{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Civil+War\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1864\u0026page=30","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Civil+War\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1864\u0026page=29","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Civil+War\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1864\u0026page=31","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Civil+War\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1864\u0026page=32"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":30,"next_page":31,"prev_page":29,"total_pages":32,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":290,"total_count":320,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2983","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"U.S. v $28,000-Effects of R. E. Lee et al.  Case Files,","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2983#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains photocopies of affidavits, claims and answers, stipulations, and a bill for legal fees relating to \u003cem\u003eU.S. v $28,000-Effects of R. E. Lee et al.\u003c/em\u003e which dealt with the seizure of land from Confederate leaders.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2983#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2983","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2983","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2983","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2983","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2983.xml","title_ssm":["U.S. v $28,000-Effects of R. E. Lee et al.  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Much of Lee's land was confiscated during the war via court cases and libel suits, like  U.S. v $28,000-Effects of R. E. Lee et al.  Upon conclusion of the war, Lee became president of what is now Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Virginia, serving until his death in 1870.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the  U.S. v $28,000-Effects of R. E. Lee et al.  Case Files was completed in July 2015.","This collection consists of photocopies of legal documents filed in the case of  U.S. v $28,000-Effects of R. E. Lee et al.","Affidavits, 1866, contain photocopies of handwritten and sworn statements by John A. Spilman that Robert E. Lee and the other parties included in the case were officers in the Confederate Army and were engaged in hostile rebellion against the United States. ","Claims and Answers, 1863-1866, consists of photocopies of hand written claims by U.S. Attorneys L. Weldin and Seth E. Shuman for the confiscation of the libelants' property. 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Lee et al.\u003c/emph\u003e Case Files, Ms2015-033, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information:  U.S. v $28,000-Effects of R. E. Lee et al.  Case Files, Ms2015-033, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eU.S. v $28,000-Effects of R. E. Lee et al.\u003c/emph\u003e Case Files was completed in July 2015.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the  U.S. v $28,000-Effects of R. E. Lee et al.  Case Files was completed in July 2015."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of photocopies of legal documents filed in the case of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eU.S. v $28,000-Effects of R. E. 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Lee et al.\u003c/emph\u003e Case Files must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from  U.S. v $28,000-Effects of R. E. Lee et al.  Case Files must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_80aefa728b4f190d06af6e5a054e0409\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains photocopies of affidavits, claims and answers, stipulations, and a bill for legal fees relating to \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eU.S. v $28,000-Effects of R. E. Lee et al.\u003c/emph\u003e which dealt with the seizure of land from Confederate leaders.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains photocopies of affidavits, claims and answers, stipulations, and a bill for legal fees relating to  U.S. v $28,000-Effects of R. E. 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Much of Lee's land was confiscated during the war via court cases and libel suits, like  U.S. v $28,000-Effects of R. E. Lee et al.  Upon conclusion of the war, Lee became president of what is now Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Virginia, serving until his death in 1870.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the  U.S. v $28,000-Effects of R. E. Lee et al.  Case Files was completed in July 2015.","This collection consists of photocopies of legal documents filed in the case of  U.S. v $28,000-Effects of R. E. Lee et al.","Affidavits, 1866, contain photocopies of handwritten and sworn statements by John A. Spilman that Robert E. Lee and the other parties included in the case were officers in the Confederate Army and were engaged in hostile rebellion against the United States. ","Claims and Answers, 1863-1866, consists of photocopies of hand written claims by U.S. Attorneys L. Weldin and Seth E. Shuman for the confiscation of the libelants' property. Photocopies of answers by N. Bushnell, libelant defence attorney, counter the claims for seizure of his clients' property. ","Stipulations, 1866, include photocopies of agreements between the case attorneys, stating that each claimant to the case seeks no more than $250 and the libelants will not incur court costs if the case is ruled in favor for them. The stipulations are made in the names of Margaret E. Lee, as libelant, and R.E. Scott, S.G. Sherman, and W. McCoy as claimants to the case. ","Fee Bill, undated, shows a photocopy of a hand written bill for an unidentified lawyer's legal fees relating to work done on  U.S. v $28,000-Effects of R. E. Lee et al.","Permission to publish material from  U.S. v $28,000-Effects of R. E. Lee et al.  Case Files must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","This collection contains photocopies of affidavits, claims and answers, stipulations, and a bill for legal fees relating to  U.S. v $28,000-Effects of R. E. 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Lee was born January 19,1807, at Strafford Hall, Virginia. He served with distinction in the United States Army from 1829 till 1861, resigning his commission when his home state of Virginia seceded from the Union. After resigning, Lee was commissioned a General and Commander of the Army of Northern Virginia in the Confederate Army. An integral part of the Confederacy, he was later named General-in-Chief of the Confederate Army. Much of Lee's land was confiscated during the war via court cases and libel suits, like \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eU.S. v $28,000-Effects of R. E. Lee et al.\u003c/emph\u003e Upon conclusion of the war, Lee became president of what is now Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Virginia, serving until his death in 1870.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert E. Lee was born January 19,1807, at Strafford Hall, Virginia. He served with distinction in the United States Army from 1829 till 1861, resigning his commission when his home state of Virginia seceded from the Union. After resigning, Lee was commissioned a General and Commander of the Army of Northern Virginia in the Confederate Army. An integral part of the Confederacy, he was later named General-in-Chief of the Confederate Army. Much of Lee's land was confiscated during the war via court cases and libel suits, like  U.S. v $28,000-Effects of R. E. Lee et al.  Upon conclusion of the war, Lee became president of what is now Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Virginia, serving until his death in 1870."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eU.S. v $28,000-Effects of R. E. Lee et al.\u003c/emph\u003e Case Files, Ms2015-033, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information:  U.S. v $28,000-Effects of R. E. Lee et al.  Case Files, Ms2015-033, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eU.S. v $28,000-Effects of R. E. Lee et al.\u003c/emph\u003e Case Files was completed in July 2015.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the  U.S. v $28,000-Effects of R. E. Lee et al.  Case Files was completed in July 2015."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of photocopies of legal documents filed in the case of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eU.S. v $28,000-Effects of R. E. 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Scott, S.G. Sherman, and W. McCoy as claimants to the case. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFee Bill, undated, shows a photocopy of a hand written bill for an unidentified lawyer's legal fees relating to work done on \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eU.S. v $28,000-Effects of R. E. Lee et al.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of photocopies of legal documents filed in the case of  U.S. v $28,000-Effects of R. E. Lee et al.","Affidavits, 1866, contain photocopies of handwritten and sworn statements by John A. Spilman that Robert E. Lee and the other parties included in the case were officers in the Confederate Army and were engaged in hostile rebellion against the United States. ","Claims and Answers, 1863-1866, consists of photocopies of hand written claims by U.S. Attorneys L. Weldin and Seth E. Shuman for the confiscation of the libelants' property. Photocopies of answers by N. 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Lee et al.\u003c/emph\u003e Case Files must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from  U.S. v $28,000-Effects of R. E. Lee et al.  Case Files must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_80aefa728b4f190d06af6e5a054e0409\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains photocopies of affidavits, claims and answers, stipulations, and a bill for legal fees relating to \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eU.S. v $28,000-Effects of R. E. Lee et al.\u003c/emph\u003e which dealt with the seizure of land from Confederate leaders.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains photocopies of affidavits, claims and answers, stipulations, and a bill for legal fees relating to  U.S. v $28,000-Effects of R. E. Lee et al.  which dealt with the seizure of land from Confederate leaders."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870"],"persname_ssim":["Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:46:03.292Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2983"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4106","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Virginia Elections Collection","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4106#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Virginia Elections Collection contains United States polls and ballots collected from Amelia County, Virginia, from 1804, 1808, and 1865. Some of the material pertains to election polls in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. One of these is the ballot for an amendment to the Virginia Constitution, allowing former Confederate government officials to serve in the Virginia government.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4106#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4106","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4106","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4106","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4106","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4106.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Virginia Elections Collection","title_ssm":["Virginia Elections Collection"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Elections Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1804, 1808, 1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1804, 1808, 1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2023.060"],"text":["Ms.2023.060","Virginia Elections Collection","Civil War","Elections -- Virginia","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History","The collection is open for research.","Amelia County, Virginia, is named for Princess Amelia of Great Britain. Founded in 1735, the county was cut from Prince George and Brunswick Counties, and parts of Amelia were used to create Prince Edward and Nottoway Counties. ","External source:","\"About Amelia County,\" Amelia County Chamber of Commerce,  https://www.ameliachamber.org/discover/ , accessed March 14, 2024.","The guide to the Virginia Elections Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Elections Collection was completed in June 2023.","The Virginia Elections Collection contains United States polls and ballots collected from Amelia County, Virginia, from 1804, 1808, and 1865. Some of the material pertains to election polls in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. One of these is the ballot for an amendment to the Virginia Constitution, allowing former Confederate government officials to serve in the Virginia government.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Virginia Elections Collection contains United States polls and ballots collected from Amelia County, Virginia, from 1804, 1808, and 1865. Some of the material pertains to election polls in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. One of these is the ballot for an amendment to the Virginia Constitution, allowing former Confederate government officials to serve in the Virginia government.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Confederate States of America. Army","Virginia. General Assembly","The material in this collection is in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2023.060"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Elections Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Elections Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Elections Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Virginia Elections Collection were purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in August 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","Elections -- Virginia","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","Elections -- Virginia","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 oversized folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 oversized folder"],"date_range_isim":[1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAmelia County, Virginia, is named for Princess Amelia of Great Britain. Founded in 1735, the county was cut from Prince George and Brunswick Counties, and parts of Amelia were used to create Prince Edward and Nottoway Counties. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExternal source:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"About Amelia County,\" Amelia County Chamber of Commerce, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ameliachamber.org/discover/\"\u003ehttps://www.ameliachamber.org/discover/\u003c/a\u003e, accessed March 14, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Amelia County, Virginia, is named for Princess Amelia of Great Britain. Founded in 1735, the county was cut from Prince George and Brunswick Counties, and parts of Amelia were used to create Prince Edward and Nottoway Counties. ","External source:","\"About Amelia County,\" Amelia County Chamber of Commerce,  https://www.ameliachamber.org/discover/ , accessed March 14, 2024."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Virginia Elections Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Virginia Elections Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Elections Materials, 1804, 1808, 1865, Ms2023-060, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Elections Materials, 1804, 1808, 1865, Ms2023-060, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Elections Collection was completed in June 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Elections Collection was completed in June 2023."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Elections Collection contains United States polls and ballots collected from Amelia County, Virginia, from 1804, 1808, and 1865. Some of the material pertains to election polls in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. One of these is the ballot for an amendment to the Virginia Constitution, allowing former Confederate government officials to serve in the Virginia government.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Virginia Elections Collection contains United States polls and ballots collected from Amelia County, Virginia, from 1804, 1808, and 1865. Some of the material pertains to election polls in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. One of these is the ballot for an amendment to the Virginia Constitution, allowing former Confederate government officials to serve in the Virginia government."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_95e627f92d48b34e8dd259ce1bca5f90\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Virginia Elections Collection contains United States polls and ballots collected from Amelia County, Virginia, from 1804, 1808, and 1865. Some of the material pertains to election polls in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. One of these is the ballot for an amendment to the Virginia Constitution, allowing former Confederate government officials to serve in the Virginia government.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Virginia Elections Collection contains United States polls and ballots collected from Amelia County, Virginia, from 1804, 1808, and 1865. Some of the material pertains to election polls in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. One of these is the ballot for an amendment to the Virginia Constitution, allowing former Confederate government officials to serve in the Virginia government."],"names_coll_ssim":["Confederate States of America. Army","Virginia. General Assembly"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Confederate States of America. Army","Virginia. General Assembly"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Confederate States of America. Army","Virginia. General Assembly"],"language_ssim":["The material in this collection is in English."],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:30:54.624Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4106","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4106","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4106","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4106","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4106.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Virginia Elections Collection","title_ssm":["Virginia Elections Collection"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Elections Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1804, 1808, 1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1804, 1808, 1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2023.060"],"text":["Ms.2023.060","Virginia Elections Collection","Civil War","Elections -- Virginia","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History","The collection is open for research.","Amelia County, Virginia, is named for Princess Amelia of Great Britain. Founded in 1735, the county was cut from Prince George and Brunswick Counties, and parts of Amelia were used to create Prince Edward and Nottoway Counties. ","External source:","\"About Amelia County,\" Amelia County Chamber of Commerce,  https://www.ameliachamber.org/discover/ , accessed March 14, 2024.","The guide to the Virginia Elections Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Elections Collection was completed in June 2023.","The Virginia Elections Collection contains United States polls and ballots collected from Amelia County, Virginia, from 1804, 1808, and 1865. Some of the material pertains to election polls in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. One of these is the ballot for an amendment to the Virginia Constitution, allowing former Confederate government officials to serve in the Virginia government.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Virginia Elections Collection contains United States polls and ballots collected from Amelia County, Virginia, from 1804, 1808, and 1865. Some of the material pertains to election polls in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. One of these is the ballot for an amendment to the Virginia Constitution, allowing former Confederate government officials to serve in the Virginia government.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Confederate States of America. Army","Virginia. General Assembly","The material in this collection is in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2023.060"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Elections Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Elections Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Elections Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Virginia Elections Collection were purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in August 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","Elections -- Virginia","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","Elections -- Virginia","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 oversized folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 oversized folder"],"date_range_isim":[1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAmelia County, Virginia, is named for Princess Amelia of Great Britain. Founded in 1735, the county was cut from Prince George and Brunswick Counties, and parts of Amelia were used to create Prince Edward and Nottoway Counties. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExternal source:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"About Amelia County,\" Amelia County Chamber of Commerce, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ameliachamber.org/discover/\"\u003ehttps://www.ameliachamber.org/discover/\u003c/a\u003e, accessed March 14, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Amelia County, Virginia, is named for Princess Amelia of Great Britain. Founded in 1735, the county was cut from Prince George and Brunswick Counties, and parts of Amelia were used to create Prince Edward and Nottoway Counties. ","External source:","\"About Amelia County,\" Amelia County Chamber of Commerce,  https://www.ameliachamber.org/discover/ , accessed March 14, 2024."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Virginia Elections Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Virginia Elections Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Elections Materials, 1804, 1808, 1865, Ms2023-060, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Elections Materials, 1804, 1808, 1865, Ms2023-060, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Elections Collection was completed in June 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Elections Collection was completed in June 2023."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Elections Collection contains United States polls and ballots collected from Amelia County, Virginia, from 1804, 1808, and 1865. Some of the material pertains to election polls in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. One of these is the ballot for an amendment to the Virginia Constitution, allowing former Confederate government officials to serve in the Virginia government.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Virginia Elections Collection contains United States polls and ballots collected from Amelia County, Virginia, from 1804, 1808, and 1865. Some of the material pertains to election polls in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. One of these is the ballot for an amendment to the Virginia Constitution, allowing former Confederate government officials to serve in the Virginia government."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_95e627f92d48b34e8dd259ce1bca5f90\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Virginia Elections Collection contains United States polls and ballots collected from Amelia County, Virginia, from 1804, 1808, and 1865. Some of the material pertains to election polls in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. One of these is the ballot for an amendment to the Virginia Constitution, allowing former Confederate government officials to serve in the Virginia government.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Virginia Elections Collection contains United States polls and ballots collected from Amelia County, Virginia, from 1804, 1808, and 1865. Some of the material pertains to election polls in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. One of these is the ballot for an amendment to the Virginia Constitution, allowing former Confederate government officials to serve in the Virginia government."],"names_coll_ssim":["Confederate States of America. Army","Virginia. General Assembly"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Confederate States of America. Army","Virginia. General Assembly"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Confederate States of America. Army","Virginia. General Assembly"],"language_ssim":["The material in this collection is in English."],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:30:54.624Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4106"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2331","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Warren French Copybook","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2331#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"French, Warren H., c.1822-1879","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2331#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection contains the Copybook of Captain Warren French of Company A, 42nd Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, containing records of the company and regiment during the American Civil War.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2331#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2331","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2331","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2331","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2331","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2331.xml","title_filing_ssi":"French, Warren, Copybook","title_ssm":["Warren French Copybook"],"title_tesim":["Warren French Copybook"],"unitdate_ssm":["1864-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1864-1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2008.009"],"text":["Ms.2008.009","Warren French Copybook","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","The collection is open for research.","Warren French, a Boston carpenter and stair builder, was born at New Sharon, Maine, ca. 1822. He joined the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts on April 25, 1851 and was honorably discharged from the company on May 11, 1857. ","French joined the 11th Massachusetts Independent Battery as a captain in August 1862 during the American Civil War. In November, the unit was assigned to defend Washington, and it remained in northern Virginia until returning to Boston, where it mustered out on May 11, 1863. French joined Company A of the 42nd Massachusetts Volunteer Militia (100 days men) as its captain on July 14, 1864. Following his Civil War service, he rejoined the Artillery Company on May 15, 1865 and was again honorably discharged on May 13, 1867. Warren French died on May 19, 1879. ","The 42nd Massachusetts Volunteer Militia was organized at Reedville, Massachusetts. Company A seems to have been organized around a unit known as the Franklin Light Battery of Boston. The regiment was mustered into United States service in July 1864, and was assigned to guard duty at Washington D.C. where it was largely responsible for maintaining security of the trains transporting supplies between Washington and the Shenandoah Valley. The regiment was mustered out of service on November 11, 1864. ","The guide to the Warren French Copybook by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Warren French Copybook commenced and was completed in March 2008.","This collection contains a copybook maintained by Warren French, captain of Company A, 42nd Massachusetts Volunteer Militia during the American Civil War. Within the book, French made copies of muster rolls; clothing, ordnance and equipage reports; special and general orders; and memoranda pertaining to the 42nd during its 100 days' service of garrison duty in the Washington, D. C. area. Accompanying the copy book are photographs of French and a floral memorial.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains the Copybook of Captain Warren French of Company A, 42nd Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, containing records of the company and regiment during the American Civil War.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","French, Warren H., c.1822-1879","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2008.009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Warren French Copybook"],"collection_title_tesim":["Warren French Copybook"],"collection_ssim":["Warren French Copybook"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["French, Warren H., c.1822-1879"],"creator_ssim":["French, Warren H., c.1822-1879"],"creator_persname_ssim":["French, Warren H., c.1822-1879"],"creators_ssim":["French, Warren H., c.1822-1879"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Warren French Copybook was purchased by Special Collections in 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1864,1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWarren French, a Boston carpenter and stair builder, was born at New Sharon, Maine, ca. 1822. He joined the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts on April 25, 1851 and was honorably discharged from the company on May 11, 1857. