder, 1/4 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["23.3 Linear Feet Summary: 23 ft. 4 1/4 in. (56 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 oversize folder, 1/4 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers, A\u0026amp;M 1824, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers, A\u0026M 1824, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e1784, 1824\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["1784, 1824"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJustus Collins [1857-1934] was an entrepreneur who opened his first coal mine in the Pocahontas- Flat Top coal field of Southern West Virginia, and thereafter operated mines in the New River, Tug River, and Winding Gulf coal fields. He headed a coal sales agency, speculated in coal and timber lands, headed a cement company, and was interested financially in rubber, oil, and gas companies. He played an important role in organizing the Tug River Coal Operators Association, the Winding Gulf Operators' Association, and the Smokeless Coal Operators Association of West Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe materials include correspondence, agreements, contracts, deeds, financial statements, ledger books, magazines, maps, minute books, pamphlets, photographs, production and shipping records, reports, and stock books. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the collection concerns the development of the law volatile, or smokeless, coal fields of Southern West Virginia, ca. 1900-1934. Subjects include: Coal company operation, (coal and coke sales, costs, marketing conditions, price-fixing, profits, salaries, taxes); coal operators' associations; government investigation and regulation of the coal industry (Interstate Commerce Commission, mining legislation, N.R.A. code, U.S. Railroad Administration) labor (insurance \"on transportation\", strikes, United Mine Workers of America, wages, workman's compensation, \"yellow-dog\" contract); law and order (Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, courts, injunctions, mine guard system, National Guard, secret operatives, state troopers); life in mining camps (amusements, churches, health, housing, recreation, schools, stores); mining safety; railroads (Chesapeake \u0026amp; Ohio Railway, coal car distribution, freight rates, Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railroad, railway fuel contracts, and Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch); and  state and local politics. Other non-coal subjects include cement business, lumber business, tire and tire gauge manufacturing, and oil and gas drilling.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: S.R. Anderson; G. R. Collins; Jairus Collins; Justus Collins; Raymond DuPuy; W. J. Elgin; Lamar Epperly; H.D. Everett; T. L. Felts; A.M. Herndon; J.J. Holloway; L. E. Johnson; P. H. Kelly; E.W.  Knight; John Laing; I. T. Mann; C. H. Mead; C. J. Milton; J. H. Renahan, P. J. RIley: P. M. Snyder; Holly Stover; W. P. Tams; Jr.: J.J. Tierney; E.E. White; and George Wolfe.\n \nSeries include:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n1. General Correspondence, 1896–1934 (boxes 1-36) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n2. Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, 1905–1934 (box 36) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n3. Coal Operators Association, 1911–1934 (boxes 37-39) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n4. Smokeless Fuel Company -- Sales Managers' Correspondence, 1914-1915, undated (boxes 40-42)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n5. Smokeless Fuel Company -- Smithing and Other Sales, 1914–1922 (boxes 43-44) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n6. Superior Portland Cement Company, 1905–1924 (boxes 45-47) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n7. Miscellaneous Printed Materials, 1899–1954 (boxes 48-56) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n8. Oversize Maps, Blueprints, and Charts, 1916-1962, undated (oversize folder)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes general correspondence between Justus Collins and many others, including S.R. Anderson; G. R. Collins; Jairus Collins; Raymond DuPuy; W. J. Elgin; Lamar Epperly; H.D. Everett; T. L. Felts; A.M. Herndon; J.J. Holloway; L. E. Johnson; P. H. Kelly; E.W. Knight; John Laing; I. T. Mann; C. H. Mead; C. J. Milton; J. H. Renahan, P. J. Riley: P. M. Snyder; Holly Stover; W. P. Tams; Jr.: J.J. Tierney; E.E. White; and George Wolfe.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include coal company operation (coal and coke sales, costs, marketing conditions, price-fixing, profits, salaries, taxes), coal operators' associations, railroads (Chesapeake \u0026amp; Ohio Railway, coal car distribution, freight rates, Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railroad, railway fuel contracts, and Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch), and state and local politics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes material related to the Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency (ca. 1890s-1937), which was used by coal operators as strikebreakers in the 1910s and 1920s. Baldwin-Felts detectives were infamous for their violent involvement in the Coal Wars, the Battle of Matewan, and other coal union strikes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes correspondence regarding various coal operators associations, including the Tug River Valley Association, the Winding Gulf Association, the Pocahontas Assocation, and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes sales managers' correspondence regarding the Smokeless Fuel Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes material regarding smithing and other sales of the Smokeless Fuel Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes material regarding the Superior Portland Cement Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes assorted printed materials, including personal and business account books, surveys, stockholders meeting minutes, and other material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes oversize maps, blueprints, and charts, including maps of Collins's personal property; maps and blueprints of potential locations for housing, schools, and amenities at Whipple and other coal mines; assorted coal mine maps and blueprints; and statistical charts of productivity and other metrics of Winding Gulf Collieries and other coal companies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Justus Collins [1857-1934] was an entrepreneur who opened his first coal mine in the Pocahontas- Flat Top coal field of Southern West Virginia, and thereafter operated mines in the New River, Tug River, and Winding Gulf coal fields. He headed a coal sales agency, speculated in coal and timber lands, headed a cement company, and was interested financially in rubber, oil, and gas companies. He played an important role in organizing the Tug River Coal Operators Association, the Winding Gulf Operators' Association, and the Smokeless Coal Operators Association of West Virginia. ","The materials include correspondence, agreements, contracts, deeds, financial statements, ledger books, magazines, maps, minute books, pamphlets, photographs, production and shipping records, reports, and stock books. ","The bulk of the collection concerns the development of the law volatile, or smokeless, coal fields of Southern West Virginia, ca. 1900-1934. Subjects include: Coal company operation, (coal and coke sales, costs, marketing conditions, price-fixing, profits, salaries, taxes); coal operators' associations; government investigation and regulation of the coal industry (Interstate Commerce Commission, mining legislation, N.R.A. code, U.S. Railroad Administration) labor (insurance \"on transportation\", strikes, United Mine Workers of America, wages, workman's compensation, \"yellow-dog\" contract); law and order (Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, courts, injunctions, mine guard system, National Guard, secret operatives, state troopers); life in mining camps (amusements, churches, health, housing, recreation, schools, stores); mining safety; railroads (Chesapeake \u0026 Ohio Railway, coal car distribution, freight rates, Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad, railway fuel contracts, and Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch); and  state and local politics. Other non-coal subjects include cement business, lumber business, tire and tire gauge manufacturing, and oil and gas drilling.","Correspondents include: S.R. Anderson; G. R. Collins; Jairus Collins; Justus Collins; Raymond DuPuy; W. J. Elgin; Lamar Epperly; H.D. Everett; T. L. Felts; A.M. Herndon; J.J. Holloway; L. E. Johnson; P. H. Kelly; E.W.  