{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=City+planning\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1978","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=City+planning\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1978\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":4,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1898","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Beverly Willis Architectural Collection","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1898#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Willis, Beverly, 1928-","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1898#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Beverly Willis Architectural Collection span the years 1954 to 1999 and are comprised primarily of records documenting Willis' work as an architect in San Francisco between 1960 and 1990. The collection documents the application of computers to architectural design and land analysis, the development of CARLA (Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis) in the 1970s, the history of twentieth-century urban planning, particularly in San Francisco; and the contribution of women to twentieth-century American architecture. Willis, a noted artist, photographer, teacher, and writer, employed the full range of visual arts and design skills to influence and guide architectural projects of major significance.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1898#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1898","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1898","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1898","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1898","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1898.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Willis, Beverly Architectural Collection","title_ssm":["Beverly Willis Architectural Collection"],"title_tesim":["Beverly Willis Architectural Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1954-1999"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1954-1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1992.019"],"text":["Ms.1992.019","Beverly Willis Architectural Collection","San Francisco (Calif.)","Architects and community","Housing -- United States","City planning","Architecture -- Computer-aided design","Women -- History","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Architectural drawings (visual works)","Collection is open to research.","Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","The collection has been arranged into a  Project Index.  which is a way to organize the various formats of architectural records from the same project. The index is arranged by project number and contains information, where available, about the location, date, project type, architect, collaborators, and formats for each project in the collection.","A Summary of the  Project Index.   is listed below.  Consult the  Project Index.   for location information.  ","Beverly Willis, FAIA Architect, artist, and writer, was one of perhaps three women architects in the United States to own her own sizeable architecture firm between 1958 and 1990 and the only woman in San Francisco, California, to have her own practice there for 17 years. Her book,  Invisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture,  published by the National Building Museum, describes her design philosophy.","She was the first woman appointed to the Building Research Advisory Board of the National Academy of Science, the first appointed to the Federal Construction Council, and its first woman chair. She was the first woman elected president of the American Institute of Architects, California Council; and the Golden Gate Chapter of Lambda Alpha Society.","Willis played a major role in the revitalization of San Francisco neighborhoods after World War II. She renovated commercial spaces in the Jackson Square area and Union Street, redesigned Glide Church, designed the San Francisco Ballet Building, and won an international competition to design the Yerba Buena Gardens development downtown.","Beverly Willis was born February 17, 1928, in Tulsa, Oklahoma, to Ralph William Willis, founder of the National Tool Company, and Margaret Elizabeth Porter, a nurse. She had one sibling, Ralph Gerald Willis. Both Willis and her brother were placed in an orphanage when their parents divorced in 1934.","Taking advantage of the increased opportunities available to women with the advent of World War II, Willis learned welding, riveting, electrical wiring, carpentry, and how to fly an airplane--skills that reflected the fiercely independent qualities that emerged in her personality when she was in the institutional environment of the orphanage. After the war, she enrolled in an aeronautical engineering program at Oregon State University, but withdrew after two years to work at a lithographer's studio. She then studied at the San Francisco Art Institute until relocating to Hawaii. In 1954 she received a B.A. in Fine Art from the University of Hawaii.","After graduation, Willis received a series of design commissions that led to her interest in architecture. Fueled by the friendship and ideas of entrepreneur Henry Kaiser, Willis returned to San Francisco in 1960 to open a firm that designed furniture and interiors for offices, created mixed-media art for clients that included United Airlines, and re-worked supermarket displays. Despite her rural sensibility, Willis began to immerse herself in urban designs. She found that her interests ran parallel to those of San Francisco architects like William Wurster and Joseph Esherick.","Willis' first major architectural project was the conversion of three Victorian buildings into a retail complex on Union Street in San Francisco. Her design, which proved a financial success almost immediately, influenced the renovation of the rest of the street between present-day Gough and Pierce streets.","Meeting the experience and education requirements of the California State Architectural Licensing Board in 1966, Willis became a licensed architect and the only woman in San Francisco with her own firm, Beverly Willis and Associates. This firm assumed a partnership with would-be principal architect David Coldoff that year, a partnership that lasted until 1980. Despite the heavy demands of her practice, Willis also found time to serve on the U.S. Government delegation to the United Nations conference on Habitat, become a trustee and founder of the National Building Museum in 1976, and serve as the President of the California Chapter of the National Institute of Architects in 1979.","Willis' interest in the issues that affect planning, population density, and land-use economics with respect to large-scale development manifested itself in the creation of the computer program CARLA (Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis) in the 1970's. The software was developed by Willis with Eric Tiescholz and Jochen Eigen. With CARLA's completion and implementation, Willis and Associates became one of the first architectural firms to incorporate computers into the routine practices of design and land development.","Projects such as the prototype for the regional computer centers of the IRS and master-planning for a new town situated in Aliamanu Valley, Hawaii (1975), are good examples of her unique philosophy of design.","Throughout the 1970s, Willis' firm concentrated on large- scale housing and new-community planning and design. By espousing architecture of rural pragmatism and rooting it in ancient images and myths, Willis offered something new to the intellectual landscape of architectural design.","In 1997, the National Building Museum published Willis' book,  Invisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture,  in which she describes her buildings and design philosophy. In 1980, she was elected to the American Institute of Architects College of Fellows. In 1984, Willis received an honorary doctorate in Fine Arts from Mount Holyoke College.","By the early 1980s, Willis' design focus shifted to urban structures like the Yerba Buena Gardens redevelopment project (1980) and the San Francisco Ballet Association Building (1984). Smaller, but no less important, projects include Nob Hill Court (1971), Pacific Point Condominiums (1972), the Greenwich Apartment (1978), the Margaret Hayward Playground Building (1978), the (unbuilt) Shown Winery (1986), and the Mr. and Mrs. Richard Goeglin Pool House and Sculpture (1988).","Willis relocated her office and residence to New York City in 1991. Willis founded in 1994 the  Architectural Research Institute, Inc.  (through which the Manhattan Village Academy was designed). In 2002, she founded the  Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation , and she presently (2008) serves as the foundation's president. Her work and community leadership have been widely published (see bibliography). She is a founding trustee of the National Building Museum (1975-present). The Beverly Willis Library is located at the National Building Museum.","Much of the information in the biography was culled from the biography written for Beverly Willis by Nicolai Ouroussoff and included in  Invisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture , published in 1997 by the National Building Museum, Washington, DC.","Some of the information in the scope and content note was taken from an independent appraisal of the collection.","The bulk of the drawings in the Willis Papers were arranged and described before they were donated, and information about the arrangement of the collection was compiled in a searchable database that is available at the repository. Project records stored in record cartons have been inventoried and are included in the database and finding aid.","The first accession, which was arranged and described by Laura Katz Smith in 1995, was combined with subsequent accessions in 2003. A finding aid describing the complete collection was created by Catherine G. OBrion in 2003, using descriptions of materials in the archives database that was donated with the bulk of the collection in 2000.\nThe 2004 and 2009 additions were arranged and described by Sherrie Bowser in 2012. The project index arrangement was also included at this time.  ","The guide to the Beverly Willis Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The Beverly Willis Architectural Collection span the years 1954 to 1999 and are comprised primarily of records documenting Willis' work as an architect in San Francisco between 1960 and 1990. The collection documents the application of computers to architectural design and land analysis, the development of CARLA (Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis) in the 1970s, the history of twentieth-century urban planning, particularly in San Francisco; and the contribution of women to twentieth-century American architecture. Willis, a noted artist, photographer, teacher, and writer, employed the full range of visual arts and design skills to influence and guide architectural projects of major significance.","The bulk of the collection is comprised of Willis and Associates project files from the period 1960 to 1990. Projects range from private residences and residential developments to institutions, such as the San Francisco Ballet Association Building; and urban development projects, most notably the Yerba Buena Gardens project in downtown San Francisco. Also included are records and design documents for Aliamanu Valley New Town, a military base in Hawaii that was the first major project designed with CARLA, computer software for architectural design created by Willis; and records documenting the development of CARLA.","Project files are comprised of presentation drawings, slope analysis drawings, site plans, maps, cut-and-fill analysis plans, sketches, conceptual design drawings, construction drawings, as well as correspondence, research files, contracts, environmental impact statements and studies, financial records, and feasibility studies. There are records for more than 150 projects. Drawings are large folio, pen-and- ink or watercolor on paper, linen, or mylar. Some are heightened with color.","Also included is a series documenting the development of CARLA, Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis, in the 1970s. Beverly Willis was interested in issues that affected planning, population density, and land-use economics in relation to large-scale development. Along with Eric Tiescholz and Jochen Eigen, she developed a program that enabled architects, with the use of computers, to develop site plans and design techniques in a fraction of the time required by the old methodology. Records documenting the development of CARLA include computer tapes, correspondence, flow charts, memos, and Jochen Eigen's notes on interfacing CARLA with a computer mapping program in 1974.","The collection also contains a series of Publications, Brochures, and Clippings, which includes biographical information on Willis, Miscellaneous Project Records, and a video of the Yerba Buena Gardents development.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Please note:  Boxes 1-51 are located in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections for more information.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Willis and Associates","Willis, Beverly, 1928-","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1992.019"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Beverly Willis Architectural Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Beverly Willis Architectural Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Beverly Willis Architectural Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["San Francisco (Calif.)"],"geogname_ssim":["San Francisco (Calif.)"],"creator_ssm":["Willis, Beverly, 1928-"],"creator_ssim":["Willis, Beverly, 1928-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Willis, Beverly, 1928-"],"creators_ssim":["Willis, Beverly, 1928-"],"places_ssim":["San Francisco (Calif.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Beverly Willis donated samples of her designs to Virginia Tech in 1992. This gift was followed, in 2000, with a donation of the bulk of the records and designs from her architectural career.  Additional small accessions arrived in 2004 and 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Architects and community","Housing -- United States","City planning","Architecture -- Computer-aided design","Women -- History","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Architectural drawings (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Architects and community","Housing -- United States","City planning","Architecture -- Computer-aided design","Women -- History","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Architectural drawings (visual works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["100 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["100 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Architectural drawings (visual works)"],"date_range_isim":[1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/225\"\u003eSome of this collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been arranged into a \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/assets/documents/iawa/Ms1992-019pi.xls\" show=\"new\" title=\"Project Index\"\u003eProject Index.\u003c/extref\u003e which is a way to organize the various formats of architectural records from the same project. The index is arranged by project number and contains information, where available, about the location, date, project type, architect, collaborators, and formats for each project in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA Summary of the \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/assets/documents/iawa/Ms1992-019pi.xls\" show=\"new\" title=\"Project Index\"\u003eProject Index.\u003c/extref\u003e  is listed below.  Consult the \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/assets/documents/iawa/Ms1992-019pi.xls\" show=\"new\" title=\"Project Index\"\u003eProject Index.\u003c/extref\u003e  for location information.  \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection has been arranged into a  Project Index.  which is a way to organize the various formats of architectural records from the same project. The index is arranged by project number and contains information, where available, about the location, date, project type, architect, collaborators, and formats for each project in the collection.","A Summary of the  Project Index.   is listed below.  Consult the  Project Index.   for location information.  "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBeverly Willis, FAIA Architect, artist, and writer, was one of perhaps three women architects in the United States to own her own sizeable architecture firm between 1958 and 1990 and the only woman in San Francisco, California, to have her own practice there for 17 years. Her book, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eInvisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture,\u003c/title\u003e published by the National Building Museum, describes her design philosophy.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShe was the first woman appointed to the Building Research Advisory Board of the National Academy of Science, the first appointed to the Federal Construction Council, and its first woman chair. She was the first woman elected president of the American Institute of Architects, California Council; and the Golden Gate Chapter of Lambda Alpha Society.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWillis played a major role in the revitalization of San Francisco neighborhoods after World War II. She renovated commercial spaces in the Jackson Square area and Union Street, redesigned Glide Church, designed the San Francisco Ballet Building, and won an international competition to design the Yerba Buena Gardens development downtown.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBeverly Willis was born February 17, 1928, in Tulsa, Oklahoma, to Ralph William Willis, founder of the National Tool Company, and Margaret Elizabeth Porter, a nurse. She had one sibling, Ralph Gerald Willis. Both Willis and her brother were placed in an orphanage when their parents divorced in 1934.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTaking advantage of the increased opportunities available to women with the advent of World War II, Willis learned welding, riveting, electrical wiring, carpentry, and how to fly an airplane--skills that reflected the fiercely independent qualities that emerged in her personality when she was in the institutional environment of the orphanage. After the war, she enrolled in an aeronautical engineering program at Oregon State University, but withdrew after two years to work at a lithographer's studio. She then studied at the San Francisco Art Institute until relocating to Hawaii. In 1954 she received a B.A. in Fine Art from the University of Hawaii.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter graduation, Willis received a series of design commissions that led to her interest in architecture. Fueled by the friendship and ideas of entrepreneur Henry Kaiser, Willis returned to San Francisco in 1960 to open a firm that designed furniture and interiors for offices, created mixed-media art for clients that included United Airlines, and re-worked supermarket displays. Despite her rural sensibility, Willis began to immerse herself in urban designs. She found that her interests ran parallel to those of San Francisco architects like William Wurster and Joseph Esherick.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWillis' first major architectural project was the conversion of three Victorian buildings into a retail complex on Union Street in San Francisco. Her design, which proved a financial success almost immediately, influenced the renovation of the rest of the street between present-day Gough and Pierce streets.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMeeting the experience and education requirements of the California State Architectural Licensing Board in 1966, Willis became a licensed architect and the only woman in San Francisco with her own firm, Beverly Willis and Associates. This firm assumed a partnership with would-be principal architect David Coldoff that year, a partnership that lasted until 1980. Despite the heavy demands of her practice, Willis also found time to serve on the U.S. Government delegation to the United Nations conference on Habitat, become a trustee and founder of the National Building Museum in 1976, and serve as the President of the California Chapter of the National Institute of Architects in 1979.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWillis' interest in the issues that affect planning, population density, and land-use economics with respect to large-scale development manifested itself in the creation of the computer program CARLA (Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis) in the 1970's. The software was developed by Willis with Eric Tiescholz and Jochen Eigen. With CARLA's completion and implementation, Willis and Associates became one of the first architectural firms to incorporate computers into the routine practices of design and land development.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eProjects such as the prototype for the regional computer centers of the IRS and master-planning for a new town situated in Aliamanu Valley, Hawaii (1975), are good examples of her unique philosophy of design.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThroughout the 1970s, Willis' firm concentrated on large- scale housing and new-community planning and design. By espousing architecture of rural pragmatism and rooting it in ancient images and myths, Willis offered something new to the intellectual landscape of architectural design.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1997, the National Building Museum published Willis' book, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eInvisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture,\u003c/title\u003e in which she describes her buildings and design philosophy. In 1980, she was elected to the American Institute of Architects College of Fellows. In 1984, Willis received an honorary doctorate in Fine Arts from Mount Holyoke College.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy the early 1980s, Willis' design focus shifted to urban structures like the Yerba Buena Gardens redevelopment project (1980) and the San Francisco Ballet Association Building (1984). Smaller, but no less important, projects include Nob Hill Court (1971), Pacific Point Condominiums (1972), the Greenwich Apartment (1978), the Margaret Hayward Playground Building (1978), the (unbuilt) Shown Winery (1986), and the Mr. and Mrs. Richard Goeglin Pool House and Sculpture (1988).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWillis relocated her office and residence to New York City in 1991. Willis founded in 1994 the \u003cextref href=\"http://www.architect.org\" title=\"Architectural Research Institute, Inc.\"\u003eArchitectural Research Institute, Inc.\u003c/extref\u003e (through which the Manhattan Village Academy was designed). In 2002, she founded the \u003cextref href=\"http://www.bwaf.org/\" title=\"Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation\"\u003eBeverly Willis Architecture Foundation\u003c/extref\u003e, and she presently (2008) serves as the foundation's president. Her work and community leadership have been widely published (see bibliography). She is a founding trustee of the National Building Museum (1975-present). The Beverly Willis Library is located at the National Building Museum.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMuch of the information in the biography was culled from the biography written for Beverly Willis by Nicolai Ouroussoff and included in \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eInvisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture\u003c/title\u003e, published in 1997 by the National Building Museum, Washington, DC.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note","Source"],"bioghist_tesim":["Beverly Willis, FAIA Architect, artist, and writer, was one of perhaps three women architects in the United States to own her own sizeable architecture firm between 1958 and 1990 and the only woman in San Francisco, California, to have her own practice there for 17 years. Her book,  Invisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture,  published by the National Building Museum, describes her design philosophy.","She was the first woman appointed to the Building Research Advisory Board of the National Academy of Science, the first appointed to the Federal Construction Council, and its first woman chair. She was the first woman elected president of the American Institute of Architects, California Council; and the Golden Gate Chapter of Lambda Alpha Society.","Willis played a major role in the revitalization of San Francisco neighborhoods after World War II. She renovated commercial spaces in the Jackson Square area and Union Street, redesigned Glide Church, designed the San Francisco Ballet Building, and won an international competition to design the Yerba Buena Gardens development downtown.","Beverly Willis was born February 17, 1928, in Tulsa, Oklahoma, to Ralph William Willis, founder of the National Tool Company, and Margaret Elizabeth Porter, a nurse. She had one sibling, Ralph Gerald Willis. Both Willis and her brother were placed in an orphanage when their parents divorced in 1934.","Taking advantage of the increased opportunities available to women with the advent of World War II, Willis learned welding, riveting, electrical wiring, carpentry, and how to fly an airplane--skills that reflected the fiercely independent qualities that emerged in her personality when she was in the institutional environment of the orphanage. After the war, she enrolled in an aeronautical engineering program at Oregon State University, but withdrew after two years to work at a lithographer's studio. She then studied at the San Francisco Art Institute until relocating to Hawaii. In 1954 she received a B.A. in Fine Art from the University of Hawaii.","After graduation, Willis received a series of design commissions that led to her interest in architecture. Fueled by the friendship and ideas of entrepreneur Henry Kaiser, Willis returned to San Francisco in 1960 to open a firm that designed furniture and interiors for offices, created mixed-media art for clients that included United Airlines, and re-worked supermarket displays. Despite her rural sensibility, Willis began to immerse herself in urban designs. She found that her interests ran parallel to those of San Francisco architects like William Wurster and Joseph Esherick.","Willis' first major architectural project was the conversion of three Victorian buildings into a retail complex on Union Street in San Francisco. Her design, which proved a financial success almost immediately, influenced the renovation of the rest of the street between present-day Gough and Pierce streets.","Meeting the experience and education requirements of the California State Architectural Licensing Board in 1966, Willis became a licensed architect and the only woman in San Francisco with her own firm, Beverly Willis and Associates. This firm assumed a partnership with would-be principal architect David Coldoff that year, a partnership that lasted until 1980. Despite the heavy demands of her practice, Willis also found time to serve on the U.S. Government delegation to the United Nations conference on Habitat, become a trustee and founder of the National Building Museum in 1976, and serve as the President of the California Chapter of the National Institute of Architects in 1979.","Willis' interest in the issues that affect planning, population density, and land-use economics with respect to large-scale development manifested itself in the creation of the computer program CARLA (Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis) in the 1970's. The software was developed by Willis with Eric Tiescholz and Jochen Eigen. With CARLA's completion and implementation, Willis and Associates became one of the first architectural firms to incorporate computers into the routine practices of design and land development.","Projects such as the prototype for the regional computer centers of the IRS and master-planning for a new town situated in Aliamanu Valley, Hawaii (1975), are good examples of her unique philosophy of design.","Throughout the 1970s, Willis' firm concentrated on large- scale housing and new-community planning and design. By espousing architecture of rural pragmatism and rooting it in ancient images and myths, Willis offered something new to the intellectual landscape of architectural design.","In 1997, the National Building Museum published Willis' book,  Invisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture,  in which she describes her buildings and design philosophy. In 1980, she was elected to the American Institute of Architects College of Fellows. In 1984, Willis received an honorary doctorate in Fine Arts from Mount Holyoke College.","By the early 1980s, Willis' design focus shifted to urban structures like the Yerba Buena Gardens redevelopment project (1980) and the San Francisco Ballet Association Building (1984). Smaller, but no less important, projects include Nob Hill Court (1971), Pacific Point Condominiums (1972), the Greenwich Apartment (1978), the Margaret Hayward Playground Building (1978), the (unbuilt) Shown Winery (1986), and the Mr. and Mrs. Richard Goeglin Pool House and Sculpture (1988).","Willis relocated her office and residence to New York City in 1991. Willis founded in 1994 the  Architectural Research Institute, Inc.  (through which the Manhattan Village Academy was designed). In 2002, she founded the  Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation , and she presently (2008) serves as the foundation's president. Her work and community leadership have been widely published (see bibliography). She is a founding trustee of the National Building Museum (1975-present). The Beverly Willis Library is located at the National Building Museum.","Much of the information in the biography was culled from the biography written for Beverly Willis by Nicolai Ouroussoff and included in  Invisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture , published in 1997 by the National Building Museum, Washington, DC."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome of the information in the scope and content note was taken from an independent appraisal of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General note"],"odd_tesim":["Some of the information in the scope and content note was taken from an independent appraisal of the collection."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA file-level \u003cextref href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/iawa/inventories/Willis/Willis.html\" title=\"inventory\"\u003einventory\u003c/extref\u003e of letter- and legal-size project records is available at the repository.\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aid"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["A file-level  inventory  of letter- and legal-size project records is available at the repository."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Beverly Willis Architectural Collection, Ms1992-019, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Beverly Willis Architectural Collection, Ms1992-019, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the drawings in the Willis Papers were arranged and described before they were donated, and information about the arrangement of the collection was compiled in a searchable database that is available at the repository. Project records stored in record cartons have been inventoried and are included in the database and finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first accession, which was arranged and described by Laura Katz Smith in 1995, was combined with subsequent accessions in 2003. A finding aid describing the complete collection was created by Catherine G. OBrion in 2003, using descriptions of materials in the archives database that was donated with the bulk of the collection in 2000.\nThe 2004 and 2009 additions were arranged and described by Sherrie Bowser in 2012. The project index arrangement was also included at this time.  \u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The bulk of the drawings in the Willis Papers were arranged and described before they were donated, and information about the arrangement of the collection was compiled in a searchable database that is available at the repository. Project records stored in record cartons have been inventoried and are included in the database and finding aid.","The first accession, which was arranged and described by Laura Katz Smith in 1995, was combined with subsequent accessions in 2003. A finding aid describing the complete collection was created by Catherine G. OBrion in 2003, using descriptions of materials in the archives database that was donated with the bulk of the collection in 2000.\nThe 2004 and 2009 additions were arranged and described by Sherrie Bowser in 2012. The project index arrangement was also included at this time.  "],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Beverly Willis Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The guide to the Beverly Willis Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Beverly Willis Architectural Collection span the years 1954 to 1999 and are comprised primarily of records documenting Willis' work as an architect in San Francisco between 1960 and 1990. The collection documents the application of computers to architectural design and land analysis, the development of CARLA (Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis) in the 1970s, the history of twentieth-century urban planning, particularly in San Francisco; and the contribution of women to twentieth-century American architecture. Willis, a noted artist, photographer, teacher, and writer, employed the full range of visual arts and design skills to influence and guide architectural projects of major significance.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the collection is comprised of Willis and Associates project files from the period 1960 to 1990. Projects range from private residences and residential developments to institutions, such as the San Francisco Ballet Association Building; and urban development projects, most notably the Yerba Buena Gardens project in downtown San Francisco. Also included are records and design documents for Aliamanu Valley New Town, a military base in Hawaii that was the first major project designed with CARLA, computer software for architectural design created by Willis; and records documenting the development of CARLA.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eProject files are comprised of presentation drawings, slope analysis drawings, site plans, maps, cut-and-fill analysis plans, sketches, conceptual design drawings, construction drawings, as well as correspondence, research files, contracts, environmental impact statements and studies, financial records, and feasibility studies. There are records for more than 150 projects. Drawings are large folio, pen-and- ink or watercolor on paper, linen, or mylar. Some are heightened with color.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso included is a series documenting the development of CARLA, Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis, in the 1970s. Beverly Willis was interested in issues that affected planning, population density, and land-use economics in relation to large-scale development. Along with Eric Tiescholz and Jochen Eigen, she developed a program that enabled architects, with the use of computers, to develop site plans and design techniques in a fraction of the time required by the old methodology. Records documenting the development of CARLA include computer tapes, correspondence, flow charts, memos, and Jochen Eigen's notes on interfacing CARLA with a computer mapping program in 1974.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a series of Publications, Brochures, and Clippings, which includes biographical information on Willis, Miscellaneous Project Records, and a video of the Yerba Buena Gardents development.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Beverly Willis Architectural Collection span the years 1954 to 1999 and are comprised primarily of records documenting Willis' work as an architect in San Francisco between 1960 and 1990. The collection documents the application of computers to architectural design and land analysis, the development of CARLA (Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis) in the 1970s, the history of twentieth-century urban planning, particularly in San Francisco; and the contribution of women to twentieth-century American architecture. Willis, a noted artist, photographer, teacher, and writer, employed the full range of visual arts and design skills to influence and guide architectural projects of major significance.","The bulk of the collection is comprised of Willis and Associates project files from the period 1960 to 1990. Projects range from private residences and residential developments to institutions, such as the San Francisco Ballet Association Building; and urban development projects, most notably the Yerba Buena Gardens project in downtown San Francisco. Also included are records and design documents for Aliamanu Valley New Town, a military base in Hawaii that was the first major project designed with CARLA, computer software for architectural design created by Willis; and records documenting the development of CARLA.","Project files are comprised of presentation drawings, slope analysis drawings, site plans, maps, cut-and-fill analysis plans, sketches, conceptual design drawings, construction drawings, as well as correspondence, research files, contracts, environmental impact statements and studies, financial records, and feasibility studies. There are records for more than 150 projects. Drawings are large folio, pen-and- ink or watercolor on paper, linen, or mylar. Some are heightened with color.","Also included is a series documenting the development of CARLA, Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis, in the 1970s. Beverly Willis was interested in issues that affected planning, population density, and land-use economics in relation to large-scale development. Along with Eric Tiescholz and Jochen Eigen, she developed a program that enabled architects, with the use of computers, to develop site plans and design techniques in a fraction of the time required by the old methodology. Records documenting the development of CARLA include computer tapes, correspondence, flow charts, memos, and Jochen Eigen's notes on interfacing CARLA with a computer mapping program in 1974.","The collection also contains a series of Publications, Brochures, and Clippings, which includes biographical information on Willis, Miscellaneous Project Records, and a video of the Yerba Buena Gardents development."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_174a3dc5cc0f306ff98b4fcaecbf2059\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease note:\u003c/emph\u003e Boxes 1-51 are located in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections for more information.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Please note:  Boxes 1-51 are located in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections for more information."],"names_coll_ssim":["Willis and Associates","Willis, Beverly, 1928-"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Willis and Associates","Willis, Beverly, 1928-"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Willis and Associates"],"persname_ssim":["Willis, Beverly, 1928-"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":212,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:45:27.234Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1898","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1898","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1898","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1898","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1898.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Willis, Beverly Architectural Collection","title_ssm":["Beverly Willis Architectural Collection"],"title_tesim":["Beverly Willis Architectural Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1954-1999"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1954-1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1992.019"],"text":["Ms.1992.019","Beverly Willis Architectural Collection","San Francisco (Calif.)","Architects and community","Housing -- United States","City planning","Architecture -- Computer-aided design","Women -- History","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Architectural drawings (visual works)","Collection is open to research.","Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","The collection has been arranged into a  Project Index.  which is a way to organize the various formats of architectural records from the same project. The index is arranged by project number and contains information, where available, about the location, date, project type, architect, collaborators, and formats for each project in the collection.","A Summary of the  Project Index.   is listed below.  Consult the  Project Index.   for location information.  ","Beverly Willis, FAIA Architect, artist, and writer, was one of perhaps three women architects in the United States to own her own sizeable architecture firm between 1958 and 1990 and the only woman in San Francisco, California, to have her own practice there for 17 years. Her book,  Invisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture,  published by the National Building Museum, describes her design philosophy.","She was the first woman appointed to the Building Research Advisory Board of the National Academy of Science, the first appointed to the Federal Construction Council, and its first woman chair. She was the first woman elected president of the American Institute of Architects, California Council; and the Golden Gate Chapter of Lambda Alpha Society.","Willis played a major role in the revitalization of San Francisco neighborhoods after World War II. She renovated commercial spaces in the Jackson Square area and Union Street, redesigned Glide Church, designed the San Francisco Ballet Building, and won an international competition to design the Yerba Buena Gardens development downtown.","Beverly Willis was born February 17, 1928, in Tulsa, Oklahoma, to Ralph William Willis, founder of the National Tool Company, and Margaret Elizabeth Porter, a nurse. She had one sibling, Ralph Gerald Willis. Both Willis and her brother were placed in an orphanage when their parents divorced in 1934.","Taking advantage of the increased opportunities available to women with the advent of World War II, Willis learned welding, riveting, electrical wiring, carpentry, and how to fly an airplane--skills that reflected the fiercely independent qualities that emerged in her personality when she was in the institutional environment of the orphanage. After the war, she enrolled in an aeronautical engineering program at Oregon State University, but withdrew after two years to work at a lithographer's studio. She then studied at the San Francisco Art Institute until relocating to Hawaii. In 1954 she received a B.A. in Fine Art from the University of Hawaii.","After graduation, Willis received a series of design commissions that led to her interest in architecture. Fueled by the friendship and ideas of entrepreneur Henry Kaiser, Willis returned to San Francisco in 1960 to open a firm that designed furniture and interiors for offices, created mixed-media art for clients that included United Airlines, and re-worked supermarket displays. Despite her rural sensibility, Willis began to immerse herself in urban designs. She found that her interests ran parallel to those of San Francisco architects like William Wurster and Joseph Esherick.","Willis' first major architectural project was the conversion of three Victorian buildings into a retail complex on Union Street in San Francisco. Her design, which proved a financial success almost immediately, influenced the renovation of the rest of the street between present-day Gough and Pierce streets.","Meeting the experience and education requirements of the California State Architectural Licensing Board in 1966, Willis became a licensed architect and the only woman in San Francisco with her own firm, Beverly Willis and Associates. This firm assumed a partnership with would-be principal architect David Coldoff that year, a partnership that lasted until 1980. Despite the heavy demands of her practice, Willis also found time to serve on the U.S. Government delegation to the United Nations conference on Habitat, become a trustee and founder of the National Building Museum in 1976, and serve as the President of the California Chapter of the National Institute of Architects in 1979.","Willis' interest in the issues that affect planning, population density, and land-use economics with respect to large-scale development manifested itself in the creation of the computer program CARLA (Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis) in the 1970's. The software was developed by Willis with Eric Tiescholz and Jochen Eigen. With CARLA's completion and implementation, Willis and Associates became one of the first architectural firms to incorporate computers into the routine practices of design and land development.","Projects such as the prototype for the regional computer centers of the IRS and master-planning for a new town situated in Aliamanu Valley, Hawaii (1975), are good examples of her unique philosophy of design.","Throughout the 1970s, Willis' firm concentrated on large- scale housing and new-community planning and design. By espousing architecture of rural pragmatism and rooting it in ancient images and myths, Willis offered something new to the intellectual landscape of architectural design.","In 1997, the National Building Museum published Willis' book,  Invisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture,  in which she describes her buildings and design philosophy. In 1980, she was elected to the American Institute of Architects College of Fellows. In 1984, Willis received an honorary doctorate in Fine Arts from Mount Holyoke College.","By the early 1980s, Willis' design focus shifted to urban structures like the Yerba Buena Gardens redevelopment project (1980) and the San Francisco Ballet Association Building (1984). Smaller, but no less important, projects include Nob Hill Court (1971), Pacific Point Condominiums (1972), the Greenwich Apartment (1978), the Margaret Hayward Playground Building (1978), the (unbuilt) Shown Winery (1986), and the Mr. and Mrs. Richard Goeglin Pool House and Sculpture (1988).","Willis relocated her office and residence to New York City in 1991. Willis founded in 1994 the  Architectural Research Institute, Inc.  (through which the Manhattan Village Academy was designed). In 2002, she founded the  Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation , and she presently (2008) serves as the foundation's president. Her work and community leadership have been widely published (see bibliography). She is a founding trustee of the National Building Museum (1975-present). The Beverly Willis Library is located at the National Building Museum.","Much of the information in the biography was culled from the biography written for Beverly Willis by Nicolai Ouroussoff and included in  Invisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture , published in 1997 by the National Building Museum, Washington, DC.","Some of the information in the scope and content note was taken from an independent appraisal of the collection.","The bulk of the drawings in the Willis Papers were arranged and described before they were donated, and information about the arrangement of the collection was compiled in a searchable database that is available at the repository. Project records stored in record cartons have been inventoried and are included in the database and finding aid.","The first accession, which was arranged and described by Laura Katz Smith in 1995, was combined with subsequent accessions in 2003. A finding aid describing the complete collection was created by Catherine G. OBrion in 2003, using descriptions of materials in the archives database that was donated with the bulk of the collection in 2000.\nThe 2004 and 2009 additions were arranged and described by Sherrie Bowser in 2012. The project index arrangement was also included at this time.  ","The guide to the Beverly Willis Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The Beverly Willis Architectural Collection span the years 1954 to 1999 and are comprised primarily of records documenting Willis' work as an architect in San Francisco between 1960 and 1990. The collection documents the application of computers to architectural design and land analysis, the development of CARLA (Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis) in the 1970s, the history of twentieth-century urban planning, particularly in San Francisco; and the contribution of women to twentieth-century American architecture. Willis, a noted artist, photographer, teacher, and writer, employed the full range of visual arts and design skills to influence and guide architectural projects of major significance.","The bulk of the collection is comprised of Willis and Associates project files from the period 1960 to 1990. Projects range from private residences and residential developments to institutions, such as the San Francisco Ballet Association Building; and urban development projects, most notably the Yerba Buena Gardens project in downtown San Francisco. Also included are records and design documents for Aliamanu Valley New Town, a military base in Hawaii that was the first major project designed with CARLA, computer software for architectural design created by Willis; and records documenting the development of CARLA.","Project files are comprised of presentation drawings, slope analysis drawings, site plans, maps, cut-and-fill analysis plans, sketches, conceptual design drawings, construction drawings, as well as correspondence, research files, contracts, environmental impact statements and studies, financial records, and feasibility studies. There are records for more than 150 projects. Drawings are large folio, pen-and- ink or watercolor on paper, linen, or mylar. Some are heightened with color.","Also included is a series documenting the development of CARLA, Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis, in the 1970s. Beverly Willis was interested in issues that affected planning, population density, and land-use economics in relation to large-scale development. Along with Eric Tiescholz and Jochen Eigen, she developed a program that enabled architects, with the use of computers, to develop site plans and design techniques in a fraction of the time required by the old methodology. Records documenting the development of CARLA include computer tapes, correspondence, flow charts, memos, and Jochen Eigen's notes on interfacing CARLA with a computer mapping program in 1974.","The collection also contains a series of Publications, Brochures, and Clippings, which includes biographical information on Willis, Miscellaneous Project Records, and a video of the Yerba Buena Gardents development.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Please note:  Boxes 1-51 are located in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections for more information.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Willis and Associates","Willis, Beverly, 1928-","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1992.019"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Beverly Willis Architectural Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Beverly Willis Architectural Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Beverly Willis Architectural Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["San Francisco (Calif.)"],"geogname_ssim":["San Francisco (Calif.)"],"creator_ssm":["Willis, Beverly, 1928-"],"creator_ssim":["Willis, Beverly, 1928-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Willis, Beverly, 1928-"],"creators_ssim":["Willis, Beverly, 1928-"],"places_ssim":["San Francisco (Calif.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Beverly Willis donated samples of her designs to Virginia Tech in 1992. This gift was followed, in 2000, with a donation of the bulk of the records and designs from her architectural career.  Additional small accessions arrived in 2004 and 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Architects and community","Housing -- United States","City planning","Architecture -- Computer-aided design","Women -- History","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Architectural drawings (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Architects and community","Housing -- United States","City planning","Architecture -- Computer-aided design","Women -- History","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Architectural drawings (visual works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["100 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["100 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Architectural drawings (visual works)"],"date_range_isim":[1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/225\"\u003eSome of this collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been arranged into a \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/assets/documents/iawa/Ms1992-019pi.xls\" show=\"new\" title=\"Project Index\"\u003eProject Index.\u003c/extref\u003e which is a way to organize the various formats of architectural records from the same project. The index is arranged by project number and contains information, where available, about the location, date, project type, architect, collaborators, and formats for each project in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA Summary of the \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/assets/documents/iawa/Ms1992-019pi.xls\" show=\"new\" title=\"Project Index\"\u003eProject Index.\u003c/extref\u003e  is listed below.  Consult the \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/assets/documents/iawa/Ms1992-019pi.xls\" show=\"new\" title=\"Project Index\"\u003eProject Index.\u003c/extref\u003e  for location information.  \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection has been arranged into a  Project Index.  which is a way to organize the various formats of architectural records from the same project. The index is arranged by project number and contains information, where available, about the location, date, project type, architect, collaborators, and formats for each project in the collection.","A Summary of the  Project Index.   is listed below.  Consult the  Project Index.   for location information.  "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBeverly Willis, FAIA Architect, artist, and writer, was one of perhaps three women architects in the United States to own her own sizeable architecture firm between 1958 and 1990 and the only woman in San Francisco, California, to have her own practice there for 17 years. Her book, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eInvisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture,\u003c/title\u003e published by the National Building Museum, describes her design philosophy.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShe was the first woman appointed to the Building Research Advisory Board of the National Academy of Science, the first appointed to the Federal Construction Council, and its first woman chair. She was the first woman elected president of the American Institute of Architects, California Council; and the Golden Gate Chapter of Lambda Alpha Society.