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrench joined the 11th Massachusetts Independent Battery as a captain in August 1862 during the American Civil War. In November, the unit was assigned to defend Washington, and it remained in northern Virginia until returning to Boston, where it mustered out on May 11, 1863. French joined Company A of the 42nd Massachusetts Volunteer Militia (100 days men) as its captain on July 14, 1864. Following his Civil War service, he rejoined the Artillery Company on May 15, 1865 and was again honorably discharged on May 13, 1867. Warren French died on May 19, 1879. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe 42nd Massachusetts Volunteer Militia was organized at Reedville, Massachusetts. Company A seems to have been organized around a unit known as the Franklin Light Battery of Boston. The regiment was mustered into United States service in July 1864, and was assigned to guard duty at Washington D.C. where it was largely responsible for maintaining security of the trains transporting supplies between Washington and the Shenandoah Valley. The regiment was mustered out of service on November 11, 1864. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Warren French, a Boston carpenter and stair builder, was born at New Sharon, Maine, ca. 1822. He joined the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts on April 25, 1851 and was honorably discharged from the company on May 11, 1857. ","French joined the 11th Massachusetts Independent Battery as a captain in August 1862 during the American Civil War. In November, the unit was assigned to defend Washington, and it remained in northern Virginia until returning to Boston, where it mustered out on May 11, 1863. French joined Company A of the 42nd Massachusetts Volunteer Militia (100 days men) as its captain on July 14, 1864. Following his Civil War service, he rejoined the Artillery Company on May 15, 1865 and was again honorably discharged on May 13, 1867. Warren French died on May 19, 1879. ","The 42nd Massachusetts Volunteer Militia was organized at Reedville, Massachusetts. Company A seems to have been organized around a unit known as the Franklin Light Battery of Boston. The regiment was mustered into United States service in July 1864, and was assigned to guard duty at Washington D.C. where it was largely responsible for maintaining security of the trains transporting supplies between Washington and the Shenandoah Valley. The regiment was mustered out of service on November 11, 1864. "],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Warren French Copybook by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Warren French Copybook by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Warren French Copybook, Ms2008-009, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Warren French Copybook, Ms2008-009, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Warren French Copybook commenced and was completed in March 2008.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Warren French Copybook commenced and was completed in March 2008."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a copybook maintained by Warren French, captain of Company A, 42nd Massachusetts Volunteer Militia during the American Civil War. Within the book, French made copies of muster rolls; clothing, ordnance and equipage reports; special and general orders; and memoranda pertaining to the 42nd during its 100 days' service of garrison duty in the Washington, D. C. area. Accompanying the copy book are photographs of French and a floral memorial.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a copybook maintained by Warren French, captain of Company A, 42nd Massachusetts Volunteer Militia during the American Civil War. Within the book, French made copies of muster rolls; clothing, ordnance and equipage reports; special and general orders; and memoranda pertaining to the 42nd during its 100 days' service of garrison duty in the Washington, D. C. area. Accompanying the copy book are photographs of French and a floral memorial."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d1e5affdd11f2921a993f9b4c3522bba\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains the Copybook of Captain Warren French of Company A, 42nd Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, containing records of the company and regiment during the American Civil War.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains the Copybook of Captain Warren French of Company A, 42nd Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, containing records of the company and regiment during the American Civil War."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","French, Warren H., c.1822-1879"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["French, Warren H., c.1822-1879"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:34:05.252Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2331","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2331","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2331","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2331","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2331.xml","title_filing_ssi":"French, Warren, Copybook","title_ssm":["Warren French Copybook"],"title_tesim":["Warren French Copybook"],"unitdate_ssm":["1864-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1864-1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2008.009"],"text":["Ms.2008.009","Warren French Copybook","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","The collection is open for research.","Warren French, a Boston carpenter and stair builder, was born at New Sharon, Maine, ca. 1822. He joined the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts on April 25, 1851 and was honorably discharged from the company on May 11, 1857. ","French joined the 11th Massachusetts Independent Battery as a captain in August 1862 during the American Civil War. In November, the unit was assigned to defend Washington, and it remained in northern Virginia until returning to Boston, where it mustered out on May 11, 1863. French joined Company A of the 42nd Massachusetts Volunteer Militia (100 days men) as its captain on July 14, 1864. Following his Civil War service, he rejoined the Artillery Company on May 15, 1865 and was again honorably discharged on May 13, 1867. Warren French died on May 19, 1879. ","The 42nd Massachusetts Volunteer Militia was organized at Reedville, Massachusetts. Company A seems to have been organized around a unit known as the Franklin Light Battery of Boston. The regiment was mustered into United States service in July 1864, and was assigned to guard duty at Washington D.C. where it was largely responsible for maintaining security of the trains transporting supplies between Washington and the Shenandoah Valley. The regiment was mustered out of service on November 11, 1864. ","The guide to the Warren French Copybook by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Warren French Copybook commenced and was completed in March 2008.","This collection contains a copybook maintained by Warren French, captain of Company A, 42nd Massachusetts Volunteer Militia during the American Civil War. Within the book, French made copies of muster rolls; clothing, ordnance and equipage reports; special and general orders; and memoranda pertaining to the 42nd during its 100 days' service of garrison duty in the Washington, D. C. area. Accompanying the copy book are photographs of French and a floral memorial.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains the Copybook of Captain Warren French of Company A, 42nd Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, containing records of the company and regiment during the American Civil War.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","French, Warren H., c.1822-1879","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2008.009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Warren French Copybook"],"collection_title_tesim":["Warren French Copybook"],"collection_ssim":["Warren French Copybook"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["French, Warren H., c.1822-1879"],"creator_ssim":["French, Warren H., c.1822-1879"],"creator_persname_ssim":["French, Warren H., c.1822-1879"],"creators_ssim":["French, Warren H., c.1822-1879"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Warren French Copybook was purchased by Special Collections in 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1864,1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWarren French, a Boston carpenter and stair builder, was born at New Sharon, Maine, ca. 1822. He joined the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts on April 25, 1851 and was honorably discharged from the company on May 11, 1857. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrench joined the 11th Massachusetts Independent Battery as a captain in August 1862 during the American Civil War. In November, the unit was assigned to defend Washington, and it remained in northern Virginia until returning to Boston, where it mustered out on May 11, 1863. French joined Company A of the 42nd Massachusetts Volunteer Militia (100 days men) as its captain on July 14, 1864. Following his Civil War service, he rejoined the Artillery Company on May 15, 1865 and was again honorably discharged on May 13, 1867. Warren French died on May 19, 1879. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe 42nd Massachusetts Volunteer Militia was organized at Reedville, Massachusetts. Company A seems to have been organized around a unit known as the Franklin Light Battery of Boston. The regiment was mustered into United States service in July 1864, and was assigned to guard duty at Washington D.C. where it was largely responsible for maintaining security of the trains transporting supplies between Washington and the Shenandoah Valley. The regiment was mustered out of service on November 11, 1864. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Warren French, a Boston carpenter and stair builder, was born at New Sharon, Maine, ca. 1822. He joined the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts on April 25, 1851 and was honorably discharged from the company on May 11, 1857. ","French joined the 11th Massachusetts Independent Battery as a captain in August 1862 during the American Civil War. In November, the unit was assigned to defend Washington, and it remained in northern Virginia until returning to Boston, where it mustered out on May 11, 1863. French joined Company A of the 42nd Massachusetts Volunteer Militia (100 days men) as its captain on July 14, 1864. Following his Civil War service, he rejoined the Artillery Company on May 15, 1865 and was again honorably discharged on May 13, 1867. Warren French died on May 19, 1879. ","The 42nd Massachusetts Volunteer Militia was organized at Reedville, Massachusetts. Company A seems to have been organized around a unit known as the Franklin Light Battery of Boston. The regiment was mustered into United States service in July 1864, and was assigned to guard duty at Washington D.C. where it was largely responsible for maintaining security of the trains transporting supplies between Washington and the Shenandoah Valley. The regiment was mustered out of service on November 11, 1864. "],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Warren French Copybook by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Warren French Copybook by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Warren French Copybook, Ms2008-009, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Warren French Copybook, Ms2008-009, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Warren French Copybook commenced and was completed in March 2008.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Warren French Copybook commenced and was completed in March 2008."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a copybook maintained by Warren French, captain of Company A, 42nd Massachusetts Volunteer Militia during the American Civil War. Within the book, French made copies of muster rolls; clothing, ordnance and equipage reports; special and general orders; and memoranda pertaining to the 42nd during its 100 days' service of garrison duty in the Washington, D. C. area. Accompanying the copy book are photographs of French and a floral memorial.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a copybook maintained by Warren French, captain of Company A, 42nd Massachusetts Volunteer Militia during the American Civil War. Within the book, French made copies of muster rolls; clothing, ordnance and equipage reports; special and general orders; and memoranda pertaining to the 42nd during its 100 days' service of garrison duty in the Washington, D. C. area. Accompanying the copy book are photographs of French and a floral memorial."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d1e5affdd11f2921a993f9b4c3522bba\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains the Copybook of Captain Warren French of Company A, 42nd Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, containing records of the company and regiment during the American Civil War.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains the Copybook of Captain Warren French of Company A, 42nd Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, containing records of the company and regiment during the American Civil War."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","French, Warren H., c.1822-1879"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["French, Warren H., c.1822-1879"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:34:05.252Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2331"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1638","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Washington Brown Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1638#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Brown, Washington","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1638#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Washington Brown Papers contains letters and other papers associated with Washington Brown, captain in the 145th Pennsylvania Infantry who died of wounds received at the Battle of Fredericksburg during the American Civil War. Includes manuscript copy of a memoir of Brown and correspondence between Brown and his family in Erie, Pennsylvania. Also includes letters between Brown's father, Conrad Brown, and members of the 145th Pennsylvania following Washington Brown's death, and a manuscript copy of Brown's last words. ","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1638#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1638","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1638","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1638","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1638","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1638.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Brown, Washington, Papers","title_ssm":["Washington Brown Papers"],"title_tesim":["Washington Brown Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1869"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1869"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1989.011"],"text":["Ms.1989.011","Washington Brown Papers","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","The collection is open to research.","Washington Brown, son of Conrad and Elizabeth Ann Brown, was born in Erie County, Pennsylvania on October 22, 1836. He attended Erie Academy and took a course in a New York City commercial college. He worked as a farmer and taught school for one winter term while serving in the Wayne Guards, a local militia. In August 1862, Brown recruited and organized a company of volunteers which would be mustered in as Company I, 145th Pennsylvania Infantry on September 3, with Brown elected company captain. A week later, Brown married Eliza Alexander (ca.1837-1879?) in Girard (Erie County). On December 13, at the Battle of Fredericksburg, Brown was wounded in the right arm and shoulder. His arm was amputated, and Brown died on December 25. He was buried in Erie Cemetery. The 1870 census shows Eliza A. Brown, 33, living in the Girard home of William and Margaret Culbertson. Also in the household is seven-year-old Katie E. Brown.","The guide to the Washington Brown Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing and description of the Washington Brown Papers commenced and was completed in January 2022.","This collection contains correspondence and other papers associated with Washington Brown, captain in the 145th Pennsylvania Infantry, who died of wounds received at the Battle of Fredericksburg. Among the correspondence in the collection are four letters from Brown to family members, including a copy of a letter written to his wife on the morning of the battle in which Brown would be fatally wounded;  three letters from Brown's parents (Conrad and Elizabeth Brown) and a letter from Conrad Brown to his wife, written from the hospital in which his son was recovering; letters from Ed L. Taylor, Lt. James H. Hamlin, George Coleman, and Conrad Brown regarding the personal effects of Washington Brown; and a letter from John C. Sennett and George Royer of Company I convalescing in the post hospital near Alexandria. The collection also includes an invoice for the use of a hearse from C. W. Stuart of Erie; a copy of the last words of Washington Brown; and a \"personal memoir\" containing brief biographical information on Washington Brown.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Washington Brown Papers contains letters and other papers associated with Washington Brown, captain in the 145th Pennsylvania Infantry who died of wounds received at the Battle of Fredericksburg during the American Civil War. Includes manuscript copy of a memoir of Brown and correspondence between Brown and his family in Erie, Pennsylvania. Also includes letters between Brown's father, Conrad Brown, and members of the 145th Pennsylvania following Washington Brown's death, and a manuscript copy of Brown's last words. ","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Brown, Washington","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1989.011"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Washington Brown Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Washington Brown Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Washington Brown Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Brown, Washington"],"creator_ssim":["Brown, Washington"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Brown, Washington"],"creators_ssim":["Brown, Washington"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Washington Brown Papers were purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 1989."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWashington Brown, son of Conrad and Elizabeth Ann Brown, was born in Erie County, Pennsylvania on October 22, 1836. He attended Erie Academy and took a course in a New York City commercial college. He worked as a farmer and taught school for one winter term while serving in the Wayne Guards, a local militia. In August 1862, Brown recruited and organized a company of volunteers which would be mustered in as Company I, 145th Pennsylvania Infantry on September 3, with Brown elected company captain. A week later, Brown married Eliza Alexander (ca.1837-1879?) in Girard (Erie County). On December 13, at the Battle of Fredericksburg, Brown was wounded in the right arm and shoulder. His arm was amputated, and Brown died on December 25. He was buried in Erie Cemetery. The 1870 census shows Eliza A. Brown, 33, living in the Girard home of William and Margaret Culbertson. Also in the household is seven-year-old Katie E. Brown.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Washington Brown, son of Conrad and Elizabeth Ann Brown, was born in Erie County, Pennsylvania on October 22, 1836. He attended Erie Academy and took a course in a New York City commercial college. He worked as a farmer and taught school for one winter term while serving in the Wayne Guards, a local militia. In August 1862, Brown recruited and organized a company of volunteers which would be mustered in as Company I, 145th Pennsylvania Infantry on September 3, with Brown elected company captain. A week later, Brown married Eliza Alexander (ca.1837-1879?) in Girard (Erie County). On December 13, at the Battle of Fredericksburg, Brown was wounded in the right arm and shoulder. His arm was amputated, and Brown died on December 25. He was buried in Erie Cemetery. The 1870 census shows Eliza A. Brown, 33, living in the Girard home of William and Margaret Culbertson. Also in the household is seven-year-old Katie E. Brown."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Washington Brown Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Washington Brown Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Washington Brown Papers, Ms1989-011, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Washington Brown Papers, Ms1989-011, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and description of the Washington Brown Papers commenced and was completed in January 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and description of the Washington Brown Papers commenced and was completed in January 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains correspondence and other papers associated with Washington Brown, captain in the 145th Pennsylvania Infantry, who died of wounds received at the Battle of Fredericksburg. Among the correspondence in the collection are four letters from Brown to family members, including a copy of a letter written to his wife on the morning of the battle in which Brown would be fatally wounded;  three letters from Brown's parents (Conrad and Elizabeth Brown) and a letter from Conrad Brown to his wife, written from the hospital in which his son was recovering; letters from Ed L. Taylor, Lt. James H. Hamlin, George Coleman, and Conrad Brown regarding the personal effects of Washington Brown; and a letter from John C. Sennett and George Royer of Company I convalescing in the post hospital near Alexandria. The collection also includes an invoice for the use of a hearse from C. W. Stuart of Erie; a copy of the last words of Washington Brown; and a \"personal memoir\" containing brief biographical information on Washington Brown.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains correspondence and other papers associated with Washington Brown, captain in the 145th Pennsylvania Infantry, who died of wounds received at the Battle of Fredericksburg. Among the correspondence in the collection are four letters from Brown to family members, including a copy of a letter written to his wife on the morning of the battle in which Brown would be fatally wounded;  three letters from Brown's parents (Conrad and Elizabeth Brown) and a letter from Conrad Brown to his wife, written from the hospital in which his son was recovering; letters from Ed L. Taylor, Lt. James H. Hamlin, George Coleman, and Conrad Brown regarding the personal effects of Washington Brown; and a letter from John C. Sennett and George Royer of Company I convalescing in the post hospital near Alexandria. The collection also includes an invoice for the use of a hearse from C. W. Stuart of Erie; a copy of the last words of Washington Brown; and a \"personal memoir\" containing brief biographical information on Washington Brown."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8fb39357ce682143ddccacbcc97db359\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Washington Brown Papers contains letters and other papers associated with Washington Brown, captain in the 145th Pennsylvania Infantry who died of wounds received at the Battle of Fredericksburg during the American Civil War. Includes manuscript copy of a memoir of Brown and correspondence between Brown and his family in Erie, Pennsylvania. Also includes letters between Brown's father, Conrad Brown, and members of the 145th Pennsylvania following Washington Brown's death, and a manuscript copy of Brown's last words. \u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Washington Brown Papers contains letters and other papers associated with Washington Brown, captain in the 145th Pennsylvania Infantry who died of wounds received at the Battle of Fredericksburg during the American Civil War. Includes manuscript copy of a memoir of Brown and correspondence between Brown and his family in Erie, Pennsylvania. Also includes letters between Brown's father, Conrad Brown, and members of the 145th Pennsylvania following Washington Brown's death, and a manuscript copy of Brown's last words. "],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Brown, Washington"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Brown, Washington"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":21,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:44:41.366Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1638","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1638","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1638","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1638","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1638.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Brown, Washington, Papers","title_ssm":["Washington Brown Papers"],"title_tesim":["Washington Brown Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1869"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1869"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1989.011"],"text":["Ms.1989.011","Washington Brown Papers","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","The collection is open to research.","Washington Brown, son of Conrad and Elizabeth Ann Brown, was born in Erie County, Pennsylvania on October 22, 1836. He attended Erie Academy and took a course in a New York City commercial college. He worked as a farmer and taught school for one winter term while serving in the Wayne Guards, a local militia. In August 1862, Brown recruited and organized a company of volunteers which would be mustered in as Company I, 145th Pennsylvania Infantry on September 3, with Brown elected company captain. A week later, Brown married Eliza Alexander (ca.1837-1879?) in Girard (Erie County). On December 13, at the Battle of Fredericksburg, Brown was wounded in the right arm and shoulder. His arm was amputated, and Brown died on December 25. He was buried in Erie Cemetery. The 1870 census shows Eliza A. Brown, 33, living in the Girard home of William and Margaret Culbertson. Also in the household is seven-year-old Katie E. Brown.","The guide to the Washington Brown Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing and description of the Washington Brown Papers commenced and was completed in January 2022.","This collection contains correspondence and other papers associated with Washington Brown, captain in the 145th Pennsylvania Infantry, who died of wounds received at the Battle of Fredericksburg. Among the correspondence in the collection are four letters from Brown to family members, including a copy of a letter written to his wife on the morning of the battle in which Brown would be fatally wounded;  three letters from Brown's parents (Conrad and Elizabeth Brown) and a letter from Conrad Brown to his wife, written from the hospital in which his son was recovering; letters from Ed L. Taylor, Lt. James H. Hamlin, George Coleman, and Conrad Brown regarding the personal effects of Washington Brown; and a letter from John C. Sennett and George Royer of Company I convalescing in the post hospital near Alexandria. The collection also includes an invoice for the use of a hearse from C. W. Stuart of Erie; a copy of the last words of Washington Brown; and a \"personal memoir\" containing brief biographical information on Washington Brown.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Washington Brown Papers contains letters and other papers associated with Washington Brown, captain in the 145th Pennsylvania Infantry who died of wounds received at the Battle of Fredericksburg during the American Civil War. Includes manuscript copy of a memoir of Brown and correspondence between Brown and his family in Erie, Pennsylvania. Also includes letters between Brown's father, Conrad Brown, and members of the 145th Pennsylvania following Washington Brown's death, and a manuscript copy of Brown's last words. ","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Brown, Washington","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1989.011"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Washington Brown Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Washington Brown Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Washington Brown Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Brown, Washington"],"creator_ssim":["Brown, Washington"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Brown, Washington"],"creators_ssim":["Brown, Washington"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Washington Brown Papers were purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 1989."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWashington Brown, son of Conrad and Elizabeth Ann Brown, was born in Erie County, Pennsylvania on October 22, 1836. He attended Erie Academy and took a course in a New York City commercial college. He worked as a farmer and taught school for one winter term while serving in the Wayne Guards, a local militia. In August 1862, Brown recruited and organized a company of volunteers which would be mustered in as Company I, 145th Pennsylvania Infantry on September 3, with Brown elected company captain. A week later, Brown married Eliza Alexander (ca.1837-1879?) in Girard (Erie County). On December 13, at the Battle of Fredericksburg, Brown was wounded in the right arm and shoulder. His arm was amputated, and Brown died on December 25. He was buried in Erie Cemetery. The 1870 census shows Eliza A. Brown, 33, living in the Girard home of William and Margaret Culbertson. Also in the household is seven-year-old Katie E. Brown.