Knight; John Laing; I. T. Mann; C. H. Mead; C. J. Milton; J. H. Renahan, P. J. RIley: P. M. Snyder; Holly Stover; W. P. Tams; Jr.: J.J. Tierney; E.E. White; and George Wolfe.\n \nSeries include: \n1. General Correspondence, 1896–1934 (boxes 1-36)  \n2. Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, 1905–1934 (box 36)  \n3. Coal Operators Association, 1911–1934 (boxes 37-39)  \n4. Smokeless Fuel Company -- Sales Managers' Correspondence, 1914-1915, undated (boxes 40-42) \n5. Smokeless Fuel Company -- Smithing and Other Sales, 1914–1922 (boxes 43-44)  \n6. Superior Portland Cement Company, 1905–1924 (boxes 45-47)  \n7. Miscellaneous Printed Materials, 1899–1954 (boxes 48-56)  \n8. Oversize Maps, Blueprints, and Charts, 1916-1962, undated (oversize folder)","This series includes general correspondence between Justus Collins and many others, including S.R. Anderson; G. R. Collins; Jairus Collins; Raymond DuPuy; W. J. Elgin; Lamar Epperly; H.D. Everett; T. L. Felts; A.M. Herndon; J.J. Holloway; L. E. Johnson; P. H. Kelly; E.W. Knight; John Laing; I. T. Mann; C. H. Mead; C. J. Milton; J. H. Renahan, P. J. Riley: P. M. Snyder; Holly Stover; W. P. Tams; Jr.: J.J. Tierney; E.E. White; and George Wolfe.","Subjects include coal company operation (coal and coke sales, costs, marketing conditions, price-fixing, profits, salaries, taxes), coal operators' associations, railroads (Chesapeake \u0026 Ohio Railway, coal car distribution, freight rates, Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad, railway fuel contracts, and Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch), and state and local politics.","This series includes material related to the Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency (ca. 1890s-1937), which was used by coal operators as strikebreakers in the 1910s and 1920s. Baldwin-Felts detectives were infamous for their violent involvement in the Coal Wars, the Battle of Matewan, and other coal union strikes.","This series includes correspondence regarding various coal operators associations, including the Tug River Valley Association, the Winding Gulf Association, the Pocahontas Assocation, and others.","This series includes sales managers' correspondence regarding the Smokeless Fuel Company.","This series includes material regarding smithing and other sales of the Smokeless Fuel Company.","This series includes material regarding the Superior Portland Cement Company.","This series includes assorted printed materials, including personal and business account books, surveys, stockholders meeting minutes, and other material.","This series includes oversize maps, blueprints, and charts, including maps of Collins's personal property; maps and blueprints of potential locations for housing, schools, and amenities at Whipple and other coal mines; assorted coal mine maps and blueprints; and statistical charts of productivity and other metrics of Winding Gulf Collieries and other coal companies."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_34a483e0d98d950847652ad89abd4398\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["Baldwin-Felts Detective Inc.","United States. Interstate Commerce Commission","Smokeless Coal Operators Association","Tug River Coal Operators Association","United Mine Workers of America","United States. Coal Commission","United States. Fuel Administration","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States - Railway Administration.","Winding Gulf Operators Association","Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company","Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch","Collins family","Collins, Justus, 1857-1934","Collins, Jarius.","Felts, T.L.","Holloway, J.J.","Laing, John B.","Mann, Isaac T. (Isaac Thomas), 1864-1932","Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977","Wolfe, George."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Baldwin-Felts Detective Inc.","United States. Interstate Commerce Commission","Smokeless Coal Operators Association","Tug River Coal Operators Association","United Mine Workers of America","United States. Coal Commission","United States. Fuel Administration","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States - Railway Administration.","Winding Gulf Operators Association","Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company","Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch","Collins family","Collins, Justus, 1857-1934","Collins, Jarius.","Felts, T.L.","Holloway, J.J.","Laing, John B.","Mann, Isaac T. (Isaac Thomas), 1864-1932","Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977","Wolfe, George."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Baldwin-Felts Detective Inc.","United States. Interstate Commerce Commission","Smokeless Coal Operators Association","Tug River Coal Operators Association","United Mine Workers of America","United States. Coal Commission","United States. Fuel Administration","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States - Railway Administration.","Winding Gulf Operators Association","Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company","Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch"],"famname_ssim":["Collins family"],"persname_ssim":["Collins, Justus, 1857-1934","Collins, Jarius.","Felts, T.L.","Holloway, J.J.","Laing, John B.","Mann, Isaac T. (Isaac Thomas), 1864-1932","Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977","Wolfe, George."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":65,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:44:44.697Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5444","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5444","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5444","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5444","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_5444.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/198682","title_ssm":["Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers"],"title_tesim":["Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1887-1962"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1887-1962"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1824","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5444"],"text":["A\u0026M 1824","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5444","Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers","Account books","Church buildings","Coal mining - coal and coke sales.","Coal mining - coal operators associations.","Coal mining - Regulation.","Coal mining - Safety.