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWillis played a major role in the revitalization of San Francisco neighborhoods after World War II. She renovated commercial spaces in the Jackson Square area and Union Street, redesigned Glide Church, designed the San Francisco Ballet Building, and won an international competition to design the Yerba Buena Gardens development downtown.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBeverly Willis was born February 17, 1928, in Tulsa, Oklahoma, to Ralph William Willis, founder of the National Tool Company, and Margaret Elizabeth Porter, a nurse. She had one sibling, Ralph Gerald Willis. Both Willis and her brother were placed in an orphanage when their parents divorced in 1934.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTaking advantage of the increased opportunities available to women with the advent of World War II, Willis learned welding, riveting, electrical wiring, carpentry, and how to fly an airplane--skills that reflected the fiercely independent qualities that emerged in her personality when she was in the institutional environment of the orphanage. After the war, she enrolled in an aeronautical engineering program at Oregon State University, but withdrew after two years to work at a lithographer's studio. She then studied at the San Francisco Art Institute until relocating to Hawaii. In 1954 she received a B.A. in Fine Art from the University of Hawaii.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter graduation, Willis received a series of design commissions that led to her interest in architecture. Fueled by the friendship and ideas of entrepreneur Henry Kaiser, Willis returned to San Francisco in 1960 to open a firm that designed furniture and interiors for offices, created mixed-media art for clients that included United Airlines, and re-worked supermarket displays. Despite her rural sensibility, Willis began to immerse herself in urban designs. She found that her interests ran parallel to those of San Francisco architects like William Wurster and Joseph Esherick.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWillis' first major architectural project was the conversion of three Victorian buildings into a retail complex on Union Street in San Francisco. Her design, which proved a financial success almost immediately, influenced the renovation of the rest of the street between present-day Gough and Pierce streets.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMeeting the experience and education requirements of the California State Architectural Licensing Board in 1966, Willis became a licensed architect and the only woman in San Francisco with her own firm, Beverly Willis and Associates. This firm assumed a partnership with would-be principal architect David Coldoff that year, a partnership that lasted until 1980. Despite the heavy demands of her practice, Willis also found time to serve on the U.S. Government delegation to the United Nations conference on Habitat, become a trustee and founder of the National Building Museum in 1976, and serve as the President of the California Chapter of the National Institute of Architects in 1979.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWillis' interest in the issues that affect planning, population density, and land-use economics with respect to large-scale development manifested itself in the creation of the computer program CARLA (Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis) in the 1970's. The software was developed by Willis with Eric Tiescholz and Jochen Eigen. With CARLA's completion and implementation, Willis and Associates became one of the first architectural firms to incorporate computers into the routine practices of design and land development.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eProjects such as the prototype for the regional computer centers of the IRS and master-planning for a new town situated in Aliamanu Valley, Hawaii (1975), are good examples of her unique philosophy of design.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThroughout the 1970s, Willis' firm concentrated on large- scale housing and new-community planning and design. By espousing architecture of rural pragmatism and rooting it in ancient images and myths, Willis offered something new to the intellectual landscape of architectural design.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1997, the National Building Museum published Willis' book, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eInvisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture,\u003c/title\u003e in which she describes her buildings and design philosophy. In 1980, she was elected to the American Institute of Architects College of Fellows. In 1984, Willis received an honorary doctorate in Fine Arts from Mount Holyoke College.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy the early 1980s, Willis' design focus shifted to urban structures like the Yerba Buena Gardens redevelopment project (1980) and the San Francisco Ballet Association Building (1984). Smaller, but no less important, projects include Nob Hill Court (1971), Pacific Point Condominiums (1972), the Greenwich Apartment (1978), the Margaret Hayward Playground Building (1978), the (unbuilt) Shown Winery (1986), and the Mr. and Mrs. Richard Goeglin Pool House and Sculpture (1988).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWillis relocated her office and residence to New York City in 1991. Willis founded in 1994 the \u003cextref href=\"http://www.architect.org\" title=\"Architectural Research Institute, Inc.\"\u003eArchitectural Research Institute, Inc.\u003c/extref\u003e (through which the Manhattan Village Academy was designed). In 2002, she founded the \u003cextref href=\"http://www.bwaf.org/\" title=\"Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation\"\u003eBeverly Willis Architecture Foundation\u003c/extref\u003e, and she presently (2008) serves as the foundation's president. Her work and community leadership have been widely published (see bibliography). She is a founding trustee of the National Building Museum (1975-present). The Beverly Willis Library is located at the National Building Museum.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMuch of the information in the biography was culled from the biography written for Beverly Willis by Nicolai Ouroussoff and included in \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eInvisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture\u003c/title\u003e, published in 1997 by the National Building Museum, Washington, DC.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note","Source"],"bioghist_tesim":["Beverly Willis, FAIA Architect, artist, and writer, was one of perhaps three women architects in the United States to own her own sizeable architecture firm between 1958 and 1990 and the only woman in San Francisco, California, to have her own practice there for 17 years. Her book,  Invisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture,  published by the National Building Museum, describes her design philosophy.","She was the first woman appointed to the Building Research Advisory Board of the National Academy of Science, the first appointed to the Federal Construction Council, and its first woman chair. She was the first woman elected president of the American Institute of Architects, California Council; and the Golden Gate Chapter of Lambda Alpha Society.","Willis played a major role in the revitalization of San Francisco neighborhoods after World War II. She renovated commercial spaces in the Jackson Square area and Union Street, redesigned Glide Church, designed the San Francisco Ballet Building, and won an international competition to design the Yerba Buena Gardens development downtown.","Beverly Willis was born February 17, 1928, in Tulsa, Oklahoma, to Ralph William Willis, founder of the National Tool Company, and Margaret Elizabeth Porter, a nurse. She had one sibling, Ralph Gerald Willis. Both Willis and her brother were placed in an orphanage when their parents divorced in 1934.","Taking advantage of the increased opportunities available to women with the advent of World War II, Willis learned welding, riveting, electrical wiring, carpentry, and how to fly an airplane--skills that reflected the fiercely independent qualities that emerged in her personality when she was in the institutional environment of the orphanage. After the war, she enrolled in an aeronautical engineering program at Oregon State University, but withdrew after two years to work at a lithographer's studio. She then studied at the San Francisco Art Institute until relocating to Hawaii. In 1954 she received a B.A. in Fine Art from the University of Hawaii.","After graduation, Willis received a series of design commissions that led to her interest in architecture. Fueled by the friendship and ideas of entrepreneur Henry Kaiser, Willis returned to San Francisco in 1960 to open a firm that designed furniture and interiors for offices, created mixed-media art for clients that included United Airlines, and re-worked supermarket displays. Despite her rural sensibility, Willis began to immerse herself in urban designs. She found that her interests ran parallel to those of San Francisco architects like William Wurster and Joseph Esherick.","Willis' first major architectural project was the conversion of three Victorian buildings into a retail complex on Union Street in San Francisco. Her design, which proved a financial success almost immediately, influenced the renovation of the rest of the street between present-day Gough and Pierce streets.","Meeting the experience and education requirements of the California State Architectural Licensing Board in 1966, Willis became a licensed architect and the only woman in San Francisco with her own firm, Beverly Willis and Associates. This firm assumed a partnership with would-be principal architect David Coldoff that year, a partnership that lasted until 1980. Despite the heavy demands of her practice, Willis also found time to serve on the U.S. Government delegation to the United Nations conference on Habitat, become a trustee and founder of the National Building Museum in 1976, and serve as the President of the California Chapter of the National Institute of Architects in 1979.","Willis' interest in the issues that affect planning, population density, and land-use economics with respect to large-scale development manifested itself in the creation of the computer program CARLA (Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis) in the 1970's. The software was developed by Willis with Eric Tiescholz and Jochen Eigen. With CARLA's completion and implementation, Willis and Associates became one of the first architectural firms to incorporate computers into the routine practices of design and land development.","Projects such as the prototype for the regional computer centers of the IRS and master-planning for a new town situated in Aliamanu Valley, Hawaii (1975), are good examples of her unique philosophy of design.","Throughout the 1970s, Willis' firm concentrated on large- scale housing and new-community planning and design. By espousing architecture of rural pragmatism and rooting it in ancient images and myths, Willis offered something new to the intellectual landscape of architectural design.","In 1997, the National Building Museum published Willis' book,  Invisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture,  in which she describes her buildings and design philosophy. In 1980, she was elected to the American Institute of Architects College of Fellows. In 1984, Willis received an honorary doctorate in Fine Arts from Mount Holyoke College.","By the early 1980s, Willis' design focus shifted to urban structures like the Yerba Buena Gardens redevelopment project (1980) and the San Francisco Ballet Association Building (1984). Smaller, but no less important, projects include Nob Hill Court (1971), Pacific Point Condominiums (1972), the Greenwich Apartment (1978), the Margaret Hayward Playground Building (1978), the (unbuilt) Shown Winery (1986), and the Mr. and Mrs. Richard Goeglin Pool House and Sculpture (1988).","Willis relocated her office and residence to New York City in 1991. Willis founded in 1994 the  Architectural Research Institute, Inc.  (through which the Manhattan Village Academy was designed). In 2002, she founded the  Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation , and she presently (2008) serves as the foundation's president. Her work and community leadership have been widely published (see bibliography). She is a founding trustee of the National Building Museum (1975-present). The Beverly Willis Library is located at the National Building Museum.","Much of the information in the biography was culled from the biography written for Beverly Willis by Nicolai Ouroussoff and included in  Invisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture , published in 1997 by the National Building Museum, Washington, DC."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome of the information in the scope and content note was taken from an independent appraisal of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General note"],"odd_tesim":["Some of the information in the scope and content note was taken from an independent appraisal of the collection."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA file-level \u003cextref href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/iawa/inventories/Willis/Willis.html\" title=\"inventory\"\u003einventory\u003c/extref\u003e of letter- and legal-size project records is available at the repository.\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aid"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["A file-level  inventory  of letter- and legal-size project records is available at the repository."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Beverly Willis Architectural Collection, Ms1992-019, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Beverly Willis Architectural Collection, Ms1992-019, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the drawings in the Willis Papers were arranged and described before they were donated, and information about the arrangement of the collection was compiled in a searchable database that is available at the repository. Project records stored in record cartons have been inventoried and are included in the database and finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first accession, which was arranged and described by Laura Katz Smith in 1995, was combined with subsequent accessions in 2003. A finding aid describing the complete collection was created by Catherine G. OBrion in 2003, using descriptions of materials in the archives database that was donated with the bulk of the collection in 2000.\nThe 2004 and 2009 additions were arranged and described by Sherrie Bowser in 2012. The project index arrangement was also included at this time.  \u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The bulk of the drawings in the Willis Papers were arranged and described before they were donated, and information about the arrangement of the collection was compiled in a searchable database that is available at the repository. Project records stored in record cartons have been inventoried and are included in the database and finding aid.","The first accession, which was arranged and described by Laura Katz Smith in 1995, was combined with subsequent accessions in 2003. A finding aid describing the complete collection was created by Catherine G. OBrion in 2003, using descriptions of materials in the archives database that was donated with the bulk of the collection in 2000.\nThe 2004 and 2009 additions were arranged and described by Sherrie Bowser in 2012. The project index arrangement was also included at this time.  "],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Beverly Willis Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The guide to the Beverly Willis Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Beverly Willis Architectural Collection span the years 1954 to 1999 and are comprised primarily of records documenting Willis' work as an architect in San Francisco between 1960 and 1990. The collection documents the application of computers to architectural design and land analysis, the development of CARLA (Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis) in the 1970s, the history of twentieth-century urban planning, particularly in San Francisco; and the contribution of women to twentieth-century American architecture. Willis, a noted artist, photographer, teacher, and writer, employed the full range of visual arts and design skills to influence and guide architectural projects of major significance.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the collection is comprised of Willis and Associates project files from the period 1960 to 1990. Projects range from private residences and residential developments to institutions, such as the San Francisco Ballet Association Building; and urban development projects, most notably the Yerba Buena Gardens project in downtown San Francisco. Also included are records and design documents for Aliamanu Valley New Town, a military base in Hawaii that was the first major project designed with CARLA, computer software for architectural design created by Willis; and records documenting the development of CARLA.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eProject files are comprised of presentation drawings, slope analysis drawings, site plans, maps, cut-and-fill analysis plans, sketches, conceptual design drawings, construction drawings, as well as correspondence, research files, contracts, environmental impact statements and studies, financial records, and feasibility studies. There are records for more than 150 projects. Drawings are large folio, pen-and- ink or watercolor on paper, linen, or mylar. Some are heightened with color.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso included is a series documenting the development of CARLA, Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis, in the 1970s. Beverly Willis was interested in issues that affected planning, population density, and land-use economics in relation to large-scale development. Along with Eric Tiescholz and Jochen Eigen, she developed a program that enabled architects, with the use of computers, to develop site plans and design techniques in a fraction of the time required by the old methodology. Records documenting the development of CARLA include computer tapes, correspondence, flow charts, memos, and Jochen Eigen's notes on interfacing CARLA with a computer mapping program in 1974.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a series of Publications, Brochures, and Clippings, which includes biographical information on Willis, Miscellaneous Project Records, and a video of the Yerba Buena Gardents development.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Beverly Willis Architectural Collection span the years 1954 to 1999 and are comprised primarily of records documenting Willis' work as an architect in San Francisco between 1960 and 1990. The collection documents the application of computers to architectural design and land analysis, the development of CARLA (Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis) in the 1970s, the history of twentieth-century urban planning, particularly in San Francisco; and the contribution of women to twentieth-century American architecture. Willis, a noted artist, photographer, teacher, and writer, employed the full range of visual arts and design skills to influence and guide architectural projects of major significance.","The bulk of the collection is comprised of Willis and Associates project files from the period 1960 to 1990. Projects range from private residences and residential developments to institutions, such as the San Francisco Ballet Association Building; and urban development projects, most notably the Yerba Buena Gardens project in downtown San Francisco. Also included are records and design documents for Aliamanu Valley New Town, a military base in Hawaii that was the first major project designed with CARLA, computer software for architectural design created by Willis; and records documenting the development of CARLA.","Project files are comprised of presentation drawings, slope analysis drawings, site plans, maps, cut-and-fill analysis plans, sketches, conceptual design drawings, construction drawings, as well as correspondence, research files, contracts, environmental impact statements and studies, financial records, and feasibility studies. There are records for more than 150 projects. Drawings are large folio, pen-and- ink or watercolor on paper, linen, or mylar. Some are heightened with color.","Also included is a series documenting the development of CARLA, Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis, in the 1970s. Beverly Willis was interested in issues that affected planning, population density, and land-use economics in relation to large-scale development. Along with Eric Tiescholz and Jochen Eigen, she developed a program that enabled architects, with the use of computers, to develop site plans and design techniques in a fraction of the time required by the old methodology. Records documenting the development of CARLA include computer tapes, correspondence, flow charts, memos, and Jochen Eigen's notes on interfacing CARLA with a computer mapping program in 1974.","The collection also contains a series of Publications, Brochures, and Clippings, which includes biographical information on Willis, Miscellaneous Project Records, and a video of the Yerba Buena Gardents development."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_174a3dc5cc0f306ff98b4fcaecbf2059\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease note:\u003c/emph\u003e Boxes 1-51 are located in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections for more information.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Please note:  Boxes 1-51 are located in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections for more information."],"names_coll_ssim":["Willis and Associates","Willis, Beverly, 1928-"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Willis and Associates","Willis, Beverly, 1928-"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Willis and Associates"],"persname_ssim":["Willis, Beverly, 1928-"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":212,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:45:27.234Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1898"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1596","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"C. David Loeks Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1596#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Loeks, C. David (Conrad David), 1923-2006","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1596#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Papers of city planner C. David Loeks (1923-2006), St. Paul city planning director; Twin Cities Metropolitan Planning Commission executive director; Mid-Hudson Pattern for Progress chief executive officer; Hudson Basin Project executive director; and Virginia Tech professor of urban and regional planning, consisting largely of reports and background materials generated by Loeks' work on various planning projects.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1596#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1596","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1596","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1596","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1596","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1596.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Loeks, C. David Papers","title_ssm":["C. David Loeks Papers"],"title_tesim":["C. David Loeks Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1947-1997"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1947-1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1988.091"],"text":["Ms.1988.091","C. David Loeks Papers","Faculty and staff","University History","City planning","The collection is open to research.","The collection is arranged in six series:","Series I, Personal Papers, 1948-1994. This series contains papers not directly related to Loeks' service with various planning agencies or at Virginia Tech. Included are biographical sketches and curricula vitae, as well as a small selection of personal correspondence, personal papers, and photographs. The collection also includes papers and drawings completed by Loeks for his academic coursework and two copies of the Speing 1948 issue of  Horizons , containing Loeks' entry in the Landscape Exchange competition. Also contained in the series are papers relating to Loeks' membership in the American Institute of Planners, including speeches by Loeks and notes and slides from a 1965 AIP tour of Russia. Arranged by material type, then chronologically.","Series II, St. Paul City Planning Board, 1952-1957. This small series contains working papers and formal reports generated during Loeks' time on the board, as well as related news articles and photographic slides.  Arranged by material type, then chronologically.","Series III, Twin Cities Metropolitan Planning Commission, 1958-1986. Loeks' service on the Twin Cities MPC is documented here through correspondence, working papers, and published reports. Also included in the series are reports and slides from a 1960 world tour, as well as smaller tours of Puerto Rico (1960) and South Africa and South America (1962), all taken by Loeks for the Twin Cities MPC through grants from the Ford Foundation.  Arranged by material type, then chronologically.","Series IV, Mid-Hudson Pattern for Progress, 1958-2000. This series consists largely of planning studies and reports generated by Pattern for Progress but also contains texts from Loeks' speeches and papers, as well as background materials.  Arranged by material type, then chronologically.","Series V, Hudson Basin Project, 1973-1976. This series contains working papers and formal reports generated by the project, a three-year study of the environmental issues facing the New York metropolitan area and the Hudson River watershed.  