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Washington Brown, son of Conrad and Elizabeth Ann Brown, was born in Erie County, Pennsylvania on October 22, 1836. He attended Erie Academy and took a course in a New York City commercial college. He worked as a farmer and taught school for one winter term while serving in the Wayne Guards, a local militia. In August 1862, Brown recruited and organized a company of volunteers which would be mustered in as Company I, 145th Pennsylvania Infantry on September 3, with Brown elected company captain. A week later, Brown married Eliza Alexander (ca.1837-1879?) in Girard (Erie County). On December 13, at the Battle of Fredericksburg, Brown was wounded in the right arm and shoulder. His arm was amputated, and Brown died on December 25. He was buried in Erie Cemetery. The 1870 census shows Eliza A. Brown, 33, living in the Girard home of William and Margaret Culbertson. Also in the household is seven-year-old Katie E. Brown."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Washington Brown Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Washington Brown Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Washington Brown Papers, Ms1989-011, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Washington Brown Papers, Ms1989-011, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and description of the Washington Brown Papers commenced and was completed in January 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and description of the Washington Brown Papers commenced and was completed in January 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains correspondence and other papers associated with Washington Brown, captain in the 145th Pennsylvania Infantry, who died of wounds received at the Battle of Fredericksburg. Among the correspondence in the collection are four letters from Brown to family members, including a copy of a letter written to his wife on the morning of the battle in which Brown would be fatally wounded;  three letters from Brown's parents (Conrad and Elizabeth Brown) and a letter from Conrad Brown to his wife, written from the hospital in which his son was recovering; letters from Ed L. Taylor, Lt. James H. Hamlin, George Coleman, and Conrad Brown regarding the personal effects of Washington Brown; and a letter from John C. Sennett and George Royer of Company I convalescing in the post hospital near Alexandria. The collection also includes an invoice for the use of a hearse from C. W. Stuart of Erie; a copy of the last words of Washington Brown; and a \"personal memoir\" containing brief biographical information on Washington Brown.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains correspondence and other papers associated with Washington Brown, captain in the 145th Pennsylvania Infantry, who died of wounds received at the Battle of Fredericksburg. Among the correspondence in the collection are four letters from Brown to family members, including a copy of a letter written to his wife on the morning of the battle in which Brown would be fatally wounded;  three letters from Brown's parents (Conrad and Elizabeth Brown) and a letter from Conrad Brown to his wife, written from the hospital in which his son was recovering; letters from Ed L. Taylor, Lt. James H. Hamlin, George Coleman, and Conrad Brown regarding the personal effects of Washington Brown; and a letter from John C. Sennett and George Royer of Company I convalescing in the post hospital near Alexandria. The collection also includes an invoice for the use of a hearse from C. W. Stuart of Erie; a copy of the last words of Washington Brown; and a \"personal memoir\" containing brief biographical information on Washington Brown."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8fb39357ce682143ddccacbcc97db359\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Washington Brown Papers contains letters and other papers associated with Washington Brown, captain in the 145th Pennsylvania Infantry who died of wounds received at the Battle of Fredericksburg during the American Civil War. Includes manuscript copy of a memoir of Brown and correspondence between Brown and his family in Erie, Pennsylvania. Also includes letters between Brown's father, Conrad Brown, and members of the 145th Pennsylvania following Washington Brown's death, and a manuscript copy of Brown's last words. \u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Washington Brown Papers contains letters and other papers associated with Washington Brown, captain in the 145th Pennsylvania Infantry who died of wounds received at the Battle of Fredericksburg during the American Civil War. Includes manuscript copy of a memoir of Brown and correspondence between Brown and his family in Erie, Pennsylvania. Also includes letters between Brown's father, Conrad Brown, and members of the 145th Pennsylvania following Washington Brown's death, and a manuscript copy of Brown's last words. "],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Brown, Washington"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Brown, Washington"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":21,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:44:41.366Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1638"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3244","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3244#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Curd, W. E.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3244#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection contains three short letters from W. E. Curd to Captain Isaac Shelby written from Jefferston, Virginia, between November 27-December 1, 1864.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3244#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3244","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3244","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3244","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3244","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3244.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Curd, W. E. Correspondence to Isaac Shelby","title_ssm":["W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby"],"title_tesim":["W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby"],"unitdate_ssm":["1864"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1864"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2017.050"],"text":["Ms.2017.050","W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby","Culpeper County (Va.)","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence","The collection is open for research.","The letters do not provide much information, but Shelby is likely Captain Isaac Shelby, Chief Commissary of Subsistence, a member of General John Echols staff in the Department of Southwest Virginia and East Tennessee.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby was completed in October 2017.","The collection contains three short letters from W. E. Curd to Captain Isaac Shelby written from Jefferston, Virginia, between November 27-December 1, 1864. Curd was headed for Logan Court House in West Virginia, apparently to purchase cattle, likely for military use. The letters detail a series of delays resulting from the absence from home of needed parties, issues with letters of introduction, methods of payment (greenbacks vs. gold), and in his last note, becuase \"Coln Harrison got on a  big drunk .\"","Transcript (recieved with the letters) available.","Permission to publish material from W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","The collection contains three short letters from W. E. Curd to Captain Isaac Shelby written from Jefferston, Virginia, between November 27-December 1, 1864.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Curd, W. E.","Shelby, Isaac","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2017.050"],"normalized_title_ssm":["W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby"],"collection_title_tesim":["W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby"],"collection_ssim":["W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Culpeper County (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Culpeper County (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Curd, W. E."],"creator_ssim":["Curd, W. E."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Curd, W. E."],"creators_ssim":["Curd, W. E."],"places_ssim":["Culpeper County (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby was purchased by Special Collections in August 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1864],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe letters do not provide much information, but Shelby is likely Captain Isaac Shelby, Chief Commissary of Subsistence, a member of General John Echols staff in the Department of Southwest Virginia and East Tennessee.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The letters do not provide much information, but Shelby is likely Captain Isaac Shelby, Chief Commissary of Subsistence, a member of General John Echols staff in the Department of Southwest Virginia and East Tennessee."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby, Ms2017-050, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby, Ms2017-050, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby was completed in October 2017.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby was completed in October 2017."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains three short letters from W. E. Curd to Captain Isaac Shelby written from Jefferston, Virginia, between November 27-December 1, 1864. Curd was headed for Logan Court House in West Virginia, apparently to purchase cattle, likely for military use. The letters detail a series of delays resulting from the absence from home of needed parties, issues with letters of introduction, methods of payment (greenbacks vs. gold), and in his last note, becuase \"Coln Harrison got on a \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003ebig drunk\u003c/emph\u003e.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTranscript (recieved with the letters) available.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains three short letters from W. E. Curd to Captain Isaac Shelby written from Jefferston, Virginia, between November 27-December 1, 1864. Curd was headed for Logan Court House in West Virginia, apparently to purchase cattle, likely for military use. The letters detail a series of delays resulting from the absence from home of needed parties, issues with letters of introduction, methods of payment (greenbacks vs. gold), and in his last note, becuase \"Coln Harrison got on a  big drunk .\"","Transcript (recieved with the letters) available."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_fd5b1c629c3f8117d3af4d4941bfa110\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains three short letters from W. E. Curd to Captain Isaac Shelby written from Jefferston, Virginia, between November 27-December 1, 1864.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains three short letters from W. E. Curd to Captain Isaac Shelby written from Jefferston, Virginia, between November 27-December 1, 1864."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Curd, W. E.","Shelby, Isaac"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Shelby, Isaac"],"persname_ssim":["Curd, W. E.","Shelby, Isaac"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:37:20.031Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3244","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3244","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3244","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3244","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3244.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Curd, W. E. Correspondence to Isaac Shelby","title_ssm":["W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby"],"title_tesim":["W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby"],"unitdate_ssm":["1864"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1864"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2017.050"],"text":["Ms.2017.050","W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby","Culpeper County (Va.)","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence","The collection is open for research.","The letters do not provide much information, but Shelby is likely Captain Isaac Shelby, Chief Commissary of Subsistence, a member of General John Echols staff in the Department of Southwest Virginia and East Tennessee.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby was completed in October 2017.","The collection contains three short letters from W. E. Curd to Captain Isaac Shelby written from Jefferston, Virginia, between November 27-December 1, 1864. Curd was headed for Logan Court House in West Virginia, apparently to purchase cattle, likely for military use. The letters detail a series of delays resulting from the absence from home of needed parties, issues with letters of introduction, methods of payment (greenbacks vs. gold), and in his last note, becuase \"Coln Harrison got on a  big drunk .\"","Transcript (recieved with the letters) available.","Permission to publish material from W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","The collection contains three short letters from W. E. Curd to Captain Isaac Shelby written from Jefferston, Virginia, between November 27-December 1, 1864.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Curd, W. E.","Shelby, Isaac","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2017.050"],"normalized_title_ssm":["W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby"],"collection_title_tesim":["W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby"],"collection_ssim":["W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Culpeper County (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Culpeper County (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Curd, W. E."],"creator_ssim":["Curd, W. E."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Curd, W. E."],"creators_ssim":["Curd, W. E."],"places_ssim":["Culpeper County (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby was purchased by Special Collections in August 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1864],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe letters do not provide much information, but Shelby is likely Captain Isaac Shelby, Chief Commissary of Subsistence, a member of General John Echols staff in the Department of Southwest Virginia and East Tennessee.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The letters do not provide much information, but Shelby is likely Captain Isaac Shelby, Chief Commissary of Subsistence, a member of General John Echols staff in the Department of Southwest Virginia and East Tennessee."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby, Ms2017-050, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby, Ms2017-050, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby was completed in October 2017.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby was completed in October 2017."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains three short letters from W. E. Curd to Captain Isaac Shelby written from Jefferston, Virginia, between November 27-December 1, 1864. Curd was headed for Logan Court House in West Virginia, apparently to purchase cattle, likely for military use. The letters detail a series of delays resulting from the absence from home of needed parties, issues with letters of introduction, methods of payment (greenbacks vs. gold), and in his last note, becuase \"Coln Harrison got on a \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003ebig drunk\u003c/emph\u003e.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTranscript (recieved with the letters) available.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains three short letters from W. E. Curd to Captain Isaac Shelby written from Jefferston, Virginia, between November 27-December 1, 1864. Curd was headed for Logan Court House in West Virginia, apparently to purchase cattle, likely for military use. The letters detail a series of delays resulting from the absence from home of needed parties, issues with letters of introduction, methods of payment (greenbacks vs. gold), and in his last note, becuase \"Coln Harrison got on a  big drunk .\"","Transcript (recieved with the letters) available."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from W. E. Curd Correspondence to Isaac Shelby must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_fd5b1c629c3f8117d3af4d4941bfa110\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains three short letters from W. E. Curd to Captain Isaac Shelby written from Jefferston, Virginia, between November 27-December 1, 1864.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains three short letters from W. E. Curd to Captain Isaac Shelby written from Jefferston, Virginia, between November 27-December 1, 1864."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Curd, W. E.","Shelby, Isaac"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Shelby, Isaac"],"persname_ssim":["Curd, W. E.","Shelby, Isaac"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:37:20.031Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3244"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1916","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Wilhelm Jacob Steubing Correspondence","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1916#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Steubing, Wilhelm Jacob","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1916#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Six wartime letters exchanged between Wilhelm Jacob Steubing, a Confederate soldier in Company B, 26th Texas Cavalry and his wife Nancy J. Steubing, at home in Hopkinsville (Gonzales County), Texas, relating to movements of Wilhelm's regiment near the Texas coast and to Nancy's concerns at home, together with a single pre-war letter from N. A. Hopkins of Raleigh (Smith County), Mississippi.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1916#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1916","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1916","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1916","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1916","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1916.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Steubing, Wilhelm Jacob Correspondence","title_ssm":["Wilhelm Jacob Steubing Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Wilhelm Jacob Steubing Correspondence"],"unitdate_ssm":["1859-1864"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1859-1864"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1992.042"],"text":["Ms.1992.042","Wilhelm Jacob Steubing Correspondence","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Civil War","The collection is open to research.","Wilhelm Jacob Steubing, son of William J. and Anna Catherine Schaefer, was born in Prussia on November 9, 1832, and immigrated to Texas with his parents in 1845. He married Nancy Judson Hopkins (1841-1932) in Gonzales County on September 15, 1858; the couple had 16 children. On July 1, 1862, Steubing (as Jacob Steubing) enlisted as a private in Company B, 26th Texas Cavalry. Company muster rolls show him present for duty through February 1864. (No later muster rolls are on file.) The Steubings appear in the 1870 census as residents of Gonzales Texas, with \"William\" described as a 38-year-old blacksmith and Nancy, 29, as a housekeeper. William J. Steubing died in Gonzales County on May 3, 1898, and was buried in Waelder Cemetery.","The guide to the Wilhelm Jacob Steubing Correspondence by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing and description of the Wilhelm Jacob Steubing Correspondence commenced and was completed in October, 2023.","This collection consists of six wartime letters exchanged between Wilhelm Jacob Steubing, a private in Company B, 26th Texas Cavalry and his wife Nancy J. Steubing at the family home in Hopkinsville, Texas, during the American Civil War. ","Wilhelm Steubing's first letter, written from Sabine Pass (Jefferson County), Texas, on April 29, 1863, notes that the \"Yankeys\" have taken Alexandria and expresses doubt that the Confederates can stop Union forces from taking Austin, while providing a description of the opposing forces. On June 30, 1863, Wilhelm writes from Galveston, conveying war news from Vicksburg and Pennsylvania. On November 14, 1863, Nancy Steubeing writes of having heard that Wilhelm's regiment had been sent to Louisiana and that Brownsville, Texas had been taken by Union forces and conveys hope that Wilhelm will be sent to Brownsville and have an opportunity to stop at home. The following day, Wilhelm again writes from Galveston that his regiment will soon depart for Harrisburg \"to avoid the Yankeys landing on our coast\" and that his and other regiments will be formed into a cavalry brigade. He adds that he is sending Nancy two vials of laudenum and gives her instructions for buying whiskey. On December 8, 1863, Wilhelm writes from a camp 10 miles south of Brazoria, Texas, that the regiment had arrived there hungry after a forced march, while he worked with the quartermaster to haul stores to camp from Barnard Station. He again writes from near Brazoria on December 20, briefly describing camp: \"there is ten Devitions of the Army here and we are all in a pile.\" On February 14, 1864, Nancy writes from Hopkinsville, informing Wilhelm of the illnesses of herself and several family members, concluding, \"i believe they have got the flux.\" She then expresses concern that her father will be conscripted: \"i recon you no they are making evry efforte to get evry man in the army i donte no how soon Pa will hav to go and if he has to go what will become of me and the children, for you no he has taken care of us evry since you have bin in the servise ... i think evry man that carse any thing for his people will go home when they drag out the olde men who are trying to take care of those who are neearest and dearest.\"","Also included is an 1859 letter from N. A. Hopkins of Raleigh (Smith County), Texas, addressed to Nancy Steubing. Hopkins shares general news and compares the men of her neighborhood to those of Steubing's: \"[Y]ou sedd for me to come out thar and you wold show me some of the prettest yong men in the universe but you cant do that for thar is some her as pretty as can be. ... I am sure if you had of come out her and seed our yong Gents be fore you marred I am sure you wold never marred one of the dutch.\" The collection also includes three envelopes addressed to the Steubings.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Six wartime letters exchanged between Wilhelm Jacob Steubing, a Confederate soldier in Company B, 26th Texas Cavalry and his wife Nancy J. Steubing, at home in Hopkinsville (Gonzales County), Texas, relating to movements of Wilhelm's regiment near the Texas coast and to Nancy's concerns at home, together with a single pre-war letter from N. A. Hopkins of Raleigh (Smith County), Mississippi.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Steubing, Wilhelm Jacob","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1992.042"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wilhelm Jacob Steubing Correspondence"],"collection_title_tesim":["Wilhelm Jacob Steubing Correspondence"],"collection_ssim":["Wilhelm Jacob Steubing Correspondence"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Steubing, Wilhelm Jacob"],"creator_ssim":["Steubing, Wilhelm Jacob"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Steubing, Wilhelm Jacob"],"creators_ssim":["Steubing, Wilhelm Jacob"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Wilhelm Jacob Steubing Correspondence was donated to Special Collections and University Archives in 1992."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Civil War"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Civil War"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilhelm Jacob Steubing, son of William J. and Anna Catherine Schaefer, was born in Prussia on November 9, 1832, and immigrated to Texas with his parents in 1845. He married Nancy Judson Hopkins (1841-1932) in Gonzales County on September 15, 1858; the couple had 16 children. On July 1, 1862, Steubing (as Jacob Steubing) enlisted as a private in Company B, 26th Texas Cavalry. Company muster rolls show him present for duty through February 1864. (No later muster rolls are on file.) The Steubings appear in the 1870 census as residents of Gonzales Texas, with \"William\" described as a 38-year-old blacksmith and Nancy, 29, as a housekeeper. William J. Steubing died in Gonzales County on May 3, 1898, and was buried in Waelder Cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Wilhelm Jacob Steubing, son of William J. and Anna Catherine Schaefer, was born in Prussia on November 9, 1832, and immigrated to Texas with his parents in 1845. He married Nancy Judson Hopkins (1841-1932) in Gonzales County on September 15, 1858; the couple had 16 children. On July 1, 1862, Steubing (as Jacob Steubing) enlisted as a private in Company B, 26th Texas Cavalry. Company muster rolls show him present for duty through February 1864. (No later muster rolls are on file.) The Steubings appear in the 1870 census as residents of Gonzales Texas, with \"William\" described as a 38-year-old blacksmith and Nancy, 29, as a housekeeper. William J. Steubing died in Gonzales County on May 3, 1898, and was buried in Waelder Cemetery."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Wilhelm Jacob Steubing Correspondence by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Wilhelm Jacob Steubing Correspondence by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Wilhelm Jacob Steubing Correspondence, Ms1992-042, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Wilhelm Jacob Steubing Correspondence, Ms1992-042, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and description of the Wilhelm Jacob Steubing Correspondence commenced and was completed in October, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and description of the Wilhelm Jacob Steubing Correspondence commenced and was completed in October, 2023."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of six wartime letters exchanged between Wilhelm Jacob Steubing, a private in Company B, 26th Texas Cavalry and his wife Nancy J. Steubing at the family home in Hopkinsville, Texas, during the American Civil War. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilhelm Steubing's first letter, written from Sabine Pass (Jefferson County), Texas, on April 29, 1863, notes that the \"Yankeys\" have taken Alexandria and expresses doubt that the Confederates can stop Union forces from taking Austin, while providing a description of the opposing forces. On June 30, 1863, Wilhelm writes from Galveston, conveying war news from Vicksburg and Pennsylvania. On November 14, 1863, Nancy Steubeing writes of having heard that Wilhelm's regiment had been sent to Louisiana and that Brownsville, Texas had been taken by Union forces and conveys hope that Wilhelm will be sent to Brownsville and have an opportunity to stop at home. The following day, Wilhelm again writes from Galveston that his regiment will soon depart for Harrisburg \"to avoid the Yankeys landing on our coast\" and that his and other regiments will be formed into a cavalry brigade. He adds that he is sending Nancy two vials of laudenum and gives her instructions for buying whiskey. On December 8, 1863, Wilhelm writes from a camp 10 miles south of Brazoria, Texas, that the regiment had arrived there hungry after a forced march, while he worked with the quartermaster to haul stores to camp from Barnard Station. He again writes from near Brazoria on December 20, briefly describing camp: \"there is ten Devitions of the Army here and we are all in a pile.\" On February 14, 1864, Nancy writes from Hopkinsville, informing Wilhelm of the illnesses of herself and several family members, concluding, \"i believe they have got the flux.\" She then expresses concern that her father will be conscripted: \"i recon you no they are making evry efforte to get evry man in the army i donte no how soon Pa will hav to go and if he has to go what will become of me and the children, for you no he has taken care of us evry since you have bin in the servise ... i think evry man that carse any thing for his people will go home when they drag out the olde men who are trying to take care of those who are neearest and dearest.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso included is an 1859 letter from N. A. Hopkins of Raleigh (Smith County), Texas, addressed to Nancy Steubing. Hopkins shares general news and compares the men of her neighborhood to those of Steubing's: \"[Y]ou sedd for me to come out thar and you wold show me some of the prettest yong men in the universe but you cant do that for thar is some her as pretty as can be. ... I am sure if you had of come out her and seed our yong Gents be fore you marred I am sure you wold never marred one of the dutch.\" The collection also includes three envelopes addressed to the Steubings.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of six wartime letters exchanged between Wilhelm Jacob Steubing, a private in Company B, 26th Texas Cavalry and his wife Nancy J. Steubing at the family home in Hopkinsville, Texas, during the American Civil War. ","Wilhelm Steubing's first letter, written from Sabine Pass (Jefferson County), Texas, on April 29, 1863, notes that the \"Yankeys\" have taken Alexandria and expresses doubt that the Confederates can stop Union forces from taking Austin, while providing a description of the opposing forces. On June 30, 1863, Wilhelm writes from Galveston, conveying war news from Vicksburg and Pennsylvania. On November 14, 1863, Nancy Steubeing writes of having heard that Wilhelm's regiment had been sent to Louisiana and that Brownsville, Texas had been taken by Union forces and conveys hope that Wilhelm will be sent to Brownsville and have an opportunity to stop at home. The following day, Wilhelm again writes from Galveston that his regiment will soon depart for Harrisburg \"to avoid the Yankeys landing on our coast\" and that his and other regiments will be formed into a cavalry brigade. He adds that he is sending Nancy two vials of laudenum and gives her instructions for buying whiskey. On December 8, 1863, Wilhelm writes from a camp 10 miles south of Brazoria, Texas, that the regiment had arrived there hungry after a forced march, while he worked with the quartermaster to haul stores to camp from Barnard Station. He again writes from near Brazoria on December 20, briefly describing camp: \"there is ten Devitions of the Army here and we are all in a pile.