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Coal mining.","Education","Maps.","New River coalfields.","Pocahontas-Flat Top coalfield.","Politics and government.","Railroads - Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad.","Railroads - Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Railroads - Virginia Railway - Winding Gulf Branch.","Virginian Railroad -- Railroads","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Taxation","New Deal, 1933-1939","Winding Gulf (W. Va.) -- coalfields","Coal mining - New River field.","Coal mining - Winding Gulf field.","Coal Mining - Tug River field","No special access restriction applies.","1784, 1824","Justus Collins [1857-1934] was an entrepreneur who opened his first coal mine in the Pocahontas- Flat Top coal field of Southern West Virginia, and thereafter operated mines in the New River, Tug River, and Winding Gulf coal fields. He headed a coal sales agency, speculated in coal and timber lands, headed a cement company, and was interested financially in rubber, oil, and gas companies. He played an important role in organizing the Tug River Coal Operators Association, the Winding Gulf Operators' Association, and the Smokeless Coal Operators Association of West Virginia. ","The materials include correspondence, agreements, contracts, deeds, financial statements, ledger books, magazines, maps, minute books, pamphlets, photographs, production and shipping records, reports, and stock books. ","The bulk of the collection concerns the development of the law volatile, or smokeless, coal fields of Southern West Virginia, ca. 1900-1934. Subjects include: Coal company operation, (coal and coke sales, costs, marketing conditions, price-fixing, profits, salaries, taxes); coal operators' associations; government investigation and regulation of the coal industry (Interstate Commerce Commission, mining legislation, N.R.A. code, U.S. Railroad Administration) labor (insurance \"on transportation\", strikes, United Mine Workers of America, wages, workman's compensation, \"yellow-dog\" contract); law and order (Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, courts, injunctions, mine guard system, National Guard, secret operatives, state troopers); life in mining camps (amusements, churches, health, housing, recreation, schools, stores); mining safety; railroads (Chesapeake \u0026 Ohio Railway, coal car distribution, freight rates, Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad, railway fuel contracts, and Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch); and  state and local politics. Other non-coal subjects include cement business, lumber business, tire and tire gauge manufacturing, and oil and gas drilling.","Correspondents include: S.R. Anderson; G. R. Collins; Jairus Collins; Justus Collins; Raymond DuPuy; W. J. Elgin; Lamar Epperly; H.D. Everett; T. L. Felts; A.M. Herndon; J.J. Holloway; L. E. Johnson; P. H. Kelly; E.W.  Knight; John Laing; I. T. Mann; C. H. Mead; C. J. Milton; J. H. Renahan, P. J. RIley: P. M. Snyder; Holly Stover; W. P. Tams; Jr.: J.J. Tierney; E.E. White; and George Wolfe.\n \nSeries include: \n1. General Correspondence, 1896–1934 (boxes 1-36)  \n2. Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, 1905–1934 (box 36)  \n3. Coal Operators Association, 1911–1934 (boxes 37-39)  \n4. Smokeless Fuel Company -- Sales Managers' Correspondence, 1914-1915, undated (boxes 40-42) \n5. Smokeless Fuel Company -- Smithing and Other Sales, 1914–1922 (boxes 43-44)  \n6. Superior Portland Cement Company, 1905–1924 (boxes 45-47)  \n7. Miscellaneous Printed Materials, 1899–1954 (boxes 48-56)  \n8. Oversize Maps, Blueprints, and Charts, 1916-1962, undated (oversize folder)","This series includes general correspondence between Justus Collins and many others, including S.R. Anderson; G. R. Collins; Jairus Collins; Raymond DuPuy; W. J. Elgin; Lamar Epperly; H.D. Everett; T. L. Felts; A.M. Herndon; J.J. Holloway; L. E. Johnson; P. H. Kelly; E.W. Knight; John Laing; I. T. Mann; C. H. Mead; C. J. Milton; J. H. Renahan, P. J. Riley: P. M. Snyder; Holly Stover; W. P. Tams; Jr.: J.J. Tierney; E.E. White; and George Wolfe.","Subjects include coal company operation (coal and coke sales, costs, marketing conditions, price-fixing, profits, salaries, taxes), coal operators' associations, railroads (Chesapeake \u0026 Ohio Railway, coal car distribution, freight rates, Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad, railway fuel contracts, and Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch), and state and local politics.","This series includes material related to the Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency (ca. 1890s-1937), which was used by coal operators as strikebreakers in the 1910s and 1920s. Baldwin-Felts detectives were infamous for their violent involvement in the Coal Wars, the Battle of Matewan, and other coal union strikes.","This series includes correspondence regarding various coal operators associations, including the Tug River Valley Association, the Winding Gulf Association, the Pocahontas Assocation, and others.","This series includes sales managers' correspondence regarding the Smokeless Fuel Company.","This series includes material regarding smithing and other sales of the Smokeless Fuel Company.","This series includes material regarding the Superior Portland Cement Company.","This series includes assorted printed materials, including personal and business account books, surveys, stockholders meeting minutes, and other material.","This series includes oversize maps, blueprints, and charts, including maps of Collins's personal property; maps and blueprints of potential locations for housing, schools, and amenities at Whipple and other coal mines; assorted coal mine maps and blueprints; and statistical charts of productivity and other metrics of Winding Gulf Collieries and other coal companies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Baldwin-Felts Detective Inc.","United States. Interstate Commerce Commission","Smokeless Coal Operators Association","Tug River Coal Operators Association","United Mine Workers of America","United States. Coal Commission","United States. Fuel Administration","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States - Railway Administration.","Winding Gulf Operators Association","Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company","Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch","Collins family","Collins, Justus, 1857-1934","Collins, Jarius.","Felts, T.L.","Holloway, J.J.","Laing, John B.","Mann, Isaac T. (Isaac Thomas), 1864-1932","Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977","Wolfe, George.","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1824","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5444"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Collins, Justus, 1857-1934"],"creator_ssim":["Collins, Justus, 1857-1934"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Collins, Justus, 1857-1934"],"creators_ssim":["Collins, Justus, 1857-1934"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Account books","Church buildings","Coal mining - coal and coke sales.","Coal mining - coal operators associations.","Coal mining - Regulation.","Coal mining - Safety.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Coal mining.","Education","Maps.","New River coalfields.","Pocahontas-Flat Top coalfield.","Politics and government.","Railroads - Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad.","Railroads - Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Railroads - Virginia Railway - Winding Gulf Branch.","Virginian Railroad -- Railroads","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Taxation","New Deal, 1933-1939","Winding Gulf (W. Va.) -- coalfields","Coal mining - New River field.","Coal mining - Winding Gulf field.","Coal Mining - Tug River field"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Account books","Church buildings","Coal mining - coal and coke sales.","Coal mining - coal operators associations.","Coal mining - Regulation.","Coal mining - Safety.