{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Civil+rights+--+United+States\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1975","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Civil+rights+--+United+States\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1975\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":3,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_616","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia records, 1954/1984, bulk 1967/1984","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_616#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_616#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the work of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) of Virginia between 1967 and 1984. The subjects of this collection reflect the organization's mission and priorities during that period. They relate to a wide range of issues including academic freedom; due process; the rights of children and students; racial and sexual discrimination; the military draft; religion in public schools; the rights of women; the rights of prisoners; state reapportionment; the rights of the mentally disabled; and the rights of migrant workers.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_616#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_616","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_616","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_616","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_616","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_616.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/132886","title_ssm":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia records"],"title_tesim":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1954-1984","1967-1984"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1954-1984"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1967-1984"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1954/1984, bulk 1967/1984"],"normalized_title_ssm":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia records, 1954/1984, bulk 1967/1984"],"text":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia records, 1954/1984, bulk 1967/1984","MSS.85.2","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/616","Academic freedom -- United States","Apportionment (Election law) -- Virginia","Capital punishment -- Virginia","Children -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Civil rights -- United States","Draft -- United States","Equal rights amendments -- United States","Legal assistance to military personnel -- Virginia","Migrant agricultural laborers -- Virginia","People with mental disabilities -- Institutional care -- Virginia","Prisoners -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Religion in the public schools -- Law and legislation -- Virginia","Sex discrimination against women -- Law and legislation -- United States","Students -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Draft resisters -- United States","Women's rights -- United States","Race discrimination -- Law and legislation -- Virginia","to many of the materials in the ACLU of Virginia papers is restricted. Some documents are open to researchers, but most are either closed by law or require special permissions from the ACLU of Virginia. The restrictions that govern this collection are described below. They ensure the Law Library's compliance with applicable laws and institutional policies as well as the conditions of the ACLU's donation of these records to the University of Virginia.","Open to Researchers:","Researchers may view public documents in the collection without additional permissions. These include public court records, such as briefs, transcripts, and judgments. They also include press releases and media coverage of cases. Any public documents marked with attorney notes may be considered work-product privileged records and they are restricted.","Closed to Researchers:","1.\tAttorney-Client Privileged Records: Any item documenting communications between an attorney and a client or potential client. This includes but is not limited to written correspondence, memoranda to the file, notes, or any report of communication to or from a client or potential client. These records may be opened to researchers if the client or the client's legal representative waives the privilege in writing, and the ACLU of Virginia approves the release.","2.\tClassified Documents: These materials will remain closed until they are declassified. After which time, access may need to be approved by the ACLU of Virginia.","3.\tDocuments Placed Under Seal of Court or Protective Order: These materials will remain closed until they are unsealed and/or the protective order is modified. After which time, access may need to be approved by the ACLU of Virginia.","4.\tDocuments Identifying Anonymous Clients: Any documents identifying an anonymous or pseudonymous client will remain closed unless the client or the client's legal representative approves opening them in writing. After client approval, the ACLU of Virginia must also approve access.","5.\tTerms of a Confidential Settlement: Materials documenting terms of a confidential settlement will remain closed unless the parties involved waive their privilege to confidentiality in writing.","6.\tPersonnel Records: Records which deal with personnel issues, whether in personnel files or in other files maintained by the ACLU of Virginia, shall be closed until 75 years after their creation. When scattered personnel records are present in open files, they shall be governed by this paragraph. This restriction shall not apply if the person or persons to whom the record applies have given their permission in writing to disclose said information. Also, the ACLU of Virginia must approve the release of the records.","7.\tPersonally Identifiable Information Not Revealed in Public Court Documents: Records containing personally identifiable information not revealed in public court documents will be closed for seventy-five years (100 years if the information pertains to children). After that time, the ACLU of Virginia must also approve access to the documents.","Requires ACLU-VA Approval:","Some materials in this collection may be released to researchers with the ACLU of Virginia's approval. To access these materials, researchers must submit a written request to the University of Virginia Law Library. The request must include the researcher's name, the reason for the request, and a list of the requested materials. The University of Virginia Law Library will forward written requests to the ACLU of Virginia. The Library will inform researchers when the ACLU of Virginia has either approved or denied their requests.","Here is a list of materials that may be released with the approval of the ACLU of Virginia:","1.\tAdministrative Records of the ACLU-VA: These records document the ACLU-VA's operations and were maintained by its staff. These include, but are not limited to, reports, meeting minutes, agendas, memoranda, staff directories, topical files, project files, and other materials that do not contain information strictly closed to researchers (e.g., personnel records). These records are strictly closed for 20 years after creation or 10 years after their deposit in the UVA Law Library, whichever is later, but in no case for more than 30 years after the creation of the record. After these times, records may be released with the ACLU of Virginia's approval.","2.\tWork-Product Privileged Records: These records, most often found in case files, include correspondence, memoranda, drafts of briefs, written statements of witnesses, notes of mental impressions, personal recollections, and other materials prepared or created by ACLU attorneys while working on a case. These records are strictly closed for 20 years after the closure of the associated case or cases. After that time, they may be released with the ACLU-VA's approval. Any materials documenting communications with clients or potential clients remain protected by attorney-client privilege when mixed with work-product privileged records.","The collection is generally arranged into series and subseries according to the date of accession at the University of Virginia.","The first series contains materials that the ACLU-VA transferred to Alderman Library in nine installments. In 1988, archivists separated some of these materials into a tenth \"restricted\" subseries. The second series contains materials that the ACLU-VA directly transferred to the Arthur J. Morris Law Library.","The arrangement of items and files in the series and sub-series generally corresponds to their original order at the ACLU of Virginia's offices.","The ACLU of Virginia was begun in 1967, and by early 1968 had 1700 members. In that year, the National Development Council of the ACLU approved a grant proposal from the Virginia affiliate for funds to hire permanent staff. Between 1967 and 1985, the executive directorship had been held consecutively by Lauren Selden, Shalom Dubow, Betsy Brinson, and Chan Kendrick.","During the period documented in this collection, the ACLU of Virginia supported the rights of children, the intellectually disabled, students, women, homosexuals, and racial minorities. It funded projects to effect improvements in the treatment and living conditions of patients in the state's mental institutions, and migrant farmworkers on the Eastern Shore. It opposed religion in public schools, illegal police searches, and the imposition of dress or hair length codes in schools or the work place. In the General Assembly, the Virginia affiliate fought for the Equal Rights Amendment, the right to abortion, reapportionment, and certain court reforms and changes in the juvenile code. The organization was an active advocate for academic freedom and for the protection of individuals' privacy. It pushed for reform of drug laws and called for the end of capital punishment. The most extensive and visible project for Virginia's ACLU in the 1970's and early 1980's was the prison project. The prison project was a movement to insure adequate legal protection of inmates, as well as to improve their living conditions and treatment.","In nine installments, between 1971 and 1985, the ACLU of Virginia transferred much of this collection to the University of Virginia's Alderman Library. The initial installment was accessioned as #9690, and succeeding ones were numbered #9690-a, -b, etc.","This collection documents the work of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) of Virginia between 1967 and 1984. The subjects of this collection reflect the organization's mission and priorities during that period. They relate to a wide range of issues including academic freedom; due process; the rights of children and students; racial and sexual discrimination; the military draft; religion in public schools; the rights of women; the rights of prisoners; state reapportionment; the rights of the mentally disabled; and the rights of migrant workers.","ACLU of Virginia staff members created and maintained the records in this collection, which include meeting minutes, correspondence, personnel records, reports, press releases, broadsides, memoranda, case files, project files, and topical files.","Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creators of the content.