{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Christmas+cards\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1900\u0026view=list","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Christmas+cards\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1900\u0026page=1\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":4,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_607","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Grove Family Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_607#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Grove family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_607#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, consists of correspondence and ephemera from the Grove Family of Luray in Page County, Virginia.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_607#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_607","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_607","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_607","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_607","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_607.xml","title_ssm":["Grove Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Grove Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1884-1932"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1884-1932"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0292","/repositories/4/resources/607"],"text":["SC 0292","/repositories/4/resources/607","Grove Family Papers","Page County (Va.) -- History","Page County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Page County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Luray (Va.) -- History","Letters (correspondence)","Christmas cards","Printed Ephemera","Newspaper clippings","Photographs","Advertisements","Pamphlets","Family papers","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged in nine series, with the first eight series comprising family correspondence, arranged by recipient and chronologically. Series 9 consists of ephemera accumulated by the family and is arranged alphabetically.","Grove Family Correspondence, 1884-1932 Arthur Ashby Grove Correspondence, 1892-1932 Julia Anita Grove Correspondence, 1900-1932 Jessie Grove Hershberger Correspondence, 1903-1932 Harold Elton Grove Correspondence, 1920-1932 Laura Brumback Grove Correspondence, 1886-1926 John William Grove Correspondence, 1890-1924 Charles H. Grove Correspondence, 1891-1930 Ephemera, 1887-1932","\"Corp John William Grove (1844-1924) - Find A Grave...\" Find A Grave. Accessed June 11, 2019. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8423540/john-william-grove.","\"Women's College Finals This Week.\" Times Dispatch (Richmond, VA), May 23, 1910. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1910-05-23/ed-1/seq-12/#date1=1900\u0026index=1\u0026date2=1930\u0026searchType=advanced\u0026language=\u0026sequence=0\u0026words=Anita+Grove\u0026proxdistance=5\u0026state=Virginia\u0026rows=20\u0026ortext=\u0026proxtext=Anita+Grove\u0026phrasetext=\u0026andtext=\u0026dateFilterType=yearRange\u0026page=1","John William Grove was born December 16, 1844, in Luray, Page County, Virginia. As an adult, he served as a Corporal with the Confederate Army from 1863-1865 as part of the 35th Battalion of the Virginia Cavalry until being paroled from the army on May 8, 1865. He then married Eliza Jane Koontz (1850-1871) in 1869 and had two children: Ella Grove (1870-1932) and William Wallace Grove (1872-1874). After Eliza's death on October 19, 1871, John William Grove married Laura Ann Brumback (1851-1926), and had four children with her: Arthur Ashby Grove (1883 - 1940), Jessimine \"Jessie\" Lee Grove (1887 - 1966), Harold Elton Grove (1889 - 1970), and Julia Anita Grove (1892 - 1976). In the mid-1880s, John William Grove opened the Grove and Brothers store with his brother Charles H. Grove (1849 –1925) in Luray. John William Grove's sons Arthur and Harold took over the store after their father's  death in August 1924.","Arthur, often addressed as A. A. Grove, was a member of the National Guard and veteran of World War I, having fought in France as part of the 116th Infantry, 29th Division. He was also an active member of the community, participating in the Luray Rotary Club, the Summers-Koontz Camp No. 490, Sons of Confederate Veterans, and others. ","After receiving her bachelor's degree in music from Vassar College in 1910, Julia \"Anita\" Grove became a music teacher and spent several months almost every year traveling throughout the United States visiting relatives (e.g., cousins, extended family) and friends of the family or friends from her time at school. ","Jessie Grove married William Pendleton Hershberger on January 28, 1919.","Duplicates of brochures in the ephemera were discarded as well as blank envelopes or sheets of paper found amidst the correspondence.","The Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, consist of 21 boxes, primarily comprising family correspondence. The bulk of the collection is made up of family correspondence and the rest is made up of ephemera collected by the family. The correspondence is mainly letters sent to the group or individual indicated by the series, with the bulk of the correspondence in this collection being letters sent to Arthur and Julia Grove. Most of the letters concern updates concerning other family members and the community. Much of the collection consists of holiday cards sent to all members of the Grove Family over the years.","Series 1: Grove Family Correspondence, 1884-1932, comprises correspondence that is either addressed to the Grove Family or correspondence for which there is no discernable individual family member that is the sender. Correspondence addressed to Elizabeth P. Barry, a friend of Julia and Jessie Grove, is included in this series. Most of the series is made up of correspondence either to the Grove and Brother Store from satisfied customers (thanking them for gifts, discounts, etc) or small holiday cards and wedding invitations from other members of the community.","Series 2: Arthur Ashby Grove Correspondence, 1892-1932, deals with the correspondence received by Arthur Ashby Grove between 1892 and 1932. Some interesting items in this series include letters sent by family while he was away training with the national guard in Virginia Beach and Richmond, Virginia and in Brownsville, Texas  (dropping hints about potential brides in the area), some documents pertaining to military orders,inspections, some letters written in French, a letter from Anita telling Arthur about her first music pupil, letters from former comrades, and a letter written in 1922 from a Bulah Patterson that briefly asks Arthur's opinion on the Ku Klux Klan.","Series 3: Julia Anita Grove Correspondence, 1900-1932, deals with the correspondence received by Julia Anita Grove between the years 1900 and 1932. Most of the correspondence in this series come from family members and friends asking her about her travels and updating her on day-to-day activities in Luray. Examples of updates include a new \"Ford shop\" being built and their parents buying a new car, and an item of note is a souvenir folder from Rochester, New York that holds drawings of landmarks and facts about the city.","Series 4: Jessie Grove Hershberger Correspondence, 1903-1932, comprises correspondence received by Jessie Grove Hershberger between the years 1903 and 1932. Most of the correspondence is addressed to \"Mrs. William P. Hershberger\" or \"Jessie Grove.\" Some interesting items include a small note where Jessie and Harold are invited to a spelling bee and instructed to \"impersonate country school-children\" in 1907 and a letter from a friend named Lottie in which she recounts interactions with patients in a hospital and asks Jessie for relationship advice (telling Jessie to \"destroy the letter\" after reading it).","Series 5: Harold Elton Grove Correspondence, 1920-1932, includes correspondence received by Harold Elton Grove between the years 1920-1932. Much of the correspondence comprises postcards from his relatives, updating him on the weather and sights. Some of the postcards come from Wyoming, New York, and Atlantic City.","Series 6: Laura Brumback Grove Correspondence, 1886-1926, deals with correspondence received by Laura Brumback Grove between 1886 and 1926. Much of Laura's correspondence is from her children and step-children. Many of the envelopes are addressed not only to Laura but also to J.W (John William), but the greetings to these letters are always addressed to \"Mama\" or \"Aunt Laura.\" Most of the correspondence during 1924 are letters of condolences and sympathies after John William Grove's death.","Series 7: John William Grove Correspondence, 1890-1924, deals with correspondence received by John William Grove between 1890 and 1924. Much of the correspondence comprises marriage and graduation invitations, holiday cards, and two letters written in 1924: one from his wife Laura and the other from his daughter Jessie.","Series 8: Charles H. Grove Correspondence, 1891-1930, deals with correspondence received by Charles H. Grove between 1891 and 1930. As with his brother John, Charles's correspondence includes marriage announcements and graduation invitations, some letters from hotels asking for his business, and a couple of postcards from Anita telling him about her travels.","Series 9: Ephemera, 1887-1932, includes myriad ephemeral materials that were accumulated the Grove Family. The series is arranged alphabetically. Some items of note within this series include military ephemera (containing some transfer orders and programs to numerous military events); music education ephemera (which include sheet music and small booklets pertaining to the popular songs of the time); some photos of a storefront and two unidentified individuals; and travel brochures, maps, and promotional materials of Virginia and other locations.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, consists of correspondence and ephemera from the Grove Family of Luray in Page County, Virginia.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Grove family","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0292","/repositories/4/resources/607"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Grove Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Grove Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Grove Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Page County (Va.) -- History","Page County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Page County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Luray (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Page County (Va.) -- History","Page County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Page County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Luray (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Grove family","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_ssim":["Grove family","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_famname_ssim":["Grove family"],"creators_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Grove family"],"places_ssim":["Page County (Va.) -- History","Page County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Page County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Luray (Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was acquired at the Large Antiques and Firearms Estate auction held by Green Valley Auctions on January 16, 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Christmas cards","Printed Ephemera","Newspaper clippings","Photographs","Advertisements","Pamphlets","Family papers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Letters (correspondence)","Christmas cards","Printed Ephemera","Newspaper clippings","Photographs","Advertisements","Pamphlets","Family papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.93 cubic feet 21 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["6.93 cubic feet 21 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Christmas cards","Printed Ephemera","Newspaper clippings","Photographs","Advertisements","Pamphlets","Family papers"],"date_range_isim":[1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in nine series, with the first eight series comprising family correspondence, arranged by recipient and chronologically. Series 9 consists of ephemera accumulated by the family and is arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eGrove Family Correspondence, 1884-1932\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eArthur Ashby Grove Correspondence, 1892-1932\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eJulia Anita Grove Correspondence, 1900-1932\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eJessie Grove Hershberger Correspondence, 1903-1932\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eHarold Elton Grove Correspondence, 1920-1932\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eLaura Brumback Grove Correspondence, 1886-1926\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eJohn William Grove Correspondence, 1890-1924\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCharles H. Grove Correspondence, 1891-1930\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEphemera, 1887-1932\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in nine series, with the first eight series comprising family correspondence, arranged by recipient and chronologically. Series 9 consists of ephemera accumulated by the family and is arranged alphabetically.","Grove Family Correspondence, 1884-1932 Arthur Ashby Grove Correspondence, 1892-1932 Julia Anita Grove Correspondence, 1900-1932 Jessie Grove Hershberger Correspondence, 1903-1932 Harold Elton Grove Correspondence, 1920-1932 Laura Brumback Grove Correspondence, 1886-1926 John William Grove Correspondence, 1890-1924 Charles H. Grove Correspondence, 1891-1930 Ephemera, 1887-1932"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e\"Corp John William Grove (1844-1924) - Find A Grave...\" Find A Grave. Accessed June 11, 2019. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8423540/john-william-grove.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Women's College Finals This Week.\" Times Dispatch (Richmond, VA), May 23, 1910. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1910-05-23/ed-1/seq-12/#date1=1900\u0026amp;index=1\u0026amp;date2=1930\u0026amp;searchType=advanced\u0026amp;language=\u0026amp;sequence=0\u0026amp;words=Anita+Grove\u0026amp;proxdistance=5\u0026amp;state=Virginia\u0026amp;rows=20\u0026amp;ortext=\u0026amp;proxtext=Anita+Grove\u0026amp;phrasetext=\u0026amp;andtext=\u0026amp;dateFilterType=yearRange\u0026amp;page=1\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Corp John William Grove (1844-1924) - Find A Grave...\" Find A Grave. Accessed June 11, 2019. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8423540/john-william-grove.","\"Women's College Finals This Week.\" Times Dispatch (Richmond, VA), May 23, 1910. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1910-05-23/ed-1/seq-12/#date1=1900\u0026index=1\u0026date2=1930\u0026searchType=advanced\u0026language=\u0026sequence=0\u0026words=Anita+Grove\u0026proxdistance=5\u0026state=Virginia\u0026rows=20\u0026ortext=\u0026proxtext=Anita+Grove\u0026phrasetext=\u0026andtext=\u0026dateFilterType=yearRange\u0026page=1"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn William Grove was born December 16, 1844, in Luray, Page County, Virginia. As an adult, he served as a Corporal with the Confederate Army from 1863-1865 as part of the 35th Battalion of the Virginia Cavalry until being paroled from the army on May 8, 1865. He then married Eliza Jane Koontz (1850-1871) in 1869 and had two children: Ella Grove (1870-1932) and William Wallace Grove (1872-1874). After Eliza's death on October 19, 1871, John William Grove married Laura Ann Brumback (1851-1926), and had four children with her: Arthur Ashby Grove (1883 - 1940), Jessimine \"Jessie\" Lee Grove (1887 - 1966), Harold Elton Grove (1889 - 1970), and Julia Anita Grove (1892 - 1976). In the mid-1880s, John William Grove opened the Grove and Brothers store with his brother Charles H. Grove (1849 –1925) in Luray. John William Grove's sons Arthur and Harold took over the store after their father's  death in August 1924.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eArthur, often addressed as A. A. Grove, was a member of the National Guard and veteran of World War I, having fought in France as part of the 116th Infantry, 29th Division. He was also an active member of the community, participating in the Luray Rotary Club, the Summers-Koontz Camp No. 490, Sons of Confederate Veterans, and others. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter receiving her bachelor's degree in music from Vassar College in 1910, Julia \"Anita\" Grove became a music teacher and spent several months almost every year traveling throughout the United States visiting relatives (e.g., cousins, extended family) and friends of the family or friends from her time at school. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJessie Grove married William Pendleton Hershberger on January 28, 1919.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["John William Grove was born December 16, 1844, in Luray, Page County, Virginia. As an adult, he served as a Corporal with the Confederate Army from 1863-1865 as part of the 35th Battalion of the Virginia Cavalry until being paroled from the army on May 8, 1865. He then married Eliza Jane Koontz (1850-1871) in 1869 and had two children: Ella Grove (1870-1932) and William Wallace Grove (1872-1874). After Eliza's death on October 19, 1871, John William Grove married Laura Ann Brumback (1851-1926), and had four children with her: Arthur Ashby Grove (1883 - 1940), Jessimine \"Jessie\" Lee Grove (1887 - 1966), Harold Elton Grove (1889 - 1970), and Julia Anita Grove (1892 - 1976). In the mid-1880s, John William Grove opened the Grove and Brothers store with his brother Charles H. Grove (1849 –1925) in Luray. John William Grove's sons Arthur and Harold took over the store after their father's  death in August 1924.","Arthur, often addressed as A. A. Grove, was a member of the National Guard and veteran of World War I, having fought in France as part of the 116th Infantry, 29th Division. He was also an active member of the community, participating in the Luray Rotary Club, the Summers-Koontz Camp No. 490, Sons of Confederate Veterans, and others. ","After receiving her bachelor's degree in music from Vassar College in 1910, Julia \"Anita\" Grove became a music teacher and spent several months almost every year traveling throughout the United States visiting relatives (e.g., cousins, extended family) and friends of the family or friends from her time at school. ","Jessie Grove married William Pendleton Hershberger on January 28, 1919."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, SC 0292, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, SC 0292, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDuplicates of brochures in the ephemera were discarded as well as blank envelopes or sheets of paper found amidst the correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Duplicates of brochures in the ephemera were discarded as well as blank envelopes or sheets of paper found amidst the correspondence."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, consist of 21 boxes, primarily comprising family correspondence. The bulk of the collection is made up of family correspondence and the rest is made up of ephemera collected by the family. The correspondence is mainly letters sent to the group or individual indicated by the series, with the bulk of the correspondence in this collection being letters sent to Arthur and Julia Grove. Most of the letters concern updates concerning other family members and the community. Much of the collection consists of holiday cards sent to all members of the Grove Family over the years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Grove Family Correspondence, 1884-1932, comprises correspondence that is either addressed to the Grove Family or correspondence for which there is no discernable individual family member that is the sender. Correspondence addressed to Elizabeth P. Barry, a friend of Julia and Jessie Grove, is included in this series. Most of the series is made up of correspondence either to the Grove and Brother Store from satisfied customers (thanking them for gifts, discounts, etc) or small holiday cards and wedding invitations from other members of the community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Arthur Ashby Grove Correspondence, 1892-1932, deals with the correspondence received by Arthur Ashby Grove between 1892 and 1932. Some interesting items in this series include letters sent by family while he was away training with the national guard in Virginia Beach and Richmond, Virginia and in Brownsville, Texas  (dropping hints about potential brides in the area), some documents pertaining to military orders,inspections, some letters written in French, a letter from Anita telling Arthur about her first music pupil, letters from former comrades, and a letter written in 1922 from a Bulah Patterson that briefly asks Arthur's opinion on the Ku Klux Klan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Julia Anita Grove Correspondence, 1900-1932, deals with the correspondence received by Julia Anita Grove between the years 1900 and 1932. Most of the correspondence in this series come from family members and friends asking her about her travels and updating her on day-to-day activities in Luray. Examples of updates include a new \"Ford shop\" being built and their parents buying a new car, and an item of note is a souvenir folder from Rochester, New York that holds drawings of landmarks and facts about the city.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Jessie Grove Hershberger Correspondence, 1903-1932, comprises correspondence received by Jessie Grove Hershberger between the years 1903 and 1932. Most of the correspondence is addressed to \"Mrs. William P. Hershberger\" or \"Jessie Grove.\" Some interesting items include a small note where Jessie and Harold are invited to a spelling bee and instructed to \"impersonate country school-children\" in 1907 and a letter from a friend named Lottie in which she recounts interactions with patients in a hospital and asks Jessie for relationship advice (telling Jessie to \"destroy the letter\" after reading it).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Harold Elton Grove Correspondence, 1920-1932, includes correspondence received by Harold Elton Grove between the years 1920-1932. Much of the correspondence comprises postcards from his relatives, updating him on the weather and sights. Some of the postcards come from Wyoming, New York, and Atlantic City.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Laura Brumback Grove Correspondence, 1886-1926, deals with correspondence received by Laura Brumback Grove between 1886 and 1926. Much of Laura's correspondence is from her children and step-children. Many of the envelopes are addressed not only to Laura but also to J.W (John William), but the greetings to these letters are always addressed to \"Mama\" or \"Aunt Laura.\" Most of the correspondence during 1924 are letters of condolences and sympathies after John William Grove's death.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: John William Grove Correspondence, 1890-1924, deals with correspondence received by John William Grove between 1890 and 1924. Much of the correspondence comprises marriage and graduation invitations, holiday cards, and two letters written in 1924: one from his wife Laura and the other from his daughter Jessie.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8: Charles H. Grove Correspondence, 1891-1930, deals with correspondence received by Charles H. Grove between 1891 and 1930. As with his brother John, Charles's correspondence includes marriage announcements and graduation invitations, some letters from hotels asking for his business, and a couple of postcards from Anita telling him about her travels.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9: Ephemera, 1887-1932, includes myriad ephemeral materials that were accumulated the Grove Family. The series is arranged alphabetically. Some items of note within this series include military ephemera (containing some transfer orders and programs to numerous military events); music education ephemera (which include sheet music and small booklets pertaining to the popular songs of the time); some photos of a storefront and two unidentified individuals; and travel brochures, maps, and promotional materials of Virginia and other locations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, consist of 21 boxes, primarily comprising family correspondence. The bulk of the collection is made up of family correspondence and the rest is made up of ephemera collected by the family. The correspondence is mainly letters sent to the group or individual indicated by the series, with the bulk of the correspondence in this collection being letters sent to Arthur and Julia Grove. Most of the letters concern updates concerning other family members and the community. Much of the collection consists of holiday cards sent to all members of the Grove Family over the years.","Series 1: Grove Family Correspondence, 1884-1932, comprises correspondence that is either addressed to the Grove Family or correspondence for which there is no discernable individual family member that is the sender. Correspondence addressed to Elizabeth P. Barry, a friend of Julia and Jessie Grove, is included in this series. Most of the series is made up of correspondence either to the Grove and Brother Store from satisfied customers (thanking them for gifts, discounts, etc) or small holiday cards and wedding invitations from other members of the community.","Series 2: Arthur Ashby Grove Correspondence, 1892-1932, deals with the correspondence received by Arthur Ashby Grove between 1892 and 1932. Some interesting items in this series include letters sent by family while he was away training with the national guard in Virginia Beach and Richmond, Virginia and in Brownsville, Texas  (dropping hints about potential brides in the area), some documents pertaining to military orders,inspections, some letters written in French, a letter from Anita telling Arthur about her first music pupil, letters from former comrades, and a letter written in 1922 from a Bulah Patterson that briefly asks Arthur's opinion on the Ku Klux Klan.","Series 3: Julia Anita Grove Correspondence, 1900-1932, deals with the correspondence received by Julia Anita Grove between the years 1900 and 1932. Most of the correspondence in this series come from family members and friends asking her about her travels and updating her on day-to-day activities in Luray. Examples of updates include a new \"Ford shop\" being built and their parents buying a new car, and an item of note is a souvenir folder from Rochester, New York that holds drawings of landmarks and facts about the city.","Series 4: Jessie Grove Hershberger Correspondence, 1903-1932, comprises correspondence received by Jessie Grove Hershberger between the years 1903 and 1932. Most of the correspondence is addressed to \"Mrs. William P. Hershberger\" or \"Jessie Grove.\" Some interesting items include a small note where Jessie and Harold are invited to a spelling bee and instructed to \"impersonate country school-children\" in 1907 and a letter from a friend named Lottie in which she recounts interactions with patients in a hospital and asks Jessie for relationship advice (telling Jessie to \"destroy the letter\" after reading it).","Series 5: Harold Elton Grove Correspondence, 1920-1932, includes correspondence received by Harold Elton Grove between the years 1920-1932. Much of the correspondence comprises postcards from his relatives, updating him on the weather and sights. Some of the postcards come from Wyoming, New York, and Atlantic City.","Series 6: Laura Brumback Grove Correspondence, 1886-1926, deals with correspondence received by Laura Brumback Grove between 1886 and 1926. Much of Laura's correspondence is from her children and step-children. Many of the envelopes are addressed not only to Laura but also to J.W (John William), but the greetings to these letters are always addressed to \"Mama\" or \"Aunt Laura.\" Most of the correspondence during 1924 are letters of condolences and sympathies after John William Grove's death.","Series 7: John William Grove Correspondence, 1890-1924, deals with correspondence received by John William Grove between 1890 and 1924. Much of the correspondence comprises marriage and graduation invitations, holiday cards, and two letters written in 1924: one from his wife Laura and the other from his daughter Jessie.","Series 8: Charles H. Grove Correspondence, 1891-1930, deals with correspondence received by Charles H. Grove between 1891 and 1930. As with his brother John, Charles's correspondence includes marriage announcements and graduation invitations, some letters from hotels asking for his business, and a couple of postcards from Anita telling him about her travels.","Series 9: Ephemera, 1887-1932, includes myriad ephemeral materials that were accumulated the Grove Family. The series is arranged alphabetically. Some items of note within this series include military ephemera (containing some transfer orders and programs to numerous military events); music education ephemera (which include sheet music and small booklets pertaining to the popular songs of the time); some photos of a storefront and two unidentified individuals; and travel brochures, maps, and promotional materials of Virginia and other locations."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_70d4f8e3bc520142513304c7c53c614f\"\u003eThe Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, consists of correspondence and ephemera from the Grove Family of Luray in Page County, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, consists of correspondence and ephemera from the Grove Family of Luray in Page County, Virginia."],"names_coll_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Grove family"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"famname_ssim":["Grove family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":255,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:17:52.266Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_607","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_607","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_607","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_607","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_607.xml","title_ssm":["Grove Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Grove Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1884-1932"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1884-1932"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0292","/repositories/4/resources/607"],"text":["SC 0292","/repositories/4/resources/607","Grove Family Papers","Page County (Va.) -- History","Page County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Page County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Luray (Va.) -- History","Letters (correspondence)","Christmas cards","Printed Ephemera","Newspaper clippings","Photographs","Advertisements","Pamphlets","Family papers","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged in nine series, with the first eight series comprising family correspondence, arranged by recipient and chronologically. Series 9 consists of ephemera accumulated by the family and is arranged alphabetically.","Grove Family Correspondence, 1884-1932 Arthur Ashby Grove Correspondence, 1892-1932 Julia Anita Grove Correspondence, 1900-1932 Jessie Grove Hershberger Correspondence, 1903-1932 Harold Elton Grove Correspondence, 1920-1932 Laura Brumback Grove Correspondence, 1886-1926 John William Grove Correspondence, 1890-1924 Charles H. Grove Correspondence, 1891-1930 Ephemera, 1887-1932","\"Corp John William Grove (1844-1924) - Find A Grave...\" Find A Grave. Accessed June 11, 2019. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8423540/john-william-grove.","\"Women's College Finals This Week.\" Times Dispatch (Richmond, VA), May 23, 1910. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1910-05-23/ed-1/seq-12/#date1=1900\u0026index=1\u0026date2=1930\u0026searchType=advanced\u0026language=\u0026sequence=0\u0026words=Anita+Grove\u0026proxdistance=5\u0026state=Virginia\u0026rows=20\u0026ortext=\u0026proxtext=Anita+Grove\u0026phrasetext=\u0026andtext=\u0026dateFilterType=yearRange\u0026page=1","John William Grove was born December 16, 1844, in Luray, Page County, Virginia. As an adult, he served as a Corporal with the Confederate Army from 1863-1865 as part of the 35th Battalion of the Virginia Cavalry until being paroled from the army on May 8, 1865. He then married Eliza Jane Koontz (1850-1871) in 1869 and had two children: Ella Grove (1870-1932) and William Wallace Grove (1872-1874). After Eliza's death on October 19, 1871, John William Grove married Laura Ann Brumback (1851-1926), and had four children with her: Arthur Ashby Grove (1883 - 1940), Jessimine \"Jessie\" Lee Grove (1887 - 1966), Harold Elton Grove (1889 - 1970), and Julia Anita Grove (1892 - 1976). In the mid-1880s, John William Grove opened the Grove and Brothers store with his brother Charles H. Grove (1849 –1925) in Luray. John William Grove's sons Arthur and Harold took over the store after their father's  death in August 1924.","Arthur, often addressed as A. A. Grove, was a member of the National Guard and veteran of World War I, having fought in France as part of the 116th Infantry, 29th Division. He was also an active member of the community, participating in the Luray Rotary Club, the Summers-Koontz Camp No. 490, Sons of Confederate Veterans, and others. ","After receiving her bachelor's degree in music from Vassar College in 1910, Julia \"Anita\" Grove became a music teacher and spent several months almost every year traveling throughout the United States visiting relatives (e.g., cousins, extended family) and friends of the family or friends from her time at school. ","Jessie Grove married William Pendleton Hershberger on January 28, 1919.","Duplicates of brochures in the ephemera were discarded as well as blank envelopes or sheets of paper found amidst the correspondence.","The Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, consist of 21 boxes, primarily comprising family correspondence. The bulk of the collection is made up of family correspondence and the rest is made up of ephemera collected by the family. The correspondence is mainly letters sent to the group or individual indicated by the series, with the bulk of the correspondence in this collection being letters sent to Arthur and Julia Grove. Most of the letters concern updates concerning other family members and the community. Much of the collection consists of holiday cards sent to all members of the Grove Family over the years.","Series 1: Grove Family Correspondence, 1884-1932, comprises correspondence that is either addressed to the Grove Family or correspondence for which there is no discernable individual family member that is the sender. Correspondence addressed to Elizabeth P. Barry, a friend of Julia and Jessie Grove, is included in this series. Most of the series is made up of correspondence either to the Grove and Brother Store from satisfied customers (thanking them for gifts, discounts, etc) or small holiday cards and wedding invitations from other members of the community.","Series 2: Arthur Ashby Grove Correspondence, 1892-1932, deals with the correspondence received by Arthur Ashby Grove between 1892 and 1932. Some interesting items in this series include letters sent by family while he was away training with the national guard in Virginia Beach and Richmond, Virginia and in Brownsville, Texas  (dropping hints about potential brides in the area), some documents pertaining to military orders,inspections, some letters written in French, a letter from Anita telling Arthur about her first music pupil, letters from former comrades, and a letter written in 1922 from a Bulah Patterson that briefly asks Arthur's opinion on the Ku Klux Klan.","Series 3: Julia Anita Grove Correspondence, 1900-1932, deals with the correspondence received by Julia Anita Grove between the years 1900 and 1932. Most of the correspondence in this series come from family members and friends asking her about her travels and updating her on day-to-day activities in Luray. Examples of updates include a new \"Ford shop\" being built and their parents buying a new car, and an item of note is a souvenir folder from Rochester, New York that holds drawings of landmarks and facts about the city.","Series 4: Jessie Grove Hershberger Correspondence, 1903-1932, comprises correspondence received by Jessie Grove Hershberger between the years 1903 and 1932. Most of the correspondence is addressed to \"Mrs. William P. Hershberger\" or \"Jessie Grove.\" Some interesting items include a small note where Jessie and Harold are invited to a spelling bee and instructed to \"impersonate country school-children\" in 1907 and a letter from a friend named Lottie in which she recounts interactions with patients in a hospital and asks Jessie for relationship advice (telling Jessie to \"destroy the letter\" after reading it).","Series 5: Harold Elton Grove Correspondence, 1920-1932, includes correspondence received by Harold Elton Grove between the years 1920-1932. Much of the correspondence comprises postcards from his relatives, updating him on the weather and sights. Some of the postcards come from Wyoming, New York, and Atlantic City.","Series 6: Laura Brumback Grove Correspondence, 1886-1926, deals with correspondence received by Laura Brumback Grove between 1886 and 1926. Much of Laura's correspondence is from her children and step-children. Many of the envelopes are addressed not only to Laura but also to J.W (John William), but the greetings to these letters are always addressed to \"Mama\" or \"Aunt Laura.\" Most of the correspondence during 1924 are letters of condolences and sympathies after John William Grove's death.","Series 7: John William Grove Correspondence, 1890-1924, deals with correspondence received by John William Grove between 1890 and 1924. Much of the correspondence comprises marriage and graduation invitations, holiday cards, and two letters written in 1924: one from his wife Laura and the other from his daughter Jessie.","Series 8: Charles H. Grove Correspondence, 1891-1930, deals with correspondence received by Charles H. Grove between 1891 and 1930. As with his brother John, Charles's correspondence includes marriage announcements and graduation invitations, some letters from hotels asking for his business, and a couple of postcards from Anita telling him about her travels.","Series 9: Ephemera, 1887-1932, includes myriad ephemeral materials that were accumulated the Grove Family. The series is arranged alphabetically. Some items of note within this series include military ephemera (containing some transfer orders and programs to numerous military events); music education ephemera (which include sheet music and small booklets pertaining to the popular songs of the time); some photos of a storefront and two unidentified individuals; and travel brochures, maps, and promotional materials of Virginia and other locations.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, consists of correspondence and ephemera from the Grove Family of Luray in Page County, Virginia.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Grove family","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0292","/repositories/4/resources/607"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Grove Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Grove Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Grove Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Page County (Va.) -- History","Page County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Page County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Luray (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Page County (Va.) -- History","Page County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Page County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Luray (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Grove family","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_ssim":["Grove family","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_famname_ssim":["Grove family"],"creators_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Grove family"],"places_ssim":["Page County (Va.) -- History","Page County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Page County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Luray (Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was acquired at the Large Antiques and Firearms Estate auction held by Green Valley Auctions on January 16, 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Christmas cards","Printed Ephemera","Newspaper clippings","Photographs","Advertisements","Pamphlets","Family papers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Letters (correspondence)","Christmas cards","Printed Ephemera","Newspaper clippings","Photographs","Advertisements","Pamphlets","Family papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.93 cubic feet 21 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["6.93 cubic feet 21 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Christmas cards","Printed Ephemera","Newspaper clippings","Photographs","Advertisements","Pamphlets","Family papers"],"date_range_isim":[1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in nine series, with the first eight series comprising family correspondence, arranged by recipient and chronologically. Series 9 consists of ephemera accumulated by the family and is arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eGrove Family Correspondence, 1884-1932\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eArthur Ashby Grove Correspondence, 1892-1932\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eJulia Anita Grove Correspondence, 1900-1932\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eJessie Grove Hershberger Correspondence, 1903-1932\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eHarold Elton Grove Correspondence, 1920-1932\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eLaura Brumback Grove Correspondence, 1886-1926\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eJohn William Grove Correspondence, 1890-1924\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCharles H. Grove Correspondence, 1891-1930\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEphemera, 1887-1932\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in nine series, with the first eight series comprising family correspondence, arranged by recipient and chronologically. Series 9 consists of ephemera accumulated by the family and is arranged alphabetically.","Grove Family Correspondence, 1884-1932 Arthur Ashby Grove Correspondence, 1892-1932 Julia Anita Grove Correspondence, 1900-1932 Jessie Grove Hershberger Correspondence, 1903-1932 Harold Elton Grove Correspondence, 1920-1932 Laura Brumback Grove Correspondence, 1886-1926 John William Grove Correspondence, 1890-1924 Charles H. Grove Correspondence, 1891-1930 Ephemera, 1887-1932"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e\"Corp John William Grove (1844-1924) - Find A Grave...\" Find A Grave. Accessed June 11, 2019. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8423540/john-william-grove.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Women's College Finals This Week.\" Times Dispatch (Richmond, VA), May 23, 1910. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1910-05-23/ed-1/seq-12/#date1=1900\u0026amp;index=1\u0026amp;date2=1930\u0026amp;searchType=advanced\u0026amp;language=\u0026amp;sequence=0\u0026amp;words=Anita+Grove\u0026amp;proxdistance=5\u0026amp;state=Virginia\u0026amp;rows=20\u0026amp;ortext=\u0026amp;proxtext=Anita+Grove\u0026amp;phrasetext=\u0026amp;andtext=\u0026amp;dateFilterType=yearRange\u0026amp;page=1\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Corp John William Grove (1844-1924) - Find A Grave...\" Find A Grave. Accessed June 11, 2019. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8423540/john-william-grove.","\"Women's College Finals This Week.\" Times Dispatch (Richmond, VA), May 23, 1910. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1910-05-23/ed-1/seq-12/#date1=1900\u0026index=1\u0026date2=1930\u0026searchType=advanced\u0026language=\u0026sequence=0\u0026words=Anita+Grove\u0026proxdistance=5\u0026state=Virginia\u0026rows=20\u0026ortext=\u0026proxtext=Anita+Grove\u0026phrasetext=\u0026andtext=\u0026dateFilterType=yearRange\u0026page=1"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn William Grove was born December 16, 1844, in Luray, Page County, Virginia. As an adult, he served as a Corporal with the Confederate Army from 1863-1865 as part of the 35th Battalion of the Virginia Cavalry until being paroled from the army on May 8, 1865. He then married Eliza Jane Koontz (1850-1871) in 1869 and had two children: Ella Grove (1870-1932) and William Wallace Grove (1872-1874). After Eliza's death on October 19, 1871, John William Grove married Laura Ann Brumback (1851-1926), and had four children with her: Arthur Ashby Grove (1883 - 1940), Jessimine \"Jessie\" Lee Grove (1887 - 1966), Harold Elton Grove (1889 - 1970), and Julia Anita Grove (1892 - 1976). In the mid-1880s, John William Grove opened the Grove and Brothers store with his brother Charles H. Grove (1849 –1925) in Luray. John William Grove's sons Arthur and Harold took over the store after their father's  death in August 1924.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eArthur, often addressed as A. A. Grove, was a member of the National Guard and veteran of World War I, having fought in France as part of the 116th Infantry, 29th Division. He was also an active member of the community, participating in the Luray Rotary Club, the Summers-Koontz Camp No. 490, Sons of Confederate Veterans, and others. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter receiving her bachelor's degree in music from Vassar College in 1910, Julia \"Anita\" Grove became a music teacher and spent several months almost every year traveling throughout the United States visiting relatives (e.g., cousins, extended family) and friends of the family or friends from her time at school. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJessie Grove married William Pendleton Hershberger on January 28, 1919.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["John William Grove was born December 16, 1844, in Luray, Page County, Virginia. As an adult, he served as a Corporal with the Confederate Army from 1863-1865 as part of the 35th Battalion of the Virginia Cavalry until being paroled from the army on May 8, 1865. He then married Eliza Jane Koontz (1850-1871) in 1869 and had two children: Ella Grove (1870-1932) and William Wallace Grove (1872-1874). After Eliza's death on October 19, 1871, John William Grove married Laura Ann Brumback (1851-1926), and had four children with her: Arthur Ashby Grove (1883 - 1940), Jessimine \"Jessie\" Lee Grove (1887 - 1966), Harold Elton Grove (1889 - 1970), and Julia Anita Grove (1892 - 1976). In the mid-1880s, John William Grove opened the Grove and Brothers store with his brother Charles H. Grove (1849 –1925) in Luray. John William Grove's sons Arthur and Harold took over the store after their father's  death in August 1924.","Arthur, often addressed as A. A. Grove, was a member of the National Guard and veteran of World War I, having fought in France as part of the 116th Infantry, 29th Division. He was also an active member of the community, participating in the Luray Rotary Club, the Summers-Koontz Camp No. 490, Sons of Confederate Veterans, and others. ","After receiving her bachelor's degree in music from Vassar College in 1910, Julia \"Anita\" Grove became a music teacher and spent several months almost every year traveling throughout the United States visiting relatives (e.g., cousins, extended family) and friends of the family or friends from her time at school. ","Jessie Grove married William Pendleton Hershberger on January 28, 1919."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, SC 0292, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, SC 0292, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDuplicates of brochures in the ephemera were discarded as well as blank envelopes or sheets of paper found amidst the correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Duplicates of brochures in the ephemera were discarded as well as blank envelopes or sheets of paper found amidst the correspondence."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, consist of 21 boxes, primarily comprising family correspondence. The bulk of the collection is made up of family correspondence and the rest is made up of ephemera collected by the family. The correspondence is mainly letters sent to the group or individual indicated by the series, with the bulk of the correspondence in this collection being letters sent to Arthur and Julia Grove. Most of the letters concern updates concerning other family members and the community. Much of the collection consists of holiday cards sent to all members of the Grove Family over the years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Grove Family Correspondence, 1884-1932, comprises correspondence that is either addressed to the Grove Family or correspondence for which there is no discernable individual family member that is the sender. Correspondence addressed to Elizabeth P. Barry, a friend of Julia and Jessie Grove, is included in this series. Most of the series is made up of correspondence either to the Grove and Brother Store from satisfied customers (thanking them for gifts, discounts, etc) or small holiday cards and wedding invitations from other members of the community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Arthur Ashby Grove Correspondence, 1892-1932, deals with the correspondence received by Arthur Ashby Grove between 1892 and 1932. Some interesting items in this series include letters sent by family while he was away training with the national guard in Virginia Beach and Richmond, Virginia and in Brownsville, Texas  (dropping hints about potential brides in the area), some documents pertaining to military orders,inspections, some letters written in French, a letter from Anita telling Arthur about her first music pupil, letters from former comrades, and a letter written in 1922 from a Bulah Patterson that briefly asks Arthur's opinion on the Ku Klux Klan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Julia Anita Grove Correspondence, 1900-1932, deals with the correspondence received by Julia Anita Grove between the years 1900 and 1932. Most of the correspondence in this series come from family members and friends asking her about her travels and updating her on day-to-day activities in Luray. Examples of updates include a new \"Ford shop\" being built and their parents buying a new car, and an item of note is a souvenir folder from Rochester, New York that holds drawings of landmarks and facts about the city.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Jessie Grove Hershberger Correspondence, 1903-1932, comprises correspondence received by Jessie Grove Hershberger between the years 1903 and 1932. Most of the correspondence is addressed to \"Mrs. William P. Hershberger\" or \"Jessie Grove.\" Some interesting items include a small note where Jessie and Harold are invited to a spelling bee and instructed to \"impersonate country school-children\" in 1907 and a letter from a friend named Lottie in which she recounts interactions with patients in a hospital and asks Jessie for relationship advice (telling Jessie to \"destroy the letter\" after reading it).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Harold Elton Grove Correspondence, 1920-1932, includes correspondence received by Harold Elton Grove between the years 1920-1932. Much of the correspondence comprises postcards from his relatives, updating him on the weather and sights. Some of the postcards come from Wyoming, New York, and Atlantic City.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Laura Brumback Grove Correspondence, 1886-1926, deals with correspondence received by Laura Brumback Grove between 1886 and 1926. Much of Laura's correspondence is from her children and step-children. Many of the envelopes are addressed not only to Laura but also to J.W (John William), but the greetings to these letters are always addressed to \"Mama\" or \"Aunt Laura.\" Most of the correspondence during 1924 are letters of condolences and sympathies after John William Grove's death.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: John William Grove Correspondence, 1890-1924, deals with correspondence received by John William Grove between 1890 and 1924. Much of the correspondence comprises marriage and graduation invitations, holiday cards, and two letters written in 1924: one from his wife Laura and the other from his daughter Jessie.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8: Charles H. Grove Correspondence, 1891-1930, deals with correspondence received by Charles H. Grove between 1891 and 1930. As with his brother John, Charles's correspondence includes marriage announcements and graduation invitations, some letters from hotels asking for his business, and a couple of postcards from Anita telling him about her travels.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9: Ephemera, 1887-1932, includes myriad ephemeral materials that were accumulated the Grove Family. The series is arranged alphabetically. Some items of note within this series include military ephemera (containing some transfer orders and programs to numerous military events); music education ephemera (which include sheet music and small booklets pertaining to the popular songs of the time); some photos of a storefront and two unidentified individuals; and travel brochures, maps, and promotional materials of Virginia and other locations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, consist of 21 boxes, primarily comprising family correspondence. The bulk of the collection is made up of family correspondence and the rest is made up of ephemera collected by the family. The correspondence is mainly letters sent to the group or individual indicated by the series, with the bulk of the correspondence in this collection being letters sent to Arthur and Julia Grove. Most of the letters concern updates concerning other family members and the community. Much of the collection consists of holiday cards sent to all members of the Grove Family over the years.","Series 1: Grove Family Correspondence, 1884-1932, comprises correspondence that is either addressed to the Grove Family or correspondence for which there is no discernable individual family member that is the sender. Correspondence addressed to Elizabeth P. Barry, a friend of Julia and Jessie Grove, is included in this series. Most of the series is made up of correspondence either to the Grove and Brother Store from satisfied customers (thanking them for gifts, discounts, etc) or small holiday cards and wedding invitations from other members of the community.","Series 2: Arthur Ashby Grove Correspondence, 1892-1932, deals with the correspondence received by Arthur Ashby Grove between 1892 and 1932. Some interesting items in this series include letters sent by family while he was away training with the national guard in Virginia Beach and Richmond, Virginia and in Brownsville, Texas  (dropping hints about potential brides in the area), some documents pertaining to military orders,inspections, some letters written in French, a letter from Anita telling Arthur about her first music pupil, letters from former comrades, and a letter written in 1922 from a Bulah Patterson that briefly asks Arthur's opinion on the Ku Klux Klan.","Series 3: Julia Anita Grove Correspondence, 1900-1932, deals with the correspondence received by Julia Anita Grove between the years 1900 and 1932. Most of the correspondence in this series come from family members and friends asking her about her travels and updating her on day-to-day activities in Luray. Examples of updates include a new \"Ford shop\" being built and their parents buying a new car, and an item of note is a souvenir folder from Rochester, New York that holds drawings of landmarks and facts about the city.","Series 4: Jessie Grove Hershberger Correspondence, 1903-1932, comprises correspondence received by Jessie Grove Hershberger between the years 1903 and 1932. Most of the correspondence is addressed to \"Mrs. William P. Hershberger\" or \"Jessie Grove.\" Some interesting items include a small note where Jessie and Harold are invited to a spelling bee and instructed to \"impersonate country school-children\" in 1907 and a letter from a friend named Lottie in which she recounts interactions with patients in a hospital and asks Jessie for relationship advice (telling Jessie to \"destroy the letter\" after reading it).","Series 5: Harold Elton Grove Correspondence, 1920-1932, includes correspondence received by Harold Elton Grove between the years 1920-1932. Much of the correspondence comprises postcards from his relatives, updating him on the weather and sights. Some of the postcards come from Wyoming, New York, and Atlantic City.","Series 6: Laura Brumback Grove Correspondence, 1886-1926, deals with correspondence received by Laura Brumback Grove between 1886 and 1926. Much of Laura's correspondence is from her children and step-children. Many of the envelopes are addressed not only to Laura but also to J.W (John William), but the greetings to these letters are always addressed to \"Mama\" or \"Aunt Laura.\" Most of the correspondence during 1924 are letters of condolences and sympathies after John William Grove's death.","Series 7: John William Grove Correspondence, 1890-1924, deals with correspondence received by John William Grove between 1890 and 1924. Much of the correspondence comprises marriage and graduation invitations, holiday cards, and two letters written in 1924: one from his wife Laura and the other from his daughter Jessie.","Series 8: Charles H. Grove Correspondence, 1891-1930, deals with correspondence received by Charles H. Grove between 1891 and 1930. As with his brother John, Charles's correspondence includes marriage announcements and graduation invitations, some letters from hotels asking for his business, and a couple of postcards from Anita telling him about her travels.","Series 9: Ephemera, 1887-1932, includes myriad ephemeral materials that were accumulated the Grove Family. The series is arranged alphabetically. Some items of note within this series include military ephemera (containing some transfer orders and programs to numerous military events); music education ephemera (which include sheet music and small booklets pertaining to the popular songs of the time); some photos of a storefront and two unidentified individuals; and travel brochures, maps, and promotional materials of Virginia and other locations."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_70d4f8e3bc520142513304c7c53c614f\"\u003eThe Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, consists of correspondence and ephemera from the Grove Family of Luray in Page County, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Grove Family Papers, 1884-1932, consists of correspondence and ephemera from the Grove Family of Luray in Page County, Virginia."],"names_coll_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Grove family"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"famname_ssim":["Grove family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":255,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:17:52.266Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_607"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_431","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Heatwole Family Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_431#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Heatwole family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_431#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, document descendants of David Heatwole (1767-1842). The collection documents the Virginia Heatwoles, specifically those of Mt. Clinton and Dale Enterprise, as well as the Trumbos of Fulks Run. Materials include correspondence, financial records, personal papers, photographs, and ephemera.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_431#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_431","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_431","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_431","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_431","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_431.xml","title_ssm":["Heatwole Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Heatwole Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1838-2001"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1838-2001"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0252","/repositories/4/resources/431"],"text":["SC 0252","/repositories/4/resources/431","Heatwole Family Papers","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"," United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Schools -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Shoemakers","Real estate business -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Real estate business -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 20th century","World War, 1914-1918","Letters (correspondence)","Financial Records","Promissory notes","Receipts (financial records)","Genealogies (histories)","Photographs","Newspaper clippings","Diaries","Personal papers","Printed Ephemera","Postcards","Christmas cards","Account books","Family papers","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Various trinkets and objects, many presumably related to Leonard Heatwole's service during WWI, were included in the initial donation, but were ultimately returned to the donor due to limited research value.","The collection is arranged in five series. Series 1 is arranged into sub-series by type and further arranged chronologically. Series 2, 3, and 5 are arranged chronologically. Series 4 is arranged in the same groupings in which that type of material was received.","Correspondence, 1891-1939 Financial Files, 1848-1951 Personal Papers, 1838-1969 Photographs, 1877-1965 Genealogy and Research Files, 1901-2001","Brunk, Harry Anthony.  David Heatwole and His Descendants . Harrisonburg, Va.: Park View Press, 1987.","\"Former County Daughter Dies in Cutbank Mon.\"  Daily News-Record , August 24, 1918.","Heatwole, Cornelius J.  History of the Heatwole Family from the Beginning of the Seventeenth Century to the Present Time . New York, 1907.","\"The Land Assessors.\"  Daily News-Record , December 29, 1899.","Obituary for Leonard Heatwole,  Daily News-Record , September 23, 1969.","The Schoolma'am , 1912. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal and Industrial School for Women.","The Virginia Heatwoles represented in this collection descended from David Heatwole (1767-1845) who was the eldest son of Johann Mathias Heatwole (1711-1776). David Heatwole, with his wife Magdalene and young family in tow, left Pennsylvania in the late-eighteenth century and settled near Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Heatwole family members documented in this collection are fourth and fifth generation descendants of David Heatwole and include Daniel Franklin \"D. F.\" Heatwole (1854-1922) and Sarah \"Sallie\" Margaret Lineweaver Heatwole (1857-1939) and their children Leonard Charles Heatwole (1891-1969), Daniel Rufus Heatwole (1894-1957), Alvin Bruer Heatwole (1888-1983), Elmer David Heatwole (1885-1964), and Ella Catherine Heatwole Jacobson (1883-1918).","Daniel F. Heatwole was an older brother of Cornelius Jacob Heatwole (1868-1939), who was appointed the Head of the Department of Education at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg. In 1893, Daniel F. Heatwole was appointed postmaster to Sparkling Springs in Rockingham County and in 1899, he was appointed by Judge Grattan to land assessor of the Linville District. He otherwise occupied himself with agricultural pursuits as a farmer.","Ella Heatwole Jacobson graduated from the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg in 1912 with a professional degree. While a student, Ella was a member of the Lee Literary Society and also served as chairwoman of the YWCA's bible study committee. Prior to marrying Anton Nikolai Jacobson on February 7, 1917 and moving to Cutbank, Montana, where her brother Elmer was also a resident, Ella taught school in Rockingham County, Virginia and was a member of the Singers Glen Baptist Church. She died August 21, 1918 in Montana from a complication of diseases. Her body was returned to Virginia in the company of her parents and her brother Elmer. She is buried at Cooks Creek Presbyterian Church Cemetery.","David F. Lineweaver, Sallie Heatwole's father, is also well-documented in this collection. Daniel F. Heatwole, Sallie's husband, acted as the administrator of Lineweaver's estate.","Leonard Heatwole married Nora Ellen Trumbo Heatwole (1894-1987) on June 18, 1925. Leonard served with the American Expeditionary Forces in France during WWI and was the registrar of the Mt. Clinton precinct for 35 years prior to retiring in 1967. Nora was born January 29, 1894 to John Riddle Trumbo and Sarah Fulk Trumbo of Fulks Run, Virginia. The collection descended through this line of the Heatwole family via Leonard and Nora's daughter Madeline Ann Heatwole Stewart (1926-2012) and her husband Donald William Stewart (b. 1920).","A full genealogy of the Heatwole family can be found in Harry Anthony Brunk's  David Heatwole and His Descendants  (1987). A thorough genealogical study of the Trumbo family is available in \nConrad Feltner's  The Trumbo Family  (1974).","The collection was donated with basic groupings applied to materials (e.g. Trumbo family photographs were grouped together, Ella Heatwole Jacobson materials were grouped together, all postcards were grouped together regardless of recipient). The collection included several full newspaper issues that were collected for family obituaries. Those obituaries were photocopied and the original newspapers discarded. Other miscellaneous non-local newspapers were discarded.","The Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, document descendants of David Heatwole (1767-1842) who moved to Rockingham County, Virginia from Pennsylvania in the late-eighteenth century. The collection documents the Heatwoles of Mt. Clinton and Dale Enterprise as well as the Trumbos of Fulks Run. Materials include correspondence, financial records, account books and ledgers, personal papers, photographs, recipes, and ephemera. The collection also documents branches of the Lineweaver, Fawley, Ritchie, and Bliss families.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1891-1939, is comprised primarily of postcards, Christmas cards, and general correspondence sent to and between Heatwole family members. The correspondence is arranged primarily by recipient, but in cases where the recipient is unknown (e.g. non-specific salutations and greetings or lack of return address), the correspondence is filed by author.","Given that the bulk of this series is comprised of postcards and Christmas cards, the correspondence is generally chatty and newsy in tone. The contents often relates to family and community news and also includes sentiments of longing for correspondence in return. The postcards themselves portray local and national places of interest (and in some cases international places) as well as holiday imagery. General correspondence is more substantive and includes letters written by Leonard Heatwole to family members while he was serving in WWI.","Daniel F. Heatwole correspondence includes a draft letter to the Honorable Charles Triplett O'Ferrall regarding O'Ferrall's petition to change mail arrangements and an October 5, 1908 letter from Cornelius Heatwole in which \"Corney\" alerts Daniel that \"I made my will before leaving Virginia, and in it, named you as my executor without consulting you about it.\" A letter from an unknown correspondent is included in which the author furnishes Daniel Heatwole with \"some traditional history of our beautiful valley not generally known to the present generation.\"","A folder of correspondence related to Trumbo family genealogy is located in Series 5.","Series 2: Financial Files, 1848-1951, documents the financial dealings of various members of the Heatwole and Lineweaver families. Materials include promissory notes, deeds, tax and general receipts, account books, and checkbook stubs.","The account books and ledgers primarily document David F. Lineweaver and Daniel F. Heatwole's personal and business accounts. An unattributed shoemaker's account book is also included and documents the shoes made and repaired for specific individuals. Names of customers include D. B. Armentrout, B. B. Miller, William Henkle, Tomas H. Showalter, and Jonathan Wampler. David Heatwole (1767-1842), who was the first-born son of Johann Mathias Heatwole (ancestor of the Virginia Heatwole line), learned the shoemaking trade from his uncle Christian Hess of Cootes Store. He went on to construct his own shoemaker's shop near Harrisonburg. While the aforementioned shoemaker's account book post-dates David Heatwole, it is not unlikely that one of his descendants would have also picked up the trade.","Of particular interest are three folders of Transfers of Real Estate for the Central District of Rockingham County, 1884-1909. These transfers do not document the Heatwole family explicitly so it seems likely that a member of the family, perhaps D. F. Heatwole, was acting in some official capacity to facilitate the real estate transfers. These documents describe the two parties involved in the real estate transfer and a brief description of the tract of land with a monetary valuation. D. H. Lee Martz served as the Rockingham County Clerk during this time period. Additionally, materials related to the sale of Heatwole family land adjacent to the Mt. Clinton School to the Rockingham County School Board is included.","Series 3: Personal Papers, 1838-1969, contains legal documents, ephemera, recipes, a diary, school materials related to the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, and military records primarily created and collected by select Heatwole family members.","Ella Heatwole Jacobson's papers include a large selection of play bills for dramatic on-campus productions and other ephemera from her time as a student at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg. Event invitations and a membership invitation to join the Lee Literary Society is also included. A daily schedule, program card, report card, diploma, and 1914 diary are also included. Ella's papers also contain a map and other material related to her time living in Montana.","Daniel F. Heatwole's papers are comprised of his 1893 appointment to postmaster at Sparkling Springs in Rockingham County and a published pamphlet of instructions to land assessors dated 1914.","Leonard Heatwole's papers include documents, blank postcards, and ephemera from his military service abroad during WWI. Some material is in French and German. Published material includes a  Carte Taride, No. 2  of France,  Speake French: A Book for the Soldiers ,  The Dauphiné Leave Area: A Historical and Geographical Sketch , and  The Soldiers' French Phrase Book .","A ciphering book belonging to a Mary Homan is included. The book includes examples and rules related to liquid and dry measurements and currency. Geographical terms are also defined. Homan's relationship to the Heatwoles is unclear.","Of particular interest is David F. Lineweaver's 1861 medical exemption from serving during the American Civil War.","Unattributed materials include miscellaneous ephemera, undated recipes and newspaper clippings, and an undated and handwritten constitution and by-laws of farmers.","Series 4: Photographs, 1877-1965, primarily documents the Heatwole family of Mt. Clinton and the Trumbo and Fawley families of Fulks Run. The photographs are largely black-and-white with many of the subjects' identities inscribed on the backs of the photos. A selection of real photo postcards are also contained in this series.","The Trumbo family photographs comprise the bulk of the series. They are more candid in nature and depict groups of people and landscape. Brocks Gap and Chimney Rock are prominently featured as is the John Riddle Trumbo homestead. In addition to the Trumbos and Fawleys, the Byrd, Bliss, and Ritchie families are represented in these photographs. Persons depicted include Leonard and Nora Trumbo Heatwole (with her horse Queen), Sarah Ann Fulk Trumbo, Rebecca Fawley, Wayne Fawley, Madeline Heatwole, and John Riddle Trumbo.","The Heatwole family photographs are almost exclusively portraits with a few group and candid photographs. Persons depicted include Ella Heatwole Jacobson (including a copper plate on a wood block), A. B. Heatwole Jr., and Beverly Heatwole Smith.","A small selection of photographs and photocopied photographs is contained within Series 5.","Series 5: Genealogy and Research Files, 1901-2001, is comprised primarily of genealogical materials related to the Heatwoles as well as the Trumbos and Lineweavers. Correspondence between Madeline Heatwole Stewart of Winchester and Alva Trumbo Wood of Harrisonburg documents the Trumbo family tree and includes original and facsimiled photographs. A research file on the West Central School and Mt. Clinton School includes early photographs, newspaper clippings, and anniversary programs related to the schools.","A copy of the  Catalogue of the Officers and Students of West Central Academy, Mt. Clinton, Virginia. Eleventh Session, 1901-1902. With Announcements for 1902-3 . (1902);  Circular of Instructions to Assessors and Assistant Assessors of Land  (1914); several ladies' magazines (1842-1858), and two issues of local newspapers ( Harrisonburg Daily News  and  The Rockingham Register ) have been removed from the collection and catalogued separately as part of Special Collections rare book collection. A large collection of published books, primarily juvenile literature and educational primers, have also been cataloged separately and added to the Special Collections rare book collection.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, document descendants of David Heatwole (1767-1842). The collection documents the Virginia Heatwoles, specifically those of Mt. Clinton and Dale Enterprise, as well as the Trumbos of Fulks Run. Materials include correspondence, financial records, personal papers, photographs, and ephemera.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.)","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","Lee Literary Society","Heatwole family","Trumbo family","Heatwole family -- Correspondence","Stewart, Donald W.","Heatwole, David, 1767-1842","English, French, German"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0252","/repositories/4/resources/431"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Heatwole Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Heatwole Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Heatwole Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"," United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"," United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Heatwole family","Stewart, Donald W."],"creator_ssim":["Heatwole family","Stewart, Donald W."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Stewart, Donald W."],"creator_famname_ssim":["Heatwole family"],"creators_ssim":["Stewart, Donald W.","Heatwole family"],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"," United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Heatwole family descendant Donald W. Stewart in June 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Schools -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Shoemakers","Real estate business -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Real estate business -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 20th century","World War, 1914-1918","Letters (correspondence)","Financial Records","Promissory notes","Receipts (financial records)","Genealogies (histories)","Photographs","Newspaper clippings","Diaries","Personal papers","Printed Ephemera","Postcards","Christmas cards","Account books","Family papers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Schools -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Shoemakers","Real estate business -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Real estate business -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 20th century","World War, 1914-1918","Letters (correspondence)","Financial Records","Promissory notes","Receipts (financial records)","Genealogies (histories)","Photographs","Newspaper clippings","Diaries","Personal papers","Printed Ephemera","Postcards","Christmas cards","Account books","Family papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.39 cubic feet 6 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2.39 cubic feet 6 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Financial Records","Promissory notes","Receipts (financial records)","Genealogies (histories)","Photographs","Newspaper clippings","Diaries","Personal papers","Printed Ephemera","Postcards","Christmas cards","Account books","Family papers"],"date_range_isim":[1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restriction"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVarious trinkets and objects, many presumably related to Leonard Heatwole's service during WWI, were included in the initial donation, but were ultimately returned to the donor due to limited research value.\u003c/p\u003e"],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal Note"],"appraisal_tesim":["Various trinkets and objects, many presumably related to Leonard Heatwole's service during WWI, were included in the initial donation, but were ultimately returned to the donor due to limited research value."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in five series. Series 1 is arranged into sub-series by type and further arranged chronologically. Series 2, 3, and 5 are arranged chronologically. Series 4 is arranged in the same groupings in which that type of material was received.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1891-1939\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eFinancial Files, 1848-1951\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal Papers, 1838-1969\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePhotographs, 1877-1965\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eGenealogy and Research Files, 1901-2001\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in five series. Series 1 is arranged into sub-series by type and further arranged chronologically. Series 2, 3, and 5 are arranged chronologically. Series 4 is arranged in the same groupings in which that type of material was received.","Correspondence, 1891-1939 Financial Files, 1848-1951 Personal Papers, 1838-1969 Photographs, 1877-1965 Genealogy and Research Files, 1901-2001"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eBrunk, Harry Anthony. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDavid Heatwole and His Descendants\u003c/emph\u003e. Harrisonburg, Va.: Park View Press, 1987.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Former County Daughter Dies in Cutbank Mon.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, August 24, 1918.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eHeatwole, Cornelius J. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHistory of the Heatwole Family from the Beginning of the Seventeenth Century to the Present Time\u003c/emph\u003e. New York, 1907.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"The Land Assessors.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, December 29, 1899.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Leonard Heatwole, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, September 23, 1969.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Schoolma'am\u003c/emph\u003e, 1912. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal and Industrial School for Women.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Brunk, Harry Anthony.  David Heatwole and His Descendants . Harrisonburg, Va.: Park View Press, 1987.","\"Former County Daughter Dies in Cutbank Mon.\"  Daily News-Record , August 24, 1918.","Heatwole, Cornelius J.  History of the Heatwole Family from the Beginning of the Seventeenth Century to the Present Time . New York, 1907.","\"The Land Assessors.\"  Daily News-Record , December 29, 1899.","Obituary for Leonard Heatwole,  Daily News-Record , September 23, 1969.","The Schoolma'am , 1912. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal and Industrial School for Women."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Heatwoles represented in this collection descended from David Heatwole (1767-1845) who was the eldest son of Johann Mathias Heatwole (1711-1776). David Heatwole, with his wife Magdalene and young family in tow, left Pennsylvania in the late-eighteenth century and settled near Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHeatwole family members documented in this collection are fourth and fifth generation descendants of David Heatwole and include Daniel Franklin \"D. F.\" Heatwole (1854-1922) and Sarah \"Sallie\" Margaret Lineweaver Heatwole (1857-1939) and their children Leonard Charles Heatwole (1891-1969), Daniel Rufus Heatwole (1894-1957), Alvin Bruer Heatwole (1888-1983), Elmer David Heatwole (1885-1964), and Ella Catherine Heatwole Jacobson (1883-1918).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDaniel F. Heatwole was an older brother of Cornelius Jacob Heatwole (1868-1939), who was appointed the Head of the Department of Education at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg. In 1893, Daniel F. Heatwole was appointed postmaster to Sparkling Springs in Rockingham County and in 1899, he was appointed by Judge Grattan to land assessor of the Linville District. He otherwise occupied himself with agricultural pursuits as a farmer.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eElla Heatwole Jacobson graduated from the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg in 1912 with a professional degree. While a student, Ella was a member of the Lee Literary Society and also served as chairwoman of the YWCA's bible study committee. Prior to marrying Anton Nikolai Jacobson on February 7, 1917 and moving to Cutbank, Montana, where her brother Elmer was also a resident, Ella taught school in Rockingham County, Virginia and was a member of the Singers Glen Baptist Church. She died August 21, 1918 in Montana from a complication of diseases. Her body was returned to Virginia in the company of her parents and her brother Elmer. She is buried at Cooks Creek Presbyterian Church Cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDavid F. Lineweaver, Sallie Heatwole's father, is also well-documented in this collection. Daniel F. Heatwole, Sallie's husband, acted as the administrator of Lineweaver's estate.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLeonard Heatwole married Nora Ellen Trumbo Heatwole (1894-1987) on June 18, 1925. Leonard served with the American Expeditionary Forces in France during WWI and was the registrar of the Mt. Clinton precinct for 35 years prior to retiring in 1967. Nora was born January 29, 1894 to John Riddle Trumbo and Sarah Fulk Trumbo of Fulks Run, Virginia. The collection descended through this line of the Heatwole family via Leonard and Nora's daughter Madeline Ann Heatwole Stewart (1926-2012) and her husband Donald William Stewart (b. 1920).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA full genealogy of the Heatwole family can be found in Harry Anthony Brunk's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDavid Heatwole and His Descendants\u003c/emph\u003e (1987). A thorough genealogical study of the Trumbo family is available in \nConrad Feltner's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Trumbo Family\u003c/emph\u003e (1974).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Heatwoles represented in this collection descended from David Heatwole (1767-1845) who was the eldest son of Johann Mathias Heatwole (1711-1776). David Heatwole, with his wife Magdalene and young family in tow, left Pennsylvania in the late-eighteenth century and settled near Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Heatwole family members documented in this collection are fourth and fifth generation descendants of David Heatwole and include Daniel Franklin \"D. F.\" Heatwole (1854-1922) and Sarah \"Sallie\" Margaret Lineweaver Heatwole (1857-1939) and their children Leonard Charles Heatwole (1891-1969), Daniel Rufus Heatwole (1894-1957), Alvin Bruer Heatwole (1888-1983), Elmer David Heatwole (1885-1964), and Ella Catherine Heatwole Jacobson (1883-1918).","Daniel F. Heatwole was an older brother of Cornelius Jacob Heatwole (1868-1939), who was appointed the Head of the Department of Education at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg. In 1893, Daniel F. Heatwole was appointed postmaster to Sparkling Springs in Rockingham County and in 1899, he was appointed by Judge Grattan to land assessor of the Linville District. He otherwise occupied himself with agricultural pursuits as a farmer.","Ella Heatwole Jacobson graduated from the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg in 1912 with a professional degree. While a student, Ella was a member of the Lee Literary Society and also served as chairwoman of the YWCA's bible study committee. Prior to marrying Anton Nikolai Jacobson on February 7, 1917 and moving to Cutbank, Montana, where her brother Elmer was also a resident, Ella taught school in Rockingham County, Virginia and was a member of the Singers Glen Baptist Church. She died August 21, 1918 in Montana from a complication of diseases. Her body was returned to Virginia in the company of her parents and her brother Elmer. She is buried at Cooks Creek Presbyterian Church Cemetery.","David F. Lineweaver, Sallie Heatwole's father, is also well-documented in this collection. Daniel F. Heatwole, Sallie's husband, acted as the administrator of Lineweaver's estate.","Leonard Heatwole married Nora Ellen Trumbo Heatwole (1894-1987) on June 18, 1925. Leonard served with the American Expeditionary Forces in France during WWI and was the registrar of the Mt. Clinton precinct for 35 years prior to retiring in 1967. Nora was born January 29, 1894 to John Riddle Trumbo and Sarah Fulk Trumbo of Fulks Run, Virginia. The collection descended through this line of the Heatwole family via Leonard and Nora's daughter Madeline Ann Heatwole Stewart (1926-2012) and her husband Donald William Stewart (b. 1920).","A full genealogy of the Heatwole family can be found in Harry Anthony Brunk's  David Heatwole and His Descendants  (1987). A thorough genealogical study of the Trumbo family is available in \nConrad Feltner's  The Trumbo Family  (1974)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, SC 0252, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, SC 0252, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was donated with basic groupings applied to materials (e.g. Trumbo family photographs were grouped together, Ella Heatwole Jacobson materials were grouped together, all postcards were grouped together regardless of recipient). The collection included several full newspaper issues that were collected for family obituaries. Those obituaries were photocopied and the original newspapers discarded. Other miscellaneous non-local newspapers were discarded.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection was donated with basic groupings applied to materials (e.g. Trumbo family photographs were grouped together, Ella Heatwole Jacobson materials were grouped together, all postcards were grouped together regardless of recipient). The collection included several full newspaper issues that were collected for family obituaries. Those obituaries were photocopied and the original newspapers discarded. Other miscellaneous non-local newspapers were discarded."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, document descendants of David Heatwole (1767-1842) who moved to Rockingham County, Virginia from Pennsylvania in the late-eighteenth century. The collection documents the Heatwoles of Mt. Clinton and Dale Enterprise as well as the Trumbos of Fulks Run. Materials include correspondence, financial records, account books and ledgers, personal papers, photographs, recipes, and ephemera. The collection also documents branches of the Lineweaver, Fawley, Ritchie, and Bliss families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1891-1939, is comprised primarily of postcards, Christmas cards, and general correspondence sent to and between Heatwole family members. The correspondence is arranged primarily by recipient, but in cases where the recipient is unknown (e.g. non-specific salutations and greetings or lack of return address), the correspondence is filed by author.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGiven that the bulk of this series is comprised of postcards and Christmas cards, the correspondence is generally chatty and newsy in tone. The contents often relates to family and community news and also includes sentiments of longing for correspondence in return. The postcards themselves portray local and national places of interest (and in some cases international places) as well as holiday imagery. General correspondence is more substantive and includes letters written by Leonard Heatwole to family members while he was serving in WWI.