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Coal mining.","Education","Maps.","New River coalfields.","Pocahontas-Flat Top coalfield.","Politics and government.","Railroads - Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad.","Railroads - Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Railroads - Virginia Railway - Winding Gulf Branch.","Virginian Railroad -- Railroads","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Taxation","New Deal, 1933-1939","Winding Gulf (W. Va.) -- coalfields","Coal mining - New River field.","Coal mining - Winding Gulf field.","Coal Mining - Tug River field"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["23.3 Linear Feet Summary: 23 ft. 4 1/4 in. (56 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 oversize folder, 1/4 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["23.3 Linear Feet Summary: 23 ft. 4 1/4 in. (56 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 oversize folder, 1/4 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers, A\u0026amp;M 1824, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers, A\u0026M 1824, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e1784, 1824\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["1784, 1824"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJustus Collins [1857-1934] was an entrepreneur who opened his first coal mine in the Pocahontas- Flat Top coal field of Southern West Virginia, and thereafter operated mines in the New River, Tug River, and Winding Gulf coal fields. He headed a coal sales agency, speculated in coal and timber lands, headed a cement company, and was interested financially in rubber, oil, and gas companies. He played an important role in organizing the Tug River Coal Operators Association, the Winding Gulf Operators' Association, and the Smokeless Coal Operators Association of West Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe materials include correspondence, agreements, contracts, deeds, financial statements, ledger books, magazines, maps, minute books, pamphlets, photographs, production and shipping records, reports, and stock books. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the collection concerns the development of the law volatile, or smokeless, coal fields of Southern West Virginia, ca. 1900-1934. Subjects include: Coal company operation, (coal and coke sales, costs, marketing conditions, price-fixing, profits, salaries, taxes); coal operators' associations; government investigation and regulation of the coal industry (Interstate Commerce Commission, mining legislation, N.R.A. code, U.S. Railroad Administration) labor (insurance \"on transportation\", strikes, United Mine Workers of America, wages, workman's compensation, \"yellow-dog\" contract); law and order (Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, courts, injunctions, mine guard system, National Guard, secret operatives, state troopers); life in mining camps (amusements, churches, health, housing, recreation, schools, stores); mining safety; railroads (Chesapeake \u0026amp; Ohio Railway, coal car distribution, freight rates, Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railroad, railway fuel contracts, and Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch); and  state and local politics. Other non-coal subjects include cement business, lumber business, tire and tire gauge manufacturing, and oil and gas drilling.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: S.R. Anderson; G. R. Collins; Jairus Collins; Justus Collins; Raymond DuPuy; W. J. Elgin; Lamar Epperly; H.D. Everett; T. L. Felts; A.M. Herndon; J.J. Holloway; L. E. Johnson; P. H. Kelly; E.W.  Knight; John Laing; I. T. Mann; C. H. Mead; C. J. Milton; J. H. Renahan, P. J. RIley: P. M. Snyder; Holly Stover; W. P. Tams; Jr.: J.J. Tierney; E.E. White; and George Wolfe.\n \nSeries include:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n1. General Correspondence, 1896–1934 (boxes 1-36) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n2. Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, 1905–1934 (box 36) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n3. Coal Operators Association, 1911–1934 (boxes 37-39) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n4. Smokeless Fuel Company -- Sales Managers' Correspondence, 1914-1915, undated (boxes 40-42)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n5. Smokeless Fuel Company -- Smithing and Other Sales, 1914–1922 (boxes 43-44) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n6. Superior Portland Cement Company, 1905–1924 (boxes 45-47) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n7. Miscellaneous Printed Materials, 1899–1954 (boxes 48-56) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n8. Oversize Maps, Blueprints, and Charts, 1916-1962, undated (oversize folder)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes general correspondence between Justus Collins and many others, including S.R. Anderson; G. R. Collins; Jairus Collins; Raymond DuPuy; W. J. Elgin; Lamar Epperly; H.D. Everett; T. L. Felts; A.M. Herndon; J.J. Holloway; L. E. Johnson; P. H. Kelly; E.W. Knight; John Laing; I. T. Mann; C. H. Mead; C. J. Milton; J. H. Renahan, P. J. Riley: P. M. Snyder; Holly Stover; W. P. Tams; Jr.: J.J. Tierney; E.E. White; and George Wolfe.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include coal company operation (coal and coke sales, costs, marketing conditions, price-fixing, profits, salaries, taxes), coal operators' associations, railroads (Chesapeake \u0026amp; Ohio Railway, coal car distribution, freight rates, Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railroad, railway fuel contracts, and Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch), and state and local politics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes material related to the Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency (ca. 1890s-1937), which was used by coal operators as strikebreakers in the 1910s and 1920s. Baldwin-Felts detectives were infamous for their violent involvement in the Coal Wars, the Battle of Matewan, and other coal union strikes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes correspondence regarding various coal operators associations, including the Tug River Valley Association, the Winding Gulf Association, the Pocahontas Assocation, and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes sales managers' correspondence regarding the Smokeless Fuel Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes material regarding smithing and other sales of the Smokeless Fuel Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes material regarding the Superior Portland Cement Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes assorted printed materials, including personal and business account books, surveys, stockholders meeting minutes, and other material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes oversize maps, blueprints, and charts, including maps of Collins's personal property; maps and blueprints of potential locations for housing, schools, and amenities at Whipple and other coal mines; assorted coal mine maps and blueprints; and statistical charts of productivity and other metrics of Winding Gulf Collieries and other coal companies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Justus Collins [1857-1934] was an entrepreneur who opened his first coal mine in the Pocahontas- Flat Top coal field of Southern West Virginia, and thereafter operated mines in the New River, Tug River, and Winding Gulf coal fields. He headed a coal sales agency, speculated in coal and timber lands, headed a cement company, and was interested financially in rubber, oil, and gas companies. He played an important role in organizing the Tug River Coal Operators Association, the Winding Gulf Operators' Association, and the Smokeless Coal Operators Association of West Virginia. ","The materials include correspondence, agreements, contracts, deeds, financial statements, ledger books, magazines, maps, minute books, pamphlets, photographs, production and shipping