{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Civil+rights+--+United+States\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1966","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Civil+rights+--+United+States\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1966\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":3,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_616","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia records, 1954/1984, bulk 1967/1984","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_616#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_616#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the work of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) of Virginia between 1967 and 1984. The subjects of this collection reflect the organization's mission and priorities during that period. They relate to a wide range of issues including academic freedom; due process; the rights of children and students; racial and sexual discrimination; the military draft; religion in public schools; the rights of women; the rights of prisoners; state reapportionment; the rights of the mentally disabled; and the rights of migrant workers.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_616#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_616","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_616","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_616","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_616","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_616.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/132886","title_ssm":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia records"],"title_tesim":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1954-1984","1967-1984"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1954-1984"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1967-1984"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1954/1984, bulk 1967/1984"],"normalized_title_ssm":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia records, 1954/1984, bulk 1967/1984"],"text":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia records, 1954/1984, bulk 1967/1984","MSS.85.2","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/616","Academic freedom -- United States","Apportionment (Election law) -- Virginia","Capital punishment -- Virginia","Children -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Civil rights -- United States","Draft -- United States","Equal rights amendments -- United States","Legal assistance to military personnel -- Virginia","Migrant agricultural laborers -- Virginia","People with mental disabilities -- Institutional care -- Virginia","Prisoners -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Religion in the public schools -- Law and legislation -- Virginia","Sex discrimination against women -- Law and legislation -- United States","Students -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Draft resisters -- United States","Women's rights -- United States","Race discrimination -- Law and legislation -- Virginia","to many of the materials in the ACLU of Virginia papers is restricted. Some documents are open to researchers, but most are either closed by law or require special permissions from the ACLU of Virginia. The restrictions that govern this collection are described below. They ensure the Law Library's compliance with applicable laws and institutional policies as well as the conditions of the ACLU's donation of these records to the University of Virginia.","Open to Researchers:","Researchers may view public documents in the collection without additional permissions. These include public court records, such as briefs, transcripts, and judgments. They also include press releases and media coverage of cases. Any public documents marked with attorney notes may be considered work-product privileged records and they are restricted.","Closed to Researchers:","1.\tAttorney-Client Privileged Records: Any item documenting communications between an attorney and a client or potential client. This includes but is not limited to written correspondence, memoranda to the file, notes, or any report of communication to or from a client or potential client. These records may be opened to researchers if the client or the client's legal representative waives the privilege in writing, and the ACLU of Virginia approves the release.","2.\tClassified Documents: These materials will remain closed until they are declassified. After which time, access may need to be approved by the ACLU of Virginia.","3.\tDocuments Placed Under Seal of Court or Protective Order: These materials will remain closed until they are unsealed and/or the protective order is modified. After which time, access may need to be approved by the ACLU of Virginia.","4.\tDocuments Identifying Anonymous Clients: Any documents identifying an anonymous or pseudonymous client will remain closed unless the client or the client's legal representative approves opening them in writing. After client approval, the ACLU of Virginia must also approve access.","5.\tTerms of a Confidential Settlement: Materials documenting terms of a confidential settlement will remain closed unless the parties involved waive their privilege to confidentiality in writing.","6.\tPersonnel Records: Records which deal with personnel issues, whether in personnel files or in other files maintained by the ACLU of Virginia, shall be closed until 75 years after their creation. When scattered personnel records are present in open files, they shall be governed by this paragraph. This restriction shall not apply if the person or persons to whom the record applies have given their permission in writing to disclose said information. Also, the ACLU of Virginia must approve the release of the records.","7.\tPersonally Identifiable Information Not Revealed in Public Court Documents: Records containing personally identifiable information not revealed in public court documents will be closed for seventy-five years (100 years if the information pertains to children). After that time, the ACLU of Virginia must also approve access to the documents.","Requires ACLU-VA Approval:","Some materials in this collection may be released to researchers with the ACLU of Virginia's approval. To access these materials, researchers must submit a written request to the University of Virginia Law Library. The request must include the researcher's name, the reason for the request, and a list of the requested materials. The University of Virginia Law Library will forward written requests to the ACLU of Virginia. The Library will inform researchers when the ACLU of Virginia has either approved or denied their requests.","Here is a list of materials that may be released with the approval of the ACLU of Virginia:","1.\tAdministrative Records of the ACLU-VA: These records document the ACLU-VA's operations and were maintained by its staff. These include, but are not limited to, reports, meeting minutes, agendas, memoranda, staff directories, topical files, project files, and other materials that do not contain information strictly closed to researchers (e.g., personnel records). These records are strictly closed for 20 years after creation or 10 years after their deposit in the UVA Law Library, whichever is later, but in no case for more than 30 years after the creation of the record. After these times, records may be released with the ACLU of Virginia's approval.","2.\tWork-Product Privileged Records: These records, most often found in case files, include correspondence, memoranda, drafts of briefs, written statements of witnesses, notes of mental impressions, personal recollections, and other materials prepared or created by ACLU attorneys while working on a case. These records are strictly closed for 20 years after the closure of the associated case or cases. After that time, they may be released with the ACLU-VA's approval. Any materials documenting communications with clients or potential clients remain protected by attorney-client privilege when mixed with work-product privileged records.","The collection is generally arranged into series and subseries according to the date of accession at the University of Virginia.","The first series contains materials that the ACLU-VA transferred to Alderman Library in nine installments. In 1988, archivists separated some of these materials into a tenth \"restricted\" subseries. The second series contains materials that the ACLU-VA directly transferred to the Arthur J. Morris Law Library.","The arrangement of items and files in the series and sub-series generally corresponds to their original order at the ACLU of Virginia's offices.","The ACLU of Virginia was begun in 1967, and by early 1968 had 1700 members. In that year, the National Development Council of the ACLU approved a grant proposal from the Virginia affiliate for funds to hire permanent staff. Between 1967 and 1985, the executive directorship had been held consecutively by Lauren Selden, Shalom Dubow, Betsy Brinson, and Chan Kendrick.","During the period documented in this collection, the ACLU of Virginia supported the rights of children, the intellectually disabled, students, women, homosexuals, and racial minorities. It funded projects to effect improvements in the treatment and living conditions of patients in the state's mental institutions, and migrant farmworkers on the Eastern Shore. It opposed religion in public schools, illegal police searches, and the imposition of dress or hair length codes in schools or the work place. In the General Assembly, the Virginia affiliate fought for the Equal Rights Amendment, the right to abortion, reapportionment, and certain court reforms and changes in the juvenile code. The organization was an active advocate for academic freedom and for the protection of individuals' privacy. It pushed for reform of drug laws and called for the end of capital punishment. The most extensive and visible project for Virginia's ACLU in the 1970's and early 1980's was the prison project. The prison project was a movement to insure adequate legal protection of inmates, as well as to improve their living conditions and treatment.","In nine installments, between 1971 and 1985, the ACLU of Virginia transferred much of this collection to the University of Virginia's Alderman Library. The initial installment was accessioned as #9690, and succeeding ones were numbered #9690-a, -b, etc.","This collection documents the work of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) of Virginia between 1967 and 1984. The subjects of this collection reflect the organization's mission and priorities during that period. They relate to a wide range of issues including academic freedom; due process; the rights of children and students; racial and sexual discrimination; the military draft; religion in public schools; the rights of women; the rights of prisoners; state reapportionment; the rights of the mentally disabled; and the rights of migrant workers.","ACLU of Virginia staff members created and maintained the records in this collection, which include meeting minutes, correspondence, personnel records, reports, press releases, broadsides, memoranda, case files, project files, and topical files.","Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creators of the content.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia records, 1954/1984, bulk 1967/1984"],"collection_ssim":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia records, 1954/1984, bulk 1967/1984"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.85.2","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/616"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.85.2","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/616"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"creator_ssim":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"creators_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"access_terms_ssm":["Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creators of the content."],"acqinfo_ssim":["In 1985, the executive director of the ACLU of Virginia, Chan Kendrick, approved the transfer of the existing ACLU collection from the University of Virginia's Alderman Library to the Arthur J. Morris Law Library. Then in 1986, the ACLU transferred additional materials directly to the Law Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Academic freedom -- United States","Apportionment (Election law) -- Virginia","Capital punishment -- Virginia","Children -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Civil rights -- United States","Draft -- United States","Equal rights amendments -- United States","Legal assistance to military personnel -- Virginia","Migrant agricultural laborers -- Virginia","People with mental disabilities -- Institutional care -- Virginia","Prisoners -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Religion in the public schools -- Law and legislation -- Virginia","Sex discrimination against women -- Law and legislation -- United States","Students -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Draft resisters -- United States","Women's rights -- United States","Race discrimination -- Law and legislation -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Academic freedom -- United States","Apportionment (Election law) -- Virginia","Capital punishment -- Virginia","Children -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Civil rights -- United States","Draft -- United States","Equal rights amendments -- United States","Legal assistance to military personnel -- Virginia","Migrant agricultural laborers -- Virginia","People with mental disabilities -- Institutional care -- Virginia","Prisoners -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Religion in the public schools -- Law and legislation -- Virginia","Sex discrimination against women -- Law and legislation -- United States","Students -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Draft resisters -- United States","Women's rights -- United States","Race discrimination -- Law and legislation -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["120 Cubic Feet 254 archival boxes"],"extent_tesim":["120 Cubic Feet 254 archival boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eto many of the materials in the ACLU of Virginia papers is restricted. Some documents are open to researchers, but most are either closed by law or require special permissions from the ACLU of Virginia. The restrictions that govern this collection are described below. They ensure the Law Library's compliance with applicable laws and institutional policies as well as the conditions of the ACLU's donation of these records to the University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph\u003eOpen to Researchers:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may view public documents in the collection without additional permissions. These include public court records, such as briefs, transcripts, and judgments. They also include press releases and media coverage of cases. Any public documents marked with attorney notes may be considered work-product privileged records and they are restricted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph\u003eClosed to Researchers:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.\tAttorney-Client Privileged Records: Any item documenting communications between an attorney and a client or potential client. This includes but is not limited to written correspondence, memoranda to the file, notes, or any report of communication to or from a client or potential client. These records may be opened to researchers if the client or the client's legal representative waives the privilege in writing, and the ACLU of Virginia approves the release.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2.\tClassified Documents: These materials will remain closed until they are declassified. After which time, access may need to be approved by the ACLU of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3.\tDocuments Placed Under Seal of Court or Protective Order: These materials will remain closed until they are unsealed and/or the protective order is modified. After which time, access may need to be approved by the ACLU of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4.\tDocuments Identifying Anonymous Clients: Any documents identifying an anonymous or pseudonymous client will remain closed unless the client or the client's legal representative approves opening them in writing. After client approval, the ACLU of Virginia must also approve access.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5.\tTerms of a Confidential Settlement: Materials documenting terms of a confidential settlement will remain closed unless the parties involved waive their privilege to confidentiality in writing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.\tPersonnel Records: Records which deal with personnel issues, whether in personnel files or in other files maintained by the ACLU of Virginia, shall be closed until 75 years after their creation. When scattered personnel records are present in open files, they shall be governed by this paragraph. This restriction shall not apply if the person or persons to whom the record applies have given their permission in writing to disclose said information. Also, the ACLU of Virginia must approve the release of the records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7.\tPersonally Identifiable Information Not Revealed in Public Court Documents: Records containing personally identifiable information not revealed in public court documents will be closed for seventy-five years (100 years if the information pertains to children). After that time, the ACLU of Virginia must also approve access to the documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph\u003eAccess Requires ACLU-VA Approval:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome materials in this collection may be released to researchers with the ACLU of Virginia's approval. To access these materials, researchers must submit a written request to the University of Virginia Law Library. The request must include the researcher's name, the reason for the request, and a list of the requested materials. The University of Virginia Law Library will forward written requests to the ACLU of Virginia. The Library will inform researchers when the ACLU of Virginia has either approved or denied their requests.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHere is a list of materials that may be released with the approval of the ACLU of Virginia:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.\tAdministrative Records of the ACLU-VA: These records document the ACLU-VA's operations and were maintained by its staff. These include, but are not limited to, reports, meeting minutes, agendas, memoranda, staff directories, topical files, project files, and other materials that do not contain information strictly closed to researchers (e.g., personnel records). These records are strictly closed for 20 years after creation or 10 years after their deposit in the UVA Law Library, whichever is later, but in no case for more than 30 years after the creation of the record. After these times, records may be released with the ACLU of Virginia's approval.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2.\tWork-Product Privileged Records: These records, most often found in case files, include correspondence, memoranda, drafts of briefs, written statements of witnesses, notes of mental impressions, personal recollections, and other materials prepared or created by ACLU attorneys while working on a case. These records are strictly closed for 20 years after the closure of the associated case or cases. After that time, they may be released with the ACLU-VA's approval. Any materials documenting communications with clients or potential clients remain protected by attorney-client privilege when mixed with work-product privileged records.