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia records, 1954/1984, bulk 1967/1984"],"collection_ssim":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia records, 1954/1984, bulk 1967/1984"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.85.2","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/616"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.85.2","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/616"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"creator_ssim":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"creators_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"access_terms_ssm":["Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creators of the content."],"acqinfo_ssim":["In 1985, the executive director of the ACLU of Virginia, Chan Kendrick, approved the transfer of the existing ACLU collection from the University of Virginia's Alderman Library to the Arthur J. Morris Law Library. Then in 1986, the ACLU transferred additional materials directly to the Law Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Academic freedom -- United States","Apportionment (Election law) -- Virginia","Capital punishment -- Virginia","Children -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Civil rights -- United States","Draft -- United States","Equal rights amendments -- United States","Legal assistance to military personnel -- Virginia","Migrant agricultural laborers -- Virginia","People with mental disabilities -- Institutional care -- Virginia","Prisoners -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Religion in the public schools -- Law and legislation -- Virginia","Sex discrimination against women -- Law and legislation -- United States","Students -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Draft resisters -- United States","Women's rights -- United States","Race discrimination -- Law and legislation -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Academic freedom -- United States","Apportionment (Election law) -- Virginia","Capital punishment -- Virginia","Children -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Civil rights -- United States","Draft -- United States","Equal rights amendments -- United States","Legal assistance to military personnel -- Virginia","Migrant agricultural laborers -- Virginia","People with mental disabilities -- Institutional care -- Virginia","Prisoners -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Religion in the public schools -- Law and legislation -- Virginia","Sex discrimination against women -- Law and legislation -- United States","Students -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Draft resisters -- United States","Women's rights -- United States","Race discrimination -- Law and legislation -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["120 Cubic Feet 254 archival boxes"],"extent_tesim":["120 Cubic Feet 254 archival boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eto many of the materials in the ACLU of Virginia papers is restricted. Some documents are open to researchers, but most are either closed by law or require special permissions from the ACLU of Virginia. The restrictions that govern this collection are described below. They ensure the Law Library's compliance with applicable laws and institutional policies as well as the conditions of the ACLU's donation of these records to the University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph\u003eOpen to Researchers:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may view public documents in the collection without additional permissions. These include public court records, such as briefs, transcripts, and judgments. They also include press releases and media coverage of cases. Any public documents marked with attorney notes may be considered work-product privileged records and they are restricted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph\u003eClosed to Researchers:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.\tAttorney-Client Privileged Records: Any item documenting communications between an attorney and a client or potential client. This includes but is not limited to written correspondence, memoranda to the file, notes, or any report of communication to or from a client or potential client. These records may be opened to researchers if the client or the client's legal representative waives the privilege in writing, and the ACLU of Virginia approves the release.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2.\tClassified Documents: These materials will remain closed until they are declassified. After which time, access may need to be approved by the ACLU of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3.\tDocuments Placed Under Seal of Court or Protective Order: These materials will remain closed until they are unsealed and/or the protective order is modified. After which time, access may need to be approved by the ACLU of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4.\tDocuments Identifying Anonymous Clients: Any documents identifying an anonymous or pseudonymous client will remain closed unless the client or the client's legal representative approves opening them in writing. After client approval, the ACLU of Virginia must also approve access.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5.\tTerms of a Confidential Settlement: Materials documenting terms of a confidential settlement will remain closed unless the parties involved waive their privilege to confidentiality in writing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.\tPersonnel Records: Records which deal with personnel issues, whether in personnel files or in other files maintained by the ACLU of Virginia, shall be closed until 75 years after their creation. When scattered personnel records are present in open files, they shall be governed by this paragraph. This restriction shall not apply if the person or persons to whom the record applies have given their permission in writing to disclose said information. Also, the ACLU of Virginia must approve the release of the records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7.\tPersonally Identifiable Information Not Revealed in Public Court Documents: Records containing personally identifiable information not revealed in public court documents will be closed for seventy-five years (100 years if the information pertains to children). After that time, the ACLU of Virginia must also approve access to the documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph\u003eAccess Requires ACLU-VA Approval:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome materials in this collection may be released to researchers with the ACLU of Virginia's approval. To access these materials, researchers must submit a written request to the University of Virginia Law Library. The request must include the researcher's name, the reason for the request, and a list of the requested materials. The University of Virginia Law Library will forward written requests to the ACLU of Virginia. The Library will inform researchers when the ACLU of Virginia has either approved or denied their requests.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHere is a list of materials that may be released with the approval of the ACLU of Virginia:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.\tAdministrative Records of the ACLU-VA: These records document the ACLU-VA's operations and were maintained by its staff. These include, but are not limited to, reports, meeting minutes, agendas, memoranda, staff directories, topical files, project files, and other materials that do not contain information strictly closed to researchers (e.g., personnel records). These records are strictly closed for 20 years after creation or 10 years after their deposit in the UVA Law Library, whichever is later, but in no case for more than 30 years after the creation of the record. After these times, records may be released with the ACLU of Virginia's approval.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2.\tWork-Product Privileged Records: These records, most often found in case files, include correspondence, memoranda, drafts of briefs, written statements of witnesses, notes of mental impressions, personal recollections, and other materials prepared or created by ACLU attorneys while working on a case. These records are strictly closed for 20 years after the closure of the associated case or cases. After that time, they may be released with the ACLU-VA's approval. Any materials documenting communications with clients or potential clients remain protected by attorney-client privilege when mixed with work-product privileged records.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["to many of the materials in the ACLU of Virginia papers is restricted. Some documents are open to researchers, but most are either closed by law or require special permissions from the ACLU of Virginia. The restrictions that govern this collection are described below. They ensure the Law Library's compliance with applicable laws and institutional policies as well as the conditions of the ACLU's donation of these records to the University of Virginia.","Open to Researchers:","Researchers may view public documents in the collection without additional permissions. These include public court records, such as briefs, transcripts, and judgments. They also include press releases and media coverage of cases. Any public documents marked with attorney notes may be considered work-product privileged records and they are restricted.","Closed to Researchers:","1.\tAttorney-Client Privileged Records: Any item documenting communications between an attorney and a client or potential client. This includes but is not limited to written correspondence, memoranda to the file, notes, or any report of communication to or from a client or potential client. These records may be opened to researchers if the client or the client's legal representative waives the privilege in writing, and the ACLU of Virginia approves the release.","2.\tClassified Documents: These materials will remain closed until they are declassified. After which time, access may need to be approved by the ACLU of Virginia.","3.\tDocuments Placed Under Seal of Court or Protective Order: These materials will remain closed until they are unsealed and/or the protective order is modified. After which time, access may need to be approved by the ACLU of Virginia.","4.\tDocuments Identifying Anonymous Clients: Any documents identifying an anonymous or pseudonymous client will remain closed unless the client or the client's legal representative approves opening them in writing. After client approval, the ACLU of Virginia must also approve access.","5.\tTerms of a Confidential Settlement: Materials documenting terms of a confidential settlement will remain closed unless the parties involved waive their privilege to confidentiality in writing.","6.\tPersonnel Records: Records which deal with personnel issues, whether in personnel files or in other files maintained by the ACLU of Virginia, shall be closed until 75 years after their creation. When scattered personnel records are present in open files, they shall be governed by this paragraph. This restriction shall not apply if the person or persons to whom the record applies have given their permission in writing to disclose said information. Also, the ACLU of Virginia must approve the release of the records.","7.\tPersonally Identifiable Information Not Revealed in Public Court Documents: Records containing personally identifiable information not revealed in public court documents will be closed for seventy-five years (100 years if the information pertains to children). After that time, the ACLU of Virginia must also approve access to the documents.","Requires ACLU-VA Approval:","Some materials in this collection may be released to researchers with the ACLU of Virginia's approval. To access these materials, researchers must submit a written request to the University of Virginia Law Library. The request must include the researcher's name, the reason for the request, and a list of the requested materials. The University of Virginia Law Library will forward written requests to the ACLU of Virginia. The Library will inform researchers when the ACLU of Virginia has either approved or denied their requests.","Here is a list of materials that may be released with the approval of the ACLU of Virginia:","1.\tAdministrative Records of the ACLU-VA: These records document the ACLU-VA's operations and were maintained by its staff. These include, but are not limited to, reports, meeting minutes, agendas, memoranda, staff directories, topical files, project files, and other materials that do not contain information strictly closed to researchers (e.g., personnel records). These records are strictly closed for 20 years after creation or 10 years after their deposit in the UVA Law Library, whichever is later, but in no case for more than 30 years after the creation of the record. After these times, records may be released with the ACLU of Virginia's approval.","2.