Arranged by material type, then chronologically.","Series VI, Virginia Tech, 1980-1997. The papers in this series document a few courses taught by Loeks, with course notes and background material. The series also contains texts of presentations given outside the classroom. Also included is a small file of material relating to Loeks' consultations on municipal planning in Blacksburg, Virginia and Staunton, Virginia.","Landscape architect and urban planner Conrad David Loeks, son of John W. and Jeannette Boerma Loeks, was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan on April 7, 1923. On September 1, 1943, Loeks married Julie Anne Kruse (1923-2008) in Nueces, Texas; the couple had two children. Following service in the United States Navy Reserve, Loeks obtained a B. S. in landscape architecture at Michigan State University (1948) and an master's degree in city and regional planning at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1950). Loeks served as city planning director for St. Paul, Minnesota from 1950 until 1958, when he became director of the Twin Cities (St. Paul/Minneapolis) Metropolitan Planning Commission. In 1966, Loeks was named chief executive officer of Mid-Hudson Pattern for Progress (Poughkeepsie, New York), a non-profit regional planning and research corporation. He continued to serve in this position until 1980 and from 1973 to 1976 also served as executive director of the Hudson Basin Project. Loeks completed his career at Virginia Tech, serving as a professor and chairman of the graduate program in urban and regional plannning from 1980 to 1988. He also maintained memberships in several organiztions in urban planning, most notably in the American Institute of Planners, in which he served as secretary-treasurer, 1960 to 1962; vice-president, 1962 to 1964; and president, 1964-1966. David Loeks died on January 18, 2006, and was buried in Big Prairie-Everett Cemetery, Big Prairie, Michigan.","Sources \"Conrad David Loeks\" entry, Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/79123526/conrad-david-loeks \"Conrad David Loeks\" entry,  Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Immigration Cards, 1900-1965 database, Ancestry.com,  https://search-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1\u0026dbid=9800\u0026h=4601268\u0026tid=\u0026pid=\u0026queryId=35be018bd48d93003ad9f8e2003691fa\u0026usePUB=true \"Conrad David Loeks\" entry, Texas, U.S., Select County Marriage Records, 1837-1965 database, Ancestry.com,  https://www-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/discoveryui-content/view/22353755:9168 \"Conrad David Loeks\" entry, U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007 database, Ancestry.com,  https://www-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/discoveryui-content/view/43307506:60901","The guide to the C. David Loeks Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the C. David Loeks Papers commenced in October 2021 and was completed in December 2021. Partial processing of a portion of the collection had been completed prior to 2002.","This collection contains the papers of C. David Loeks, a city planner who served as St. Paul city planning director (1952-1957), Twin Cities Metropolitan Planning Commission executive director (1957-1966), Mid-Hudson Pattern for Progress chief executive officer (1966-1980), and Virginia Tech professor of urban and regional planning (1980-1988). The collection consists largely of working papers, reports and publications generated by the various planning agencies in which Loeks served but also contains studies and drawings completed by Loeks for college coursework, texts and background materials from Loeks' speeches, and materials from a few of the courses taught by Loeks at Virginia Tech.","The following items were removed from the collection to be cataloged for the rare book collection:","Proceedings of the First International Electric Vehicle Symposium (New York: Electric Vehicle Council, 1969).","Summary Proceedings: Conference on Intelligent Vehicle/Highway Systems Involving Government, Industry, and University ([Blacksburg, VA: Center for Transportation Research, 1990]). ","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Papers of city planner C. David Loeks (1923-2006), St. Paul city planning director; Twin Cities Metropolitan Planning Commission executive director; Mid-Hudson Pattern for Progress chief executive officer; Hudson Basin Project executive director; and Virginia Tech professor of urban and regional planning, consisting largely of reports and background materials generated by Loeks' work on various planning projects.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Urban Affairs and Planning Program","Loeks, C. David (Conrad David), 1923-2006","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1988.091"],"normalized_title_ssm":["C. David Loeks Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["C. David Loeks Papers"],"collection_ssim":["C. David Loeks Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Loeks, C. David (Conrad David), 1923-2006"],"creator_ssim":["Loeks, C. David (Conrad David), 1923-2006"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Loeks, C. David (Conrad David), 1923-2006"],"creators_ssim":["Loeks, C. David (Conrad David), 1923-2006"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated to Special Collections and University Archives in 1988 and 2005."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Faculty and staff","University History","City planning"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Faculty and staff","University History","City planning"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7.7 Cubic Feet 15 boxes; 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["7.7 Cubic Feet 15 boxes; 1 oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in six series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I, Personal Papers, 1948-1994. This series contains papers not directly related to Loeks' service with various planning agencies or at Virginia Tech. Included are biographical sketches and curricula vitae, as well as a small selection of personal correspondence, personal papers, and photographs. The collection also includes papers and drawings completed by Loeks for his academic coursework and two copies of the Speing 1948 issue of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHorizons\u003c/title\u003e, containing Loeks' entry in the Landscape Exchange competition. Also contained in the series are papers relating to Loeks' membership in the American Institute of Planners, including speeches by Loeks and notes and slides from a 1965 AIP tour of Russia. Arranged by material type, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II, St. Paul City Planning Board, 1952-1957. This small series contains working papers and formal reports generated during Loeks' time on the board, as well as related news articles and photographic slides.  Arranged by material type, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III, Twin Cities Metropolitan Planning Commission, 1958-1986. Loeks' service on the Twin Cities MPC is documented here through correspondence, working papers, and published reports. Also included in the series are reports and slides from a 1960 world tour, as well as smaller tours of Puerto Rico (1960) and South Africa and South America (1962), all taken by Loeks for the Twin Cities MPC through grants from the Ford Foundation.  Arranged by material type, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV, Mid-Hudson Pattern for Progress, 1958-2000. This series consists largely of planning studies and reports generated by Pattern for Progress but also contains texts from Loeks' speeches and papers, as well as background materials.  Arranged by material type, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V, Hudson Basin Project, 1973-1976. This series contains working papers and formal reports generated by the project, a three-year study of the environmental issues facing the New York metropolitan area and the Hudson River watershed.  Arranged by material type, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI, Virginia Tech, 1980-1997. The papers in this series document a few courses taught by Loeks, with course notes and background material. The series also contains texts of presentations given outside the classroom. Also included is a small file of material relating to Loeks' consultations on municipal planning in Blacksburg, Virginia and Staunton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in six series:","Series I, Personal Papers, 1948-1994. This series contains papers not directly related to Loeks' service with various planning agencies or at Virginia Tech. Included are biographical sketches and curricula vitae, as well as a small selection of personal correspondence, personal papers, and photographs. The collection also includes papers and drawings completed by Loeks for his academic coursework and two copies of the Speing 1948 issue of  Horizons , containing Loeks' entry in the Landscape Exchange competition. Also contained in the series are papers relating to Loeks' membership in the American Institute of Planners, including speeches by Loeks and notes and slides from a 1965 AIP tour of Russia. Arranged by material type, then chronologically.","Series II, St. Paul City Planning Board, 1952-1957. This small series contains working papers and formal reports generated during Loeks' time on the board, as well as related news articles and photographic slides.  Arranged by material type, then chronologically.","Series III, Twin Cities Metropolitan Planning Commission, 1958-1986. Loeks' service on the Twin Cities MPC is documented here through correspondence, working papers, and published reports. Also included in the series are reports and slides from a 1960 world tour, as well as smaller tours of Puerto Rico (1960) and South Africa and South America (1962), all taken by Loeks for the Twin Cities MPC through grants from the Ford Foundation.  Arranged by material type, then chronologically.","Series IV, Mid-Hudson Pattern for Progress, 1958-2000. This series consists largely of planning studies and reports generated by Pattern for Progress but also contains texts from Loeks' speeches and papers, as well as background materials.  Arranged by material type, then chronologically.","Series V, Hudson Basin Project, 1973-1976. This series contains working papers and formal reports generated by the project, a three-year study of the environmental issues facing the New York metropolitan area and the Hudson River watershed.  Arranged by material type, then chronologically.","Series VI, Virginia Tech, 1980-1997. The papers in this series document a few courses taught by Loeks, with course notes and background material. The series also contains texts of presentations given outside the classroom. Also included is a small file of material relating to Loeks' consultations on municipal planning in Blacksburg, Virginia and Staunton, Virginia."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLandscape architect and urban planner Conrad David Loeks, son of John W. and Jeannette Boerma Loeks, was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan on April 7, 1923. On September 1, 1943, Loeks married Julie Anne Kruse (1923-2008) in Nueces, Texas; the couple had two children. Following service in the United States Navy Reserve, Loeks obtained a B. S. in landscape architecture at Michigan State University (1948) and an master's degree in city and regional planning at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1950). Loeks served as city planning director for St. Paul, Minnesota from 1950 until 1958, when he became director of the Twin Cities (St. Paul/Minneapolis) Metropolitan Planning Commission. In 1966, Loeks was named chief executive officer of Mid-Hudson Pattern for Progress (Poughkeepsie, New York), a non-profit regional planning and research corporation. He continued to serve in this position until 1980 and from 1973 to 1976 also served as executive director of the Hudson Basin Project. Loeks completed his career at Virginia Tech, serving as a professor and chairman of the graduate program in urban and regional plannning from 1980 to 1988. He also maintained memberships in several organiztions in urban planning, most notably in the American Institute of Planners, in which he served as secretary-treasurer, 1960 to 1962; vice-president, 1962 to 1964; and president, 1964-1966. David Loeks died on January 18, 2006, and was buried in Big Prairie-Everett Cemetery, Big Prairie, Michigan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSources\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\"Conrad David Loeks\" entry, Findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/79123526/conrad-david-loeks\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/79123526/conrad-david-loeks\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\"Conrad David Loeks\" entry,  Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Immigration Cards, 1900-1965 database, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://search-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1\u0026amp;dbid=9800\u0026amp;h=4601268\u0026amp;tid=\u0026amp;pid=\u0026amp;queryId=35be018bd48d93003ad9f8e2003691fa\u0026amp;usePUB=true\"\u003ehttps://search-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1\u0026amp;dbid=9800\u0026amp;h=4601268\u0026amp;tid=\u0026amp;pid=\u0026amp;queryId=35be018bd48d93003ad9f8e2003691fa\u0026amp;usePUB=true\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\"Conrad David Loeks\" entry, Texas, U.S., Select County Marriage Records, 1837-1965 database, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/discoveryui-content/view/22353755:9168\"\u003ehttps://www-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/discoveryui-content/view/22353755:9168\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\"Conrad David Loeks\" entry, U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007 database, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/discoveryui-content/view/43307506:60901\"\u003ehttps://www-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/discoveryui-content/view/43307506:60901\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Landscape architect and urban planner Conrad David Loeks, son of John W. and Jeannette Boerma Loeks, was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan on April 7, 1923. On September 1, 1943, Loeks married Julie Anne Kruse (1923-2008) in Nueces, Texas; the couple had two children. Following service in the United States Navy Reserve, Loeks obtained a B. S. in landscape architecture at Michigan State University (1948) and an master's degree in city and regional planning at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1950). Loeks served as city planning director for St. Paul, Minnesota from 1950 until 1958, when he became director of the Twin Cities (St. Paul/Minneapolis) Metropolitan Planning Commission. In 1966, Loeks was named chief executive officer of Mid-Hudson Pattern for Progress (Poughkeepsie, New York), a non-profit regional planning and research corporation. He continued to serve in this position until 1980 and from 1973 to 1976 also served as executive director of the Hudson Basin Project. Loeks completed his career at Virginia Tech, serving as a professor and chairman of the graduate program in urban and regional plannning from 1980 to 1988. He also maintained memberships in several organiztions in urban planning, most notably in the American Institute of Planners, in which he served as secretary-treasurer, 1960 to 1962; vice-president, 1962 to 1964; and president, 1964-1966. David Loeks died on January 18, 2006, and was buried in Big Prairie-Everett Cemetery, Big Prairie, Michigan.","Sources \"Conrad David Loeks\" entry, Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/79123526/conrad-david-loeks \"Conrad David Loeks\" entry,  Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Immigration Cards, 1900-1965 database, Ancestry.com,  https://search-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1\u0026dbid=9800\u0026h=4601268\u0026tid=\u0026pid=\u0026queryId=35be018bd48d93003ad9f8e2003691fa\u0026usePUB=true \"Conrad David Loeks\" entry, Texas, U.S., Select County Marriage Records, 1837-1965 database, Ancestry.com,  https://www-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/discoveryui-content/view/22353755:9168 \"Conrad David Loeks\" entry, U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007 database, Ancestry.com,  https://www-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/discoveryui-content/view/43307506:60901"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the C. David Loeks Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the C. David Loeks Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], C. David Loeks Papers, Ms1988-091, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], C. David Loeks Papers, Ms1988-091, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the C. David Loeks Papers commenced in October 2021 and was completed in December 2021. Partial processing of a portion of the collection had been completed prior to 2002.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the C. David Loeks Papers commenced in October 2021 and was completed in December 2021. Partial processing of a portion of the collection had been completed prior to 2002."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the papers of C. David Loeks, a city planner who served as St. Paul city planning director (1952-1957), Twin Cities Metropolitan Planning Commission executive director (1957-1966), Mid-Hudson Pattern for Progress chief executive officer (1966-1980), and Virginia Tech professor of urban and regional planning (1980-1988). The collection consists largely of working papers, reports and publications generated by the various planning agencies in which Loeks served but also contains studies and drawings completed by Loeks for college coursework, texts and background materials from Loeks' speeches, and materials from a few of the courses taught by Loeks at Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of C. David Loeks, a city planner who served as St. Paul city planning director (1952-1957), Twin Cities Metropolitan Planning Commission executive director (1957-1966), Mid-Hudson Pattern for Progress chief executive officer (1966-1980), and Virginia Tech professor of urban and regional planning (1980-1988). The collection consists largely of working papers, reports and publications generated by the various planning agencies in which Loeks served but also contains studies and drawings completed by Loeks for college coursework, texts and background materials from Loeks' speeches, and materials from a few of the courses taught by Loeks at Virginia Tech."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following items were removed from the collection to be cataloged for the rare book collection:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eProceedings of the First International Electric Vehicle Symposium (New York: Electric Vehicle Council, 1969).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSummary Proceedings: Conference on Intelligent Vehicle/Highway Systems Involving Government, Industry, and University ([Blacksburg, VA: Center for Transportation Research, 1990]). \u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The following items were removed from the collection to be cataloged for the rare book collection:","Proceedings of the First International Electric Vehicle Symposium (New York: Electric Vehicle Council, 1969).","Summary Proceedings: Conference on Intelligent Vehicle/Highway Systems Involving Government, Industry, and University ([Blacksburg, VA: Center for Transportation Research, 1990]). "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_00f229af6bcf5323ac33a0f9c5ec5d4a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003ePapers of city planner C. David Loeks (1923-2006), St. Paul city planning director; Twin Cities Metropolitan Planning Commission executive director; Mid-Hudson Pattern for Progress chief executive officer; Hudson Basin Project executive director; and Virginia Tech professor of urban and regional planning, consisting largely of reports and background materials generated by Loeks' work on various planning projects.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Papers of city planner C. David Loeks (1923-2006), St. Paul city planning director; Twin Cities Metropolitan Planning Commission executive director; Mid-Hudson Pattern for Progress chief executive officer; Hudson Basin Project executive director; and Virginia Tech professor of urban and regional planning, consisting largely of reports and background materials generated by Loeks' work on various planning projects."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Urban Affairs and Planning Program"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Urban Affairs and Planning Program","Loeks, C. David (Conrad David), 1923-2006"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Urban Affairs and Planning Program"],"persname_ssim":["Loeks, C. David (Conrad David), 1923-2006"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":151,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:36:04.749Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1596","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1596","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1596","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1596","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1596.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Loeks, C. David Papers","title_ssm":["C. David Loeks Papers"],"title_tesim":["C. David Loeks Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1947-1997"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1947-1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1988.091"],"text":["Ms.1988.091","C. David Loeks Papers","Faculty and staff","University History","City planning","The collection is open to research.","The collection is arranged in six series:","Series I, Personal Papers, 1948-1994. This series contains papers not directly related to Loeks' service with various planning agencies or at Virginia Tech. Included are biographical sketches and curricula vitae, as well as a small selection of personal correspondence, personal papers, and photographs. The collection also includes papers and drawings completed by Loeks for his academic coursework and two copies of the Speing 1948 issue of  Horizons , containing Loeks' entry in the Landscape Exchange competition. Also contained in the series are papers relating to Loeks' membership in the American Institute of Planners, including speeches by Loeks and notes and slides from a 1965 AIP tour of Russia. Arranged by material type, then chronologically.","Series II, St. Paul City Planning Board, 1952-1957. This small series contains working papers and formal reports generated during Loeks' time on the board, as well as related news articles and photographic slides.  Arranged by material type, then chronologically.","Series III, Twin Cities Metropolitan Planning Commission, 1958-1986. Loeks' service on the Twin Cities MPC is documented here through correspondence, working papers, and published reports. Also included in the series are reports and slides from a 1960 world tour, as well as smaller tours of Puerto Rico (1960) and South Africa and South America (1962), all taken by Loeks for the Twin Cities MPC through grants from the Ford Foundation.  Arranged by material type, then chronologically.","Series IV, Mid-Hudson Pattern for Progress, 1958-2000. This series consists largely of planning studies and reports generated by Pattern for Progress but also contains texts from Loeks' speeches and papers, as well as background materials.  Arranged by material type, then chronologically.","Series V, Hudson Basin Project, 1973-1976. This series contains working papers and formal reports generated by the project, a three-year study of the environmental issues facing the New York metropolitan area and the Hudson River watershed.  Arranged by material type, then chronologically.","Series VI, Virginia Tech, 1980-1997. The papers in this series document a few courses taught by Loeks, with course notes and background material. The series also contains texts of presentations given outside the classroom. Also included is a small file of material relating to Loeks' consultations on municipal planning in Blacksburg, Virginia and Staunton, Virginia.","Landscape architect and urban planner Conrad David Loeks, son of John W. and Jeannette Boerma Loeks, was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan on April 7, 1923. On September 1, 1943, Loeks married Julie Anne Kruse (1923-2008) in Nueces, Texas; the couple had two children. Following service in the United States Navy Reserve, Loeks obtained a B. S. in landscape architecture at Michigan State University (1948) and an master's degree in city and regional planning at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1950). Loeks served as city planning director for St. Paul, Minnesota from 1950 until 1958, when he became director of the Twin Cities (St. Paul/Minneapolis) Metropolitan Planning Commission. In 1966, Loeks was named chief executive officer of Mid-Hudson Pattern for Progress (Poughkeepsie, New York), a non-profit regional planning and research corporation. He continued to serve in this position until 1980 and from 1973 to 1976 also served as executive director of the Hudson Basin Project. Loeks completed his career at Virginia Tech, serving as a professor and chairman of the graduate program in urban and regional plannning from 1980 to 1988. He also maintained memberships in several organiztions in urban planning, most notably in the American Institute of Planners, in which he served as secretary-treasurer, 1960 to 1962; vice-president, 1962 to 1964; and president, 1964-1966. David Loeks died on January 18, 2006, and was buried in Big Prairie-Everett Cemetery, Big Prairie, Michigan.","Sources \"Conrad David Loeks\" entry, Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/79123526/conrad-david-loeks \"Conrad David Loeks\" entry,  Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Immigration Cards, 1900-1965 database, Ancestry.com,  https://search-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1\u0026dbid=9800\u0026h=4601268\u0026tid=\u0026pid=\u0026queryId=35be018bd48d93003ad9f8e2003691fa\u0026usePUB=true \"Conrad David Loeks\" entry, Texas, U.S., Select County Marriage Records, 1837-1965 database, Ancestry.com,  https://www-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/discoveryui-content/view/22353755:9168 \"Conrad David Loeks\" entry, U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007 database, Ancestry.com,  https://www-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/discoveryui-content/view/43307506:60901","The guide to the C. David Loeks Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the C. David Loeks Papers commenced in October 2021 and was completed in December 2021. Partial processing of a portion of the collection had been completed prior to 2002.","This collection contains the papers of C. David Loeks, a city planner who served as St. Paul city planning director (1952-1957), Twin Cities Metropolitan Planning Commission executive director (1957-1966), Mid-Hudson Pattern for Progress chief executive officer (1966-1980), and Virginia Tech professor of urban and regional planning (1980-1988). The collection consists largely of working papers, reports and publications generated by the various planning agencies in which Loeks served but also contains studies and drawings completed by Loeks for college coursework, texts and background materials from Loeks' speeches, and materials from a few of the courses taught by Loeks at Virginia Tech.","The following items were removed from the collection to be cataloged for the rare book collection:","Proceedings of the First International Electric Vehicle Symposium (New York: Electric Vehicle Council, 1969).","Summary Proceedings: Conference on Intelligent Vehicle/Highway Systems Involving Government, Industry, and University ([Blacksburg, VA: Center for Transportation Research, 1990]). ","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Papers of city planner C. David Loeks (1923-2006), St. Paul city planning director; Twin Cities Metropolitan Planning Commission executive director; Mid-Hudson Pattern for Progress chief executive officer; Hudson Basin Project executive director; and Virginia Tech professor of urban and regional planning, consisting largely of reports and background materials generated by Loeks' work on various planning projects.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Urban Affairs and Planning Program","Loeks, C. David (Conrad David), 1923-2006","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1988.091"],"normalized_title_ssm":["C. David Loeks Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["C. David Loeks Papers"],"collection_ssim":["C. David Loeks Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Loeks, C. David (Conrad David), 1923-2006"],"creator_ssim":["Loeks, C. David (Conrad David), 1923-2006"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Loeks, C. David (Conrad David), 1923-2006"],"creators_ssim":["Loeks, C. David (Conrad David), 1923-2006"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated to Special Collections and University Archives in 1988 and 2005."