records, reports, and stock books. ","The bulk of the collection concerns the development of the law volatile, or smokeless, coal fields of Southern West Virginia, ca. 1900-1934. Subjects include: Coal company operation, (coal and coke sales, costs, marketing conditions, price-fixing, profits, salaries, taxes); coal operators' associations; government investigation and regulation of the coal industry (Interstate Commerce Commission, mining legislation, N.R.A. code, U.S. Railroad Administration) labor (insurance \"on transportation\", strikes, United Mine Workers of America, wages, workman's compensation, \"yellow-dog\" contract); law and order (Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, courts, injunctions, mine guard system, National Guard, secret operatives, state troopers); life in mining camps (amusements, churches, health, housing, recreation, schools, stores); mining safety; railroads (Chesapeake \u0026 Ohio Railway, coal car distribution, freight rates, Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad, railway fuel contracts, and Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch); and  state and local politics. Other non-coal subjects include cement business, lumber business, tire and tire gauge manufacturing, and oil and gas drilling.","Correspondents include: S.R. Anderson; G. R. Collins; Jairus Collins; Justus Collins; Raymond DuPuy; W. J. Elgin; Lamar Epperly; H.D. Everett; T. L. Felts; A.M. Herndon; J.J. Holloway; L. E. Johnson; P. H. Kelly; E.W.  Knight; John Laing; I. T. Mann; C. H. Mead; C. J. Milton; J. H. Renahan, P. J. RIley: P. M. Snyder; Holly Stover; W. P. Tams; Jr.: J.J. Tierney; E.E. White; and George Wolfe.\n \nSeries include: \n1. General Correspondence, 1896–1934 (boxes 1-36)  \n2. Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, 1905–1934 (box 36)  \n3. Coal Operators Association, 1911–1934 (boxes 37-39)  \n4. Smokeless Fuel Company -- Sales Managers' Correspondence, 1914-1915, undated (boxes 40-42) \n5. Smokeless Fuel Company -- Smithing and Other Sales, 1914–1922 (boxes 43-44)  \n6. Superior Portland Cement Company, 1905–1924 (boxes 45-47)  \n7. Miscellaneous Printed Materials, 1899–1954 (boxes 48-56)  \n8. Oversize Maps, Blueprints, and Charts, 1916-1962, undated (oversize folder)","This series includes general correspondence between Justus Collins and many others, including S.R. Anderson; G. R. Collins; Jairus Collins; Raymond DuPuy; W. J. Elgin; Lamar Epperly; H.D. Everett; T. L. Felts; A.M. Herndon; J.J. Holloway; L. E. Johnson; P. H. Kelly; E.W. Knight; John Laing; I. T. Mann; C. H. Mead; C. J. Milton; J. H. Renahan, P. J. Riley: P. M. Snyder; Holly Stover; W. P. Tams; Jr.: J.J. Tierney; E.E. White; and George Wolfe.","Subjects include coal company operation (coal and coke sales, costs, marketing conditions, price-fixing, profits, salaries, taxes), coal operators' associations, railroads (Chesapeake \u0026 Ohio Railway, coal car distribution, freight rates, Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad, railway fuel contracts, and Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch), and state and local politics.","This series includes material related to the Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency (ca. 1890s-1937), which was used by coal operators as strikebreakers in the 1910s and 1920s. Baldwin-Felts detectives were infamous for their violent involvement in the Coal Wars, the Battle of Matewan, and other coal union strikes.","This series includes correspondence regarding various coal operators associations, including the Tug River Valley Association, the Winding Gulf Association, the Pocahontas Assocation, and others.","This series includes sales managers' correspondence regarding the Smokeless Fuel Company.","This series includes material regarding smithing and other sales of the Smokeless Fuel Company.","This series includes material regarding the Superior Portland Cement Company.","This series includes assorted printed materials, including personal and business account books, surveys, stockholders meeting minutes, and other material.","This series includes oversize maps, blueprints, and charts, including maps of Collins's personal property; maps and blueprints of potential locations for housing, schools, and amenities at Whipple and other coal mines; assorted coal mine maps and blueprints; and statistical charts of productivity and other metrics of Winding Gulf Collieries and other coal companies."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_34a483e0d98d950847652ad89abd4398\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["Baldwin-Felts Detective Inc.","United States. Interstate Commerce Commission","Smokeless Coal Operators Association","Tug River Coal Operators Association","United Mine Workers of America","United States. Coal Commission","United States. Fuel Administration","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States - Railway Administration.","Winding Gulf Operators Association","Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company","Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch","Collins family","Collins, Justus, 1857-1934","Collins, Jarius.","Felts, T.L.","Holloway, J.J.","Laing, John B.","Mann, Isaac T. (Isaac Thomas), 1864-1932","Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977","Wolfe, George."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Baldwin-Felts Detective Inc.","United States. Interstate Commerce Commission","Smokeless Coal Operators Association","Tug River Coal Operators Association","United Mine Workers of America","United States. Coal Commission","United States. Fuel Administration","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States - Railway Administration.","Winding Gulf Operators Association","Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company","Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch","Collins family","Collins, Justus, 1857-1934","Collins, Jarius.","Felts, T.L.","Holloway, J.J.","Laing, John B.","Mann, Isaac T. (Isaac Thomas), 1864-1932","Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977","Wolfe, George."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Baldwin-Felts Detective Inc.","United States. Interstate Commerce Commission","Smokeless Coal Operators Association","Tug River Coal Operators Association","United Mine Workers of America","United States. Coal Commission","United States. Fuel Administration","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States - Railway Administration.","Winding Gulf Operators Association","Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company","Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch"],"famname_ssim":["Collins family"],"persname_ssim":["Collins, Justus, 1857-1934","Collins, Jarius.","Felts, T.L.","Holloway, J.J.","Laing, John B.","Mann, Isaac T. (Isaac Thomas), 1864-1932","Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977","Wolfe, George."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":65,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:44:44.697Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5444"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_899","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Pocahontas Operators Association Records","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_899#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Pocahontas Operators Association","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_899#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The minutes, correspondence, and financial records of the Pocahontas Operators Association and of its successors, the Smokeless Operators Association and the Southern Virginias Operators Association. Topics mentioned are foreign competition, environmental legislation, labor strife and union negotiations, and lobbying efforts in Congress and with state legislatures. Special mention is made of the conditions in the coal industry during World War II, the impact of the Taft-Hartley Act on bargaining for the 1948 contract, and the effects in the coalfields of union dissension in the UMWA over the role of the Tony Boyle administration during the early 1970s.