\tWork-Product Privileged Records: These records, most often found in case files, include correspondence, memoranda, drafts of briefs, written statements of witnesses, notes of mental impressions, personal recollections, and other materials prepared or created by ACLU attorneys while working on a case. These records are strictly closed for 20 years after the closure of the associated case or cases. After that time, they may be released with the ACLU-VA's approval. Any materials documenting communications with clients or potential clients remain protected by attorney-client privilege when mixed with work-product privileged records."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is generally arranged into series and subseries according to the date of accession at the University of Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first series contains materials that the ACLU-VA transferred to Alderman Library in nine installments. In 1988, archivists separated some of these materials into a tenth \"restricted\" subseries. The second series contains materials that the ACLU-VA directly transferred to the Arthur J. Morris Law Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe arrangement of items and files in the series and sub-series generally corresponds to their original order at the ACLU of Virginia's offices.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is generally arranged into series and subseries according to the date of accession at the University of Virginia.","The first series contains materials that the ACLU-VA transferred to Alderman Library in nine installments. In 1988, archivists separated some of these materials into a tenth \"restricted\" subseries. The second series contains materials that the ACLU-VA directly transferred to the Arthur J. Morris Law Library.","The arrangement of items and files in the series and sub-series generally corresponds to their original order at the ACLU of Virginia's offices."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe ACLU of Virginia was begun in 1967, and by early 1968 had 1700 members. In that year, the National Development Council of the ACLU approved a grant proposal from the Virginia affiliate for funds to hire permanent staff. Between 1967 and 1985, the executive directorship had been held consecutively by Lauren Selden, Shalom Dubow, Betsy Brinson, and Chan Kendrick.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the period documented in this collection, the ACLU of Virginia supported the rights of children, the intellectually disabled, students, women, homosexuals, and racial minorities. It funded projects to effect improvements in the treatment and living conditions of patients in the state's mental institutions, and migrant farmworkers on the Eastern Shore. It opposed religion in public schools, illegal police searches, and the imposition of dress or hair length codes in schools or the work place. In the General Assembly, the Virginia affiliate fought for the Equal Rights Amendment, the right to abortion, reapportionment, and certain court reforms and changes in the juvenile code. The organization was an active advocate for academic freedom and for the protection of individuals' privacy. It pushed for reform of drug laws and called for the end of capital punishment. The most extensive and visible project for Virginia's ACLU in the 1970's and early 1980's was the prison project. The prison project was a movement to insure adequate legal protection of inmates, as well as to improve their living conditions and treatment.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The ACLU of Virginia was begun in 1967, and by early 1968 had 1700 members. In that year, the National Development Council of the ACLU approved a grant proposal from the Virginia affiliate for funds to hire permanent staff. Between 1967 and 1985, the executive directorship had been held consecutively by Lauren Selden, Shalom Dubow, Betsy Brinson, and Chan Kendrick.","During the period documented in this collection, the ACLU of Virginia supported the rights of children, the intellectually disabled, students, women, homosexuals, and racial minorities. It funded projects to effect improvements in the treatment and living conditions of patients in the state's mental institutions, and migrant farmworkers on the Eastern Shore. It opposed religion in public schools, illegal police searches, and the imposition of dress or hair length codes in schools or the work place. In the General Assembly, the Virginia affiliate fought for the Equal Rights Amendment, the right to abortion, reapportionment, and certain court reforms and changes in the juvenile code. The organization was an active advocate for academic freedom and for the protection of individuals' privacy. It pushed for reform of drug laws and called for the end of capital punishment. The most extensive and visible project for Virginia's ACLU in the 1970's and early 1980's was the prison project. The prison project was a movement to insure adequate legal protection of inmates, as well as to improve their living conditions and treatment."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn nine installments, between 1971 and 1985, the ACLU of Virginia transferred much of this collection to the University of Virginia's Alderman Library. The initial installment was accessioned as #9690, and succeeding ones were numbered #9690-a, -b, etc.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["In nine installments, between 1971 and 1985, the ACLU of Virginia transferred much of this collection to the University of Virginia's Alderman Library. The initial installment was accessioned as #9690, and succeeding ones were numbered #9690-a, -b, etc."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the work of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) of Virginia between 1967 and 1984. The subjects of this collection reflect the organization's mission and priorities during that period. They relate to a wide range of issues including academic freedom; due process; the rights of children and students; racial and sexual discrimination; the military draft; religion in public schools; the rights of women; the rights of prisoners; state reapportionment; the rights of the mentally disabled; and the rights of migrant workers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eACLU of Virginia staff members created and maintained the records in this collection, which include meeting minutes, correspondence, personnel records, reports, press releases, broadsides, memoranda, case files, project files, and topical files. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents the work of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) of Virginia between 1967 and 1984. The subjects of this collection reflect the organization's mission and priorities during that period. They relate to a wide range of issues including academic freedom; due process; the rights of children and students; racial and sexual discrimination; the military draft; religion in public schools; the rights of women; the rights of prisoners; state reapportionment; the rights of the mentally disabled; and the rights of migrant workers.","ACLU of Virginia staff members created and maintained the records in this collection, which include meeting minutes, correspondence, personnel records, reports, press releases, broadsides, memoranda, case files, project files, and topical files."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creators of the content.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creators of the content."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1115,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-15T00:04:49.439Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_616","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_616","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_616","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_616","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_616.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/132886","title_ssm":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia records"],"title_tesim":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1954-1984","1967-1984"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1954-1984"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1967-1984"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1954/1984, bulk 1967/1984"],"normalized_title_ssm":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia records, 1954/1984, bulk 1967/1984"],"text":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia records, 1954/1984, bulk 1967/1984","MSS.85.2","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/616","Academic freedom -- United States","Apportionment (Election law) -- Virginia","Capital punishment -- Virginia","Children -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Civil rights -- United States","Draft -- United States","Equal rights amendments -- United States","Legal assistance to military personnel -- Virginia","Migrant agricultural laborers -- Virginia","People with mental disabilities -- Institutional care -- Virginia","Prisoners -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Religion in the public schools -- Law and legislation -- Virginia","Sex discrimination against women -- Law and legislation -- United States","Students -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Draft resisters -- United States","Women's rights -- United States","Race discrimination -- Law and legislation -- Virginia","to many of the materials in the ACLU of Virginia papers is restricted. Some documents are open to researchers, but most are either closed by law or require special permissions from the ACLU of Virginia. The restrictions that govern this collection are described below. They ensure the Law Library's compliance with applicable laws and institutional policies as well as the conditions of the ACLU's donation of these records to the University of Virginia.","Open to Researchers:","Researchers may view public documents in the collection without additional permissions. These include public court records, such as briefs, transcripts, and judgments. They also include press releases and media coverage of cases. Any public documents marked with attorney notes may be considered work-product privileged records and they are restricted.","Closed to Researchers:","1.\tAttorney-Client Privileged Records: Any item documenting communications between an attorney and a client or potential client. This includes but is not limited to written correspondence, memoranda to the file, notes, or any report of communication to or from a client or potential client. These records may be opened to researchers if the client or the client's legal representative waives the privilege in writing, and the ACLU of Virginia approves the release.","2.\tClassified Documents: These materials will remain closed until they are declassified. After which time, access may need to be approved by the ACLU of Virginia.","3.\tDocuments Placed Under Seal of Court or Protective Order: These materials will remain closed until they are unsealed and/or the protective order is modified. After which time, access may need to be approved by the ACLU of Virginia.","4.\tDocuments Identifying Anonymous Clients: Any documents identifying an anonymous or pseudonymous client will remain closed unless the client or the client's legal representative approves opening them in writing. After client approval, the ACLU of Virginia must also approve access.","5.\tTerms of a Confidential Settlement: Materials documenting terms of a confidential settlement will remain closed unless the parties involved waive their privilege to confidentiality in writing.","6.\tPersonnel Records: Records which deal with personnel issues, whether in personnel files or in other files maintained by the ACLU of Virginia, shall be closed until 75 years after their creation. When scattered personnel records are present in open files, they shall be governed by this paragraph. This restriction shall not apply if the person or persons to whom the record applies have given their permission in writing to disclose said information. Also, the ACLU of Virginia must approve the release of the records.","7.