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["to many of the materials in the ACLU of Virginia papers is restricted. Some documents are open to researchers, but most are either closed by law or require special permissions from the ACLU of Virginia. The restrictions that govern this collection are described below. They ensure the Law Library's compliance with applicable laws and institutional policies as well as the conditions of the ACLU's donation of these records to the University of Virginia.","Open to Researchers:","Researchers may view public documents in the collection without additional permissions. These include public court records, such as briefs, transcripts, and judgments. They also include press releases and media coverage of cases. Any public documents marked with attorney notes may be considered work-product privileged records and they are restricted.","Closed to Researchers:","1.\tAttorney-Client Privileged Records: Any item documenting communications between an attorney and a client or potential client. This includes but is not limited to written correspondence, memoranda to the file, notes, or any report of communication to or from a client or potential client. These records may be opened to researchers if the client or the client's legal representative waives the privilege in writing, and the ACLU of Virginia approves the release.","2.\tClassified Documents: These materials will remain closed until they are declassified. After which time, access may need to be approved by the ACLU of Virginia.","3.\tDocuments Placed Under Seal of Court or Protective Order: These materials will remain closed until they are unsealed and/or the protective order is modified. After which time, access may need to be approved by the ACLU of Virginia.","4.\tDocuments Identifying Anonymous Clients: Any documents identifying an anonymous or pseudonymous client will remain closed unless the client or the client's legal representative approves opening them in writing. After client approval, the ACLU of Virginia must also approve access.","5.\tTerms of a Confidential Settlement: Materials documenting terms of a confidential settlement will remain closed unless the parties involved waive their privilege to confidentiality in writing.","6.\tPersonnel Records: Records which deal with personnel issues, whether in personnel files or in other files maintained by the ACLU of Virginia, shall be closed until 75 years after their creation. When scattered personnel records are present in open files, they shall be governed by this paragraph. This restriction shall not apply if the person or persons to whom the record applies have given their permission in writing to disclose said information. Also, the ACLU of Virginia must approve the release of the records.","7.\tPersonally Identifiable Information Not Revealed in Public Court Documents: Records containing personally identifiable information not revealed in public court documents will be closed for seventy-five years (100 years if the information pertains to children). After that time, the ACLU of Virginia must also approve access to the documents.","Requires ACLU-VA Approval:","Some materials in this collection may be released to researchers with the ACLU of Virginia's approval. To access these materials, researchers must submit a written request to the University of Virginia Law Library. The request must include the researcher's name, the reason for the request, and a list of the requested materials. The University of Virginia Law Library will forward written requests to the ACLU of Virginia. The Library will inform researchers when the ACLU of Virginia has either approved or denied their requests.","Here is a list of materials that may be released with the approval of the ACLU of Virginia:","1.\tAdministrative Records of the ACLU-VA: These records document the ACLU-VA's operations and were maintained by its staff. These include, but are not limited to, reports, meeting minutes, agendas, memoranda, staff directories, topical files, project files, and other materials that do not contain information strictly closed to researchers (e.g., personnel records). These records are strictly closed for 20 years after creation or 10 years after their deposit in the UVA Law Library, whichever is later, but in no case for more than 30 years after the creation of the record. After these times, records may be released with the ACLU of Virginia's approval.","2.\tWork-Product Privileged Records: These records, most often found in case files, include correspondence, memoranda, drafts of briefs, written statements of witnesses, notes of mental impressions, personal recollections, and other materials prepared or created by ACLU attorneys while working on a case. These records are strictly closed for 20 years after the closure of the associated case or cases. After that time, they may be released with the ACLU-VA's approval. Any materials documenting communications with clients or potential clients remain protected by attorney-client privilege when mixed with work-product privileged records."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is generally arranged into series and subseries according to the date of accession at the University of Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first series contains materials that the ACLU-VA transferred to Alderman Library in nine installments. In 1988, archivists separated some of these materials into a tenth \"restricted\" subseries. The second series contains materials that the ACLU-VA directly transferred to the Arthur J. Morris Law Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe arrangement of items and files in the series and sub-series generally corresponds to their original order at the ACLU of Virginia's offices.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is generally arranged into series and subseries according to the date of accession at the University of Virginia.","The first series contains materials that the ACLU-VA transferred to Alderman Library in nine installments. In 1988, archivists separated some of these materials into a tenth \"restricted\" subseries. The second series contains materials that the ACLU-VA directly transferred to the Arthur J. Morris Law Library.","The arrangement of items and files in the series and sub-series generally corresponds to their original order at the ACLU of Virginia's offices."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe ACLU of Virginia was begun in 1967, and by early 1968 had 1700 members. In that year, the National Development Council of the ACLU approved a grant proposal from the Virginia affiliate for funds to hire permanent staff. Between 1967 and 1985, the executive directorship had been held consecutively by Lauren Selden, Shalom Dubow, Betsy Brinson, and Chan Kendrick.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the period documented in this collection, the ACLU of Virginia supported the rights of children, the intellectually disabled, students, women, homosexuals, and racial minorities. It funded projects to effect improvements in the treatment and living conditions of patients in the state's mental institutions, and migrant farmworkers on the Eastern Shore. It opposed religion in public schools, illegal police searches, and the imposition of dress or hair length codes in schools or the work place. In the General Assembly, the Virginia affiliate fought for the Equal Rights Amendment, the right to abortion, reapportionment, and certain court reforms and changes in the juvenile code. The organization was an active advocate for academic freedom and for the protection of individuals' privacy. It pushed for reform of drug laws and called for the end of capital punishment. The most extensive and visible project for Virginia's ACLU in the 1970's and early 1980's was the prison project. The prison project was a movement to insure adequate legal protection of inmates, as well as to improve their living conditions and treatment.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The ACLU of Virginia was begun in 1967, and by early 1968 had 1700 members. In that year, the National Development Council of the ACLU approved a grant proposal from the Virginia affiliate for funds to hire permanent staff. Between 1967 and 1985, the executive directorship had been held consecutively by Lauren Selden, Shalom Dubow, Betsy Brinson, and Chan Kendrick.","During the period documented in this collection, the ACLU of Virginia supported the rights of children, the intellectually disabled, students, women, homosexuals, and racial minorities. It funded projects to effect improvements in the treatment and living conditions of patients in the state's mental institutions, and migrant farmworkers on the Eastern Shore. It opposed religion in public schools, illegal police searches, and the imposition of dress or hair length codes in schools or the work place. In the General Assembly, the Virginia affiliate fought for the Equal Rights Amendment, the right to abortion, reapportionment, and certain court reforms and changes in the juvenile code. The organization was an active advocate for academic freedom and for the protection of individuals' privacy. It pushed for reform of drug laws and called for the end of capital punishment. The most extensive and visible project for Virginia's ACLU in the 1970's and early 1980's was the prison project. The prison project was a movement to insure adequate legal protection of inmates, as well as to improve their living conditions and treatment."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn nine installments, between 1971 and 1985, the ACLU of Virginia transferred much of this collection to the University of Virginia's Alderman Library. The initial installment was accessioned as #9690, and succeeding ones were numbered #9690-a, -b, etc.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["In nine installments, between 1971 and 1985, the ACLU of Virginia transferred much of this collection to the University of Virginia's Alderman Library. The initial installment was accessioned as #9690, and succeeding ones were numbered #9690-a, -b, etc."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the work of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) of Virginia between 1967 and 1984. The subjects of this collection reflect the organization's mission and priorities during that period. They relate to a wide range of issues including academic freedom; due process; the rights of children and students; racial and sexual discrimination; the military draft; religion in public schools; the rights of women; the rights of prisoners; state reapportionment; the rights of the mentally disabled; and the rights of migrant workers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eACLU of Virginia staff members created and maintained the records in this collection, which include meeting minutes, correspondence, personnel records, reports, press releases, broadsides, memoranda, case files, project files, and topical files. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents the work of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) of Virginia between 1967 and 1984. The subjects of this collection reflect the organization's mission and priorities during that period. They relate to a wide range of issues including academic freedom; due process; the rights of children and students; racial and sexual discrimination; the military draft; religion in public schools; the rights of women; the rights of prisoners; state reapportionment; the rights of the mentally disabled; and the rights of migrant workers.","ACLU of Virginia staff members created and maintained the records in this collection, which include meeting minutes, correspondence, personnel records, reports, press releases, broadsides, memoranda, case files, project files, and topical files."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creators of the content.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creators of the content."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1115,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-15T00:04:49.439Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_616","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_616","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_616","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_616","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_616.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/132886","title_ssm":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia records"],"title_tesim":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1954-1984","1967-1984"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1954-1984"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1967-1984"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1954/1984, bulk 1967/1984"],"normalized_title_ssm":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia records, 1954/1984, bulk 1967/1984"],"text":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia records, 1954/1984, bulk 1967/1984","MSS.85.2","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/616","Academic freedom -- United States","Apportionment (Election law) -- Virginia","Capital punishment -- Virginia","Children -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Civil rights -- United States","Draft -- United States","Equal rights amendments -- United States","Legal assistance to military personnel -- Virginia","Migrant agricultural laborers -- Virginia","People with mental disabilities -- Institutional care -- Virginia","Prisoners -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Religion in the public schools -- Law and legislation -- Virginia","Sex discrimination against women -- Law and legislation -- United States","Students -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Draft resisters -- United States","Women's rights -- United States","Race discrimination -- Law and legislation -- Virginia","to many of the materials in the ACLU of Virginia papers is restricted. Some documents are open to researchers, but most are either closed by law or require special permissions from the ACLU of Virginia. The restrictions that govern this collection are described below. They ensure the Law Library's compliance with applicable laws and institutional policies as well as the conditions of the ACLU's donation of these records to the University of Virginia.","Open to Researchers:","Researchers may view public documents in the collection without additional permissions. These include public court records, such as briefs, transcripts, and judgments. They also include press releases and media coverage of cases. Any public documents marked with attorney notes may be considered work-product privileged records and they are restricted.","Closed to Researchers:","1.\tAttorney-Client Privileged Records: Any item documenting communications between an attorney and a client or potential client. This includes but is not limited to written correspondence, memoranda to the file, notes, or any report of communication to or from a client or potential client. These records may be opened to researchers if the client or the client's legal representative waives the privilege in writing, and the ACLU of Virginia approves the release.","2.\tClassified Documents: These materials will remain closed until they are declassified. After which time, access may need to be approved by the ACLU of Virginia.","3.\tDocuments Placed Under Seal of Court or Protective Order: These materials will remain closed until they are unsealed and/or the protective order is modified. After which time, access may need to be approved by the ACLU of Virginia.","4.\tDocuments Identifying Anonymous Clients: Any documents identifying an anonymous or pseudonymous client will remain closed unless the client or the client's legal representative approves opening them in writing. After client approval, the ACLU of Virginia must also approve access.","5.\tTerms of a Confidential Settlement: Materials documenting terms of a confidential settlement will remain closed unless the parties involved waive their privilege to confidentiality in writing.","6.\tPersonnel Records: Records which deal with personnel issues, whether in personnel files or in other files maintained by the ACLU of Virginia, shall be closed until 75 years after their creation. When scattered personnel records are present in open files, they shall be governed by this paragraph. This restriction shall not apply if the person or persons to whom the record applies have given their permission in writing to disclose said information. Also, the ACLU of Virginia must approve the release of the records.","7.\tPersonally Identifiable Information Not Revealed in Public Court Documents: Records containing personally identifiable information not revealed in public court documents will be closed for seventy-five years (100 years if the information pertains to children). After that time, the ACLU of Virginia must also approve access to the documents.","Requires ACLU-VA Approval:","Some materials in this collection may be released to researchers with the ACLU of Virginia's approval. To access these materials, researchers must submit a written request to the University of Virginia Law Library. The request must include the researcher's name, the reason for the request, and a list of the requested materials. The University of Virginia Law Library will forward written requests to the ACLU of Virginia. The Library will inform researchers when the ACLU of Virginia has either approved or denied their requests.","Here is a list of materials that may be released with the approval of the ACLU of Virginia:","1.\tAdministrative Records of the ACLU-VA: These records document the ACLU-VA's operations and were maintained by its staff. These include, but are not limited to, reports, meeting minutes, agendas, memoranda, staff directories, topical files, project files, and other materials that do not contain information strictly closed to researchers (e.g., personnel records). These records are strictly closed for 20 years after creation or 10 years after their deposit in the UVA Law Library, whichever is later, but in no case for more than 30 years after the creation of the record. After these times, records may be released with the ACLU of Virginia's approval.","2.\tWork-Product Privileged Records: These records, most often found in case files, include correspondence, memoranda, drafts of briefs, written statements of witnesses, notes of mental impressions, personal recollections, and other materials prepared or created by ACLU attorneys while working on a case. These records are strictly closed for 20 years after the closure of the associated case or cases. After that time, they may be released with the ACLU-VA's approval. Any materials documenting communications with clients or potential clients remain protected by attorney-client privilege when mixed with work-product privileged records.","The collection is generally arranged into series and subseries according to the date of accession at the University of Virginia.","The first series contains materials that the ACLU-VA transferred to Alderman Library in nine installments. In 1988, archivists separated some of these materials into a tenth \"restricted\" subseries. The second series contains materials that the ACLU-VA directly transferred to the Arthur J. Morris Law Library.","The arrangement of items and files in the series and sub-series generally corresponds to their original order at the ACLU of Virginia's offices.","The ACLU of Virginia was begun in 1967, and by early 1968 had 1700 members. In that year, the National Development Council of the ACLU approved a grant proposal from the Virginia affiliate for funds to hire permanent staff. Between 1967 and 1985, the executive directorship had been held consecutively by Lauren Selden, Shalom Dubow, Betsy Brinson, and Chan Kendrick.","During the period documented in this collection, the ACLU of Virginia supported the rights of children, the intellectually disabled, students, women, homosexuals, and racial minorities. It funded projects to effect improvements in the treatment and living conditions of patients in the state's mental institutions, and migrant farmworkers on the Eastern Shore. It opposed religion in public schools, illegal police searches, and the imposition of dress or hair length codes in schools or the work place. In the General Assembly, the Virginia affiliate fought for the Equal Rights Amendment, the right to abortion, reapportionment, and certain court reforms and changes in the juvenile code. The organization was an active advocate for academic freedom and for the protection of individuals' privacy. It pushed for reform of drug laws and called for the end of capital punishment. The most extensive and visible project for Virginia's ACLU in the 1970's and early 1980's was the prison project. The prison project was a movement to insure adequate legal protection of inmates, as well as to improve their living conditions and treatment.","In nine installments, between 1971 and 1985, the ACLU of Virginia transferred much of this collection to the University of Virginia's Alderman Library. The initial installment was accessioned as #9690, and succeeding ones were numbered #9690-a, -b, etc.","This collection documents the work of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) of Virginia between 1967 and 1984. The subjects of this collection reflect the organization's mission and priorities during that period. They relate to a wide range of issues including academic freedom; due process; the rights of children and students; racial and sexual discrimination; the military draft; religion in public schools; the rights of women; the rights of prisoners; state reapportionment; the rights of the mentally disabled; and the rights of migrant workers.","ACLU of Virginia staff members created and maintained the records in this collection, which include meeting minutes, correspondence, personnel records, reports, press releases, broadsides, memoranda, case files, project files, and topical files.","Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creators of the content.