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_899#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_899","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_899","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_899","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_899","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_899.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195344","title_ssm":["Pocahontas Operators Association Records"],"title_tesim":["Pocahontas Operators Association Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1941-1973"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1941-1973"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2796","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/899"],"text":["A\u0026M 2796","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/899","Pocahontas Operators Association Records","Coal industry.","Coal mining - coal operators associations.","Coal mining.","Coal operators associations.","Environmentalism","Politics and government.","United States. Labor Management Relations Act, 1947","Union names.","Unions - UMWA.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Labor","World War, 1939-1945","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","The minutes, correspondence, and financial records of the Pocahontas Operators Association and of its successors, the Smokeless Operators Association and the Southern Virginias Operators Association. Topics mentioned are foreign competition, environmental legislation, labor strife and union negotiations, and lobbying efforts in Congress and with state legislatures. Special mention is made of the conditions in the coal industry during World War II, the impact of the Taft-Hartley Act on bargaining for the 1948 contract, and the effects in the coalfields of union dissension in the UMWA over the role of the Tony Boyle administration during the early 1970s.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Pocahontas Operators Association","Smokeless Coal Operators Association","Southern Virginias Operators Association","United Mine Workers of America","Winding Gulf Operators Association","Boyle, William Anthony, 1904-1985","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","English \n.    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There is a brief history of the coal industry in West Virginia, 1800-1951, a contract between coal producers and the railroads, 1886, 1895, a copy of a miner's pay statement, United Mine Workers contracts and working agreements (1919, 1924) and a schedule of the rate of pay in the Pocahontas district, June 1, 1931.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIndividuals referred to include W.A. Bishop, C.P. Blair, Mrs. Gordon L. Cox, W.E.E. Koepler, John J. Lincoln, Roland C. Luther, William D. Ord W. L. Osborne, Princess Pocahontas, W.C. Stephenson. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlaces include Bluefield, Pocahontas, Va., Snowville, Va., Norfolk, Va., Landgraff, W. 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","The historical files cover the early history of Pocahontas, Va., the Pocahontas Coal Company, the Lynchburg Coal \u0026 Coke Company, the membership and activities of the Pocahontas Operators Association, the Southern Coal Producer's Association (1953, 1957), the Turkey Gap Coal \u0026 Coke Company, The Ennis Coal Company, Aileen Coal Company, Buckeye Coal \u0026 Coke Company, Norfolk and Western Railway Company, and the Pocahontas Fuel Company. There is a brief history of the coal industry in West Virginia, 1800-1951, a contract between coal producers and the railroads, 1886, 1895, a copy of a miner's pay statement, United Mine Workers contracts and working agreements (1919, 1924) and a schedule of the rate of pay in the Pocahontas district, June 1, 1931.","Individuals referred to include W.A. Bishop, C.P. Blair, Mrs. Gordon L. Cox, W.E.E. Koepler, John J. Lincoln, Roland C. Luther, William D. Ord W. L. Osborne, Princess Pocahontas, W.C. Stephenson. ","Places include Bluefield, Pocahontas, Va., Snowville, Va., Norfolk, Va., Landgraff, W. Va., Welck, and various coal towns in the region. "],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwo maps separated to the map collection:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Muskingham, Scioto, and Big Beaver Rivers, 1787; Facsimile of map in Crevecoeur's \"Letters d'un Culivateur Americain\" (Paris 1787) consisting of sketch- maps, based on information given by White Eyes and White Mingo, Indian Chiefs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. Pocahontas Coal Field and Adjacent Territory... Norfolk and Western Railway Company, 1902\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Two maps separated to the map collection:","1. 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There is a brief history of the coal industry in West Virginia, 1800-1951, a contract between coal producers and the railroads, 1886, 1895, a copy of a miner's pay statement, United Mine Workers contracts and working agreements (1919, 1924) and a schedule of the rate of pay in the Pocahontas district, June 1, 1931.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIndividuals referred to include W.A. Bishop, C.P. Blair, Mrs. Gordon L. Cox, W.E.E. Koepler, John J. Lincoln, Roland C. Luther, William D. Ord W. L. Osborne, Princess Pocahontas, W.C. Stephenson. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlaces include Bluefield, Pocahontas, Va., Snowville, Va., Norfolk, Va., Landgraff, W. Va., Welck, and various coal towns in the region. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Production statistics and extracts from the historical files of the Smokeless Operators Association (until 1958 the Pocahontas Operators Association) showing the history of coal mining in the Pocahontas field and production, sales, and distribution statistics for the years 1930 and 1933-1961. There are weekly, monthly, and yearly reports on net tons produced, hours, worked, and tonnage lost because of labor problems, mine disability, or lack of market. There are lists of the coal companies operating in the Pocahontas district during these years. Some files include reports on net production by grade. ","The historical files cover the early history of Pocahontas, Va., the Pocahontas Coal Company, the Lynchburg Coal \u0026 Coke Company, the membership and activities of the Pocahontas Operators Association, the Southern Coal Producer's Association (1953, 1957), the Turkey Gap Coal \u0026 Coke Company, The Ennis Coal Company, Aileen Coal Company, Buckeye Coal \u0026 Coke Company, Norfolk and Western Railway Company, and the Pocahontas Fuel Company. There is a brief history of the coal industry in West Virginia, 1800-1951, a contract between coal producers and the railroads, 1886, 1895, a copy of a miner's pay statement, United Mine Workers contracts and working agreements (1919, 1924) and a schedule of the rate of pay in the Pocahontas district, June 1, 1931.","Individuals referred to include W.A. Bishop, C.P. Blair, Mrs. Gordon L. Cox, W.E.E. Koepler, John J. Lincoln, Roland C. Luther, William D. Ord W. L. Osborne, Princess Pocahontas, W.C. Stephenson. ","Places include Bluefield, Pocahontas, Va., Snowville, Va., Norfolk, Va., Landgraff, W. Va., Welck, and various coal towns in the region. "],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwo maps separated to the map collection:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Muskingham, Scioto, and Big Beaver Rivers, 1787; Facsimile of map in Crevecoeur's \"Letters d'un