\tPersonally Identifiable Information Not Revealed in Public Court Documents: Records containing personally identifiable information not revealed in public court documents will be closed for seventy-five years (100 years if the information pertains to children). After that time, the ACLU of Virginia must also approve access to the documents.","Requires ACLU-VA Approval:","Some materials in this collection may be released to researchers with the ACLU of Virginia's approval. To access these materials, researchers must submit a written request to the University of Virginia Law Library. The request must include the researcher's name, the reason for the request, and a list of the requested materials. The University of Virginia Law Library will forward written requests to the ACLU of Virginia. The Library will inform researchers when the ACLU of Virginia has either approved or denied their requests.","Here is a list of materials that may be released with the approval of the ACLU of Virginia:","1.\tAdministrative Records of the ACLU-VA: These records document the ACLU-VA's operations and were maintained by its staff. These include, but are not limited to, reports, meeting minutes, agendas, memoranda, staff directories, topical files, project files, and other materials that do not contain information strictly closed to researchers (e.g., personnel records). These records are strictly closed for 20 years after creation or 10 years after their deposit in the UVA Law Library, whichever is later, but in no case for more than 30 years after the creation of the record. After these times, records may be released with the ACLU of Virginia's approval.","2.\tWork-Product Privileged Records: These records, most often found in case files, include correspondence, memoranda, drafts of briefs, written statements of witnesses, notes of mental impressions, personal recollections, and other materials prepared or created by ACLU attorneys while working on a case. These records are strictly closed for 20 years after the closure of the associated case or cases. After that time, they may be released with the ACLU-VA's approval. Any materials documenting communications with clients or potential clients remain protected by attorney-client privilege when mixed with work-product privileged records.","The collection is generally arranged into series and subseries according to the date of accession at the University of Virginia.","The first series contains materials that the ACLU-VA transferred to Alderman Library in nine installments. In 1988, archivists separated some of these materials into a tenth \"restricted\" subseries. The second series contains materials that the ACLU-VA directly transferred to the Arthur J. Morris Law Library.","The arrangement of items and files in the series and sub-series generally corresponds to their original order at the ACLU of Virginia's offices.","The ACLU of Virginia was begun in 1967, and by early 1968 had 1700 members. In that year, the National Development Council of the ACLU approved a grant proposal from the Virginia affiliate for funds to hire permanent staff. Between 1967 and 1985, the executive directorship had been held consecutively by Lauren Selden, Shalom Dubow, Betsy Brinson, and Chan Kendrick.","During the period documented in this collection, the ACLU of Virginia supported the rights of children, the intellectually disabled, students, women, homosexuals, and racial minorities. It funded projects to effect improvements in the treatment and living conditions of patients in the state's mental institutions, and migrant farmworkers on the Eastern Shore. It opposed religion in public schools, illegal police searches, and the imposition of dress or hair length codes in schools or the work place. In the General Assembly, the Virginia affiliate fought for the Equal Rights Amendment, the right to abortion, reapportionment, and certain court reforms and changes in the juvenile code. The organization was an active advocate for academic freedom and for the protection of individuals' privacy. It pushed for reform of drug laws and called for the end of capital punishment. The most extensive and visible project for Virginia's ACLU in the 1970's and early 1980's was the prison project. The prison project was a movement to insure adequate legal protection of inmates, as well as to improve their living conditions and treatment.","In nine installments, between 1971 and 1985, the ACLU of Virginia transferred much of this collection to the University of Virginia's Alderman Library. The initial installment was accessioned as #9690, and succeeding ones were numbered #9690-a, -b, etc.","This collection documents the work of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) of Virginia between 1967 and 1984. The subjects of this collection reflect the organization's mission and priorities during that period. They relate to a wide range of issues including academic freedom; due process; the rights of children and students; racial and sexual discrimination; the military draft; religion in public schools; the rights of women; the rights of prisoners; state reapportionment; the rights of the mentally disabled; and the rights of migrant workers.","ACLU of Virginia staff members created and maintained the records in this collection, which include meeting minutes, correspondence, personnel records, reports, press releases, broadsides, memoranda, case files, project files, and topical files.","Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creators of the content.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia records, 1954/1984, bulk 1967/1984"],"collection_ssim":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia records, 1954/1984, bulk 1967/1984"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.85.2","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/616"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.85.2","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/616"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"creator_ssim":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"creators_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"access_terms_ssm":["Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creators of the content."],"acqinfo_ssim":["In 1985, the executive director of the ACLU of Virginia, Chan Kendrick, approved the transfer of the existing ACLU collection from the University of Virginia's Alderman Library to the Arthur J. Morris Law Library. Then in 1986, the ACLU transferred additional materials directly to the Law Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Academic freedom -- United States","Apportionment (Election law) -- Virginia","Capital punishment -- Virginia","Children -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Civil rights -- United States","Draft -- United States","Equal rights amendments -- United States","Legal assistance to military personnel -- Virginia","Migrant agricultural laborers -- Virginia","People with mental disabilities -- Institutional care -- Virginia","Prisoners -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Religion in the public schools -- Law and legislation -- Virginia","Sex discrimination against women -- Law and legislation -- United States","Students -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Draft resisters -- United States","Women's rights -- United States","Race discrimination -- Law and legislation -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Academic freedom -- United States","Apportionment (Election law) -- Virginia","Capital punishment -- Virginia","Children -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Civil rights -- United States","Draft -- United States","Equal rights amendments -- United States","Legal assistance to military personnel -- Virginia","Migrant agricultural laborers -- Virginia","People with mental disabilities -- Institutional care -- Virginia","Prisoners -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Religion in the public schools -- Law and legislation -- Virginia","Sex discrimination against women -- Law and legislation -- United States","Students -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Draft resisters -- United States","Women's rights -- United States","Race discrimination -- Law and legislation -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["120 Cubic Feet 254 archival boxes"],"extent_tesim":["120 Cubic Feet 254 archival boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eto many of the materials in the ACLU of Virginia papers is restricted. Some documents are open to researchers, but most are either closed by law or require special permissions from the ACLU of Virginia. The restrictions that govern this collection are described below. They ensure the Law Library's compliance with applicable laws and institutional policies as well as the conditions of the ACLU's donation of these records to the University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph\u003eOpen to Researchers:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may view public documents in the collection without additional permissions. These include public court records, such as briefs, transcripts, and judgments. They also include press releases and media coverage of cases. Any public documents marked with attorney notes may be considered work-product privileged records and they are restricted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph\u003eClosed to Researchers:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.\tAttorney-Client Privileged Records: Any item documenting communications between an attorney and a client or potential client. This includes but is not limited to written correspondence, memoranda to the file, notes, or any report of communication to or from a client or potential client. These records may be opened to researchers if the client or the client's legal representative waives the privilege in writing, and the ACLU of Virginia approves the release.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2.\tClassified Documents: These materials will remain closed until they are declassified. After which time, access may need to be approved by the ACLU of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3.\tDocuments Placed Under Seal of Court or Protective Order: These materials will remain closed until they are unsealed and/or the protective order is modified. After which time, access may need to be approved by the ACLU of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4.\tDocuments Identifying Anonymous Clients: Any documents identifying an anonymous or pseudonymous client will remain closed unless the client or the client's legal representative approves opening them in writing. After client approval, the ACLU of Virginia must also approve access.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5.\tTerms of a Confidential Settlement: Materials documenting terms of a confidential settlement will remain closed unless the parties involved waive their privilege to confidentiality in writing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.\tPersonnel Records: Records which deal with personnel issues, whether in personnel files or in other files maintained by the ACLU of Virginia, shall be closed until 75 years after their creation. When scattered personnel records are present in open files, they shall be governed by this paragraph. This restriction shall not apply if the person or persons to whom the record applies have given their permission in writing to disclose said information. Also, the ACLU of Virginia must approve the release of the records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7.\tPersonally Identifiable Information Not Revealed in Public Court Documents: Records containing personally identifiable information not revealed in public court documents will be closed for seventy-five years (100 years if the information pertains to children). After that time, the ACLU of Virginia must also approve access to the documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph\u003eAccess Requires ACLU-VA Approval:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome materials in this collection may be released to researchers with the ACLU of Virginia's approval. To access these materials, researchers must submit a written request to the University of Virginia Law Library. The request must include the researcher's name, the reason for the request, and a list of the requested materials. The University of Virginia Law Library will forward written requests to the ACLU of Virginia. The Library will inform researchers when the ACLU of Virginia has either approved or denied their requests.