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia records, 1954/1984, bulk 1967/1984"],"collection_ssim":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia records, 1954/1984, bulk 1967/1984"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.85.2","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/616"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.85.2","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/616"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"creator_ssim":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"creators_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"access_terms_ssm":["Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creators of the content."],"acqinfo_ssim":["In 1985, the executive director of the ACLU of Virginia, Chan Kendrick, approved the transfer of the existing ACLU collection from the University of Virginia's Alderman Library to the Arthur J. Morris Law Library. Then in 1986, the ACLU transferred additional materials directly to the Law Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Academic freedom -- United States","Apportionment (Election law) -- Virginia","Capital punishment -- Virginia","Children -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Civil rights -- United States","Draft -- United States","Equal rights amendments -- United States","Legal assistance to military personnel -- Virginia","Migrant agricultural laborers -- Virginia","People with mental disabilities -- Institutional care -- Virginia","Prisoners -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Religion in the public schools -- Law and legislation -- Virginia","Sex discrimination against women -- Law and legislation -- United States","Students -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Draft resisters -- United States","Women's rights -- United States","Race discrimination -- Law and legislation -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Academic freedom -- United States","Apportionment (Election law) -- Virginia","Capital punishment -- Virginia","Children -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Civil rights -- United States","Draft -- United States","Equal rights amendments -- United States","Legal assistance to military personnel -- Virginia","Migrant agricultural laborers -- Virginia","People with mental disabilities -- Institutional care -- Virginia","Prisoners -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Religion in the public schools -- Law and legislation -- Virginia","Sex discrimination against women -- Law and legislation -- United States","Students -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Draft resisters -- United States","Women's rights -- United States","Race discrimination -- Law and legislation -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["120 Cubic Feet 254 archival boxes"],"extent_tesim":["120 Cubic Feet 254 archival boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eto many of the materials in the ACLU of Virginia papers is restricted. Some documents are open to researchers, but most are either closed by law or require special permissions from the ACLU of Virginia. The restrictions that govern this collection are described below. They ensure the Law Library's compliance with applicable laws and institutional policies as well as the conditions of the ACLU's donation of these records to the University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph\u003eOpen to Researchers:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may view public documents in the collection without additional permissions. These include public court records, such as briefs, transcripts, and judgments. They also include press releases and media coverage of cases. Any public documents marked with attorney notes may be considered work-product privileged records and they are restricted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph\u003eClosed to Researchers:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.\tAttorney-Client Privileged Records: Any item documenting communications between an attorney and a client or potential client. This includes but is not limited to written correspondence, memoranda to the file, notes, or any report of communication to or from a client or potential client. These records may be opened to researchers if the client or the client's legal representative waives the privilege in writing, and the ACLU of Virginia approves the release.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2.\tClassified Documents: These materials will remain closed until they are declassified. After which time, access may need to be approved by the ACLU of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3.\tDocuments Placed Under Seal of Court or Protective Order: These materials will remain closed until they are unsealed and/or the protective order is modified. After which time, access may need to be approved by the ACLU of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4.\tDocuments Identifying Anonymous Clients: Any documents identifying an anonymous or pseudonymous client will remain closed unless the client or the client's legal representative approves opening them in writing. After client approval, the ACLU of Virginia must also approve access.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5.\tTerms of a Confidential Settlement: Materials documenting terms of a confidential settlement will remain closed unless the parties involved waive their privilege to confidentiality in writing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.\tPersonnel Records: Records which deal with personnel issues, whether in personnel files or in other files maintained by the ACLU of Virginia, shall be closed until 75 years after their creation. When scattered personnel records are present in open files, they shall be governed by this paragraph. This restriction shall not apply if the person or persons to whom the record applies have given their permission in writing to disclose said information. Also, the ACLU of Virginia must approve the release of the records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7.\tPersonally Identifiable Information Not Revealed in Public Court Documents: Records containing personally identifiable information not revealed in public court documents will be closed for seventy-five years (100 years if the information pertains to children). After that time, the ACLU of Virginia must also approve access to the documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph\u003eAccess Requires ACLU-VA Approval:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome materials in this collection may be released to researchers with the ACLU of Virginia's approval. To access these materials, researchers must submit a written request to the University of Virginia Law Library. The request must include the researcher's name, the reason for the request, and a list of the requested materials. The University of Virginia Law Library will forward written requests to the ACLU of Virginia. The Library will inform researchers when the ACLU of Virginia has either approved or denied their requests.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHere is a list of materials that may be released with the approval of the ACLU of Virginia:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1.\tAdministrative Records of the ACLU-VA: These records document the ACLU-VA's operations and were maintained by its staff. These include, but are not limited to, reports, meeting minutes, agendas, memoranda, staff directories, topical files, project files, and other materials that do not contain information strictly closed to researchers (e.g., personnel records). These records are strictly closed for 20 years after creation or 10 years after their deposit in the UVA Law Library, whichever is later, but in no case for more than 30 years after the creation of the record. After these times, records may be released with the ACLU of Virginia's approval.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2.\tWork-Product Privileged Records: These records, most often found in case files, include correspondence, memoranda, drafts of briefs, written statements of witnesses, notes of mental impressions, personal recollections, and other materials prepared or created by ACLU attorneys while working on a case. These records are strictly closed for 20 years after the closure of the associated case or cases. After that time, they may be released with the ACLU-VA's approval. Any materials documenting communications with clients or potential clients remain protected by attorney-client privilege when mixed with work-product privileged records.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["to many of the materials in the ACLU of Virginia papers is restricted. Some documents are open to researchers, but most are either closed by law or require special permissions from the ACLU of Virginia. The restrictions that govern this collection are described below. They ensure the Law Library's compliance with applicable laws and institutional policies as well as the conditions of the ACLU's donation of these records to the University of Virginia.","Open to Researchers:","Researchers may view public documents in the collection without additional permissions. These include public court records, such as briefs, transcripts, and judgments. They also include press releases and media coverage of cases. Any public documents marked with attorney notes may be considered work-product privileged records and they are restricted.","Closed to Researchers:","1.\tAttorney-Client Privileged Records: Any item documenting communications between an attorney and a client or potential client. This includes but is not limited to written correspondence, memoranda to the file, notes, or any report of communication to or from a client or potential client. These records may be opened to researchers if the client or the client's legal representative waives the privilege in writing, and the ACLU of Virginia approves the release.","2.\tClassified Documents: These materials will remain closed until they are declassified. After which time, access may need to be approved by the ACLU of Virginia.","3.\tDocuments Placed Under Seal of Court or Protective Order: These materials will remain closed until they are unsealed and/or the protective order is modified. After which time, access may need to be approved by the ACLU of Virginia.","4.\tDocuments Identifying Anonymous Clients: Any documents identifying an anonymous or pseudonymous client will remain closed unless the client or the client's legal representative approves opening them in writing. After client approval, the ACLU of Virginia must also approve access.","5.\tTerms of a Confidential Settlement: Materials documenting terms of a confidential settlement will remain closed unless the parties involved waive their privilege to confidentiality in writing.","6.\tPersonnel Records: Records which deal with personnel issues, whether in personnel files or in other files maintained by the ACLU of Virginia, shall be closed until 75 years after their creation. When scattered personnel records are present in open files, they shall be governed by this paragraph. This restriction shall not apply if the person or persons to whom the record applies have given their permission in writing to disclose said information. Also, the ACLU of Virginia must approve the release of the records.","7.\tPersonally Identifiable Information Not Revealed in Public Court Documents: Records containing personally identifiable information not revealed in public court documents will be closed for seventy-five years (100 years if the information pertains to children). After that time, the ACLU of Virginia must also approve access to the documents.","Requires ACLU-VA Approval:","Some materials in this collection may be released to researchers with the ACLU of Virginia's approval. To access these materials, researchers must submit a written request to the University of Virginia Law Library. The request must include the researcher's name, the reason for the request, and a list of the requested materials. The University of Virginia Law Library will forward written requests to the ACLU of Virginia. The Library will inform researchers when the ACLU of Virginia has either approved or denied their requests.","Here is a list of materials that may be released with the approval of the ACLU of Virginia:","1.\tAdministrative Records of the ACLU-VA: These records document the ACLU-VA's operations and were maintained by its staff. These include, but are not limited to, reports, meeting minutes, agendas, memoranda, staff directories, topical files, project files, and other materials that do not contain information strictly closed to researchers (e.g., personnel records). These records are strictly closed for 20 years after creation or 10 years after their deposit in the UVA Law Library, whichever is later, but in no case for more than 30 years after the creation of the record. After these times, records may be released with the ACLU of Virginia's approval.","2.\tWork-Product Privileged Records: These records, most often found in case files, include correspondence, memoranda, drafts of briefs, written statements of witnesses, notes of mental impressions, personal recollections, and other materials prepared or created by ACLU attorneys while working on a case. These records are strictly closed for 20 years after the closure of the associated case or cases. After that time, they may be released with the ACLU-VA's approval. Any materials documenting communications with clients or potential clients remain protected by attorney-client privilege when mixed with work-product privileged records."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is generally arranged into series and subseries according to the date of accession at the University of Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first series contains materials that the ACLU-VA transferred to Alderman Library in nine installments. In 1988, archivists separated some of these materials into a tenth \"restricted\" subseries. The second series contains materials that the ACLU-VA directly transferred to the Arthur J. Morris Law Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe arrangement of items and files in the series and sub-series generally corresponds to their original order at the ACLU of Virginia's offices.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is generally arranged into series and subseries according to the date of accession at the University of Virginia.","The first series contains materials that the ACLU-VA transferred to Alderman Library in nine installments. In 1988, archivists separated some of these materials into a tenth \"restricted\" subseries. The second series contains materials that the ACLU-VA directly transferred to the Arthur J. Morris Law Library.","The arrangement of items and files in the series and sub-series generally corresponds to their original order at the ACLU of Virginia's offices."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe ACLU of Virginia was begun in 1967, and by early 1968 had 1700 members. In that year, the National Development Council of the ACLU approved a grant proposal from the Virginia affiliate for funds to hire permanent staff. Between 1967 and 1985, the executive directorship had been held consecutively by Lauren Selden, Shalom Dubow, Betsy Brinson, and Chan Kendrick.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the period documented in this collection, the ACLU of Virginia supported the rights of children, the intellectually disabled, students, women, homosexuals, and racial minorities. It funded projects to effect improvements in the treatment and living conditions of patients in the state's mental institutions, and migrant farmworkers on the Eastern Shore. It opposed religion in public schools, illegal police searches, and the imposition of dress or hair length codes in schools or the work place. In the General Assembly, the Virginia affiliate fought for the Equal Rights Amendment, the right to abortion, reapportionment, and certain court reforms and changes in the juvenile code. The organization was an active advocate for academic freedom and for the protection of individuals' privacy. It pushed for reform of drug laws and called for the end of capital punishment. The most extensive and visible project for Virginia's ACLU in the 1970's and early 1980's was the prison project. The prison project was a movement to insure adequate legal protection of inmates, as well as to improve their living conditions and treatment.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The ACLU of Virginia was begun in 1967, and by early 1968 had 1700 members. In that year, the National Development Council of the ACLU approved a grant proposal from the Virginia affiliate for funds to hire permanent staff. Between 1967 and 1985, the executive directorship had been held consecutively by Lauren Selden, Shalom Dubow, Betsy Brinson, and Chan Kendrick.","During the period documented in this collection, the ACLU of Virginia supported the rights of children, the intellectually disabled, students, women, homosexuals, and racial minorities. It funded projects to effect improvements in the treatment and living conditions of patients in the state's mental institutions, and migrant farmworkers on the Eastern Shore. It opposed religion in public schools, illegal police searches, and the imposition of dress or hair length codes in schools or the work place. In the General Assembly, the Virginia affiliate fought for the Equal Rights Amendment, the right to abortion, reapportionment, and certain court reforms and changes in the juvenile code. The organization was an active advocate for academic freedom and for the protection of individuals' privacy. It pushed for reform of drug laws and called for the end of capital punishment. The most extensive and visible project for Virginia's ACLU in the 1970's and early 1980's was the prison project. The prison project was a movement to insure adequate legal protection of inmates, as well as to improve their living conditions and treatment."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn nine installments, between 1971 and 1985, the ACLU of Virginia transferred much of this collection to the University of Virginia's Alderman Library. The initial installment was accessioned as #9690, and succeeding ones were numbered #9690-a, -b, etc.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["In nine installments, between 1971 and 1985, the ACLU of Virginia transferred much of this collection to the University of Virginia's Alderman Library. The initial installment was accessioned as #9690, and succeeding ones were numbered #9690-a, -b, etc."