Culivateur Americain\" (Paris 1787) consisting of sketch- maps, based on information given by White Eyes and White Mingo, Indian Chiefs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. Pocahontas Coal Field and Adjacent Territory... Norfolk and Western Railway Company, 1902\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Two maps separated to the map collection:","1. Muskingham, Scioto, and Big Beaver Rivers, 1787; Facsimile of map in Crevecoeur's \"Letters d'un Culivateur Americain\" (Paris 1787) consisting of sketch- maps, based on information given by White Eyes and White Mingo, Indian Chiefs.","2. Pocahontas Coal Field and Adjacent Territory... Norfolk and Western Railway Company, 1902"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_78676e046cc9097782add5795c95d667\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["Aileen Coal Company","Buckeye Coal and Coke Company","Ennis Coal Company","Lynchburg Coal and Coke Company","Pocahontas Coal Company","Pocahontas Fuel Company","Pocahontas Operators Association","Smokeless Coal Operators Association","Southern Coal Producers Association","Turkey Gap Coal and Coke Company","Southern Coal Producers Association","Norfolk and Western Railroad.","United Mine Workers of America"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Smokeless Coal Operators Association","Aileen Coal Company","Buckeye Coal and Coke Company","Ennis Coal Company","Lynchburg Coal and Coke Company","Pocahontas Coal Company","Pocahontas Fuel Company","Pocahontas Operators Association","Southern Coal Producers Association","Turkey Gap Coal and Coke Company","Norfolk and Western Railroad.","United Mine Workers of America"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Smokeless Coal Operators Association","Aileen Coal Company","Buckeye Coal and Coke Company","Ennis Coal Company","Lynchburg Coal and Coke Company","Pocahontas Coal Company","Pocahontas Fuel Company","Pocahontas Operators Association","Southern Coal Producers Association","Turkey Gap Coal and Coke Company","Norfolk and Western Railroad.","United Mine Workers of America"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:38:51.003Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5450"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5645","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Smokeless Fuel Co. Records","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5645#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Smokeless Fuel Company","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5645#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of correspondence, reports, financial records, pamphlets, maps, photographs, clippings, and other papers of a coal company operating in southern West Virginia. Subjects include operators' associations, wages, prices, mine inspection reports, sales, strip mining, and freight rates. Other firms mentioned include the Winding Gulf Collieries, Charleston Coal Co., Piney Coking Coal Land Co., Juliette Coal Co., LaMar Colliery Co., Phelps Coal Co., George Creek Coal Co., Guyan Eagle Coal Co., Johnstown Coal \u0026amp; Coke Co., Fourseam Coal Corp., Carbon Fuel Co., Cannelton Coal \u0026amp; Coke Co., Redyard Coal Co., Race Fork Coal Co., Crystal Block Coal \u0026amp; Coke Co., Williams Coal Co., and the Spruce River Coal Co.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5645#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5645","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5645","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5645","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5645","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_5645.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/198782","title_ssm":["Smokeless Fuel Co. Records"],"title_tesim":["Smokeless Fuel Co. Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1935-1957"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1935-1957"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1928","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5645"],"text":["A\u0026M 1928","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5645","Smokeless Fuel Co. Records","Coal mining - coal companies.","Coal mining - coal operators associations.","Coal mining - Strip mining.","Coal mining.","Maps.","No special access restriction applies.","This collection consists of correspondence, reports, financial records, pamphlets, maps, photographs, clippings, and other papers of a coal company operating in southern West Virginia. Subjects include operators' associations, wages, prices, mine inspection reports, sales, strip mining, and freight rates. Other firms mentioned include the Winding Gulf Collieries, Charleston Coal Co., Piney Coking Coal Land Co., Juliette Coal Co., LaMar Colliery Co., Phelps Coal Co., George Creek Coal Co., Guyan Eagle Coal Co., Johnstown Coal \u0026 Coke Co., Fourseam Coal Corp., Carbon Fuel Co., Cannelton Coal \u0026 Coke Co., Redyard Coal Co., Race Fork Coal Co., Crystal Block Coal \u0026 Coke Co., Williams Coal Co., and the Spruce River Coal Co.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Smokeless Fuel Company","Cannelton Coal and Coke Company","Carbon Fuel Company","Charleston Coal Company","Crystal Block Coal and Coke Company","Fourseam Coal Corporation","Georges Creek Coal Company","Guyan Eagle Coal Company","Johnstown Coal and Coke Company","Juliette Coal Company","Lamar Colliery Company","Phelps Coal Company","Piney Coking Coal Land Company","Race Fork Coal Company","Redyard Coal Company","Spruce River Coal Company","Williams Coal Company  (Madisonville, Ky.)","Winding Gulf Collieries","Kelly, Robert G.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1928","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5645"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Smokeless Fuel Co. Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Smokeless Fuel Co. Records"],"collection_ssim":["Smokeless Fuel Co. Records"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Smokeless Fuel Company"],"creator_ssim":["Smokeless Fuel Company"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Smokeless Fuel Company"],"creators_ssim":["Smokeless Fuel Company"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Coal mining - coal companies.","Coal mining - coal operators associations.","Coal mining - Strip mining.","Coal mining.","Maps."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Coal mining - coal companies.","Coal mining - coal operators associations.","Coal mining - Strip mining.","Coal mining.","Maps."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.3 Linear Feet 3 ft. 4 in. (8 document cases, 5 in. each)"],"extent_tesim":["3.3 Linear Feet 3 ft. 4 in. (8 document cases, 5 in. each)"],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Smokeless Fuel Co. Records, A\u0026amp;M 1928, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Smokeless Fuel Co. Records, A\u0026M 1928, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of correspondence, reports, financial records, pamphlets, maps, photographs, clippings, and other papers of a coal company operating in southern West Virginia. Subjects include operators' associations, wages, prices, mine inspection reports, sales, strip mining, and freight rates. Other firms mentioned include the Winding Gulf Collieries, Charleston Coal Co., Piney Coking Coal Land Co., Juliette Coal Co., LaMar Colliery Co., Phelps Coal Co., George Creek Coal Co., Guyan Eagle Coal Co., Johnstown Coal \u0026amp; Coke Co., Fourseam Coal Corp., Carbon Fuel Co., Cannelton Coal \u0026amp; Coke Co., Redyard Coal Co., Race Fork Coal Co., Crystal Block Coal \u0026amp; Coke Co., Williams Coal Co., and the Spruce River Coal Co.