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHere is a list of materials that may be released with the approval of the ACLU of Virginia:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.\tAdministrative Records of the ACLU-VA: These records document the ACLU-VA's operations and were maintained by its staff. These include, but are not limited to, reports, meeting minutes, agendas, memoranda, staff directories, topical files, project files, and other materials that do not contain information strictly closed to researchers (e.g., personnel records). These records are strictly closed for 20 years after creation or 10 years after their deposit in the UVA Law Library, whichever is later, but in no case for more than 30 years after the creation of the record. After these times, records may be released with the ACLU of Virginia's approval.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2.\tWork-Product Privileged Records: These records, most often found in case files, include correspondence, memoranda, drafts of briefs, written statements of witnesses, notes of mental impressions, personal recollections, and other materials prepared or created by ACLU attorneys while working on a case. These records are strictly closed for 20 years after the closure of the associated case or cases. After that time, they may be released with the ACLU-VA's approval. Any materials documenting communications with clients or potential clients remain protected by attorney-client privilege when mixed with work-product privileged records.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["to many of the materials in the ACLU of Virginia papers is restricted. Some documents are open to researchers, but most are either closed by law or require special permissions from the ACLU of Virginia. The restrictions that govern this collection are described below. They ensure the Law Library's compliance with applicable laws and institutional policies as well as the conditions of the ACLU's donation of these records to the University of Virginia.","Open to Researchers:","Researchers may view public documents in the collection without additional permissions. These include public court records, such as briefs, transcripts, and judgments. They also include press releases and media coverage of cases. Any public documents marked with attorney notes may be considered work-product privileged records and they are restricted.","Closed to Researchers:","1.\tAttorney-Client Privileged Records: Any item documenting communications between an attorney and a client or potential client. This includes but is not limited to written correspondence, memoranda to the file, notes, or any report of communication to or from a client or potential client. These records may be opened to researchers if the client or the client's legal representative waives the privilege in writing, and the ACLU of Virginia approves the release.","2.\tClassified Documents: These materials will remain closed until they are declassified. After which time, access may need to be approved by the ACLU of Virginia.","3.\tDocuments Placed Under Seal of Court or Protective Order: These materials will remain closed until they are unsealed and/or the protective order is modified. After which time, access may need to be approved by the ACLU of Virginia.","4.\tDocuments Identifying Anonymous Clients: Any documents identifying an anonymous or pseudonymous client will remain closed unless the client or the client's legal representative approves opening them in writing. After client approval, the ACLU of Virginia must also approve access.","5.\tTerms of a Confidential Settlement: Materials documenting terms of a confidential settlement will remain closed unless the parties involved waive their privilege to confidentiality in writing.","6.\tPersonnel Records: Records which deal with personnel issues, whether in personnel files or in other files maintained by the ACLU of Virginia, shall be closed until 75 years after their creation. When scattered personnel records are present in open files, they shall be governed by this paragraph. This restriction shall not apply if the person or persons to whom the record applies have given their permission in writing to disclose said information. Also, the ACLU of Virginia must approve the release of the records.","7.\tPersonally Identifiable Information Not Revealed in Public Court Documents: Records containing personally identifiable information not revealed in public court documents will be closed for seventy-five years (100 years if the information pertains to children). After that time, the ACLU of Virginia must also approve access to the documents.","Requires ACLU-VA Approval:","Some materials in this collection may be released to researchers with the ACLU of Virginia's approval. To access these materials, researchers must submit a written request to the University of Virginia Law Library. The request must include the researcher's name, the reason for the request, and a list of the requested materials. The University of Virginia Law Library will forward written requests to the ACLU of Virginia. The Library will inform researchers when the ACLU of Virginia has either approved or denied their requests.","Here is a list of materials that may be released with the approval of the ACLU of Virginia:","1.\tAdministrative Records of the ACLU-VA: These records document the ACLU-VA's operations and were maintained by its staff. These include, but are not limited to, reports, meeting minutes, agendas, memoranda, staff directories, topical files, project files, and other materials that do not contain information strictly closed to researchers (e.g., personnel records). These records are strictly closed for 20 years after creation or 10 years after their deposit in the UVA Law Library, whichever is later, but in no case for more than 30 years after the creation of the record. After these times, records may be released with the ACLU of Virginia's approval.","2.\tWork-Product Privileged Records: These records, most often found in case files, include correspondence, memoranda, drafts of briefs, written statements of witnesses, notes of mental impressions, personal recollections, and other materials prepared or created by ACLU attorneys while working on a case. These records are strictly closed for 20 years after the closure of the associated case or cases. After that time, they may be released with the ACLU-VA's approval. Any materials documenting communications with clients or potential clients remain protected by attorney-client privilege when mixed with work-product privileged records."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is generally arranged into series and subseries according to the date of accession at the University of Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first series contains materials that the ACLU-VA transferred to Alderman Library in nine installments. In 1988, archivists separated some of these materials into a tenth \"restricted\" subseries. The second series contains materials that the ACLU-VA directly transferred to the Arthur J. Morris Law Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe arrangement of items and files in the series and sub-series generally corresponds to their original order at the ACLU of Virginia's offices.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is generally arranged into series and subseries according to the date of accession at the University of Virginia.","The first series contains materials that the ACLU-VA transferred to Alderman Library in nine installments. In 1988, archivists separated some of these materials into a tenth \"restricted\" subseries. The second series contains materials that the ACLU-VA directly transferred to the Arthur J. Morris Law Library.","The arrangement of items and files in the series and sub-series generally corresponds to their original order at the ACLU of Virginia's offices."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe ACLU of Virginia was begun in 1967, and by early 1968 had 1700 members. In that year, the National Development Council of the ACLU approved a grant proposal from the Virginia affiliate for funds to hire permanent staff. Between 1967 and 1985, the executive directorship had been held consecutively by Lauren Selden, Shalom Dubow, Betsy Brinson, and Chan Kendrick.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the period documented in this collection, the ACLU of Virginia supported the rights of children, the intellectually disabled, students, women, homosexuals, and racial minorities. It funded projects to effect improvements in the treatment and living conditions of patients in the state's mental institutions, and migrant farmworkers on the Eastern Shore. It opposed religion in public schools, illegal police searches, and the imposition of dress or hair length codes in schools or the work place. In the General Assembly, the Virginia affiliate fought for the Equal Rights Amendment, the right to abortion, reapportionment, and certain court reforms and changes in the juvenile code. The organization was an active advocate for academic freedom and for the protection of individuals' privacy. It pushed for reform of drug laws and called for the end of capital punishment. The most extensive and visible project for Virginia's ACLU in the 1970's and early 1980's was the prison project. The prison project was a movement to insure adequate legal protection of inmates, as well as to improve their living conditions and treatment.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The ACLU of Virginia was begun in 1967, and by early 1968 had 1700 members. In that year, the National Development Council of the ACLU approved a grant proposal from the Virginia affiliate for funds to hire permanent staff. Between 1967 and 1985, the executive directorship had been held consecutively by Lauren Selden, Shalom Dubow, Betsy Brinson, and Chan Kendrick.","During the period documented in this collection, the ACLU of Virginia supported the rights of children, the intellectually disabled, students, women, homosexuals, and racial minorities. It funded projects to effect improvements in the treatment and living conditions of patients in the state's mental institutions, and migrant farmworkers on the Eastern Shore. It opposed religion in public schools, illegal police searches, and the imposition of dress or hair length codes in schools or the work place. In the General Assembly, the Virginia affiliate fought for the Equal Rights Amendment, the right to abortion, reapportionment, and certain court reforms and changes in the juvenile code. The organization was an active advocate for academic freedom and for the protection of individuals' privacy. It pushed for reform of drug laws and called for the end of capital punishment. The most extensive and visible project for Virginia's ACLU in the 1970's and early 1980's was the prison project. The prison project was a movement to insure adequate legal protection of inmates, as well as to improve their living conditions and treatment."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn nine installments, between 1971 and 1985, the ACLU of Virginia transferred much of this collection to the University of Virginia's Alderman Library. The initial installment was accessioned as #9690, and succeeding ones were numbered #9690-a, -b, etc.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["In nine installments, between 1971 and 1985, the ACLU of Virginia transferred much of this collection to the University of Virginia's Alderman Library. The initial installment was accessioned as #9690, and succeeding ones were numbered #9690-a, -b, etc."