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDaniel F. Heatwole correspondence includes a draft letter to the Honorable Charles Triplett O'Ferrall regarding O'Ferrall's petition to change mail arrangements and an October 5, 1908 letter from Cornelius Heatwole in which \"Corney\" alerts Daniel that \"I made my will before leaving Virginia, and in it, named you as my executor without consulting you about it.\" A letter from an unknown correspondent is included in which the author furnishes Daniel Heatwole with \"some traditional history of our beautiful valley not generally known to the present generation.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA folder of correspondence related to Trumbo family genealogy is located in Series 5.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Financial Files, 1848-1951, documents the financial dealings of various members of the Heatwole and Lineweaver families. Materials include promissory notes, deeds, tax and general receipts, account books, and checkbook stubs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe account books and ledgers primarily document David F. Lineweaver and Daniel F. Heatwole's personal and business accounts. An unattributed shoemaker's account book is also included and documents the shoes made and repaired for specific individuals. Names of customers include D. B. Armentrout, B. B. Miller, William Henkle, Tomas H. Showalter, and Jonathan Wampler. David Heatwole (1767-1842), who was the first-born son of Johann Mathias Heatwole (ancestor of the Virginia Heatwole line), learned the shoemaking trade from his uncle Christian Hess of Cootes Store. He went on to construct his own shoemaker's shop near Harrisonburg. While the aforementioned shoemaker's account book post-dates David Heatwole, it is not unlikely that one of his descendants would have also picked up the trade.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf particular interest are three folders of Transfers of Real Estate for the Central District of Rockingham County, 1884-1909. These transfers do not document the Heatwole family explicitly so it seems likely that a member of the family, perhaps D. F. Heatwole, was acting in some official capacity to facilitate the real estate transfers. These documents describe the two parties involved in the real estate transfer and a brief description of the tract of land with a monetary valuation. D. H. Lee Martz served as the Rockingham County Clerk during this time period. Additionally, materials related to the sale of Heatwole family land adjacent to the Mt. Clinton School to the Rockingham County School Board is included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Personal Papers, 1838-1969, contains legal documents, ephemera, recipes, a diary, school materials related to the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, and military records primarily created and collected by select Heatwole family members.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eElla Heatwole Jacobson's papers include a large selection of play bills for dramatic on-campus productions and other ephemera from her time as a student at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg. Event invitations and a membership invitation to join the Lee Literary Society is also included. A daily schedule, program card, report card, diploma, and 1914 diary are also included. Ella's papers also contain a map and other material related to her time living in Montana.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDaniel F. Heatwole's papers are comprised of his 1893 appointment to postmaster at Sparkling Springs in Rockingham County and a published pamphlet of instructions to land assessors dated 1914.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLeonard Heatwole's papers include documents, blank postcards, and ephemera from his military service abroad during WWI. Some material is in French and German. Published material includes a \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCarte Taride, No. 2\u003c/emph\u003e of France, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSpeake French: A Book for the Soldiers\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Dauphiné Leave Area: A Historical and Geographical Sketch\u003c/emph\u003e, and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Soldiers' French Phrase Book\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA ciphering book belonging to a Mary Homan is included. The book includes examples and rules related to liquid and dry measurements and currency. Geographical terms are also defined. Homan's relationship to the Heatwoles is unclear.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf particular interest is David F. Lineweaver's 1861 medical exemption from serving during the American Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnattributed materials include miscellaneous ephemera, undated recipes and newspaper clippings, and an undated and handwritten constitution and by-laws of farmers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Photographs, 1877-1965, primarily documents the Heatwole family of Mt. Clinton and the Trumbo and Fawley families of Fulks Run. The photographs are largely black-and-white with many of the subjects' identities inscribed on the backs of the photos. A selection of real photo postcards are also contained in this series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Trumbo family photographs comprise the bulk of the series. They are more candid in nature and depict groups of people and landscape. Brocks Gap and Chimney Rock are prominently featured as is the John Riddle Trumbo homestead. In addition to the Trumbos and Fawleys, the Byrd, Bliss, and Ritchie families are represented in these photographs. Persons depicted include Leonard and Nora Trumbo Heatwole (with her horse Queen), Sarah Ann Fulk Trumbo, Rebecca Fawley, Wayne Fawley, Madeline Heatwole, and John Riddle Trumbo.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Heatwole family photographs are almost exclusively portraits with a few group and candid photographs. Persons depicted include Ella Heatwole Jacobson (including a copper plate on a wood block), A. B. Heatwole Jr., and Beverly Heatwole Smith.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA small selection of photographs and photocopied photographs is contained within Series 5.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Genealogy and Research Files, 1901-2001, is comprised primarily of genealogical materials related to the Heatwoles as well as the Trumbos and Lineweavers. Correspondence between Madeline Heatwole Stewart of Winchester and Alva Trumbo Wood of Harrisonburg documents the Trumbo family tree and includes original and facsimiled photographs. A research file on the West Central School and Mt. Clinton School includes early photographs, newspaper clippings, and anniversary programs related to the schools.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, document descendants of David Heatwole (1767-1842) who moved to Rockingham County, Virginia from Pennsylvania in the late-eighteenth century. The collection documents the Heatwoles of Mt. Clinton and Dale Enterprise as well as the Trumbos of Fulks Run. Materials include correspondence, financial records, account books and ledgers, personal papers, photographs, recipes, and ephemera. The collection also documents branches of the Lineweaver, Fawley, Ritchie, and Bliss families.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1891-1939, is comprised primarily of postcards, Christmas cards, and general correspondence sent to and between Heatwole family members. The correspondence is arranged primarily by recipient, but in cases where the recipient is unknown (e.g. non-specific salutations and greetings or lack of return address), the correspondence is filed by author.","Given that the bulk of this series is comprised of postcards and Christmas cards, the correspondence is generally chatty and newsy in tone. The contents often relates to family and community news and also includes sentiments of longing for correspondence in return. The postcards themselves portray local and national places of interest (and in some cases international places) as well as holiday imagery. General correspondence is more substantive and includes letters written by Leonard Heatwole to family members while he was serving in WWI.","Daniel F. Heatwole correspondence includes a draft letter to the Honorable Charles Triplett O'Ferrall regarding O'Ferrall's petition to change mail arrangements and an October 5, 1908 letter from Cornelius Heatwole in which \"Corney\" alerts Daniel that \"I made my will before leaving Virginia, and in it, named you as my executor without consulting you about it.\" A letter from an unknown correspondent is included in which the author furnishes Daniel Heatwole with \"some traditional history of our beautiful valley not generally known to the present generation.\"","A folder of correspondence related to Trumbo family genealogy is located in Series 5.","Series 2: Financial Files, 1848-1951, documents the financial dealings of various members of the Heatwole and Lineweaver families. Materials include promissory notes, deeds, tax and general receipts, account books, and checkbook stubs.","The account books and ledgers primarily document David F. Lineweaver and Daniel F. Heatwole's personal and business accounts. An unattributed shoemaker's account book is also included and documents the shoes made and repaired for specific individuals. Names of customers include D. B. Armentrout, B. B. Miller, William Henkle, Tomas H. Showalter, and Jonathan Wampler. David Heatwole (1767-1842), who was the first-born son of Johann Mathias Heatwole (ancestor of the Virginia Heatwole line), learned the shoemaking trade from his uncle Christian Hess of Cootes Store. He went on to construct his own shoemaker's shop near Harrisonburg. While the aforementioned shoemaker's account book post-dates David Heatwole, it is not unlikely that one of his descendants would have also picked up the trade.","Of particular interest are three folders of Transfers of Real Estate for the Central District of Rockingham County, 1884-1909. These transfers do not document the Heatwole family explicitly so it seems likely that a member of the family, perhaps D. F. Heatwole, was acting in some official capacity to facilitate the real estate transfers. These documents describe the two parties involved in the real estate transfer and a brief description of the tract of land with a monetary valuation. D. H. Lee Martz served as the Rockingham County Clerk during this time period. Additionally, materials related to the sale of Heatwole family land adjacent to the Mt. Clinton School to the Rockingham County School Board is included.","Series 3: Personal Papers, 1838-1969, contains legal documents, ephemera, recipes, a diary, school materials related to the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, and military records primarily created and collected by select Heatwole family members.","Ella Heatwole Jacobson's papers include a large selection of play bills for dramatic on-campus productions and other ephemera from her time as a student at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg. Event invitations and a membership invitation to join the Lee Literary Society is also included. A daily schedule, program card, report card, diploma, and 1914 diary are also included. Ella's papers also contain a map and other material related to her time living in Montana.","Daniel F. Heatwole's papers are comprised of his 1893 appointment to postmaster at Sparkling Springs in Rockingham County and a published pamphlet of instructions to land assessors dated 1914.","Leonard Heatwole's papers include documents, blank postcards, and ephemera from his military service abroad during WWI. Some material is in French and German. Published material includes a  Carte Taride, No. 2  of France,  Speake French: A Book for the Soldiers ,  The Dauphiné Leave Area: A Historical and Geographical Sketch , and  The Soldiers' French Phrase Book .","A ciphering book belonging to a Mary Homan is included. The book includes examples and rules related to liquid and dry measurements and currency. Geographical terms are also defined. Homan's relationship to the Heatwoles is unclear.","Of particular interest is David F. Lineweaver's 1861 medical exemption from serving during the American Civil War.","Unattributed materials include miscellaneous ephemera, undated recipes and newspaper clippings, and an undated and handwritten constitution and by-laws of farmers.","Series 4: Photographs, 1877-1965, primarily documents the Heatwole family of Mt. Clinton and the Trumbo and Fawley families of Fulks Run. The photographs are largely black-and-white with many of the subjects' identities inscribed on the backs of the photos. A selection of real photo postcards are also contained in this series.","The Trumbo family photographs comprise the bulk of the series. They are more candid in nature and depict groups of people and landscape. Brocks Gap and Chimney Rock are prominently featured as is the John Riddle Trumbo homestead. In addition to the Trumbos and Fawleys, the Byrd, Bliss, and Ritchie families are represented in these photographs. Persons depicted include Leonard and Nora Trumbo Heatwole (with her horse Queen), Sarah Ann Fulk Trumbo, Rebecca Fawley, Wayne Fawley, Madeline Heatwole, and John Riddle Trumbo.","The Heatwole family photographs are almost exclusively portraits with a few group and candid photographs. Persons depicted include Ella Heatwole Jacobson (including a copper plate on a wood block), A. B. Heatwole Jr., and Beverly Heatwole Smith.","A small selection of photographs and photocopied photographs is contained within Series 5.","Series 5: Genealogy and Research Files, 1901-2001, is comprised primarily of genealogical materials related to the Heatwoles as well as the Trumbos and Lineweavers. Correspondence between Madeline Heatwole Stewart of Winchester and Alva Trumbo Wood of Harrisonburg documents the Trumbo family tree and includes original and facsimiled photographs. A research file on the West Central School and Mt. Clinton School includes early photographs, newspaper clippings, and anniversary programs related to the schools."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA copy of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCatalogue of the Officers and Students of West Central Academy, Mt. Clinton, Virginia. Eleventh Session, 1901-1902. With Announcements for 1902-3\u003c/emph\u003e. (1902); \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCircular of Instructions to Assessors and Assistant Assessors of Land\u003c/emph\u003e (1914); several ladies' magazines (1842-1858), and two issues of local newspapers (\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHarrisonburg Daily News\u003c/emph\u003e and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Rockingham Register\u003c/emph\u003e) have been removed from the collection and catalogued separately as part of Special Collections rare book collection. A large collection of published books, primarily juvenile literature and educational primers, have also been cataloged separately and added to the Special Collections rare book collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["A copy of the  Catalogue of the Officers and Students of West Central Academy, Mt. Clinton, Virginia. Eleventh Session, 1901-1902. With Announcements for 1902-3 . (1902);  Circular of Instructions to Assessors and Assistant Assessors of Land  (1914); several ladies' magazines (1842-1858), and two issues of local newspapers ( Harrisonburg Daily News  and  The Rockingham Register ) have been removed from the collection and catalogued separately as part of Special Collections rare book collection. A large collection of published books, primarily juvenile literature and educational primers, have also been cataloged separately and added to the Special Collections rare book collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_84cb829f6d925ab2484bbc3c53aa9b80\"\u003eThe Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, document descendants of David Heatwole (1767-1842). The collection documents the Virginia Heatwoles, specifically those of Mt. Clinton and Dale Enterprise, as well as the Trumbos of Fulks Run. Materials include correspondence, financial records, personal papers, photographs, and ephemera.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, document descendants of David Heatwole (1767-1842). The collection documents the Virginia Heatwoles, specifically those of Mt. Clinton and Dale Enterprise, as well as the Trumbos of Fulks Run. Materials include correspondence, financial records, personal papers, photographs, and ephemera."],"names_coll_ssim":["State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.)","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","Lee Literary Society","Trumbo family","Heatwole family -- Correspondence","Stewart, Donald W.","Heatwole, David, 1767-1842"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.)","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","Lee Literary Society","Heatwole family","Trumbo family","Heatwole family -- Correspondence","Stewart, Donald W.","Heatwole, David, 1767-1842"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.)","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","Lee Literary Society"],"famname_ssim":["Heatwole family","Trumbo family","Heatwole family -- Correspondence"],"persname_ssim":["Stewart, Donald W.","Heatwole, David, 1767-1842"],"language_ssim":["English, French, German"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":73,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:24:36.195Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_431","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_431","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_431","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_431","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_431.xml","title_ssm":["Heatwole Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Heatwole Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1838-2001"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1838-2001"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0252","/repositories/4/resources/431"],"text":["SC 0252","/repositories/4/resources/431","Heatwole Family Papers","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"," United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Schools -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Shoemakers","Real estate business -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Real estate business -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 20th century","World War, 1914-1918","Letters (correspondence)","Financial Records","Promissory notes","Receipts (financial records)","Genealogies (histories)","Photographs","Newspaper clippings","Diaries","Personal papers","Printed Ephemera","Postcards","Christmas cards","Account books","Family papers","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Various trinkets and objects, many presumably related to Leonard Heatwole's service during WWI, were included in the initial donation, but were ultimately returned to the donor due to limited research value.","The collection is arranged in five series. Series 1 is arranged into sub-series by type and further arranged chronologically. Series 2, 3, and 5 are arranged chronologically. Series 4 is arranged in the same groupings in which that type of material was received.","Correspondence, 1891-1939 Financial Files, 1848-1951 Personal Papers, 1838-1969 Photographs, 1877-1965 Genealogy and Research Files, 1901-2001","Brunk, Harry Anthony.  David Heatwole and His Descendants . Harrisonburg, Va.: Park View Press, 1987.","\"Former County Daughter Dies in Cutbank Mon.\"  Daily News-Record , August 24, 1918.","Heatwole, Cornelius J.  History of the Heatwole Family from the Beginning of the Seventeenth Century to the Present Time . New York, 1907.","\"The Land Assessors.\"  Daily News-Record , December 29, 1899.","Obituary for Leonard Heatwole,  Daily News-Record , September 23, 1969.","The Schoolma'am , 1912. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal and Industrial School for Women.","The Virginia Heatwoles represented in this collection descended from David Heatwole (1767-1845) who was the eldest son of Johann Mathias Heatwole (1711-1776). David Heatwole, with his wife Magdalene and young family in tow, left Pennsylvania in the late-eighteenth century and settled near Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Heatwole family members documented in this collection are fourth and fifth generation descendants of David Heatwole and include Daniel Franklin \"D. F.\" Heatwole (1854-1922) and Sarah \"Sallie\" Margaret Lineweaver Heatwole (1857-1939) and their children Leonard Charles Heatwole (1891-1969), Daniel Rufus Heatwole (1894-1957), Alvin Bruer Heatwole (1888-1983), Elmer David Heatwole (1885-1964), and Ella Catherine Heatwole Jacobson (1883-1918).","Daniel F. Heatwole was an older brother of Cornelius Jacob Heatwole (1868-1939), who was appointed the Head of the Department of Education at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg. In 1893, Daniel F. Heatwole was appointed postmaster to Sparkling Springs in Rockingham County and in 1899, he was appointed by Judge Grattan to land assessor of the Linville District. He otherwise occupied himself with agricultural pursuits as a farmer.","Ella Heatwole Jacobson graduated from the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg in 1912 with a professional degree. While a student, Ella was a member of the Lee Literary Society and also served as chairwoman of the YWCA's bible study committee. Prior to marrying Anton Nikolai Jacobson on February 7, 1917 and moving to Cutbank, Montana, where her brother Elmer was also a resident, Ella taught school in Rockingham County, Virginia and was a member of the Singers Glen Baptist Church. She died August 21, 1918 in Montana from a complication of diseases. Her body was returned to Virginia in the company of her parents and her brother Elmer. She is buried at Cooks Creek Presbyterian Church Cemetery.","David F. Lineweaver, Sallie Heatwole's father, is also well-documented in this collection. Daniel F. Heatwole, Sallie's husband, acted as the administrator of Lineweaver's estate.","Leonard Heatwole married Nora Ellen Trumbo Heatwole (1894-1987) on June 18, 1925. Leonard served with the American Expeditionary Forces in France during WWI and was the registrar of the Mt. Clinton precinct for 35 years prior to retiring in 1967. Nora was born January 29, 1894 to John Riddle Trumbo and Sarah Fulk Trumbo of Fulks Run, Virginia. The collection descended through this line of the Heatwole family via Leonard and Nora's daughter Madeline Ann Heatwole Stewart (1926-2012) and her husband Donald William Stewart (b. 1920).","A full genealogy of the Heatwole family can be found in Harry Anthony Brunk's  David Heatwole and His Descendants  (1987). A thorough genealogical study of the Trumbo family is available in \nConrad Feltner's  The Trumbo Family  (1974).","The collection was donated with basic groupings applied to materials (e.g. Trumbo family photographs were grouped together, Ella Heatwole Jacobson materials were grouped together, all postcards were grouped together regardless of recipient). The collection included several full newspaper issues that were collected for family obituaries. Those obituaries were photocopied and the original newspapers discarded. Other miscellaneous non-local newspapers were discarded.","The Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, document descendants of David Heatwole (1767-1842) who moved to Rockingham County, Virginia from Pennsylvania in the late-eighteenth century. The collection documents the Heatwoles of Mt. Clinton and Dale Enterprise as well as the Trumbos of Fulks Run. Materials include correspondence, financial records, account books and ledgers, personal papers, photographs, recipes, and ephemera. The collection also documents branches of the Lineweaver, Fawley, Ritchie, and Bliss families.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1891-1939, is comprised primarily of postcards, Christmas cards, and general correspondence sent to and between Heatwole family members. The correspondence is arranged primarily by recipient, but in cases where the recipient is unknown (e.g. non-specific salutations and greetings or lack of return address), the correspondence is filed by author.","Given that the bulk of this series is comprised of postcards and Christmas cards, the correspondence is generally chatty and newsy in tone. The contents often relates to family and community news and also includes sentiments of longing for correspondence in return. The postcards themselves portray local and national places of interest (and in some cases international places) as well as holiday imagery. General correspondence is more substantive and includes letters written by Leonard Heatwole to family members while he was serving in WWI.","Daniel F. Heatwole correspondence includes a draft letter to the Honorable Charles Triplett O'Ferrall regarding O'Ferrall's petition to change mail arrangements and an October 5, 1908 letter from Cornelius Heatwole in which \"Corney\" alerts Daniel that \"I made my will before leaving Virginia, and in it, named you as my executor without consulting you about it.\" A letter from an unknown correspondent is included in which the author furnishes Daniel Heatwole with \"some traditional history of our beautiful valley not generally known to the present generation.\"","A folder of correspondence related to Trumbo family genealogy is located in Series 5.","Series 2: Financial Files, 1848-1951, documents the financial dealings of various members of the Heatwole and Lineweaver families. Materials include promissory notes, deeds, tax and general receipts, account books, and checkbook stubs.","The account books and ledgers primarily document David F. Lineweaver and Daniel F. Heatwole's personal and business accounts. An unattributed shoemaker's account book is also included and documents the shoes made and repaired for specific individuals. Names of customers include D. B. Armentrout, B. B. Miller, William Henkle, Tomas H. Showalter, and Jonathan Wampler. David Heatwole (1767-1842), who was the first-born son of Johann Mathias Heatwole (ancestor of the Virginia Heatwole line), learned the shoemaking trade from his uncle Christian Hess of Cootes Store. He went on to construct his own shoemaker's shop near Harrisonburg. While the aforementioned shoemaker's account book post-dates David Heatwole, it is not unlikely that one of his descendants would have also picked up the trade.","Of particular interest are three folders of Transfers of Real Estate for the Central District of Rockingham County, 1884-1909. These transfers do not document the Heatwole family explicitly so it seems likely that a member of the family, perhaps D. F. Heatwole, was acting in some official capacity to facilitate the real estate transfers. These documents describe the two parties involved in the real estate transfer and a brief description of the tract of land with a monetary valuation. D. H. Lee Martz served as the Rockingham County Clerk during this time period. Additionally, materials related to the sale of Heatwole family land adjacent to the Mt. Clinton School to the Rockingham County School Board is included.","Series 3: Personal Papers, 1838-1969, contains legal documents, ephemera, recipes, a diary, school materials related to the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, and military records primarily created and collected by select Heatwole family members.","Ella Heatwole Jacobson's papers include a large selection of play bills for dramatic on-campus productions and other ephemera from her time as a student at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg. Event invitations and a membership invitation to join the Lee Literary Society is also included. A daily schedule, program card, report card, diploma, and 1914 diary are also included. Ella's papers also contain a map and other material related to her time living in Montana.","Daniel F. Heatwole's papers are comprised of his 1893 appointment to postmaster at Sparkling Springs in Rockingham County and a published pamphlet of instructions to land assessors dated 1914.","Leonard Heatwole's papers include documents, blank postcards, and ephemera from his military service abroad during WWI. Some material is in French and German. Published material includes a  Carte Taride, No. 2  of France,  Speake French: A Book for the Soldiers ,  The Dauphiné Leave Area: A Historical and Geographical Sketch , and  The Soldiers' French Phrase Book .","A ciphering book belonging to a Mary Homan is included. The book includes examples and rules related to liquid and dry measurements and currency. Geographical terms are also defined. Homan's relationship to the Heatwoles is unclear.","Of particular interest is David F. Lineweaver's 1861 medical exemption from serving during the American Civil War.","Unattributed materials include miscellaneous ephemera, undated recipes and newspaper clippings, and an undated and handwritten constitution and by-laws of farmers.","Series 4: Photographs, 1877-1965, primarily documents the Heatwole family of Mt. Clinton and the Trumbo and Fawley families of Fulks Run. The photographs are largely black-and-white with many of the subjects' identities inscribed on the backs of the photos. A selection of real photo postcards are also contained in this series.","The Trumbo family photographs comprise the bulk of the series. They are more candid in nature and depict groups of people and landscape. Brocks Gap and Chimney Rock are prominently featured as is the John Riddle Trumbo homestead. In addition to the Trumbos and Fawleys, the Byrd, Bliss, and Ritchie families are represented in these photographs. Persons depicted include Leonard and Nora Trumbo Heatwole (with her horse Queen), Sarah Ann Fulk Trumbo, Rebecca Fawley, Wayne Fawley, Madeline Heatwole, and John Riddle Trumbo.","The Heatwole family photographs are almost exclusively portraits with a few group and candid photographs. Persons depicted include Ella Heatwole Jacobson (including a copper plate on a wood block), A. B. Heatwole Jr., and Beverly Heatwole Smith.","A small selection of photographs and photocopied photographs is contained within Series 5.","Series 5: Genealogy and Research Files, 1901-2001, is comprised primarily of genealogical materials related to the Heatwoles as well as the Trumbos and Lineweavers. Correspondence between Madeline Heatwole Stewart of Winchester and Alva Trumbo Wood of Harrisonburg documents the Trumbo family tree and includes original and facsimiled photographs. A research file on the West Central School and Mt. Clinton School includes early photographs, newspaper clippings, and anniversary programs related to the schools.","A copy of the  Catalogue of the Officers and Students of West Central Academy, Mt. Clinton, Virginia. Eleventh Session, 1901-1902. With Announcements for 1902-3 . (1902);  Circular of Instructions to Assessors and Assistant Assessors of Land  (1914); several ladies' magazines (1842-1858), and two issues of local newspapers ( Harrisonburg Daily News  and  The Rockingham Register ) have been removed from the collection and catalogued separately as part of Special Collections rare book collection. A large collection of published books, primarily juvenile literature and educational primers, have also been cataloged separately and added to the Special Collections rare book collection.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, document descendants of David Heatwole (1767-1842). The collection documents the Virginia Heatwoles, specifically those of Mt. Clinton and Dale Enterprise, as well as the Trumbos of Fulks Run. Materials include correspondence, financial records, personal papers, photographs, and ephemera.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.)","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","Lee Literary Society","Heatwole family","Trumbo family","Heatwole family -- Correspondence","Stewart, Donald W.","Heatwole, David, 1767-1842","English, French, German"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0252","/repositories/4/resources/431"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Heatwole Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Heatwole Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Heatwole Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"," United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"," United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Heatwole family","Stewart, Donald W."],"creator_ssim":["Heatwole family","Stewart, Donald W."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Stewart, Donald W."],"creator_famname_ssim":["Heatwole family"],"creators_ssim":["Stewart, Donald W.","Heatwole family"],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"," United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Heatwole family descendant Donald W. Stewart in June 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Schools -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Shoemakers","Real estate business -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Real estate business -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 20th century","World War, 1914-1918","Letters (correspondence)","Financial Records","Promissory notes","Receipts (financial records)","Genealogies (histories)","Photographs","Newspaper clippings","Diaries","Personal papers","Printed Ephemera","Postcards","Christmas cards","Account books","Family papers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Schools -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Shoemakers","Real estate business -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Real estate business -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 20th century","World War, 1914-1918","Letters (correspondence)","Financial Records","Promissory notes","Receipts (financial records)","Genealogies (histories)","Photographs","Newspaper clippings","Diaries","Personal papers","Printed Ephemera","Postcards","Christmas cards","Account books","Family papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.39 cubic feet 6 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2.39 cubic feet 6 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Financial Records","Promissory notes","Receipts (financial records)","Genealogies (histories)","Photographs","Newspaper clippings","Diaries","Personal papers","Printed Ephemera","Postcards","Christmas cards","Account books","Family papers"],"date_range_isim":[1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restriction"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVarious trinkets and objects, many presumably related to Leonard Heatwole's service during WWI, were included in the initial donation, but were ultimately returned to the donor due to limited research value.\u003c/p\u003e"],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal Note"],"appraisal_tesim":["Various trinkets and objects, many presumably related to Leonard Heatwole's service during WWI, were included in the initial donation, but were ultimately returned to the donor due to limited research value."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in five series. Series 1 is arranged into sub-series by type and further arranged chronologically. Series 2, 3, and 5 are arranged chronologically. Series 4 is arranged in the same groupings in which that type of material was received.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1891-1939\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eFinancial Files, 1848-1951\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal Papers, 1838-1969\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePhotographs, 1877-1965\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eGenealogy and Research Files, 1901-2001\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in five series. Series 1 is arranged into sub-series by type and further arranged chronologically. Series 2, 3, and 5 are arranged chronologically. Series 4 is arranged in the same groupings in which that type of material was received.","Correspondence, 1891-1939 Financial Files, 1848-1951 Personal Papers, 1838-1969 Photographs, 1877-1965 Genealogy and Research Files, 1901-2001"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eBrunk, Harry Anthony. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDavid Heatwole and His Descendants\u003c/emph\u003e. Harrisonburg, Va.: Park View Press, 1987.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Former County Daughter Dies in Cutbank Mon.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, August 24, 1918.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eHeatwole, Cornelius J. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHistory of the Heatwole Family from the Beginning of the Seventeenth Century to the Present Time\u003c/emph\u003e. New York, 1907.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"The Land Assessors.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, December 29, 1899.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Leonard Heatwole, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, September 23, 1969.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Schoolma'am\u003c/emph\u003e, 1912. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal and Industrial School for Women.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Brunk, Harry Anthony.  David Heatwole and His Descendants . Harrisonburg, Va.: Park View Press, 1987.","\"Former County Daughter Dies in Cutbank Mon.\"  Daily News-Record , August 24, 1918.","Heatwole, Cornelius J.  History of the Heatwole Family from the Beginning of the Seventeenth Century to the Present Time . New York, 1907.","\"The Land Assessors.\"  Daily News-Record , December 29, 1899.","Obituary for Leonard Heatwole,  Daily News-Record , September 23, 1969.","The Schoolma'am , 1912. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal and Industrial School for Women."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Heatwoles represented in this collection descended from David Heatwole (1767-1845) who was the eldest son of Johann Mathias Heatwole (1711-1776). David Heatwole, with his wife Magdalene and young family in tow, left Pennsylvania in the late-eighteenth century and settled near Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHeatwole family members documented in this collection are fourth and fifth generation descendants of David Heatwole and include Daniel Franklin \"D. F.\" Heatwole (1854-1922) and Sarah \"Sallie\" Margaret Lineweaver Heatwole (1857-1939) and their children Leonard Charles Heatwole (1891-1969), Daniel Rufus Heatwole (1894-1957), Alvin Bruer Heatwole (1888-1983), Elmer David Heatwole (1885-1964), and Ella Catherine Heatwole Jacobson (1883-1918).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDaniel F. Heatwole was an older brother of Cornelius Jacob Heatwole (1868-1939), who was appointed the Head of the Department of Education at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg. In 1893, Daniel F. Heatwole was appointed postmaster to Sparkling Springs in Rockingham County and in 1899, he was appointed by Judge Grattan to land assessor of the Linville District. He otherwise occupied himself with agricultural pursuits as a farmer.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eElla Heatwole Jacobson graduated from the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg in 1912 with a professional degree. While a student, Ella was a member of the Lee Literary Society and also served as chairwoman of the YWCA's bible study committee. Prior to marrying Anton Nikolai Jacobson on February 7, 1917 and moving to Cutbank, Montana, where her brother Elmer was also a resident, Ella taught school in Rockingham County, Virginia and was a member of the Singers Glen Baptist Church. She died August 21, 1918 in Montana from a complication of diseases. Her body was returned to Virginia in the company of her parents and her brother Elmer. She is buried at Cooks Creek Presbyterian Church Cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDavid F. Lineweaver, Sallie Heatwole's father, is also well-documented in this collection. Daniel F. Heatwole, Sallie's husband, acted as the administrator of Lineweaver's estate.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLeonard Heatwole married Nora Ellen Trumbo Heatwole (1894-1987) on June 18, 1925. Leonard served with the American Expeditionary Forces in France during WWI and was the registrar of the Mt. Clinton precinct for 35 years prior to retiring in 1967. Nora was born January 29, 1894 to John Riddle Trumbo and Sarah Fulk Trumbo of Fulks Run, Virginia. The collection descended through this line of the Heatwole family via Leonard and Nora's daughter Madeline Ann Heatwole Stewart (1926-2012) and her husband Donald William Stewart (b. 1920).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA full genealogy of the Heatwole family can be found in Harry Anthony Brunk's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDavid Heatwole and His Descendants\u003c/emph\u003e (1987). A thorough genealogical study of the Trumbo family is available in \nConrad Feltner's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Trumbo Family\u003c/emph\u003e (1974).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Heatwoles represented in this collection descended from David Heatwole (1767-1845) who was the eldest son of Johann Mathias Heatwole (1711-1776). David Heatwole, with his wife Magdalene and young family in tow, left Pennsylvania in the late-eighteenth century and settled near Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Heatwole family members documented in this collection are fourth and fifth generation descendants of David Heatwole and include Daniel Franklin \"D. F.\" Heatwole (1854-1922) and Sarah \"Sallie\" Margaret Lineweaver Heatwole (1857-1939) and their children Leonard Charles Heatwole (1891-1969), Daniel Rufus Heatwole (1894-1957), Alvin Bruer Heatwole (1888-1983), Elmer David Heatwole (1885-1964), and Ella Catherine Heatwole Jacobson (1883-1918).","Daniel F. Heatwole was an older brother of Cornelius Jacob Heatwole (1868-1939), who was appointed the Head of the Department of Education at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg. In 1893, Daniel F. Heatwole was appointed postmaster to Sparkling Springs in Rockingham County and in 1899, he was appointed by Judge Grattan to land assessor of the Linville District. He otherwise occupied himself with agricultural pursuits as a farmer.","Ella Heatwole Jacobson graduated from the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg in 1912 with a professional degree. While a student, Ella was a member of the Lee Literary Society and also served as chairwoman of the YWCA's bible study committee. Prior to marrying Anton Nikolai Jacobson on February 7, 1917 and moving to Cutbank, Montana, where her brother Elmer was also a resident, Ella taught school in Rockingham County, Virginia and was a member of the Singers Glen Baptist Church. She died August 21, 1918 in Montana from a complication of diseases. Her body was returned to Virginia in the company of her parents and her brother Elmer. She is buried at Cooks Creek Presbyterian Church Cemetery.","David F. Lineweaver, Sallie Heatwole's father, is also well-documented in this collection. Daniel F. Heatwole, Sallie's husband, acted as the administrator of Lineweaver's estate.","Leonard Heatwole married Nora Ellen Trumbo Heatwole (1894-1987) on June 18, 1925. Leonard served with the American Expeditionary Forces in France during WWI and was the registrar of the Mt. Clinton precinct for 35 years prior to retiring in 1967. Nora was born January 29, 1894 to John Riddle Trumbo and Sarah Fulk Trumbo of Fulks Run, Virginia. The collection descended through this line of the Heatwole family via Leonard and Nora's daughter Madeline Ann Heatwole Stewart (1926-2012) and her husband Donald William Stewart (b. 1920).","A full genealogy of the Heatwole family can be found in Harry Anthony Brunk's  David Heatwole and His Descendants  (1987). A thorough genealogical study of the Trumbo family is available in \nConrad Feltner's  The Trumbo Family  (1974)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, SC 0252, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, SC 0252, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was donated with basic groupings applied to materials (e.g. Trumbo family photographs were grouped together, Ella Heatwole Jacobson materials were grouped together, all postcards were grouped together regardless of recipient). The collection included several full newspaper issues that were collected for family obituaries. Those obituaries were photocopied and the original newspapers discarded. Other miscellaneous non-local newspapers were discarded.