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the work of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) of Virginia between 1967 and 1984. The subjects of this collection reflect the organization's mission and priorities during that period. They relate to a wide range of issues including academic freedom; due process; the rights of children and students; racial and sexual discrimination; the military draft; religion in public schools; the rights of women; the rights of prisoners; state reapportionment; the rights of the mentally disabled; and the rights of migrant workers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eACLU of Virginia staff members created and maintained the records in this collection, which include meeting minutes, correspondence, personnel records, reports, press releases, broadsides, memoranda, case files, project files, and topical files. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents the work of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) of Virginia between 1967 and 1984. The subjects of this collection reflect the organization's mission and priorities during that period. They relate to a wide range of issues including academic freedom; due process; the rights of children and students; racial and sexual discrimination; the military draft; religion in public schools; the rights of women; the rights of prisoners; state reapportionment; the rights of the mentally disabled; and the rights of migrant workers.","ACLU of Virginia staff members created and maintained the records in this collection, which include meeting minutes, correspondence, personnel records, reports, press releases, broadsides, memoranda, case files, project files, and topical files."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creators of the content.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creators of the content."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1115,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-15T00:04:49.439Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_616"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1591","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Howard W. Smith Papers, 1933/1966","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1591#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the files and working papers of Howard Worth Smith who represented Virginia in Congress for some thirty-five years as representative from the Eighth Congressional District. Included are correspondence received and carbon copies of replies, clippings, printed government and other publications, copies of printed bills, reports, press releases, speeches, notes, memoranda, financial records, tape and disc recordings, drawings, and other materials. The papers cover the years 1933 to 1966 when Smith retired from Congress.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1591#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1591","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1591","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1591","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1591","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1591.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/192326","title_filing_ssi":"Smith, Howard W. Papers","title_ssm":["Howard W. Smith Papers"],"title_tesim":["Howard W. Smith Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1933-1966"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1933-1966"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1933/1966"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Howard W. Smith Papers, 1933/1966"],"text":["Howard W. Smith Papers, 1933/1966","MSS 8731","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1591","Democratic Party (Va.)","United States. Congress. House.","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Rules","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Labor laws and legislation United States","Virginia -- Politics and government","Civil rights -- United States","Conservatism -- United States","architectural drawings (visual works)","letters (correspondence)","reports","government records","federal government records","state government records","Resolutions (administrative records)","This collection is open for research.","Series I: Bills Introduced in Congress by Judge Smith Boxes 1-12 In general, this series comprises a chronological arrangement by Congress, and an alphabetical series of topics within each Congress. The folders usually contain a copy of the printed bill plus pertinent correspondence, notes, and other helpful material.","Series II: Miscellaneous Legislation Boxes 13-111 This series comprises a chronological series by Congress with an alphabetical arrangement of topics within each Congress. There is generally one folder for each topic, but occasionally there are more. The folders contain correspondence, notes, printed materials, copies of the printed bill, and anything Judge Smith or his staff found pertinent. When material identified as belonging to an earlier Congress appears under a later one, it has been left where it was found on the presumption that the legislation may have carried over or that it was placed there for good reason. Note especially the sub-series on Civil rights in boxes 100-111.","Series III: Miscellaneous Correspondence Boxes 112-187 Boxes 112-187\nAgain, the arrangement in this series is by Congress, and within the Congress, the arrangement is alphabetical. The series begins with the 84th Congress. The topics range from the Democratic National Committee to the Fish and Wildlife Service.","Series IV: Private Bills Boxes 188, 189 Bills introduced by Smith \"for the relief of\" constituents or other private individuals.","Series V: Speeches, Articles, Recordings, Etc. Boxes 190-193; [oversize box] This series contains offprints of articles by and about Smith, copies of the Congressional Record containing Smith's speeches in \"Congress, and other publications containing interviews with, or articles by Smith. Drafts and texts of speeches by Smith are found. The materials are arranged by Congress. There are a number of tape and disc recordings of speeches by Smith, or interviews of him.","Series VI: Campaign Record Boxes 194-210 In this series are found campaign literature, clippings, returns, correspondence with workers and supporters, lists of votes, expense accounts, research files on hi sopponents and their remarks, and folders on areas in Smith's district. Also present are folders on other Virginia elections, and some materials on national elections. The file is organized chronologically by the campaign beginnings with 1938, but materials are sparce until 1950.","Series VII: Endorsement and Patronage Correspondence Boxes 211-213 This correspondence is filed chronologically by the Congress, and alphabetically within the Congress, and covers the 83rd to 89th Congresses.","Series VIII: Correspondence re Petitions; Qualified Voters Boxes 214-217 Arranged by area within his district. Last two boxes contain mailing lists of qualified voters.","Series IX: National Labor Relations Board Files Boxes 219-229 An alphabetical file of materials generated by the Special Committee of the House headed by Smith which investigated the NLRB, 1939-1942. Three scrapbooks, listed at the end of the listings of boxes in this inventory, contain pertinent newspaper clippings and cartoons. For Smith's continuing interest in labor legislation, one should consult Series 1 and 2.","Series X: Strasbourg Conference Records Boxes 230, 231 Smith attended the conference held in Strasbourg in 1951 to discuss problems common to Europe and North America as a member of the U.S. delegation. most of the records in this series are printed reports and debates, but there are a few clippings and letters.","Series XI: Virginia Post Office Correspondence Boxes 232-254 This series contains an alphabetical arrangement by the name of the post office of correspondence concerning postmasterships, location of new post offices and the like. Much patronage material appears here.","Series XII: Service Academies Correspondence Boxes 255-264 A chronological series with folders for each academy for each year beginning with 1945, re appointments.","Series XIII: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Commission Records Boxes 265-270 This series contains, in no particular order, records of the work of the Commission appointed to determine a suitable memorial to Thomas Jefferson in Washington, D.C. There are minutes of the meetings of the commission, blue prints, correspondence, printed materials, etc. One should also note the existance of the architectural drawings submitted in competition for the design award. These are listed separately at the end of the listings of the contents of the boxes of the main collection.","Series XIV: Miscellaneous Files Boxes 271-274 Miscellaneous files, and clippings and articles about Smith.","Series XV: Scrapbooks This is a series of books, 1938-1966, filled with clippings about Smith and his career, organized chronologically, with some miscellaenous books at the end.","Series XVI: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Architectural Competition Drawings","Howard Worth Smith was born in Broad Run, Fauquier County, Virginia, on 2 February 1883. He attended the public schools there and was graduated from Bethel Military Academy, Warrenton, Va., in 1901. In 1903, he received his law degree from the University of Virginia, and entered the practice of law in Alexandria where he remained for the next eighteen years. He served as Commonwealth's attorney (1918-1922), judge of the corporation court (1922-1928), and judge of the 16th circuit court (1928-1930).","In 1931, he was elected to Congress from the Eighth Congressional District, and remained in office for thirty-five years. He served as chairman, Committee on Rules (Eighty-fourth through Eighty-ninth Congresses) and sponsor of the Smith Act of 1940. Smith was defeated for renomination in the Democratic primary in 1966.","Judge Smith resumed the practice of law in Alexandria, Va., where he died October 3, 1976. He was buried in Georgetown Cemetery, Broad Run, Va.","https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1","When Judge Smith was ready to leave his congressional offices, he called upon the National Archives and Records Service to clean out his files, and pack the materials; this is a service offered to Congressmen by NARS. NARS boxed up all the materials, and moved them across the Potomac to the Federal Records Center in Alexandria early in 1967.","Shortly thereafter, Judge Smith agreed to open his papers to the researchers of the Institute for Social Science Research, and the papers were moved a few blocks from the Federal Records Center to the third floor of Judge Smith's son's law office building where space was made available to the Institute.","The Institute staff worked through the material and removed from the boxes those papers which interested them particularly. These papers they placed in eight filing cabinets in the offices, and a card index file was prepared to assist in locating the materials. The remainder of the papers were kept in the NARS boxes and were stacked about the walls of the rooms. The collection was appraised at this time, and Mr. Robert Metzdorf's notes on the contents give a good summary of its research value.","It took the Institute fifteen or sixteen months to complete its work in the files. They made notes, and copied all materials which they found pertinent their research. By agreement with Judge Smith, the Institute has the right of prior publication of any material from the collection.","This finding aid was created for the purpose of access to Series XVI, and exists in addition to the the guide found at: https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;.","The papers have, in general, been kept in the order in which they were received from the Institute for Social Science Research. Because of the removal of a portion of the collection from the NARS boxes, it was not always possible for the Library staff to determine exactly what the original order of the collection had been. We have moved certain blocks of materials that seemed to belong together to create series within the collection, but very little moving of individual file folders has taken place. Thus, the researcher will find that there are minor inconsistencies in the chronological or alphabetical order in certain portions of the series.","The records/guides for this collection's original acquisition and other previous additions can be found in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Repositories of the Virginias (ARVAS) website.","For best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number.","This collection consists of the files and working papers of Howard Worth Smith who represented Virginia in Congress for some thirty-five years as representative from the Eighth Congressional District. Included are correspondence received and carbon copies of replies, clippings, printed government and other publications, copies of printed bills, reports, press releases, speeches, notes, memoranda, financial records, tape and disc recordings, drawings, and other materials. The papers cover the years 1933 to 1966 when Smith retired from Congress.","The collection is now contained in 274 Hollinger storage boxes (ca. 5\"x15\"x10\"), one oversize box; additionally, there are eighteen looseleaf and scrapbooks, and forty-four architectural drawings. The collection fills approximately 150 shelf feet.","Smith's influence in Congress came chiefly from his early appointment to the Rules Committee. In 1955, he became its chairman, an exceedingly powerful position as the committee can determine the \"length and manner of debate\" on any measure moving from a committee to the floor of the House. \"Although it was initially designed as a traffic committee to ease and expedite the flow of legislation in the House, the Rules Committee by postponing or refusing to grant a bill a rule bottled up measures which did not win the approval of its conservative majority.\" (J. Harvie Wilkinson, III, H arry Byrd and the Changing Face of Virginia Politics, 1945-1966 [Charlottesville, 1968], 71.","Other research interests which may be studied in the collection, according to Mr. Robert Metzdorf, are: \"political history of Virginia, relations of the Virginia and Southern Democrats to the rest of the Democratic Party, labor unions and labor laws, lobbying, investigation of Un-Americian activities, alien registration, the Smith Act and subversion, history of the District of Columbia 1930-1966 [and legislation in Congress pertaining to it as Smith sat on the District Committee], conservation and water pollution, Selective Service and other war-time legislation, the Supreme Court and State's rights, memorials to Jefferson and Madison, the history of workmen's compensation, reappointment and the federal courts, civil rights, the Rules Committee and its role in the legislative process, the history of foreign aid, federal aid to education, the history of immigration, relation between the legislative and executive branches, the history of conservatism in the United States, 1930-1966.\" To these notes may be added the study of unique northern Virginia politics, patronage, and the continuing work of a Congressman in relation to his colleagues and in particular to his constituents. There does not appear to be much material in the collection which shows Smith's relation to Senator Harry Byrd in the political sense, although there is interesting correspondence. Naturally, the collection will be the basis for any biography of Judge Smith, an important historical task which, hopefully, will be undertaken soon.","https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1","https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Howard Worth Smith","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Howard W. Smith Papers, 1933/1966"],"collection_ssim":["Howard W. Smith Papers, 1933/1966"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 8731","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1591"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 8731","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1591"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Howard Worth Smith"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Howard Worth Smith","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The papers were given to the University of Virginia Library on October 18, 1967 by Judge Smith."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Democratic Party (Va.)","United States. Congress. House.","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Rules","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Labor laws and legislation United States","Virginia -- Politics and government","Civil rights -- United States","Conservatism -- United States","architectural drawings (visual works)","letters (correspondence)","reports","government records","federal government records","state government records","Resolutions (administrative records)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Democratic Party (Va.)","United States. Congress. House.","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Rules","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Labor laws and legislation United States","Virginia -- Politics and government","Civil rights -- United States","Conservatism -- United States","architectural drawings (visual works)","letters (correspondence)","reports","government records","federal government records","state government records","Resolutions (administrative records)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["187 Cubic Feet"],"extent_tesim":["187 Cubic Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["architectural drawings (visual works)","letters (correspondence)","reports","government records","federal government records","state government records","Resolutions (administrative records)"],"date_range_isim":[1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Bills Introduced in Congress by Judge Smith Boxes 1-12 In general, this series comprises a chronological arrangement by Congress, and an alphabetical series of topics within each Congress. The folders usually contain a copy of the printed bill plus pertinent correspondence, notes, and other helpful material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Miscellaneous Legislation Boxes 13-111 This series comprises a chronological series by Congress with an alphabetical arrangement of topics within each Congress. There is generally one folder for each topic, but occasionally there are more. The folders contain correspondence, notes, printed materials, copies of the printed bill, and anything Judge Smith or his staff found pertinent. When material identified as belonging to an earlier Congress appears under a later one, it has been left where it was found on the presumption that the legislation may have carried over or that it was placed there for good reason. Note especially the sub-series on Civil rights in boxes 100-111.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Miscellaneous Correspondence Boxes 112-187 Boxes 112-187\nAgain, the arrangement in this series is by Congress, and within the Congress, the arrangement is alphabetical. The series begins with the 84th Congress. The topics range from the Democratic National Committee to the Fish and Wildlife Service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Private Bills Boxes 188, 189 Bills introduced by Smith \"for the relief of\" constituents or other private individuals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries V: Speeches, Articles, Recordings, Etc. Boxes 190-193; [oversize box] This series contains offprints of articles by and about Smith, copies of the Congressional Record containing Smith's speeches in \"Congress, and other publications containing interviews with, or articles by Smith. Drafts and texts of speeches by Smith are found. The materials are arranged by Congress. There are a number of tape and disc recordings of speeches by Smith, or interviews of him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: Campaign Record Boxes 194-210 In this series are found campaign literature, clippings, returns, correspondence with workers and supporters, lists of votes, expense accounts, research files on hi sopponents and their remarks, and folders on areas in Smith's district. Also present are folders on other Virginia elections, and some materials on national elections. The file is organized chronologically by the campaign beginnings with 1938, but materials are sparce until 1950.