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the work of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) of Virginia between 1967 and 1984. The subjects of this collection reflect the organization's mission and priorities during that period. They relate to a wide range of issues including academic freedom; due process; the rights of children and students; racial and sexual discrimination; the military draft; religion in public schools; the rights of women; the rights of prisoners; state reapportionment; the rights of the mentally disabled; and the rights of migrant workers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eACLU of Virginia staff members created and maintained the records in this collection, which include meeting minutes, correspondence, personnel records, reports, press releases, broadsides, memoranda, case files, project files, and topical files. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents the work of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) of Virginia between 1967 and 1984. The subjects of this collection reflect the organization's mission and priorities during that period. They relate to a wide range of issues including academic freedom; due process; the rights of children and students; racial and sexual discrimination; the military draft; religion in public schools; the rights of women; the rights of prisoners; state reapportionment; the rights of the mentally disabled; and the rights of migrant workers.","ACLU of Virginia staff members created and maintained the records in this collection, which include meeting minutes, correspondence, personnel records, reports, press releases, broadsides, memoranda, case files, project files, and topical files."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creators of the content.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creators of the content."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. 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West Virginia and Regional History Center","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6962#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Regina Charon (1946-2004) was a civil rights lawyer who is best known for her work in unemployment law, sex discrimination law, and LGBT adoption law. The collection includes biographies about Regina Charon's life and life's work as a lawyer, focusing on civil rights. Topics include the 1977-1978 WVU Council for Women's Concerns, the Regina Charon Zealous Advocate Award, and the Regina Charon Fellowship for Law and the Public Interest. 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Charon obtained her law degree from West Virginia University (WVU) in 1976. At WVU, Charon was an officer in the Phi Alpha Delta legal fraternity and volunteered at West Virginia Legal Aid Society.","After graduation, Charon served as a lawyer at Legal Aid and was appointed in Federal Court to represent the best interests of children in a case involving the Welfare Department. In 1982, Charon left Legal Aid to open her own law practice, specializing in unemployment law. She was appointed as a State Administrative Law Judge in unemployment in 2002.","During her career, Charon was elected president of the Monongalia Bar Association, served as a substitute municipal judge in Morgantown, was on the Board of Legal Aid, and was a member of the West Virginia University Council for Woman Concerns which later established the Department of Women's and Gender Studies at WVU. Charon also provided legal assistance for the establishment of the free clinic, Morgantown Health Right, now known as Milan Puskar Health Right. She also served as president of the Tree of Life Congregation.","Charon passed away from myelogenous leukemia in 2004. To honor her memory, her family and friends established the Regina Charon Fellowship for Law and the Public Interest at WVU Law School, which funds one law student to complete an internship with Legal Aid or Mountain State Justice. The Regina Charon Zealous Advocate Award was also created in her name and was created in collaboration with the State Bar and Legal Aid. The award is given to attorneys who advocate for civil rights.","The collection includes biographies about Regina Charon's life and life's work as a lawyer, focusing on civil rights. Topics include the 1977-1978 WVU Council for Women's Concerns, the Regina Charon Zealous Advocate Award, and the Regina Charon Fellowship for Law and the Public Interest. 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For more information regarding permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the West Virginia and Regional History Center."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Charon, Nyles, 2022 January 05.","Gift of Charon, Nyles, 2022 December 01.","Loan of Charon, Nyles, 2022 December 01.","Gift of Hostuttler, Lori, 2024 May 03.","Gift of Charon, Nyles, 2024 July 23."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil rights -- United States","Sex discrimination in employment","Gay adoption -- Law and legislation","Activism","West Virginia Feminist Activist and Women's History Collection"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil rights -- United States","Sex discrimination in employment","Gay adoption -- Law and legislation","Activism","West Virginia Feminist Activist and Women's History Collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.29 Linear Feet 1 document case, 2.5 in; 1 flat storage box, 1 in.; 1 oversize folder, 0.01 in.","0.25401 Gigabytes 9 .tif files, 2 .jpg files"],"extent_tesim":["0.29 Linear Feet 1 document case, 2.5 in; 1 flat storage box, 1 in.; 1 oversize folder, 0.01 in.","0.25401 Gigabytes 9 .tif files, 2 .jpg files"],"date_range_isim":[1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the \u003ca href=\"https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRegina Charon (1946-2004) was a civil rights lawyer who is best known for her work in unemployment law, sex discrimination law, and LGBT adoption law. 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The award is given to attorneys who advocate for civil rights."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Regina Charon, Lawyer, Papers, A\u0026amp;M 4573, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Regina Charon, Lawyer, Papers, A\u0026M 4573, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes biographies about Regina Charon's life and life's work as a lawyer, focusing on civil rights. Topics include the 1977-1978 WVU Council for Women's Concerns, the Regina Charon Zealous Advocate Award, and the Regina Charon Fellowship for Law and the Public Interest. 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There are photocopies of the Jus Et Factum newsletter and photographs of Regina Charon's life from childhood through adulthood.","Materials include photographs, newspaper clippings, biographies, obituaries, legal papers, flyers, and signs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe donor of the collection has transferred rights to the intellectual property they created to the Center. For more information regarding permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the West Virginia and Regional History Center.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The donor of the collection has transferred rights to the intellectual property they created to the Center. For more information regarding permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the West Virginia and Regional History Center."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_92e162fe82ec2905b421a7f4148df3fc\"\u003eRegina Charon (1946-2004) was a civil rights lawyer who is best known for her work in unemployment law, sex discrimination law, and LGBT adoption law. The collection includes biographies about Regina Charon's life and life's work as a lawyer, focusing on civil rights. Topics include the 1977-1978 WVU Council for Women's Concerns, the Regina Charon Zealous Advocate Award, and the Regina Charon Fellowship for Law and the Public Interest. There are photocopies of the \u003ctitle\u003eJus Et Factum\u003c/title\u003e newsletter and photographs of Regina Charon's life from childhood through adulthood.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Regina Charon (1946-2004) was a civil rights lawyer who is best known for her work in unemployment law, sex discrimination law, and LGBT adoption law. The collection includes biographies about Regina Charon's life and life's work as a lawyer, focusing on civil rights. Topics include the 1977-1978 WVU Council for Women's Concerns, the Regina Charon Zealous Advocate Award, and the Regina Charon Fellowship for Law and the Public Interest. There are photocopies of the Jus Et Factum newsletter and photographs of Regina Charon's life from childhood through adulthood."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_7e1e7157af40eca7ea9be66f6f7ba81c\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center/ West Virginia University/ 1549 University Avenue/ P.O. Box 6069/ Morgantown, WV 26506-6069/ Phone: 304-293-3536/ URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center/ West Virginia University/ 1549 University Avenue/ P.O. Box 6069/ Morgantown, WV 26506-6069/ Phone: 304-293-3536/ URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Libraries. West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["West Virginia University. Libraries. West Virginia and Regional History Center","Charon, Regina"],"persname_ssim":["Charon, Regina","Abate, Kathy","Rybeck, Blanche"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Libraries. 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Charon also provided legal assistance for the establishment of the free clinic, Morgantown Health Right, now known as Milan Puskar Health Right. She also served as president of the Tree of Life Congregation.","Charon passed away from myelogenous leukemia in 2004. To honor her memory, her family and friends established the Regina Charon Fellowship for Law and the Public Interest at WVU Law School, which funds one law student to complete an internship with Legal Aid or Mountain State Justice. The Regina Charon Zealous Advocate Award was also created in her name and was created in collaboration with the State Bar and Legal Aid. The award is given to attorneys who advocate for civil rights.","The collection includes biographies about Regina Charon's life and life's work as a lawyer, focusing on civil rights. Topics include the 1977-1978 WVU Council for Women's Concerns, the Regina Charon Zealous Advocate Award, and the Regina Charon Fellowship for Law and the Public Interest. 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Charon also provided legal assistance for the establishment of the free clinic, Morgantown Health Right, now known as Milan Puskar Health Right. She also served as president of the Tree of Life Congregation.","Charon passed away from myelogenous leukemia in 2004. To honor her memory, her family and friends established the Regina Charon Fellowship for Law and the Public Interest at WVU Law School, which funds one law student to complete an internship with Legal Aid or Mountain State Justice. The Regina Charon Zealous Advocate Award was also created in her name and was created in collaboration with the State Bar and Legal Aid. The award is given to attorneys who advocate for civil rights."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Regina Charon, Lawyer, Papers, A\u0026amp;M 4573, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Regina Charon, Lawyer, Papers, A\u0026M 4573, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes biographies about Regina Charon's life and life's work as a lawyer, focusing on civil rights. Topics include the 1977-1978 WVU Council for Women's Concerns, the Regina Charon Zealous Advocate Award, and the Regina Charon Fellowship for Law and the Public Interest. There are photocopies of the \u003ctitle\u003eJus Et Factum\u003c/title\u003e newsletter and photographs of Regina Charon's life from childhood through adulthood. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials include photographs, newspaper clippings, biographies, obituaries, legal papers, flyers, and signs.