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection was donated with basic groupings applied to materials (e.g. Trumbo family photographs were grouped together, Ella Heatwole Jacobson materials were grouped together, all postcards were grouped together regardless of recipient). The collection included several full newspaper issues that were collected for family obituaries. Those obituaries were photocopied and the original newspapers discarded. Other miscellaneous non-local newspapers were discarded."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, document descendants of David Heatwole (1767-1842) who moved to Rockingham County, Virginia from Pennsylvania in the late-eighteenth century. The collection documents the Heatwoles of Mt. Clinton and Dale Enterprise as well as the Trumbos of Fulks Run. Materials include correspondence, financial records, account books and ledgers, personal papers, photographs, recipes, and ephemera. The collection also documents branches of the Lineweaver, Fawley, Ritchie, and Bliss families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1891-1939, is comprised primarily of postcards, Christmas cards, and general correspondence sent to and between Heatwole family members. The correspondence is arranged primarily by recipient, but in cases where the recipient is unknown (e.g. non-specific salutations and greetings or lack of return address), the correspondence is filed by author.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGiven that the bulk of this series is comprised of postcards and Christmas cards, the correspondence is generally chatty and newsy in tone. The contents often relates to family and community news and also includes sentiments of longing for correspondence in return. The postcards themselves portray local and national places of interest (and in some cases international places) as well as holiday imagery. General correspondence is more substantive and includes letters written by Leonard Heatwole to family members while he was serving in WWI.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDaniel F. Heatwole correspondence includes a draft letter to the Honorable Charles Triplett O'Ferrall regarding O'Ferrall's petition to change mail arrangements and an October 5, 1908 letter from Cornelius Heatwole in which \"Corney\" alerts Daniel that \"I made my will before leaving Virginia, and in it, named you as my executor without consulting you about it.\" A letter from an unknown correspondent is included in which the author furnishes Daniel Heatwole with \"some traditional history of our beautiful valley not generally known to the present generation.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA folder of correspondence related to Trumbo family genealogy is located in Series 5.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Financial Files, 1848-1951, documents the financial dealings of various members of the Heatwole and Lineweaver families. Materials include promissory notes, deeds, tax and general receipts, account books, and checkbook stubs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe account books and ledgers primarily document David F. Lineweaver and Daniel F. Heatwole's personal and business accounts. An unattributed shoemaker's account book is also included and documents the shoes made and repaired for specific individuals. Names of customers include D. B. Armentrout, B. B. Miller, William Henkle, Tomas H. Showalter, and Jonathan Wampler. David Heatwole (1767-1842), who was the first-born son of Johann Mathias Heatwole (ancestor of the Virginia Heatwole line), learned the shoemaking trade from his uncle Christian Hess of Cootes Store. He went on to construct his own shoemaker's shop near Harrisonburg. While the aforementioned shoemaker's account book post-dates David Heatwole, it is not unlikely that one of his descendants would have also picked up the trade.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf particular interest are three folders of Transfers of Real Estate for the Central District of Rockingham County, 1884-1909. These transfers do not document the Heatwole family explicitly so it seems likely that a member of the family, perhaps D. F. Heatwole, was acting in some official capacity to facilitate the real estate transfers. These documents describe the two parties involved in the real estate transfer and a brief description of the tract of land with a monetary valuation. D. H. Lee Martz served as the Rockingham County Clerk during this time period. Additionally, materials related to the sale of Heatwole family land adjacent to the Mt. Clinton School to the Rockingham County School Board is included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Personal Papers, 1838-1969, contains legal documents, ephemera, recipes, a diary, school materials related to the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, and military records primarily created and collected by select Heatwole family members.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eElla Heatwole Jacobson's papers include a large selection of play bills for dramatic on-campus productions and other ephemera from her time as a student at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg. Event invitations and a membership invitation to join the Lee Literary Society is also included. A daily schedule, program card, report card, diploma, and 1914 diary are also included. Ella's papers also contain a map and other material related to her time living in Montana.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDaniel F. Heatwole's papers are comprised of his 1893 appointment to postmaster at Sparkling Springs in Rockingham County and a published pamphlet of instructions to land assessors dated 1914.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLeonard Heatwole's papers include documents, blank postcards, and ephemera from his military service abroad during WWI. Some material is in French and German. Published material includes a \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCarte Taride, No. 2\u003c/emph\u003e of France, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSpeake French: A Book for the Soldiers\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Dauphiné Leave Area: A Historical and Geographical Sketch\u003c/emph\u003e, and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Soldiers' French Phrase Book\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA ciphering book belonging to a Mary Homan is included. The book includes examples and rules related to liquid and dry measurements and currency. Geographical terms are also defined. Homan's relationship to the Heatwoles is unclear.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf particular interest is David F. Lineweaver's 1861 medical exemption from serving during the American Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnattributed materials include miscellaneous ephemera, undated recipes and newspaper clippings, and an undated and handwritten constitution and by-laws of farmers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Photographs, 1877-1965, primarily documents the Heatwole family of Mt. Clinton and the Trumbo and Fawley families of Fulks Run. The photographs are largely black-and-white with many of the subjects' identities inscribed on the backs of the photos. A selection of real photo postcards are also contained in this series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Trumbo family photographs comprise the bulk of the series. They are more candid in nature and depict groups of people and landscape. Brocks Gap and Chimney Rock are prominently featured as is the John Riddle Trumbo homestead. In addition to the Trumbos and Fawleys, the Byrd, Bliss, and Ritchie families are represented in these photographs. Persons depicted include Leonard and Nora Trumbo Heatwole (with her horse Queen), Sarah Ann Fulk Trumbo, Rebecca Fawley, Wayne Fawley, Madeline Heatwole, and John Riddle Trumbo.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Heatwole family photographs are almost exclusively portraits with a few group and candid photographs. Persons depicted include Ella Heatwole Jacobson (including a copper plate on a wood block), A. B. Heatwole Jr., and Beverly Heatwole Smith.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA small selection of photographs and photocopied photographs is contained within Series 5.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Genealogy and Research Files, 1901-2001, is comprised primarily of genealogical materials related to the Heatwoles as well as the Trumbos and Lineweavers. Correspondence between Madeline Heatwole Stewart of Winchester and Alva Trumbo Wood of Harrisonburg documents the Trumbo family tree and includes original and facsimiled photographs. A research file on the West Central School and Mt. Clinton School includes early photographs, newspaper clippings, and anniversary programs related to the schools.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, document descendants of David Heatwole (1767-1842) who moved to Rockingham County, Virginia from Pennsylvania in the late-eighteenth century. The collection documents the Heatwoles of Mt. Clinton and Dale Enterprise as well as the Trumbos of Fulks Run. Materials include correspondence, financial records, account books and ledgers, personal papers, photographs, recipes, and ephemera. The collection also documents branches of the Lineweaver, Fawley, Ritchie, and Bliss families.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1891-1939, is comprised primarily of postcards, Christmas cards, and general correspondence sent to and between Heatwole family members. The correspondence is arranged primarily by recipient, but in cases where the recipient is unknown (e.g. non-specific salutations and greetings or lack of return address), the correspondence is filed by author.","Given that the bulk of this series is comprised of postcards and Christmas cards, the correspondence is generally chatty and newsy in tone. The contents often relates to family and community news and also includes sentiments of longing for correspondence in return. The postcards themselves portray local and national places of interest (and in some cases international places) as well as holiday imagery. General correspondence is more substantive and includes letters written by Leonard Heatwole to family members while he was serving in WWI.","Daniel F. Heatwole correspondence includes a draft letter to the Honorable Charles Triplett O'Ferrall regarding O'Ferrall's petition to change mail arrangements and an October 5, 1908 letter from Cornelius Heatwole in which \"Corney\" alerts Daniel that \"I made my will before leaving Virginia, and in it, named you as my executor without consulting you about it.\" A letter from an unknown correspondent is included in which the author furnishes Daniel Heatwole with \"some traditional history of our beautiful valley not generally known to the present generation.\"","A folder of correspondence related to Trumbo family genealogy is located in Series 5.","Series 2: Financial Files, 1848-1951, documents the financial dealings of various members of the Heatwole and Lineweaver families. Materials include promissory notes, deeds, tax and general receipts, account books, and checkbook stubs.","The account books and ledgers primarily document David F. Lineweaver and Daniel F. Heatwole's personal and business accounts. An unattributed shoemaker's account book is also included and documents the shoes made and repaired for specific individuals. Names of customers include D. B. Armentrout, B. B. Miller, William Henkle, Tomas H. Showalter, and Jonathan Wampler. David Heatwole (1767-1842), who was the first-born son of Johann Mathias Heatwole (ancestor of the Virginia Heatwole line), learned the shoemaking trade from his uncle Christian Hess of Cootes Store. He went on to construct his own shoemaker's shop near Harrisonburg. While the aforementioned shoemaker's account book post-dates David Heatwole, it is not unlikely that one of his descendants would have also picked up the trade.","Of particular interest are three folders of Transfers of Real Estate for the Central District of Rockingham County, 1884-1909. These transfers do not document the Heatwole family explicitly so it seems likely that a member of the family, perhaps D. F. Heatwole, was acting in some official capacity to facilitate the real estate transfers. These documents describe the two parties involved in the real estate transfer and a brief description of the tract of land with a monetary valuation. D. H. Lee Martz served as the Rockingham County Clerk during this time period. Additionally, materials related to the sale of Heatwole family land adjacent to the Mt. Clinton School to the Rockingham County School Board is included.","Series 3: Personal Papers, 1838-1969, contains legal documents, ephemera, recipes, a diary, school materials related to the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, and military records primarily created and collected by select Heatwole family members.","Ella Heatwole Jacobson's papers include a large selection of play bills for dramatic on-campus productions and other ephemera from her time as a student at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg. Event invitations and a membership invitation to join the Lee Literary Society is also included. A daily schedule, program card, report card, diploma, and 1914 diary are also included. Ella's papers also contain a map and other material related to her time living in Montana.","Daniel F. Heatwole's papers are comprised of his 1893 appointment to postmaster at Sparkling Springs in Rockingham County and a published pamphlet of instructions to land assessors dated 1914.","Leonard Heatwole's papers include documents, blank postcards, and ephemera from his military service abroad during WWI. Some material is in French and German. Published material includes a  Carte Taride, No. 2  of France,  Speake French: A Book for the Soldiers ,  The Dauphiné Leave Area: A Historical and Geographical Sketch , and  The Soldiers' French Phrase Book .","A ciphering book belonging to a Mary Homan is included. The book includes examples and rules related to liquid and dry measurements and currency. Geographical terms are also defined. Homan's relationship to the Heatwoles is unclear.","Of particular interest is David F. Lineweaver's 1861 medical exemption from serving during the American Civil War.","Unattributed materials include miscellaneous ephemera, undated recipes and newspaper clippings, and an undated and handwritten constitution and by-laws of farmers.","Series 4: Photographs, 1877-1965, primarily documents the Heatwole family of Mt. Clinton and the Trumbo and Fawley families of Fulks Run. The photographs are largely black-and-white with many of the subjects' identities inscribed on the backs of the photos. A selection of real photo postcards are also contained in this series.","The Trumbo family photographs comprise the bulk of the series. They are more candid in nature and depict groups of people and landscape. Brocks Gap and Chimney Rock are prominently featured as is the John Riddle Trumbo homestead. In addition to the Trumbos and Fawleys, the Byrd, Bliss, and Ritchie families are represented in these photographs. Persons depicted include Leonard and Nora Trumbo Heatwole (with her horse Queen), Sarah Ann Fulk Trumbo, Rebecca Fawley, Wayne Fawley, Madeline Heatwole, and John Riddle Trumbo.","The Heatwole family photographs are almost exclusively portraits with a few group and candid photographs. Persons depicted include Ella Heatwole Jacobson (including a copper plate on a wood block), A. B. Heatwole Jr., and Beverly Heatwole Smith.","A small selection of photographs and photocopied photographs is contained within Series 5.","Series 5: Genealogy and Research Files, 1901-2001, is comprised primarily of genealogical materials related to the Heatwoles as well as the Trumbos and Lineweavers. Correspondence between Madeline Heatwole Stewart of Winchester and Alva Trumbo Wood of Harrisonburg documents the Trumbo family tree and includes original and facsimiled photographs. A research file on the West Central School and Mt. Clinton School includes early photographs, newspaper clippings, and anniversary programs related to the schools."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA copy of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCatalogue of the Officers and Students of West Central Academy, Mt. Clinton, Virginia. Eleventh Session, 1901-1902. With Announcements for 1902-3\u003c/emph\u003e. (1902); \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCircular of Instructions to Assessors and Assistant Assessors of Land\u003c/emph\u003e (1914); several ladies' magazines (1842-1858), and two issues of local newspapers (\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHarrisonburg Daily News\u003c/emph\u003e and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Rockingham Register\u003c/emph\u003e) have been removed from the collection and catalogued separately as part of Special Collections rare book collection. A large collection of published books, primarily juvenile literature and educational primers, have also been cataloged separately and added to the Special Collections rare book collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["A copy of the  Catalogue of the Officers and Students of West Central Academy, Mt. Clinton, Virginia. Eleventh Session, 1901-1902. With Announcements for 1902-3 . (1902);  Circular of Instructions to Assessors and Assistant Assessors of Land  (1914); several ladies' magazines (1842-1858), and two issues of local newspapers ( Harrisonburg Daily News  and  The Rockingham Register ) have been removed from the collection and catalogued separately as part of Special Collections rare book collection. A large collection of published books, primarily juvenile literature and educational primers, have also been cataloged separately and added to the Special Collections rare book collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_84cb829f6d925ab2484bbc3c53aa9b80\"\u003eThe Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, document descendants of David Heatwole (1767-1842). The collection documents the Virginia Heatwoles, specifically those of Mt. Clinton and Dale Enterprise, as well as the Trumbos of Fulks Run. Materials include correspondence, financial records, personal papers, photographs, and ephemera.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, document descendants of David Heatwole (1767-1842). The collection documents the Virginia Heatwoles, specifically those of Mt. Clinton and Dale Enterprise, as well as the Trumbos of Fulks Run. Materials include correspondence, financial records, personal papers, photographs, and ephemera."],"names_coll_ssim":["State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.)","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","Lee Literary Society","Trumbo family","Heatwole family -- Correspondence","Stewart, Donald W.","Heatwole, David, 1767-1842"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.)","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","Lee Literary Society","Heatwole family","Trumbo family","Heatwole family -- Correspondence","Stewart, Donald W.","Heatwole, David, 1767-1842"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.)","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","Lee Literary Society"],"famname_ssim":["Heatwole family","Trumbo family","Heatwole family -- Correspondence"],"persname_ssim":["Stewart, Donald W.","Heatwole, David, 1767-1842"],"language_ssim":["English, French, German"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":73,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:24:36.195Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_431"}},{"id":"vilxw_repositories_4_resources_955","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Josephine R. Powell Papers","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_4_resources_955#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxw_repositories_4_resources_955","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_4_resources_955","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_4_resources_955","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_4_resources_955","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_4_resources_955.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://search.vaheritage.org/vivaxtf/view?docId=wl-law/vilxwl00012.xml;query=;brand=default","title_ssm":["Josephine R. Powell Papers"],"title_tesim":["Josephine R. Powell Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1882-1998","1950-1990"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1950-1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1882-1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["LAW.MSS.014","/repositories/4/resources/955"],"text":["LAW.MSS.014","/repositories/4/resources/955","Josephine R. Powell Papers","Postcards -- Collectors and collecting","Women -- Correspondence","Christmas cards","Lewis F. Powell Jr. Archives","Powell, Lewis F.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["LAW.MSS.014","/repositories/4/resources/955"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Josephine R. Powell Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Josephine R. Powell Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Josephine R. Powell Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Postcards -- Collectors and collecting","Women -- Correspondence","Christmas cards"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Postcards -- Collectors and collecting","Women -- Correspondence","Christmas cards"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13 boxes Linear Feet 8 standard-sized document boxes\n3 Hollinger boxes\n2 postcard boxes"],"extent_tesim":["13 boxes Linear Feet 8 standard-sized document boxes\n3 Hollinger boxes\n2 postcard boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"names_ssim":["Lewis F. Powell Jr. Archives","Powell, Lewis F."],"corpname_ssim":["Lewis F. Powell Jr. Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Powell, Lewis F."],"persname_ssim":["Powell, Lewis F."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T21:48:31.080Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_4_resources_955","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_4_resources_955","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_4_resources_955","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_4_resources_955","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_4_resources_955.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://search.vaheritage.org/vivaxtf/view?docId=wl-law/vilxwl00012.xml;query=;brand=default","title_ssm":["Josephine R. Powell Papers"],"title_tesim":["Josephine R. Powell Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1882-1998","1950-1990"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1950-1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1882-1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["LAW.MSS.014","/repositories/4/resources/955"],"text":["LAW.MSS.014","/repositories/4/resources/955","Josephine R. Powell Papers","Postcards -- Collectors and collecting","Women -- Correspondence","Christmas cards","Lewis F. Powell Jr. Archives","Powell, Lewis F.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["LAW.MSS.014","/repositories/4/resources/955"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Josephine R. Powell Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Josephine R. Powell Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Josephine R. Powell Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Postcards -- Collectors and collecting","Women -- Correspondence","Christmas cards"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Postcards -- Collectors and collecting","Women -- Correspondence","Christmas cards"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13 boxes Linear Feet 8 standard-sized document boxes\n3 Hollinger boxes\n2 postcard boxes"],"extent_tesim":["13 boxes Linear Feet 8 standard-sized document boxes\n3 Hollinger boxes\n2 postcard boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"names_ssim":["Lewis F. Powell Jr. Archives","Powell, Lewis F."],"corpname_ssim":["Lewis F. Powell Jr. Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Powell, Lewis F."],"persname_ssim":["Powell, Lewis F."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T21:48:31.080Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_4_resources_955"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2502#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe racial and ethnic ephemera collection contains various materials regarding race, ethnicity, and racism in the United States. The collection includes papers and items that promote racial prejudice and propaganda. The collection also contains items and papers that exemplify the fight for civil and equal rights. African Americans are the most broadly represented group in the collection. Other ethnic groups include Native Americans, Asian Americans, Jewish Americans, Muslim Americans, and Cuban Americans. Ku Klux Klan pamphlets and anti-immigration publications are also included. Through this collection, the American struggle of racism and prejudice is realized.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2502#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_2502.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection ","title_ssm":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"title_tesim":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1778-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1778-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss 1.05","/repositories/2/resources/2502"],"text":["Mss 1.05","/repositories/2/resources/2502","Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection","African Americans","African Americans in popular culture","African Americans in the performing arts","African Americans--Biography","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","African Americans--Education--Virginia","African Americans--History","African Americans--Suffrage","Antisemitism","Blaxploitation films -- United States","Chinese Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Chinese Americans--Legal status, laws, etc.--History","Communism--United States","Cuban Americans--Public opinion.","Indians of North America","Kwanzaa","Political cartoons","Race awareness--Simulation methods","Race discrimination--Simulation methods","Race relations--1960-1970","Race relations--United States--History--19th century","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Role playing","Welfare recipients--Public opinion","Welfare--Caricatures and cartoons","World War, 1939-1945--United States","Advertising cards","Birthday cards","Board games (activities)","Board games (game sets)","Calendars","Card games (game sets)","Christmas cards","Collecting cards","Comic strips","Fliers (printed matter)","Greeting cards","Plays (document genre)","Postcards","Reprints","Satires (document genre)","Sheet music","Songbooks","Stereoscopic photographs","VHS (TM)","Yearbooks","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Additions are being made to this collection on an ongoing basis.","The collection is divided into eight series by race and/or ethnicity. The series are African American, Native American, Asian American, Jewish American, Muslim American, Cuban American, Ku Klux Klan, and Immigration and Discrimination. The contents for each series are  grouped by material type and ordered chronologically.","Acc. 2011.633, Acc. 2011.635, Acc. 2011.637 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in October 2011. Full finding aid created in March 2015 and revised in December 2017 by Special Collections staff.","Acc. 2014.194","Ingersol View Company Stereographs, Comic Series #2","Related materials, such as rare books, are recorded at the folder level. ","See also: individual titles in the Manuscript Sheet Music Collection (Mss. 1.07), Box 48, and individual items in the Manuscript Artifact Collection.","For similar material relating to race, ethnicity, and racism outside of the United States, see the Ephemera Collection, Mss. 1.02.","Foreign publications: Rund Um Afrika, a booklet written in German by Gustav Petermann. The content details travels from Germany throughout Africa, visiting sites such as Kruger National Park, Victoria Falls, and Fort Christiansburg. The booklet contains many photographs and animals, buildings, and people. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book DT12.R86 3487058-1001.  Acc.2012.207.","Three Dension's Blackface Plays. Three different play scripts to be performed by white actors wearing black face. The plays highlight the perceived stupidity and ignorance of African Americans. These items are cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6120.N4.K37.1923, PN6120.N4.K37.1928, and PN6120.N4.K37.1931. Acc.2009.335. ","A henpecked coon: darky monologue, 1923. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6120.N4.K37 1923. ","Old Doc Gags \"Funster\". Number Two: A collection of fun, fables, foolishness, farce, and fibs, 1925. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6161.O48 1925. ","Songs and Spirituals of Negro Composition for Revivals and Congregational Singing. This item is a pamphlet of sheet music. The pamphlet also includes advertisements for home goods. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1670.S66. Acc.2009.324. ","We shall overcome! Songs of the Southern freedom movement, 1963. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1629.C2.W4. ","How can we keep from singing! A contemporary songbook for liberal churches, fellowships, youth groups, and communal singing generally, 1976. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1629.H54.1976.","Songs and spirituals of Negro composition for revivals and congregational singing, 1921. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1670.S66.","Modern Home Counseler. This book includes lessons, advice, and instructions on how to raise successful, happy, and obedient children. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books H83.M63. Acc. 2009.356. ","American Travelers Guide to Negro Monuments. This book details attractions around the United States that celebrate African Americans and their history. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books E185.53A53. Acc.2009.459. ","The South Strikes Back, 1957. This booklet was written by Woodrow Boone and promotes the return of a more racially conservative society. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Book PN6231.S485S68. Acc.2012.276.","The Afro-American Historical Calendar, 1979. The calendar features famous African American musicians, officers, and performers. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Book E185.A38. Acc.2009.389. ","Negroes in Our History Posters, undated. This collection of posters has a large sketch of famous African American musicians, politicians, and activists. The posters have a brief biographical sketch of each of the celebrated hero. The posters are  cataloged as Rare Book E185.96.R78 folio. Acc.2008.163. ","The People Versus Segregated Schools. This 1955 pamphlet promotes integration, anti-lynching laws, and equal pay for black and white workers. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.W54 1955. Acc.2011.268. ","3 Lives for Mississippi. This 1965 book is the story of Mickey Schwerner, James Chaney and Andy Goodman, three men who were killed in Philadelphia, Mississippi by the Klu Klux Klan, while fighting racial justice and the rights of African American voters. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book F347.N4H8. Acc.2011.468. ","Songs of the Southern Freedom Movement. A 1965 songbook promoting freedom, racial tolerance, and heritage. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book M1629.H54 1976. Acc.2009.315. ","How Can We Keep From Singing Songbook. This 1965 book entitled \"We Shall Overcome!\" was compiled by Guy and Candie Carawan for the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee. The book contains songs relating to sit-ins, freedom rides, voter registration and other contentious issues. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book M1629.H54.1976. Acc.2011.469. ","\"And People All Around\" Playbill. An undated playbill for a performance written by George Sklar. The play reminds viewers on the Negro Revolution in 1964, the killings of three negro boys in Mississippi, and the civil rights march on Washington. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book PS3531.E826A52. Acc.2011.268. ","The Communist Position on the Negro Question. This booklet contains excerpts from the major speeches in discussion of the \"Negro question\" at the plenary meeting of the National Committee of the Communist Party. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.C752 1947. Acc.2011.467. ","The Path of Negro Liberation. Pamphlet written by Benjamin J. Davis, who argues that the Communist Party of the United States believe in the unconditional political, social, and economic equality in all aspects of American life.  This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.D314 1947. Acc.2011.468. ","The Struggle Against White Chauvinism. Booklet written by Elizabeth Lawson and published by the New York State Education Department of the Communist Party. The booklet defines chauvinism and its effect on race and gender relations within the United States. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E.185.61.2376 1949. Acc.2011.467. ","Next Steps in the Struggle for Negro Freedom. This booklet, written by Hugh Bradley, was a report delivered at the National Conference of the Communist Party. Bradley discussed black military involvement, fair employment, and the corruption of the American government. This item is  cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.B785 1953. Acc.2011.468. ","The Negro People on the March. This booklet, written by Benjamin J. Davis, was a report to the National Committee of the Communist Party.  Davis states that the fight for \"Negro\" freedom is at its height and that the black race must be given economic and political equality.  This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.6.D38 1956. Acc.2011.467. ","\"Why Join,\" The John Birch Society. This pamphlet promotes and describes the John Birch Society. The Society believes in small government and writes that most of the historic happenings within the Civil Rights Movement were Communist conspiracies. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E740.J6W45.1968. Acc.2011.467. ","Busing and the Democratic Struggle in Boston. This booklet was published by the Proletarian Unity League, a Communist organization dedicated to creating a strong Communist Party. They believe that white opportunism in the fundamental threat to the construction of a Revolutionary party. The booklet mostly focuses on the integration of public transportation. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book LC214.53.B67P76 1975. Acc.2011.467. Acc.2011.467. ","Freedom is Everybody's Job: \" The Crime of the Government Against the Negro People, 1949. This pamphlet, written by George W. Crockett, Jr., was a summation in the trail of the 11 Communist leaders.  The pamphlet argues that the Communist Party has the right to free speech and therefore cannot be outlawed.  Crockett argues that the Communist support for Civil Rights is a reason why the Communist Party is ridiculed. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HX87.C7.1949b. ","The CIO and the Negro Worker, 1942. This pamphlet argues against discrimination in the workplace.  The CIO fights for equal employment of all people, races, and religions. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.8.C56 1942. Acc.2011.467. ","\"Out of the Jungle\", 1943. The Packinghouse Workers Fight for Justice and Equality. This book is a pictorial history of the Packinghouse Workers Union, which fought for racial justice, fair pay, and equality in the meat packing industry. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HD6515.P14073. Acc.2011.268","Roll the Union On, 1987. This book is a pictorial history of the Southern Tenant Farmers' Union, told by its co-founder H.L. Mitchell. The Union fought for the end of lynching, a safe workplace, and equal rights for African American and white workers. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HD1511.U5M573 1987. Acc.2011.467","Blaxploitation Cinema Pressbooks and Posters, 1968-1976. Currently unprocessed material. 2014.194 and oversize material.","Indian Legends, 1994. This book includes old Native American stories and tales. Each story is also illustrated in black and white or color. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E98.F6I33.","\"The Klan Today\". This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Books HS2330.K63.K58","The Aryan Views: White Folk News. \"The Attitude of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan\" pamphlets. This item is catalogued in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as HS2330.K6.A13. ","\"The Kourier,\" a booklet of the Klan's version of the History of the United States and the Klan's opinions on \"un-American\" activities such as communism and parochial schools, and the Aryan Views and White Folk News Paper, also promoting racial intolerance. This item is catalogued in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as HS2330.K6.K69 v.11 no. 8, July 1935 copy.","Old Doc Gags, \"Funster\" Number Two:: A Collection of Fun, Fables, Foolishness, Farce and Fibs. Copyright 1925 by Charles H. Ubert. The joke book includes anti-immigration and anti-Semitic content. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book PN616.O48 1925.","The racial and ethnic ephemera collection contains various materials regarding race, ethnicity, and racism in the United States. The collection includes papers and items that promote racial prejudice and propaganda. The collection also contains items and papers that exemplify the fight for civil and equal rights. African Americans are the most broadly represented group in the collection. Other ethnic groups include Native Americans, Asian Americans, Jewish Americans, Muslim Americans, and Cuban Americans. Ku Klux Klan pamphlets and anti-immigration publications are also included. Through this collection, the American struggle of racism and prejudice is realized.","Included are published items like travel guides, joke books, song books, story books, programs and handbills, comic strips, a yearbook, election fliers, political publications, pamphlets and calendars.","This fFolder contains three envelopes: Union patriotic envelope depicting a black man picking cotton, titled \"One of the Rebels\", (Acc.2014.123), Union patriotic envelope of a slave dressed as the \"King of the South,\" (Acc. 2014.124), Union patriotic envelope with a map of the south (Acc. 2014.125).","A booklet of twenty minor dramas, extravaganzas, and farces for the amateur stage.  The plays contain stereotypical typecasting of African Americans.","A story book entitled \"The Ten Little Niggers,\" with stereotypical illustrations. The layout of the book is similar to that of \"Ten Little Indians.\"","This songbook features stereotypical illustrations of African Americans including pompous dresses and large lips.","This joke book features jokes that promote racism and a negative view of African Americans.  The jokes are also anti-immigration and misogynistic.","The scrapbook dates from the late 1800's.  The pictures in the book vary, from paintings of flowers to advertising cards for household items.  One page in the book features several stereotypical images of African Americans.  Pictures of monkeys are also placed on this page, therefore stating that they are one in the same.","Advertising trade cards that contain stereotypically racist images of African Americans. The cards are for a clothier. The folder also contains an advertisement for Jos. J. Foley, Tailor, Boston MA, which has a November 1908 calendar alongside an illustration of African American children swinging and climbing trees.","This folder contains multiple advertising cards. The items advertised include soaps, clothing, and household goods. The cards contain stereotypical images of African Americans.","This folder contains advertising cards that depict African Americans in a negative light.  Common features are large lips and flouncy outfits.  The sketches on the cards often have little to do with the product being advertised.","Stereotypical black representations on three advertising trade cards. The cards for pancake batter and clothes depict African Americans with large eyes and mouths along with other stereotypical features.","Advertising cards for a clothier.  The cards depict an African American man trying to command and then falling off a horse-drawn wagon.","Advertisement card for Old Virginia Cheroots from the American Tobacco Company.  The advertisement has a sketch of an African American man.","Advertising label for Old Black Joe's blackeyed peas, showing a black man with a white beard.","Sketch for \"The Connoisseurs\", a popular advertising image for Cream of Wheat. The painting features a black man in a chef's hat, teaching a child about the taste and health benefits of cream of wheat.","Print of the painting by Edward V. Brewer entitled \"The Connoisseurs\" for the Cream of Wheat Company. The painting features an African American man in a chef costume tasting Cream of Wheat along with an African American boy in an apron and chef hat. Oversize item.","Five cards that have negative, stereotypical images of African Americans. Images include a black woman being compared to a donkey and young men playing craps.","Set of 22 racist postcards. Features include large lips and big eyes. Images also include depictions of African Americans stealing goods. Other cards include cartooned drawings of African Americans in flouncy clothing.","Set of 42 cards with racist imagery. Images include cartooned sketches of African Americans with big eyes and over exaggerated lips. Images depict African Americans as lazy and inept. They are shown stealing chickens, eating watermelon, and improperly serving white people.","A postcard with an image of an African American boy with a large mouth, kneeling next to two watermelons","Set of eight postcards that have negative, stereotypical sketches of African Americans. Images include women with large behinds, boys eating watermelon, and men with large lips.","This folder contains five racist postcards. They contain images including boys eating watermelon and a cartooned black man stealing a chicken.","Set of three postcards and a pamphlet entitled \"Fun on the Run.\" The \"Fun on the Run\" pamphlet includes several racist and sexist caricatures.","Postcard containing an image of a cartooned black man and woman. The man has large lips and torn clothing. The woman's features are exaggerated.","This souvenir features common images of African Americans in the south, including picking cotton, eating watermelon, and playing the fiddle.","This folder contains three Happy Birthday and one Christmas card. The cards contain cartooned sketches of African Americans, with factors such as large lips and big eyes. One happy birthday card has a sketch of three black women riding in a large watermelon.","This folder contains numerous happy birthday cards featuring cartooned sketches of African American girls. The girls' features include large eyes and curly hair.","Cards that promote the seven principles of Kwanzaa.","Publications from the Jim Crow era.","This is a book of rag-time melodies, which includes advertisements, sheet music, and lyrics.","This item is the yearbook of the African American high school in Essex County, Virginia. The yearbook includes photographs, poems, and advertisements.","This travel guide of \"negro\" hotels was published by Afro-American Newspapers. The guide includes a map of the East Coast and advertisements from multiple hotels.","Two advertisements promoting performances by African American musicians and artists.","The folder contains an item promoting the Lost Cause ideology, which conveys nostalgia for the Confederacy prior to the Civil War. Confederate norms are presented in the best possible light. ","Natchez Pilgrimage Brochure, 1955 March 31, invites people to celebrate the Old South by touring Antebellum mansions in Natchez, Mississippi. The brochure contains multiple photographs and descriptions of the old Antebellum mansion. (Acc.2012.278)","This folder contains publications celebrating the accomplishments and contributions of African Americans.","The booklet describes the history and curricula of Hampton Institute, now Hampton University.","The multiple brochures feature African American jubilee singers and performers.","This brochure is for the Negro History Society of the Hampton Institute and their presentation of singer Dorothy Maynor.","This calendar features the stories of famous African American inventors, politicians, and scholars.","This flyer promotes the election of Arthur H. Vandenberg as senator of Michigan. It states that Vandenberg promises to outlaw the poll tax and favors an anti-lynching law. Vandenberg promises to support African American causes if elected.","These comic strips  promote racial tolerance. One comic entitled \"Stand Up For Sportsmanship,\" features Batman stopping a fight between two boys, one white and one black. When Batman asks what happened, he discovers they're fighting because the white boy doesn't want the black boy to play with them because \"he don't belong, he ain't a real American.