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII: Endorsement and Patronage Correspondence Boxes 211-213 This correspondence is filed chronologically by the Congress, and alphabetically within the Congress, and covers the 83rd to 89th Congresses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII: Correspondence re Petitions; Qualified Voters Boxes 214-217 Arranged by area within his district. Last two boxes contain mailing lists of qualified voters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IX: National Labor Relations Board Files Boxes 219-229 An alphabetical file of materials generated by the Special Committee of the House headed by Smith which investigated the NLRB, 1939-1942. Three scrapbooks, listed at the end of the listings of boxes in this inventory, contain pertinent newspaper clippings and cartoons. For Smith's continuing interest in labor legislation, one should consult Series 1 and 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries X: Strasbourg Conference Records Boxes 230, 231 Smith attended the conference held in Strasbourg in 1951 to discuss problems common to Europe and North America as a member of the U.S. delegation. most of the records in this series are printed reports and debates, but there are a few clippings and letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XI: Virginia Post Office Correspondence Boxes 232-254 This series contains an alphabetical arrangement by the name of the post office of correspondence concerning postmasterships, location of new post offices and the like. Much patronage material appears here.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XII: Service Academies Correspondence Boxes 255-264 A chronological series with folders for each academy for each year beginning with 1945, re appointments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XIII: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Commission Records Boxes 265-270 This series contains, in no particular order, records of the work of the Commission appointed to determine a suitable memorial to Thomas Jefferson in Washington, D.C. There are minutes of the meetings of the commission, blue prints, correspondence, printed materials, etc. One should also note the existance of the architectural drawings submitted in competition for the design award. These are listed separately at the end of the listings of the contents of the boxes of the main collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XIV: Miscellaneous Files Boxes 271-274 Miscellaneous files, and clippings and articles about Smith.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XV: Scrapbooks This is a series of books, 1938-1966, filled with clippings about Smith and his career, organized chronologically, with some miscellaenous books at the end.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XVI: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Architectural Competition Drawings \u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I: Bills Introduced in Congress by Judge Smith Boxes 1-12 In general, this series comprises a chronological arrangement by Congress, and an alphabetical series of topics within each Congress. The folders usually contain a copy of the printed bill plus pertinent correspondence, notes, and other helpful material.","Series II: Miscellaneous Legislation Boxes 13-111 This series comprises a chronological series by Congress with an alphabetical arrangement of topics within each Congress. There is generally one folder for each topic, but occasionally there are more. The folders contain correspondence, notes, printed materials, copies of the printed bill, and anything Judge Smith or his staff found pertinent. When material identified as belonging to an earlier Congress appears under a later one, it has been left where it was found on the presumption that the legislation may have carried over or that it was placed there for good reason. Note especially the sub-series on Civil rights in boxes 100-111.","Series III: Miscellaneous Correspondence Boxes 112-187 Boxes 112-187\nAgain, the arrangement in this series is by Congress, and within the Congress, the arrangement is alphabetical. The series begins with the 84th Congress. The topics range from the Democratic National Committee to the Fish and Wildlife Service.","Series IV: Private Bills Boxes 188, 189 Bills introduced by Smith \"for the relief of\" constituents or other private individuals.","Series V: Speeches, Articles, Recordings, Etc. Boxes 190-193; [oversize box] This series contains offprints of articles by and about Smith, copies of the Congressional Record containing Smith's speeches in \"Congress, and other publications containing interviews with, or articles by Smith. Drafts and texts of speeches by Smith are found. The materials are arranged by Congress. There are a number of tape and disc recordings of speeches by Smith, or interviews of him.","Series VI: Campaign Record Boxes 194-210 In this series are found campaign literature, clippings, returns, correspondence with workers and supporters, lists of votes, expense accounts, research files on hi sopponents and their remarks, and folders on areas in Smith's district. Also present are folders on other Virginia elections, and some materials on national elections. The file is organized chronologically by the campaign beginnings with 1938, but materials are sparce until 1950.","Series VII: Endorsement and Patronage Correspondence Boxes 211-213 This correspondence is filed chronologically by the Congress, and alphabetically within the Congress, and covers the 83rd to 89th Congresses.","Series VIII: Correspondence re Petitions; Qualified Voters Boxes 214-217 Arranged by area within his district. Last two boxes contain mailing lists of qualified voters.","Series IX: National Labor Relations Board Files Boxes 219-229 An alphabetical file of materials generated by the Special Committee of the House headed by Smith which investigated the NLRB, 1939-1942. Three scrapbooks, listed at the end of the listings of boxes in this inventory, contain pertinent newspaper clippings and cartoons. For Smith's continuing interest in labor legislation, one should consult Series 1 and 2.","Series X: Strasbourg Conference Records Boxes 230, 231 Smith attended the conference held in Strasbourg in 1951 to discuss problems common to Europe and North America as a member of the U.S. delegation. most of the records in this series are printed reports and debates, but there are a few clippings and letters.","Series XI: Virginia Post Office Correspondence Boxes 232-254 This series contains an alphabetical arrangement by the name of the post office of correspondence concerning postmasterships, location of new post offices and the like. Much patronage material appears here.","Series XII: Service Academies Correspondence Boxes 255-264 A chronological series with folders for each academy for each year beginning with 1945, re appointments.","Series XIII: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Commission Records Boxes 265-270 This series contains, in no particular order, records of the work of the Commission appointed to determine a suitable memorial to Thomas Jefferson in Washington, D.C. There are minutes of the meetings of the commission, blue prints, correspondence, printed materials, etc. One should also note the existance of the architectural drawings submitted in competition for the design award. These are listed separately at the end of the listings of the contents of the boxes of the main collection.","Series XIV: Miscellaneous Files Boxes 271-274 Miscellaneous files, and clippings and articles about Smith.","Series XV: Scrapbooks This is a series of books, 1938-1966, filled with clippings about Smith and his career, organized chronologically, with some miscellaenous books at the end.","Series XVI: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Architectural Competition Drawings"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHoward Worth Smith was born in Broad Run, Fauquier County, Virginia, on 2 February 1883. He attended the public schools there and was graduated from Bethel Military Academy, Warrenton, Va., in 1901. In 1903, he received his law degree from the University of Virginia, and entered the practice of law in Alexandria where he remained for the next eighteen years. He served as Commonwealth's attorney (1918-1922), judge of the corporation court (1922-1928), and judge of the 16th circuit court (1928-1930).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1931, he was elected to Congress from the Eighth Congressional District, and remained in office for thirty-five years. He served as chairman, Committee on Rules (Eighty-fourth through Eighty-ninth Congresses) and sponsor of the Smith Act of 1940. Smith was defeated for renomination in the Democratic primary in 1966.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudge Smith resumed the practice of law in Alexandria, Va., where he died October 3, 1976. He was buried in Georgetown Cemetery, Broad Run, Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nhttps://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Howard Worth Smith was born in Broad Run, Fauquier County, Virginia, on 2 February 1883. He attended the public schools there and was graduated from Bethel Military Academy, Warrenton, Va., in 1901. In 1903, he received his law degree from the University of Virginia, and entered the practice of law in Alexandria where he remained for the next eighteen years. He served as Commonwealth's attorney (1918-1922), judge of the corporation court (1922-1928), and judge of the 16th circuit court (1928-1930).","In 1931, he was elected to Congress from the Eighth Congressional District, and remained in office for thirty-five years. He served as chairman, Committee on Rules (Eighty-fourth through Eighty-ninth Congresses) and sponsor of the Smith Act of 1940. Smith was defeated for renomination in the Democratic primary in 1966.","Judge Smith resumed the practice of law in Alexandria, Va., where he died October 3, 1976. He was buried in Georgetown Cemetery, Broad Run, Va.","https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhen Judge Smith was ready to leave his congressional offices, he called upon the National Archives and Records Service to clean out his files, and pack the materials; this is a service offered to Congressmen by NARS. NARS boxed up all the materials, and moved them across the Potomac to the Federal Records Center in Alexandria early in 1967.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShortly thereafter, Judge Smith agreed to open his papers to the researchers of the Institute for Social Science Research, and the papers were moved a few blocks from the Federal Records Center to the third floor of Judge Smith's son's law office building where space was made available to the Institute.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Institute staff worked through the material and removed from the boxes those papers which interested them particularly. These papers they placed in eight filing cabinets in the offices, and a card index file was prepared to assist in locating the materials. The remainder of the papers were kept in the NARS boxes and were stacked about the walls of the rooms. The collection was appraised at this time, and Mr. Robert Metzdorf's notes on the contents give a good summary of its research value.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIt took the Institute fifteen or sixteen months to complete its work in the files. They made notes, and copied all materials which they found pertinent their research. By agreement with Judge Smith, the Institute has the right of prior publication of any material from the collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["When Judge Smith was ready to leave his congressional offices, he called upon the National Archives and Records Service to clean out his files, and pack the materials; this is a service offered to Congressmen by NARS. NARS boxed up all the materials, and moved them across the Potomac to the Federal Records Center in Alexandria early in 1967.","Shortly thereafter, Judge Smith agreed to open his papers to the researchers of the Institute for Social Science Research, and the papers were moved a few blocks from the Federal Records Center to the third floor of Judge Smith's son's law office building where space was made available to the Institute.","The Institute staff worked through the material and removed from the boxes those papers which interested them particularly. These papers they placed in eight filing cabinets in the offices, and a card index file was prepared to assist in locating the materials. The remainder of the papers were kept in the NARS boxes and were stacked about the walls of the rooms. The collection was appraised at this time, and Mr. Robert Metzdorf's notes on the contents give a good summary of its research value.","It took the Institute fifteen or sixteen months to complete its work in the files. They made notes, and copied all materials which they found pertinent their research. By agreement with Judge Smith, the Institute has the right of prior publication of any material from the collection."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ehttps://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1\u003c/p\u003e  "],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aids"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 8731, Howard W. Smith Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, Charlottesville, VA\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 8731, Howard W. Smith Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, Charlottesville, VA"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis finding aid was created for the purpose of access to Series XVI, and exists in addition to the the guide found at: https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers have, in general, been kept in the order in which they were received from the Institute for Social Science Research. Because of the removal of a portion of the collection from the NARS boxes, it was not always possible for the Library staff to determine exactly what the original order of the collection had been. We have moved certain blocks of materials that seemed to belong together to create series within the collection, but very little moving of individual file folders has taken place. Thus, the researcher will find that there are minor inconsistencies in the chronological or alphabetical order in certain portions of the series.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This finding aid was created for the purpose of access to Series XVI, and exists in addition to the the guide found at: https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;.","The papers have, in general, been kept in the order in which they were received from the Institute for Social Science Research. Because of the removal of a portion of the collection from the NARS boxes, it was not always possible for the Library staff to determine exactly what the original order of the collection had been. We have moved certain blocks of materials that seemed to belong together to create series within the collection, but very little moving of individual file folders has taken place. Thus, the researcher will find that there are minor inconsistencies in the chronological or alphabetical order in certain portions of the series."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records/guides for this collection's original acquisition and other previous additions can be found in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Repositories of the Virginias (ARVAS) website.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The records/guides for this collection's original acquisition and other previous additions can be found in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Repositories of the Virginias (ARVAS) website.","For best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the files and working papers of \u003cpersname\u003eHoward Worth Smith\u003c/persname\u003e who represented \u003cgeogname\u003eVirginia\u003c/geogname\u003e in Congress for some thirty-five years as representative from the Eighth Congressional District. Included are correspondence received and carbon copies of replies, clippings, printed government and other publications, copies of printed bills, reports, press releases, speeches, notes, memoranda, financial records, tape and disc recordings, drawings, and other materials. The papers cover the years \u003cdate\u003e1933\u003c/date\u003e to \u003cdate\u003e1966\u003c/date\u003e when Smith retired from Congress.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is now contained in 274 Hollinger storage boxes (ca. 5\"x15\"x10\"), one oversize box; additionally, there are eighteen looseleaf and scrapbooks, and forty-four architectural drawings. The collection fills approximately 150 shelf feet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmith's influence in Congress came chiefly from his early appointment to the Rules Committee. In \u003cdate\u003e1955\u003c/date\u003e, he became its chairman, an exceedingly powerful position as the committee can determine the \"length and manner of debate\" on any measure moving from a committee to the floor of the House. \"Although it was initially designed as a traffic committee to ease and expedite the flow of legislation in the House, the Rules Committee by postponing or refusing to grant a bill a rule bottled up measures which did not win the approval of its conservative majority.\" (J. Harvie Wilkinson, III, H arry Byrd and the Changing Face of Virginia Politics, 1945-1966 [Charlottesville, 1968], 71.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther research interests which may be studied in the collection, according to Mr. Robert Metzdorf, are: \"political history of Virginia, relations of the Virginia and Southern Democrats to the rest of the Democratic Party, labor unions and labor laws, lobbying, investigation of Un-Americian activities, alien registration, the Smith Act and subversion, history of the District of Columbia 1930-1966 [and legislation in Congress pertaining to it as Smith sat on the District Committee], conservation and water pollution, Selective Service and other war-time legislation, the Supreme Court and State's rights, memorials to Jefferson and Madison, the history of workmen's compensation, reappointment and the federal courts, civil rights, the Rules Committee and its role in the legislative process, the history of foreign aid, federal aid to education, the history of immigration, relation between the legislative and executive branches, the history of conservatism in the United States, 1930-1966.\" To these notes may be added the study of unique northern Virginia politics, patronage, and the continuing work of a Congressman in relation to his colleagues and in particular to his constituents. There does not appear to be much material in the collection which shows Smith's relation to Senator Harry Byrd in the political sense, although there is interesting correspondence. Naturally, the collection will be the basis for any biography of Judge Smith, an important historical task which, hopefully, will be undertaken soon. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehttps://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the files and working papers of Howard Worth Smith who represented Virginia in Congress for some thirty-five years as representative from the Eighth Congressional District. Included are correspondence received and carbon copies of replies, clippings, printed government and other publications, copies of printed bills, reports, press releases, speeches, notes, memoranda, financial records, tape and disc recordings, drawings, and other materials. The papers cover the years 1933 to 1966 when Smith retired from Congress.","The collection is now contained in 274 Hollinger storage boxes (ca. 5\"x15\"x10\"), one oversize box; additionally, there are eighteen looseleaf and scrapbooks, and forty-four architectural drawings. The collection fills approximately 150 shelf feet.","Smith's influence in Congress came chiefly from his early appointment to the Rules Committee. In 1955, he became its chairman, an exceedingly powerful position as the committee can determine the \"length and manner of debate\" on any measure moving from a committee to the floor of the House. \"Although it was initially designed as a traffic committee to ease and expedite the flow of legislation in the House, the Rules Committee by postponing or refusing to grant a bill a rule bottled up measures which did not win the approval of its conservative majority.