\" On February 14, 1864, Nancy writes from Hopkinsville, informing Wilhelm of the illnesses of herself and several family members, concluding, \"i believe they have got the flux.\" She then expresses concern that her father will be conscripted: \"i recon you no they are making evry efforte to get evry man in the army i donte no how soon Pa will hav to go and if he has to go what will become of me and the children, for you no he has taken care of us evry since you have bin in the servise ... i think evry man that carse any thing for his people will go home when they drag out the olde men who are trying to take care of those who are neearest and dearest.\"","Also included is an 1859 letter from N. A. Hopkins of Raleigh (Smith County), Texas, addressed to Nancy Steubing. Hopkins shares general news and compares the men of her neighborhood to those of Steubing's: \"[Y]ou sedd for me to come out thar and you wold show me some of the prettest yong men in the universe but you cant do that for thar is some her as pretty as can be. ... I am sure if you had of come out her and seed our yong Gents be fore you marred I am sure you wold never marred one of the dutch.\" The collection also includes three envelopes addressed to the Steubings."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_791575d536b22c037b2d5140a4240faf\"\u003eSix wartime letters exchanged between Wilhelm Jacob Steubing, a Confederate soldier in Company B, 26th Texas Cavalry and his wife Nancy J. Steubing, at home in Hopkinsville (Gonzales County), Texas, relating to movements of Wilhelm's regiment near the Texas coast and to Nancy's concerns at home, together with a single pre-war letter from N. A. Hopkins of Raleigh (Smith County), Mississippi.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Six wartime letters exchanged between Wilhelm Jacob Steubing, a Confederate soldier in Company B, 26th Texas Cavalry and his wife Nancy J. Steubing, at home in Hopkinsville (Gonzales County), Texas, relating to movements of Wilhelm's regiment near the Texas coast and to Nancy's concerns at home, together with a single pre-war letter from N. A. Hopkins of Raleigh (Smith County), Mississippi."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Steubing, Wilhelm Jacob"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Steubing, Wilhelm Jacob"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:32:36.693Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1916","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1916","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1916","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1916","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1916.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Steubing, Wilhelm Jacob Correspondence","title_ssm":["Wilhelm Jacob Steubing Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Wilhelm Jacob Steubing Correspondence"],"unitdate_ssm":["1859-1864"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1859-1864"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1992.042"],"text":["Ms.1992.042","Wilhelm Jacob Steubing Correspondence","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Civil War","The collection is open to research.","Wilhelm Jacob Steubing, son of William J. and Anna Catherine Schaefer, was born in Prussia on November 9, 1832, and immigrated to Texas with his parents in 1845. He married Nancy Judson Hopkins (1841-1932) in Gonzales County on September 15, 1858; the couple had 16 children. On July 1, 1862, Steubing (as Jacob Steubing) enlisted as a private in Company B, 26th Texas Cavalry. Company muster rolls show him present for duty through February 1864. (No later muster rolls are on file.) The Steubings appear in the 1870 census as residents of Gonzales Texas, with \"William\" described as a 38-year-old blacksmith and Nancy, 29, as a housekeeper. William J. Steubing died in Gonzales County on May 3, 1898, and was buried in Waelder Cemetery.","The guide to the Wilhelm Jacob Steubing Correspondence by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing and description of the Wilhelm Jacob Steubing Correspondence commenced and was completed in October, 2023.","This collection consists of six wartime letters exchanged between Wilhelm Jacob Steubing, a private in Company B, 26th Texas Cavalry and his wife Nancy J. Steubing at the family home in Hopkinsville, Texas, during the American Civil War. ","Wilhelm Steubing's first letter, written from Sabine Pass (Jefferson County), Texas, on April 29, 1863, notes that the \"Yankeys\" have taken Alexandria and expresses doubt that the Confederates can stop Union forces from taking Austin, while providing a description of the opposing forces. On June 30, 1863, Wilhelm writes from Galveston, conveying war news from Vicksburg and Pennsylvania. On November 14, 1863, Nancy Steubeing writes of having heard that Wilhelm's regiment had been sent to Louisiana and that Brownsville, Texas had been taken by Union forces and conveys hope that Wilhelm will be sent to Brownsville and have an opportunity to stop at home. The following day, Wilhelm again writes from Galveston that his regiment will soon depart for Harrisburg \"to avoid the Yankeys landing on our coast\" and that his and other regiments will be formed into a cavalry brigade. He adds that he is sending Nancy two vials of laudenum and gives her instructions for buying whiskey. On December 8, 1863, Wilhelm writes from a camp 10 miles south of Brazoria, Texas, that the regiment had arrived there hungry after a forced march, while he worked with the quartermaster to haul stores to camp from Barnard Station. He again writes from near Brazoria on December 20, briefly describing camp: \"there is ten Devitions of the Army here and we are all in a pile.\" On February 14, 1864, Nancy writes from Hopkinsville, informing Wilhelm of the illnesses of herself and several family members, concluding, \"i believe they have got the flux.\" She then expresses concern that her father will be conscripted: \"i recon you no they are making evry efforte to get evry man in the army i donte no how soon Pa will hav to go and if he has to go what will become of me and the children, for you no he has taken care of us evry since you have bin in the servise ... i think evry man that carse any thing for his people will go home when they drag out the olde men who are trying to take care of those who are neearest and dearest.\"","Also included is an 1859 letter from N. A. Hopkins of Raleigh (Smith County), Texas, addressed to Nancy Steubing. Hopkins shares general news and compares the men of her neighborhood to those of Steubing's: \"[Y]ou sedd for me to come out thar and you wold show me some of the prettest yong men in the universe but you cant do that for thar is some her as pretty as can be. ... I am sure if you had of come out her and seed our yong Gents be fore you marred I am sure you wold never marred one of the dutch.\" The collection also includes three envelopes addressed to the Steubings.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Six wartime letters exchanged between Wilhelm Jacob Steubing, a Confederate soldier in Company B, 26th Texas Cavalry and his wife Nancy J. Steubing, at home in Hopkinsville (Gonzales County), Texas, relating to movements of Wilhelm's regiment near the Texas coast and to Nancy's concerns at home, together with a single pre-war letter from N. A. Hopkins of Raleigh (Smith County), Mississippi.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Steubing, Wilhelm Jacob","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1992.042"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wilhelm Jacob Steubing Correspondence"],"collection_title_tesim":["Wilhelm Jacob Steubing Correspondence"],"collection_ssim":["Wilhelm Jacob Steubing Correspondence"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Steubing, Wilhelm Jacob"],"creator_ssim":["Steubing, Wilhelm Jacob"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Steubing, Wilhelm Jacob"],"creators_ssim":["Steubing, Wilhelm Jacob"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Wilhelm Jacob Steubing Correspondence was donated to Special Collections and University Archives in 1992."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Civil War"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Civil War"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilhelm Jacob Steubing, son of William J. and Anna Catherine Schaefer, was born in Prussia on November 9, 1832, and immigrated to Texas with his parents in 1845. He married Nancy Judson Hopkins (1841-1932) in Gonzales County on September 15, 1858; the couple had 16 children. On July 1, 1862, Steubing (as Jacob Steubing) enlisted as a private in Company B, 26th Texas Cavalry. Company muster rolls show him present for duty through February 1864. (No later muster rolls are on file.) The Steubings appear in the 1870 census as residents of Gonzales Texas, with \"William\" described as a 38-year-old blacksmith and Nancy, 29, as a housekeeper. William J. Steubing died in Gonzales County on May 3, 1898, and was buried in Waelder Cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Wilhelm Jacob Steubing, son of William J. and Anna Catherine Schaefer, was born in Prussia on November 9, 1832, and immigrated to Texas with his parents in 1845. He married Nancy Judson Hopkins (1841-1932) in Gonzales County on September 15, 1858; the couple had 16 children. On July 1, 1862, Steubing (as Jacob Steubing) enlisted as a private in Company B, 26th Texas Cavalry. Company muster rolls show him present for duty through February 1864. (No later muster rolls are on file.) The Steubings appear in the 1870 census as residents of Gonzales Texas, with \"William\" described as a 38-year-old blacksmith and Nancy, 29, as a housekeeper. William J. Steubing died in Gonzales County on May 3, 1898, and was buried in Waelder Cemetery."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Wilhelm Jacob Steubing Correspondence by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Wilhelm Jacob Steubing Correspondence by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Wilhelm Jacob Steubing Correspondence, Ms1992-042, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Wilhelm Jacob Steubing Correspondence, Ms1992-042, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and description of the Wilhelm Jacob Steubing Correspondence commenced and was completed in October, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and description of the Wilhelm Jacob Steubing Correspondence commenced and was completed in October, 2023."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of six wartime letters exchanged between Wilhelm Jacob Steubing, a private in Company B, 26th Texas Cavalry and his wife Nancy J. Steubing at the family home in Hopkinsville, Texas, during the American Civil War. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilhelm Steubing's first letter, written from Sabine Pass (Jefferson County), Texas, on April 29, 1863, notes that the \"Yankeys\" have taken Alexandria and expresses doubt that the Confederates can stop Union forces from taking Austin, while providing a description of the opposing forces. On June 30, 1863, Wilhelm writes from Galveston, conveying war news from Vicksburg and Pennsylvania. On November 14, 1863, Nancy Steubeing writes of having heard that Wilhelm's regiment had been sent to Louisiana and that Brownsville, Texas had been taken by Union forces and conveys hope that Wilhelm will be sent to Brownsville and have an opportunity to stop at home. The following day, Wilhelm again writes from Galveston that his regiment will soon depart for Harrisburg \"to avoid the Yankeys landing on our coast\" and that his and other regiments will be formed into a cavalry brigade. He adds that he is sending Nancy two vials of laudenum and gives her instructions for buying whiskey. On December 8, 1863, Wilhelm writes from a camp 10 miles south of Brazoria, Texas, that the regiment had arrived there hungry after a forced march, while he worked with the quartermaster to haul stores to camp from Barnard Station. He again writes from near Brazoria on December 20, briefly describing camp: \"there is ten Devitions of the Army here and we are all in a pile.\" On February 14, 1864, Nancy writes from Hopkinsville, informing Wilhelm of the illnesses of herself and several family members, concluding, \"i believe they have got the flux.\" She then expresses concern that her father will be conscripted: \"i recon you no they are making evry efforte to get evry man in the army i donte no how soon Pa will hav to go and if he has to go what will become of me and the children, for you no he has taken care of us evry since you have bin in the servise ... i think evry man that carse any thing for his people will go home when they drag out the olde men who are trying to take care of those who are neearest and dearest.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso included is an 1859 letter from N. A. Hopkins of Raleigh (Smith County), Texas, addressed to Nancy Steubing. Hopkins shares general news and compares the men of her neighborhood to those of Steubing's: \"[Y]ou sedd for me to come out thar and you wold show me some of the prettest yong men in the universe but you cant do that for thar is some her as pretty as can be. ... I am sure if you had of come out her and seed our yong Gents be fore you marred I am sure you wold never marred one of the dutch.\" The collection also includes three envelopes addressed to the Steubings.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of six wartime letters exchanged between Wilhelm Jacob Steubing, a private in Company B, 26th Texas Cavalry and his wife Nancy J. Steubing at the family home in Hopkinsville, Texas, during the American Civil War. ","Wilhelm Steubing's first letter, written from Sabine Pass (Jefferson County), Texas, on April 29, 1863, notes that the \"Yankeys\" have taken Alexandria and expresses doubt that the Confederates can stop Union forces from taking Austin, while providing a description of the opposing forces. On June 30, 1863, Wilhelm writes from Galveston, conveying war news from Vicksburg and Pennsylvania. On November 14, 1863, Nancy Steubeing writes of having heard that Wilhelm's regiment had been sent to Louisiana and that Brownsville, Texas had been taken by Union forces and conveys hope that Wilhelm will be sent to Brownsville and have an opportunity to stop at home. The following day, Wilhelm again writes from Galveston that his regiment will soon depart for Harrisburg \"to avoid the Yankeys landing on our coast\" and that his and other regiments will be formed into a cavalry brigade. He adds that he is sending Nancy two vials of laudenum and gives her instructions for buying whiskey. On December 8, 1863, Wilhelm writes from a camp 10 miles south of Brazoria, Texas, that the regiment had arrived there hungry after a forced march, while he worked with the quartermaster to haul stores to camp from Barnard Station. He again writes from near Brazoria on December 20, briefly describing camp: \"there is ten Devitions of the Army here and we are all in a pile.\" On February 14, 1864, Nancy writes from Hopkinsville, informing Wilhelm of the illnesses of herself and several family members, concluding, \"i believe they have got the flux.\" She then expresses concern that her father will be conscripted: \"i recon you no they are making evry efforte to get evry man in the army i donte no how soon Pa will hav to go and if he has to go what will become of me and the children, for you no he has taken care of us evry since you have bin in the servise ... i think evry man that carse any thing for his people will go home when they drag out the olde men who are trying to take care of those who are neearest and dearest.\"","Also included is an 1859 letter from N. A. Hopkins of Raleigh (Smith County), Texas, addressed to Nancy Steubing. Hopkins shares general news and compares the men of her neighborhood to those of Steubing's: \"[Y]ou sedd for me to come out thar and you wold show me some of the prettest yong men in the universe but you cant do that for thar is some her as pretty as can be. ... I am sure if you had of come out her and seed our yong Gents be fore you marred I am sure you wold never marred one of the dutch.\" The collection also includes three envelopes addressed to the Steubings."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_791575d536b22c037b2d5140a4240faf\"\u003eSix wartime letters exchanged between Wilhelm Jacob Steubing, a Confederate soldier in Company B, 26th Texas Cavalry and his wife Nancy J. Steubing, at home in Hopkinsville (Gonzales County), Texas, relating to movements of Wilhelm's regiment near the Texas coast and to Nancy's concerns at home, together with a single pre-war letter from N. A. Hopkins of Raleigh (Smith County), Mississippi.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Six wartime letters exchanged between Wilhelm Jacob Steubing, a Confederate soldier in Company B, 26th Texas Cavalry and his wife Nancy J. Steubing, at home in Hopkinsville (Gonzales County), Texas, relating to movements of Wilhelm's regiment near the Texas coast and to Nancy's concerns at home, together with a single pre-war letter from N. A. Hopkins of Raleigh (Smith County), Mississippi."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Steubing, Wilhelm Jacob"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Steubing, Wilhelm Jacob"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:32:36.693Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1916"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2745","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"William A. Leonard Papers,","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2745#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Leonard, William A., b.1843(?)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2745#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection includes William A. Leonard's letters home from February-July 1865, as well as his diary from August 1864-April 1865. Leonard served as an ambulance driver in and around the siege at Petersburg, which is the focus of his short diary entries. His early letters focus on war news and rumors, daily life, and news from home. Post-surrender letters emphasize Leonard's experiences while stationed around Washington, DC, daily life (including the growing frustrations of soldiers wanting to get home) and his complaint's about the rumors and delays of his regiment's discharge.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2745#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2745","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2745","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2745","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2745","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2745.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Leonard, William A. Papers","title_ssm":["William A. Leonard Papers,"],"title_tesim":["William A. Leonard Papers,"],"unitdate_ssm":["1864-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1864-1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2011.106"],"text":["Ms.2011.106","William A. Leonard Papers,","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Medicine","Medicine, Military -- History","Petersburg (Va.) -- History -- Siege, 1864-1865","Petersburg (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","Collection is open for research.","Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","The collection is arranged by material type. Correspondence is in chronological order.","William A. Leonard was born about 1843 to Joel A. (b.1817)  and Sophia Leonard (1816-d. before 1880). His parents were both natives of Vermont who moved to Massachusetts. William and his two sisters, Leonora (b. abt. 1852; and who William calls \"Nora\" in his letters and is later listed as \"Mary\" in a least one set of census records) and Roselia (b. abt. 1859) were all born in Great Barrington, Berkshire County. ","It is unknown what line of work William Leonard was in prior to the war, though he was living at home with his family. He was drafted into service in July 1863 for a three year term with Company F, 16th Regiment, Massachusetts Infantry. In mid-July 1864, the 16th Infantry mustered out. Existing veterans and recruits, Leonard included, were transferred to the 11th Regiment, Massachusetts Infantry. From at least August of 1864 until Lee's surrender, Leonard served as an ambulance driver, transporting wounded from battlefield to hospital. His unit spent nearly a year in and around Petersburg. While stationed outside Washington, DC, waiting to muster out, Leonard also drove civilians in and around the city. He particularly makes mention of taking family members to hospitals to get news of soldiers. ","Leonard returned home to Great Barrington in July 1865. In 1880, he was living at home with his father, Leonora and her husband, and Leonora's brother-in-law. At the time, he was employed at a woolen mill. In 1894, he purchased a plumbing and steam fitting business from a former employer. Later census records suggest he was married to a woman named Hattie (probably Henrietta; b. abt. 1863), but it is unknown when. They had daughter, Nellie, in June 1897.","Sources: Ancestry.com Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System , National Park Service.  The Metal Worker , vol. XLI, January to June 1894. New York: David Williams, 1894. Via Google Books, November 2011.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the William A. Leonard Papers was completed in November 2011. Additional processing and description was completed in December 2011.","The collection includes William A. Leonard's letters home from February-July 1865, as well as his diary from August 1864-April 1865. Leonard served as an ambulance driver in and around the siege at Petersburg, which is the focus of his short diary entries. His early letters focus on war news and rumors, daily life, and news from home. Letters following Lee's surrender emphasize Leonard's experiences while stationed around Washington, DC, daily life (including the growing frustrations of soldiers wanting to get home) and his complaint's about the rumors and delays of his regiment's discharge and payment.","All the letters in this collection were written home to Leonard's parents, usually his mother. He continually reassures her not to worry about him, requests various things from home (especially stamps), and talks about his daily life. He frequently writes about plans for when he gets home. Leonard's religious sentiments also recur throughout his correspondence. He also includes war news and who he has seen, though he reveals his priorities and lack of interest in being a soldier, saying in March 1865:","we have got a good man to steer the machine, that fellow they call U. S. Grant. Sheridan \u0026 Sherman are giving them fits. I have seen Grant \u0026 Mede a number of times this summer I had a great deal rather see you + Pa. I dont want to see Nora because she wanted me to go soldiering","Although battle descriptions are not necessarily the focus of Leonard's letters, his 1864 correspondence contains details of being fired upon a Petersburg, of picket duty, and later, of transporting injured men. In June 1865, he writes several letters detailing the sight of unburied dead men and horses and the sound of fighting from the front at Petersburg. In May 1865, he writes of the incompetence of the doctors:","The Doctors here dont have any thing fit to give any one and the bigest of them dont know how to doctor a hen anyway. They take the wounded men legs and arms off half the time. when there is no need of it, do it practice there has been a number of times I have heard of that...The Doct of the Regt was a clerk in an apothecary shop... \n \nLeonard's diary begins in August 1864, apparently when he was appointed to drive an ambulance. His entries are short and refer mostly to his daily activities: who or what he was conveying to and from the hospital at City Point outside Petersburg; what letters he sent or received; war news; or when he attended religious meetings. Shortly before the diary ends in April 1865, he notes the firing of guns and cannons \"for the death of abram Lincoln President of the U.S. who was shot by a man by the name of Booth.\" He refers to the death of Lincoln and its effect on the soldiers in several letters, as well. Leonard's own correspondence suggests he kept a previous diary--in August 1864, he inquires if his mother has received the one he sent home--but it is unknown if this diary still exists.","Please note: Transcripts of the correspondence are available in the collection. ","Permission to publish material from William A. Leonard Papers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","The collection includes William A. Leonard's letters home from February-July 1865, as well as his diary from August 1864-April 1865. Leonard served as an ambulance driver in and around the siege at Petersburg, which is the focus of his short diary entries. His early letters focus on war news and rumors, daily life, and news from home. Post-surrender letters emphasize Leonard's experiences while stationed around Washington, DC, daily life (including the growing frustrations of soldiers wanting to get home) and his complaint's about the rumors and delays of his regiment's discharge.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Leonard, William A., b.1843(?)","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2011.106"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William A. Leonard Papers,"],"collection_title_tesim":["William A. Leonard Papers,"],"collection_ssim":["William A. Leonard Papers,"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Leonard, William A., b.1843(?)"],"creator_ssim":["Leonard, William A., b.1843(?)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Leonard, William A., b.1843(?)"],"creators_ssim":["Leonard, William A., b.1843(?)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from William A. Leonard Papers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"acqinfo_ssim":["William A. Leonard's diary was purchased by Special Collections in July 2011. A group of Leonard's correspondence  from 1865 was purchased by Special Collections in September 2011. Additional correspondence from 1864 and 1865 was purchased by Special Collections in December 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Medicine","Medicine, Military -- History","Petersburg (Va.) -- History -- Siege, 1864-1865","Petersburg (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Medicine","Medicine, Military -- History","Petersburg (Va.) -- History -- Siege, 1864-1865","Petersburg (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1864,1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/72\"\u003eSome of this collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by material type. Correspondence is in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by material type. Correspondence is in chronological order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam A. Leonard was born about 1843 to Joel A. (b.1817)  and Sophia Leonard (1816-d. before 1880). His parents were both natives of Vermont who moved to Massachusetts. William and his two sisters, Leonora (b. abt. 1852; and who William calls \"Nora\" in his letters and is later listed as \"Mary\" in a least one set of census records) and Roselia (b. abt. 1859) were all born in Great Barrington, Berkshire County. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt is unknown what line of work William Leonard was in prior to the war, though he was living at home with his family. He was drafted into service in July 1863 for a three year term with Company F, 16th Regiment, Massachusetts Infantry. In mid-July 1864, the 16th Infantry mustered out. Existing veterans and recruits, Leonard included, were transferred to the 11th Regiment, Massachusetts Infantry. From at least August of 1864 until Lee's surrender, Leonard served as an ambulance driver, transporting wounded from battlefield to hospital. His unit spent nearly a year in and around Petersburg. While stationed outside Washington, DC, waiting to muster out, Leonard also drove civilians in and around the city. He particularly makes mention of taking family members to hospitals to get news of soldiers. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLeonard returned home to Great Barrington in July 1865. In 1880, he was living at home with his father, Leonora and her husband, and Leonora's brother-in-law. At the time, he was employed at a woolen mill. In 1894, he purchased a plumbing and steam fitting business from a former employer. Later census records suggest he was married to a woman named Hattie (probably Henrietta; b. abt. 1863), but it is unknown when. They had daughter, Nellie, in June 1897.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003clist\u003e\n\u003chead\u003eSources:\u003c/head\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cextref href=\"http://www.ancestry.com/\"\u003eAncestry.com\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cextref href=\"http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/regiments.cfm\"\u003eCivil War Soldiers and Sailors System\u003c/extref\u003e, National Park Service. \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cextref href=\"http://books.google.com/books?id=vdsfAQAAMAAJ\u0026amp;lpg=RA1-PA37\u0026amp;ots=v02gEfJu9U\u0026amp;dq=%22william%20a%20leonard%22%20great%20barrington\u0026amp;pg=PP5#v=onepage\u0026amp;q\u0026amp;f=false\"\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Metal Worker\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e, vol. XLI, January to June 1894. New York: David Williams, 1894. Via Google Books, November 2011.