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes biographies about Regina Charon's life and life's work as a lawyer, focusing on civil rights. Topics include the 1977-1978 WVU Council for Women's Concerns, the Regina Charon Zealous Advocate Award, and the Regina Charon Fellowship for Law and the Public Interest. There are photocopies of the Jus Et Factum newsletter and photographs of Regina Charon's life from childhood through adulthood.","Materials include photographs, newspaper clippings, biographies, obituaries, legal papers, flyers, and signs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe donor of the collection has transferred rights to the intellectual property they created to the Center. For more information regarding permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the West Virginia and Regional History Center.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The donor of the collection has transferred rights to the intellectual property they created to the Center. For more information regarding permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the West Virginia and Regional History Center."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_92e162fe82ec2905b421a7f4148df3fc\"\u003eRegina Charon (1946-2004) was a civil rights lawyer who is best known for her work in unemployment law, sex discrimination law, and LGBT adoption law. The collection includes biographies about Regina Charon's life and life's work as a lawyer, focusing on civil rights. Topics include the 1977-1978 WVU Council for Women's Concerns, the Regina Charon Zealous Advocate Award, and the Regina Charon Fellowship for Law and the Public Interest. There are photocopies of the \u003ctitle\u003eJus Et Factum\u003c/title\u003e newsletter and photographs of Regina Charon's life from childhood through adulthood.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Regina Charon (1946-2004) was a civil rights lawyer who is best known for her work in unemployment law, sex discrimination law, and LGBT adoption law. The collection includes biographies about Regina Charon's life and life's work as a lawyer, focusing on civil rights. Topics include the 1977-1978 WVU Council for Women's Concerns, the Regina Charon Zealous Advocate Award, and the Regina Charon Fellowship for Law and the Public Interest. There are photocopies of the Jus Et Factum newsletter and photographs of Regina Charon's life from childhood through adulthood."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_7e1e7157af40eca7ea9be66f6f7ba81c\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center/ West Virginia University/ 1549 University Avenue/ P.O. Box 6069/ Morgantown, WV 26506-6069/ Phone: 304-293-3536/ URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center/ West Virginia University/ 1549 University Avenue/ P.O. Box 6069/ Morgantown, WV 26506-6069/ Phone: 304-293-3536/ URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Libraries. West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["West Virginia University. Libraries. West Virginia and Regional History Center","Charon, Regina"],"persname_ssim":["Charon, Regina","Abate, Kathy","Rybeck, Blanche"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","West Virginia University. Libraries. West Virginia and Regional History Center","Charon, Regina","Abate, Kathy","Rybeck, Blanche"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":8,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:11:43.922Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6962"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1436","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Thomas N. 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Gardner papers"],"title_tesim":["Thomas N. Gardner papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1966-2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c. 1966-2008"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1966/2008"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas N. Gardner papers, 1966/2008"],"text":["Thomas N. Gardner papers, 1966/2008","MSS 16732","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1436","Student activism","Civil rights -- Virginia","Civil rights -- United States","African Americans -- Civil rights","Labor unions -- United States","Labor laws and legislation -- United States","This collection is open for research. Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives, born digital files, etc.) and other media formats such as LPs, audiotapes, reel-to-reels, videotapes, films, CDs, and DVDs cannot be handled directly by patrons.","Please contact Special Collections via our online Reference Request form, https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request, to request access to these materials.","Please be aware that additional actions may be required to make these items available. Items will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before access can be made. Depending on the size of the request, it may take some time to make them available for use.","Thomas N. Gardner a University of Virginia alumnus, was active in the Southern Student Organizing Committee (SSOC) during his time as a student and served on the National Student Association's Southern Project in Atlanta. He continued his leadership role in the Southern Conference Education Fund (SCEF) and the Union of Concerned Scientists (USC). He was born in New Orleans in 1946, and grew up mainly in the South. He became involved in the student movement in 1964 during his first year at the University. From 1967-1969 he served as Chairman of the SSOC and steered the organization toward greater involvement against the Vietnam War (during a Summer Project organized out of Cambridge University). He finished his degree in Sociology and completed two master's degrees, one in journalism at the University of Georgia and the second at the Kennedy School of Government in 1985. He was an activist during the civil rights movement and was one of the brave protesters who was arrested during a peace movement in Florida. Since 2001, he has been associate professor of communication at Westfield State University. He was formerly managing director of the Media Education Foundation of Northampton, Massachussetts, public affairs officer for Harvard Divinity School, senior editor at the Harvard Institue for International Development, and director of communications for the Union of Concerned Scientists.","MSS 11192","This collection contains the papers of Thomas Gardner, an alumnus of the University of Virginia, a leader in the Southern civil rights and national peace movements of the '60s and '70s, and Professor of Communication at Westfield State University.","The collection documents Gardner's social and political activism and involvement with civil rights, labor, anti-war, and anti-prison movements through different organizations such as the Southern Conference Education Fund (SCEF), the Southern Student Organizing Committee (SSOC), and the Union for Concerned Scientists (USC).","The documents date from the 1960s-1980s and include materials such as the Virginia Weekly clippings and drafts, informational pamphlets, agendas, memos, notes (taken by Gardner about meetings, to-do lists, goals, and ideas), handbooks, prospectus, correspondence, pamphlets, reports, proposals, and invitations for meetings, to the causes of the different organizations Gardner served.","Mentioned are specific cases involving unfair treatment of African Americans by the police and justice department including Snake Jones of Charlottesville, Virginia in 1970 and the Thomas Wansley case (falsely charged with rape based on an incorrect eyewitness account) in Lynchburg, Virginia in 1963, which gained national attention and was overturned after Wansley served 5 years in prison.","There are also political newspapers including Right On, Black Community News Service of the Black Panther Party, The Call, The Red Worker of the Communist Party in Georgia, and The New South Student.","There is also more recent work with the Union of Concerned Scientists from the 1980s. The collection includes topics on nuclear weapons, the prison reform system, unions and worker movements, and strikes.","The collection also documents Gardner's work on an unpublished book about Edgar Daniel Nixon, a union leader who played a critical role in the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Included are interviews on audiocassettes, transcripts, photographs, correspondence, research, newspaper articles, and drafts of Gardner's unpublished book. The interviews with Nixon cover a variety of topics including the Bus Boycott, the Brotherhood, the NAACP, bombings at Montgomery, E.D. Nixon's early life and life as a porter, and his community work since 1957.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Gardner, Thomas N.","Nixon, Edgar Daniel","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas N. Gardner papers, 1966/2008"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas N. 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Gardner to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on March 10, 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil rights -- Virginia","Civil rights -- United States","African Americans -- Civil rights","Labor unions -- United States","Labor laws and legislation -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil rights -- Virginia","Civil rights -- United States","African Americans -- Civil rights","Labor unions -- United States","Labor laws and legislation -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["1.75 Cubic Feet 3 document boxes, 1 half legal document box","19 audiocassettes","32.00144 Gigabytes 1 floppy disk, 1 5 1/4 floppy disk, 1 USB flash drive"],"extent_tesim":["1.75 Cubic Feet 3 document boxes, 1 half legal document box","19 audiocassettes","32.00144 Gigabytes 1 floppy disk, 1 5 1/4 floppy disk, 1 USB flash drive"],"physfacet_tesim":["half legal box contains 19 audiocassette tapes and a handwritten guide to the tapes","No information could be removed from 5 1/4 floppy disk."],"date_range_isim":[1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. 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Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives, born digital files, etc.) and other media formats such as LPs, audiotapes, reel-to-reels, videotapes, films, CDs, and DVDs cannot be handled directly by patrons.","Please contact Special Collections via our online Reference Request form, https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request, to request access to these materials.","Please be aware that additional actions may be required to make these items available. Items will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before access can be made. Depending on the size of the request, it may take some time to make them available for use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas N. Gardner a University of Virginia alumnus, was active in the Southern Student Organizing Committee (SSOC) during his time as a student and served on the National Student Association's Southern Project in Atlanta. 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He was formerly managing director of the Media Education Foundation of Northampton, Massachussetts, public affairs officer for Harvard Divinity School, senior editor at the Harvard Institue for International Development, and director of communications for the Union of Concerned Scientists.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Thomas N. Gardner a University of Virginia alumnus, was active in the Southern Student Organizing Committee (SSOC) during his time as a student and served on the National Student Association's Southern Project in Atlanta. He continued his leadership role in the Southern Conference Education Fund (SCEF) and the Union of Concerned Scientists (USC). He was born in New Orleans in 1946, and grew up mainly in the South. He became involved in the student movement in 1964 during his first year at the University. From 1967-1969 he served as Chairman of the SSOC and steered the organization toward greater involvement against the Vietnam War (during a Summer Project organized out of Cambridge University). He finished his degree in Sociology and completed two master's degrees, one in journalism at the University of Georgia and the second at the Kennedy School of Government in 1985. He was an activist during the civil rights movement and was one of the brave protesters who was arrested during a peace movement in Florida. Since 2001, he has been associate professor of communication at Westfield State University. He was formerly managing director of the Media Education Foundation of Northampton, Massachussetts, public affairs officer for Harvard Divinity School, senior editor at the Harvard Institue for International Development, and director of communications for the Union of Concerned Scientists."