\" Batman responds with a lesson about racial tolerance, saying \"don't believe the crackpot lies about people who worship differently, or whose skin is of a different color, or whose parents come from another country... a nation divided by prejudice is like a football team without teamwork.\" The next one, featuring Batman, teaches the reader that a country divided by racial prejudice is the same as a football team without teamwork. The next comic encourages a baseball team to be accepting of players of different ethnicity. The last comic, featuring superman, promotes both racial and religious tolerance.","Reprint of an article from the American Legion magazine concerns the buying of Negro votes.","This folder includes a pamphlet published by the Independent Socialist Club promoting the black power movement.","This pamphlet entitled \"Here's Proof of the Red Pro-Negro Plot Against South \u0026 USA.\" argues that communist are trying to stir up trouble between white and black races, promoting racial mixing, and eventually want to control America. Pamphlet includes a map of the south, which it states Communist want to turn into a Negro Communist Soviet.","This flyier shows a picture of Martin Luther King, Jr. and other Civil Rights leaders at a supposed Communist training school. The flier states that these leaders have brought tension, disturbance, and violence while trying to promote these Communist ideals.","This booklet was published by Robert Welch. He argues that the \"negro\" population is much better off than populations around the globe. He also states that the population has made great strides in the last hundred years. Welch believes that the Communists are trying to turn black people against white people in America.","This pamphlet was printed by the Communist Party of Cleveland.  The pamphlet states that black and white people work side and side, and therefore black and white children should be able to learn and live with each other.","A pamphlet from the Communist Party of California.","An editorial from the Monroe, La. Morning World, concerns the author's fears that the United Nations is secretly a Communist plot.","A flyer created by the Bay Area Revoluntionary Union concerning streets that are still occupied by the National Guard.","A pamphlet subtitled \"a voice and vote for every member in the UAW-CIO regardless of race, color or creed.\" The pamphlet states that whites and \"negroes\" are all members of the same family and should be employed to the same end. The UAW-CIO promotes the hiring of \"negroes\" in all fields.","A Labor Education Fund pamphlet.","This pamphlet by Angelo Herndon describes the hardship of working in a southern mining town. Herndon describes how he fought the system and promoted fair pay to working class citizens.","The themes of these games range from satirizing to celebrating the progress and intellect of African Americans.","52 playing cards from the game \"In Dixie-Land\". Copyrighted 1896, L.D. Baldwin, by The Fireside Game Co.  The instructions are missing.","This folder contains a set of playing cards.  The cards have a sketch and a brief biological summary of influential African American inventors, politicians, musicians, and activists. Rules for the game are included.","This board game is a racially based Monopoly style game. White players are allowed to buy properties throughout the board while black players are restricted to center areas. The game exemplifies the difficulties of living in a racially segregated housing market. The game is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.B5 1970.","The game, which portrays public welfare and its recipients in a negative light, caused immediate controversy upon its publication. It was also perceived as racist and sexist and government agencies appealed to retailers to pull it off the shelves.","This game is a quiz and trivia style game. The game tests players' knowledge of black athletes, musicians, and activists. The game is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.96.F67 1988","This board game tests players' knowledge of African American achievement in history, patents, inventions, sports, and entertainment. There is also a category of questions titled black awareness. Players answer questions to move along on a board, through the struggles of slavery and Jim Crow, eventually arriving back in Africa.","This game is a game of dice where players role to turn over face cards number one through twelve. The cards and box feature racist imagery, including African Americans with bulging eyes and huge lips.","This board game is a trivia style game which tests players' knowledge of African American history. Players answer questions to receive an associates, bachelors, masters, and doctorate in black studies. The word \"funda\" comes from an African language and means to instruct.","Five various cards and Valentine's featuring caricatures of African Americans.  Most of the cards depict the individuals with over exaggerated features and stereotypes, such as one card showing an African American eating watermelon.","20 caricature and three photograph postcards of African Americans.  Most of the caricature postcards feature stereotypical cartoons and captions of African Americans.  The photographs show African Americans tilling in cotton fields and posing outside dilapidated homes.","Three stereoviews showing African Americans picking cotton in Georgia and Mississippi cotton fields and sugar cane in Peurto Rico. The views were produced by Underwood and Underwood, and the Keystone Viewing Company.","This box contains VHS tapes that are notable for the original video cases. Most of the movies are from the Blaxploitation genre, a controversial film movement. Blaxploitation films contained many common stereotypes. The black community is often portrayed as violent and drug related. However, some people believed the films were examples of black expression and power.","This film features a young man who accidently kills his brother and then becomes a preacher to seek amends.","This fFilm features gang life in Harlem, New York.","The film features two men who work in Harlem. They get sent on a wild goose chase looking for money hidden in a barrel of cotton.","The film features a Harlem private eye hired to save teenagers kidnapped by the Mafia.","This film features a Harlem drug-dealer who wants to make one last sell before quitting the cocaine business.","The film features Cleopatra Jones, drug traffickers' deadliest enemy.","The film takes Bruce Lee to the island fortress of a criminal warlord, whom Bruce Lee must overcome.","This film features Dracula's bloodbrother, Blacula.","The film features black CIA recruits from Chicago who become freedom fighters after their military training.","The fFilm features Pop Boyd, a martial arts champion who opens a studio on land that the Mafia wants to use as a headquarters.","This fFilm features two ex-Vietnam soldiers who pursue the elite drug dealing industries.","This film features a young black man who seeks revenge when he is arrested on false charges.","The f Film features black drug dealers, mobsters, and undercover cops.","In this sequel to Dolemite, Rudy Ray Moore flees to California, where he helps Queen Bee and her Kung-Fu girls battle a local gangster.","The film features a morally bankrupt man who can save his own life only if he marries the devil's ugly daughter.","The film features a man who owns a disco and declares war on the producers of Angel Dust, a drug corrupting his nephew.","This film features a man who seeks revenge on his girlfriend's killer.","This fFilm features a Detroit police sergeant who is pitted against brutal thugs.","The film features friends who are hiding from the mob and hunting a gangster boss, who rigged a karate tournament.","The fFilm features a man, just recently released from prison, who uses brains and muscles to survive in the city.","The fFilm features the Black Dragon, who teams up with kung fu dynamo Dragon Lee as they take on the Korean and Japanese mafias.","The film features a man named Blade, who is the last hope for humanity, when a bloodthirsty lord declares war on the human race.","The fFilm features a vampire slayer who fights to save humanity.","The fFilm features a gang who goes from rags to riches, and then fights a knife-wielding, car stealing leprechaun.","This film is the third in a trilogy. It features a vampire hunter who must join forces with a clan of other hunters to find and defeat Dracula.","The Great Cataract or Waterfall of Niagara in North America, This folder contains a copperplate engraving of Niagara Falls on paper. The image depicts a group of Native Americans showing Europeans the beauty of the falls. In the background, there are several Native Americans hauling large stones.","Powhatan Applesauce Label. \nThis folder contains an advertising label for apple sauce named after the famed Native American chiefdom, the Powhatan. The advertisement includes a sketch of a Native American with a colorful head band and feather in his hair.","Iron King Cook Calendar. \nThis calendar features a scene in which white settlers shot Native Americans while hiding behind a large iron king stove.","Set of 12 postcards that feature oil paintings of Native American imagery. The cards depict a variety of different scenes, including an Indian camp, a hunted buffalo, a tepee, and an Indian carrying an American flag after Custer's Last Stand. The postcards have a short description of each portrayed scene.","Set of 28 postcards featuring images of Native Americans. The postcards represent tribes from all over the country, from the Iroquois to the Hopi. Common images are war dances and dwellings such as tepees and long houses. Many of the postcards have short descriptions of the scenes on the back.","Set of 90 postcards that portray Indian life in the south western United States. Images include  young girls and boys, Indians in traditional tribal outfits, mountains, canyons, and pueblo houses.","This folder includes a souvenir folder that contains a description and multiple illustrations of Indian chiefs.  The chiefs depicted are all from Western tribes, including the Pueblos, Navajos, Apache, Sioux, and Blackfoot.  The description states that the Pueblos are the most civilized of the nations.  The illustrations include portraits of the leaders as well as scenes of the leaders in the picturesque mountains of the west.","This folder includes a souvenir folder that describes and illustrates southwestern Native American life.  The author notes that native life is \"primitive\" with little industry and machinery.  The images contain various scenes, including a mother and child standing next to cactus brush, people gathered around a tepee, a pueblo village, and men creating wampum beads.  Also depicted are images of natives performing a variety of crafts and chores.","Set of trading cards that contain negative imagery of Native Americans.  Images include Native Americans being stabbed by white settler, a Native American man drinking too much, and misrepresentations of traditional Indian outfits.","The trading cards depict imagery of Native Americans, including totem poles, war dances, and stockades.  The cards have images on one side, and a short description of the scene on the other.","Oversized trading that that have photographs and drawing of various Native American leaders.  The cards have the image on one side, and a short biography of the leader on the other.  This trading cards are housed separately due to their large size.","The trading cards have photographs and drawings of various Native American leaders. The cards have the image on one side, and a short biography of the leader on the other.","This set of 90 cards have images on one side of famous Native American leaders and of famous battles fought by various native tribes.  The backside has a short, skewed description of historical events.","This folder contains a box of bridge tally cards.  The cards have sketches of Native American people and scenery, along with the names and locations of different tribes.","The Wild West Gum cards contains 22 cards depicting colorized illustrations of Native Americans. The collection was part of a set of 24 cards manufactured by John H. Dockman and Son in the early twentieth century.","The Paragon Beef trading cards include negative images of Chinese men with long braids and stereotypical straw hats.","Series of advertising cards that promote the Chinese immigrant population in a negative way. Advertisers include Celluloid Corset Clasps, Kendall Manufacturing Company Soaps and Soapine, Henderson's Goods, and Gent's Furnishings and Fancy Goods Houses. The images depict Chinese men with long hair embarking on ships and men with over exaggerated eye features. The images often have little to do with the product being advertised.","Series of cards that depict a scene between two white boys and a Chinese man. The children pull the man's braid, snap it off, and project the Chinese man from his perch, thus solving the \"Chinese problem\". Another card shows Chinese men being bitten by a dog.","Set of cards that depict Asian Americans in negative ways.  Images include men embarking on a boat for China, a sketch of Mun Wong, and a Chinese child holding an umbrella.","This Fourth of July postcard displays racist imagery towards Asian Americans. The card portrays an Asian woman running away from a fire cracker.","This comic strip includes stereotypical images of a Chinese man who entrapped his long braid in a rail road track.","This game includes a small box of sticks. Each player is to shake the box and the first stick that pops out is the one chosen.  Each stick has a number, and the numbers correspond to a booklet that contains fortunes.","Series of two sided trading cards. One of the sides have images of aspects of Jewish life, such as lighting candles and dancing with the torah. The other sides have short bible verses and explanations of the images.","This game is an educational trivia game that features questions regarding different aspects of the Islamic Hajj. Categories include \"How to Perform Hajj,\" \"Places of Hajj,\" and \"General Questions on Hajj.\" The game is geared toward teaching children about the Muslim pilgrimage.","The postcard displays a derogatory image of a Cuban mother feeding her two small children, one of whom nurses from a goat.","Items in this folder include pamphlets instructing men on how to be good Klan members, a pamphlet regarding the Klan's attitude toward immigration, the Klan's attitude toward the Jew and other letters of propaganda.","This folder include meeting minutes from a chapter of the Klu Klux Klan in Elkton, Maryland. The folder also includes the obituary of klansmen Raymond C. Fronk.","This folder includes a pamphlet published by the Equal Rights Congress in a national effort to outlaw the Nazis and the Klu Klux Klan.  The folder also contains fliers promoting integration and racial tolerance.","This folder includes a manuscript by an unknown author on the subject of foreign immigration into the United States of America. The author argues that foreign populations should be restricted from coming to the United States. The manuscript also discusses the various races and ethnicities that should be restricted, including the Irish, the Jewish population, Italians, and the African and Asian races. The document concludes with a list of prohibitions that the author would impose to keep the immigrant populations from entering the country.","This booklet is published by the Order United American Mechanics, a secret fraternity composed entirely of citizens born in the US.American citizens born. The booklet argues against competition for jobs with foreign-born immigrants.","Cards with images and phrases that promote racial and religious equality.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","John H. Dockman and Son.","English German"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss 1.05","/repositories/2/resources/2502"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acc. 2007.80 was purchased 8/30/2007. Acc. 2007.81 was purchased 8/30/2007. Acc. 2008.32 was purchased 5/1/2008. Acc. 2008.46 was purchased 5/16/2008.   Acc. 2008.64 was purchased 6/9/2008. Acc. 2008.94 was purchased 9/10/2008. Acc. 2008.95 was purchased 9/10/20008. Acc. 2008.159 was purchased 12/19/2008. Acc. 2009.063 was purchased on 2/24/2009. Acc. 2009.036 was purchased on 1/19/2009. Acc. 2009.147 was purchased on 4/6/2009. Acc. 2009.151 was purchased on 3/30/2009. Acc. 2009.180 was purchased on 4/29/2009. Acc. 2009.181 was purchased on 4/29/2009. Acc. 2009.226 was purchased on 5/25/2009. Acc. 2009.235 was purchased on 5/31/2009. Acc. 2009.305 was purchased on 7/17/2009. Acquisition information for material received after 7/13/2009 is available by consulting a Special Collections Research Center staff member. Acc. 2014.123-Acc. 2014.125 purchased for Swem Library with support from the SCRC Donors Fund."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans","African Americans in popular culture","African Americans in the performing arts","African Americans--Biography","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","African Americans--Education--Virginia","African Americans--History","African Americans--Suffrage","Antisemitism","Blaxploitation films -- United States","Chinese Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Chinese Americans--Legal status, laws, etc.--History","Communism--United States","Cuban Americans--Public opinion.","Indians of North America","Kwanzaa","Political cartoons","Race awareness--Simulation methods","Race discrimination--Simulation methods","Race relations--1960-1970","Race relations--United States--History--19th century","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Role playing","Welfare recipients--Public opinion","Welfare--Caricatures and cartoons","World War, 1939-1945--United States","Advertising cards","Birthday cards","Board games (activities)","Board games (game sets)","Calendars","Card games (game sets)","Christmas cards","Collecting cards","Comic strips","Fliers (printed matter)","Greeting cards","Plays (document genre)","Postcards","Reprints","Satires (document genre)","Sheet music","Songbooks","Stereoscopic photographs","VHS (TM)","Yearbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans","African Americans in popular culture","African Americans in the performing arts","African Americans--Biography","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","African Americans--Education--Virginia","African Americans--History","African Americans--Suffrage","Antisemitism","Blaxploitation films -- United States","Chinese Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Chinese Americans--Legal status, laws, etc.--History","Communism--United States","Cuban Americans--Public opinion.","Indians of North America","Kwanzaa","Political cartoons","Race awareness--Simulation methods","Race discrimination--Simulation methods","Race relations--1960-1970","Race relations--United States--History--19th century","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Role playing","Welfare recipients--Public opinion","Welfare--Caricatures and cartoons","World War, 1939-1945--United States","Advertising cards","Birthday cards","Board games (activities)","Board games (game sets)","Calendars","Card games (game sets)","Christmas cards","Collecting cards","Comic strips","Fliers (printed matter)","Greeting cards","Plays (document genre)","Postcards","Reprints","Satires (document genre)","Sheet music","Songbooks","Stereoscopic photographs","VHS (TM)","Yearbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["4 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Advertising cards","Birthday cards","Board games (activities)","Board games (game sets)","Calendars","Card games (game sets)","Christmas cards","Collecting cards","Comic strips","Fliers (printed matter)","Greeting cards","Plays (document genre)","Postcards","Reprints","Satires (document genre)","Sheet music","Songbooks","Stereoscopic photographs","VHS (TM)","Yearbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditions are being made to this collection on an ongoing basis.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals:"],"accruals_tesim":["Additions are being made to this collection on an ongoing basis."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into eight series by race and/or ethnicity. The series are African American, Native American, Asian American, Jewish American, Muslim American, Cuban American, Ku Klux Klan, and Immigration and Discrimination. The contents for each series are  grouped by material type and ordered chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into eight series by race and/or ethnicity. The series are African American, Native American, Asian American, Jewish American, Muslim American, Cuban American, Ku Klux Klan, and Immigration and Discrimination. The contents for each series are  grouped by material type and ordered chronologically."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRacial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAcc. 2011.633, Acc. 2011.635, Acc. 2011.637 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in October 2011. Full finding aid created in March 2015 and revised in December 2017 by Special Collections staff.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcc. 2014.194\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:","Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Acc. 2011.633, Acc. 2011.635, Acc. 2011.637 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in October 2011. Full finding aid created in March 2015 and revised in December 2017 by Special Collections staff.","Acc. 2014.194"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIngersol View Company Stereographs, Comic Series #2\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRelated materials, such as rare books, are recorded at the folder level. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee also: individual titles in the Manuscript Sheet Music Collection (Mss. 1.07), Box 48, and individual items in the Manuscript Artifact Collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor similar material relating to race, ethnicity, and racism outside of the United States, see the Ephemera Collection, Mss. 1.02.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eForeign publications: Rund Um Afrika, a booklet written in German by Gustav Petermann. The content details travels from Germany throughout Africa, visiting sites such as Kruger National Park, Victoria Falls, and Fort Christiansburg. The booklet contains many photographs and animals, buildings, and people. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book DT12.R86 3487058-1001.  Acc.2012.207.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree Dension's Blackface Plays. Three different play scripts to be performed by white actors wearing black face. The plays highlight the perceived stupidity and ignorance of African Americans. These items are cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6120.N4.K37.1923, PN6120.N4.K37.1928, and PN6120.N4.K37.1931. Acc.2009.335. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA henpecked coon: darky monologue, 1923. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6120.N4.K37 1923. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOld Doc Gags \"Funster\". Number Two: A collection of fun, fables, foolishness, farce, and fibs, 1925. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6161.O48 1925. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSongs and Spirituals of Negro Composition for Revivals and Congregational Singing. This item is a pamphlet of sheet music. The pamphlet also includes advertisements for home goods. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1670.S66. Acc.2009.324. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe shall overcome! Songs of the Southern freedom movement, 1963. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1629.C2.W4. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHow can we keep from singing! A contemporary songbook for liberal churches, fellowships, youth groups, and communal singing generally, 1976. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1629.H54.1976.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSongs and spirituals of Negro composition for revivals and congregational singing, 1921. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1670.S66.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eModern Home Counseler. This book includes lessons, advice, and instructions on how to raise successful, happy, and obedient children. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books H83.M63. Acc. 2009.356. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAmerican Travelers Guide to Negro Monuments. This book details attractions around the United States that celebrate African Americans and their history. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books E185.53A53. Acc.2009.459. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe South Strikes Back, 1957. This booklet was written by Woodrow Boone and promotes the return of a more racially conservative society. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Book PN6231.S485S68. Acc.2012.276.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Afro-American Historical Calendar, 1979. The calendar features famous African American musicians, officers, and performers. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Book E185.A38. Acc.2009.389. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNegroes in Our History Posters, undated. This collection of posters has a large sketch of famous African American musicians, politicians, and activists. The posters have a brief biographical sketch of each of the celebrated hero. The posters are  cataloged as Rare Book E185.96.R78 folio. Acc.2008.163. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe People Versus Segregated Schools. This 1955 pamphlet promotes integration, anti-lynching laws, and equal pay for black and white workers. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.W54 1955. Acc.2011.268. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3 Lives for Mississippi. This 1965 book is the story of Mickey Schwerner, James Chaney and Andy Goodman, three men who were killed in Philadelphia, Mississippi by the Klu Klux Klan, while fighting racial justice and the rights of African American voters. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book F347.N4H8. Acc.2011.468. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSongs of the Southern Freedom Movement. A 1965 songbook promoting freedom, racial tolerance, and heritage. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book M1629.H54 1976. Acc.2009.315. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHow Can We Keep From Singing Songbook. This 1965 book entitled \"We Shall Overcome!\" was compiled by Guy and Candie Carawan for the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee. The book contains songs relating to sit-ins, freedom rides, voter registration and other contentious issues. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book M1629.H54.1976. Acc.2011.469. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"And People All Around\" Playbill. An undated playbill for a performance written by George Sklar. The play reminds viewers on the Negro Revolution in 1964, the killings of three negro boys in Mississippi, and the civil rights march on Washington. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book PS3531.E826A52. Acc.2011.268. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Communist Position on the Negro Question. This booklet contains excerpts from the major speeches in discussion of the \"Negro question\" at the plenary meeting of the National Committee of the Communist Party. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.C752 1947. Acc.2011.467. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Path of Negro Liberation. Pamphlet written by Benjamin J. Davis, who argues that the Communist Party of the United States believe in the unconditional political, social, and economic equality in all aspects of American life.  This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.D314 1947. Acc.2011.468. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Struggle Against White Chauvinism. Booklet written by Elizabeth Lawson and published by the New York State Education Department of the Communist Party. The booklet defines chauvinism and its effect on race and gender relations within the United States. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E.185.61.2376 1949. Acc.2011.467. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNext Steps in the Struggle for Negro Freedom. This booklet, written by Hugh Bradley, was a report delivered at the National Conference of the Communist Party. Bradley discussed black military involvement, fair employment, and the corruption of the American government. This item is  cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.B785 1953. Acc.2011.468. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Negro People on the March. This booklet, written by Benjamin J. Davis, was a report to the National Committee of the Communist Party.  Davis states that the fight for \"Negro\" freedom is at its height and that the black race must be given economic and political equality.  This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.6.D38 1956. Acc.2011.467. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Why Join,\" The John Birch Society. This pamphlet promotes and describes the John Birch Society. The Society believes in small government and writes that most of the historic happenings within the Civil Rights Movement were Communist conspiracies. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E740.J6W45.1968. Acc.2011.467. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBusing and the Democratic Struggle in Boston. This booklet was published by the Proletarian Unity League, a Communist organization dedicated to creating a strong Communist Party. They believe that white opportunism in the fundamental threat to the construction of a Revolutionary party. The booklet mostly focuses on the integration of public transportation. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book LC214.53.B67P76 1975. Acc.2011.467. Acc.2011.467. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFreedom is Everybody's Job: \" The Crime of the Government Against the Negro People, 1949. This pamphlet, written by George W. Crockett, Jr., was a summation in the trail of the 11 Communist leaders.  The pamphlet argues that the Communist Party has the right to free speech and therefore cannot be outlawed.  Crockett argues that the Communist support for Civil Rights is a reason why the Communist Party is ridiculed. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HX87.C7.1949b. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe CIO and the Negro Worker, 1942. This pamphlet argues against discrimination in the workplace.  The CIO fights for equal employment of all people, races, and religions. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.8.C56 1942. Acc.2011.467. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Out of the Jungle\", 1943. The Packinghouse Workers Fight for Justice and Equality. This book is a pictorial history of the Packinghouse Workers Union, which fought for racial justice, fair pay, and equality in the meat packing industry. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HD6515.P14073. Acc.2011.268\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRoll the Union On, 1987. This book is a pictorial history of the Southern Tenant Farmers' Union, told by its co-founder H.L. Mitchell. The Union fought for the end of lynching, a safe workplace, and equal rights for African American and white workers. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HD1511.U5M573 1987. Acc.2011.467\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlaxploitation Cinema Pressbooks and Posters, 1968-1976. Currently unprocessed material. 2014.194 and oversize material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndian Legends, 1994. This book includes old Native American stories and tales. Each story is also illustrated in black and white or color. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E98.F6I33.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"The Klan Today\". This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Books HS2330.K63.K58\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Aryan Views: White Folk News. \"The Attitude of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan\" pamphlets. This item is catalogued in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as HS2330.K6.A13. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"The Kourier,\" a booklet of the Klan's version of the History of the United States and the Klan's opinions on \"un-American\" activities such as communism and parochial schools, and the Aryan Views and White Folk News Paper, also promoting racial intolerance. This item is catalogued in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as HS2330.K6.K69 v.11 no. 8, July 1935 copy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOld Doc Gags, \"Funster\" Number Two:: A Collection of Fun, Fables, Foolishness, Farce and Fibs. Copyright 1925 by Charles H. Ubert. The joke book includes anti-immigration and anti-Semitic content. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book PN616.O48 1925.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Ingersol View Company Stereographs, Comic Series #2","Related materials, such as rare books, are recorded at the folder level. ","See also: individual titles in the Manuscript Sheet Music Collection (Mss. 1.07), Box 48, and individual items in the Manuscript Artifact Collection.","For similar material relating to race, ethnicity, and racism outside of the United States, see the Ephemera Collection, Mss. 1.02.","Foreign publications: Rund Um Afrika, a booklet written in German by Gustav Petermann. The content details travels from Germany throughout Africa, visiting sites such as Kruger National Park, Victoria Falls, and Fort Christiansburg. The booklet contains many photographs and animals, buildings, and people. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book DT12.R86 3487058-1001.  Acc.2012.207.","Three Dension's Blackface Plays. Three different play scripts to be performed by white actors wearing black face. The plays highlight the perceived stupidity and ignorance of African Americans. These items are cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6120.N4.K37.1923, PN6120.N4.K37.1928, and PN6120.N4.K37.1931. Acc.2009.335. ","A henpecked coon: darky monologue, 1923. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6120.N4.K37 1923. ","Old Doc Gags \"Funster\". Number Two: A collection of fun, fables, foolishness, farce, and fibs, 1925. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6161.O48 1925. ","Songs and Spirituals of Negro Composition for Revivals and Congregational Singing. This item is a pamphlet of sheet music. The pamphlet also includes advertisements for home goods. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1670.S66. Acc.2009.324. ","We shall overcome! Songs of the Southern freedom movement, 1963. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1629.C2.W4. ","How can we keep from singing! A contemporary songbook for liberal churches, fellowships, youth groups, and communal singing generally, 1976. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1629.H54.1976.","Songs and spirituals of Negro composition for revivals and congregational singing, 1921. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1670.S66.","Modern Home Counseler. This book includes lessons, advice, and instructions on how to raise successful, happy, and obedient children. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books H83.M63. Acc. 2009.356. ","American Travelers Guide to Negro Monuments. This book details attractions around the United States that celebrate African Americans and their history. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books E185.53A53. Acc.2009.459. ","The South Strikes Back, 1957. This booklet was written by Woodrow Boone and promotes the return of a more racially conservative society. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Book PN6231.S485S68. Acc.2012.276.","The Afro-American Historical Calendar, 1979. The calendar features famous African American musicians, officers, and performers. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Book E185.A38. Acc.2009.389. ","Negroes in Our History Posters, undated. This collection of posters has a large sketch of famous African American musicians, politicians, and activists. The posters have a brief biographical sketch of each of the celebrated hero. The posters are  cataloged as Rare Book E185.96.R78 folio. Acc.2008.163. ","The People Versus Segregated Schools. This 1955 pamphlet promotes integration, anti-lynching laws, and equal pay for black and white workers. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.W54 1955. Acc.2011.268. ","3 Lives for Mississippi. This 1965 book is the story of Mickey Schwerner, James Chaney and Andy Goodman, three men who were killed in Philadelphia, Mississippi by the Klu Klux Klan, while fighting racial justice and the rights of African American voters. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book F347.N4H8. Acc.2011.468. ","Songs of the Southern Freedom Movement. A 1965 songbook promoting freedom, racial tolerance, and heritage. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book M1629.H54 1976. Acc.2009.315. ","How Can We Keep From Singing Songbook. This 1965 book entitled \"We Shall Overcome!\" was compiled by Guy and Candie Carawan for the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee. The book contains songs relating to sit-ins, freedom rides, voter registration and other contentious issues. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book M1629.H54.1976. Acc.2011.469. ","\"And People All Around\" Playbill. An undated playbill for a performance written by George Sklar. The play reminds viewers on the Negro Revolution in 1964, the killings of three negro boys in Mississippi, and the civil rights march on Washington. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book PS3531.E826A52. Acc.2011.268. ","The Communist Position on the Negro Question. This booklet contains excerpts from the major speeches in discussion of the \"Negro question\" at the plenary meeting of the National Committee of the Communist Party. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.C752 1947. Acc.2011.467. ","The Path of Negro Liberation. Pamphlet written by Benjamin J. Davis, who argues that the Communist Party of the United States believe in the unconditional political, social, and economic equality in all aspects of American life.  This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.D314 1947. Acc.2011.468. ","The Struggle Against White Chauvinism. Booklet written by Elizabeth Lawson and published by the New York State Education Department of the Communist Party. The booklet defines chauvinism and its effect on race and gender relations within the United States. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E.185.61.2376 1949. Acc.2011.467. ","Next Steps in the Struggle for Negro Freedom. This booklet, written by Hugh Bradley, was a report delivered at the National Conference of the Communist Party. Bradley discussed black military involvement, fair employment, and the corruption of the American government. This item is  cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.B785 1953. Acc.2011.468. ","The Negro People on the March. This booklet, written by Benjamin J. Davis, was a report to the National Committee of the Communist Party.  Davis states that the fight for \"Negro\" freedom is at its height and that the black race must be given economic and political equality.  This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.6.D38 1956. Acc.2011.467. ","\"Why Join,\" The John Birch Society. This pamphlet promotes and describes the John Birch Society. The Society believes in small government and writes that most of the historic happenings within the Civil Rights Movement were Communist conspiracies. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E740.J6W45.1968. Acc.2011.467. ","Busing and the Democratic Struggle in Boston. This booklet was published by the Proletarian Unity League, a Communist organization dedicated to creating a strong Communist Party. They believe that white opportunism in the fundamental threat to the construction of a Revolutionary party. The booklet mostly focuses on the integration of public transportation. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book LC214.53.B67P76 1975. Acc.2011.467. Acc.2011.467. ","Freedom is Everybody's Job: \" The Crime of the Government Against the Negro People, 1949. This pamphlet, written by George W. Crockett, Jr., was a summation in the trail of the 11 Communist leaders.  The pamphlet argues that the Communist Party has the right to free speech and therefore cannot be outlawed.  Crockett argues that the Communist support for Civil Rights is a reason why the Communist Party is ridiculed. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HX87.C7.1949b. ","The CIO and the Negro Worker, 1942. This pamphlet argues against discrimination in the workplace.  The CIO fights for equal employment of all people, races, and religions. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.8.C56 1942. Acc.2011.467. ","\"Out of the Jungle\", 1943. The Packinghouse Workers Fight for Justice and Equality. This book is a pictorial history of the Packinghouse Workers Union, which fought for racial justice, fair pay, and equality in the meat packing industry. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HD6515.P14073. Acc.2011.268","Roll the Union On, 1987. This book is a pictorial history of the Southern Tenant Farmers' Union, told by its co-founder H.L. Mitchell. The Union fought for the end of lynching, a safe workplace, and equal rights for African American and white workers. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HD1511.U5M573 1987. Acc.2011.467","Blaxploitation Cinema Pressbooks and Posters, 1968-1976. Currently unprocessed material. 2014.194 and oversize material.","Indian Legends, 1994. This book includes old Native American stories and tales. Each story is also illustrated in black and white or color. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E98.F6I33.","\"The Klan Today\". This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Books HS2330.K63.K58","The Aryan Views: White Folk News. \"The Attitude of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan\" pamphlets. This item is catalogued in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as HS2330.K6.A13. ","\"The Kourier,\" a booklet of the Klan's version of the History of the United States and the Klan's opinions on \"un-American\" activities such as communism and parochial schools, and the Aryan Views and White Folk News Paper, also promoting racial intolerance. This item is catalogued in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as HS2330.K6.K69 v.11 no. 8, July 1935 copy.","Old Doc Gags, \"Funster\" Number Two:: A Collection of Fun, Fables, Foolishness, Farce and Fibs. Copyright 1925 by Charles H. Ubert. The joke book includes anti-immigration and anti-Semitic content. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book PN616.O48 1925."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe racial and ethnic ephemera collection contains various materials regarding race, ethnicity, and racism in the United States. The collection includes papers and items that promote racial prejudice and propaganda. The collection also contains items and papers that exemplify the fight for civil and equal rights. African Americans are the most broadly represented group in the collection. Other ethnic groups include Native Americans, Asian Americans, Jewish Americans, Muslim Americans, and Cuban Americans. Ku Klux Klan pamphlets and anti-immigration publications are also included. Through this collection, the American struggle of racism and prejudice is realized.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are published items like travel guides, joke books, song books, story books, programs and handbills, comic strips, a yearbook, election fliers, political publications, pamphlets and calendars.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis fFolder contains three envelopes: Union patriotic envelope depicting a black man picking cotton, titled \"One of the Rebels\", (Acc.2014.123), Union patriotic envelope of a slave dressed as the \"King of the South,\" (Acc. 2014.124), Union patriotic envelope with a map of the south (Acc. 2014.125).