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["William A. Leonard was born about 1843 to Joel A. (b.1817)  and Sophia Leonard (1816-d. before 1880). His parents were both natives of Vermont who moved to Massachusetts. William and his two sisters, Leonora (b. abt. 1852; and who William calls \"Nora\" in his letters and is later listed as \"Mary\" in a least one set of census records) and Roselia (b. abt. 1859) were all born in Great Barrington, Berkshire County. ","It is unknown what line of work William Leonard was in prior to the war, though he was living at home with his family. He was drafted into service in July 1863 for a three year term with Company F, 16th Regiment, Massachusetts Infantry. In mid-July 1864, the 16th Infantry mustered out. Existing veterans and recruits, Leonard included, were transferred to the 11th Regiment, Massachusetts Infantry. From at least August of 1864 until Lee's surrender, Leonard served as an ambulance driver, transporting wounded from battlefield to hospital. His unit spent nearly a year in and around Petersburg. While stationed outside Washington, DC, waiting to muster out, Leonard also drove civilians in and around the city. He particularly makes mention of taking family members to hospitals to get news of soldiers. ","Leonard returned home to Great Barrington in July 1865. In 1880, he was living at home with his father, Leonora and her husband, and Leonora's brother-in-law. At the time, he was employed at a woolen mill. In 1894, he purchased a plumbing and steam fitting business from a former employer. Later census records suggest he was married to a woman named Hattie (probably Henrietta; b. abt. 1863), but it is unknown when. They had daughter, Nellie, in June 1897.","Sources: Ancestry.com Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System , National Park Service.  The Metal Worker , vol. XLI, January to June 1894. New York: David Williams, 1894. Via Google Books, November 2011."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: William A. Leonard Papers, Ms2011-106, Special Collections, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: William A. Leonard Papers, Ms2011-106, Special Collections, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the William A. Leonard Papers was completed in November 2011. Additional processing and description was completed in December 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the William A. Leonard Papers was completed in November 2011. Additional processing and description was completed in December 2011."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes William A. Leonard's letters home from February-July 1865, as well as his diary from August 1864-April 1865. Leonard served as an ambulance driver in and around the siege at Petersburg, which is the focus of his short diary entries. His early letters focus on war news and rumors, daily life, and news from home. Letters following Lee's surrender emphasize Leonard's experiences while stationed around Washington, DC, daily life (including the growing frustrations of soldiers wanting to get home) and his complaint's about the rumors and delays of his regiment's discharge and payment.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAll the letters in this collection were written home to Leonard's parents, usually his mother. He continually reassures her not to worry about him, requests various things from home (especially stamps), and talks about his daily life. He frequently writes about plans for when he gets home. Leonard's religious sentiments also recur throughout his correspondence. He also includes war news and who he has seen, though he reveals his priorities and lack of interest in being a soldier, saying in March 1865:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cblockquote\u003ewe have got a good man to steer the machine, that fellow they call U. S. Grant. Sheridan \u0026amp; Sherman are giving them fits. I have seen Grant \u0026amp; Mede a number of times this summer I had a great deal rather see you + Pa. I dont want to see Nora because she wanted me to go soldiering\u003c/blockquote\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlthough battle descriptions are not necessarily the focus of Leonard's letters, his 1864 correspondence contains details of being fired upon a Petersburg, of picket duty, and later, of transporting injured men. In June 1865, he writes several letters detailing the sight of unburied dead men and horses and the sound of fighting from the front at Petersburg. In May 1865, he writes of the incompetence of the doctors:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cblockquote\u003eThe Doctors here dont have any thing fit to give any one and the bigest of them dont know how to doctor a hen anyway. They take the wounded men legs and arms off half the time. when there is no need of it, do it practice there has been a number of times I have heard of that...The Doct of the Regt was a clerk in an apothecary shop...\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n \nLeonard's diary begins in August 1864, apparently when he was appointed to drive an ambulance. His entries are short and refer mostly to his daily activities: who or what he was conveying to and from the hospital at City Point outside Petersburg; what letters he sent or received; war news; or when he attended religious meetings. Shortly before the diary ends in April 1865, he notes the firing of guns and cannons \"for the death of abram Lincoln President of the U.S. who was shot by a man by the name of Booth.\" He refers to the death of Lincoln and its effect on the soldiers in several letters, as well. Leonard's own correspondence suggests he kept a previous diary--in August 1864, he inquires if his mother has received the one he sent home--but it is unknown if this diary still exists.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease note: Transcripts of the correspondence are available in the collection. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes William A. Leonard's letters home from February-July 1865, as well as his diary from August 1864-April 1865. Leonard served as an ambulance driver in and around the siege at Petersburg, which is the focus of his short diary entries. His early letters focus on war news and rumors, daily life, and news from home. Letters following Lee's surrender emphasize Leonard's experiences while stationed around Washington, DC, daily life (including the growing frustrations of soldiers wanting to get home) and his complaint's about the rumors and delays of his regiment's discharge and payment.","All the letters in this collection were written home to Leonard's parents, usually his mother. He continually reassures her not to worry about him, requests various things from home (especially stamps), and talks about his daily life. He frequently writes about plans for when he gets home. Leonard's religious sentiments also recur throughout his correspondence. He also includes war news and who he has seen, though he reveals his priorities and lack of interest in being a soldier, saying in March 1865:","we have got a good man to steer the machine, that fellow they call U. S. Grant. Sheridan \u0026 Sherman are giving them fits. I have seen Grant \u0026 Mede a number of times this summer I had a great deal rather see you + Pa. I dont want to see Nora because she wanted me to go soldiering","Although battle descriptions are not necessarily the focus of Leonard's letters, his 1864 correspondence contains details of being fired upon a Petersburg, of picket duty, and later, of transporting injured men. In June 1865, he writes several letters detailing the sight of unburied dead men and horses and the sound of fighting from the front at Petersburg. In May 1865, he writes of the incompetence of the doctors:","The Doctors here dont have any thing fit to give any one and the bigest of them dont know how to doctor a hen anyway. They take the wounded men legs and arms off half the time. when there is no need of it, do it practice there has been a number of times I have heard of that...The Doct of the Regt was a clerk in an apothecary shop... \n \nLeonard's diary begins in August 1864, apparently when he was appointed to drive an ambulance. His entries are short and refer mostly to his daily activities: who or what he was conveying to and from the hospital at City Point outside Petersburg; what letters he sent or received; war news; or when he attended religious meetings. Shortly before the diary ends in April 1865, he notes the firing of guns and cannons \"for the death of abram Lincoln President of the U.S. who was shot by a man by the name of Booth.\" He refers to the death of Lincoln and its effect on the soldiers in several letters, as well. Leonard's own correspondence suggests he kept a previous diary--in August 1864, he inquires if his mother has received the one he sent home--but it is unknown if this diary still exists.","Please note: Transcripts of the correspondence are available in the collection. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from William A. Leonard Papers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from William A. Leonard Papers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_6b838a5f71d3f547cf4eb518925dd569\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection includes William A. Leonard's letters home from February-July 1865, as well as his diary from August 1864-April 1865. Leonard served as an ambulance driver in and around the siege at Petersburg, which is the focus of his short diary entries. His early letters focus on war news and rumors, daily life, and news from home. Post-surrender letters emphasize Leonard's experiences while stationed around Washington, DC, daily life (including the growing frustrations of soldiers wanting to get home) and his complaint's about the rumors and delays of his regiment's discharge.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection includes William A. Leonard's letters home from February-July 1865, as well as his diary from August 1864-April 1865. Leonard served as an ambulance driver in and around the siege at Petersburg, which is the focus of his short diary entries. His early letters focus on war news and rumors, daily life, and news from home. Post-surrender letters emphasize Leonard's experiences while stationed around Washington, DC, daily life (including the growing frustrations of soldiers wanting to get home) and his complaint's about the rumors and delays of his regiment's discharge."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Leonard, William A., b.1843(?)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Leonard, William A., b.1843(?)"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:44:13.720Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2745","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2745","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2745","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2745","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2745.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Leonard, William A. Papers","title_ssm":["William A. Leonard Papers,"],"title_tesim":["William A. Leonard Papers,"],"unitdate_ssm":["1864-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1864-1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2011.106"],"text":["Ms.2011.106","William A. Leonard Papers,","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Medicine","Medicine, Military -- History","Petersburg (Va.) -- History -- Siege, 1864-1865","Petersburg (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","Collection is open for research.","Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","The collection is arranged by material type. Correspondence is in chronological order.","William A. Leonard was born about 1843 to Joel A. (b.1817)  and Sophia Leonard (1816-d. before 1880). His parents were both natives of Vermont who moved to Massachusetts. William and his two sisters, Leonora (b. abt. 1852; and who William calls \"Nora\" in his letters and is later listed as \"Mary\" in a least one set of census records) and Roselia (b. abt. 1859) were all born in Great Barrington, Berkshire County. ","It is unknown what line of work William Leonard was in prior to the war, though he was living at home with his family. He was drafted into service in July 1863 for a three year term with Company F, 16th Regiment, Massachusetts Infantry. In mid-July 1864, the 16th Infantry mustered out. Existing veterans and recruits, Leonard included, were transferred to the 11th Regiment, Massachusetts Infantry. From at least August of 1864 until Lee's surrender, Leonard served as an ambulance driver, transporting wounded from battlefield to hospital. His unit spent nearly a year in and around Petersburg. While stationed outside Washington, DC, waiting to muster out, Leonard also drove civilians in and around the city. He particularly makes mention of taking family members to hospitals to get news of soldiers. ","Leonard returned home to Great Barrington in July 1865. In 1880, he was living at home with his father, Leonora and her husband, and Leonora's brother-in-law. At the time, he was employed at a woolen mill. In 1894, he purchased a plumbing and steam fitting business from a former employer. Later census records suggest he was married to a woman named Hattie (probably Henrietta; b. abt. 1863), but it is unknown when. They had daughter, Nellie, in June 1897.","Sources: Ancestry.com Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System , National Park Service.  The Metal Worker , vol. XLI, January to June 1894. New York: David Williams, 1894. Via Google Books, November 2011.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the William A. Leonard Papers was completed in November 2011. Additional processing and description was completed in December 2011.","The collection includes William A. Leonard's letters home from February-July 1865, as well as his diary from August 1864-April 1865. Leonard served as an ambulance driver in and around the siege at Petersburg, which is the focus of his short diary entries. His early letters focus on war news and rumors, daily life, and news from home. Letters following Lee's surrender emphasize Leonard's experiences while stationed around Washington, DC, daily life (including the growing frustrations of soldiers wanting to get home) and his complaint's about the rumors and delays of his regiment's discharge and payment.","All the letters in this collection were written home to Leonard's parents, usually his mother. He continually reassures her not to worry about him, requests various things from home (especially stamps), and talks about his daily life. He frequently writes about plans for when he gets home. Leonard's religious sentiments also recur throughout his correspondence. He also includes war news and who he has seen, though he reveals his priorities and lack of interest in being a soldier, saying in March 1865:","we have got a good man to steer the machine, that fellow they call U. S. Grant. Sheridan \u0026 Sherman are giving them fits. I have seen Grant \u0026 Mede a number of times this summer I had a great deal rather see you + Pa. I dont want to see Nora because she wanted me to go soldiering","Although battle descriptions are not necessarily the focus of Leonard's letters, his 1864 correspondence contains details of being fired upon a Petersburg, of picket duty, and later, of transporting injured men. In June 1865, he writes several letters detailing the sight of unburied dead men and horses and the sound of fighting from the front at Petersburg. In May 1865, he writes of the incompetence of the doctors:","The Doctors here dont have any thing fit to give any one and the bigest of them dont know how to doctor a hen anyway. They take the wounded men legs and arms off half the time. when there is no need of it, do it practice there has been a number of times I have heard of that...The Doct of the Regt was a clerk in an apothecary shop... \n \nLeonard's diary begins in August 1864, apparently when he was appointed to drive an ambulance. His entries are short and refer mostly to his daily activities: who or what he was conveying to and from the hospital at City Point outside Petersburg; what letters he sent or received; war news; or when he attended religious meetings. Shortly before the diary ends in April 1865, he notes the firing of guns and cannons \"for the death of abram Lincoln President of the U.S. who was shot by a man by the name of Booth.\" He refers to the death of Lincoln and its effect on the soldiers in several letters, as well. Leonard's own correspondence suggests he kept a previous diary--in August 1864, he inquires if his mother has received the one he sent home--but it is unknown if this diary still exists.","Please note: Transcripts of the correspondence are available in the collection. ","Permission to publish material from William A. Leonard Papers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","The collection includes William A. Leonard's letters home from February-July 1865, as well as his diary from August 1864-April 1865. Leonard served as an ambulance driver in and around the siege at Petersburg, which is the focus of his short diary entries. His early letters focus on war news and rumors, daily life, and news from home. Post-surrender letters emphasize Leonard's experiences while stationed around Washington, DC, daily life (including the growing frustrations of soldiers wanting to get home) and his complaint's about the rumors and delays of his regiment's discharge.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Leonard, William A., b.1843(?)","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2011.106"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William A. Leonard Papers,"],"collection_title_tesim":["William A. Leonard Papers,"],"collection_ssim":["William A. Leonard Papers,"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Leonard, William A., b.1843(?)"],"creator_ssim":["Leonard, William A., b.1843(?)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Leonard, William A., b.1843(?)"],"creators_ssim":["Leonard, William A., b.1843(?)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from William A. Leonard Papers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"acqinfo_ssim":["William A. Leonard's diary was purchased by Special Collections in July 2011. A group of Leonard's correspondence  from 1865 was purchased by Special Collections in September 2011. Additional correspondence from 1864 and 1865 was purchased by Special Collections in December 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Medicine","Medicine, Military -- History","Petersburg (Va.) -- History -- Siege, 1864-1865","Petersburg (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Medicine","Medicine, Military -- History","Petersburg (Va.) -- History -- Siege, 1864-1865","Petersburg (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1864,1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/72\"\u003eSome of this collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by material type. Correspondence is in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by material type. Correspondence is in chronological order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam A. Leonard was born about 1843 to Joel A. (b.1817)  and Sophia Leonard (1816-d. before 1880). His parents were both natives of Vermont who moved to Massachusetts. William and his two sisters, Leonora (b. abt. 1852; and who William calls \"Nora\" in his letters and is later listed as \"Mary\" in a least one set of census records) and Roselia (b. abt. 1859) were all born in Great Barrington, Berkshire County. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt is unknown what line of work William Leonard was in prior to the war, though he was living at home with his family. He was drafted into service in July 1863 for a three year term with Company F, 16th Regiment, Massachusetts Infantry. In mid-July 1864, the 16th Infantry mustered out. Existing veterans and recruits, Leonard included, were transferred to the 11th Regiment, Massachusetts Infantry. From at least August of 1864 until Lee's surrender, Leonard served as an ambulance driver, transporting wounded from battlefield to hospital. His unit spent nearly a year in and around Petersburg. While stationed outside Washington, DC, waiting to muster out, Leonard also drove civilians in and around the city. He particularly makes mention of taking family members to hospitals to get news of soldiers. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLeonard returned home to Great Barrington in July 1865. In 1880, he was living at home with his father, Leonora and her husband, and Leonora's brother-in-law. At the time, he was employed at a woolen mill. In 1894, he purchased a plumbing and steam fitting business from a former employer. Later census records suggest he was married to a woman named Hattie (probably Henrietta; b. abt. 1863), but it is unknown when. They had daughter, Nellie, in June 1897.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003clist\u003e\n\u003chead\u003eSources:\u003c/head\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cextref href=\"http://www.ancestry.com/\"\u003eAncestry.com\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cextref href=\"http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/regiments.cfm\"\u003eCivil War Soldiers and Sailors System\u003c/extref\u003e, National Park Service. \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cextref href=\"http://books.google.com/books?id=vdsfAQAAMAAJ\u0026amp;lpg=RA1-PA37\u0026amp;ots=v02gEfJu9U\u0026amp;dq=%22william%20a%20leonard%22%20great%20barrington\u0026amp;pg=PP5#v=onepage\u0026amp;q\u0026amp;f=false\"\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Metal Worker\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e, vol. XLI, January to June 1894. New York: David Williams, 1894. Via Google Books, November 2011.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["William A. Leonard was born about 1843 to Joel A. (b.1817)  and Sophia Leonard (1816-d. before 1880). His parents were both natives of Vermont who moved to Massachusetts. William and his two sisters, Leonora (b. abt. 1852; and who William calls \"Nora\" in his letters and is later listed as \"Mary\" in a least one set of census records) and Roselia (b. abt. 1859) were all born in Great Barrington, Berkshire County. ","It is unknown what line of work William Leonard was in prior to the war, though he was living at home with his family. He was drafted into service in July 1863 for a three year term with Company F, 16th Regiment, Massachusetts Infantry. In mid-July 1864, the 16th Infantry mustered out. Existing veterans and recruits, Leonard included, were transferred to the 11th Regiment, Massachusetts Infantry. From at least August of 1864 until Lee's surrender, Leonard served as an ambulance driver, transporting wounded from battlefield to hospital. His unit spent nearly a year in and around Petersburg. While stationed outside Washington, DC, waiting to muster out, Leonard also drove civilians in and around the city. He particularly makes mention of taking family members to hospitals to get news of soldiers. ","Leonard returned home to Great Barrington in July 1865. In 1880, he was living at home with his father, Leonora and her husband, and Leonora's brother-in-law. At the time, he was employed at a woolen mill. In 1894, he purchased a plumbing and steam fitting business from a former employer. Later census records suggest he was married to a woman named Hattie (probably Henrietta; b. abt. 1863), but it is unknown when. They had daughter, Nellie, in June 1897.","Sources: Ancestry.com Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System , National Park Service.  The Metal Worker , vol. XLI, January to June 1894. New York: David Williams, 1894. Via Google Books, November 2011."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: William A. Leonard Papers, Ms2011-106, Special Collections, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: William A. Leonard Papers, Ms2011-106, Special Collections, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the William A. Leonard Papers was completed in November 2011. Additional processing and description was completed in December 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the William A. Leonard Papers was completed in November 2011. Additional processing and description was completed in December 2011."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes William A. Leonard's letters home from February-July 1865, as well as his diary from August 1864-April 1865. Leonard served as an ambulance driver in and around the siege at Petersburg, which is the focus of his short diary entries. His early letters focus on war news and rumors, daily life, and news from home. Letters following Lee's surrender emphasize Leonard's experiences while stationed around Washington, DC, daily life (including the growing frustrations of soldiers wanting to get home) and his complaint's about the rumors and delays of his regiment's discharge and payment.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAll the letters in this collection were written home to Leonard's parents, usually his mother. He continually reassures her not to worry about him, requests various things from home (especially stamps), and talks about his daily life. He frequently writes about plans for when he gets home. Leonard's religious sentiments also recur throughout his correspondence. He also includes war news and who he has seen, though he reveals his priorities and lack of interest in being a soldier, saying in March 1865:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cblockquote\u003ewe have got a good man to steer the machine, that fellow they call U. S. Grant. Sheridan \u0026amp; Sherman are giving them fits. I have seen Grant \u0026amp; Mede a number of times this summer I had a great deal rather see you + Pa. I dont want to see Nora because she wanted me to go soldiering\u003c/blockquote\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlthough battle descriptions are not necessarily the focus of Leonard's letters, his 1864 correspondence contains details of being fired upon a Petersburg, of picket duty, and later, of transporting injured men. In June 1865, he writes several letters detailing the sight of unburied dead men and horses and the sound of fighting from the front at Petersburg. In May 1865, he writes of the incompetence of the doctors:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cblockquote\u003eThe Doctors here dont have any thing fit to give any one and the bigest of them dont know how to doctor a hen anyway. They take the wounded men legs and arms off half the time. when there is no need of it, do it practice there has been a number of times I have heard of that...The Doct of the Regt was a clerk in an apothecary shop...\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n \nLeonard's diary begins in August 1864, apparently when he was appointed to drive an ambulance. His entries are short and refer mostly to his daily activities: who or what he was conveying to and from the hospital at City Point outside Petersburg; what letters he sent or received; war news; or when he attended religious meetings. Shortly before the diary ends in April 1865, he notes the firing of guns and cannons \"for the death of abram Lincoln President of the U.S. who was shot by a man by the name of Booth.\" He refers to the death of Lincoln and its effect on the soldiers in several letters, as well. Leonard's own correspondence suggests he kept a previous diary--in August 1864, he inquires if his mother has received the one he sent home--but it is unknown if this diary still exists.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease note: Transcripts of the correspondence are available in the collection. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes William A. Leonard's letters home from February-July 1865, as well as his diary from August 1864-April 1865. Leonard served as an ambulance driver in and around the siege at Petersburg, which is the focus of his short diary entries. His early letters focus on war news and rumors, daily life, and news from home. Letters following Lee's surrender emphasize Leonard's experiences while stationed around Washington, DC, daily life (including the growing frustrations of soldiers wanting to get home) and his complaint's about the rumors and delays of his regiment's discharge and payment.","All the letters in this collection were written home to Leonard's parents, usually his mother. He continually reassures her not to worry about him, requests various things from home (especially stamps), and talks about his daily life. He frequently writes about plans for when he gets home. Leonard's religious sentiments also recur throughout his correspondence. He also includes war news and who he has seen, though he reveals his priorities and lack of interest in being a soldier, saying in March 1865:","we have got a good man to steer the machine, that fellow they call U. S. Grant. Sheridan \u0026 Sherman are giving them fits. I have seen Grant \u0026 Mede a number of times this summer I had a great deal rather see you + Pa. I dont want to see Nora because she wanted me to go soldiering","Although battle descriptions are not necessarily the focus of Leonard's letters, his 1864 correspondence contains details of being fired upon a Petersburg, of picket duty, and later, of transporting injured men. In June 1865, he writes several letters detailing the sight of unburied dead men and horses and the sound of fighting from the front at Petersburg. In May 1865, he writes of the incompetence of the doctors:","The Doctors here dont have any thing fit to give any one and the bigest of them dont know how to doctor a hen anyway. They take the wounded men legs and arms off half the time. when there is no need of it, do it practice there has been a number of times I have heard of that...The Doct of the Regt was a clerk in an apothecary shop... \n \nLeonard's diary begins in August 1864, apparently when he was appointed to drive an ambulance. His entries are short and refer mostly to his daily activities: who or what he was conveying to and from the hospital at City Point outside Petersburg; what letters he sent or received; war news; or when he attended religious meetings. Shortly before the diary ends in April 1865, he notes the firing of guns and cannons \"for the death of abram Lincoln President of the U.S. who was shot by a man by the name of Booth.