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of correspondence, reports, financial records, pamphlets, maps, photographs, clippings, and other papers of a coal company operating in southern West Virginia. Subjects include operators' associations, wages, prices, mine inspection reports, sales, strip mining, and freight rates. Other firms mentioned include the Winding Gulf Collieries, Charleston Coal Co., Piney Coking Coal Land Co., Juliette Coal Co., LaMar Colliery Co., Phelps Coal Co., George Creek Coal Co., Guyan Eagle Coal Co., Johnstown Coal \u0026 Coke Co., Fourseam Coal Corp., Carbon Fuel Co., Cannelton Coal \u0026 Coke Co., Redyard Coal Co., Race Fork Coal Co., Crystal Block Coal \u0026 Coke Co., Williams Coal Co., and the Spruce River Coal Co."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_174e296f4dad51f6ad86a0d9e757f282\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["Cannelton Coal and Coke Company","Carbon Fuel Company","Charleston Coal Company","Crystal Block Coal and Coke Company","Fourseam Coal Corporation","Georges Creek Coal Company","Guyan Eagle Coal Company","Johnstown Coal and Coke Company","Juliette Coal Company","Lamar Colliery Company","Phelps Coal Company","Piney Coking Coal Land Company","Race Fork Coal Company","Redyard Coal Company","Smokeless Fuel Company","Spruce River Coal Company","Williams Coal Company  (Madisonville, Ky.)","Winding Gulf Collieries","Kelly, Robert G."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Smokeless Fuel Company","Cannelton Coal and Coke Company","Carbon Fuel Company","Charleston Coal Company","Crystal Block Coal and Coke Company","Fourseam Coal Corporation","Georges Creek Coal Company","Guyan Eagle Coal Company","Johnstown Coal and Coke Company","Juliette Coal Company","Lamar Colliery Company","Phelps Coal Company","Piney Coking Coal Land Company","Race Fork Coal Company","Redyard Coal Company","Spruce River Coal Company","Williams Coal Company  (Madisonville, Ky.)","Winding Gulf Collieries","Kelly, Robert G."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Smokeless Fuel Company","Cannelton Coal and Coke Company","Carbon Fuel Company","Charleston Coal Company","Crystal Block Coal and Coke Company","Fourseam Coal Corporation","Georges Creek Coal Company","Guyan Eagle Coal Company","Johnstown Coal and Coke Company","Juliette Coal Company","Lamar Colliery Company","Phelps Coal Company","Piney Coking Coal Land Company","Race Fork Coal Company","Redyard Coal Company","Spruce River Coal Company","Williams Coal Company  (Madisonville, Ky.)","Winding Gulf Collieries"],"persname_ssim":["Kelly, Robert G."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":582,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:11:01.443Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5645","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5645","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5645","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5645","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_5645.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/198782","title_ssm":["Smokeless Fuel Co. Records"],"title_tesim":["Smokeless Fuel Co. Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1935-1957"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1935-1957"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1928","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5645"],"text":["A\u0026M 1928","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5645","Smokeless Fuel Co. Records","Coal mining - coal companies.","Coal mining - coal operators associations.","Coal mining - Strip mining.","Coal mining.","Maps.","No special access restriction applies.","This collection consists of correspondence, reports, financial records, pamphlets, maps, photographs, clippings, and other papers of a coal company operating in southern West Virginia. Subjects include operators' associations, wages, prices, mine inspection reports, sales, strip mining, and freight rates. Other firms mentioned include the Winding Gulf Collieries, Charleston Coal Co., Piney Coking Coal Land Co., Juliette Coal Co., LaMar Colliery Co., Phelps Coal Co., George Creek Coal Co., Guyan Eagle Coal Co., Johnstown Coal \u0026 Coke Co., Fourseam Coal Corp., Carbon Fuel Co., Cannelton Coal \u0026 Coke Co., Redyard Coal Co., Race Fork Coal Co., Crystal Block Coal \u0026 Coke Co., Williams Coal Co., and the Spruce River Coal Co.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Smokeless Fuel Company","Cannelton Coal and Coke Company","Carbon Fuel Company","Charleston Coal Company","Crystal Block Coal and Coke Company","Fourseam Coal Corporation","Georges Creek Coal Company","Guyan Eagle Coal Company","Johnstown Coal and Coke Company","Juliette Coal Company","Lamar Colliery Company","Phelps Coal Company","Piney Coking Coal Land Company","Race Fork Coal Company","Redyard Coal Company","Spruce River Coal Company","Williams Coal Company  (Madisonville, Ky.)","Winding Gulf Collieries","Kelly, Robert G.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1928","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5645"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Smokeless Fuel Co. Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Smokeless Fuel Co. Records"],"collection_ssim":["Smokeless Fuel Co. Records"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Smokeless Fuel Company"],"creator_ssim":["Smokeless Fuel Company"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Smokeless Fuel Company"],"creators_ssim":["Smokeless Fuel Company"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Coal mining - coal companies.","Coal mining - coal operators associations.","Coal mining - Strip mining.","Coal mining.","Maps."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Coal mining - coal companies.","Coal mining - coal operators associations.","Coal mining - Strip mining.","Coal mining.","Maps."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.3 Linear Feet 3 ft. 4 in. (8 document cases, 5 in. each)"],"extent_tesim":["3.3 Linear Feet 3 ft. 4 in. (8 document cases, 5 in. each)"],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Smokeless Fuel Co. Records, A\u0026amp;M 1928, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Smokeless Fuel Co. Records, A\u0026M 1928, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of correspondence, reports, financial records, pamphlets, maps, photographs, clippings, and other papers of a coal company operating in southern West Virginia. Subjects include operators' associations, wages, prices, mine inspection reports, sales, strip mining, and freight rates. Other firms mentioned include the Winding Gulf Collieries, Charleston Coal Co., Piney Coking Coal Land Co., Juliette Coal Co., LaMar Colliery Co., Phelps Coal Co., George Creek Coal Co., Guyan Eagle Coal Co., Johnstown Coal \u0026amp; Coke Co., Fourseam Coal Corp., Carbon Fuel Co., Cannelton Coal \u0026amp; Coke Co., Redyard Coal Co., Race Fork Coal Co., Crystal Block Coal \u0026amp; Coke Co., Williams Coal Co., and the Spruce River Coal Co.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of correspondence, reports, financial records, pamphlets, maps, photographs, clippings, and other papers of a coal company operating in southern West Virginia. Subjects include operators' associations, wages, prices, mine inspection reports, sales, strip mining, and freight rates. Other firms mentioned include the Winding Gulf Collieries, Charleston Coal Co., Piney Coking Coal Land Co., Juliette Coal Co., LaMar Colliery Co., Phelps Coal Co., George Creek Coal Co., Guyan Eagle Coal Co., Johnstown Coal \u0026 Coke Co., Fourseam Coal Corp., Carbon Fuel Co., Cannelton Coal \u0026 Coke Co., Redyard Coal Co., Race Fork Coal Co., Crystal Block Coal \u0026 Coke Co., Williams Coal Co., and the Spruce River Coal Co."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_174e296f4dad51f6ad86a0d9e757f282\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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