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA booklet of twenty minor dramas, extravaganzas, and farces for the amateur stage.  The plays contain stereotypical typecasting of African Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA story book entitled \"The Ten Little Niggers,\" with stereotypical illustrations. The layout of the book is similar to that of \"Ten Little Indians.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis songbook features stereotypical illustrations of African Americans including pompous dresses and large lips.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis joke book features jokes that promote racism and a negative view of African Americans.  The jokes are also anti-immigration and misogynistic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe scrapbook dates from the late 1800's.  The pictures in the book vary, from paintings of flowers to advertising cards for household items.  One page in the book features several stereotypical images of African Americans.  Pictures of monkeys are also placed on this page, therefore stating that they are one in the same.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdvertising trade cards that contain stereotypically racist images of African Americans. The cards are for a clothier. The folder also contains an advertisement for Jos. J. Foley, Tailor, Boston MA, which has a November 1908 calendar alongside an illustration of African American children swinging and climbing trees.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains multiple advertising cards. The items advertised include soaps, clothing, and household goods. The cards contain stereotypical images of African Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains advertising cards that depict African Americans in a negative light.  Common features are large lips and flouncy outfits.  The sketches on the cards often have little to do with the product being advertised.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStereotypical black representations on three advertising trade cards. The cards for pancake batter and clothes depict African Americans with large eyes and mouths along with other stereotypical features.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdvertising cards for a clothier.  The cards depict an African American man trying to command and then falling off a horse-drawn wagon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdvertisement card for Old Virginia Cheroots from the American Tobacco Company.  The advertisement has a sketch of an African American man.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdvertising label for Old Black Joe's blackeyed peas, showing a black man with a white beard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSketch for \"The Connoisseurs\", a popular advertising image for Cream of Wheat. The painting features a black man in a chef's hat, teaching a child about the taste and health benefits of cream of wheat.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrint of the painting by Edward V. Brewer entitled \"The Connoisseurs\" for the Cream of Wheat Company. The painting features an African American man in a chef costume tasting Cream of Wheat along with an African American boy in an apron and chef hat. Oversize item.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive cards that have negative, stereotypical images of African Americans. Images include a black woman being compared to a donkey and young men playing craps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of 22 racist postcards. Features include large lips and big eyes. Images also include depictions of African Americans stealing goods. Other cards include cartooned drawings of African Americans in flouncy clothing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of 42 cards with racist imagery. Images include cartooned sketches of African Americans with big eyes and over exaggerated lips. Images depict African Americans as lazy and inept. They are shown stealing chickens, eating watermelon, and improperly serving white people.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA postcard with an image of an African American boy with a large mouth, kneeling next to two watermelons\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of eight postcards that have negative, stereotypical sketches of African Americans. Images include women with large behinds, boys eating watermelon, and men with large lips.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains five racist postcards. They contain images including boys eating watermelon and a cartooned black man stealing a chicken.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of three postcards and a pamphlet entitled \"Fun on the Run.\" The \"Fun on the Run\" pamphlet includes several racist and sexist caricatures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePostcard containing an image of a cartooned black man and woman. The man has large lips and torn clothing. The woman's features are exaggerated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis souvenir features common images of African Americans in the south, including picking cotton, eating watermelon, and playing the fiddle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains three Happy Birthday and one Christmas card. The cards contain cartooned sketches of African Americans, with factors such as large lips and big eyes. One happy birthday card has a sketch of three black women riding in a large watermelon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains numerous happy birthday cards featuring cartooned sketches of African American girls. The girls' features include large eyes and curly hair.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCards that promote the seven principles of Kwanzaa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublications from the Jim Crow era.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is a book of rag-time melodies, which includes advertisements, sheet music, and lyrics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis item is the yearbook of the African American high school in Essex County, Virginia. The yearbook includes photographs, poems, and advertisements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis travel guide of \"negro\" hotels was published by Afro-American Newspapers. The guide includes a map of the East Coast and advertisements from multiple hotels.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo advertisements promoting performances by African American musicians and artists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains an item promoting the Lost Cause ideology, which conveys nostalgia for the Confederacy prior to the Civil War. Confederate norms are presented in the best possible light. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNatchez Pilgrimage Brochure, 1955 March 31, invites people to celebrate the Old South by touring Antebellum mansions in Natchez, Mississippi. The brochure contains multiple photographs and descriptions of the old Antebellum mansion. (Acc.2012.278)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains publications celebrating the accomplishments and contributions of African Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe booklet describes the history and curricula of Hampton Institute, now Hampton University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe multiple brochures feature African American jubilee singers and performers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis brochure is for the Negro History Society of the Hampton Institute and their presentation of singer Dorothy Maynor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis calendar features the stories of famous African American inventors, politicians, and scholars.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis flyer promotes the election of Arthur H. Vandenberg as senator of Michigan. It states that Vandenberg promises to outlaw the poll tax and favors an anti-lynching law. Vandenberg promises to support African American causes if elected.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese comic strips  promote racial tolerance. One comic entitled \"Stand Up For Sportsmanship,\" features Batman stopping a fight between two boys, one white and one black. When Batman asks what happened, he discovers they're fighting because the white boy doesn't want the black boy to play with them because \"he don't belong, he ain't a real American.\" Batman responds with a lesson about racial tolerance, saying \"don't believe the crackpot lies about people who worship differently, or whose skin is of a different color, or whose parents come from another country... a nation divided by prejudice is like a football team without teamwork.\" The next one, featuring Batman, teaches the reader that a country divided by racial prejudice is the same as a football team without teamwork. The next comic encourages a baseball team to be accepting of players of different ethnicity. The last comic, featuring superman, promotes both racial and religious tolerance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReprint of an article from the American Legion magazine concerns the buying of Negro votes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes a pamphlet published by the Independent Socialist Club promoting the black power movement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis pamphlet entitled \"Here's Proof of the Red Pro-Negro Plot Against South \u0026amp; USA.\" argues that communist are trying to stir up trouble between white and black races, promoting racial mixing, and eventually want to control America. Pamphlet includes a map of the south, which it states Communist want to turn into a Negro Communist Soviet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis flyier shows a picture of Martin Luther King, Jr. and other Civil Rights leaders at a supposed Communist training school. The flier states that these leaders have brought tension, disturbance, and violence while trying to promote these Communist ideals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis booklet was published by Robert Welch. He argues that the \"negro\" population is much better off than populations around the globe. He also states that the population has made great strides in the last hundred years. Welch believes that the Communists are trying to turn black people against white people in America.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis pamphlet was printed by the Communist Party of Cleveland.  The pamphlet states that black and white people work side and side, and therefore black and white children should be able to learn and live with each other.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA pamphlet from the Communist Party of California.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn editorial from the Monroe, La. Morning World, concerns the author's fears that the United Nations is secretly a Communist plot.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA flyer created by the Bay Area Revoluntionary Union concerning streets that are still occupied by the National Guard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA pamphlet subtitled \"a voice and vote for every member in the UAW-CIO regardless of race, color or creed.\" The pamphlet states that whites and \"negroes\" are all members of the same family and should be employed to the same end. The UAW-CIO promotes the hiring of \"negroes\" in all fields.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Labor Education Fund pamphlet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis pamphlet by Angelo Herndon describes the hardship of working in a southern mining town. Herndon describes how he fought the system and promoted fair pay to working class citizens.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe themes of these games range from satirizing to celebrating the progress and intellect of African Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e52 playing cards from the game \"In Dixie-Land\". Copyrighted 1896, L.D. Baldwin, by The Fireside Game Co.  The instructions are missing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains a set of playing cards.  The cards have a sketch and a brief biological summary of influential African American inventors, politicians, musicians, and activists. Rules for the game are included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis board game is a racially based Monopoly style game. White players are allowed to buy properties throughout the board while black players are restricted to center areas. The game exemplifies the difficulties of living in a racially segregated housing market. The game is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.B5 1970.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe game, which portrays public welfare and its recipients in a negative light, caused immediate controversy upon its publication. It was also perceived as racist and sexist and government agencies appealed to retailers to pull it off the shelves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis game is a quiz and trivia style game. The game tests players' knowledge of black athletes, musicians, and activists. The game is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.96.F67 1988\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis board game tests players' knowledge of African American achievement in history, patents, inventions, sports, and entertainment. There is also a category of questions titled black awareness. Players answer questions to move along on a board, through the struggles of slavery and Jim Crow, eventually arriving back in Africa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis game is a game of dice where players role to turn over face cards number one through twelve. The cards and box feature racist imagery, including African Americans with bulging eyes and huge lips.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis board game is a trivia style game which tests players' knowledge of African American history. Players answer questions to receive an associates, bachelors, masters, and doctorate in black studies. The word \"funda\" comes from an African language and means to instruct.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive various cards and Valentine's featuring caricatures of African Americans.  Most of the cards depict the individuals with over exaggerated features and stereotypes, such as one card showing an African American eating watermelon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e20 caricature and three photograph postcards of African Americans.  Most of the caricature postcards feature stereotypical cartoons and captions of African Americans.  The photographs show African Americans tilling in cotton fields and posing outside dilapidated homes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree stereoviews showing African Americans picking cotton in Georgia and Mississippi cotton fields and sugar cane in Peurto Rico. The views were produced by Underwood and Underwood, and the Keystone Viewing Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis box contains VHS tapes that are notable for the original video cases. Most of the movies are from the Blaxploitation genre, a controversial film movement. Blaxploitation films contained many common stereotypes. The black community is often portrayed as violent and drug related. However, some people believed the films were examples of black expression and power.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis film features a young man who accidently kills his brother and then becomes a preacher to seek amends.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis fFilm features gang life in Harlem, New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features two men who work in Harlem. They get sent on a wild goose chase looking for money hidden in a barrel of cotton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features a Harlem private eye hired to save teenagers kidnapped by the Mafia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis film features a Harlem drug-dealer who wants to make one last sell before quitting the cocaine business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features Cleopatra Jones, drug traffickers' deadliest enemy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film takes Bruce Lee to the island fortress of a criminal warlord, whom Bruce Lee must overcome.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis film features Dracula's bloodbrother, Blacula.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features black CIA recruits from Chicago who become freedom fighters after their military training.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fFilm features Pop Boyd, a martial arts champion who opens a studio on land that the Mafia wants to use as a headquarters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis fFilm features two ex-Vietnam soldiers who pursue the elite drug dealing industries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis film features a young black man who seeks revenge when he is arrested on false charges.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe f Film features black drug dealers, mobsters, and undercover cops.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this sequel to Dolemite, Rudy Ray Moore flees to California, where he helps Queen Bee and her Kung-Fu girls battle a local gangster.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features a morally bankrupt man who can save his own life only if he marries the devil's ugly daughter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features a man who owns a disco and declares war on the producers of Angel Dust, a drug corrupting his nephew.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis film features a man who seeks revenge on his girlfriend's killer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis fFilm features a Detroit police sergeant who is pitted against brutal thugs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features friends who are hiding from the mob and hunting a gangster boss, who rigged a karate tournament.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fFilm features a man, just recently released from prison, who uses brains and muscles to survive in the city.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fFilm features the Black Dragon, who teams up with kung fu dynamo Dragon Lee as they take on the Korean and Japanese mafias.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features a man named Blade, who is the last hope for humanity, when a bloodthirsty lord declares war on the human race.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fFilm features a vampire slayer who fights to save humanity.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fFilm features a gang who goes from rags to riches, and then fights a knife-wielding, car stealing leprechaun.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis film is the third in a trilogy. It features a vampire hunter who must join forces with a clan of other hunters to find and defeat Dracula.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Great Cataract or Waterfall of Niagara in North America, This folder contains a copperplate engraving of Niagara Falls on paper. The image depicts a group of Native Americans showing Europeans the beauty of the falls. In the background, there are several Native Americans hauling large stones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePowhatan Applesauce Label. \nThis folder contains an advertising label for apple sauce named after the famed Native American chiefdom, the Powhatan. The advertisement includes a sketch of a Native American with a colorful head band and feather in his hair.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIron King Cook Calendar. \nThis calendar features a scene in which white settlers shot Native Americans while hiding behind a large iron king stove.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of 12 postcards that feature oil paintings of Native American imagery. The cards depict a variety of different scenes, including an Indian camp, a hunted buffalo, a tepee, and an Indian carrying an American flag after Custer's Last Stand. The postcards have a short description of each portrayed scene.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of 28 postcards featuring images of Native Americans. The postcards represent tribes from all over the country, from the Iroquois to the Hopi. Common images are war dances and dwellings such as tepees and long houses. Many of the postcards have short descriptions of the scenes on the back.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of 90 postcards that portray Indian life in the south western United States. Images include  young girls and boys, Indians in traditional tribal outfits, mountains, canyons, and pueblo houses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes a souvenir folder that contains a description and multiple illustrations of Indian chiefs.  The chiefs depicted are all from Western tribes, including the Pueblos, Navajos, Apache, Sioux, and Blackfoot.  The description states that the Pueblos are the most civilized of the nations.  The illustrations include portraits of the leaders as well as scenes of the leaders in the picturesque mountains of the west.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes a souvenir folder that describes and illustrates southwestern Native American life.  The author notes that native life is \"primitive\" with little industry and machinery.  The images contain various scenes, including a mother and child standing next to cactus brush, people gathered around a tepee, a pueblo village, and men creating wampum beads.  Also depicted are images of natives performing a variety of crafts and chores.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of trading cards that contain negative imagery of Native Americans.  Images include Native Americans being stabbed by white settler, a Native American man drinking too much, and misrepresentations of traditional Indian outfits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe trading cards depict imagery of Native Americans, including totem poles, war dances, and stockades.  The cards have images on one side, and a short description of the scene on the other.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversized trading that that have photographs and drawing of various Native American leaders.  The cards have the image on one side, and a short biography of the leader on the other.  This trading cards are housed separately due to their large size.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe trading cards have photographs and drawings of various Native American leaders. The cards have the image on one side, and a short biography of the leader on the other.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis set of 90 cards have images on one side of famous Native American leaders and of famous battles fought by various native tribes.  The backside has a short, skewed description of historical events.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains a box of bridge tally cards.  The cards have sketches of Native American people and scenery, along with the names and locations of different tribes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Wild West Gum cards contains 22 cards depicting colorized illustrations of Native Americans. The collection was part of a set of 24 cards manufactured by John H. Dockman and Son in the early twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Paragon Beef trading cards include negative images of Chinese men with long braids and stereotypical straw hats.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries of advertising cards that promote the Chinese immigrant population in a negative way. Advertisers include Celluloid Corset Clasps, Kendall Manufacturing Company Soaps and Soapine, Henderson's Goods, and Gent's Furnishings and Fancy Goods Houses. The images depict Chinese men with long hair embarking on ships and men with over exaggerated eye features. The images often have little to do with the product being advertised.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries of cards that depict a scene between two white boys and a Chinese man. The children pull the man's braid, snap it off, and project the Chinese man from his perch, thus solving the \"Chinese problem\". Another card shows Chinese men being bitten by a dog.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of cards that depict Asian Americans in negative ways.  Images include men embarking on a boat for China, a sketch of Mun Wong, and a Chinese child holding an umbrella.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis Fourth of July postcard displays racist imagery towards Asian Americans. The card portrays an Asian woman running away from a fire cracker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis comic strip includes stereotypical images of a Chinese man who entrapped his long braid in a rail road track.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis game includes a small box of sticks. Each player is to shake the box and the first stick that pops out is the one chosen.  Each stick has a number, and the numbers correspond to a booklet that contains fortunes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries of two sided trading cards. One of the sides have images of aspects of Jewish life, such as lighting candles and dancing with the torah. The other sides have short bible verses and explanations of the images.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis game is an educational trivia game that features questions regarding different aspects of the Islamic Hajj. Categories include \"How to Perform Hajj,\" \"Places of Hajj,\" and \"General Questions on Hajj.\" The game is geared toward teaching children about the Muslim pilgrimage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe postcard displays a derogatory image of a Cuban mother feeding her two small children, one of whom nurses from a goat.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItems in this folder include pamphlets instructing men on how to be good Klan members, a pamphlet regarding the Klan's attitude toward immigration, the Klan's attitude toward the Jew and other letters of propaganda.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder include meeting minutes from a chapter of the Klu Klux Klan in Elkton, Maryland. The folder also includes the obituary of klansmen Raymond C. Fronk.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes a pamphlet published by the Equal Rights Congress in a national effort to outlaw the Nazis and the Klu Klux Klan.  The folder also contains fliers promoting integration and racial tolerance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes a manuscript by an unknown author on the subject of foreign immigration into the United States of America. The author argues that foreign populations should be restricted from coming to the United States. The manuscript also discusses the various races and ethnicities that should be restricted, including the Irish, the Jewish population, Italians, and the African and Asian races. The document concludes with a list of prohibitions that the author would impose to keep the immigrant populations from entering the country.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis booklet is published by the Order United American Mechanics, a secret fraternity composed entirely of citizens born in the US.American citizens born. The booklet argues against competition for jobs with foreign-born immigrants.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCards with images and phrases that promote racial and religious equality.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The racial and ethnic ephemera collection contains various materials regarding race, ethnicity, and racism in the United States. The collection includes papers and items that promote racial prejudice and propaganda. The collection also contains items and papers that exemplify the fight for civil and equal rights. African Americans are the most broadly represented group in the collection. Other ethnic groups include Native Americans, Asian Americans, Jewish Americans, Muslim Americans, and Cuban Americans. Ku Klux Klan pamphlets and anti-immigration publications are also included. Through this collection, the American struggle of racism and prejudice is realized.","Included are published items like travel guides, joke books, song books, story books, programs and handbills, comic strips, a yearbook, election fliers, political publications, pamphlets and calendars.","This fFolder contains three envelopes: Union patriotic envelope depicting a black man picking cotton, titled \"One of the Rebels\", (Acc.2014.123), Union patriotic envelope of a slave dressed as the \"King of the South,\" (Acc. 2014.124), Union patriotic envelope with a map of the south (Acc. 2014.125).","A booklet of twenty minor dramas, extravaganzas, and farces for the amateur stage.  The plays contain stereotypical typecasting of African Americans.","A story book entitled \"The Ten Little Niggers,\" with stereotypical illustrations. The layout of the book is similar to that of \"Ten Little Indians.\"","This songbook features stereotypical illustrations of African Americans including pompous dresses and large lips.","This joke book features jokes that promote racism and a negative view of African Americans.  The jokes are also anti-immigration and misogynistic.","The scrapbook dates from the late 1800's.  The pictures in the book vary, from paintings of flowers to advertising cards for household items.  One page in the book features several stereotypical images of African Americans.  Pictures of monkeys are also placed on this page, therefore stating that they are one in the same.","Advertising trade cards that contain stereotypically racist images of African Americans. The cards are for a clothier. The folder also contains an advertisement for Jos. J. Foley, Tailor, Boston MA, which has a November 1908 calendar alongside an illustration of African American children swinging and climbing trees.","This folder contains multiple advertising cards. The items advertised include soaps, clothing, and household goods. The cards contain stereotypical images of African Americans.","This folder contains advertising cards that depict African Americans in a negative light.  Common features are large lips and flouncy outfits.  The sketches on the cards often have little to do with the product being advertised.","Stereotypical black representations on three advertising trade cards. The cards for pancake batter and clothes depict African Americans with large eyes and mouths along with other stereotypical features.","Advertising cards for a clothier.  The cards depict an African American man trying to command and then falling off a horse-drawn wagon.","Advertisement card for Old Virginia Cheroots from the American Tobacco Company.  The advertisement has a sketch of an African American man.","Advertising label for Old Black Joe's blackeyed peas, showing a black man with a white beard.","Sketch for \"The Connoisseurs\", a popular advertising image for Cream of Wheat. The painting features a black man in a chef's hat, teaching a child about the taste and health benefits of cream of wheat.","Print of the painting by Edward V. Brewer entitled \"The Connoisseurs\" for the Cream of Wheat Company. The painting features an African American man in a chef costume tasting Cream of Wheat along with an African American boy in an apron and chef hat. Oversize item.","Five cards that have negative, stereotypical images of African Americans. Images include a black woman being compared to a donkey and young men playing craps.","Set of 22 racist postcards. Features include large lips and big eyes. Images also include depictions of African Americans stealing goods. Other cards include cartooned drawings of African Americans in flouncy clothing.","Set of 42 cards with racist imagery. Images include cartooned sketches of African Americans with big eyes and over exaggerated lips. Images depict African Americans as lazy and inept. They are shown stealing chickens, eating watermelon, and improperly serving white people.","A postcard with an image of an African American boy with a large mouth, kneeling next to two watermelons","Set of eight postcards that have negative, stereotypical sketches of African Americans. Images include women with large behinds, boys eating watermelon, and men with large lips.","This folder contains five racist postcards. They contain images including boys eating watermelon and a cartooned black man stealing a chicken.","Set of three postcards and a pamphlet entitled \"Fun on the Run.\" The \"Fun on the Run\" pamphlet includes several racist and sexist caricatures.","Postcard containing an image of a cartooned black man and woman. The man has large lips and torn clothing. The woman's features are exaggerated.","This souvenir features common images of African Americans in the south, including picking cotton, eating watermelon, and playing the fiddle.","This folder contains three Happy Birthday and one Christmas card. The cards contain cartooned sketches of African Americans, with factors such as large lips and big eyes. One happy birthday card has a sketch of three black women riding in a large watermelon.","This folder contains numerous happy birthday cards featuring cartooned sketches of African American girls. The girls' features include large eyes and curly hair.","Cards that promote the seven principles of Kwanzaa.","Publications from the Jim Crow era.","This is a book of rag-time melodies, which includes advertisements, sheet music, and lyrics.","This item is the yearbook of the African American high school in Essex County, Virginia. The yearbook includes photographs, poems, and advertisements.","This travel guide of \"negro\" hotels was published by Afro-American Newspapers. The guide includes a map of the East Coast and advertisements from multiple hotels.","Two advertisements promoting performances by African American musicians and artists.","The folder contains an item promoting the Lost Cause ideology, which conveys nostalgia for the Confederacy prior to the Civil War. Confederate norms are presented in the best possible light. ","Natchez Pilgrimage Brochure, 1955 March 31, invites people to celebrate the Old South by touring Antebellum mansions in Natchez, Mississippi. The brochure contains multiple photographs and descriptions of the old Antebellum mansion. (Acc.2012.278)","This folder contains publications celebrating the accomplishments and contributions of African Americans.","The booklet describes the history and curricula of Hampton Institute, now Hampton University.","The multiple brochures feature African American jubilee singers and performers.","This brochure is for the Negro History Society of the Hampton Institute and their presentation of singer Dorothy Maynor.","This calendar features the stories of famous African American inventors, politicians, and scholars.","This flyer promotes the election of Arthur H. Vandenberg as senator of Michigan. It states that Vandenberg promises to outlaw the poll tax and favors an anti-lynching law. Vandenberg promises to support African American causes if elected.","These comic strips  promote racial tolerance. One comic entitled \"Stand Up For Sportsmanship,\" features Batman stopping a fight between two boys, one white and one black. When Batman asks what happened, he discovers they're fighting because the white boy doesn't want the black boy to play with them because \"he don't belong, he ain't a real American.\" Batman responds with a lesson about racial tolerance, saying \"don't believe the crackpot lies about people who worship differently, or whose skin is of a different color, or whose parents come from another country... a nation divided by prejudice is like a football team without teamwork.\" The next one, featuring Batman, teaches the reader that a country divided by racial prejudice is the same as a football team without teamwork. The next comic encourages a baseball team to be accepting of players of different ethnicity. The last comic, featuring superman, promotes both racial and religious tolerance.","Reprint of an article from the American Legion magazine concerns the buying of Negro votes.","This folder includes a pamphlet published by the Independent Socialist Club promoting the black power movement.","This pamphlet entitled \"Here's Proof of the Red Pro-Negro Plot Against South \u0026 USA.\" argues that communist are trying to stir up trouble between white and black races, promoting racial mixing, and eventually want to control America. Pamphlet includes a map of the south, which it states Communist want to turn into a Negro Communist Soviet.","This flyier shows a picture of Martin Luther King, Jr. and other Civil Rights leaders at a supposed Communist training school. The flier states that these leaders have brought tension, disturbance, and violence while trying to promote these Communist ideals.","This booklet was published by Robert Welch. He argues that the \"negro\" population is much better off than populations around the globe. He also states that the population has made great strides in the last hundred years. Welch believes that the Communists are trying to turn black people against white people in America.","This pamphlet was printed by the Communist Party of Cleveland.  The pamphlet states that black and white people work side and side, and therefore black and white children should be able to learn and live with each other.","A pamphlet from the Communist Party of California.","An editorial from the Monroe, La. Morning World, concerns the author's fears that the United Nations is secretly a Communist plot.","A flyer created by the Bay Area Revoluntionary Union concerning streets that are still occupied by the National Guard.","A pamphlet subtitled \"a voice and vote for every member in the UAW-CIO regardless of race, color or creed.\" The pamphlet states that whites and \"negroes\" are all members of the same family and should be employed to the same end. The UAW-CIO promotes the hiring of \"negroes\" in all fields.","A Labor Education Fund pamphlet.","This pamphlet by Angelo Herndon describes the hardship of working in a southern mining town. Herndon describes how he fought the system and promoted fair pay to working class citizens.","The themes of these games range from satirizing to celebrating the progress and intellect of African Americans.","52 playing cards from the game \"In Dixie-Land\". Copyrighted 1896, L.D. Baldwin, by The Fireside Game Co.  The instructions are missing.","This folder contains a set of playing cards.  The cards have a sketch and a brief biological summary of influential African American inventors, politicians, musicians, and activists. Rules for the game are included.","This board game is a racially based Monopoly style game. White players are allowed to buy properties throughout the board while black players are restricted to center areas. The game exemplifies the difficulties of living in a racially segregated housing market. The game is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.B5 1970.","The game, which portrays public welfare and its recipients in a negative light, caused immediate controversy upon its publication. It was also perceived as racist and sexist and government agencies appealed to retailers to pull it off the shelves.","This game is a quiz and trivia style game. The game tests players' knowledge of black athletes, musicians, and activists. The game is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.96.F67 1988","This board game tests players' knowledge of African American achievement in history, patents, inventions, sports, and entertainment. There is also a category of questions titled black awareness. Players answer questions to move along on a board, through the struggles of slavery and Jim Crow, eventually arriving back in Africa.","This game is a game of dice where players role to turn over face cards number one through twelve. The cards and box feature racist imagery, including African Americans with bulging eyes and huge lips.","This board game is a trivia style game which tests players' knowledge of African American history. Players answer questions to receive an associates, bachelors, masters, and doctorate in black studies. The word \"funda\" comes from an African language and means to instruct.","Five various cards and Valentine's featuring caricatures of African Americans.  Most of the cards depict the individuals with over exaggerated features and stereotypes, such as one card showing an African American eating watermelon.","20 caricature and three photograph postcards of African Americans.  Most of the caricature postcards feature stereotypical cartoons and captions of African Americans.  The photographs show African Americans tilling in cotton fields and posing outside dilapidated homes.","Three stereoviews showing African Americans picking cotton in Georgia and Mississippi cotton fields and sugar cane in Peurto Rico. The views were produced by Underwood and Underwood, and the Keystone Viewing Company.","This box contains VHS tapes that are notable for the original video cases. Most of the movies are from the Blaxploitation genre, a controversial film movement. Blaxploitation films contained many common stereotypes. The black community is often portrayed as violent and drug related. However, some people believed the films were examples of black expression and power.","This film features a young man who accidently kills his brother and then becomes a preacher to seek amends.","This fFilm features gang life in Harlem, New York.","The film features two men who work in Harlem. They get sent on a wild goose chase looking for money hidden in a barrel of cotton.","The film features a Harlem private eye hired to save teenagers kidnapped by the Mafia.","This film features a Harlem drug-dealer who wants to make one last sell before quitting the cocaine business.","The film features Cleopatra Jones, drug traffickers' deadliest enemy.","The film takes Bruce Lee to the island fortress of a criminal warlord, whom Bruce Lee must overcome.","This film features Dracula's bloodbrother, Blacula.","The film features black CIA recruits from Chicago who become freedom fighters after their military training.","The fFilm features Pop Boyd, a martial arts champion who opens a studio on land that the Mafia wants to use as a headquarters.","This fFilm features two ex-Vietnam soldiers who pursue the elite drug dealing industries.","This film features a young black man who seeks revenge when he is arrested on false charges.","The f Film features black drug dealers, mobsters, and undercover cops.","In this sequel to Dolemite, Rudy Ray Moore flees to California, where he helps Queen Bee and her Kung-Fu girls battle a local gangster.","The film features a morally bankrupt man who can save his own life only if he marries the devil's ugly daughter.","The film features a man who owns a disco and declares war on the producers of Angel Dust, a drug corrupting his nephew.","This film features a man who seeks revenge on his girlfriend's killer.","This fFilm features a Detroit police sergeant who is pitted against brutal thugs.","The film features friends who are hiding from the mob and hunting a gangster boss, who rigged a karate tournament.","The fFilm features a man, just recently released from prison, who uses brains and muscles to survive in the city.","The fFilm features the Black Dragon, who teams up with kung fu dynamo Dragon Lee as they take on the Korean and Japanese mafias.","The film features a man named Blade, who is the last hope for humanity, when a bloodthirsty lord declares war on the human race.","The fFilm features a vampire slayer who fights to save humanity.","The fFilm features a gang who goes from rags to riches, and then fights a knife-wielding, car stealing leprechaun.","This film is the third in a trilogy. It features a vampire hunter who must join forces with a clan of other hunters to find and defeat Dracula.","The Great Cataract or Waterfall of Niagara in North America, This folder contains a copperplate engraving of Niagara Falls on paper. The image depicts a group of Native Americans showing Europeans the beauty of the falls. In the background, there are several Native Americans hauling large stones.","Powhatan Applesauce Label. \nThis folder contains an advertising label for apple sauce named after the famed Native American chiefdom, the Powhatan. The advertisement includes a sketch of a Native American with a colorful head band and feather in his hair.","Iron King Cook Calendar. \nThis calendar features a scene in which white settlers shot Native Americans while hiding behind a large iron king stove.","Set of 12 postcards that feature oil paintings of Native American imagery. The cards depict a variety of different scenes, including an Indian camp, a hunted buffalo, a tepee, and an Indian carrying an American flag after Custer's Last Stand. The postcards have a short description of each portrayed scene.","Set of 28 postcards featuring images of Native Americans. The postcards represent tribes from all over the country, from the Iroquois to the Hopi. Common images are war dances and dwellings such as tepees and long houses. Many of the postcards have short descriptions of the scenes on the back.","Set of 90 postcards that portray Indian life in the south western United States. Images include  young girls and boys, Indians in traditional tribal outfits, mountains, canyons, and pueblo houses.","This folder includes a souvenir folder that contains a description and multiple illustrations of Indian chiefs.  