\" He refers to the death of Lincoln and its effect on the soldiers in several letters, as well. Leonard's own correspondence suggests he kept a previous diary--in August 1864, he inquires if his mother has received the one he sent home--but it is unknown if this diary still exists.","Please note: Transcripts of the correspondence are available in the collection. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from William A. Leonard Papers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from William A. Leonard Papers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_6b838a5f71d3f547cf4eb518925dd569\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection includes William A. Leonard's letters home from February-July 1865, as well as his diary from August 1864-April 1865. Leonard served as an ambulance driver in and around the siege at Petersburg, which is the focus of his short diary entries. His early letters focus on war news and rumors, daily life, and news from home. Post-surrender letters emphasize Leonard's experiences while stationed around Washington, DC, daily life (including the growing frustrations of soldiers wanting to get home) and his complaint's about the rumors and delays of his regiment's discharge.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection includes William A. Leonard's letters home from February-July 1865, as well as his diary from August 1864-April 1865. Leonard served as an ambulance driver in and around the siege at Petersburg, which is the focus of his short diary entries. His early letters focus on war news and rumors, daily life, and news from home. Post-surrender letters emphasize Leonard's experiences while stationed around Washington, DC, daily life (including the growing frustrations of soldiers wanting to get home) and his complaint's about the rumors and delays of his regiment's discharge."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Leonard, William A., b.1843(?)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Leonard, William A., b.1843(?)"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:44:13.720Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2745"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2533","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"William Avery Stratton Correspondence","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2533#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Currier, Lottie (Charlotte?) Lewis","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2533#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection contains correspondence to William Avery Stratton from friends and family. Letters date from as early as the American Civil War (1864) to the year after Stratton's death (1940). For the most part, letters are about social and family news, though some of the early letters contain Civil War and post-bellum news from the South. Letters from friends in Oregon, Colorado, and Nevada also provide details on Indian affairs, railroad growth, and cattle in the West. The collection also contains a large number of wedding and graduation invitations for events in Oxford, New York, where Stratton spent much of his life.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2533#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2533","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2533","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2533","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2533","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2533.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Stratton, William Avery, Correspondence","title_ssm":["William Avery Stratton Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["William Avery Stratton Correspondence"],"unitdate_ssm":["1864-1940","1864-1880"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1864-1880"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1864-1940"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2009.114"],"text":["Ms.2009.114","William Avery Stratton Correspondence","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged in three series–Series I: Correspondence, 1864-1940, Series II: Invitations, 1874-1935, and Series III: Ephemera. ","Series I: Correspondence, 1864-1940, contains more than 75 years of personal and business letters written to, and in a few cases, by, Stratton. A majority of the letters are from immediate and extended family. The remainder are from friends and business associates. In addition to his own jobs over the years, Stratton appears to have facilitated business transactions for his family's dairy.","Hattie Chase (Stratton's cousin), wrote Stratton a number of letters from Georgia concerning treatment and perceptions of African-Americans in the south after the American Civil War. Her letters continue into the early 1870s. After 1871, Stratton's brother, Edward, also writes about African-Americans, when he moved to Bolton, Mississippi, for a job with Robinson \u0026 Withers, later Robinson \u0026 Williams, then C. L. Robinson \u0026 Co. Charles L. Robinson was probably a relation through William and Edward's mother and step-mother.","Starting in 1878, Stratton received letters from a cousin, Eli Ten Brock, and a number of other friends living out west. These letters contain discussion of troubles with Indians, the growth of the railroad, and cattle driving in Oregon, Colorado, Nevada, and Texas. These were not the only colorful characters with whom he corresponded. After an unknown attack of some kind while living in Mississippi, a friend advised him that \"if I had been in your place I would have shot a hole in him big enough to see what he had for last meal.\" His friend then recommends he buy a pistol and \"shoot the H--l out of the first man that attempts to molest [him].\" Later letters from his sister and brother-in-law, Alice and Ira MacFarland, relate stories of gold mining and ranching in Nevada.","This series is arranged chronologically.","Series II: Invitations, 1874-1935, includes invitations to events in and around Oxford, New York, and other locations. It contains two subseries: Subseries I: Weddings and Anniversaries, 1874-1935, and Subseries II: Graduations and Reunions, 1890-1900. Subseries I includes weddings and anniversary party invitations and announcements. Many of these have place cards attached. Subseries II contains invitations to graduation and reunion events at the Oxford Academy, some of which have attached calling cards.","This series is arranged chronologically within each subseries. ","George Stratton (1823-1910) married Mariette Robinson (abt. 1824-1865) in January 1845. They had six children, all born in Oxford, New York: William Avery (1845-1939), Edward L. (b. December 1847), Harvey J. (b. January 1850), Luke A. (1853-1862), Tracy Frink (b. June 1858), and Alice Robinson (b. February 1864). Some time between 1866 and 1870, George married his first wife's cousin, Maria A. Robinson. George and his four sons who survived to adulthood were all involved in dairy farming and lumber work at one time or another. Stratton seems to have worked in both business, probably in an office capacity, after mid-1881.","Although some details of Stratton's life are unknown, a great deal can be found in the letters. He spent much of his life in parts of Chenango County, New York. He never married. He went to the Oxford Academy, which continued to serve (in an expanded form), as the central school district for Oxford. Around 1866, he attended business college in Poughkeepsie, New York. ","In 1870 and early 1871, Stratton seems to have been looking for work. After a brief trip to visit family and friends in Mississippi and Georgia in the spring of 1871, he settled in Washington, DC, having taken a clerk position with the Office of Internal Revenue, Treasury Department. In 1877, he left the Treasury Department and traveled in California and Oregon. Letters from his trip, as well as after, suggest he may be been looking to find work there. He was back in Oxford the next year, however. By the spring of 1879, Stratton was working for Lord and Taylor in New York City. In 1881, he moved to Othello, Mississippi. Some time after May 1881, he returned again to Chenango County. It is unclear if he remained with the family business(es) or found other work. He died in 1939. His sister, Alice, was his only sibling still alive at that time. ","The guide to the William Avery Stratton Correspondence by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the William Avery Stratton Correspondence commenced in August 2009 and was completed in September 2009.","The collection contains correspondence to William Avery Stratton from friends and family. Letters date from as early as the American Civil War (1864) to the year after Stratton's death (1940). For the most part, letters are about social and family news, though some of the early letters contain Civil War and post-bellum news from the South. Letters from friends in Oregon, Colorado, and Nevada also provide details on Indian affairs, railroad growth, and cattle in the West. The collection also contains a large number of wedding and graduation invitations for events in Oxford, New York, where Stratton spent much of his life.","A significant portion of the family correspondence shares news from places around the country. There is also an emphasis on family business (the selling of butter from the farm, land, and stock dividends, for example) and local politics. Stratton's extended family lived throughout central and eastern New York, as well as in other parts of the country, and appear often throughout the correspondence both as writers and topics. In addition to  Stratton s, other connected families include the  Chase s, the  Robinson s, the  Ten Brock s ( Ten Broeck s) and the  Juliand s. A list of major correspondents by decade is provided under \"Series I: Correspondence\" below.","Note:  There is very little correspondence for the period of June 1882 through November 1890, and none for the period of 1920 to 1934. ","In addition to letters, the collection also contains a series of wedding and graduation invitations. During the second half of his life, while living predominantly in Oxford, New York, Stratton appears to have been a popular invitee. Many of the graduation invitations are for his old school, the Oxford Academy. Other materials include miscellaneous photographs and business papers.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains correspondence to William Avery Stratton from friends and family. Letters date from as early as the American Civil War (1864) to the year after Stratton's death (1940). For the most part, letters are about social and family news, though some of the early letters contain Civil War and post-bellum news from the South. Letters from friends in Oregon, Colorado, and Nevada also provide details on Indian affairs, railroad growth, and cattle in the West. The collection also contains a large number of wedding and graduation invitations for events in Oxford, New York, where Stratton spent much of his life.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Stratton family (Oxford, New York)","Stratton","Chase","Robinson","Ten Brock","Ten Broeck","Juliand","Currier, Lottie (Charlotte?) Lewis","Chase, Hattie","Brown, Alice","Robinson, Charles L.","MacFarland, Ira","MacFarland, Alice Stratton, b.1864","Juliand, Sarah Stratton","Stratton, Tracy Frink, b.1858","Stratton, Harvey J., b.1850","Stratton, George, 1823-1910","Stratton, Edward L., b.1847","Stratton, William Avery, 1845-1939","The material in the collection is in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2009.114"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William Avery Stratton Correspondence"],"collection_title_tesim":["William Avery Stratton Correspondence"],"collection_ssim":["William Avery Stratton Correspondence"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Currier, Lottie (Charlotte?) Lewis","Chase, Hattie","Brown, Alice","Stratton family (Oxford, New York)","Robinson, Charles L.","MacFarland, Ira","MacFarland, Alice Stratton, b.1864","Juliand, Sarah Stratton","Stratton, Tracy Frink, b.1858","Stratton, Harvey J., b.1850","Stratton, George, 1823-1910","Stratton, Edward L., b.1847","Stratton, William Avery, 1845-1939"],"creator_ssim":["Currier, Lottie (Charlotte?) Lewis","Chase, Hattie","Brown, Alice","Stratton family (Oxford, New York)","Robinson, Charles L.","MacFarland, Ira","MacFarland, Alice Stratton, b.1864","Juliand, Sarah Stratton","Stratton, Tracy Frink, b.1858","Stratton, Harvey J., b.1850","Stratton, George, 1823-1910","Stratton, Edward L., b.1847","Stratton, William Avery, 1845-1939"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Currier, Lottie (Charlotte?) Lewis","Chase, Hattie","Brown, Alice","Robinson, Charles L.","MacFarland, Ira","MacFarland, Alice Stratton, b.1864","Juliand, Sarah Stratton","Stratton, Tracy Frink, b.1858","Stratton, Harvey J., b.1850","Stratton, George, 1823-1910","Stratton, Edward L., b.1847","Stratton, William Avery, 1845-1939"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Stratton family (Oxford, New York)"],"creators_ssim":["Currier, Lottie (Charlotte?) Lewis","Chase, Hattie","Brown, Alice","Robinson, Charles L.","MacFarland, Ira","MacFarland, Alice Stratton, b.1864","Juliand, Sarah Stratton","Stratton, Tracy Frink, b.1858","Stratton, Harvey J., b.1850","Stratton, George, 1823-1910","Stratton, Edward L., b.1847","Stratton, William Avery, 1845-1939","Stratton family (Oxford, New York)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The William Avery Stratton Correspondence was purchased by Special Collections before 2000."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.4 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2.4 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in three series–Series I: Correspondence, 1864-1940, Series II: Invitations, 1874-1935, and Series III: Ephemera. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Correspondence, 1864-1940, contains more than 75 years of personal and business letters written to, and in a few cases, by, Stratton. A majority of the letters are from immediate and extended family. The remainder are from friends and business associates. In addition to his own jobs over the years, Stratton appears to have facilitated business transactions for his family's dairy.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHattie Chase (Stratton's cousin), wrote Stratton a number of letters from Georgia concerning treatment and perceptions of African-Americans in the south after the American Civil War. Her letters continue into the early 1870s. After 1871, Stratton's brother, Edward, also writes about African-Americans, when he moved to Bolton, Mississippi, for a job with Robinson \u0026amp; Withers, later Robinson \u0026amp; Williams, then C. L. Robinson \u0026amp; Co. Charles L. Robinson was probably a relation through William and Edward's mother and step-mother.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eStarting in 1878, Stratton received letters from a cousin, Eli Ten Brock, and a number of other friends living out west. These letters contain discussion of troubles with Indians, the growth of the railroad, and cattle driving in Oregon, Colorado, Nevada, and Texas. These were not the only colorful characters with whom he corresponded. After an unknown attack of some kind while living in Mississippi, a friend advised him that \"if I had been in your place I would have shot a hole in him big enough to see what he had for last meal.\" His friend then recommends he buy a pistol and \"shoot the H--l out of the first man that attempts to molest [him].\" Later letters from his sister and brother-in-law, Alice and Ira MacFarland, relate stories of gold mining and ranching in Nevada.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Invitations, 1874-1935, includes invitations to events in and around Oxford, New York, and other locations. It contains two subseries: Subseries I: Weddings and Anniversaries, 1874-1935, and Subseries II: Graduations and Reunions, 1890-1900. Subseries I includes weddings and anniversary party invitations and announcements. Many of these have place cards attached. Subseries II contains invitations to graduation and reunion events at the Oxford Academy, some of which have attached calling cards.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis series is arranged chronologically within each subseries. \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in three series–Series I: Correspondence, 1864-1940, Series II: Invitations, 1874-1935, and Series III: Ephemera. ","Series I: Correspondence, 1864-1940, contains more than 75 years of personal and business letters written to, and in a few cases, by, Stratton. A majority of the letters are from immediate and extended family. The remainder are from friends and business associates. In addition to his own jobs over the years, Stratton appears to have facilitated business transactions for his family's dairy.","Hattie Chase (Stratton's cousin), wrote Stratton a number of letters from Georgia concerning treatment and perceptions of African-Americans in the south after the American Civil War. Her letters continue into the early 1870s. After 1871, Stratton's brother, Edward, also writes about African-Americans, when he moved to Bolton, Mississippi, for a job with Robinson \u0026 Withers, later Robinson \u0026 Williams, then C. L. Robinson \u0026 Co. Charles L. Robinson was probably a relation through William and Edward's mother and step-mother.","Starting in 1878, Stratton received letters from a cousin, Eli Ten Brock, and a number of other friends living out west. These letters contain discussion of troubles with Indians, the growth of the railroad, and cattle driving in Oregon, Colorado, Nevada, and Texas. These were not the only colorful characters with whom he corresponded. After an unknown attack of some kind while living in Mississippi, a friend advised him that \"if I had been in your place I would have shot a hole in him big enough to see what he had for last meal.\" His friend then recommends he buy a pistol and \"shoot the H--l out of the first man that attempts to molest [him].\" Later letters from his sister and brother-in-law, Alice and Ira MacFarland, relate stories of gold mining and ranching in Nevada.","This series is arranged chronologically.","Series II: Invitations, 1874-1935, includes invitations to events in and around Oxford, New York, and other locations. It contains two subseries: Subseries I: Weddings and Anniversaries, 1874-1935, and Subseries II: Graduations and Reunions, 1890-1900. Subseries I includes weddings and anniversary party invitations and announcements. Many of these have place cards attached. Subseries II contains invitations to graduation and reunion events at the Oxford Academy, some of which have attached calling cards.","This series is arranged chronologically within each subseries. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Stratton (1823-1910) married Mariette Robinson (abt. 1824-1865) in January 1845. They had six children, all born in Oxford, New York: William Avery (1845-1939), Edward L. (b. December 1847), Harvey J. (b. January 1850), Luke A. (1853-1862), Tracy Frink (b. June 1858), and Alice Robinson (b. February 1864). Some time between 1866 and 1870, George married his first wife's cousin, Maria A. Robinson. George and his four sons who survived to adulthood were all involved in dairy farming and lumber work at one time or another. Stratton seems to have worked in both business, probably in an office capacity, after mid-1881.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlthough some details of Stratton's life are unknown, a great deal can be found in the letters. He spent much of his life in parts of Chenango County, New York. He never married. He went to the Oxford Academy, which continued to serve (in an expanded form), as the central school district for Oxford. Around 1866, he attended business college in Poughkeepsie, New York. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1870 and early 1871, Stratton seems to have been looking for work. After a brief trip to visit family and friends in Mississippi and Georgia in the spring of 1871, he settled in Washington, DC, having taken a clerk position with the Office of Internal Revenue, Treasury Department. In 1877, he left the Treasury Department and traveled in California and Oregon. Letters from his trip, as well as after, suggest he may be been looking to find work there. He was back in Oxford the next year, however. By the spring of 1879, Stratton was working for Lord and Taylor in New York City. In 1881, he moved to Othello, Mississippi. Some time after May 1881, he returned again to Chenango County. It is unclear if he remained with the family business(es) or found other work. He died in 1939. His sister, Alice, was his only sibling still alive at that time. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["George Stratton (1823-1910) married Mariette Robinson (abt. 1824-1865) in January 1845. They had six children, all born in Oxford, New York: William Avery (1845-1939), Edward L. (b. December 1847), Harvey J. (b. January 1850), Luke A. (1853-1862), Tracy Frink (b. June 1858), and Alice Robinson (b. February 1864). Some time between 1866 and 1870, George married his first wife's cousin, Maria A. Robinson. George and his four sons who survived to adulthood were all involved in dairy farming and lumber work at one time or another. Stratton seems to have worked in both business, probably in an office capacity, after mid-1881.","Although some details of Stratton's life are unknown, a great deal can be found in the letters. He spent much of his life in parts of Chenango County, New York. He never married. He went to the Oxford Academy, which continued to serve (in an expanded form), as the central school district for Oxford. Around 1866, he attended business college in Poughkeepsie, New York. ","In 1870 and early 1871, Stratton seems to have been looking for work. After a brief trip to visit family and friends in Mississippi and Georgia in the spring of 1871, he settled in Washington, DC, having taken a clerk position with the Office of Internal Revenue, Treasury Department. In 1877, he left the Treasury Department and traveled in California and Oregon. Letters from his trip, as well as after, suggest he may be been looking to find work there. He was back in Oxford the next year, however. By the spring of 1879, Stratton was working for Lord and Taylor in New York City. In 1881, he moved to Othello, Mississippi. Some time after May 1881, he returned again to Chenango County. It is unclear if he remained with the family business(es) or found other work. He died in 1939. His sister, Alice, was his only sibling still alive at that time. "],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the William Avery Stratton Correspondence by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the William Avery Stratton Correspondence by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], William Avery Stratton Correspondence, Ms2009-114, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], William Avery Stratton Correspondence, Ms2009-114, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the William Avery Stratton Correspondence commenced in August 2009 and was completed in September 2009.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the William Avery Stratton Correspondence commenced in August 2009 and was completed in September 2009."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains correspondence to William Avery Stratton from friends and family. Letters date from as early as the American Civil War (1864) to the year after Stratton's death (1940). For the most part, letters are about social and family news, though some of the early letters contain Civil War and post-bellum news from the South. Letters from friends in Oregon, Colorado, and Nevada also provide details on Indian affairs, railroad growth, and cattle in the West. The collection also contains a large number of wedding and graduation invitations for events in Oxford, New York, where Stratton spent much of his life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA significant portion of the family correspondence shares news from places around the country. There is also an emphasis on family business (the selling of butter from the farm, land, and stock dividends, for example) and local politics. Stratton's extended family lived throughout central and eastern New York, as well as in other parts of the country, and appear often throughout the correspondence both as writers and topics. In addition to \u003cfamname normal=\"Stratton family\"\u003eStratton\u003c/famname\u003es, other connected families include the \u003cfamname normal=\"Chase family\"\u003eChase\u003c/famname\u003es, the \u003cfamname normal=\"Robinson family\"\u003eRobinson\u003c/famname\u003es, the \u003cfamname normal=\"Ten Brock family\"\u003eTen Brock\u003c/famname\u003es (\u003cfamname normal=\"Ten Brock family\"\u003eTen Broeck\u003c/famname\u003es) and the \u003cfamname normal=\"Juliand family\"\u003eJuliand\u003c/famname\u003es. A list of major correspondents by decade is provided under \"Series I: Correspondence\" below.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNote:\u003c/emph\u003e There is very little correspondence for the period of June 1882 through November 1890, and none for the period of 1920 to 1934. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to letters, the collection also contains a series of wedding and graduation invitations. During the second half of his life, while living predominantly in Oxford, New York, Stratton appears to have been a popular invitee. Many of the graduation invitations are for his old school, the Oxford Academy. Other materials include miscellaneous photographs and business papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains correspondence to William Avery Stratton from friends and family. Letters date from as early as the American Civil War (1864) to the year after Stratton's death (1940). For the most part, letters are about social and family news, though some of the early letters contain Civil War and post-bellum news from the South. Letters from friends in Oregon, Colorado, and Nevada also provide details on Indian affairs, railroad growth, and cattle in the West. The collection also contains a large number of wedding and graduation invitations for events in Oxford, New York, where Stratton spent much of his life.","A significant portion of the family correspondence shares news from places around the country. There is also an emphasis on family business (the selling of butter from the farm, land, and stock dividends, for example) and local politics. Stratton's extended family lived throughout central and eastern New York, as well as in other parts of the country, and appear often throughout the correspondence both as writers and topics. In addition to  Stratton s, other connected families include the  Chase s, the  Robinson s, the  Ten Brock s ( Ten Broeck s) and the  Juliand s. A list of major correspondents by decade is provided under \"Series I: Correspondence\" below.","Note:  There is very little correspondence for the period of June 1882 through November 1890, and none for the period of 1920 to 1934. ","In addition to letters, the collection also contains a series of wedding and graduation invitations. During the second half of his life, while living predominantly in Oxford, New York, Stratton appears to have been a popular invitee. Many of the graduation invitations are for his old school, the Oxford Academy. Other materials include miscellaneous photographs and business papers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a2c557dbed680fa65195ca0d39786ac4\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains correspondence to William Avery Stratton from friends and family. Letters date from as early as the American Civil War (1864) to the year after Stratton's death (1940). For the most part, letters are about social and family news, though some of the early letters contain Civil War and post-bellum news from the South. Letters from friends in Oregon, Colorado, and Nevada also provide details on Indian affairs, railroad growth, and cattle in the West. The collection also contains a large number of wedding and graduation invitations for events in Oxford, New York, where Stratton spent much of his life.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains correspondence to William Avery Stratton from friends and family. Letters date from as early as the American Civil War (1864) to the year after Stratton's death (1940). For the most part, letters are about social and family news, though some of the early letters contain Civil War and post-bellum news from the South. Letters from friends in Oregon, Colorado, and Nevada also provide details on Indian affairs, railroad growth, and cattle in the West. The collection also contains a large number of wedding and graduation invitations for events in Oxford, New York, where Stratton spent much of his life."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Stratton family (Oxford, New York)","Stratton","Chase","Robinson","Ten Brock","Ten Broeck","Juliand","Currier, Lottie (Charlotte?) Lewis","Chase, Hattie","Brown, Alice","Robinson, Charles L.","MacFarland, Ira","MacFarland, Alice Stratton, b.1864","Juliand, Sarah Stratton","Stratton, Tracy Frink, b.1858","Stratton, Harvey J., b.1850","Stratton, George, 1823-1910","Stratton, Edward L., b.1847","Stratton, William Avery, 1845-1939"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Stratton family (Oxford, New York)"],"famname_ssim":["Stratton family (Oxford, New York)","Stratton","Chase","Robinson","Ten Brock","Ten Broeck","Juliand"],"persname_ssim":["Currier, Lottie (Charlotte?) Lewis","Chase, Hattie","Brown, Alice","Robinson, Charles L.","MacFarland, Ira","MacFarland, Alice Stratton, b.1864","Juliand, Sarah Stratton","Stratton, Tracy Frink, b.1858","Stratton, Harvey J., b.1850","Stratton, George, 1823-1910","Stratton, Edward L., b.1847","Stratton, William Avery, 1845-1939"],"language_ssim":["The material in the collection is in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":31,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:37:41.395Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2533","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2533","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2533","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2533","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2533.