\" (J. Harvie Wilkinson, III, H arry Byrd and the Changing Face of Virginia Politics, 1945-1966 [Charlottesville, 1968], 71.","Other research interests which may be studied in the collection, according to Mr. Robert Metzdorf, are: \"political history of Virginia, relations of the Virginia and Southern Democrats to the rest of the Democratic Party, labor unions and labor laws, lobbying, investigation of Un-Americian activities, alien registration, the Smith Act and subversion, history of the District of Columbia 1930-1966 [and legislation in Congress pertaining to it as Smith sat on the District Committee], conservation and water pollution, Selective Service and other war-time legislation, the Supreme Court and State's rights, memorials to Jefferson and Madison, the history of workmen's compensation, reappointment and the federal courts, civil rights, the Rules Committee and its role in the legislative process, the history of foreign aid, federal aid to education, the history of immigration, relation between the legislative and executive branches, the history of conservatism in the United States, 1930-1966.\" To these notes may be added the study of unique northern Virginia politics, patronage, and the continuing work of a Congressman in relation to his colleagues and in particular to his constituents. There does not appear to be much material in the collection which shows Smith's relation to Senator Harry Byrd in the political sense, although there is interesting correspondence. Naturally, the collection will be the basis for any biography of Judge Smith, an important historical task which, hopefully, will be undertaken soon.","https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ehttps://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Howard Worth Smith"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Howard Worth Smith"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":45,"online_item_count_is":44,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:38.700Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1591","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1591","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1591","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1591","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1591.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/192326","title_filing_ssi":"Smith, Howard W. Papers","title_ssm":["Howard W. Smith Papers"],"title_tesim":["Howard W. Smith Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1933-1966"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1933-1966"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1933/1966"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Howard W. Smith Papers, 1933/1966"],"text":["Howard W. Smith Papers, 1933/1966","MSS 8731","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1591","Democratic Party (Va.)","United States. Congress. House.","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Rules","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Labor laws and legislation United States","Virginia -- Politics and government","Civil rights -- United States","Conservatism -- United States","architectural drawings (visual works)","letters (correspondence)","reports","government records","federal government records","state government records","Resolutions (administrative records)","This collection is open for research.","Series I: Bills Introduced in Congress by Judge Smith Boxes 1-12 In general, this series comprises a chronological arrangement by Congress, and an alphabetical series of topics within each Congress. The folders usually contain a copy of the printed bill plus pertinent correspondence, notes, and other helpful material.","Series II: Miscellaneous Legislation Boxes 13-111 This series comprises a chronological series by Congress with an alphabetical arrangement of topics within each Congress. There is generally one folder for each topic, but occasionally there are more. The folders contain correspondence, notes, printed materials, copies of the printed bill, and anything Judge Smith or his staff found pertinent. When material identified as belonging to an earlier Congress appears under a later one, it has been left where it was found on the presumption that the legislation may have carried over or that it was placed there for good reason. Note especially the sub-series on Civil rights in boxes 100-111.","Series III: Miscellaneous Correspondence Boxes 112-187 Boxes 112-187\nAgain, the arrangement in this series is by Congress, and within the Congress, the arrangement is alphabetical. The series begins with the 84th Congress. The topics range from the Democratic National Committee to the Fish and Wildlife Service.","Series IV: Private Bills Boxes 188, 189 Bills introduced by Smith \"for the relief of\" constituents or other private individuals.","Series V: Speeches, Articles, Recordings, Etc. Boxes 190-193; [oversize box] This series contains offprints of articles by and about Smith, copies of the Congressional Record containing Smith's speeches in \"Congress, and other publications containing interviews with, or articles by Smith. Drafts and texts of speeches by Smith are found. The materials are arranged by Congress. There are a number of tape and disc recordings of speeches by Smith, or interviews of him.","Series VI: Campaign Record Boxes 194-210 In this series are found campaign literature, clippings, returns, correspondence with workers and supporters, lists of votes, expense accounts, research files on hi sopponents and their remarks, and folders on areas in Smith's district. Also present are folders on other Virginia elections, and some materials on national elections. The file is organized chronologically by the campaign beginnings with 1938, but materials are sparce until 1950.","Series VII: Endorsement and Patronage Correspondence Boxes 211-213 This correspondence is filed chronologically by the Congress, and alphabetically within the Congress, and covers the 83rd to 89th Congresses.","Series VIII: Correspondence re Petitions; Qualified Voters Boxes 214-217 Arranged by area within his district. Last two boxes contain mailing lists of qualified voters.","Series IX: National Labor Relations Board Files Boxes 219-229 An alphabetical file of materials generated by the Special Committee of the House headed by Smith which investigated the NLRB, 1939-1942. Three scrapbooks, listed at the end of the listings of boxes in this inventory, contain pertinent newspaper clippings and cartoons. For Smith's continuing interest in labor legislation, one should consult Series 1 and 2.","Series X: Strasbourg Conference Records Boxes 230, 231 Smith attended the conference held in Strasbourg in 1951 to discuss problems common to Europe and North America as a member of the U.S. delegation. most of the records in this series are printed reports and debates, but there are a few clippings and letters.","Series XI: Virginia Post Office Correspondence Boxes 232-254 This series contains an alphabetical arrangement by the name of the post office of correspondence concerning postmasterships, location of new post offices and the like. Much patronage material appears here.","Series XII: Service Academies Correspondence Boxes 255-264 A chronological series with folders for each academy for each year beginning with 1945, re appointments.","Series XIII: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Commission Records Boxes 265-270 This series contains, in no particular order, records of the work of the Commission appointed to determine a suitable memorial to Thomas Jefferson in Washington, D.C. There are minutes of the meetings of the commission, blue prints, correspondence, printed materials, etc. One should also note the existance of the architectural drawings submitted in competition for the design award. These are listed separately at the end of the listings of the contents of the boxes of the main collection.","Series XIV: Miscellaneous Files Boxes 271-274 Miscellaneous files, and clippings and articles about Smith.","Series XV: Scrapbooks This is a series of books, 1938-1966, filled with clippings about Smith and his career, organized chronologically, with some miscellaenous books at the end.","Series XVI: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Architectural Competition Drawings","Howard Worth Smith was born in Broad Run, Fauquier County, Virginia, on 2 February 1883. He attended the public schools there and was graduated from Bethel Military Academy, Warrenton, Va., in 1901. In 1903, he received his law degree from the University of Virginia, and entered the practice of law in Alexandria where he remained for the next eighteen years. He served as Commonwealth's attorney (1918-1922), judge of the corporation court (1922-1928), and judge of the 16th circuit court (1928-1930).","In 1931, he was elected to Congress from the Eighth Congressional District, and remained in office for thirty-five years. He served as chairman, Committee on Rules (Eighty-fourth through Eighty-ninth Congresses) and sponsor of the Smith Act of 1940. Smith was defeated for renomination in the Democratic primary in 1966.","Judge Smith resumed the practice of law in Alexandria, Va., where he died October 3, 1976. He was buried in Georgetown Cemetery, Broad Run, Va.","https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1","When Judge Smith was ready to leave his congressional offices, he called upon the National Archives and Records Service to clean out his files, and pack the materials; this is a service offered to Congressmen by NARS. NARS boxed up all the materials, and moved them across the Potomac to the Federal Records Center in Alexandria early in 1967.","Shortly thereafter, Judge Smith agreed to open his papers to the researchers of the Institute for Social Science Research, and the papers were moved a few blocks from the Federal Records Center to the third floor of Judge Smith's son's law office building where space was made available to the Institute.","The Institute staff worked through the material and removed from the boxes those papers which interested them particularly. These papers they placed in eight filing cabinets in the offices, and a card index file was prepared to assist in locating the materials. The remainder of the papers were kept in the NARS boxes and were stacked about the walls of the rooms. The collection was appraised at this time, and Mr. Robert Metzdorf's notes on the contents give a good summary of its research value.","It took the Institute fifteen or sixteen months to complete its work in the files. They made notes, and copied all materials which they found pertinent their research. By agreement with Judge Smith, the Institute has the right of prior publication of any material from the collection.","This finding aid was created for the purpose of access to Series XVI, and exists in addition to the the guide found at: https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;.","The papers have, in general, been kept in the order in which they were received from the Institute for Social Science Research. Because of the removal of a portion of the collection from the NARS boxes, it was not always possible for the Library staff to determine exactly what the original order of the collection had been. We have moved certain blocks of materials that seemed to belong together to create series within the collection, but very little moving of individual file folders has taken place. Thus, the researcher will find that there are minor inconsistencies in the chronological or alphabetical order in certain portions of the series.","The records/guides for this collection's original acquisition and other previous additions can be found in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Repositories of the Virginias (ARVAS) website.","For best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number.","This collection consists of the files and working papers of Howard Worth Smith who represented Virginia in Congress for some thirty-five years as representative from the Eighth Congressional District. Included are correspondence received and carbon copies of replies, clippings, printed government and other publications, copies of printed bills, reports, press releases, speeches, notes, memoranda, financial records, tape and disc recordings, drawings, and other materials. The papers cover the years 1933 to 1966 when Smith retired from Congress.","The collection is now contained in 274 Hollinger storage boxes (ca. 5\"x15\"x10\"), one oversize box; additionally, there are eighteen looseleaf and scrapbooks, and forty-four architectural drawings. The collection fills approximately 150 shelf feet.","Smith's influence in Congress came chiefly from his early appointment to the Rules Committee. In 1955, he became its chairman, an exceedingly powerful position as the committee can determine the \"length and manner of debate\" on any measure moving from a committee to the floor of the House. \"Although it was initially designed as a traffic committee to ease and expedite the flow of legislation in the House, the Rules Committee by postponing or refusing to grant a bill a rule bottled up measures which did not win the approval of its conservative majority.\" (J. Harvie Wilkinson, III, H arry Byrd and the Changing Face of Virginia Politics, 1945-1966 [Charlottesville, 1968], 71.","Other research interests which may be studied in the collection, according to Mr. Robert Metzdorf, are: \"political history of Virginia, relations of the Virginia and Southern Democrats to the rest of the Democratic Party, labor unions and labor laws, lobbying, investigation of Un-Americian activities, alien registration, the Smith Act and subversion, history of the District of Columbia 1930-1966 [and legislation in Congress pertaining to it as Smith sat on the District Committee], conservation and water pollution, Selective Service and other war-time legislation, the Supreme Court and State's rights, memorials to Jefferson and Madison, the history of workmen's compensation, reappointment and the federal courts, civil rights, the Rules Committee and its role in the legislative process, the history of foreign aid, federal aid to education, the history of immigration, relation between the legislative and executive branches, the history of conservatism in the United States, 1930-1966.\" To these notes may be added the study of unique northern Virginia politics, patronage, and the continuing work of a Congressman in relation to his colleagues and in particular to his constituents. There does not appear to be much material in the collection which shows Smith's relation to Senator Harry Byrd in the political sense, although there is interesting correspondence. Naturally, the collection will be the basis for any biography of Judge Smith, an important historical task which, hopefully, will be undertaken soon.","https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1","https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Howard Worth Smith","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Howard W. Smith Papers, 1933/1966"],"collection_ssim":["Howard W. Smith Papers, 1933/1966"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 8731","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1591"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 8731","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1591"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Howard Worth Smith"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Howard Worth Smith","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The papers were given to the University of Virginia Library on October 18, 1967 by Judge Smith."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Democratic Party (Va.)","United States. Congress. House.","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Rules","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Labor laws and legislation United States","Virginia -- Politics and government","Civil rights -- United States","Conservatism -- United States","architectural drawings (visual works)","letters (correspondence)","reports","government records","federal government records","state government records","Resolutions (administrative records)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Democratic Party (Va.)","United States. Congress. House.","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Rules","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Labor laws and legislation United States","Virginia -- Politics and government","Civil rights -- United States","Conservatism -- United States","architectural drawings (visual works)","letters (correspondence)","reports","government records","federal government records","state government records","Resolutions (administrative records)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["187 Cubic Feet"],"extent_tesim":["187 Cubic Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["architectural drawings (visual works)","letters (correspondence)","reports","government records","federal government records","state government records","Resolutions (administrative records)"],"date_range_isim":[1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Bills Introduced in Congress by Judge Smith Boxes 1-12 In general, this series comprises a chronological arrangement by Congress, and an alphabetical series of topics within each Congress. The folders usually contain a copy of the printed bill plus pertinent correspondence, notes, and other helpful material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Miscellaneous Legislation Boxes 13-111 This series comprises a chronological series by Congress with an alphabetical arrangement of topics within each Congress. There is generally one folder for each topic, but occasionally there are more. The folders contain correspondence, notes, printed materials, copies of the printed bill, and anything Judge Smith or his staff found pertinent. When material identified as belonging to an earlier Congress appears under a later one, it has been left where it was found on the presumption that the legislation may have carried over or that it was placed there for good reason. Note especially the sub-series on Civil rights in boxes 100-111.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Miscellaneous Correspondence Boxes 112-187 Boxes 112-187\nAgain, the arrangement in this series is by Congress, and within the Congress, the arrangement is alphabetical. The series begins with the 84th Congress. The topics range from the Democratic National Committee to the Fish and Wildlife Service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Private Bills Boxes 188, 189 Bills introduced by Smith \"for the relief of\" constituents or other private individuals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries V: Speeches, Articles, Recordings, Etc. Boxes 190-193; [oversize box] This series contains offprints of articles by and about Smith, copies of the Congressional Record containing Smith's speeches in \"Congress, and other publications containing interviews with, or articles by Smith. Drafts and texts of speeches by Smith are found. The materials are arranged by Congress. There are a number of tape and disc recordings of speeches by Smith, or interviews of him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: Campaign Record Boxes 194-210 In this series are found campaign literature, clippings, returns, correspondence with workers and supporters, lists of votes, expense accounts, research files on hi sopponents and their remarks, and folders on areas in Smith's district. Also present are folders on other Virginia elections, and some materials on national elections. The file is organized chronologically by the campaign beginnings with 1938, but materials are sparce until 1950.