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Faculty and staff","University History","City planning"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Faculty and staff","University History","City planning"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7.7 Cubic Feet 15 boxes; 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["7.7 Cubic Feet 15 boxes; 1 oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in six series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I, Personal Papers, 1948-1994. This series contains papers not directly related to Loeks' service with various planning agencies or at Virginia Tech. Included are biographical sketches and curricula vitae, as well as a small selection of personal correspondence, personal papers, and photographs. The collection also includes papers and drawings completed by Loeks for his academic coursework and two copies of the Speing 1948 issue of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHorizons\u003c/title\u003e, containing Loeks' entry in the Landscape Exchange competition. Also contained in the series are papers relating to Loeks' membership in the American Institute of Planners, including speeches by Loeks and notes and slides from a 1965 AIP tour of Russia. Arranged by material type, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II, St. Paul City Planning Board, 1952-1957. This small series contains working papers and formal reports generated during Loeks' time on the board, as well as related news articles and photographic slides.  Arranged by material type, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III, Twin Cities Metropolitan Planning Commission, 1958-1986. Loeks' service on the Twin Cities MPC is documented here through correspondence, working papers, and published reports. Also included in the series are reports and slides from a 1960 world tour, as well as smaller tours of Puerto Rico (1960) and South Africa and South America (1962), all taken by Loeks for the Twin Cities MPC through grants from the Ford Foundation.  Arranged by material type, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV, Mid-Hudson Pattern for Progress, 1958-2000. This series consists largely of planning studies and reports generated by Pattern for Progress but also contains texts from Loeks' speeches and papers, as well as background materials.  Arranged by material type, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V, Hudson Basin Project, 1973-1976. This series contains working papers and formal reports generated by the project, a three-year study of the environmental issues facing the New York metropolitan area and the Hudson River watershed.  Arranged by material type, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI, Virginia Tech, 1980-1997. The papers in this series document a few courses taught by Loeks, with course notes and background material. The series also contains texts of presentations given outside the classroom. Also included is a small file of material relating to Loeks' consultations on municipal planning in Blacksburg, Virginia and Staunton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in six series:","Series I, Personal Papers, 1948-1994. This series contains papers not directly related to Loeks' service with various planning agencies or at Virginia Tech. Included are biographical sketches and curricula vitae, as well as a small selection of personal correspondence, personal papers, and photographs. The collection also includes papers and drawings completed by Loeks for his academic coursework and two copies of the Speing 1948 issue of  Horizons , containing Loeks' entry in the Landscape Exchange competition. Also contained in the series are papers relating to Loeks' membership in the American Institute of Planners, including speeches by Loeks and notes and slides from a 1965 AIP tour of Russia. Arranged by material type, then chronologically.","Series II, St. Paul City Planning Board, 1952-1957. This small series contains working papers and formal reports generated during Loeks' time on the board, as well as related news articles and photographic slides.  Arranged by material type, then chronologically.","Series III, Twin Cities Metropolitan Planning Commission, 1958-1986. Loeks' service on the Twin Cities MPC is documented here through correspondence, working papers, and published reports. Also included in the series are reports and slides from a 1960 world tour, as well as smaller tours of Puerto Rico (1960) and South Africa and South America (1962), all taken by Loeks for the Twin Cities MPC through grants from the Ford Foundation.  Arranged by material type, then chronologically.","Series IV, Mid-Hudson Pattern for Progress, 1958-2000. This series consists largely of planning studies and reports generated by Pattern for Progress but also contains texts from Loeks' speeches and papers, as well as background materials.  Arranged by material type, then chronologically.","Series V, Hudson Basin Project, 1973-1976. This series contains working papers and formal reports generated by the project, a three-year study of the environmental issues facing the New York metropolitan area and the Hudson River watershed.  Arranged by material type, then chronologically.","Series VI, Virginia Tech, 1980-1997. The papers in this series document a few courses taught by Loeks, with course notes and background material. The series also contains texts of presentations given outside the classroom. Also included is a small file of material relating to Loeks' consultations on municipal planning in Blacksburg, Virginia and Staunton, Virginia."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLandscape architect and urban planner Conrad David Loeks, son of John W. and Jeannette Boerma Loeks, was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan on April 7, 1923. On September 1, 1943, Loeks married Julie Anne Kruse (1923-2008) in Nueces, Texas; the couple had two children. Following service in the United States Navy Reserve, Loeks obtained a B. S. in landscape architecture at Michigan State University (1948) and an master's degree in city and regional planning at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1950). Loeks served as city planning director for St. Paul, Minnesota from 1950 until 1958, when he became director of the Twin Cities (St. Paul/Minneapolis) Metropolitan Planning Commission. In 1966, Loeks was named chief executive officer of Mid-Hudson Pattern for Progress (Poughkeepsie, New York), a non-profit regional planning and research corporation. He continued to serve in this position until 1980 and from 1973 to 1976 also served as executive director of the Hudson Basin Project. Loeks completed his career at Virginia Tech, serving as a professor and chairman of the graduate program in urban and regional plannning from 1980 to 1988. He also maintained memberships in several organiztions in urban planning, most notably in the American Institute of Planners, in which he served as secretary-treasurer, 1960 to 1962; vice-president, 1962 to 1964; and president, 1964-1966. David Loeks died on January 18, 2006, and was buried in Big Prairie-Everett Cemetery, Big Prairie, Michigan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSources\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\"Conrad David Loeks\" entry, Findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/79123526/conrad-david-loeks\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/79123526/conrad-david-loeks\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\"Conrad David Loeks\" entry,  Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Immigration Cards, 1900-1965 database, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://search-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1\u0026amp;dbid=9800\u0026amp;h=4601268\u0026amp;tid=\u0026amp;pid=\u0026amp;queryId=35be018bd48d93003ad9f8e2003691fa\u0026amp;usePUB=true\"\u003ehttps://search-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1\u0026amp;dbid=9800\u0026amp;h=4601268\u0026amp;tid=\u0026amp;pid=\u0026amp;queryId=35be018bd48d93003ad9f8e2003691fa\u0026amp;usePUB=true\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\"Conrad David Loeks\" entry, Texas, U.S., Select County Marriage Records, 1837-1965 database, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/discoveryui-content/view/22353755:9168\"\u003ehttps://www-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/discoveryui-content/view/22353755:9168\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\"Conrad David Loeks\" entry, U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007 database, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/discoveryui-content/view/43307506:60901\"\u003ehttps://www-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/discoveryui-content/view/43307506:60901\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Landscape architect and urban planner Conrad David Loeks, son of John W. and Jeannette Boerma Loeks, was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan on April 7, 1923. On September 1, 1943, Loeks married Julie Anne Kruse (1923-2008) in Nueces, Texas; the couple had two children. Following service in the United States Navy Reserve, Loeks obtained a B. S. in landscape architecture at Michigan State University (1948) and an master's degree in city and regional planning at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1950). Loeks served as city planning director for St. Paul, Minnesota from 1950 until 1958, when he became director of the Twin Cities (St. Paul/Minneapolis) Metropolitan Planning Commission. In 1966, Loeks was named chief executive officer of Mid-Hudson Pattern for Progress (Poughkeepsie, New York), a non-profit regional planning and research corporation. He continued to serve in this position until 1980 and from 1973 to 1976 also served as executive director of the Hudson Basin Project. Loeks completed his career at Virginia Tech, serving as a professor and chairman of the graduate program in urban and regional plannning from 1980 to 1988. He also maintained memberships in several organiztions in urban planning, most notably in the American Institute of Planners, in which he served as secretary-treasurer, 1960 to 1962; vice-president, 1962 to 1964; and president, 1964-1966. David Loeks died on January 18, 2006, and was buried in Big Prairie-Everett Cemetery, Big Prairie, Michigan.","Sources \"Conrad David Loeks\" entry, Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/79123526/conrad-david-loeks \"Conrad David Loeks\" entry,  Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Immigration Cards, 1900-1965 database, Ancestry.com,  https://search-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1\u0026dbid=9800\u0026h=4601268\u0026tid=\u0026pid=\u0026queryId=35be018bd48d93003ad9f8e2003691fa\u0026usePUB=true \"Conrad David Loeks\" entry, Texas, U.S., Select County Marriage Records, 1837-1965 database, Ancestry.com,  https://www-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/discoveryui-content/view/22353755:9168 \"Conrad David Loeks\" entry, U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007 database, Ancestry.com,  https://www-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/discoveryui-content/view/43307506:60901"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the C. David Loeks Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the C. David Loeks Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], C. David Loeks Papers, Ms1988-091, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], C. David Loeks Papers, Ms1988-091, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the C. David Loeks Papers commenced in October 2021 and was completed in December 2021. Partial processing of a portion of the collection had been completed prior to 2002.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the C. David Loeks Papers commenced in October 2021 and was completed in December 2021. Partial processing of a portion of the collection had been completed prior to 2002."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the papers of C. David Loeks, a city planner who served as St. Paul city planning director (1952-1957), Twin Cities Metropolitan Planning Commission executive director (1957-1966), Mid-Hudson Pattern for Progress chief executive officer (1966-1980), and Virginia Tech professor of urban and regional planning (1980-1988). The collection consists largely of working papers, reports and publications generated by the various planning agencies in which Loeks served but also contains studies and drawings completed by Loeks for college coursework, texts and background materials from Loeks' speeches, and materials from a few of the courses taught by Loeks at Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of C. David Loeks, a city planner who served as St. Paul city planning director (1952-1957), Twin Cities Metropolitan Planning Commission executive director (1957-1966), Mid-Hudson Pattern for Progress chief executive officer (1966-1980), and Virginia Tech professor of urban and regional planning (1980-1988). The collection consists largely of working papers, reports and publications generated by the various planning agencies in which Loeks served but also contains studies and drawings completed by Loeks for college coursework, texts and background materials from Loeks' speeches, and materials from a few of the courses taught by Loeks at Virginia Tech."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following items were removed from the collection to be cataloged for the rare book collection:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eProceedings of the First International Electric Vehicle Symposium (New York: Electric Vehicle Council, 1969).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSummary Proceedings: Conference on Intelligent Vehicle/Highway Systems Involving Government, Industry, and University ([Blacksburg, VA: Center for Transportation Research, 1990]). \u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The following items were removed from the collection to be cataloged for the rare book collection:","Proceedings of the First International Electric Vehicle Symposium (New York: Electric Vehicle Council, 1969).","Summary Proceedings: Conference on Intelligent Vehicle/Highway Systems Involving Government, Industry, and University ([Blacksburg, VA: Center for Transportation Research, 1990]). "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_00f229af6bcf5323ac33a0f9c5ec5d4a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003ePapers of city planner C. David Loeks (1923-2006), St. Paul city planning director; Twin Cities Metropolitan Planning Commission executive director; Mid-Hudson Pattern for Progress chief executive officer; Hudson Basin Project executive director; and Virginia Tech professor of urban and regional planning, consisting largely of reports and background materials generated by Loeks' work on various planning projects.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Papers of city planner C. David Loeks (1923-2006), St. Paul city planning director; Twin Cities Metropolitan Planning Commission executive director; Mid-Hudson Pattern for Progress chief executive officer; Hudson Basin Project executive director; and Virginia Tech professor of urban and regional planning, consisting largely of reports and background materials generated by Loeks' work on various planning projects."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Urban Affairs and Planning Program"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Urban Affairs and Planning Program","Loeks, C. David (Conrad David), 1923-2006"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Urban Affairs and Planning Program"],"persname_ssim":["Loeks, C. David (Conrad David), 1923-2006"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":151,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:36:04.749Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1596"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_146","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"David Pass papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_146#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Pass, David","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_146#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The David Pass papers contain correspondence, oral histories, research files, photographs, maps, and plans that document the development and study of new towns in the United States and internationally, particularly Sweden. The collection thoroughly documents Pass's career at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden, the Urban Development Corporation in New York, and the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development in Washington, D.C. Although the inclusive dates span from 1934 to 2001, the bulk of the collection dates from the early 1960s to the early 1980s.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_146#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_146","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_146","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_146","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_146","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_146.xml","title_ssm":["David Pass papers"],"title_tesim":["David Pass papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1934-2001"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1934-2001"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0037","/repositories/2/resources/146"],"text":["C0037","/repositories/2/resources/146","David Pass papers","Reston (Va.)","New towns","Housing -- Sweden","Housing -- New York (State)","Housing","City planning -- Sweden -- Stockholm","City planning -- New York (State) -- New York","City planning","Planned communities -- Stockholm -- Sweden","Planned communities -- New York (State)","Planned communities","New towns -- Sweden -- Stockholm","New towns -- New York (State)","Slides (Photography)","Oral histories","Photographs","Correspondence","There are no access restrictions.","Arranged into six series:","Series Series 1: Correspondence, 1960s-1980s (Box 1) Series 2: Oral Histories, 1966-1967 (Boxes 1-5) Series 3: Research and Writing Files, 1934-2001 (Boxes 6-29) Series 4: Reston, 1966-1996 (Boxes 30-31) Series 5: Photographs and Slides, 1960s-1980s (Boxes 31-32) Series 6: Audiovisual, 1966-1967 (Boxes 33-34) Series 7: Oversize, 1960s-1970s (Box 35)","David Pass was born on January 14, 1938 in Paterson, New Jersey, and graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1954. Pass earned a B.A. from Columbia University in New York in 1958, a M.A. from the Architecture School in 1962, a B.S. from the Engineering School in 1964, a M.A. in city planning from University of California in Berkeley (also in 1964), and the equivalent of a Ph.D. in city planning from the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm in 1969. During his years as a student, he worked primarily as a planner for both public and private organizations in New York, Sweden, and California. From 1964-1969, he worked in the Royal Institute of Technology as the project director and chief researcher on \"Vallingby and Farsta: The Suburban Development process in a Large Swedish City,\" which was later published as a book by MIT Press. Following his work in Sweden, he returned to the United States to work as the Director of New Communities and Environmental Quality in the New York State Urban Development Corporation. A career employee of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development from 1973 until his 2003 retirement, Pass worked as the Senior Financial and Economic Advisor in the New Community Development Corporation and, late in his career, in Indian Affairs. In addition to writing \"Vallingby and Farsta from Idea to Reality: the New Community Development Process in Stockholm\" (1973), he also wrote \"New Communities in New York State\" (1971) and many other articles on new towns in Sweden and the United States. He died in Bethesda, Maryland, on July 18, 2007.","Documents removed from folders binders were placed together into acid-free folders with a photocopy of the original binder and folder information. Selected books relating to urban planning and new towns were placed in the Special Collections and Archives reference collection. ","Processed in September 2008 by Jordan Patty. EAD markup completed in September 2008 by Jordan Patty. ","The Special Collections Research Center also holds collections on planned communities, transportation, and urban development.","The David Pass papers contain correspondence, oral histories, research files, photographs, maps, and plans that document the development and study of new towns in the United States and internationally, particularly Sweden. The collection thoroughly documents Pass's career at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden, the Urban Development Corporation in New York, and the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development in Washington, D.C. Although the inclusive dates span from 1934 to 2001, the bulk of the collection dates from the early 1960s to the early 1980s. ","The correspondence in Series 1 consists of communication between David Pass and colleagues during his time in Sweden in the 1960s and with the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development in the 1970s and 1980s. There is also correspondence related to Pass's efforts to publish his work on new towns in Sweden in the 1960s and correspondence during his time with the New York Urban Development Corporation in the early 1970s. ","Series 2 contains oral histories from David Pass's work on new towns in Sweden. Pass interviewed many people involved with the development and financing of new towns, particularly Farsta and Vallingby. The conversations cover the acquisition of land, the planning of the towns, and the construction. The oral histories are numbered according to a scheme created by Pass. This series also includes unedited transcripts. The original binder labels were photocopied prior to being discarded, and the photocopies were placed with the appropriate oral histories. The transcripts are in both English and Swedish. ","The research and writing files in Series 3 contain substantial documentation on new towns both in the United States and internationally. Types of documents include reports, conference papers, and publications, some of which are authored by Pass. Other documents consist of clippings and correspondence. Most of the material from the 1960s covers planning and development issues most likely used by Pass for his writing and well as in his day-to-day work at the Department of City Planning in Stockholm, Sweden . The files from the 1970s and 1980s focus more on Pass's work as an analyst for the New York Urban Development Corporation and the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. The documents contain descriptions of United States new town development in Reston, Virginia; Los Angeles, California; Columbia, Maryland; Lysander, New York; Welfare Island, New York; and Energy New Towns in the West with the Department of Energy. There is significant correspondence with regards to the Lysander and Welfare Island developments in New York in the 1970s. The international new town developments described in the documents include towns in France, London, and Vallingby, Farsta, and Stockholm in Sweden. The conference documents include information on the International New Town Association (1983) and the League of New Community Developers. The research and conference files from the early 1980s reflect Pass's growing interest in new town computer modeling. The files are arranged alphabetically by folder title. ","Series 4 contains information about Reston and the Moorings Cluster Association that Pass collected when he lived there from the 1970s to the 1990s. There are multiple publications on the regulations created by the Reston Home Owners Association, which later became the Reston Association. The regulations specifically focus on design guidelines. Also included are meeting agendas for the Reston Association as well the Moorings Cluster Association on Lake Anne where Pass lived. ","Series 5 consists of images of new towns in Reston, Virginia; Columbia, Maryland; Stockholm, Sweden; and Paris, France. There are also images of New York City. The subjects include buildings, street scenes, maps, and models. Some of the slides were used in presentations and also contain charts and graphs illustrating population growth and financial projections. There are also some large ariel images of the Stockholm area. The photographs are mostly 8\"x10\", and the slides are standard size. The slides in box 31 are glass plate and were used with the script \"New Communities for New York\" in box 30, folder 2. Some of the larger photographs were placed in the oversize series. ","Series 6 contains 15 reel-to-reel audiotapes with interviews conducted by Pass during his new town research in Sweden. Series 2 contains the edited and unedited transcripts. ","Series 7 consists mostly of maps and plans of Farsta and other towns and cities in Sweden. There is also a large plan for Reston, Virginia, a Spanish Tourism poster, and \"Vallingby and Farsta\" book cover artwork. Some of the oversize New York new town files and ariel photographs of Sweden are in this series as well. ","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The David Pass papers contain correspondence, oral histories, research files, photographs, maps, and plans that document the development and study of new towns in the United States and internationally, particularly Sweden. The collection thoroughly documents Pass's career at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden, the Urban Development Corporation in New York, and the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development in Washington, D.C. Although the inclusive dates span from 1934 to 2001, the bulk of the collection dates from the early 1960s to the early 1980s.","Map Case 11.5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Kungl. Tekniska högskolan","New York State Urban Development Corporation","United States. Department of Housing and Urban Development","Pass, David","English"],"unitid_tesim":["C0037","/repositories/2/resources/146"],"normalized_title_ssm":["David Pass papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["David Pass papers"],"collection_ssim":["David Pass papers"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Reston (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Reston (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Pass, David"],"creator_ssim":["Pass, David"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Pass, David"],"creators_ssim":["Pass, David"],"places_ssim":["Reston (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by the estate of David Pass, July 25, 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["New towns","Housing -- Sweden","Housing -- New York (State)","Housing","City planning -- Sweden -- Stockholm","City planning -- New York (State) -- New York","City planning","Planned communities -- Stockholm -- Sweden","Planned communities -- New York (State)","Planned communities","New towns -- Sweden -- Stockholm","New towns -- New York (State)","Slides (Photography)","Oral histories","Photographs","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["New towns","Housing -- Sweden","Housing -- New York (State)","Housing","City planning -- Sweden -- Stockholm","City planning -- New York (State) -- New York","City planning","Planned communities -- Stockholm -- Sweden","Planned communities -- New York (State)","Planned communities","New towns -- Sweden -- Stockholm","New towns -- New York (State)","Slides (Photography)","Oral histories","Photographs","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17 Linear Feet 35 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["17 Linear Feet 35 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Oral histories","Photographs","Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into six series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1960s-1980s (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Oral Histories, 1966-1967 (Boxes 1-5)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Research and Writing Files, 1934-2001 (Boxes 6-29)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Reston, 1966-1996 (Boxes 30-31)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Photographs and Slides, 1960s-1980s (Boxes 31-32)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Audiovisual, 1966-1967 (Boxes 33-34)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Oversize, 1960s-1970s (Box 35)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into six series:","Series Series 1: Correspondence, 1960s-1980s (Box 1) Series 2: Oral Histories, 1966-1967 (Boxes 1-5) Series 3: Research and Writing Files, 1934-2001 (Boxes 6-29) Series 4: Reston, 1966-1996 (Boxes 30-31) Series 5: Photographs and Slides, 1960s-1980s (Boxes 31-32) Series 6: Audiovisual, 1966-1967 (Boxes 33-34) Series 7: Oversize, 1960s-1970s (Box 35)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDavid Pass was born on January 14, 1938 in Paterson, New Jersey, and graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1954. Pass earned a B.A. from Columbia University in New York in 1958, a M.A. from the Architecture School in 1962, a B.S. from the Engineering School in 1964, a M.A. in city planning from University of California in Berkeley (also in 1964), and the equivalent of a Ph.D. in city planning from the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm in 1969. During his years as a student, he worked primarily as a planner for both public and private organizations in New York, Sweden, and California. From 1964-1969, he worked in the Royal Institute of Technology as the project director and chief researcher on \"Vallingby and Farsta: The Suburban Development process in a Large Swedish City,\" which was later published as a book by MIT Press. Following his work in Sweden, he returned to the United States to work as the Director of New Communities and Environmental Quality in the New York State Urban Development Corporation. A career employee of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development from 1973 until his 2003 retirement, Pass worked as the Senior Financial and Economic Advisor in the New Community Development Corporation and, late in his career, in Indian Affairs. In addition to writing \"Vallingby and Farsta from Idea to Reality: the New Community Development Process in Stockholm\" (1973), he also wrote \"New Communities in New York State\" (1971) and many other articles on new towns in Sweden and the United States. He died in Bethesda, Maryland, on July 18, 2007.