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Stratton, William Avery, Correspondence","title_ssm":["William Avery Stratton Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["William Avery Stratton Correspondence"],"unitdate_ssm":["1864-1940","1864-1880"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1864-1880"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1864-1940"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2009.114"],"text":["Ms.2009.114","William Avery Stratton Correspondence","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged in three series–Series I: Correspondence, 1864-1940, Series II: Invitations, 1874-1935, and Series III: Ephemera. ","Series I: Correspondence, 1864-1940, contains more than 75 years of personal and business letters written to, and in a few cases, by, Stratton. A majority of the letters are from immediate and extended family. The remainder are from friends and business associates. In addition to his own jobs over the years, Stratton appears to have facilitated business transactions for his family's dairy.","Hattie Chase (Stratton's cousin), wrote Stratton a number of letters from Georgia concerning treatment and perceptions of African-Americans in the south after the American Civil War. Her letters continue into the early 1870s. After 1871, Stratton's brother, Edward, also writes about African-Americans, when he moved to Bolton, Mississippi, for a job with Robinson \u0026 Withers, later Robinson \u0026 Williams, then C. L. Robinson \u0026 Co. Charles L. Robinson was probably a relation through William and Edward's mother and step-mother.","Starting in 1878, Stratton received letters from a cousin, Eli Ten Brock, and a number of other friends living out west. These letters contain discussion of troubles with Indians, the growth of the railroad, and cattle driving in Oregon, Colorado, Nevada, and Texas. These were not the only colorful characters with whom he corresponded. After an unknown attack of some kind while living in Mississippi, a friend advised him that \"if I had been in your place I would have shot a hole in him big enough to see what he had for last meal.\" His friend then recommends he buy a pistol and \"shoot the H--l out of the first man that attempts to molest [him].\" Later letters from his sister and brother-in-law, Alice and Ira MacFarland, relate stories of gold mining and ranching in Nevada.","This series is arranged chronologically.","Series II: Invitations, 1874-1935, includes invitations to events in and around Oxford, New York, and other locations. It contains two subseries: Subseries I: Weddings and Anniversaries, 1874-1935, and Subseries II: Graduations and Reunions, 1890-1900. Subseries I includes weddings and anniversary party invitations and announcements. Many of these have place cards attached. Subseries II contains invitations to graduation and reunion events at the Oxford Academy, some of which have attached calling cards.","This series is arranged chronologically within each subseries. ","George Stratton (1823-1910) married Mariette Robinson (abt. 1824-1865) in January 1845. They had six children, all born in Oxford, New York: William Avery (1845-1939), Edward L. (b. December 1847), Harvey J. (b. January 1850), Luke A. (1853-1862), Tracy Frink (b. June 1858), and Alice Robinson (b. February 1864). Some time between 1866 and 1870, George married his first wife's cousin, Maria A. Robinson. George and his four sons who survived to adulthood were all involved in dairy farming and lumber work at one time or another. Stratton seems to have worked in both business, probably in an office capacity, after mid-1881.","Although some details of Stratton's life are unknown, a great deal can be found in the letters. He spent much of his life in parts of Chenango County, New York. He never married. He went to the Oxford Academy, which continued to serve (in an expanded form), as the central school district for Oxford. Around 1866, he attended business college in Poughkeepsie, New York. ","In 1870 and early 1871, Stratton seems to have been looking for work. After a brief trip to visit family and friends in Mississippi and Georgia in the spring of 1871, he settled in Washington, DC, having taken a clerk position with the Office of Internal Revenue, Treasury Department. In 1877, he left the Treasury Department and traveled in California and Oregon. Letters from his trip, as well as after, suggest he may be been looking to find work there. He was back in Oxford the next year, however. By the spring of 1879, Stratton was working for Lord and Taylor in New York City. In 1881, he moved to Othello, Mississippi. Some time after May 1881, he returned again to Chenango County. It is unclear if he remained with the family business(es) or found other work. He died in 1939. His sister, Alice, was his only sibling still alive at that time. ","The guide to the William Avery Stratton Correspondence by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the William Avery Stratton Correspondence commenced in August 2009 and was completed in September 2009.","The collection contains correspondence to William Avery Stratton from friends and family. Letters date from as early as the American Civil War (1864) to the year after Stratton's death (1940). For the most part, letters are about social and family news, though some of the early letters contain Civil War and post-bellum news from the South. Letters from friends in Oregon, Colorado, and Nevada also provide details on Indian affairs, railroad growth, and cattle in the West. The collection also contains a large number of wedding and graduation invitations for events in Oxford, New York, where Stratton spent much of his life.","A significant portion of the family correspondence shares news from places around the country. There is also an emphasis on family business (the selling of butter from the farm, land, and stock dividends, for example) and local politics. Stratton's extended family lived throughout central and eastern New York, as well as in other parts of the country, and appear often throughout the correspondence both as writers and topics. In addition to  Stratton s, other connected families include the  Chase s, the  Robinson s, the  Ten Brock s ( Ten Broeck s) and the  Juliand s. A list of major correspondents by decade is provided under \"Series I: Correspondence\" below.","Note:  There is very little correspondence for the period of June 1882 through November 1890, and none for the period of 1920 to 1934. ","In addition to letters, the collection also contains a series of wedding and graduation invitations. During the second half of his life, while living predominantly in Oxford, New York, Stratton appears to have been a popular invitee. Many of the graduation invitations are for his old school, the Oxford Academy. Other materials include miscellaneous photographs and business papers.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains correspondence to William Avery Stratton from friends and family. Letters date from as early as the American Civil War (1864) to the year after Stratton's death (1940). For the most part, letters are about social and family news, though some of the early letters contain Civil War and post-bellum news from the South. Letters from friends in Oregon, Colorado, and Nevada also provide details on Indian affairs, railroad growth, and cattle in the West. The collection also contains a large number of wedding and graduation invitations for events in Oxford, New York, where Stratton spent much of his life.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Stratton family (Oxford, New York)","Stratton","Chase","Robinson","Ten Brock","Ten Broeck","Juliand","Currier, Lottie (Charlotte?) Lewis","Chase, Hattie","Brown, Alice","Robinson, Charles L.","MacFarland, Ira","MacFarland, Alice Stratton, b.1864","Juliand, Sarah Stratton","Stratton, Tracy Frink, b.1858","Stratton, Harvey J., b.1850","Stratton, George, 1823-1910","Stratton, Edward L., b.1847","Stratton, William Avery, 1845-1939","The material in the collection is in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2009.114"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William Avery Stratton Correspondence"],"collection_title_tesim":["William Avery Stratton Correspondence"],"collection_ssim":["William Avery Stratton Correspondence"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Currier, Lottie (Charlotte?) Lewis","Chase, Hattie","Brown, Alice","Stratton family (Oxford, New York)","Robinson, Charles L.","MacFarland, Ira","MacFarland, Alice Stratton, b.1864","Juliand, Sarah Stratton","Stratton, Tracy Frink, b.1858","Stratton, Harvey J., b.1850","Stratton, George, 1823-1910","Stratton, Edward L., b.1847","Stratton, William Avery, 1845-1939"],"creator_ssim":["Currier, Lottie (Charlotte?) Lewis","Chase, Hattie","Brown, Alice","Stratton family (Oxford, New York)","Robinson, Charles L.","MacFarland, Ira","MacFarland, Alice Stratton, b.1864","Juliand, Sarah Stratton","Stratton, Tracy Frink, b.1858","Stratton, Harvey J., b.1850","Stratton, George, 1823-1910","Stratton, Edward L., b.1847","Stratton, William Avery, 1845-1939"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Currier, Lottie (Charlotte?) Lewis","Chase, Hattie","Brown, Alice","Robinson, Charles L.","MacFarland, Ira","MacFarland, Alice Stratton, b.1864","Juliand, Sarah Stratton","Stratton, Tracy Frink, b.1858","Stratton, Harvey J., b.1850","Stratton, George, 1823-1910","Stratton, Edward L., b.1847","Stratton, William Avery, 1845-1939"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Stratton family (Oxford, New York)"],"creators_ssim":["Currier, Lottie (Charlotte?) Lewis","Chase, Hattie","Brown, Alice","Robinson, Charles L.","MacFarland, Ira","MacFarland, Alice Stratton, b.1864","Juliand, Sarah Stratton","Stratton, Tracy Frink, b.1858","Stratton, Harvey J., b.1850","Stratton, George, 1823-1910","Stratton, Edward L., b.1847","Stratton, William Avery, 1845-1939","Stratton family (Oxford, New York)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The William Avery Stratton Correspondence was purchased by Special Collections before 2000."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.4 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2.4 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in three series–Series I: Correspondence, 1864-1940, Series II: Invitations, 1874-1935, and Series III: Ephemera. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Correspondence, 1864-1940, contains more than 75 years of personal and business letters written to, and in a few cases, by, Stratton. A majority of the letters are from immediate and extended family. The remainder are from friends and business associates. In addition to his own jobs over the years, Stratton appears to have facilitated business transactions for his family's dairy.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHattie Chase (Stratton's cousin), wrote Stratton a number of letters from Georgia concerning treatment and perceptions of African-Americans in the south after the American Civil War. Her letters continue into the early 1870s. After 1871, Stratton's brother, Edward, also writes about African-Americans, when he moved to Bolton, Mississippi, for a job with Robinson \u0026amp; Withers, later Robinson \u0026amp; Williams, then C. L. Robinson \u0026amp; Co. Charles L. Robinson was probably a relation through William and Edward's mother and step-mother.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eStarting in 1878, Stratton received letters from a cousin, Eli Ten Brock, and a number of other friends living out west. These letters contain discussion of troubles with Indians, the growth of the railroad, and cattle driving in Oregon, Colorado, Nevada, and Texas. These were not the only colorful characters with whom he corresponded. After an unknown attack of some kind while living in Mississippi, a friend advised him that \"if I had been in your place I would have shot a hole in him big enough to see what he had for last meal.\" His friend then recommends he buy a pistol and \"shoot the H--l out of the first man that attempts to molest [him].\" Later letters from his sister and brother-in-law, Alice and Ira MacFarland, relate stories of gold mining and ranching in Nevada.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Invitations, 1874-1935, includes invitations to events in and around Oxford, New York, and other locations. It contains two subseries: Subseries I: Weddings and Anniversaries, 1874-1935, and Subseries II: Graduations and Reunions, 1890-1900. Subseries I includes weddings and anniversary party invitations and announcements. Many of these have place cards attached. Subseries II contains invitations to graduation and reunion events at the Oxford Academy, some of which have attached calling cards.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis series is arranged chronologically within each subseries. \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in three series–Series I: Correspondence, 1864-1940, Series II: Invitations, 1874-1935, and Series III: Ephemera. ","Series I: Correspondence, 1864-1940, contains more than 75 years of personal and business letters written to, and in a few cases, by, Stratton. A majority of the letters are from immediate and extended family. The remainder are from friends and business associates. In addition to his own jobs over the years, Stratton appears to have facilitated business transactions for his family's dairy.","Hattie Chase (Stratton's cousin), wrote Stratton a number of letters from Georgia concerning treatment and perceptions of African-Americans in the south after the American Civil War. Her letters continue into the early 1870s. After 1871, Stratton's brother, Edward, also writes about African-Americans, when he moved to Bolton, Mississippi, for a job with Robinson \u0026 Withers, later Robinson \u0026 Williams, then C. L. Robinson \u0026 Co. Charles L. Robinson was probably a relation through William and Edward's mother and step-mother.","Starting in 1878, Stratton received letters from a cousin, Eli Ten Brock, and a number of other friends living out west. These letters contain discussion of troubles with Indians, the growth of the railroad, and cattle driving in Oregon, Colorado, Nevada, and Texas. These were not the only colorful characters with whom he corresponded. After an unknown attack of some kind while living in Mississippi, a friend advised him that \"if I had been in your place I would have shot a hole in him big enough to see what he had for last meal.\" His friend then recommends he buy a pistol and \"shoot the H--l out of the first man that attempts to molest [him].\" Later letters from his sister and brother-in-law, Alice and Ira MacFarland, relate stories of gold mining and ranching in Nevada.","This series is arranged chronologically.","Series II: Invitations, 1874-1935, includes invitations to events in and around Oxford, New York, and other locations. It contains two subseries: Subseries I: Weddings and Anniversaries, 1874-1935, and Subseries II: Graduations and Reunions, 1890-1900. Subseries I includes weddings and anniversary party invitations and announcements. Many of these have place cards attached. Subseries II contains invitations to graduation and reunion events at the Oxford Academy, some of which have attached calling cards.","This series is arranged chronologically within each subseries. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Stratton (1823-1910) married Mariette Robinson (abt. 1824-1865) in January 1845. They had six children, all born in Oxford, New York: William Avery (1845-1939), Edward L. (b. December 1847), Harvey J. (b. January 1850), Luke A. (1853-1862), Tracy Frink (b. June 1858), and Alice Robinson (b. February 1864). Some time between 1866 and 1870, George married his first wife's cousin, Maria A. Robinson. George and his four sons who survived to adulthood were all involved in dairy farming and lumber work at one time or another. Stratton seems to have worked in both business, probably in an office capacity, after mid-1881.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlthough some details of Stratton's life are unknown, a great deal can be found in the letters. He spent much of his life in parts of Chenango County, New York. He never married. He went to the Oxford Academy, which continued to serve (in an expanded form), as the central school district for Oxford. Around 1866, he attended business college in Poughkeepsie, New York. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1870 and early 1871, Stratton seems to have been looking for work. After a brief trip to visit family and friends in Mississippi and Georgia in the spring of 1871, he settled in Washington, DC, having taken a clerk position with the Office of Internal Revenue, Treasury Department. In 1877, he left the Treasury Department and traveled in California and Oregon. Letters from his trip, as well as after, suggest he may be been looking to find work there. He was back in Oxford the next year, however. By the spring of 1879, Stratton was working for Lord and Taylor in New York City. In 1881, he moved to Othello, Mississippi. Some time after May 1881, he returned again to Chenango County. It is unclear if he remained with the family business(es) or found other work. He died in 1939. His sister, Alice, was his only sibling still alive at that time. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["George Stratton (1823-1910) married Mariette Robinson (abt. 1824-1865) in January 1845. They had six children, all born in Oxford, New York: William Avery (1845-1939), Edward L. (b. December 1847), Harvey J. (b. January 1850), Luke A. (1853-1862), Tracy Frink (b. June 1858), and Alice Robinson (b. February 1864). Some time between 1866 and 1870, George married his first wife's cousin, Maria A. Robinson. George and his four sons who survived to adulthood were all involved in dairy farming and lumber work at one time or another. Stratton seems to have worked in both business, probably in an office capacity, after mid-1881.","Although some details of Stratton's life are unknown, a great deal can be found in the letters. He spent much of his life in parts of Chenango County, New York. He never married. He went to the Oxford Academy, which continued to serve (in an expanded form), as the central school district for Oxford. Around 1866, he attended business college in Poughkeepsie, New York. ","In 1870 and early 1871, Stratton seems to have been looking for work. After a brief trip to visit family and friends in Mississippi and Georgia in the spring of 1871, he settled in Washington, DC, having taken a clerk position with the Office of Internal Revenue, Treasury Department. In 1877, he left the Treasury Department and traveled in California and Oregon. Letters from his trip, as well as after, suggest he may be been looking to find work there. He was back in Oxford the next year, however. By the spring of 1879, Stratton was working for Lord and Taylor in New York City. In 1881, he moved to Othello, Mississippi. Some time after May 1881, he returned again to Chenango County. It is unclear if he remained with the family business(es) or found other work. He died in 1939. His sister, Alice, was his only sibling still alive at that time. "],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the William Avery Stratton Correspondence by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the William Avery Stratton Correspondence by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], William Avery Stratton Correspondence, Ms2009-114, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], William Avery Stratton Correspondence, Ms2009-114, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the William Avery Stratton Correspondence commenced in August 2009 and was completed in September 2009.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the William Avery Stratton Correspondence commenced in August 2009 and was completed in September 2009."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains correspondence to William Avery Stratton from friends and family. Letters date from as early as the American Civil War (1864) to the year after Stratton's death (1940). For the most part, letters are about social and family news, though some of the early letters contain Civil War and post-bellum news from the South. Letters from friends in Oregon, Colorado, and Nevada also provide details on Indian affairs, railroad growth, and cattle in the West. The collection also contains a large number of wedding and graduation invitations for events in Oxford, New York, where Stratton spent much of his life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA significant portion of the family correspondence shares news from places around the country. There is also an emphasis on family business (the selling of butter from the farm, land, and stock dividends, for example) and local politics. Stratton's extended family lived throughout central and eastern New York, as well as in other parts of the country, and appear often throughout the correspondence both as writers and topics. In addition to \u003cfamname normal=\"Stratton family\"\u003eStratton\u003c/famname\u003es, other connected families include the \u003cfamname normal=\"Chase family\"\u003eChase\u003c/famname\u003es, the \u003cfamname normal=\"Robinson family\"\u003eRobinson\u003c/famname\u003es, the \u003cfamname normal=\"Ten Brock family\"\u003eTen Brock\u003c/famname\u003es (\u003cfamname normal=\"Ten Brock family\"\u003eTen Broeck\u003c/famname\u003es) and the \u003cfamname normal=\"Juliand family\"\u003eJuliand\u003c/famname\u003es. A list of major correspondents by decade is provided under \"Series I: Correspondence\" below.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNote:\u003c/emph\u003e There is very little correspondence for the period of June 1882 through November 1890, and none for the period of 1920 to 1934. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to letters, the collection also contains a series of wedding and graduation invitations. During the second half of his life, while living predominantly in Oxford, New York, Stratton appears to have been a popular invitee. Many of the graduation invitations are for his old school, the Oxford Academy. Other materials include miscellaneous photographs and business papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains correspondence to William Avery Stratton from friends and family. Letters date from as early as the American Civil War (1864) to the year after Stratton's death (1940). For the most part, letters are about social and family news, though some of the early letters contain Civil War and post-bellum news from the South. Letters from friends in Oregon, Colorado, and Nevada also provide details on Indian affairs, railroad growth, and cattle in the West. The collection also contains a large number of wedding and graduation invitations for events in Oxford, New York, where Stratton spent much of his life.","A significant portion of the family correspondence shares news from places around the country. There is also an emphasis on family business (the selling of butter from the farm, land, and stock dividends, for example) and local politics. Stratton's extended family lived throughout central and eastern New York, as well as in other parts of the country, and appear often throughout the correspondence both as writers and topics. In addition to  Stratton s, other connected families include the  Chase s, the  Robinson s, the  Ten Brock s ( Ten Broeck s) and the  Juliand s. A list of major correspondents by decade is provided under \"Series I: Correspondence\" below.","Note:  There is very little correspondence for the period of June 1882 through November 1890, and none for the period of 1920 to 1934. ","In addition to letters, the collection also contains a series of wedding and graduation invitations. During the second half of his life, while living predominantly in Oxford, New York, Stratton appears to have been a popular invitee. Many of the graduation invitations are for his old school, the Oxford Academy. Other materials include miscellaneous photographs and business papers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a2c557dbed680fa65195ca0d39786ac4\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains correspondence to William Avery Stratton from friends and family. Letters date from as early as the American Civil War (1864) to the year after Stratton's death (1940). For the most part, letters are about social and family news, though some of the early letters contain Civil War and post-bellum news from the South. Letters from friends in Oregon, Colorado, and Nevada also provide details on Indian affairs, railroad growth, and cattle in the West. The collection also contains a large number of wedding and graduation invitations for events in Oxford, New York, where Stratton spent much of his life.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains correspondence to William Avery Stratton from friends and family. Letters date from as early as the American Civil War (1864) to the year after Stratton's death (1940). For the most part, letters are about social and family news, though some of the early letters contain Civil War and post-bellum news from the South. Letters from friends in Oregon, Colorado, and Nevada also provide details on Indian affairs, railroad growth, and cattle in the West. The collection also contains a large number of wedding and graduation invitations for events in Oxford, New York, where Stratton spent much of his life."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Stratton family (Oxford, New York)","Stratton","Chase","Robinson","Ten Brock","Ten Broeck","Juliand","Currier, Lottie (Charlotte?) Lewis","Chase, Hattie","Brown, Alice","Robinson, Charles L.","MacFarland, Ira","MacFarland, Alice Stratton, b.1864","Juliand, Sarah Stratton","Stratton, Tracy Frink, b.1858","Stratton, Harvey J., b.1850","Stratton, George, 1823-1910","Stratton, Edward L., b.1847","Stratton, William Avery, 1845-1939"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Stratton family (Oxford, New York)"],"famname_ssim":["Stratton family (Oxford, New York)","Stratton","Chase","Robinson","Ten Brock","Ten Broeck","Juliand"],"persname_ssim":["Currier, Lottie (Charlotte?) Lewis","Chase, Hattie","Brown, Alice","Robinson, Charles L.","MacFarland, Ira","MacFarland, Alice Stratton, b.1864","Juliand, Sarah Stratton","Stratton, Tracy Frink, b.1858","Stratton, Harvey J., b.1850","Stratton, George, 1823-1910","Stratton, Edward L., b.1847","Stratton, William Avery, 1845-1939"],"language_ssim":["The material in the collection is in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":31,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:37:41.395Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2533"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1732","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"William Beninger Correspondence","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1732#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Beninger, William","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1732#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Three letters from William Beninger (or William Benninger), a private in Company H, 6th Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery during the American Civil War, written to his sister from points in Virginia, with general mentions of food, clothing, camp life, and Confederate guerillas and a prediction that the war will soon be over.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1732#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1732","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1732","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1732","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1732","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1732.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Beninger, William Correspondence","title_ssm":["William Beninger Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["William Beninger Correspondence"],"unitdate_ssm":["1864-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1864-1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1989.107"],"text":["Ms.1989.107","William Beninger Correspondence","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","The collection is open for research.","Although the correspondent clearly signs his name as \"Beninger,\" most records relating to this soldier spell the name \"Benninger.\" William Benninger, 23, enlisted as a private for one year's service in Battery H, 6th Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery at Pittsburgh on August 29, 1864. He mustered out with his battery on June 13, 1865. The 1890 veterans census shows William Benninger of the 6th Pennsylvania living in Burell [Burrell] (Westmoreland County), Pennsylvania. According to a Pennsylvania veterans burial card, William Benninger of the 6th Pennsylvania was buried in Bethel Cemetery, Lower Burrel township; other records show that William Benninger (1840-1902), son of William and Sarah Spiker Benninger, was buried in Bethel Cemetery in Lower Bethel with wife Annie C. Woolslayer Benninger (1853-1899).","The guide to the William Beninger Correspondence by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing and description of the William Beninger Correspondence commenced and was completed in March 2022.","This collection contains three letters written by William Beninger (or William Benninger) while serving in Battery H, 6th Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery during the American Civil War, addressed to his sister. Writing from Fairfax County, Virginia on November 4, 1864, Beninger expresses thanks for a package of envelopes received, as those available locally \"cost from 35 to 40 cts a package and will hardly hold a letter,\" and his hope that the regiment will soon move to the Baltimore \u0026 Ohio Railroad. (\"And I ant a caring how soon for this is a rough place if it gits icy.