The chiefs depicted are all from Western tribes, including the Pueblos, Navajos, Apache, Sioux, and Blackfoot.  The description states that the Pueblos are the most civilized of the nations.  The illustrations include portraits of the leaders as well as scenes of the leaders in the picturesque mountains of the west.","This folder includes a souvenir folder that describes and illustrates southwestern Native American life.  The author notes that native life is \"primitive\" with little industry and machinery.  The images contain various scenes, including a mother and child standing next to cactus brush, people gathered around a tepee, a pueblo village, and men creating wampum beads.  Also depicted are images of natives performing a variety of crafts and chores.","Set of trading cards that contain negative imagery of Native Americans.  Images include Native Americans being stabbed by white settler, a Native American man drinking too much, and misrepresentations of traditional Indian outfits.","The trading cards depict imagery of Native Americans, including totem poles, war dances, and stockades.  The cards have images on one side, and a short description of the scene on the other.","Oversized trading that that have photographs and drawing of various Native American leaders.  The cards have the image on one side, and a short biography of the leader on the other.  This trading cards are housed separately due to their large size.","The trading cards have photographs and drawings of various Native American leaders. The cards have the image on one side, and a short biography of the leader on the other.","This set of 90 cards have images on one side of famous Native American leaders and of famous battles fought by various native tribes.  The backside has a short, skewed description of historical events.","This folder contains a box of bridge tally cards.  The cards have sketches of Native American people and scenery, along with the names and locations of different tribes.","The Wild West Gum cards contains 22 cards depicting colorized illustrations of Native Americans. The collection was part of a set of 24 cards manufactured by John H. Dockman and Son in the early twentieth century.","The Paragon Beef trading cards include negative images of Chinese men with long braids and stereotypical straw hats.","Series of advertising cards that promote the Chinese immigrant population in a negative way. Advertisers include Celluloid Corset Clasps, Kendall Manufacturing Company Soaps and Soapine, Henderson's Goods, and Gent's Furnishings and Fancy Goods Houses. The images depict Chinese men with long hair embarking on ships and men with over exaggerated eye features. The images often have little to do with the product being advertised.","Series of cards that depict a scene between two white boys and a Chinese man. The children pull the man's braid, snap it off, and project the Chinese man from his perch, thus solving the \"Chinese problem\". Another card shows Chinese men being bitten by a dog.","Set of cards that depict Asian Americans in negative ways.  Images include men embarking on a boat for China, a sketch of Mun Wong, and a Chinese child holding an umbrella.","This Fourth of July postcard displays racist imagery towards Asian Americans. The card portrays an Asian woman running away from a fire cracker.","This comic strip includes stereotypical images of a Chinese man who entrapped his long braid in a rail road track.","This game includes a small box of sticks. Each player is to shake the box and the first stick that pops out is the one chosen.  Each stick has a number, and the numbers correspond to a booklet that contains fortunes.","Series of two sided trading cards. One of the sides have images of aspects of Jewish life, such as lighting candles and dancing with the torah. The other sides have short bible verses and explanations of the images.","This game is an educational trivia game that features questions regarding different aspects of the Islamic Hajj. Categories include \"How to Perform Hajj,\" \"Places of Hajj,\" and \"General Questions on Hajj.\" The game is geared toward teaching children about the Muslim pilgrimage.","The postcard displays a derogatory image of a Cuban mother feeding her two small children, one of whom nurses from a goat.","Items in this folder include pamphlets instructing men on how to be good Klan members, a pamphlet regarding the Klan's attitude toward immigration, the Klan's attitude toward the Jew and other letters of propaganda.","This folder include meeting minutes from a chapter of the Klu Klux Klan in Elkton, Maryland. The folder also includes the obituary of klansmen Raymond C. Fronk.","This folder includes a pamphlet published by the Equal Rights Congress in a national effort to outlaw the Nazis and the Klu Klux Klan.  The folder also contains fliers promoting integration and racial tolerance.","This folder includes a manuscript by an unknown author on the subject of foreign immigration into the United States of America. The author argues that foreign populations should be restricted from coming to the United States. The manuscript also discusses the various races and ethnicities that should be restricted, including the Irish, the Jewish population, Italians, and the African and Asian races. The document concludes with a list of prohibitions that the author would impose to keep the immigrant populations from entering the country.","This booklet is published by the Order United American Mechanics, a secret fraternity composed entirely of citizens born in the US.American citizens born. The booklet argues against competition for jobs with foreign-born immigrants.","Cards with images and phrases that promote racial and religious equality."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","John H. Dockman and Son."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","John H. Dockman and Son."],"language_ssim":["English German"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":141,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T06:30:22.113Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_2502.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection ","title_ssm":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"title_tesim":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1778-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1778-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss 1.05","/repositories/2/resources/2502"],"text":["Mss 1.05","/repositories/2/resources/2502","Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection","African Americans","African Americans in popular culture","African Americans in the performing arts","African Americans--Biography","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","African Americans--Education--Virginia","African Americans--History","African Americans--Suffrage","Antisemitism","Blaxploitation films -- United States","Chinese Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Chinese Americans--Legal status, laws, etc.--History","Communism--United States","Cuban Americans--Public opinion.","Indians of North America","Kwanzaa","Political cartoons","Race awareness--Simulation methods","Race discrimination--Simulation methods","Race relations--1960-1970","Race relations--United States--History--19th century","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Role playing","Welfare recipients--Public opinion","Welfare--Caricatures and cartoons","World War, 1939-1945--United States","Advertising cards","Birthday cards","Board games (activities)","Board games (game sets)","Calendars","Card games (game sets)","Christmas cards","Collecting cards","Comic strips","Fliers (printed matter)","Greeting cards","Plays (document genre)","Postcards","Reprints","Satires (document genre)","Sheet music","Songbooks","Stereoscopic photographs","VHS (TM)","Yearbooks","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Additions are being made to this collection on an ongoing basis.","The collection is divided into eight series by race and/or ethnicity. The series are African American, Native American, Asian American, Jewish American, Muslim American, Cuban American, Ku Klux Klan, and Immigration and Discrimination. The contents for each series are  grouped by material type and ordered chronologically.","Acc. 2011.633, Acc. 2011.635, Acc. 2011.637 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in October 2011. Full finding aid created in March 2015 and revised in December 2017 by Special Collections staff.","Acc. 2014.194","Ingersol View Company Stereographs, Comic Series #2","Related materials, such as rare books, are recorded at the folder level. ","See also: individual titles in the Manuscript Sheet Music Collection (Mss. 1.07), Box 48, and individual items in the Manuscript Artifact Collection.","For similar material relating to race, ethnicity, and racism outside of the United States, see the Ephemera Collection, Mss. 1.02.","Foreign publications: Rund Um Afrika, a booklet written in German by Gustav Petermann. The content details travels from Germany throughout Africa, visiting sites such as Kruger National Park, Victoria Falls, and Fort Christiansburg. The booklet contains many photographs and animals, buildings, and people. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book DT12.R86 3487058-1001.  Acc.2012.207.","Three Dension's Blackface Plays. Three different play scripts to be performed by white actors wearing black face. The plays highlight the perceived stupidity and ignorance of African Americans. These items are cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6120.N4.K37.1923, PN6120.N4.K37.1928, and PN6120.N4.K37.1931. Acc.2009.335. ","A henpecked coon: darky monologue, 1923. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6120.N4.K37 1923. ","Old Doc Gags \"Funster\". Number Two: A collection of fun, fables, foolishness, farce, and fibs, 1925. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6161.O48 1925. ","Songs and Spirituals of Negro Composition for Revivals and Congregational Singing. This item is a pamphlet of sheet music. The pamphlet also includes advertisements for home goods. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1670.S66. Acc.2009.324. ","We shall overcome! Songs of the Southern freedom movement, 1963. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1629.C2.W4. ","How can we keep from singing! A contemporary songbook for liberal churches, fellowships, youth groups, and communal singing generally, 1976. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1629.H54.1976.","Songs and spirituals of Negro composition for revivals and congregational singing, 1921. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1670.S66.","Modern Home Counseler. This book includes lessons, advice, and instructions on how to raise successful, happy, and obedient children. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books H83.M63. Acc. 2009.356. ","American Travelers Guide to Negro Monuments. This book details attractions around the United States that celebrate African Americans and their history. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books E185.53A53. Acc.2009.459. ","The South Strikes Back, 1957. This booklet was written by Woodrow Boone and promotes the return of a more racially conservative society. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Book PN6231.S485S68. Acc.2012.276.","The Afro-American Historical Calendar, 1979. The calendar features famous African American musicians, officers, and performers. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Book E185.A38. Acc.2009.389. ","Negroes in Our History Posters, undated. This collection of posters has a large sketch of famous African American musicians, politicians, and activists. The posters have a brief biographical sketch of each of the celebrated hero. The posters are  cataloged as Rare Book E185.96.R78 folio. Acc.2008.163. ","The People Versus Segregated Schools. This 1955 pamphlet promotes integration, anti-lynching laws, and equal pay for black and white workers. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.W54 1955. Acc.2011.268. ","3 Lives for Mississippi. This 1965 book is the story of Mickey Schwerner, James Chaney and Andy Goodman, three men who were killed in Philadelphia, Mississippi by the Klu Klux Klan, while fighting racial justice and the rights of African American voters. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book F347.N4H8. Acc.2011.468. ","Songs of the Southern Freedom Movement. A 1965 songbook promoting freedom, racial tolerance, and heritage. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book M1629.H54 1976. Acc.2009.315. ","How Can We Keep From Singing Songbook. This 1965 book entitled \"We Shall Overcome!\" was compiled by Guy and Candie Carawan for the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee. The book contains songs relating to sit-ins, freedom rides, voter registration and other contentious issues. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book M1629.H54.1976. Acc.2011.469. ","\"And People All Around\" Playbill. An undated playbill for a performance written by George Sklar. The play reminds viewers on the Negro Revolution in 1964, the killings of three negro boys in Mississippi, and the civil rights march on Washington. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book PS3531.E826A52. Acc.2011.268. ","The Communist Position on the Negro Question. This booklet contains excerpts from the major speeches in discussion of the \"Negro question\" at the plenary meeting of the National Committee of the Communist Party. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.C752 1947. Acc.2011.467. ","The Path of Negro Liberation. Pamphlet written by Benjamin J. Davis, who argues that the Communist Party of the United States believe in the unconditional political, social, and economic equality in all aspects of American life.  This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.D314 1947. Acc.2011.468. ","The Struggle Against White Chauvinism. Booklet written by Elizabeth Lawson and published by the New York State Education Department of the Communist Party. The booklet defines chauvinism and its effect on race and gender relations within the United States. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E.185.61.2376 1949. Acc.2011.467. ","Next Steps in the Struggle for Negro Freedom. This booklet, written by Hugh Bradley, was a report delivered at the National Conference of the Communist Party. Bradley discussed black military involvement, fair employment, and the corruption of the American government. This item is  cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.B785 1953. Acc.2011.468. ","The Negro People on the March. This booklet, written by Benjamin J. Davis, was a report to the National Committee of the Communist Party.  Davis states that the fight for \"Negro\" freedom is at its height and that the black race must be given economic and political equality.  This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.6.D38 1956. Acc.2011.467. ","\"Why Join,\" The John Birch Society. This pamphlet promotes and describes the John Birch Society. The Society believes in small government and writes that most of the historic happenings within the Civil Rights Movement were Communist conspiracies. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E740.J6W45.1968. Acc.2011.467. ","Busing and the Democratic Struggle in Boston. This booklet was published by the Proletarian Unity League, a Communist organization dedicated to creating a strong Communist Party. They believe that white opportunism in the fundamental threat to the construction of a Revolutionary party. The booklet mostly focuses on the integration of public transportation. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book LC214.53.B67P76 1975. Acc.2011.467. Acc.2011.467. ","Freedom is Everybody's Job: \" The Crime of the Government Against the Negro People, 1949. This pamphlet, written by George W. Crockett, Jr., was a summation in the trail of the 11 Communist leaders.  The pamphlet argues that the Communist Party has the right to free speech and therefore cannot be outlawed.  Crockett argues that the Communist support for Civil Rights is a reason why the Communist Party is ridiculed. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HX87.C7.1949b. ","The CIO and the Negro Worker, 1942. This pamphlet argues against discrimination in the workplace.  The CIO fights for equal employment of all people, races, and religions. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.8.C56 1942. Acc.2011.467. ","\"Out of the Jungle\", 1943. The Packinghouse Workers Fight for Justice and Equality. This book is a pictorial history of the Packinghouse Workers Union, which fought for racial justice, fair pay, and equality in the meat packing industry. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HD6515.P14073. Acc.2011.268","Roll the Union On, 1987. This book is a pictorial history of the Southern Tenant Farmers' Union, told by its co-founder H.L. Mitchell. The Union fought for the end of lynching, a safe workplace, and equal rights for African American and white workers. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HD1511.U5M573 1987. Acc.2011.467","Blaxploitation Cinema Pressbooks and Posters, 1968-1976. Currently unprocessed material. 2014.194 and oversize material.","Indian Legends, 1994. This book includes old Native American stories and tales. Each story is also illustrated in black and white or color. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E98.F6I33.","\"The Klan Today\". This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Books HS2330.K63.K58","The Aryan Views: White Folk News. \"The Attitude of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan\" pamphlets. This item is catalogued in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as HS2330.K6.A13. ","\"The Kourier,\" a booklet of the Klan's version of the History of the United States and the Klan's opinions on \"un-American\" activities such as communism and parochial schools, and the Aryan Views and White Folk News Paper, also promoting racial intolerance. This item is catalogued in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as HS2330.K6.K69 v.11 no. 8, July 1935 copy.","Old Doc Gags, \"Funster\" Number Two:: A Collection of Fun, Fables, Foolishness, Farce and Fibs. Copyright 1925 by Charles H. Ubert. The joke book includes anti-immigration and anti-Semitic content. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book PN616.O48 1925.","The racial and ethnic ephemera collection contains various materials regarding race, ethnicity, and racism in the United States. The collection includes papers and items that promote racial prejudice and propaganda. The collection also contains items and papers that exemplify the fight for civil and equal rights. African Americans are the most broadly represented group in the collection. Other ethnic groups include Native Americans, Asian Americans, Jewish Americans, Muslim Americans, and Cuban Americans. Ku Klux Klan pamphlets and anti-immigration publications are also included. Through this collection, the American struggle of racism and prejudice is realized.","Included are published items like travel guides, joke books, song books, story books, programs and handbills, comic strips, a yearbook, election fliers, political publications, pamphlets and calendars.","This fFolder contains three envelopes: Union patriotic envelope depicting a black man picking cotton, titled \"One of the Rebels\", (Acc.2014.123), Union patriotic envelope of a slave dressed as the \"King of the South,\" (Acc. 2014.124), Union patriotic envelope with a map of the south (Acc. 2014.125).","A booklet of twenty minor dramas, extravaganzas, and farces for the amateur stage.  The plays contain stereotypical typecasting of African Americans.","A story book entitled \"The Ten Little Niggers,\" with stereotypical illustrations. The layout of the book is similar to that of \"Ten Little Indians.\"","This songbook features stereotypical illustrations of African Americans including pompous dresses and large lips.","This joke book features jokes that promote racism and a negative view of African Americans.  The jokes are also anti-immigration and misogynistic.","The scrapbook dates from the late 1800's.  The pictures in the book vary, from paintings of flowers to advertising cards for household items.  One page in the book features several stereotypical images of African Americans.  Pictures of monkeys are also placed on this page, therefore stating that they are one in the same.","Advertising trade cards that contain stereotypically racist images of African Americans. The cards are for a clothier. The folder also contains an advertisement for Jos. J. Foley, Tailor, Boston MA, which has a November 1908 calendar alongside an illustration of African American children swinging and climbing trees.","This folder contains multiple advertising cards. The items advertised include soaps, clothing, and household goods. The cards contain stereotypical images of African Americans.","This folder contains advertising cards that depict African Americans in a negative light.  Common features are large lips and flouncy outfits.  The sketches on the cards often have little to do with the product being advertised.","Stereotypical black representations on three advertising trade cards. The cards for pancake batter and clothes depict African Americans with large eyes and mouths along with other stereotypical features.","Advertising cards for a clothier.  The cards depict an African American man trying to command and then falling off a horse-drawn wagon.","Advertisement card for Old Virginia Cheroots from the American Tobacco Company.  The advertisement has a sketch of an African American man.","Advertising label for Old Black Joe's blackeyed peas, showing a black man with a white beard.","Sketch for \"The Connoisseurs\", a popular advertising image for Cream of Wheat. The painting features a black man in a chef's hat, teaching a child about the taste and health benefits of cream of wheat.","Print of the painting by Edward V. Brewer entitled \"The Connoisseurs\" for the Cream of Wheat Company. The painting features an African American man in a chef costume tasting Cream of Wheat along with an African American boy in an apron and chef hat. Oversize item.","Five cards that have negative, stereotypical images of African Americans. Images include a black woman being compared to a donkey and young men playing craps.","Set of 22 racist postcards. Features include large lips and big eyes. Images also include depictions of African Americans stealing goods. Other cards include cartooned drawings of African Americans in flouncy clothing.","Set of 42 cards with racist imagery. Images include cartooned sketches of African Americans with big eyes and over exaggerated lips. Images depict African Americans as lazy and inept. They are shown stealing chickens, eating watermelon, and improperly serving white people.","A postcard with an image of an African American boy with a large mouth, kneeling next to two watermelons","Set of eight postcards that have negative, stereotypical sketches of African Americans. Images include women with large behinds, boys eating watermelon, and men with large lips.","This folder contains five racist postcards. They contain images including boys eating watermelon and a cartooned black man stealing a chicken.","Set of three postcards and a pamphlet entitled \"Fun on the Run.\" The \"Fun on the Run\" pamphlet includes several racist and sexist caricatures.","Postcard containing an image of a cartooned black man and woman. The man has large lips and torn clothing. The woman's features are exaggerated.","This souvenir features common images of African Americans in the south, including picking cotton, eating watermelon, and playing the fiddle.","This folder contains three Happy Birthday and one Christmas card. The cards contain cartooned sketches of African Americans, with factors such as large lips and big eyes. One happy birthday card has a sketch of three black women riding in a large watermelon.","This folder contains numerous happy birthday cards featuring cartooned sketches of African American girls. The girls' features include large eyes and curly hair.","Cards that promote the seven principles of Kwanzaa.","Publications from the Jim Crow era.","This is a book of rag-time melodies, which includes advertisements, sheet music, and lyrics.","This item is the yearbook of the African American high school in Essex County, Virginia. The yearbook includes photographs, poems, and advertisements.","This travel guide of \"negro\" hotels was published by Afro-American Newspapers. The guide includes a map of the East Coast and advertisements from multiple hotels.","Two advertisements promoting performances by African American musicians and artists.","The folder contains an item promoting the Lost Cause ideology, which conveys nostalgia for the Confederacy prior to the Civil War. Confederate norms are presented in the best possible light. ","Natchez Pilgrimage Brochure, 1955 March 31, invites people to celebrate the Old South by touring Antebellum mansions in Natchez, Mississippi. The brochure contains multiple photographs and descriptions of the old Antebellum mansion. (Acc.2012.278)","This folder contains publications celebrating the accomplishments and contributions of African Americans.","The booklet describes the history and curricula of Hampton Institute, now Hampton University.","The multiple brochures feature African American jubilee singers and performers.","This brochure is for the Negro History Society of the Hampton Institute and their presentation of singer Dorothy Maynor.","This calendar features the stories of famous African American inventors, politicians, and scholars.","This flyer promotes the election of Arthur H. Vandenberg as senator of Michigan. It states that Vandenberg promises to outlaw the poll tax and favors an anti-lynching law. Vandenberg promises to support African American causes if elected.","These comic strips  promote racial tolerance. One comic entitled \"Stand Up For Sportsmanship,\" features Batman stopping a fight between two boys, one white and one black. When Batman asks what happened, he discovers they're fighting because the white boy doesn't want the black boy to play with them because \"he don't belong, he ain't a real American.\" Batman responds with a lesson about racial tolerance, saying \"don't believe the crackpot lies about people who worship differently, or whose skin is of a different color, or whose parents come from another country... a nation divided by prejudice is like a football team without teamwork.\" The next one, featuring Batman, teaches the reader that a country divided by racial prejudice is the same as a football team without teamwork. The next comic encourages a baseball team to be accepting of players of different ethnicity. The last comic, featuring superman, promotes both racial and religious tolerance.","Reprint of an article from the American Legion magazine concerns the buying of Negro votes.","This folder includes a pamphlet published by the Independent Socialist Club promoting the black power movement.","This pamphlet entitled \"Here's Proof of the Red Pro-Negro Plot Against South \u0026 USA.\" argues that communist are trying to stir up trouble between white and black races, promoting racial mixing, and eventually want to control America. Pamphlet includes a map of the south, which it states Communist want to turn into a Negro Communist Soviet.","This flyier shows a picture of Martin Luther King, Jr. and other Civil Rights leaders at a supposed Communist training school. The flier states that these leaders have brought tension, disturbance, and violence while trying to promote these Communist ideals.","This booklet was published by Robert Welch. He argues that the \"negro\" population is much better off than populations around the globe. He also states that the population has made great strides in the last hundred years. Welch believes that the Communists are trying to turn black people against white people in America.","This pamphlet was printed by the Communist Party of Cleveland.  The pamphlet states that black and white people work side and side, and therefore black and white children should be able to learn and live with each other.","A pamphlet from the Communist Party of California.","An editorial from the Monroe, La. Morning World, concerns the author's fears that the United Nations is secretly a Communist plot.","A flyer created by the Bay Area Revoluntionary Union concerning streets that are still occupied by the National Guard.","A pamphlet subtitled \"a voice and vote for every member in the UAW-CIO regardless of race, color or creed.\" The pamphlet states that whites and \"negroes\" are all members of the same family and should be employed to the same end. The UAW-CIO promotes the hiring of \"negroes\" in all fields.","A Labor Education Fund pamphlet.","This pamphlet by Angelo Herndon describes the hardship of working in a southern mining town. Herndon describes how he fought the system and promoted fair pay to working class citizens.","The themes of these games range from satirizing to celebrating the progress and intellect of African Americans.","52 playing cards from the game \"In Dixie-Land\". Copyrighted 1896, L.D. Baldwin, by The Fireside Game Co.  The instructions are missing.","This folder contains a set of playing cards.  The cards have a sketch and a brief biological summary of influential African American inventors, politicians, musicians, and activists. Rules for the game are included.","This board game is a racially based Monopoly style game. White players are allowed to buy properties throughout the board while black players are restricted to center areas. The game exemplifies the difficulties of living in a racially segregated housing market. The game is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.B5 1970.","The game, which portrays public welfare and its recipients in a negative light, caused immediate controversy upon its publication. It was also perceived as racist and sexist and government agencies appealed to retailers to pull it off the shelves.","This game is a quiz and trivia style game. The game tests players' knowledge of black athletes, musicians, and activists. The game is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.96.F67 1988","This board game tests players' knowledge of African American achievement in history, patents, inventions, sports, and entertainment. There is also a category of questions titled black awareness. Players answer questions to move along on a board, through the struggles of slavery and Jim Crow, eventually arriving back in Africa.","This game is a game of dice where players role to turn over face cards number one through twelve. The cards and box feature racist imagery, including African Americans with bulging eyes and huge lips.","This board game is a trivia style game which tests players' knowledge of African American history. Players answer questions to receive an associates, bachelors, masters, and doctorate in black studies. The word \"funda\" comes from an African language and means to instruct.","Five various cards and Valentine's featuring caricatures of African Americans.  Most of the cards depict the individuals with over exaggerated features and stereotypes, such as one card showing an African American eating watermelon.","20 caricature and three photograph postcards of African Americans.  Most of the caricature postcards feature stereotypical cartoons and captions of African Americans.  The photographs show African Americans tilling in cotton fields and posing outside dilapidated homes.","Three stereoviews showing African Americans picking cotton in Georgia and Mississippi cotton fields and sugar cane in Peurto Rico. The views were produced by Underwood and Underwood, and the Keystone Viewing Company.","This box contains VHS tapes that are notable for the original video cases. Most of the movies are from the Blaxploitation genre, a controversial film movement. Blaxploitation films contained many common stereotypes. The black community is often portrayed as violent and drug related. However, some people believed the films were examples of black expression and power.","This film features a young man who accidently kills his brother and then becomes a preacher to seek amends.","This fFilm features gang life in Harlem, New York.","The film features two men who work in Harlem. They get sent on a wild goose chase looking for money hidden in a barrel of cotton.","The film features a Harlem private eye hired to save teenagers kidnapped by the Mafia.","This film features a Harlem drug-dealer who wants to make one last sell before quitting the cocaine business.","The film features Cleopatra Jones, drug traffickers' deadliest enemy.","The film takes Bruce Lee to the island fortress of a criminal warlord, whom Bruce Lee must overcome.","This film features Dracula's bloodbrother, Blacula.","The film features black CIA recruits from Chicago who become freedom fighters after their military training.","The fFilm features Pop Boyd, a martial arts champion who opens a studio on land that the Mafia wants to use as a headquarters.","This fFilm features two ex-Vietnam soldiers who pursue the elite drug dealing industries.","This film features a young black man who seeks revenge when he is arrested on false charges.","The f Film features black drug dealers, mobsters, and undercover cops.","In this sequel to Dolemite, Rudy Ray Moore flees to California, where he helps Queen Bee and her Kung-Fu girls battle a local gangster.","The film features a morally bankrupt man who can save his own life only if he marries the devil's ugly daughter.","The film features a man who owns a disco and declares war on the producers of Angel Dust, a drug corrupting his nephew.","This film features a man who seeks revenge on his girlfriend's killer.","This fFilm features a Detroit police sergeant who is pitted against brutal thugs.","The film features friends who are hiding from the mob and hunting a gangster boss, who rigged a karate tournament.","The fFilm features a man, just recently released from prison, who uses brains and muscles to survive in the city.","The fFilm features the Black Dragon, who teams up with kung fu dynamo Dragon Lee as they take on the Korean and Japanese mafias.","The film features a man named Blade, who is the last hope for humanity, when a bloodthirsty lord declares war on the human race.","The fFilm features a vampire slayer who fights to save humanity.","The fFilm features a gang who goes from rags to riches, and then fights a knife-wielding, car stealing leprechaun.","This film is the third in a trilogy. It features a vampire hunter who must join forces with a clan of other hunters to find and defeat Dracula.","The Great Cataract or Waterfall of Niagara in North America, This folder contains a copperplate engraving of Niagara Falls on paper. The image depicts a group of Native Americans showing Europeans the beauty of the falls. In the background, there are several Native Americans hauling large stones.","Powhatan Applesauce Label. \nThis folder contains an advertising label for apple sauce named after the famed Native American chiefdom, the Powhatan. The advertisement includes a sketch of a Native American with a colorful head band and feather in his hair.","Iron King Cook Calendar. \nThis calendar features a scene in which white settlers shot Native Americans while hiding behind a large iron king stove.","Set of 12 postcards that feature oil paintings of Native American imagery. The cards depict a variety of different scenes, including an Indian camp, a hunted buffalo, a tepee, and an Indian carrying an American flag after Custer's Last Stand. The postcards have a short description of each portrayed scene.","Set of 28 postcards featuring images of Native Americans. The postcards represent tribes from all over the country, from the Iroquois to the Hopi. Common images are war dances and dwellings such as tepees and long houses. Many of the postcards have short descriptions of the scenes on the back.","Set of 90 postcards that portray Indian life in the south western United States. Images include  young girls and boys, Indians in traditional tribal outfits, mountains, canyons, and pueblo houses.","This folder includes a souvenir folder that contains a description and multiple illustrations of Indian chiefs.  The chiefs depicted are all from Western tribes, including the Pueblos, Navajos, Apache, Sioux, and Blackfoot.  The description states that the Pueblos are the most civilized of the nations.  The illustrations include portraits of the leaders as well as scenes of the leaders in the picturesque mountains of the west.","This folder includes a souvenir folder that describes and illustrates southwestern Native American life.  The author notes that native life is \"primitive\" with little industry and machinery.  The images contain various scenes, including a mother and child standing next to cactus brush, people gathered around a tepee, a pueblo village, and men creating wampum beads.  Also depicted are images of natives performing a variety of crafts and chores.","Set of trading cards that contain negative imagery of Native Americans.  Images include Native Americans being stabbed by white settler, a Native American man drinking too much, and misrepresentations of traditional Indian outfits.","The trading cards depict imagery of Native Americans, including totem poles, war dances, and stockades.  The cards have images on one side, and a short description of the scene on the other.","Oversized trading that that have photographs and drawing of various Native American leaders.  The cards have the image on one side, and a short biography of the leader on the other.  This trading cards are housed separately due to their large size.","The trading cards have photographs and drawings of various Native American leaders. The cards have the image on one side, and a short biography of the leader on the other.","This set of 90 cards have images on one side of famous Native American leaders and of famous battles fought by various native tribes.  The backside has a short, skewed description of historical events.","This folder contains a box of bridge tally cards.  The cards have sketches of Native American people and scenery, along with the names and locations of different tribes.","The Wild West Gum cards contains 22 cards depicting colorized illustrations of Native Americans. The collection was part of a set of 24 cards manufactured by John H. Dockman and Son in the early twentieth century.","The Paragon Beef trading cards include negative images of Chinese men with long braids and stereotypical straw hats.","Series of advertising cards that promote the Chinese immigrant population in a negative way. Advertisers include Celluloid Corset Clasps, Kendall Manufacturing Company Soaps and Soapine, Henderson's Goods, and Gent's Furnishings and Fancy Goods Houses. The images depict Chinese men with long hair embarking on ships and men with over exaggerated eye features. The images often have little to do with the product being advertised.","Series of cards that depict a scene between two white boys and a Chinese man. The children pull the man's braid, snap it off, and project the Chinese man from his perch, thus solving the \"Chinese problem\". Another card shows Chinese men being bitten by a dog.","Set of cards that depict Asian Americans in negative ways.  Images include men embarking on a boat for China, a sketch of Mun Wong, and a Chinese child holding an umbrella.","This Fourth of July postcard displays racist imagery towards Asian Americans. The card portrays an Asian woman running away from a fire cracker.","This comic strip includes stereotypical images of a Chinese man who entrapped his long braid in a rail road track.","This game includes a small box of sticks. Each player is to shake the box and the first stick that pops out is the one chosen.  Each stick has a number, and the numbers correspond to a booklet that contains fortunes.","Series of two sided trading cards. One of the sides have images of aspects of Jewish life, such as lighting candles and dancing with the torah. The other sides have short bible verses and explanations of the images.","This game is an educational trivia game that features questions regarding different aspects of the Islamic Hajj. Categories include \"How to Perform Hajj,\" \"Places of Hajj,\" and \"General Questions on Hajj.\" The game is geared toward teaching children about the Muslim pilgrimage.","The postcard displays a derogatory image of a Cuban mother feeding her two small children, one of whom nurses from a goat.","Items in this folder include pamphlets instructing men on how to be good Klan members, a pamphlet regarding the Klan's attitude toward immigration, the Klan's attitude toward the Jew and other letters of propaganda.","This folder include meeting minutes from a chapter of the Klu Klux Klan in Elkton, Maryland. The folder also includes the obituary of klansmen Raymond C. Fronk.","This folder includes a pamphlet published by the Equal Rights Congress in a national effort to outlaw the Nazis and the Klu Klux Klan.  The folder also contains fliers promoting integration and racial tolerance.","This folder includes a manuscript by an unknown author on the subject of foreign immigration into the United States of America. The author argues that foreign populations should be restricted from coming to the United States. The manuscript also discusses the various races and ethnicities that should be restricted, including the Irish, the Jewish population, Italians, and the African and Asian races. The document concludes with a list of prohibitions that the author would impose to keep the immigrant populations from entering the country.","This booklet is published by the Order United American Mechanics, a secret fraternity composed entirely of citizens born in the US.American citizens born. The booklet argues against competition for jobs with foreign-born immigrants.","Cards with images and phrases that promote racial and religious equality.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","John H. Dockman and Son.","English German"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss 1.05","/repositories/2/resources/2502"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acc. 2007.80 was purchased 8/30/2007. Acc. 2007.81 was purchased 8/30/2007. Acc. 2008.32 was purchased 5/1/2008. Acc. 2008.46 was purchased 5/16/2008.   Acc. 2008.64 was purchased 6/9/2008. Acc. 2008.94 was purchased 9/10/2008. Acc. 2008.95 was purchased 9/10/20008. Acc. 2008.159 was purchased 12/19/2008. Acc. 2009.063 was purchased on 2/24/2009. Acc. 2009.036 was purchased on 1/19/2009. Acc. 2009.147 was purchased on 4/6/2009. Acc. 2009.151 was purchased on 3/30/2009. Acc. 2009.180 was purchased on 4/29/2009. Acc. 2009.181 was purchased on 4/29/2009. Acc. 2009.226 was purchased on 5/25/2009. Acc. 2009.235 was purchased on 5/31/2009. Acc. 2009.305 was purchased on 7/17/2009. Acquisition information for material received after 7/13/2009 is available by consulting a Special Collections Research Center staff member. Acc. 2014.123-Acc. 2014.125 purchased for Swem Library with support from the SCRC Donors Fund."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans","African Americans in popular culture","African Americans in the performing arts","African Americans--Biography","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","African Americans--Education--Virginia","African Americans--History","African Americans--Suffrage","Antisemitism","Blaxploitation films -- United States","Chinese Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Chinese Americans--Legal status, laws, etc.