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["David Pass was born on January 14, 1938 in Paterson, New Jersey, and graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1954. Pass earned a B.A. from Columbia University in New York in 1958, a M.A. from the Architecture School in 1962, a B.S. from the Engineering School in 1964, a M.A. in city planning from University of California in Berkeley (also in 1964), and the equivalent of a Ph.D. in city planning from the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm in 1969. During his years as a student, he worked primarily as a planner for both public and private organizations in New York, Sweden, and California. From 1964-1969, he worked in the Royal Institute of Technology as the project director and chief researcher on \"Vallingby and Farsta: The Suburban Development process in a Large Swedish City,\" which was later published as a book by MIT Press. Following his work in Sweden, he returned to the United States to work as the Director of New Communities and Environmental Quality in the New York State Urban Development Corporation. A career employee of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development from 1973 until his 2003 retirement, Pass worked as the Senior Financial and Economic Advisor in the New Community Development Corporation and, late in his career, in Indian Affairs. In addition to writing \"Vallingby and Farsta from Idea to Reality: the New Community Development Process in Stockholm\" (1973), he also wrote \"New Communities in New York State\" (1971) and many other articles on new towns in Sweden and the United States. He died in Bethesda, Maryland, on July 18, 2007."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDavid Pass papers, C0037, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["David Pass papers, C0037, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDocuments removed from folders binders were placed together into acid-free folders with a photocopy of the original binder and folder information. Selected books relating to urban planning and new towns were placed in the Special Collections and Archives reference collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessed in September 2008 by Jordan Patty. EAD markup completed in September 2008 by Jordan Patty. \u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Documents removed from folders binders were placed together into acid-free folders with a photocopy of the original binder and folder information. Selected books relating to urban planning and new towns were placed in the Special Collections and Archives reference collection. ","Processed in September 2008 by Jordan Patty. EAD markup completed in September 2008 by Jordan Patty. "],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds collections on planned communities, transportation, and urban development.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds collections on planned communities, transportation, and urban development."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe David Pass papers contain correspondence, oral histories, research files, photographs, maps, and plans that document the development and study of new towns in the United States and internationally, particularly Sweden. The collection thoroughly documents Pass's career at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden, the Urban Development Corporation in New York, and the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development in Washington, D.C. Although the inclusive dates span from 1934 to 2001, the bulk of the collection dates from the early 1960s to the early 1980s. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence in Series 1 consists of communication between David Pass and colleagues during his time in Sweden in the 1960s and with the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development in the 1970s and 1980s. There is also correspondence related to Pass's efforts to publish his work on new towns in Sweden in the 1960s and correspondence during his time with the New York Urban Development Corporation in the early 1970s. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 contains oral histories from David Pass's work on new towns in Sweden. Pass interviewed many people involved with the development and financing of new towns, particularly Farsta and Vallingby. The conversations cover the acquisition of land, the planning of the towns, and the construction. The oral histories are numbered according to a scheme created by Pass. This series also includes unedited transcripts. The original binder labels were photocopied prior to being discarded, and the photocopies were placed with the appropriate oral histories. The transcripts are in both English and Swedish. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe research and writing files in Series 3 contain substantial documentation on new towns both in the United States and internationally. Types of documents include reports, conference papers, and publications, some of which are authored by Pass. Other documents consist of clippings and correspondence. Most of the material from the 1960s covers planning and development issues most likely used by Pass for his writing and well as in his day-to-day work at the Department of City Planning in Stockholm, Sweden . The files from the 1970s and 1980s focus more on Pass's work as an analyst for the New York Urban Development Corporation and the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. The documents contain descriptions of United States new town development in Reston, Virginia; Los Angeles, California; Columbia, Maryland; Lysander, New York; Welfare Island, New York; and Energy New Towns in the West with the Department of Energy. There is significant correspondence with regards to the Lysander and Welfare Island developments in New York in the 1970s. The international new town developments described in the documents include towns in France, London, and Vallingby, Farsta, and Stockholm in Sweden. The conference documents include information on the International New Town Association (1983) and the League of New Community Developers. The research and conference files from the early 1980s reflect Pass's growing interest in new town computer modeling. The files are arranged alphabetically by folder title. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4 contains information about Reston and the Moorings Cluster Association that Pass collected when he lived there from the 1970s to the 1990s. There are multiple publications on the regulations created by the Reston Home Owners Association, which later became the Reston Association. The regulations specifically focus on design guidelines. Also included are meeting agendas for the Reston Association as well the Moorings Cluster Association on Lake Anne where Pass lived. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5 consists of images of new towns in Reston, Virginia; Columbia, Maryland; Stockholm, Sweden; and Paris, France. There are also images of New York City. The subjects include buildings, street scenes, maps, and models. Some of the slides were used in presentations and also contain charts and graphs illustrating population growth and financial projections. There are also some large ariel images of the Stockholm area. The photographs are mostly 8\"x10\", and the slides are standard size. The slides in box 31 are glass plate and were used with the script \"New Communities for New York\" in box 30, folder 2. Some of the larger photographs were placed in the oversize series. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6 contains 15 reel-to-reel audiotapes with interviews conducted by Pass during his new town research in Sweden. Series 2 contains the edited and unedited transcripts. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7 consists mostly of maps and plans of Farsta and other towns and cities in Sweden. There is also a large plan for Reston, Virginia, a Spanish Tourism poster, and \"Vallingby and Farsta\" book cover artwork. Some of the oversize New York new town files and ariel photographs of Sweden are in this series as well. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The David Pass papers contain correspondence, oral histories, research files, photographs, maps, and plans that document the development and study of new towns in the United States and internationally, particularly Sweden. The collection thoroughly documents Pass's career at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden, the Urban Development Corporation in New York, and the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development in Washington, D.C. Although the inclusive dates span from 1934 to 2001, the bulk of the collection dates from the early 1960s to the early 1980s. ","The correspondence in Series 1 consists of communication between David Pass and colleagues during his time in Sweden in the 1960s and with the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development in the 1970s and 1980s. There is also correspondence related to Pass's efforts to publish his work on new towns in Sweden in the 1960s and correspondence during his time with the New York Urban Development Corporation in the early 1970s. ","Series 2 contains oral histories from David Pass's work on new towns in Sweden. Pass interviewed many people involved with the development and financing of new towns, particularly Farsta and Vallingby. The conversations cover the acquisition of land, the planning of the towns, and the construction. The oral histories are numbered according to a scheme created by Pass. This series also includes unedited transcripts. The original binder labels were photocopied prior to being discarded, and the photocopies were placed with the appropriate oral histories. The transcripts are in both English and Swedish. ","The research and writing files in Series 3 contain substantial documentation on new towns both in the United States and internationally. Types of documents include reports, conference papers, and publications, some of which are authored by Pass. Other documents consist of clippings and correspondence. Most of the material from the 1960s covers planning and development issues most likely used by Pass for his writing and well as in his day-to-day work at the Department of City Planning in Stockholm, Sweden . The files from the 1970s and 1980s focus more on Pass's work as an analyst for the New York Urban Development Corporation and the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. The documents contain descriptions of United States new town development in Reston, Virginia; Los Angeles, California; Columbia, Maryland; Lysander, New York; Welfare Island, New York; and Energy New Towns in the West with the Department of Energy. There is significant correspondence with regards to the Lysander and Welfare Island developments in New York in the 1970s. The international new town developments described in the documents include towns in France, London, and Vallingby, Farsta, and Stockholm in Sweden. The conference documents include information on the International New Town Association (1983) and the League of New Community Developers. The research and conference files from the early 1980s reflect Pass's growing interest in new town computer modeling. The files are arranged alphabetically by folder title. ","Series 4 contains information about Reston and the Moorings Cluster Association that Pass collected when he lived there from the 1970s to the 1990s. There are multiple publications on the regulations created by the Reston Home Owners Association, which later became the Reston Association. The regulations specifically focus on design guidelines. Also included are meeting agendas for the Reston Association as well the Moorings Cluster Association on Lake Anne where Pass lived. ","Series 5 consists of images of new towns in Reston, Virginia; Columbia, Maryland; Stockholm, Sweden; and Paris, France. There are also images of New York City. The subjects include buildings, street scenes, maps, and models. Some of the slides were used in presentations and also contain charts and graphs illustrating population growth and financial projections. There are also some large ariel images of the Stockholm area. The photographs are mostly 8\"x10\", and the slides are standard size. The slides in box 31 are glass plate and were used with the script \"New Communities for New York\" in box 30, folder 2. Some of the larger photographs were placed in the oversize series. ","Series 6 contains 15 reel-to-reel audiotapes with interviews conducted by Pass during his new town research in Sweden. Series 2 contains the edited and unedited transcripts. ","Series 7 consists mostly of maps and plans of Farsta and other towns and cities in Sweden. There is also a large plan for Reston, Virginia, a Spanish Tourism poster, and \"Vallingby and Farsta\" book cover artwork. Some of the oversize New York new town files and ariel photographs of Sweden are in this series as well. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5cd28a5fbc8e95c7992a530f36a28cc6\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe David Pass papers contain correspondence, oral histories, research files, photographs, maps, and plans that document the development and study of new towns in the United States and internationally, particularly Sweden. The collection thoroughly documents Pass's career at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden, the Urban Development Corporation in New York, and the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development in Washington, D.C. Although the inclusive dates span from 1934 to 2001, the bulk of the collection dates from the early 1960s to the early 1980s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The David Pass papers contain correspondence, oral histories, research files, photographs, maps, and plans that document the development and study of new towns in the United States and internationally, particularly Sweden. The collection thoroughly documents Pass's career at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden, the Urban Development Corporation in New York, and the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development in Washington, D.C. Although the inclusive dates span from 1934 to 2001, the bulk of the collection dates from the early 1960s to the early 1980s."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_f1f9e0b6805f23682c228b27b1b92eb9\"\u003eMap Case 11.5\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Map Case 11.5"],"names_coll_ssim":["Kungl. Tekniska högskolan","New York State Urban Development Corporation","United States. Department of Housing and Urban Development"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Kungl. Tekniska högskolan","New York State Urban Development Corporation","United States. Department of Housing and Urban Development","Pass, David"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Kungl. Tekniska högskolan","New York State Urban Development Corporation","United States. Department of Housing and Urban Development"],"persname_ssim":["Pass, David"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":84,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-08T07:14:33.085Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_146","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_146","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_146","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_146","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_146.xml","title_ssm":["David Pass papers"],"title_tesim":["David Pass papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1934-2001"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1934-2001"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0037","/repositories/2/resources/146"],"text":["C0037","/repositories/2/resources/146","David Pass papers","Reston (Va.)","New towns","Housing -- Sweden","Housing -- New York (State)","Housing","City planning -- Sweden -- Stockholm","City planning -- New York (State) -- New York","City planning","Planned communities -- Stockholm -- Sweden","Planned communities -- New York (State)","Planned communities","New towns -- Sweden -- Stockholm","New towns -- New York (State)","Slides (Photography)","Oral histories","Photographs","Correspondence","There are no access restrictions.","Arranged into six series:","Series Series 1: Correspondence, 1960s-1980s (Box 1) Series 2: Oral Histories, 1966-1967 (Boxes 1-5) Series 3: Research and Writing Files, 1934-2001 (Boxes 6-29) Series 4: Reston, 1966-1996 (Boxes 30-31) Series 5: Photographs and Slides, 1960s-1980s (Boxes 31-32) Series 6: Audiovisual, 1966-1967 (Boxes 33-34) Series 7: Oversize, 1960s-1970s (Box 35)","David Pass was born on January 14, 1938 in Paterson, New Jersey, and graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1954. Pass earned a B.A. from Columbia University in New York in 1958, a M.A. from the Architecture School in 1962, a B.S. from the Engineering School in 1964, a M.A. in city planning from University of California in Berkeley (also in 1964), and the equivalent of a Ph.D. in city planning from the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm in 1969. During his years as a student, he worked primarily as a planner for both public and private organizations in New York, Sweden, and California. From 1964-1969, he worked in the Royal Institute of Technology as the project director and chief researcher on \"Vallingby and Farsta: The Suburban Development process in a Large Swedish City,\" which was later published as a book by MIT Press. Following his work in Sweden, he returned to the United States to work as the Director of New Communities and Environmental Quality in the New York State Urban Development Corporation. A career employee of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development from 1973 until his 2003 retirement, Pass worked as the Senior Financial and Economic Advisor in the New Community Development Corporation and, late in his career, in Indian Affairs. In addition to writing \"Vallingby and Farsta from Idea to Reality: the New Community Development Process in Stockholm\" (1973), he also wrote \"New Communities in New York State\" (1971) and many other articles on new towns in Sweden and the United States. He died in Bethesda, Maryland, on July 18, 2007.","Documents removed from folders binders were placed together into acid-free folders with a photocopy of the original binder and folder information. Selected books relating to urban planning and new towns were placed in the Special Collections and Archives reference collection. ","Processed in September 2008 by Jordan Patty. EAD markup completed in September 2008 by Jordan Patty. ","The Special Collections Research Center also holds collections on planned communities, transportation, and urban development.","The David Pass papers contain correspondence, oral histories, research files, photographs, maps, and plans that document the development and study of new towns in the United States and internationally, particularly Sweden. The collection thoroughly documents Pass's career at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden, the Urban Development Corporation in New York, and the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development in Washington, D.C. Although the inclusive dates span from 1934 to 2001, the bulk of the collection dates from the early 1960s to the early 1980s. ","The correspondence in Series 1 consists of communication between David Pass and colleagues during his time in Sweden in the 1960s and with the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development in the 1970s and 1980s. There is also correspondence related to Pass's efforts to publish his work on new towns in Sweden in the 1960s and correspondence during his time with the New York Urban Development Corporation in the early 1970s. ","Series 2 contains oral histories from David Pass's work on new towns in Sweden. Pass interviewed many people involved with the development and financing of new towns, particularly Farsta and Vallingby. The conversations cover the acquisition of land, the planning of the towns, and the construction. The oral histories are numbered according to a scheme created by Pass. This series also includes unedited transcripts. The original binder labels were photocopied prior to being discarded, and the photocopies were placed with the appropriate oral histories. The transcripts are in both English and Swedish. ","The research and writing files in Series 3 contain substantial documentation on new towns both in the United States and internationally. Types of documents include reports, conference papers, and publications, some of which are authored by Pass. Other documents consist of clippings and correspondence. Most of the material from the 1960s covers planning and development issues most likely used by Pass for his writing and well as in his day-to-day work at the Department of City Planning in Stockholm, Sweden . The files from the 1970s and 1980s focus more on Pass's work as an analyst for the New York Urban Development Corporation and the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. The documents contain descriptions of United States new town development in Reston, Virginia; Los Angeles, California; Columbia, Maryland; Lysander, New York; Welfare Island, New York; and Energy New Towns in the West with the Department of Energy. There is significant correspondence with regards to the Lysander and Welfare Island developments in New York in the 1970s. The international new town developments described in the documents include towns in France, London, and Vallingby, Farsta, and Stockholm in Sweden. The conference documents include information on the International New Town Association (1983) and the League of New Community Developers. The research and conference files from the early 1980s reflect Pass's growing interest in new town computer modeling. The files are arranged alphabetically by folder title. ","Series 4 contains information about Reston and the Moorings Cluster Association that Pass collected when he lived there from the 1970s to the 1990s. There are multiple publications on the regulations created by the Reston Home Owners Association, which later became the Reston Association. The regulations specifically focus on design guidelines. Also included are meeting agendas for the Reston Association as well the Moorings Cluster Association on Lake Anne where Pass lived. ","Series 5 consists of images of new towns in Reston, Virginia; Columbia, Maryland; Stockholm, Sweden; and Paris, France. There are also images of New York City. The subjects include buildings, street scenes, maps, and models. Some of the slides were used in presentations and also contain charts and graphs illustrating population growth and financial projections. There are also some large ariel images of the Stockholm area. The photographs are mostly 8\"x10\", and the slides are standard size. The slides in box 31 are glass plate and were used with the script \"New Communities for New York\" in box 30, folder 2. Some of the larger photographs were placed in the oversize series. ","Series 6 contains 15 reel-to-reel audiotapes with interviews conducted by Pass during his new town research in Sweden. Series 2 contains the edited and unedited transcripts. ","Series 7 consists mostly of maps and plans of Farsta and other towns and cities in Sweden. There is also a large plan for Reston, Virginia, a Spanish Tourism poster, and \"Vallingby and Farsta\" book cover artwork. Some of the oversize New York new town files and ariel photographs of Sweden are in this series as well. ","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The David Pass papers contain correspondence, oral histories, research files, photographs, maps, and plans that document the development and study of new towns in the United States and internationally, particularly Sweden. The collection thoroughly documents Pass's career at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden, the Urban Development Corporation in New York, and the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development in Washington, D.C. Although the inclusive dates span from 1934 to 2001, the bulk of the collection dates from the early 1960s to the early 1980s.","Map Case 11.5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Kungl. Tekniska högskolan","New York State Urban Development Corporation","United States. Department of Housing and Urban Development","Pass, David","English"],"unitid_tesim":["C0037","/repositories/2/resources/146"],"normalized_title_ssm":["David Pass papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["David Pass papers"],"collection_ssim":["David Pass papers"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Reston (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Reston (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Pass, David"],"creator_ssim":["Pass, David"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Pass, David"],"creators_ssim":["Pass, David"],"places_ssim":["Reston (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by the estate of David Pass, July 25, 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["New towns","Housing -- Sweden","Housing -- New York (State)","Housing","City planning -- Sweden -- Stockholm","City planning -- New York (State) -- New York","City planning","Planned communities -- Stockholm -- Sweden","Planned communities -- New York (State)","Planned communities","New towns -- Sweden -- Stockholm","New towns -- New York (State)","Slides (Photography)","Oral histories","Photographs","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["New towns","Housing -- Sweden","Housing -- New York (State)","Housing","City planning -- Sweden -- Stockholm","City planning -- New York (State) -- New York","City planning","Planned communities -- Stockholm -- Sweden","Planned communities -- New York (State)","Planned communities","New towns -- Sweden -- Stockholm","New towns -- New York (State)","Slides (Photography)","Oral histories","Photographs","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17 Linear Feet 35 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["17 Linear Feet 35 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Oral histories","Photographs","Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into six series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1960s-1980s (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Oral Histories, 1966-1967 (Boxes 1-5)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Research and Writing Files, 1934-2001 (Boxes 6-29)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Reston, 1966-1996 (Boxes 30-31)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Photographs and Slides, 1960s-1980s (Boxes 31-32)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Audiovisual, 1966-1967 (Boxes 33-34)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Oversize, 1960s-1970s (Box 35)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into six series:","Series Series 1: Correspondence, 1960s-1980s (Box 1) Series 2: Oral Histories, 1966-1967 (Boxes 1-5) Series 3: Research and Writing Files, 1934-2001 (Boxes 6-29) Series 4: Reston, 1966-1996 (Boxes 30-31) Series 5: Photographs and Slides, 1960s-1980s (Boxes 31-32) Series 6: Audiovisual, 1966-1967 (Boxes 33-34) Series 7: Oversize, 1960s-1970s (Box 35)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDavid Pass was born on January 14, 1938 in Paterson, New Jersey, and graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1954. Pass earned a B.A. from Columbia University in New York in 1958, a M.A. from the Architecture School in 1962, a B.S. from the Engineering School in 1964, a M.A. in city planning from University of California in Berkeley (also in 1964), and the equivalent of a Ph.D. in city planning from the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm in 1969. During his years as a student, he worked primarily as a planner for both public and private organizations in New York, Sweden, and California. From 1964-1969, he worked in the Royal Institute of Technology as the project director and chief researcher on \"Vallingby and Farsta: The Suburban Development process in a Large Swedish City,\" which was later published as a book by MIT Press. Following his work in Sweden, he returned to the United States to work as the Director of New Communities and Environmental Quality in the New York State Urban Development Corporation. A career employee of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development from 1973 until his 2003 retirement, Pass worked as the Senior Financial and Economic Advisor in the New Community Development Corporation and, late in his career, in Indian Affairs. In addition to writing \"Vallingby and Farsta from Idea to Reality: the New Community Development Process in Stockholm\" (1973), he also wrote \"New Communities in New York State\" (1971) and many other articles on new towns in Sweden and the United States. He died in Bethesda, Maryland, on July 18, 2007.