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16731, Thomas N. 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The collection includes topics on nuclear weapons, the prison reform system, unions and worker movements, and strikes. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also documents Gardner's work on an unpublished book about Edgar Daniel Nixon, a union leader who played a critical role in the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Included are interviews on audiocassettes, transcripts, photographs, correspondence, research, newspaper articles, and drafts of Gardner's unpublished book. The interviews with Nixon cover a variety of topics including the Bus Boycott, the Brotherhood, the NAACP, bombings at Montgomery, E.D. Nixon's early life and life as a porter, and his community work since 1957.  \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of Thomas Gardner, an alumnus of the University of Virginia, a leader in the Southern civil rights and national peace movements of the '60s and '70s, and Professor of Communication at Westfield State University.","The collection documents Gardner's social and political activism and involvement with civil rights, labor, anti-war, and anti-prison movements through different organizations such as the Southern Conference Education Fund (SCEF), the Southern Student Organizing Committee (SSOC), and the Union for Concerned Scientists (USC).","The documents date from the 1960s-1980s and include materials such as the Virginia Weekly clippings and drafts, informational pamphlets, agendas, memos, notes (taken by Gardner about meetings, to-do lists, goals, and ideas), handbooks, prospectus, correspondence, pamphlets, reports, proposals, and invitations for meetings, to the causes of the different organizations Gardner served.","Mentioned are specific cases involving unfair treatment of African Americans by the police and justice department including Snake Jones of Charlottesville, Virginia in 1970 and the Thomas Wansley case (falsely charged with rape based on an incorrect eyewitness account) in Lynchburg, Virginia in 1963, which gained national attention and was overturned after Wansley served 5 years in prison.","There are also political newspapers including Right On, Black Community News Service of the Black Panther Party, The Call, The Red Worker of the Communist Party in Georgia, and The New South Student.","There is also more recent work with the Union of Concerned Scientists from the 1980s. The collection includes topics on nuclear weapons, the prison reform system, unions and worker movements, and strikes.","The collection also documents Gardner's work on an unpublished book about Edgar Daniel Nixon, a union leader who played a critical role in the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Included are interviews on audiocassettes, transcripts, photographs, correspondence, research, newspaper articles, and drafts of Gardner's unpublished book. The interviews with Nixon cover a variety of topics including the Bus Boycott, the Brotherhood, the NAACP, bombings at Montgomery, E.D. Nixon's early life and life as a porter, and his community work since 1957."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Gardner, Thomas N.","Nixon, Edgar Daniel"],"names_coll_ssim":["Nixon, Edgar Daniel"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Gardner, Thomas N.","Nixon, Edgar Daniel"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":35,"online_item_count_is":2,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:38.700Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1436","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1436","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1436","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1436","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1436.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/151161","title_filing_ssi":"Gardner, Thomas N. papers","title_ssm":["Thomas N. Gardner papers"],"title_tesim":["Thomas N. Gardner papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1966-2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c. 1966-2008"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1966/2008"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas N. Gardner papers, 1966/2008"],"text":["Thomas N. Gardner papers, 1966/2008","MSS 16732","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1436","Student activism","Civil rights -- Virginia","Civil rights -- United States","African Americans -- Civil rights","Labor unions -- United States","Labor laws and legislation -- United States","This collection is open for research. Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives, born digital files, etc.) and other media formats such as LPs, audiotapes, reel-to-reels, videotapes, films, CDs, and DVDs cannot be handled directly by patrons.","Please contact Special Collections via our online Reference Request form, https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request, to request access to these materials.","Please be aware that additional actions may be required to make these items available. Items will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before access can be made. Depending on the size of the request, it may take some time to make them available for use.","Thomas N. Gardner a University of Virginia alumnus, was active in the Southern Student Organizing Committee (SSOC) during his time as a student and served on the National Student Association's Southern Project in Atlanta. He continued his leadership role in the Southern Conference Education Fund (SCEF) and the Union of Concerned Scientists (USC). He was born in New Orleans in 1946, and grew up mainly in the South. He became involved in the student movement in 1964 during his first year at the University. From 1967-1969 he served as Chairman of the SSOC and steered the organization toward greater involvement against the Vietnam War (during a Summer Project organized out of Cambridge University). He finished his degree in Sociology and completed two master's degrees, one in journalism at the University of Georgia and the second at the Kennedy School of Government in 1985. He was an activist during the civil rights movement and was one of the brave protesters who was arrested during a peace movement in Florida. Since 2001, he has been associate professor of communication at Westfield State University. He was formerly managing director of the Media Education Foundation of Northampton, Massachussetts, public affairs officer for Harvard Divinity School, senior editor at the Harvard Institue for International Development, and director of communications for the Union of Concerned Scientists.","MSS 11192","This collection contains the papers of Thomas Gardner, an alumnus of the University of Virginia, a leader in the Southern civil rights and national peace movements of the '60s and '70s, and Professor of Communication at Westfield State University.","The collection documents Gardner's social and political activism and involvement with civil rights, labor, anti-war, and anti-prison movements through different organizations such as the Southern Conference Education Fund (SCEF), the Southern Student Organizing Committee (SSOC), and the Union for Concerned Scientists (USC).","The documents date from the 1960s-1980s and include materials such as the Virginia Weekly clippings and drafts, informational pamphlets, agendas, memos, notes (taken by Gardner about meetings, to-do lists, goals, and ideas), handbooks, prospectus, correspondence, pamphlets, reports, proposals, and invitations for meetings, to the causes of the different organizations Gardner served.","Mentioned are specific cases involving unfair treatment of African Americans by the police and justice department including Snake Jones of Charlottesville, Virginia in 1970 and the Thomas Wansley case (falsely charged with rape based on an incorrect eyewitness account) in Lynchburg, Virginia in 1963, which gained national attention and was overturned after Wansley served 5 years in prison.","There are also political newspapers including Right On, Black Community News Service of the Black Panther Party, The Call, The Red Worker of the Communist Party in Georgia, and The New South Student.","There is also more recent work with the Union of Concerned Scientists from the 1980s. 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Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives, born digital files, etc.) and other media formats such as LPs, audiotapes, reel-to-reels, videotapes, films, CDs, and DVDs cannot be handled directly by patrons. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease contact Special Collections via our online Reference Request form, https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request, to request access to these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease be aware that additional actions may be required to make these items available. Items will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before access can be made. Depending on the size of the request, it may take some time to make them available for use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives, born digital files, etc.) and other media formats such as LPs, audiotapes, reel-to-reels, videotapes, films, CDs, and DVDs cannot be handled directly by patrons.","Please contact Special Collections via our online Reference Request form, https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request, to request access to these materials.","Please be aware that additional actions may be required to make these items available. Items will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before access can be made. Depending on the size of the request, it may take some time to make them available for use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas N. Gardner a University of Virginia alumnus, was active in the Southern Student Organizing Committee (SSOC) during his time as a student and served on the National Student Association's Southern Project in Atlanta. 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From 1967-1969 he served as Chairman of the SSOC and steered the organization toward greater involvement against the Vietnam War (during a Summer Project organized out of Cambridge University). He finished his degree in Sociology and completed two master's degrees, one in journalism at the University of Georgia and the second at the Kennedy School of Government in 1985. He was an activist during the civil rights movement and was one of the brave protesters who was arrested during a peace movement in Florida. Since 2001, he has been associate professor of communication at Westfield State University. He was formerly managing director of the Media Education Foundation of Northampton, Massachussetts, public affairs officer for Harvard Divinity School, senior editor at the Harvard Institue for International Development, and director of communications for the Union of Concerned Scientists."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16731, Thomas N. 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The collection includes topics on nuclear weapons, the prison reform system, unions and worker movements, and strikes. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also documents Gardner's work on an unpublished book about Edgar Daniel Nixon, a union leader who played a critical role in the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Included are interviews on audiocassettes, transcripts, photographs, correspondence, research, newspaper articles, and drafts of Gardner's unpublished book. The interviews with Nixon cover a variety of topics including the Bus Boycott, the Brotherhood, the NAACP, bombings at Montgomery, E.D. 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