\") Beninger adds that \"apple pearings ... are scarce out here\" and that he recently sent his father a letter with a lot of pumpkin seeds. Bennett writes from Fort Ethan Allen, Virginia on November 27, 1864, to thank his sister for the gloves recently received and to request other clothing and food. In a letter written at Fort Bennett, Virginia on March 7, 1865, Beninger expresses his intent to send part of his pay home, then reports that \"the boys are all Smoking sigars and all in a good youmour,\" and predicts that the war will soon be over. He writes that \"there was Some few rebbles at Falls church and at Fairfax court house but it was only a few gurrillows and a drunk,\" then relays news of mutual acquaintances in his battery.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Three letters from William Beninger (or William Benninger), a private in Company H, 6th Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery during the American Civil War, written to his sister from points in Virginia, with general mentions of food, clothing, camp life,  and Confederate guerillas and a prediction that the war will soon be over.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Beninger, William","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1989.107"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William Beninger Correspondence"],"collection_title_tesim":["William Beninger Correspondence"],"collection_ssim":["William Beninger Correspondence"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Beninger, William"],"creator_ssim":["Beninger, William"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Beninger, William"],"creators_ssim":["Beninger, William"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The William Beninger Correpondence was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 1989."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1864,1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlthough the correspondent clearly signs his name as \"Beninger,\" most records relating to this soldier spell the name \"Benninger.\" William Benninger, 23, enlisted as a private for one year's service in Battery H, 6th Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery at Pittsburgh on August 29, 1864. He mustered out with his battery on June 13, 1865. The 1890 veterans census shows William Benninger of the 6th Pennsylvania living in Burell [Burrell] (Westmoreland County), Pennsylvania. According to a Pennsylvania veterans burial card, William Benninger of the 6th Pennsylvania was buried in Bethel Cemetery, Lower Burrel township; other records show that William Benninger (1840-1902), son of William and Sarah Spiker Benninger, was buried in Bethel Cemetery in Lower Bethel with wife Annie C. Woolslayer Benninger (1853-1899).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Although the correspondent clearly signs his name as \"Beninger,\" most records relating to this soldier spell the name \"Benninger.\" William Benninger, 23, enlisted as a private for one year's service in Battery H, 6th Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery at Pittsburgh on August 29, 1864. He mustered out with his battery on June 13, 1865. The 1890 veterans census shows William Benninger of the 6th Pennsylvania living in Burell [Burrell] (Westmoreland County), Pennsylvania. According to a Pennsylvania veterans burial card, William Benninger of the 6th Pennsylvania was buried in Bethel Cemetery, Lower Burrel township; other records show that William Benninger (1840-1902), son of William and Sarah Spiker Benninger, was buried in Bethel Cemetery in Lower Bethel with wife Annie C. Woolslayer Benninger (1853-1899)."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the William Beninger Correspondence by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the William Beninger Correspondence by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], William Beninger Correspondence, Ms1989-107, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], William Beninger Correspondence, Ms1989-107, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and description of the William Beninger Correspondence commenced and was completed in March 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and description of the William Beninger Correspondence commenced and was completed in March 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains three letters written by William Beninger (or William Benninger) while serving in Battery H, 6th Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery during the American Civil War, addressed to his sister. Writing from Fairfax County, Virginia on November 4, 1864, Beninger expresses thanks for a package of envelopes received, as those available locally \"cost from 35 to 40 cts a package and will hardly hold a letter,\" and his hope that the regiment will soon move to the Baltimore \u0026amp; Ohio Railroad. (\"And I ant a caring how soon for this is a rough place if it gits icy.\") Beninger adds that \"apple pearings ... are scarce out here\" and that he recently sent his father a letter with a lot of pumpkin seeds. Bennett writes from Fort Ethan Allen, Virginia on November 27, 1864, to thank his sister for the gloves recently received and to request other clothing and food. In a letter written at Fort Bennett, Virginia on March 7, 1865, Beninger expresses his intent to send part of his pay home, then reports that \"the boys are all Smoking sigars and all in a good youmour,\" and predicts that the war will soon be over. He writes that \"there was Some few rebbles at Falls church and at Fairfax court house but it was only a few gurrillows and a drunk,\" then relays news of mutual acquaintances in his battery.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains three letters written by William Beninger (or William Benninger) while serving in Battery H, 6th Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery during the American Civil War, addressed to his sister. Writing from Fairfax County, Virginia on November 4, 1864, Beninger expresses thanks for a package of envelopes received, as those available locally \"cost from 35 to 40 cts a package and will hardly hold a letter,\" and his hope that the regiment will soon move to the Baltimore \u0026 Ohio Railroad. (\"And I ant a caring how soon for this is a rough place if it gits icy.\") Beninger adds that \"apple pearings ... are scarce out here\" and that he recently sent his father a letter with a lot of pumpkin seeds. Bennett writes from Fort Ethan Allen, Virginia on November 27, 1864, to thank his sister for the gloves recently received and to request other clothing and food. In a letter written at Fort Bennett, Virginia on March 7, 1865, Beninger expresses his intent to send part of his pay home, then reports that \"the boys are all Smoking sigars and all in a good youmour,\" and predicts that the war will soon be over. He writes that \"there was Some few rebbles at Falls church and at Fairfax court house but it was only a few gurrillows and a drunk,\" then relays news of mutual acquaintances in his battery."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3149067d36e4c7455c29e98cc7615590\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThree letters from William Beninger (or William Benninger), a private in Company H, 6th Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery during the American Civil War, written to his sister from points in Virginia, with general mentions of food, clothing, camp life,  and Confederate guerillas and a prediction that the war will soon be over.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Three letters from William Beninger (or William Benninger), a private in Company H, 6th Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery during the American Civil War, written to his sister from points in Virginia, with general mentions of food, clothing, camp life,  and Confederate guerillas and a prediction that the war will soon be over."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Beninger, William"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Beninger, William"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:36:20.615Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1732","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1732","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1732","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1732","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1732.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Beninger, William Correspondence","title_ssm":["William Beninger Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["William Beninger Correspondence"],"unitdate_ssm":["1864-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1864-1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1989.107"],"text":["Ms.1989.107","William Beninger Correspondence","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","The collection is open for research.","Although the correspondent clearly signs his name as \"Beninger,\" most records relating to this soldier spell the name \"Benninger.\" William Benninger, 23, enlisted as a private for one year's service in Battery H, 6th Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery at Pittsburgh on August 29, 1864. He mustered out with his battery on June 13, 1865. The 1890 veterans census shows William Benninger of the 6th Pennsylvania living in Burell [Burrell] (Westmoreland County), Pennsylvania. According to a Pennsylvania veterans burial card, William Benninger of the 6th Pennsylvania was buried in Bethel Cemetery, Lower Burrel township; other records show that William Benninger (1840-1902), son of William and Sarah Spiker Benninger, was buried in Bethel Cemetery in Lower Bethel with wife Annie C. Woolslayer Benninger (1853-1899).","The guide to the William Beninger Correspondence by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing and description of the William Beninger Correspondence commenced and was completed in March 2022.","This collection contains three letters written by William Beninger (or William Benninger) while serving in Battery H, 6th Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery during the American Civil War, addressed to his sister. Writing from Fairfax County, Virginia on November 4, 1864, Beninger expresses thanks for a package of envelopes received, as those available locally \"cost from 35 to 40 cts a package and will hardly hold a letter,\" and his hope that the regiment will soon move to the Baltimore \u0026 Ohio Railroad. (\"And I ant a caring how soon for this is a rough place if it gits icy.\") Beninger adds that \"apple pearings ... are scarce out here\" and that he recently sent his father a letter with a lot of pumpkin seeds. Bennett writes from Fort Ethan Allen, Virginia on November 27, 1864, to thank his sister for the gloves recently received and to request other clothing and food. In a letter written at Fort Bennett, Virginia on March 7, 1865, Beninger expresses his intent to send part of his pay home, then reports that \"the boys are all Smoking sigars and all in a good youmour,\" and predicts that the war will soon be over. He writes that \"there was Some few rebbles at Falls church and at Fairfax court house but it was only a few gurrillows and a drunk,\" then relays news of mutual acquaintances in his battery.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Three letters from William Beninger (or William Benninger), a private in Company H, 6th Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery during the American Civil War, written to his sister from points in Virginia, with general mentions of food, clothing, camp life,  and Confederate guerillas and a prediction that the war will soon be over.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Beninger, William","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1989.107"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William Beninger Correspondence"],"collection_title_tesim":["William Beninger Correspondence"],"collection_ssim":["William Beninger Correspondence"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Beninger, William"],"creator_ssim":["Beninger, William"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Beninger, William"],"creators_ssim":["Beninger, William"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The William Beninger Correpondence was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 1989."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1864,1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlthough the correspondent clearly signs his name as \"Beninger,\" most records relating to this soldier spell the name \"Benninger.\" William Benninger, 23, enlisted as a private for one year's service in Battery H, 6th Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery at Pittsburgh on August 29, 1864. He mustered out with his battery on June 13, 1865. The 1890 veterans census shows William Benninger of the 6th Pennsylvania living in Burell [Burrell] (Westmoreland County), Pennsylvania. According to a Pennsylvania veterans burial card, William Benninger of the 6th Pennsylvania was buried in Bethel Cemetery, Lower Burrel township; other records show that William Benninger (1840-1902), son of William and Sarah Spiker Benninger, was buried in Bethel Cemetery in Lower Bethel with wife Annie C. Woolslayer Benninger (1853-1899).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Although the correspondent clearly signs his name as \"Beninger,\" most records relating to this soldier spell the name \"Benninger.\" William Benninger, 23, enlisted as a private for one year's service in Battery H, 6th Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery at Pittsburgh on August 29, 1864. He mustered out with his battery on June 13, 1865. The 1890 veterans census shows William Benninger of the 6th Pennsylvania living in Burell [Burrell] (Westmoreland County), Pennsylvania. According to a Pennsylvania veterans burial card, William Benninger of the 6th Pennsylvania was buried in Bethel Cemetery, Lower Burrel township; other records show that William Benninger (1840-1902), son of William and Sarah Spiker Benninger, was buried in Bethel Cemetery in Lower Bethel with wife Annie C. Woolslayer Benninger (1853-1899)."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the William Beninger Correspondence by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the William Beninger Correspondence by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], William Beninger Correspondence, Ms1989-107, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], William Beninger Correspondence, Ms1989-107, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and description of the William Beninger Correspondence commenced and was completed in March 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and description of the William Beninger Correspondence commenced and was completed in March 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains three letters written by William Beninger (or William Benninger) while serving in Battery H, 6th Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery during the American Civil War, addressed to his sister. Writing from Fairfax County, Virginia on November 4, 1864, Beninger expresses thanks for a package of envelopes received, as those available locally \"cost from 35 to 40 cts a package and will hardly hold a letter,\" and his hope that the regiment will soon move to the Baltimore \u0026amp; Ohio Railroad. (\"And I ant a caring how soon for this is a rough place if it gits icy.\") Beninger adds that \"apple pearings ... are scarce out here\" and that he recently sent his father a letter with a lot of pumpkin seeds. Bennett writes from Fort Ethan Allen, Virginia on November 27, 1864, to thank his sister for the gloves recently received and to request other clothing and food. In a letter written at Fort Bennett, Virginia on March 7, 1865, Beninger expresses his intent to send part of his pay home, then reports that \"the boys are all Smoking sigars and all in a good youmour,\" and predicts that the war will soon be over. He writes that \"there was Some few rebbles at Falls church and at Fairfax court house but it was only a few gurrillows and a drunk,\" then relays news of mutual acquaintances in his battery.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains three letters written by William Beninger (or William Benninger) while serving in Battery H, 6th Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery during the American Civil War, addressed to his sister. Writing from Fairfax County, Virginia on November 4, 1864, Beninger expresses thanks for a package of envelopes received, as those available locally \"cost from 35 to 40 cts a package and will hardly hold a letter,\" and his hope that the regiment will soon move to the Baltimore \u0026 Ohio Railroad. (\"And I ant a caring how soon for this is a rough place if it gits icy.\") Beninger adds that \"apple pearings ... are scarce out here\" and that he recently sent his father a letter with a lot of pumpkin seeds. Bennett writes from Fort Ethan Allen, Virginia on November 27, 1864, to thank his sister for the gloves recently received and to request other clothing and food. In a letter written at Fort Bennett, Virginia on March 7, 1865, Beninger expresses his intent to send part of his pay home, then reports that \"the boys are all Smoking sigars and all in a good youmour,\" and predicts that the war will soon be over. He writes that \"there was Some few rebbles at Falls church and at Fairfax court house but it was only a few gurrillows and a drunk,\" then relays news of mutual acquaintances in his battery."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3149067d36e4c7455c29e98cc7615590\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThree letters from William Beninger (or William Benninger), a private in Company H, 6th Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery during the American Civil War, written to his sister from points in Virginia, with general mentions of food, clothing, camp life,  and Confederate guerillas and a prediction that the war will soon be over.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Three letters from William Beninger (or William Benninger), a private in Company H, 6th Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery during the American Civil War, written to his sister from points in Virginia, with general mentions of food, clothing, camp life,  and Confederate guerillas and a prediction that the war will soon be over."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Beninger, William"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Beninger, William"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:36:20.615Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1732"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3864","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"William B. Turner Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3864#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Turner, William B., 1834-1912","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3864#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The William B. Turner Papers include a memoir about the Battle of the Wilderness in 1864, discharge and other military papers, correspondence, and family papers. Turner (1834-1912) served during the American Civil War in the Union Army with the 27th New York Light Battery, or the Buffalo Light Battery Company. Following his service, he worked as a printer in Buffalo.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3864#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3864","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3864","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3864","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3864","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3864.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Turner, William B., Papers","title_ssm":["William B. Turner Papers"],"title_tesim":["William B. Turner Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1864-1938"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1864-1938"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2022.044"],"text":["Ms.2022.044","William B. Turner Papers","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Wilderness, Battle of the, Va., 1864","The collection is open for research.","William B. Turner was born December 25, 1834 in Lockport, New York, and lived until February 22, 1912. Turner was a veteran of the American Civil War, during which he served in the Union Army with the 27th New York Light Battery, or the Buffalo Light Battery Company. By the time Turner left the army, he had attained the rank of Sergeant. After he left the army, Turner returned to Buffalo, where he returned to work as a printer. Turner married Caroline Brainerd on February 10, 1870. The two had at least five children together: George Harris, William Brainerd, Richard Heafford, Henry Clay, and Cornelia Elizabeth.","The guide to the William B. Turner Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the William B. Turner Papers commenced and completed in August 2022.","This collection contains the papers of William B. Turner, a Union soldier in the American Civil War. His memoir entitled, \"Waifs: Or, Rough-Notes of the Life of a Soldier Boy!\" was written by Turner about the Battle of the Wilderness from the April 16 and June 1, 1864. The collection also has Turner's discharge papers from the 27th New York Light Battery, a letter from Turner to the Commissioner of Pensions about his pension, and a letter from the Commissioner replying to Turner. The collection includes other military documents and family papers belonging to Turner and family.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The William B. Turner Papers include a memoir about the Battle of the Wilderness in 1864, discharge and other military papers, correspondence, and family papers. Turner (1834-1912) served during the American Civil War in the Union Army with the 27th New York Light Battery, or the Buffalo Light Battery Company. Following his service, he worked as a printer in Buffalo.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Turner, William B., 1834-1912","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2022.044"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William B. Turner Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["William B. Turner Papers"],"collection_ssim":["William B. Turner Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Turner, William B., 1834-1912"],"creator_ssim":["Turner, William B., 1834-1912"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Turner, William B., 1834-1912"],"creators_ssim":["Turner, William B., 1834-1912"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The William B. Turner Papers was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 2014."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Wilderness, Battle of the, Va., 1864"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Wilderness, Battle of the, Va., 1864"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam B. Turner was born December 25, 1834 in Lockport, New York, and lived until February 22, 1912. Turner was a veteran of the American Civil War, during which he served in the Union Army with the 27th New York Light Battery, or the Buffalo Light Battery Company. By the time Turner left the army, he had attained the rank of Sergeant. After he left the army, Turner returned to Buffalo, where he returned to work as a printer. Turner married Caroline Brainerd on February 10, 1870. The two had at least five children together: George Harris, William Brainerd, Richard Heafford, Henry Clay, and Cornelia Elizabeth.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["William B. Turner was born December 25, 1834 in Lockport, New York, and lived until February 22, 1912. Turner was a veteran of the American Civil War, during which he served in the Union Army with the 27th New York Light Battery, or the Buffalo Light Battery Company. By the time Turner left the army, he had attained the rank of Sergeant. After he left the army, Turner returned to Buffalo, where he returned to work as a printer. Turner married Caroline Brainerd on February 10, 1870. The two had at least five children together: George Harris, William Brainerd, Richard Heafford, Henry Clay, and Cornelia Elizabeth."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the William B. Turner Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the William B. Turner Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [item], [folder], William B. Turner Papers, 1864-1938, Ms2022-044, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [item], [folder], William B. Turner Papers, 1864-1938, Ms2022-044, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the William B. 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Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_915c26847ac0f612cc6e992200f15ad0\"\u003eThe William B. Turner Papers include a memoir about the Battle of the Wilderness in 1864, discharge and other military papers, correspondence, and family papers. Turner (1834-1912) served during the American Civil War in the Union Army with the 27th New York Light Battery, or the Buffalo Light Battery Company. Following his service, he worked as a printer in Buffalo.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The William B. Turner Papers include a memoir about the Battle of the Wilderness in 1864, discharge and other military papers, correspondence, and family papers. Turner (1834-1912) served during the American Civil War in the Union Army with the 27th New York Light Battery, or the Buffalo Light Battery Company. Following his service, he worked as a printer in Buffalo."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Turner, William B., 1834-1912"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Turner, William B., 1834-1912"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":9,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:35:30.687Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3864","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3864","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3864","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3864","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3864.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Turner, William B., Papers","title_ssm":["William B. Turner Papers"],"title_tesim":["William B. 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The collection includes other military documents and family papers belonging to Turner and family.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The William B. Turner Papers include a memoir about the Battle of the Wilderness in 1864, discharge and other military papers, correspondence, and family papers. 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Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The William B. Turner Papers was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 2014."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Wilderness, Battle of the, Va., 1864"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Wilderness, Battle of the, Va., 1864"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam B. Turner was born December 25, 1834 in Lockport, New York, and lived until February 22, 1912. Turner was a veteran of the American Civil War, during which he served in the Union Army with the 27th New York Light Battery, or the Buffalo Light Battery Company. By the time Turner left the army, he had attained the rank of Sergeant. After he left the army, Turner returned to Buffalo, where he returned to work as a printer. Turner married Caroline Brainerd on February 10, 1870. The two had at least five children together: George Harris, William Brainerd, Richard Heafford, Henry Clay, and Cornelia Elizabeth.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["William B. Turner was born December 25, 1834 in Lockport, New York, and lived until February 22, 1912. Turner was a veteran of the American Civil War, during which he served in the Union Army with the 27th New York Light Battery, or the Buffalo Light Battery Company. By the time Turner left the army, he had attained the rank of Sergeant. After he left the army, Turner returned to Buffalo, where he returned to work as a printer. Turner married Caroline Brainerd on February 10, 1870. The two had at least five children together: George Harris, William Brainerd, Richard Heafford, Henry Clay, and Cornelia Elizabeth."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the William B. Turner Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the William B. Turner Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [item], [folder], William B. Turner Papers, 1864-1938, Ms2022-044, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [item], [folder], William B. Turner Papers, 1864-1938, Ms2022-044, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the William B. 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Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_915c26847ac0f612cc6e992200f15ad0\"\u003eThe William B. Turner Papers include a memoir about the Battle of the Wilderness in 1864, discharge and other military papers, correspondence, and family papers. Turner (1834-1912) served during the American Civil War in the Union Army with the 27th New York Light Battery, or the Buffalo Light Battery Company. Following his service, he worked as a printer in Buffalo.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The William B. Turner Papers include a memoir about the Battle of the Wilderness in 1864, discharge and other military papers, correspondence, and family papers. Turner (1834-1912) served during the American Civil War in the Union Army with the 27th New York Light Battery, or the Buffalo Light Battery Company. 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