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["David Pass was born on January 14, 1938 in Paterson, New Jersey, and graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1954. Pass earned a B.A. from Columbia University in New York in 1958, a M.A. from the Architecture School in 1962, a B.S. from the Engineering School in 1964, a M.A. in city planning from University of California in Berkeley (also in 1964), and the equivalent of a Ph.D. in city planning from the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm in 1969. During his years as a student, he worked primarily as a planner for both public and private organizations in New York, Sweden, and California. From 1964-1969, he worked in the Royal Institute of Technology as the project director and chief researcher on \"Vallingby and Farsta: The Suburban Development process in a Large Swedish City,\" which was later published as a book by MIT Press. Following his work in Sweden, he returned to the United States to work as the Director of New Communities and Environmental Quality in the New York State Urban Development Corporation. A career employee of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development from 1973 until his 2003 retirement, Pass worked as the Senior Financial and Economic Advisor in the New Community Development Corporation and, late in his career, in Indian Affairs. In addition to writing \"Vallingby and Farsta from Idea to Reality: the New Community Development Process in Stockholm\" (1973), he also wrote \"New Communities in New York State\" (1971) and many other articles on new towns in Sweden and the United States. He died in Bethesda, Maryland, on July 18, 2007."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDavid Pass papers, C0037, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["David Pass papers, C0037, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDocuments removed from folders binders were placed together into acid-free folders with a photocopy of the original binder and folder information. Selected books relating to urban planning and new towns were placed in the Special Collections and Archives reference collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessed in September 2008 by Jordan Patty. EAD markup completed in September 2008 by Jordan Patty. \u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Documents removed from folders binders were placed together into acid-free folders with a photocopy of the original binder and folder information. Selected books relating to urban planning and new towns were placed in the Special Collections and Archives reference collection. ","Processed in September 2008 by Jordan Patty. EAD markup completed in September 2008 by Jordan Patty. "],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds collections on planned communities, transportation, and urban development.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds collections on planned communities, transportation, and urban development."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe David Pass papers contain correspondence, oral histories, research files, photographs, maps, and plans that document the development and study of new towns in the United States and internationally, particularly Sweden. The collection thoroughly documents Pass's career at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden, the Urban Development Corporation in New York, and the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development in Washington, D.C. Although the inclusive dates span from 1934 to 2001, the bulk of the collection dates from the early 1960s to the early 1980s. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence in Series 1 consists of communication between David Pass and colleagues during his time in Sweden in the 1960s and with the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development in the 1970s and 1980s. There is also correspondence related to Pass's efforts to publish his work on new towns in Sweden in the 1960s and correspondence during his time with the New York Urban Development Corporation in the early 1970s. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 contains oral histories from David Pass's work on new towns in Sweden. Pass interviewed many people involved with the development and financing of new towns, particularly Farsta and Vallingby. The conversations cover the acquisition of land, the planning of the towns, and the construction. The oral histories are numbered according to a scheme created by Pass. This series also includes unedited transcripts. The original binder labels were photocopied prior to being discarded, and the photocopies were placed with the appropriate oral histories. The transcripts are in both English and Swedish. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe research and writing files in Series 3 contain substantial documentation on new towns both in the United States and internationally. Types of documents include reports, conference papers, and publications, some of which are authored by Pass. Other documents consist of clippings and correspondence. Most of the material from the 1960s covers planning and development issues most likely used by Pass for his writing and well as in his day-to-day work at the Department of City Planning in Stockholm, Sweden . The files from the 1970s and 1980s focus more on Pass's work as an analyst for the New York Urban Development Corporation and the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. The documents contain descriptions of United States new town development in Reston, Virginia; Los Angeles, California; Columbia, Maryland; Lysander, New York; Welfare Island, New York; and Energy New Towns in the West with the Department of Energy. There is significant correspondence with regards to the Lysander and Welfare Island developments in New York in the 1970s. The international new town developments described in the documents include towns in France, London, and Vallingby, Farsta, and Stockholm in Sweden. The conference documents include information on the International New Town Association (1983) and the League of New Community Developers. The research and conference files from the early 1980s reflect Pass's growing interest in new town computer modeling. The files are arranged alphabetically by folder title. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4 contains information about Reston and the Moorings Cluster Association that Pass collected when he lived there from the 1970s to the 1990s. There are multiple publications on the regulations created by the Reston Home Owners Association, which later became the Reston Association. The regulations specifically focus on design guidelines. Also included are meeting agendas for the Reston Association as well the Moorings Cluster Association on Lake Anne where Pass lived. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5 consists of images of new towns in Reston, Virginia; Columbia, Maryland; Stockholm, Sweden; and Paris, France. There are also images of New York City. The subjects include buildings, street scenes, maps, and models. Some of the slides were used in presentations and also contain charts and graphs illustrating population growth and financial projections. There are also some large ariel images of the Stockholm area. The photographs are mostly 8\"x10\", and the slides are standard size. The slides in box 31 are glass plate and were used with the script \"New Communities for New York\" in box 30, folder 2. Some of the larger photographs were placed in the oversize series. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6 contains 15 reel-to-reel audiotapes with interviews conducted by Pass during his new town research in Sweden. Series 2 contains the edited and unedited transcripts. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7 consists mostly of maps and plans of Farsta and other towns and cities in Sweden. There is also a large plan for Reston, Virginia, a Spanish Tourism poster, and \"Vallingby and Farsta\" book cover artwork. Some of the oversize New York new town files and ariel photographs of Sweden are in this series as well. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The David Pass papers contain correspondence, oral histories, research files, photographs, maps, and plans that document the development and study of new towns in the United States and internationally, particularly Sweden. The collection thoroughly documents Pass's career at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden, the Urban Development Corporation in New York, and the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development in Washington, D.C. Although the inclusive dates span from 1934 to 2001, the bulk of the collection dates from the early 1960s to the early 1980s. ","The correspondence in Series 1 consists of communication between David Pass and colleagues during his time in Sweden in the 1960s and with the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development in the 1970s and 1980s. There is also correspondence related to Pass's efforts to publish his work on new towns in Sweden in the 1960s and correspondence during his time with the New York Urban Development Corporation in the early 1970s. ","Series 2 contains oral histories from David Pass's work on new towns in Sweden. Pass interviewed many people involved with the development and financing of new towns, particularly Farsta and Vallingby. The conversations cover the acquisition of land, the planning of the towns, and the construction. The oral histories are numbered according to a scheme created by Pass. This series also includes unedited transcripts. The original binder labels were photocopied prior to being discarded, and the photocopies were placed with the appropriate oral histories. The transcripts are in both English and Swedish. ","The research and writing files in Series 3 contain substantial documentation on new towns both in the United States and internationally. Types of documents include reports, conference papers, and publications, some of which are authored by Pass. Other documents consist of clippings and correspondence. Most of the material from the 1960s covers planning and development issues most likely used by Pass for his writing and well as in his day-to-day work at the Department of City Planning in Stockholm, Sweden . The files from the 1970s and 1980s focus more on Pass's work as an analyst for the New York Urban Development Corporation and the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. The documents contain descriptions of United States new town development in Reston, Virginia; Los Angeles, California; Columbia, Maryland; Lysander, New York; Welfare Island, New York; and Energy New Towns in the West with the Department of Energy. There is significant correspondence with regards to the Lysander and Welfare Island developments in New York in the 1970s. The international new town developments described in the documents include towns in France, London, and Vallingby, Farsta, and Stockholm in Sweden. The conference documents include information on the International New Town Association (1983) and the League of New Community Developers. The research and conference files from the early 1980s reflect Pass's growing interest in new town computer modeling. The files are arranged alphabetically by folder title. ","Series 4 contains information about Reston and the Moorings Cluster Association that Pass collected when he lived there from the 1970s to the 1990s. There are multiple publications on the regulations created by the Reston Home Owners Association, which later became the Reston Association. The regulations specifically focus on design guidelines. Also included are meeting agendas for the Reston Association as well the Moorings Cluster Association on Lake Anne where Pass lived. ","Series 5 consists of images of new towns in Reston, Virginia; Columbia, Maryland; Stockholm, Sweden; and Paris, France. There are also images of New York City. The subjects include buildings, street scenes, maps, and models. Some of the slides were used in presentations and also contain charts and graphs illustrating population growth and financial projections. There are also some large ariel images of the Stockholm area. The photographs are mostly 8\"x10\", and the slides are standard size. The slides in box 31 are glass plate and were used with the script \"New Communities for New York\" in box 30, folder 2. Some of the larger photographs were placed in the oversize series. ","Series 6 contains 15 reel-to-reel audiotapes with interviews conducted by Pass during his new town research in Sweden. Series 2 contains the edited and unedited transcripts. ","Series 7 consists mostly of maps and plans of Farsta and other towns and cities in Sweden. There is also a large plan for Reston, Virginia, a Spanish Tourism poster, and \"Vallingby and Farsta\" book cover artwork. Some of the oversize New York new town files and ariel photographs of Sweden are in this series as well. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5cd28a5fbc8e95c7992a530f36a28cc6\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe David Pass papers contain correspondence, oral histories, research files, photographs, maps, and plans that document the development and study of new towns in the United States and internationally, particularly Sweden. The collection thoroughly documents Pass's career at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden, the Urban Development Corporation in New York, and the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development in Washington, D.C. Although the inclusive dates span from 1934 to 2001, the bulk of the collection dates from the early 1960s to the early 1980s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The David Pass papers contain correspondence, oral histories, research files, photographs, maps, and plans that document the development and study of new towns in the United States and internationally, particularly Sweden. The collection thoroughly documents Pass's career at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden, the Urban Development Corporation in New York, and the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development in Washington, D.C. Although the inclusive dates span from 1934 to 2001, the bulk of the collection dates from the early 1960s to the early 1980s."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_f1f9e0b6805f23682c228b27b1b92eb9\"\u003eMap Case 11.5\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Map Case 11.5"],"names_coll_ssim":["Kungl. Tekniska högskolan","New York State Urban Development Corporation","United States. Department of Housing and Urban Development"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Kungl. Tekniska högskolan","New York State Urban Development Corporation","United States. Department of Housing and Urban Development","Pass, David"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Kungl. Tekniska högskolan","New York State Urban Development Corporation","United States. Department of Housing and Urban Development"],"persname_ssim":["Pass, David"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":84,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-08T07:14:33.085Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_146"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3556","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Merle Easton Architectural Collection","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3556#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Easton, Merle Lynn, 1940-","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3556#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Merle Easton Architectural Collection contains a mixture of papers and records reflecting Easton's engagement with the architectural profession and her work on urban planning and design projects for various firms and agencies.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3556#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3556","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3556","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3556","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3556","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3556.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Easton, Merle, Architectural Collection","title_ssm":["Merle Easton Architectural Collection"],"title_tesim":["Merle Easton Architectural Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1966-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1966-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2021.028"],"text":["Ms.2021.028","Merle Easton Architectural Collection","City planning","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women architects -- California","The collection is open for research.","This collection is arranged into the following series: ","I. Biographical Information II. Professional Papers III. Office Records IV. Project Records","The project records series contain two sub-series for documentation of Easton's work on the Mantua-Powelton Mini-School and for the Alameda County Public Works Agency. Within each series files are arranged chronologically.","Merle Lynn Easton was born on December 7th, 1940, and graduated from Sitka High School in Sitka, Alaska, in 1958. ","Before Easton earned her Bachelor of Architecture from the University of Washington in Seattle in 1966, she attended the College of Art and Architecture at the University of Oregon, Eugene from 1958 to 1962, and Portland State College from 1961 to 1962. For her thesis project at the University of Washington, she developed a design for a Community Center based on the needs of the, at the time, impoverished Central Seattle area community. She participated in study abroad programs in Mexico and Europe where she studied historic and modern architecture and patterns of urban development. As part of her continuing education, she also took courses in real estate law and construction at Temple University in Philadelphia. ","As an independent architect, Easton developed the \"street school\" concept that was used for the Mantua-Powelton Mini-School in West Philadelphia. This was an urban renewal project focused on refurbishing an abandoned factory building to house a small, integrated, and community-controlled school. The project was written about in two issues of  Progressive Architecture ,  Design and Planning: The New Schools  by James Morisseau, and in  Women in American Architecture: A Historic and Contemporary Perspective , edited by Susana Torre. After her work on the mini-school she went on to work as a draftsperson, job captain, and staff architect at several firms and on a variety of projects, including hospitals, churches, and schools. As job captain at Victor H. Wilburn \u0026 Associates, she produced a report, included in this collection, analyzing the programs of the Wilmington Housing Authority and proposing measures and policy adjustments to make their programs more effective.","From 1973 to 1979 she worked as the Director of Technical Services at the Pennsylvania Housing Finance Agency (PHFA) in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. She was responsible for setting up a complete program for the Technical Services Division of the Agency to oversee review of all drawings and specifications, review of utility analyses, review of construction cost estimates, inspection of construction, and approval of construction drawings. Additionally, she was responsible for making hiring decisions and managing a staff of sixteen employees. During her tenure the PHFA completed more than fifty projects aimed at families and the elderly, some rehabilitations, as well as high-rise, mid-rise, garden, and townhouse constructions, some with commercial facilities included.","After moving to California in the spring of 1979, Easton worked as a project manager and architect for several firms before being hired on as a managing architect at the Alameda County Public Works Agency in Hayward, California. There she was responsible for managing the complete process of design, contract administration, and construction of County buildings and renovation projects. Projects Easton worked on included the East County Animal Shelter, the Turner Court Operations building, the Highland General Hospital clinic building and medical records projects, renovations to parts of the Alameda County Administration Building, and the East County Hall of Justice. ","She was an active member of the American Institute of Architects (AIA), serving over several years as secretary, treasurer, vice president, and president of the Central Pennsylvania chapter, and on various organizational committees. From 1973 to 1979 she served on the Harrisburg Community Development Forum, and as committee chair from 1977 to 1978. She was a steering committee member of the Organization of Women Architects (OWA), based in the San Francisco Bay Area, and she volunteered with the Victorian Alliance of San Francisco, organizing historic house tours and serving as president from 2005 to 2006.","The guide to the Merle Easton Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Merle Easton Architectural Collection was completed in September 2021.","This collection contains a mixture of professional papers, as well as office and project records. Merle Easton's professional papers include several portfolios showcasing her work, and literature and programming from organizations she was involved with over the years. Project records include portfolios and published materials relating to her work on the Mantua-Powelton Mini-School in West Philadelphia and development of the \"street school\" concept on which the project was modeled, extensive documentation of the East County Hall of Justice in Dublin, California, including correspondence, meeting agendas and notes, reports, and architectural schematics, and other documentation of projects from various firms. Office records include firm or agency information, guidelines, annual reports, some photographs of ground-breaking ceremonies, and some personnel files related to Easton's own hiring process and performance evaluations.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Merle Easton Architectural Collection contains a mixture of papers and records reflecting Easton's engagement with the architectural profession and her work on urban planning and design projects for various firms and agencies.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Easton, Merle Lynn, 1940-","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2021.028"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Merle Easton Architectural Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Merle Easton Architectural Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Merle Easton Architectural Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Easton, Merle Lynn, 1940-"],"creator_ssim":["Easton, Merle Lynn, 1940-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Easton, Merle Lynn, 1940-"],"creators_ssim":["Easton, Merle Lynn, 1940-"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Merle Easton Architectural Collection was donated to Special Collections and University Archives in 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["City planning","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women architects -- California"],"access_subjects_ssm":["City planning","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women architects -- California"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.2 Cubic Feet 4 document boxes, 1 oversized flat file box"],"extent_tesim":["2.2 Cubic Feet 4 document boxes, 1 oversized flat file box"],"date_range_isim":[1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eI. Biographical Information\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eII. Professional Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eIII. Office Records\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eIV. Project Records\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe project records series contain two sub-series for documentation of Easton's work on the Mantua-Powelton Mini-School and for the Alameda County Public Works Agency. Within each series files are arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series: ","I. Biographical Information II. Professional Papers III. Office Records IV. Project Records","The project records series contain two sub-series for documentation of Easton's work on the Mantua-Powelton Mini-School and for the Alameda County Public Works Agency. Within each series files are arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMerle Lynn Easton was born on December 7th, 1940, and graduated from Sitka High School in Sitka, Alaska, in 1958. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBefore Easton earned her Bachelor of Architecture from the University of Washington in Seattle in 1966, she attended the College of Art and Architecture at the University of Oregon, Eugene from 1958 to 1962, and Portland State College from 1961 to 1962. For her thesis project at the University of Washington, she developed a design for a Community Center based on the needs of the, at the time, impoverished Central Seattle area community. She participated in study abroad programs in Mexico and Europe where she studied historic and modern architecture and patterns of urban development. As part of her continuing education, she also took courses in real estate law and construction at Temple University in Philadelphia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs an independent architect, Easton developed the \"street school\" concept that was used for the Mantua-Powelton Mini-School in West Philadelphia. This was an urban renewal project focused on refurbishing an abandoned factory building to house a small, integrated, and community-controlled school. The project was written about in two issues of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eProgressive Architecture\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDesign and Planning: The New Schools\u003c/emph\u003e by James Morisseau, and in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWomen in American Architecture: A Historic and Contemporary Perspective\u003c/emph\u003e, edited by Susana Torre. After her work on the mini-school she went on to work as a draftsperson, job captain, and staff architect at several firms and on a variety of projects, including hospitals, churches, and schools. As job captain at Victor H. Wilburn \u0026amp; Associates, she produced a report, included in this collection, analyzing the programs of the Wilmington Housing Authority and proposing measures and policy adjustments to make their programs more effective.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1973 to 1979 she worked as the Director of Technical Services at the Pennsylvania Housing Finance Agency (PHFA) in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. She was responsible for setting up a complete program for the Technical Services Division of the Agency to oversee review of all drawings and specifications, review of utility analyses, review of construction cost estimates, inspection of construction, and approval of construction drawings. Additionally, she was responsible for making hiring decisions and managing a staff of sixteen employees. During her tenure the PHFA completed more than fifty projects aimed at families and the elderly, some rehabilitations, as well as high-rise, mid-rise, garden, and townhouse constructions, some with commercial facilities included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter moving to California in the spring of 1979, Easton worked as a project manager and architect for several firms before being hired on as a managing architect at the Alameda County Public Works Agency in Hayward, California. There she was responsible for managing the complete process of design, contract administration, and construction of County buildings and renovation projects. Projects Easton worked on included the East County Animal Shelter, the Turner Court Operations building, the Highland General Hospital clinic building and medical records projects, renovations to parts of the Alameda County Administration Building, and the East County Hall of Justice. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShe was an active member of the American Institute of Architects (AIA), serving over several years as secretary, treasurer, vice president, and president of the Central Pennsylvania chapter, and on various organizational committees. From 1973 to 1979 she served on the Harrisburg Community Development Forum, and as committee chair from 1977 to 1978. She was a steering committee member of the Organization of Women Architects (OWA), based in the San Francisco Bay Area, and she volunteered with the Victorian Alliance of San Francisco, organizing historic house tours and serving as president from 2005 to 2006.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Merle Lynn Easton was born on December 7th, 1940, and graduated from Sitka High School in Sitka, Alaska, in 1958. ","Before Easton earned her Bachelor of Architecture from the University of Washington in Seattle in 1966, she attended the College of Art and Architecture at the University of Oregon, Eugene from 1958 to 1962, and Portland State College from 1961 to 1962. For her thesis project at the University of Washington, she developed a design for a Community Center based on the needs of the, at the time, impoverished Central Seattle area community. She participated in study abroad programs in Mexico and Europe where she studied historic and modern architecture and patterns of urban development. As part of her continuing education, she also took courses in real estate law and construction at Temple University in Philadelphia. ","As an independent architect, Easton developed the \"street school\" concept that was used for the Mantua-Powelton Mini-School in West Philadelphia. This was an urban renewal project focused on refurbishing an abandoned factory building to house a small, integrated, and community-controlled school. The project was written about in two issues of  Progressive Architecture ,  Design and Planning: The New Schools  by James Morisseau, and in  Women in American Architecture: A Historic and Contemporary Perspective , edited by Susana Torre. After her work on the mini-school she went on to work as a draftsperson, job captain, and staff architect at several firms and on a variety of projects, including hospitals, churches, and schools. As job captain at Victor H. Wilburn \u0026 Associates, she produced a report, included in this collection, analyzing the programs of the Wilmington Housing Authority and proposing measures and policy adjustments to make their programs more effective.","From 1973 to 1979 she worked as the Director of Technical Services at the Pennsylvania Housing Finance Agency (PHFA) in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. She was responsible for setting up a complete program for the Technical Services Division of the Agency to oversee review of all drawings and specifications, review of utility analyses, review of construction cost estimates, inspection of construction, and approval of construction drawings. Additionally, she was responsible for making hiring decisions and managing a staff of sixteen employees. During her tenure the PHFA completed more than fifty projects aimed at families and the elderly, some rehabilitations, as well as high-rise, mid-rise, garden, and townhouse constructions, some with commercial facilities included.","After moving to California in the spring of 1979, Easton worked as a project manager and architect for several firms before being hired on as a managing architect at the Alameda County Public Works Agency in Hayward, California. There she was responsible for managing the complete process of design, contract administration, and construction of County buildings and renovation projects. Projects Easton worked on included the East County Animal Shelter, the Turner Court Operations building, the Highland General Hospital clinic building and medical records projects, renovations to parts of the Alameda County Administration Building, and the East County Hall of Justice. ","She was an active member of the American Institute of Architects (AIA), serving over several years as secretary, treasurer, vice president, and president of the Central Pennsylvania chapter, and on various organizational committees. From 1973 to 1979 she served on the Harrisburg Community Development Forum, and as committee chair from 1977 to 1978. She was a steering committee member of the Organization of Women Architects (OWA), based in the San Francisco Bay Area, and she volunteered with the Victorian Alliance of San Francisco, organizing historic house tours and serving as president from 2005 to 2006."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Merle Easton Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Merle Easton Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Merle Easton Architectural Collection, Ms2021-028, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Merle Easton Architectural Collection, Ms2021-028, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Merle Easton Architectural Collection was completed in September 2021.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Merle Easton Architectural Collection was completed in September 2021."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a mixture of professional papers, as well as office and project records. Merle Easton's professional papers include several portfolios showcasing her work, and literature and programming from organizations she was involved with over the years. Project records include portfolios and published materials relating to her work on the Mantua-Powelton Mini-School in West Philadelphia and development of the \"street school\" concept on which the project was modeled, extensive documentation of the East County Hall of Justice in Dublin, California, including correspondence, meeting agendas and notes, reports, and architectural schematics, and other documentation of projects from various firms. Office records include firm or agency information, guidelines, annual reports, some photographs of ground-breaking ceremonies, and some personnel files related to Easton's own hiring process and performance evaluations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a mixture of professional papers, as well as office and project records. Merle Easton's professional papers include several portfolios showcasing her work, and literature and programming from organizations she was involved with over the years. Project records include portfolios and published materials relating to her work on the Mantua-Powelton Mini-School in West Philadelphia and development of the \"street school\" concept on which the project was modeled, extensive documentation of the East County Hall of Justice in Dublin, California, including correspondence, meeting agendas and notes, reports, and architectural schematics, and other documentation of projects from various firms. Office records include firm or agency information, guidelines, annual reports, some photographs of ground-breaking ceremonies, and some personnel files related to Easton's own hiring process and performance evaluations."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1e7b098a68aed79d68b236740cd2c957\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Merle Easton Architectural Collection contains a mixture of papers and records reflecting Easton's engagement with the architectural profession and her work on urban planning and design projects for various firms and agencies.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Merle Easton Architectural Collection contains a mixture of papers and records reflecting Easton's engagement with the architectural profession and her work on urban planning and design projects for various firms and agencies."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Easton, Merle Lynn, 1940-"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Easton, Merle Lynn, 1940-"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":46,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:28:53.734Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3556","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3556","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3556","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3556","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3556.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Easton, Merle, Architectural Collection","title_ssm":["Merle Easton Architectural Collection"],"title_tesim":["Merle Easton Architectural Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1966-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1966-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2021.028"],"text":["Ms.2021.028","Merle Easton Architectural Collection","City planning","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women architects -- California","The collection is open for research.","This collection is arranged into the following series: ","I. 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She participated in study abroad programs in Mexico and Europe where she studied historic and modern architecture and patterns of urban development. As part of her continuing education, she also took courses in real estate law and construction at Temple University in Philadelphia. ","As an independent architect, Easton developed the \"street school\" concept that was used for the Mantua-Powelton Mini-School in West Philadelphia. This was an urban renewal project focused on refurbishing an abandoned factory building to house a small, integrated, and community-controlled school. The project was written about in two issues of  Progressive Architecture ,  Design and Planning: The New Schools  by James Morisseau, and in  Women in American Architecture: A Historic and Contemporary Perspective , edited by Susana Torre. After her work on the mini-school she went on to work as a draftsperson, job captain, and staff architect at several firms and on a variety of projects, including hospitals, churches, and schools. As job captain at Victor H. Wilburn \u0026 Associates, she produced a report, included in this collection, analyzing the programs of the Wilmington Housing Authority and proposing measures and policy adjustments to make their programs more effective.","From 1973 to 1979 she worked as the Director of Technical Services at the Pennsylvania Housing Finance Agency (PHFA) in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. She was responsible for setting up a complete program for the Technical Services Division of the Agency to oversee review of all drawings and specifications, review of utility analyses, review of construction cost estimates, inspection of construction, and approval of construction drawings. Additionally, she was responsible for making hiring decisions and managing a staff of sixteen employees. During her tenure the PHFA completed more than fifty projects aimed at families and the elderly, some rehabilitations, as well as high-rise, mid-rise, garden, and townhouse constructions, some with commercial facilities included.","After moving to California in the spring of 1979, Easton worked as a project manager and architect for several firms before being hired on as a managing architect at the Alameda County Public Works Agency in Hayward, California. There she was responsible for managing the complete process of design, contract administration, and construction of County buildings and renovation projects. Projects Easton worked on included the East County Animal Shelter, the Turner Court Operations building, the Highland General Hospital clinic building and medical records projects, renovations to parts of the Alameda County Administration Building, and the East County Hall of Justice. ","She was an active member of the American Institute of Architects (AIA), serving over several years as secretary, treasurer, vice president, and president of the Central Pennsylvania chapter, and on various organizational committees. From 1973 to 1979 she served on the Harrisburg Community Development Forum, and as committee chair from 1977 to 1978. She was a steering committee member of the Organization of Women Architects (OWA), based in the San Francisco Bay Area, and she volunteered with the Victorian Alliance of San Francisco, organizing historic house tours and serving as president from 2005 to 2006.","The guide to the Merle Easton Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Merle Easton Architectural Collection was completed in September 2021.","This collection contains a mixture of professional papers, as well as office and project records. Merle Easton's professional papers include several portfolios showcasing her work, and literature and programming from organizations she was involved with over the years. Project records include portfolios and published materials relating to her work on the Mantua-Powelton Mini-School in West Philadelphia and development of the \"street school\" concept on which the project was modeled, extensive documentation of the East County Hall of Justice in Dublin, California, including correspondence, meeting agendas and notes, reports, and architectural schematics, and other documentation of projects from various firms. Office records include firm or agency information, guidelines, annual reports, some photographs of ground-breaking ceremonies, and some personnel files related to Easton's own hiring process and performance evaluations.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Merle Easton Architectural Collection contains a mixture of papers and records reflecting Easton's engagement with the architectural profession and her work on urban planning and design projects for various firms and agencies.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Easton, Merle Lynn, 1940-","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2021.028"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Merle Easton Architectural Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Merle Easton Architectural Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Merle Easton Architectural Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Easton, Merle Lynn, 1940-"],"creator_ssim":["Easton, Merle Lynn, 1940-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Easton, Merle Lynn, 1940-"],"creators_ssim":["Easton, Merle Lynn, 1940-"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. 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Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Merle Easton Architectural Collection was donated to Special Collections and University Archives in 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["City planning","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women architects -- California"],"access_subjects_ssm":["City planning","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women architects -- California"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.2 Cubic Feet 4 document boxes, 1 oversized flat file box"],"extent_tesim":["2.2 Cubic Feet 4 document boxes, 1 oversized flat file box"],"date_range_isim":[1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eI. 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Additionally, she was responsible for making hiring decisions and managing a staff of sixteen employees. During her tenure the PHFA completed more than fifty projects aimed at families and the elderly, some rehabilitations, as well as high-rise, mid-rise, garden, and townhouse constructions, some with commercial facilities included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter moving to California in the spring of 1979, Easton worked as a project manager and architect for several firms before being hired on as a managing architect at the Alameda County Public Works Agency in Hayward, California. There she was responsible for managing the complete process of design, contract administration, and construction of County buildings and renovation projects. Projects Easton worked on included the East County Animal Shelter, the Turner Court Operations building, the Highland General Hospital clinic building and medical records projects, renovations to parts of the Alameda County Administration Building, and the East County Hall of Justice. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShe was an active member of the American Institute of Architects (AIA), serving over several years as secretary, treasurer, vice president, and president of the Central Pennsylvania chapter, and on various organizational committees. From 1973 to 1979 she served on the Harrisburg Community Development Forum, and as committee chair from 1977 to 1978. 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She participated in study abroad programs in Mexico and Europe where she studied historic and modern architecture and patterns of urban development. As part of her continuing education, she also took courses in real estate law and construction at Temple University in Philadelphia. ","As an independent architect, Easton developed the \"street school\" concept that was used for the Mantua-Powelton Mini-School in West Philadelphia. This was an urban renewal project focused on refurbishing an abandoned factory building to house a small, integrated, and community-controlled school. The project was written about in two issues of  Progressive Architecture ,  Design and Planning: The New Schools  by James Morisseau, and in  Women in American Architecture: A Historic and Contemporary Perspective , edited by Susana Torre. After her work on the mini-school she went on to work as a draftsperson, job captain, and staff architect at several firms and on a variety of projects, including hospitals, churches, and schools. As job captain at Victor H. Wilburn \u0026 Associates, she produced a report, included in this collection, analyzing the programs of the Wilmington Housing Authority and proposing measures and policy adjustments to make their programs more effective.","From 1973 to 1979 she worked as the Director of Technical Services at the Pennsylvania Housing Finance Agency (PHFA) in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. She was responsible for setting up a complete program for the Technical Services Division of the Agency to oversee review of all drawings and specifications, review of utility analyses, review of construction cost estimates, inspection of construction, and approval of construction drawings. Additionally, she was responsible for making hiring decisions and managing a staff of sixteen employees. During her tenure the PHFA completed more than fifty projects aimed at families and the elderly, some rehabilitations, as well as high-rise, mid-rise, garden, and townhouse constructions, some with commercial facilities included.","After moving to California in the spring of 1979, Easton worked as a project manager and architect for several firms before being hired on as a managing architect at the Alameda County Public Works Agency in Hayward, California. There she was responsible for managing the complete process of design, contract administration, and construction of County buildings and renovation projects. Projects Easton worked on included the East County Animal Shelter, the Turner Court Operations building, the Highland General Hospital clinic building and medical records projects, renovations to parts of the Alameda County Administration Building, and the East County Hall of Justice. ","She was an active member of the American Institute of Architects (AIA), serving over several years as secretary, treasurer, vice president, and president of the Central Pennsylvania chapter, and on various organizational committees. From 1973 to 1979 she served on the Harrisburg Community Development Forum, and as committee chair from 1977 to 1978. She was a steering committee member of the Organization of Women Architects (OWA), based in the San Francisco Bay Area, and she volunteered with the Victorian Alliance of San Francisco, organizing historic house tours and serving as president from 2005 to 2006."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Merle Easton Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Merle Easton Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Merle Easton Architectural Collection, Ms2021-028, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Merle Easton Architectural Collection, Ms2021-028, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Merle Easton Architectural Collection was completed in September 2021.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Merle Easton Architectural Collection was completed in September 2021."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a mixture of professional papers, as well as office and project records. Merle Easton's professional papers include several portfolios showcasing her work, and literature and programming from organizations she was involved with over the years. Project records include portfolios and published materials relating to her work on the Mantua-Powelton Mini-School in West Philadelphia and development of the \"street school\" concept on which the project was modeled, extensive documentation of the East County Hall of Justice in Dublin, California, including correspondence, meeting agendas and notes, reports, and architectural schematics, and other documentation of projects from various firms. Office records include firm or agency information, guidelines, annual reports, some photographs of ground-breaking ceremonies, and some personnel files related to Easton's own hiring process and performance evaluations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a mixture of professional papers, as well as office and project records. Merle Easton's professional papers include several portfolios showcasing her work, and literature and programming from organizations she was involved with over the years. Project records include portfolios and published materials relating to her work on the Mantua-Powelton Mini-School in West Philadelphia and development of the \"street school\" concept on which the project was modeled, extensive documentation of the East County Hall of Justice in Dublin, California, including correspondence, meeting agendas and notes, reports, and architectural schematics, and other documentation of projects from various firms. Office records include firm or agency information, guidelines, annual reports, some photographs of ground-breaking ceremonies, and some personnel files related to Easton's own hiring process and performance evaluations."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1e7b098a68aed79d68b236740cd2c957\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Merle Easton Architectural Collection contains a mixture of papers and records reflecting Easton's engagement with the architectural profession and her work on urban planning and design projects for various firms and agencies.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Merle Easton Architectural Collection contains a mixture of papers and records reflecting Easton's engagement with the architectural profession and her work on urban planning and design projects for various firms and agencies."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Easton, Merle Lynn, 1940-"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Easton, Merle Lynn, 1940-"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":46,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:28:53.734Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3556"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"George Mason University","value":"George Mason University","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=City+planning\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1978\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","value":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=City+planning\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1978\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=City+planning\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1978"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Beverly Willis Architectural Collection","value":"Beverly Willis Architectural Collection","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=City+planning\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Beverly+Willis+Architectural+Collection\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1978"}},{"attributes":{"label":"C. 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