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII: Endorsement and Patronage Correspondence Boxes 211-213 This correspondence is filed chronologically by the Congress, and alphabetically within the Congress, and covers the 83rd to 89th Congresses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII: Correspondence re Petitions; Qualified Voters Boxes 214-217 Arranged by area within his district. Last two boxes contain mailing lists of qualified voters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IX: National Labor Relations Board Files Boxes 219-229 An alphabetical file of materials generated by the Special Committee of the House headed by Smith which investigated the NLRB, 1939-1942. Three scrapbooks, listed at the end of the listings of boxes in this inventory, contain pertinent newspaper clippings and cartoons. For Smith's continuing interest in labor legislation, one should consult Series 1 and 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries X: Strasbourg Conference Records Boxes 230, 231 Smith attended the conference held in Strasbourg in 1951 to discuss problems common to Europe and North America as a member of the U.S. delegation. most of the records in this series are printed reports and debates, but there are a few clippings and letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XI: Virginia Post Office Correspondence Boxes 232-254 This series contains an alphabetical arrangement by the name of the post office of correspondence concerning postmasterships, location of new post offices and the like. Much patronage material appears here.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XII: Service Academies Correspondence Boxes 255-264 A chronological series with folders for each academy for each year beginning with 1945, re appointments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XIII: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Commission Records Boxes 265-270 This series contains, in no particular order, records of the work of the Commission appointed to determine a suitable memorial to Thomas Jefferson in Washington, D.C. There are minutes of the meetings of the commission, blue prints, correspondence, printed materials, etc. One should also note the existance of the architectural drawings submitted in competition for the design award. These are listed separately at the end of the listings of the contents of the boxes of the main collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XIV: Miscellaneous Files Boxes 271-274 Miscellaneous files, and clippings and articles about Smith.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XV: Scrapbooks This is a series of books, 1938-1966, filled with clippings about Smith and his career, organized chronologically, with some miscellaenous books at the end.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XVI: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Architectural Competition Drawings \u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I: Bills Introduced in Congress by Judge Smith Boxes 1-12 In general, this series comprises a chronological arrangement by Congress, and an alphabetical series of topics within each Congress. The folders usually contain a copy of the printed bill plus pertinent correspondence, notes, and other helpful material.","Series II: Miscellaneous Legislation Boxes 13-111 This series comprises a chronological series by Congress with an alphabetical arrangement of topics within each Congress. There is generally one folder for each topic, but occasionally there are more. The folders contain correspondence, notes, printed materials, copies of the printed bill, and anything Judge Smith or his staff found pertinent. When material identified as belonging to an earlier Congress appears under a later one, it has been left where it was found on the presumption that the legislation may have carried over or that it was placed there for good reason. Note especially the sub-series on Civil rights in boxes 100-111.","Series III: Miscellaneous Correspondence Boxes 112-187 Boxes 112-187\nAgain, the arrangement in this series is by Congress, and within the Congress, the arrangement is alphabetical. The series begins with the 84th Congress. The topics range from the Democratic National Committee to the Fish and Wildlife Service.","Series IV: Private Bills Boxes 188, 189 Bills introduced by Smith \"for the relief of\" constituents or other private individuals.","Series V: Speeches, Articles, Recordings, Etc. Boxes 190-193; [oversize box] This series contains offprints of articles by and about Smith, copies of the Congressional Record containing Smith's speeches in \"Congress, and other publications containing interviews with, or articles by Smith. Drafts and texts of speeches by Smith are found. The materials are arranged by Congress. There are a number of tape and disc recordings of speeches by Smith, or interviews of him.","Series VI: Campaign Record Boxes 194-210 In this series are found campaign literature, clippings, returns, correspondence with workers and supporters, lists of votes, expense accounts, research files on hi sopponents and their remarks, and folders on areas in Smith's district. Also present are folders on other Virginia elections, and some materials on national elections. The file is organized chronologically by the campaign beginnings with 1938, but materials are sparce until 1950.","Series VII: Endorsement and Patronage Correspondence Boxes 211-213 This correspondence is filed chronologically by the Congress, and alphabetically within the Congress, and covers the 83rd to 89th Congresses.","Series VIII: Correspondence re Petitions; Qualified Voters Boxes 214-217 Arranged by area within his district. Last two boxes contain mailing lists of qualified voters.","Series IX: National Labor Relations Board Files Boxes 219-229 An alphabetical file of materials generated by the Special Committee of the House headed by Smith which investigated the NLRB, 1939-1942. Three scrapbooks, listed at the end of the listings of boxes in this inventory, contain pertinent newspaper clippings and cartoons. For Smith's continuing interest in labor legislation, one should consult Series 1 and 2.","Series X: Strasbourg Conference Records Boxes 230, 231 Smith attended the conference held in Strasbourg in 1951 to discuss problems common to Europe and North America as a member of the U.S. delegation. most of the records in this series are printed reports and debates, but there are a few clippings and letters.","Series XI: Virginia Post Office Correspondence Boxes 232-254 This series contains an alphabetical arrangement by the name of the post office of correspondence concerning postmasterships, location of new post offices and the like. Much patronage material appears here.","Series XII: Service Academies Correspondence Boxes 255-264 A chronological series with folders for each academy for each year beginning with 1945, re appointments.","Series XIII: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Commission Records Boxes 265-270 This series contains, in no particular order, records of the work of the Commission appointed to determine a suitable memorial to Thomas Jefferson in Washington, D.C. There are minutes of the meetings of the commission, blue prints, correspondence, printed materials, etc. One should also note the existance of the architectural drawings submitted in competition for the design award. These are listed separately at the end of the listings of the contents of the boxes of the main collection.","Series XIV: Miscellaneous Files Boxes 271-274 Miscellaneous files, and clippings and articles about Smith.","Series XV: Scrapbooks This is a series of books, 1938-1966, filled with clippings about Smith and his career, organized chronologically, with some miscellaenous books at the end.","Series XVI: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Architectural Competition Drawings"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHoward Worth Smith was born in Broad Run, Fauquier County, Virginia, on 2 February 1883. He attended the public schools there and was graduated from Bethel Military Academy, Warrenton, Va., in 1901. In 1903, he received his law degree from the University of Virginia, and entered the practice of law in Alexandria where he remained for the next eighteen years. He served as Commonwealth's attorney (1918-1922), judge of the corporation court (1922-1928), and judge of the 16th circuit court (1928-1930).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1931, he was elected to Congress from the Eighth Congressional District, and remained in office for thirty-five years. He served as chairman, Committee on Rules (Eighty-fourth through Eighty-ninth Congresses) and sponsor of the Smith Act of 1940. Smith was defeated for renomination in the Democratic primary in 1966.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudge Smith resumed the practice of law in Alexandria, Va., where he died October 3, 1976. He was buried in Georgetown Cemetery, Broad Run, Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nhttps://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Howard Worth Smith was born in Broad Run, Fauquier County, Virginia, on 2 February 1883. He attended the public schools there and was graduated from Bethel Military Academy, Warrenton, Va., in 1901. In 1903, he received his law degree from the University of Virginia, and entered the practice of law in Alexandria where he remained for the next eighteen years. He served as Commonwealth's attorney (1918-1922), judge of the corporation court (1922-1928), and judge of the 16th circuit court (1928-1930).","In 1931, he was elected to Congress from the Eighth Congressional District, and remained in office for thirty-five years. He served as chairman, Committee on Rules (Eighty-fourth through Eighty-ninth Congresses) and sponsor of the Smith Act of 1940. Smith was defeated for renomination in the Democratic primary in 1966.","Judge Smith resumed the practice of law in Alexandria, Va., where he died October 3, 1976. He was buried in Georgetown Cemetery, Broad Run, Va.","https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhen Judge Smith was ready to leave his congressional offices, he called upon the National Archives and Records Service to clean out his files, and pack the materials; this is a service offered to Congressmen by NARS. NARS boxed up all the materials, and moved them across the Potomac to the Federal Records Center in Alexandria early in 1967.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShortly thereafter, Judge Smith agreed to open his papers to the researchers of the Institute for Social Science Research, and the papers were moved a few blocks from the Federal Records Center to the third floor of Judge Smith's son's law office building where space was made available to the Institute.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Institute staff worked through the material and removed from the boxes those papers which interested them particularly. These papers they placed in eight filing cabinets in the offices, and a card index file was prepared to assist in locating the materials. The remainder of the papers were kept in the NARS boxes and were stacked about the walls of the rooms. The collection was appraised at this time, and Mr. Robert Metzdorf's notes on the contents give a good summary of its research value.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIt took the Institute fifteen or sixteen months to complete its work in the files. They made notes, and copied all materials which they found pertinent their research. By agreement with Judge Smith, the Institute has the right of prior publication of any material from the collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["When Judge Smith was ready to leave his congressional offices, he called upon the National Archives and Records Service to clean out his files, and pack the materials; this is a service offered to Congressmen by NARS. NARS boxed up all the materials, and moved them across the Potomac to the Federal Records Center in Alexandria early in 1967.","Shortly thereafter, Judge Smith agreed to open his papers to the researchers of the Institute for Social Science Research, and the papers were moved a few blocks from the Federal Records Center to the third floor of Judge Smith's son's law office building where space was made available to the Institute.","The Institute staff worked through the material and removed from the boxes those papers which interested them particularly. These papers they placed in eight filing cabinets in the offices, and a card index file was prepared to assist in locating the materials. The remainder of the papers were kept in the NARS boxes and were stacked about the walls of the rooms. The collection was appraised at this time, and Mr. Robert Metzdorf's notes on the contents give a good summary of its research value.","It took the Institute fifteen or sixteen months to complete its work in the files. They made notes, and copied all materials which they found pertinent their research. By agreement with Judge Smith, the Institute has the right of prior publication of any material from the collection."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ehttps://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1\u003c/p\u003e  "],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aids"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 8731, Howard W. Smith Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, Charlottesville, VA\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 8731, Howard W. Smith Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, Charlottesville, VA"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis finding aid was created for the purpose of access to Series XVI, and exists in addition to the the guide found at: https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers have, in general, been kept in the order in which they were received from the Institute for Social Science Research. Because of the removal of a portion of the collection from the NARS boxes, it was not always possible for the Library staff to determine exactly what the original order of the collection had been. We have moved certain blocks of materials that seemed to belong together to create series within the collection, but very little moving of individual file folders has taken place. Thus, the researcher will find that there are minor inconsistencies in the chronological or alphabetical order in certain portions of the series.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This finding aid was created for the purpose of access to Series XVI, and exists in addition to the the guide found at: https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;.","The papers have, in general, been kept in the order in which they were received from the Institute for Social Science Research. Because of the removal of a portion of the collection from the NARS boxes, it was not always possible for the Library staff to determine exactly what the original order of the collection had been. We have moved certain blocks of materials that seemed to belong together to create series within the collection, but very little moving of individual file folders has taken place. Thus, the researcher will find that there are minor inconsistencies in the chronological or alphabetical order in certain portions of the series."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records/guides for this collection's original acquisition and other previous additions can be found in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Repositories of the Virginias (ARVAS) website.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The records/guides for this collection's original acquisition and other previous additions can be found in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Repositories of the Virginias (ARVAS) website.","For best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the files and working papers of \u003cpersname\u003eHoward Worth Smith\u003c/persname\u003e who represented \u003cgeogname\u003eVirginia\u003c/geogname\u003e in Congress for some thirty-five years as representative from the Eighth Congressional District. Included are correspondence received and carbon copies of replies, clippings, printed government and other publications, copies of printed bills, reports, press releases, speeches, notes, memoranda, financial records, tape and disc recordings, drawings, and other materials. The papers cover the years \u003cdate\u003e1933\u003c/date\u003e to \u003cdate\u003e1966\u003c/date\u003e when Smith retired from Congress.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is now contained in 274 Hollinger storage boxes (ca. 5\"x15\"x10\"), one oversize box; additionally, there are eighteen looseleaf and scrapbooks, and forty-four architectural drawings. The collection fills approximately 150 shelf feet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmith's influence in Congress came chiefly from his early appointment to the Rules Committee. In \u003cdate\u003e1955\u003c/date\u003e, he became its chairman, an exceedingly powerful position as the committee can determine the \"length and manner of debate\" on any measure moving from a committee to the floor of the House. \"Although it was initially designed as a traffic committee to ease and expedite the flow of legislation in the House, the Rules Committee by postponing or refusing to grant a bill a rule bottled up measures which did not win the approval of its conservative majority.\" (J. Harvie Wilkinson, III, H arry Byrd and the Changing Face of Virginia Politics, 1945-1966 [Charlottesville, 1968], 71.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther research interests which may be studied in the collection, according to Mr. Robert Metzdorf, are: \"political history of Virginia, relations of the Virginia and Southern Democrats to the rest of the Democratic Party, labor unions and labor laws, lobbying, investigation of Un-Americian activities, alien registration, the Smith Act and subversion, history of the District of Columbia 1930-1966 [and legislation in Congress pertaining to it as Smith sat on the District Committee], conservation and water pollution, Selective Service and other war-time legislation, the Supreme Court and State's rights, memorials to Jefferson and Madison, the history of workmen's compensation, reappointment and the federal courts, civil rights, the Rules Committee and its role in the legislative process, the history of foreign aid, federal aid to education, the history of immigration, relation between the legislative and executive branches, the history of conservatism in the United States, 1930-1966.\" To these notes may be added the study of unique northern Virginia politics, patronage, and the continuing work of a Congressman in relation to his colleagues and in particular to his constituents. There does not appear to be much material in the collection which shows Smith's relation to Senator Harry Byrd in the political sense, although there is interesting correspondence. Naturally, the collection will be the basis for any biography of Judge Smith, an important historical task which, hopefully, will be undertaken soon. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehttps://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the files and working papers of Howard Worth Smith who represented Virginia in Congress for some thirty-five years as representative from the Eighth Congressional District. Included are correspondence received and carbon copies of replies, clippings, printed government and other publications, copies of printed bills, reports, press releases, speeches, notes, memoranda, financial records, tape and disc recordings, drawings, and other materials. The papers cover the years 1933 to 1966 when Smith retired from Congress.","The collection is now contained in 274 Hollinger storage boxes (ca. 5\"x15\"x10\"), one oversize box; additionally, there are eighteen looseleaf and scrapbooks, and forty-four architectural drawings. The collection fills approximately 150 shelf feet.","Smith's influence in Congress came chiefly from his early appointment to the Rules Committee. In 1955, he became its chairman, an exceedingly powerful position as the committee can determine the \"length and manner of debate\" on any measure moving from a committee to the floor of the House. \"Although it was initially designed as a traffic committee to ease and expedite the flow of legislation in the House, the Rules Committee by postponing or refusing to grant a bill a rule bottled up measures which did not win the approval of its conservative majority.\" (J. Harvie Wilkinson, III, H arry Byrd and the Changing Face of Virginia Politics, 1945-1966 [Charlottesville, 1968], 71.","Other research interests which may be studied in the collection, according to Mr. Robert Metzdorf, are: \"political history of Virginia, relations of the Virginia and Southern Democrats to the rest of the Democratic Party, labor unions and labor laws, lobbying, investigation of Un-Americian activities, alien registration, the Smith Act and subversion, history of the District of Columbia 1930-1966 [and legislation in Congress pertaining to it as Smith sat on the District Committee], conservation and water pollution, Selective Service and other war-time legislation, the Supreme Court and State's rights, memorials to Jefferson and Madison, the history of workmen's compensation, reappointment and the federal courts, civil rights, the Rules Committee and its role in the legislative process, the history of foreign aid, federal aid to education, the history of immigration, relation between the legislative and executive branches, the history of conservatism in the United States, 1930-1966.\" To these notes may be added the study of unique northern Virginia politics, patronage, and the continuing work of a Congressman in relation to his colleagues and in particular to his constituents. There does not appear to be much material in the collection which shows Smith's relation to Senator Harry Byrd in the political sense, although there is interesting correspondence. Naturally, the collection will be the basis for any biography of Judge Smith, an important historical task which, hopefully, will be undertaken soon.","https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ehttps://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Howard Worth Smith"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Howard Worth Smith"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":45,"online_item_count_is":44,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:38.700Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1591"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1436","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Thomas N. Gardner papers, 1966/2008","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1436#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Gardner, Thomas N.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1436#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the papers of Thomas Gardner, an alumnus of the University of Virginia, a leader in the Southern civil rights and national peace movements of the '60s and '70s, and Professor of Communication at Westfield State University. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1436#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1436","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1436","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1436","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1436","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1436.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/151161","title_filing_ssi":"Gardner, Thomas N. papers","title_ssm":["Thomas N. Gardner papers"],"title_tesim":["Thomas N. Gardner papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1966-2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c. 1966-2008"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1966/2008"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas N. Gardner papers, 1966/2008"],"text":["Thomas N. Gardner papers, 1966/2008","MSS 16732","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1436","Student activism","Civil rights -- Virginia","Civil rights -- United States","African Americans -- Civil rights","Labor unions -- United States","Labor laws and legislation -- United States","This collection is open for research. Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives, born digital files, etc.) and other media formats such as LPs, audiotapes, reel-to-reels, videotapes, films, CDs, and DVDs cannot be handled directly by patrons.","Please contact Special Collections via our online Reference Request form, https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request, to request access to these materials.","Please be aware that additional actions may be required to make these items available. Items will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before access can be made. Depending on the size of the request, it may take some time to make them available for use.","Thomas N. Gardner a University of Virginia alumnus, was active in the Southern Student Organizing Committee (SSOC) during his time as a student and served on the National Student Association's Southern Project in Atlanta. He continued his leadership role in the Southern Conference Education Fund (SCEF) and the Union of Concerned Scientists (USC). He was born in New Orleans in 1946, and grew up mainly in the South. He became involved in the student movement in 1964 during his first year at the University. From 1967-1969 he served as Chairman of the SSOC and steered the organization toward greater involvement against the Vietnam War (during a Summer Project organized out of Cambridge University). He finished his degree in Sociology and completed two master's degrees, one in journalism at the University of Georgia and the second at the Kennedy School of Government in 1985. He was an activist during the civil rights movement and was one of the brave protesters who was arrested during a peace movement in Florida. Since 2001, he has been associate professor of communication at Westfield State University. He was formerly managing director of the Media Education Foundation of Northampton, Massachussetts, public affairs officer for Harvard Divinity School, senior editor at the Harvard Institue for International Development, and director of communications for the Union of Concerned Scientists.","MSS 11192","This collection contains the papers of Thomas Gardner, an alumnus of the University of Virginia, a leader in the Southern civil rights and national peace movements of the '60s and '70s, and Professor of Communication at Westfield State University.","The collection documents Gardner's social and political activism and involvement with civil rights, labor, anti-war, and anti-prison movements through different organizations such as the Southern Conference Education Fund (SCEF), the Southern Student Organizing Committee (SSOC), and the Union for Concerned Scientists (USC).","The documents date from the 1960s-1980s and include materials such as the Virginia Weekly clippings and drafts, informational pamphlets, agendas, memos, notes (taken by Gardner about meetings, to-do lists, goals, and ideas), handbooks, prospectus, correspondence, pamphlets, reports, proposals, and invitations for meetings, to the causes of the different organizations Gardner served.","Mentioned are specific cases involving unfair treatment of African Americans by the police and justice department including Snake Jones of Charlottesville, Virginia in 1970 and the Thomas Wansley case (falsely charged with rape based on an incorrect eyewitness account) in Lynchburg, Virginia in 1963, which gained national attention and was overturned after Wansley served 5 years in prison.","There are also political newspapers including Right On, Black Community News Service of the Black Panther Party, The Call, The Red Worker of the Communist Party in Georgia, and The New South Student.","There is also more recent work with the Union of Concerned Scientists from the 1980s. The collection includes topics on nuclear weapons, the prison reform system, unions and worker movements, and strikes.","The collection also documents Gardner's work on an unpublished book about Edgar Daniel Nixon, a union leader who played a critical role in the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Included are interviews on audiocassettes, transcripts, photographs, correspondence, research, newspaper articles, and drafts of Gardner's unpublished book. The interviews with Nixon cover a variety of topics including the Bus Boycott, the Brotherhood, the NAACP, bombings at Montgomery, E.D. Nixon's early life and life as a porter, and his community work since 1957.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Gardner, Thomas N.","Nixon, Edgar Daniel","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas N. Gardner papers, 1966/2008"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas N. Gardner papers, 1966/2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16732","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1436"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16732","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1436"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Student activism"],"geogname_ssim":["Student activism"],"places_ssim":["Student activism"],"creator_ssm":["Gardner, Thomas N."],"creator_ssim":["Gardner, Thomas N."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gardner, Thomas N.","Nixon, Edgar Daniel"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Gardner, Thomas N.","Nixon, Edgar Daniel","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Thomas N. Gardner to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on March 10, 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil rights -- Virginia","Civil rights -- United States","African Americans -- Civil rights","Labor unions -- United States","Labor laws and legislation -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil rights -- Virginia","Civil rights -- United States","African Americans -- Civil rights","Labor unions -- United States","Labor laws and legislation -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["1.75 Cubic Feet 3 document boxes, 1 half legal document box","19 audiocassettes","32.00144 Gigabytes 1 floppy disk, 1 5 1/4 floppy disk, 1 USB flash drive"],"extent_tesim":["1.75 Cubic Feet 3 document boxes, 1 half legal document box","19 audiocassettes","32.00144 Gigabytes 1 floppy disk, 1 5 1/4 floppy disk, 1 USB flash drive"],"physfacet_tesim":["half legal box contains 19 audiocassette tapes and a handwritten guide to the tapes","No information could be removed from 5 1/4 floppy disk."],"date_range_isim":[1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives, born digital files, etc.) and other media formats such as LPs, audiotapes, reel-to-reels, videotapes, films, CDs, and DVDs cannot be handled directly by patrons. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease contact Special Collections via our online Reference Request form, https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request, to request access to these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease be aware that additional actions may be required to make these items available. Items will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before access can be made. Depending on the size of the request, it may take some time to make them available for use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives, born digital files, etc.) and other media formats such as LPs, audiotapes, reel-to-reels, videotapes, films, CDs, and DVDs cannot be handled directly by patrons.","Please contact Special Collections via our online Reference Request form, https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request, to request access to these materials.","Please be aware that additional actions may be required to make these items available. Items will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before access can be made. Depending on the size of the request, it may take some time to make them available for use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas N. Gardner a University of Virginia alumnus, was active in the Southern Student Organizing Committee (SSOC) during his time as a student and served on the National Student Association's Southern Project in Atlanta. He continued his leadership role in the Southern Conference Education Fund (SCEF) and the Union of Concerned Scientists (USC). He was born in New Orleans in 1946, and grew up mainly in the South. He became involved in the student movement in 1964 during his first year at the University. From 1967-1969 he served as Chairman of the SSOC and steered the organization toward greater involvement against the Vietnam War (during a Summer Project organized out of Cambridge University). He finished his degree in Sociology and completed two master's degrees, one in journalism at the University of Georgia and the second at the Kennedy School of Government in 1985. He was an activist during the civil rights movement and was one of the brave protesters who was arrested during a peace movement in Florida. Since 2001, he has been associate professor of communication at Westfield State University. He was formerly managing director of the Media Education Foundation of Northampton, Massachussetts, public affairs officer for Harvard Divinity School, senior editor at the Harvard Institue for International Development, and director of communications for the Union of Concerned Scientists.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Thomas N. Gardner a University of Virginia alumnus, was active in the Southern Student Organizing Committee (SSOC) during his time as a student and served on the National Student Association's Southern Project in Atlanta. He continued his leadership role in the Southern Conference Education Fund (SCEF) and the Union of Concerned Scientists (USC). He was born in New Orleans in 1946, and grew up mainly in the South. He became involved in the student movement in 1964 during his first year at the University. From 1967-1969 he served as Chairman of the SSOC and steered the organization toward greater involvement against the Vietnam War (during a Summer Project organized out of Cambridge University). He finished his degree in Sociology and completed two master's degrees, one in journalism at the University of Georgia and the second at the Kennedy School of Government in 1985. He was an activist during the civil rights movement and was one of the brave protesters who was arrested during a peace movement in Florida. Since 2001, he has been associate professor of communication at Westfield State University. He was formerly managing director of the Media Education Foundation of Northampton, Massachussetts, public affairs officer for Harvard Divinity School, senior editor at the Harvard Institue for International Development, and director of communications for the Union of Concerned Scientists."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16731, Thomas N. Gardner papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16731, Thomas N. 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Gardner papers"],"title_tesim":["Thomas N. Gardner papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1966-2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c. 1966-2008"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1966/2008"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas N. Gardner papers, 1966/2008"],"text":["Thomas N. Gardner papers, 1966/2008","MSS 16732","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1436","Student activism","Civil rights -- Virginia","Civil rights -- United States","African Americans -- Civil rights","Labor unions -- United States","Labor laws and legislation -- United States","This collection is open for research. Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives, born digital files, etc.) and other media formats such as LPs, audiotapes, reel-to-reels, videotapes, films, CDs, and DVDs cannot be handled directly by patrons.","Please contact Special Collections via our online Reference Request form, https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request, to request access to these materials.","Please be aware that additional actions may be required to make these items available. Items will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before access can be made. Depending on the size of the request, it may take some time to make them available for use.","Thomas N. Gardner a University of Virginia alumnus, was active in the Southern Student Organizing Committee (SSOC) during his time as a student and served on the National Student Association's Southern Project in Atlanta. He continued his leadership role in the Southern Conference Education Fund (SCEF) and the Union of Concerned Scientists (USC). He was born in New Orleans in 1946, and grew up mainly in the South. He became involved in the student movement in 1964 during his first year at the University. From 1967-1969 he served as Chairman of the SSOC and steered the organization toward greater involvement against the Vietnam War (during a Summer Project organized out of Cambridge University). He finished his degree in Sociology and completed two master's degrees, one in journalism at the University of Georgia and the second at the Kennedy School of Government in 1985. He was an activist during the civil rights movement and was one of the brave protesters who was arrested during a peace movement in Florida. Since 2001, he has been associate professor of communication at Westfield State University. 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Gardner to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on March 10, 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil rights -- Virginia","Civil rights -- United States","African Americans -- Civil rights","Labor unions -- United States","Labor laws and legislation -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil rights -- Virginia","Civil rights -- United States","African Americans -- Civil rights","Labor unions -- United States","Labor laws and legislation -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["1.75 Cubic Feet 3 document boxes, 1 half legal document box","19 audiocassettes","32.00144 Gigabytes 1 floppy disk, 1 5 1/4 floppy disk, 1 USB flash drive"],"extent_tesim":["1.75 Cubic Feet 3 document boxes, 1 half legal document box","19 audiocassettes","32.00144 Gigabytes 1 floppy disk, 1 5 1/4 floppy disk, 1 USB flash drive"],"physfacet_tesim":["half legal box contains 19 audiocassette tapes and a handwritten guide to the tapes","No information could be removed from 5 1/4 floppy disk."],"date_range_isim":[1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. 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Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives, born digital files, etc.) and other media formats such as LPs, audiotapes, reel-to-reels, videotapes, films, CDs, and DVDs cannot be handled directly by patrons.","Please contact Special Collections via our online Reference Request form, https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request, to request access to these materials.","Please be aware that additional actions may be required to make these items available. Items will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before access can be made. Depending on the size of the request, it may take some time to make them available for use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas N. Gardner a University of Virginia alumnus, was active in the Southern Student Organizing Committee (SSOC) during his time as a student and served on the National Student Association's Southern Project in Atlanta. 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From 1967-1969 he served as Chairman of the SSOC and steered the organization toward greater involvement against the Vietnam War (during a Summer Project organized out of Cambridge University). He finished his degree in Sociology and completed two master's degrees, one in journalism at the University of Georgia and the second at the Kennedy School of Government in 1985. He was an activist during the civil rights movement and was one of the brave protesters who was arrested during a peace movement in Florida. Since 2001, he has been associate professor of communication at Westfield State University. He was formerly managing director of the Media Education Foundation of Northampton, Massachussetts, public affairs officer for Harvard Divinity School, senior editor at the Harvard Institue for International Development, and director of communications for the Union of Concerned Scientists."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16731, Thomas N. 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