--History","Communism--United States","Cuban Americans--Public opinion.","Indians of North America","Kwanzaa","Political cartoons","Race awareness--Simulation methods","Race discrimination--Simulation methods","Race relations--1960-1970","Race relations--United States--History--19th century","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Role playing","Welfare recipients--Public opinion","Welfare--Caricatures and cartoons","World War, 1939-1945--United States","Advertising cards","Birthday cards","Board games (activities)","Board games (game sets)","Calendars","Card games (game sets)","Christmas cards","Collecting cards","Comic strips","Fliers (printed matter)","Greeting cards","Plays (document genre)","Postcards","Reprints","Satires (document genre)","Sheet music","Songbooks","Stereoscopic photographs","VHS (TM)","Yearbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans","African Americans in popular culture","African Americans in the performing arts","African Americans--Biography","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","African Americans--Education--Virginia","African Americans--History","African Americans--Suffrage","Antisemitism","Blaxploitation films -- United States","Chinese Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Chinese Americans--Legal status, laws, etc.--History","Communism--United States","Cuban Americans--Public opinion.","Indians of North America","Kwanzaa","Political cartoons","Race awareness--Simulation methods","Race discrimination--Simulation methods","Race relations--1960-1970","Race relations--United States--History--19th century","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Role playing","Welfare recipients--Public opinion","Welfare--Caricatures and cartoons","World War, 1939-1945--United States","Advertising cards","Birthday cards","Board games (activities)","Board games (game sets)","Calendars","Card games (game sets)","Christmas cards","Collecting cards","Comic strips","Fliers (printed matter)","Greeting cards","Plays (document genre)","Postcards","Reprints","Satires (document genre)","Sheet music","Songbooks","Stereoscopic photographs","VHS (TM)","Yearbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["4 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Advertising cards","Birthday cards","Board games (activities)","Board games (game sets)","Calendars","Card games (game sets)","Christmas cards","Collecting cards","Comic strips","Fliers (printed matter)","Greeting cards","Plays (document genre)","Postcards","Reprints","Satires (document genre)","Sheet music","Songbooks","Stereoscopic photographs","VHS (TM)","Yearbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditions are being made to this collection on an ongoing basis.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals:"],"accruals_tesim":["Additions are being made to this collection on an ongoing basis."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into eight series by race and/or ethnicity. The series are African American, Native American, Asian American, Jewish American, Muslim American, Cuban American, Ku Klux Klan, and Immigration and Discrimination. The contents for each series are  grouped by material type and ordered chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into eight series by race and/or ethnicity. The series are African American, Native American, Asian American, Jewish American, Muslim American, Cuban American, Ku Klux Klan, and Immigration and Discrimination. The contents for each series are  grouped by material type and ordered chronologically."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRacial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAcc. 2011.633, Acc. 2011.635, Acc. 2011.637 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in October 2011. Full finding aid created in March 2015 and revised in December 2017 by Special Collections staff.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcc. 2014.194\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:","Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Acc. 2011.633, Acc. 2011.635, Acc. 2011.637 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in October 2011. Full finding aid created in March 2015 and revised in December 2017 by Special Collections staff.","Acc. 2014.194"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIngersol View Company Stereographs, Comic Series #2\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRelated materials, such as rare books, are recorded at the folder level. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee also: individual titles in the Manuscript Sheet Music Collection (Mss. 1.07), Box 48, and individual items in the Manuscript Artifact Collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor similar material relating to race, ethnicity, and racism outside of the United States, see the Ephemera Collection, Mss. 1.02.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eForeign publications: Rund Um Afrika, a booklet written in German by Gustav Petermann. The content details travels from Germany throughout Africa, visiting sites such as Kruger National Park, Victoria Falls, and Fort Christiansburg. The booklet contains many photographs and animals, buildings, and people. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book DT12.R86 3487058-1001.  Acc.2012.207.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree Dension's Blackface Plays. Three different play scripts to be performed by white actors wearing black face. The plays highlight the perceived stupidity and ignorance of African Americans. These items are cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6120.N4.K37.1923, PN6120.N4.K37.1928, and PN6120.N4.K37.1931. Acc.2009.335. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA henpecked coon: darky monologue, 1923. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6120.N4.K37 1923. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOld Doc Gags \"Funster\". Number Two: A collection of fun, fables, foolishness, farce, and fibs, 1925. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6161.O48 1925. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSongs and Spirituals of Negro Composition for Revivals and Congregational Singing. This item is a pamphlet of sheet music. The pamphlet also includes advertisements for home goods. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1670.S66. Acc.2009.324. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe shall overcome! Songs of the Southern freedom movement, 1963. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1629.C2.W4. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHow can we keep from singing! A contemporary songbook for liberal churches, fellowships, youth groups, and communal singing generally, 1976. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1629.H54.1976.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSongs and spirituals of Negro composition for revivals and congregational singing, 1921. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1670.S66.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eModern Home Counseler. This book includes lessons, advice, and instructions on how to raise successful, happy, and obedient children. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books H83.M63. Acc. 2009.356. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAmerican Travelers Guide to Negro Monuments. This book details attractions around the United States that celebrate African Americans and their history. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books E185.53A53. Acc.2009.459. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe South Strikes Back, 1957. This booklet was written by Woodrow Boone and promotes the return of a more racially conservative society. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Book PN6231.S485S68. Acc.2012.276.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Afro-American Historical Calendar, 1979. The calendar features famous African American musicians, officers, and performers. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Book E185.A38. Acc.2009.389. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNegroes in Our History Posters, undated. This collection of posters has a large sketch of famous African American musicians, politicians, and activists. The posters have a brief biographical sketch of each of the celebrated hero. The posters are  cataloged as Rare Book E185.96.R78 folio. Acc.2008.163. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe People Versus Segregated Schools. This 1955 pamphlet promotes integration, anti-lynching laws, and equal pay for black and white workers. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.W54 1955. Acc.2011.268. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3 Lives for Mississippi. This 1965 book is the story of Mickey Schwerner, James Chaney and Andy Goodman, three men who were killed in Philadelphia, Mississippi by the Klu Klux Klan, while fighting racial justice and the rights of African American voters. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book F347.N4H8. Acc.2011.468. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSongs of the Southern Freedom Movement. A 1965 songbook promoting freedom, racial tolerance, and heritage. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book M1629.H54 1976. Acc.2009.315. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHow Can We Keep From Singing Songbook. This 1965 book entitled \"We Shall Overcome!\" was compiled by Guy and Candie Carawan for the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee. The book contains songs relating to sit-ins, freedom rides, voter registration and other contentious issues. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book M1629.H54.1976. Acc.2011.469. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"And People All Around\" Playbill. An undated playbill for a performance written by George Sklar. The play reminds viewers on the Negro Revolution in 1964, the killings of three negro boys in Mississippi, and the civil rights march on Washington. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book PS3531.E826A52. Acc.2011.268. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Communist Position on the Negro Question. This booklet contains excerpts from the major speeches in discussion of the \"Negro question\" at the plenary meeting of the National Committee of the Communist Party. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.C752 1947. Acc.2011.467. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Path of Negro Liberation. Pamphlet written by Benjamin J. Davis, who argues that the Communist Party of the United States believe in the unconditional political, social, and economic equality in all aspects of American life.  This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.D314 1947. Acc.2011.468. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Struggle Against White Chauvinism. Booklet written by Elizabeth Lawson and published by the New York State Education Department of the Communist Party. The booklet defines chauvinism and its effect on race and gender relations within the United States. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E.185.61.2376 1949. Acc.2011.467. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNext Steps in the Struggle for Negro Freedom. This booklet, written by Hugh Bradley, was a report delivered at the National Conference of the Communist Party. Bradley discussed black military involvement, fair employment, and the corruption of the American government. This item is  cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.B785 1953. Acc.2011.468. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Negro People on the March. This booklet, written by Benjamin J. Davis, was a report to the National Committee of the Communist Party.  Davis states that the fight for \"Negro\" freedom is at its height and that the black race must be given economic and political equality.  This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.6.D38 1956. Acc.2011.467. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Why Join,\" The John Birch Society. This pamphlet promotes and describes the John Birch Society. The Society believes in small government and writes that most of the historic happenings within the Civil Rights Movement were Communist conspiracies. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E740.J6W45.1968. Acc.2011.467. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBusing and the Democratic Struggle in Boston. This booklet was published by the Proletarian Unity League, a Communist organization dedicated to creating a strong Communist Party. They believe that white opportunism in the fundamental threat to the construction of a Revolutionary party. The booklet mostly focuses on the integration of public transportation. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book LC214.53.B67P76 1975. Acc.2011.467. Acc.2011.467. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFreedom is Everybody's Job: \" The Crime of the Government Against the Negro People, 1949. This pamphlet, written by George W. Crockett, Jr., was a summation in the trail of the 11 Communist leaders.  The pamphlet argues that the Communist Party has the right to free speech and therefore cannot be outlawed.  Crockett argues that the Communist support for Civil Rights is a reason why the Communist Party is ridiculed. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HX87.C7.1949b. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe CIO and the Negro Worker, 1942. This pamphlet argues against discrimination in the workplace.  The CIO fights for equal employment of all people, races, and religions. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.8.C56 1942. Acc.2011.467. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Out of the Jungle\", 1943. The Packinghouse Workers Fight for Justice and Equality. This book is a pictorial history of the Packinghouse Workers Union, which fought for racial justice, fair pay, and equality in the meat packing industry. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HD6515.P14073. Acc.2011.268\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRoll the Union On, 1987. This book is a pictorial history of the Southern Tenant Farmers' Union, told by its co-founder H.L. Mitchell. The Union fought for the end of lynching, a safe workplace, and equal rights for African American and white workers. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HD1511.U5M573 1987. Acc.2011.467\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlaxploitation Cinema Pressbooks and Posters, 1968-1976. Currently unprocessed material. 2014.194 and oversize material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndian Legends, 1994. This book includes old Native American stories and tales. Each story is also illustrated in black and white or color. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E98.F6I33.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"The Klan Today\". This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Books HS2330.K63.K58\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Aryan Views: White Folk News. \"The Attitude of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan\" pamphlets. This item is catalogued in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as HS2330.K6.A13. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"The Kourier,\" a booklet of the Klan's version of the History of the United States and the Klan's opinions on \"un-American\" activities such as communism and parochial schools, and the Aryan Views and White Folk News Paper, also promoting racial intolerance. This item is catalogued in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as HS2330.K6.K69 v.11 no. 8, July 1935 copy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOld Doc Gags, \"Funster\" Number Two:: A Collection of Fun, Fables, Foolishness, Farce and Fibs. Copyright 1925 by Charles H. Ubert. The joke book includes anti-immigration and anti-Semitic content. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book PN616.O48 1925.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Ingersol View Company Stereographs, Comic Series #2","Related materials, such as rare books, are recorded at the folder level. ","See also: individual titles in the Manuscript Sheet Music Collection (Mss. 1.07), Box 48, and individual items in the Manuscript Artifact Collection.","For similar material relating to race, ethnicity, and racism outside of the United States, see the Ephemera Collection, Mss. 1.02.","Foreign publications: Rund Um Afrika, a booklet written in German by Gustav Petermann. The content details travels from Germany throughout Africa, visiting sites such as Kruger National Park, Victoria Falls, and Fort Christiansburg. The booklet contains many photographs and animals, buildings, and people. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book DT12.R86 3487058-1001.  Acc.2012.207.","Three Dension's Blackface Plays. Three different play scripts to be performed by white actors wearing black face. The plays highlight the perceived stupidity and ignorance of African Americans. These items are cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6120.N4.K37.1923, PN6120.N4.K37.1928, and PN6120.N4.K37.1931. Acc.2009.335. ","A henpecked coon: darky monologue, 1923. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6120.N4.K37 1923. ","Old Doc Gags \"Funster\". Number Two: A collection of fun, fables, foolishness, farce, and fibs, 1925. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6161.O48 1925. ","Songs and Spirituals of Negro Composition for Revivals and Congregational Singing. This item is a pamphlet of sheet music. The pamphlet also includes advertisements for home goods. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1670.S66. Acc.2009.324. ","We shall overcome! Songs of the Southern freedom movement, 1963. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1629.C2.W4. ","How can we keep from singing! A contemporary songbook for liberal churches, fellowships, youth groups, and communal singing generally, 1976. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1629.H54.1976.","Songs and spirituals of Negro composition for revivals and congregational singing, 1921. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1670.S66.","Modern Home Counseler. This book includes lessons, advice, and instructions on how to raise successful, happy, and obedient children. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books H83.M63. Acc. 2009.356. ","American Travelers Guide to Negro Monuments. This book details attractions around the United States that celebrate African Americans and their history. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books E185.53A53. Acc.2009.459. ","The South Strikes Back, 1957. This booklet was written by Woodrow Boone and promotes the return of a more racially conservative society. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Book PN6231.S485S68. Acc.2012.276.","The Afro-American Historical Calendar, 1979. The calendar features famous African American musicians, officers, and performers. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Book E185.A38. Acc.2009.389. ","Negroes in Our History Posters, undated. This collection of posters has a large sketch of famous African American musicians, politicians, and activists. The posters have a brief biographical sketch of each of the celebrated hero. The posters are  cataloged as Rare Book E185.96.R78 folio. Acc.2008.163. ","The People Versus Segregated Schools. This 1955 pamphlet promotes integration, anti-lynching laws, and equal pay for black and white workers. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.W54 1955. Acc.2011.268. ","3 Lives for Mississippi. This 1965 book is the story of Mickey Schwerner, James Chaney and Andy Goodman, three men who were killed in Philadelphia, Mississippi by the Klu Klux Klan, while fighting racial justice and the rights of African American voters. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book F347.N4H8. Acc.2011.468. ","Songs of the Southern Freedom Movement. A 1965 songbook promoting freedom, racial tolerance, and heritage. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book M1629.H54 1976. Acc.2009.315. ","How Can We Keep From Singing Songbook. This 1965 book entitled \"We Shall Overcome!\" was compiled by Guy and Candie Carawan for the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee. The book contains songs relating to sit-ins, freedom rides, voter registration and other contentious issues. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book M1629.H54.1976. Acc.2011.469. ","\"And People All Around\" Playbill. An undated playbill for a performance written by George Sklar. The play reminds viewers on the Negro Revolution in 1964, the killings of three negro boys in Mississippi, and the civil rights march on Washington. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book PS3531.E826A52. Acc.2011.268. ","The Communist Position on the Negro Question. This booklet contains excerpts from the major speeches in discussion of the \"Negro question\" at the plenary meeting of the National Committee of the Communist Party. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.C752 1947. Acc.2011.467. ","The Path of Negro Liberation. Pamphlet written by Benjamin J. Davis, who argues that the Communist Party of the United States believe in the unconditional political, social, and economic equality in all aspects of American life.  This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.D314 1947. Acc.2011.468. ","The Struggle Against White Chauvinism. Booklet written by Elizabeth Lawson and published by the New York State Education Department of the Communist Party. The booklet defines chauvinism and its effect on race and gender relations within the United States. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E.185.61.2376 1949. Acc.2011.467. ","Next Steps in the Struggle for Negro Freedom. This booklet, written by Hugh Bradley, was a report delivered at the National Conference of the Communist Party. Bradley discussed black military involvement, fair employment, and the corruption of the American government. This item is  cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.B785 1953. Acc.2011.468. ","The Negro People on the March. This booklet, written by Benjamin J. Davis, was a report to the National Committee of the Communist Party.  Davis states that the fight for \"Negro\" freedom is at its height and that the black race must be given economic and political equality.  This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.6.D38 1956. Acc.2011.467. ","\"Why Join,\" The John Birch Society. This pamphlet promotes and describes the John Birch Society. The Society believes in small government and writes that most of the historic happenings within the Civil Rights Movement were Communist conspiracies. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E740.J6W45.1968. Acc.2011.467. ","Busing and the Democratic Struggle in Boston. This booklet was published by the Proletarian Unity League, a Communist organization dedicated to creating a strong Communist Party. They believe that white opportunism in the fundamental threat to the construction of a Revolutionary party. The booklet mostly focuses on the integration of public transportation. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book LC214.53.B67P76 1975. Acc.2011.467. Acc.2011.467. ","Freedom is Everybody's Job: \" The Crime of the Government Against the Negro People, 1949. This pamphlet, written by George W. Crockett, Jr., was a summation in the trail of the 11 Communist leaders.  The pamphlet argues that the Communist Party has the right to free speech and therefore cannot be outlawed.  Crockett argues that the Communist support for Civil Rights is a reason why the Communist Party is ridiculed. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HX87.C7.1949b. ","The CIO and the Negro Worker, 1942. This pamphlet argues against discrimination in the workplace.  The CIO fights for equal employment of all people, races, and religions. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.8.C56 1942. Acc.2011.467. ","\"Out of the Jungle\", 1943. The Packinghouse Workers Fight for Justice and Equality. This book is a pictorial history of the Packinghouse Workers Union, which fought for racial justice, fair pay, and equality in the meat packing industry. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HD6515.P14073. Acc.2011.268","Roll the Union On, 1987. This book is a pictorial history of the Southern Tenant Farmers' Union, told by its co-founder H.L. Mitchell. The Union fought for the end of lynching, a safe workplace, and equal rights for African American and white workers. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HD1511.U5M573 1987. Acc.2011.467","Blaxploitation Cinema Pressbooks and Posters, 1968-1976. Currently unprocessed material. 2014.194 and oversize material.","Indian Legends, 1994. This book includes old Native American stories and tales. Each story is also illustrated in black and white or color. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E98.F6I33.","\"The Klan Today\". This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Books HS2330.K63.K58","The Aryan Views: White Folk News. \"The Attitude of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan\" pamphlets. This item is catalogued in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as HS2330.K6.A13. ","\"The Kourier,\" a booklet of the Klan's version of the History of the United States and the Klan's opinions on \"un-American\" activities such as communism and parochial schools, and the Aryan Views and White Folk News Paper, also promoting racial intolerance. This item is catalogued in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as HS2330.K6.K69 v.11 no. 8, July 1935 copy.","Old Doc Gags, \"Funster\" Number Two:: A Collection of Fun, Fables, Foolishness, Farce and Fibs. Copyright 1925 by Charles H. Ubert. The joke book includes anti-immigration and anti-Semitic content. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book PN616.O48 1925."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe racial and ethnic ephemera collection contains various materials regarding race, ethnicity, and racism in the United States. The collection includes papers and items that promote racial prejudice and propaganda. The collection also contains items and papers that exemplify the fight for civil and equal rights. African Americans are the most broadly represented group in the collection. Other ethnic groups include Native Americans, Asian Americans, Jewish Americans, Muslim Americans, and Cuban Americans. Ku Klux Klan pamphlets and anti-immigration publications are also included. Through this collection, the American struggle of racism and prejudice is realized.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are published items like travel guides, joke books, song books, story books, programs and handbills, comic strips, a yearbook, election fliers, political publications, pamphlets and calendars.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis fFolder contains three envelopes: Union patriotic envelope depicting a black man picking cotton, titled \"One of the Rebels\", (Acc.2014.123), Union patriotic envelope of a slave dressed as the \"King of the South,\" (Acc. 2014.124), Union patriotic envelope with a map of the south (Acc. 2014.125).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA booklet of twenty minor dramas, extravaganzas, and farces for the amateur stage.  The plays contain stereotypical typecasting of African Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA story book entitled \"The Ten Little Niggers,\" with stereotypical illustrations. The layout of the book is similar to that of \"Ten Little Indians.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis songbook features stereotypical illustrations of African Americans including pompous dresses and large lips.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis joke book features jokes that promote racism and a negative view of African Americans.  The jokes are also anti-immigration and misogynistic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe scrapbook dates from the late 1800's.  The pictures in the book vary, from paintings of flowers to advertising cards for household items.  One page in the book features several stereotypical images of African Americans.  Pictures of monkeys are also placed on this page, therefore stating that they are one in the same.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdvertising trade cards that contain stereotypically racist images of African Americans. The cards are for a clothier. The folder also contains an advertisement for Jos. J. Foley, Tailor, Boston MA, which has a November 1908 calendar alongside an illustration of African American children swinging and climbing trees.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains multiple advertising cards. The items advertised include soaps, clothing, and household goods. The cards contain stereotypical images of African Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains advertising cards that depict African Americans in a negative light.  Common features are large lips and flouncy outfits.  The sketches on the cards often have little to do with the product being advertised.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStereotypical black representations on three advertising trade cards. The cards for pancake batter and clothes depict African Americans with large eyes and mouths along with other stereotypical features.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdvertising cards for a clothier.  The cards depict an African American man trying to command and then falling off a horse-drawn wagon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdvertisement card for Old Virginia Cheroots from the American Tobacco Company.  The advertisement has a sketch of an African American man.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdvertising label for Old Black Joe's blackeyed peas, showing a black man with a white beard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSketch for \"The Connoisseurs\", a popular advertising image for Cream of Wheat. The painting features a black man in a chef's hat, teaching a child about the taste and health benefits of cream of wheat.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrint of the painting by Edward V. Brewer entitled \"The Connoisseurs\" for the Cream of Wheat Company. The painting features an African American man in a chef costume tasting Cream of Wheat along with an African American boy in an apron and chef hat. Oversize item.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive cards that have negative, stereotypical images of African Americans. Images include a black woman being compared to a donkey and young men playing craps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of 22 racist postcards. Features include large lips and big eyes. Images also include depictions of African Americans stealing goods. Other cards include cartooned drawings of African Americans in flouncy clothing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of 42 cards with racist imagery. Images include cartooned sketches of African Americans with big eyes and over exaggerated lips. Images depict African Americans as lazy and inept. They are shown stealing chickens, eating watermelon, and improperly serving white people.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA postcard with an image of an African American boy with a large mouth, kneeling next to two watermelons\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of eight postcards that have negative, stereotypical sketches of African Americans. Images include women with large behinds, boys eating watermelon, and men with large lips.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains five racist postcards. They contain images including boys eating watermelon and a cartooned black man stealing a chicken.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of three postcards and a pamphlet entitled \"Fun on the Run.\" The \"Fun on the Run\" pamphlet includes several racist and sexist caricatures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePostcard containing an image of a cartooned black man and woman. The man has large lips and torn clothing. The woman's features are exaggerated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis souvenir features common images of African Americans in the south, including picking cotton, eating watermelon, and playing the fiddle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains three Happy Birthday and one Christmas card. The cards contain cartooned sketches of African Americans, with factors such as large lips and big eyes. One happy birthday card has a sketch of three black women riding in a large watermelon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains numerous happy birthday cards featuring cartooned sketches of African American girls. The girls' features include large eyes and curly hair.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCards that promote the seven principles of Kwanzaa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublications from the Jim Crow era.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is a book of rag-time melodies, which includes advertisements, sheet music, and lyrics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis item is the yearbook of the African American high school in Essex County, Virginia. The yearbook includes photographs, poems, and advertisements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis travel guide of \"negro\" hotels was published by Afro-American Newspapers. The guide includes a map of the East Coast and advertisements from multiple hotels.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo advertisements promoting performances by African American musicians and artists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains an item promoting the Lost Cause ideology, which conveys nostalgia for the Confederacy prior to the Civil War. Confederate norms are presented in the best possible light. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNatchez Pilgrimage Brochure, 1955 March 31, invites people to celebrate the Old South by touring Antebellum mansions in Natchez, Mississippi. The brochure contains multiple photographs and descriptions of the old Antebellum mansion. (Acc.2012.278)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains publications celebrating the accomplishments and contributions of African Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe booklet describes the history and curricula of Hampton Institute, now Hampton University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe multiple brochures feature African American jubilee singers and performers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis brochure is for the Negro History Society of the Hampton Institute and their presentation of singer Dorothy Maynor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis calendar features the stories of famous African American inventors, politicians, and scholars.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis flyer promotes the election of Arthur H. Vandenberg as senator of Michigan. It states that Vandenberg promises to outlaw the poll tax and favors an anti-lynching law. Vandenberg promises to support African American causes if elected.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese comic strips  promote racial tolerance. One comic entitled \"Stand Up For Sportsmanship,\" features Batman stopping a fight between two boys, one white and one black. When Batman asks what happened, he discovers they're fighting because the white boy doesn't want the black boy to play with them because \"he don't belong, he ain't a real American.\" Batman responds with a lesson about racial tolerance, saying \"don't believe the crackpot lies about people who worship differently, or whose skin is of a different color, or whose parents come from another country... a nation divided by prejudice is like a football team without teamwork.\" The next one, featuring Batman, teaches the reader that a country divided by racial prejudice is the same as a football team without teamwork. The next comic encourages a baseball team to be accepting of players of different ethnicity. The last comic, featuring superman, promotes both racial and religious tolerance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReprint of an article from the American Legion magazine concerns the buying of Negro votes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes a pamphlet published by the Independent Socialist Club promoting the black power movement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis pamphlet entitled \"Here's Proof of the Red Pro-Negro Plot Against South \u0026amp; USA.\" argues that communist are trying to stir up trouble between white and black races, promoting racial mixing, and eventually want to control America. Pamphlet includes a map of the south, which it states Communist want to turn into a Negro Communist Soviet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis flyier shows a picture of Martin Luther King, Jr. and other Civil Rights leaders at a supposed Communist training school. The flier states that these leaders have brought tension, disturbance, and violence while trying to promote these Communist ideals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis booklet was published by Robert Welch. He argues that the \"negro\" population is much better off than populations around the globe. He also states that the population has made great strides in the last hundred years. Welch believes that the Communists are trying to turn black people against white people in America.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis pamphlet was printed by the Communist Party of Cleveland.  The pamphlet states that black and white people work side and side, and therefore black and white children should be able to learn and live with each other.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA pamphlet from the Communist Party of California.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn editorial from the Monroe, La. Morning World, concerns the author's fears that the United Nations is secretly a Communist plot.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA flyer created by the Bay Area Revoluntionary Union concerning streets that are still occupied by the National Guard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA pamphlet subtitled \"a voice and vote for every member in the UAW-CIO regardless of race, color or creed.\" The pamphlet states that whites and \"negroes\" are all members of the same family and should be employed to the same end. The UAW-CIO promotes the hiring of \"negroes\" in all fields.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Labor Education Fund pamphlet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis pamphlet by Angelo Herndon describes the hardship of working in a southern mining town. Herndon describes how he fought the system and promoted fair pay to working class citizens.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe themes of these games range from satirizing to celebrating the progress and intellect of African Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e52 playing cards from the game \"In Dixie-Land\". Copyrighted 1896, L.D. Baldwin, by The Fireside Game Co.  The instructions are missing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains a set of playing cards.  The cards have a sketch and a brief biological summary of influential African American inventors, politicians, musicians, and activists. Rules for the game are included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis board game is a racially based Monopoly style game. White players are allowed to buy properties throughout the board while black players are restricted to center areas. The game exemplifies the difficulties of living in a racially segregated housing market. The game is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.B5 1970.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe game, which portrays public welfare and its recipients in a negative light, caused immediate controversy upon its publication. It was also perceived as racist and sexist and government agencies appealed to retailers to pull it off the shelves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis game is a quiz and trivia style game. The game tests players' knowledge of black athletes, musicians, and activists. The game is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.96.F67 1988\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis board game tests players' knowledge of African American achievement in history, patents, inventions, sports, and entertainment. There is also a category of questions titled black awareness. Players answer questions to move along on a board, through the struggles of slavery and Jim Crow, eventually arriving back in Africa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis game is a game of dice where players role to turn over face cards number one through twelve. The cards and box feature racist imagery, including African Americans with bulging eyes and huge lips.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis board game is a trivia style game which tests players' knowledge of African American history. Players answer questions to receive an associates, bachelors, masters, and doctorate in black studies. The word \"funda\" comes from an African language and means to instruct.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive various cards and Valentine's featuring caricatures of African Americans.  Most of the cards depict the individuals with over exaggerated features and stereotypes, such as one card showing an African American eating watermelon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e20 caricature and three photograph postcards of African Americans.  Most of the caricature postcards feature stereotypical cartoons and captions of African Americans.  The photographs show African Americans tilling in cotton fields and posing outside dilapidated homes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree stereoviews showing African Americans picking cotton in Georgia and Mississippi cotton fields and sugar cane in Peurto Rico. The views were produced by Underwood and Underwood, and the Keystone Viewing Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis box contains VHS tapes that are notable for the original video cases. Most of the movies are from the Blaxploitation genre, a controversial film movement. Blaxploitation films contained many common stereotypes. The black community is often portrayed as violent and drug related. However, some people believed the films were examples of black expression and power.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis film features a young man who accidently kills his brother and then becomes a preacher to seek amends.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis fFilm features gang life in Harlem, New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features two men who work in Harlem. They get sent on a wild goose chase looking for money hidden in a barrel of cotton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features a Harlem private eye hired to save teenagers kidnapped by the Mafia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis film features a Harlem drug-dealer who wants to make one last sell before quitting the cocaine business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features Cleopatra Jones, drug traffickers' deadliest enemy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film takes Bruce Lee to the island fortress of a criminal warlord, whom Bruce Lee must overcome.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis film features Dracula's bloodbrother, Blacula.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features black CIA recruits from Chicago who become freedom fighters after their military training.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fFilm features Pop Boyd, a martial arts champion who opens a studio on land that the Mafia wants to use as a headquarters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis fFilm features two ex-Vietnam soldiers who pursue the elite drug dealing industries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis film features a young black man who seeks revenge when he is arrested on false charges.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe f Film features black drug dealers, mobsters, and undercover cops.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this sequel to Dolemite, Rudy Ray Moore flees to California, where he helps Queen Bee and her Kung-Fu girls battle a local gangster.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features a morally bankrupt man who can save his own life only if he marries the devil's ugly daughter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features a man who owns a disco and declares war on the producers of Angel Dust, a drug corrupting his nephew.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis film features a man who seeks revenge on his girlfriend's killer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis fFilm features a Detroit police sergeant who is pitted against brutal thugs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features friends who are hiding from the mob and hunting a gangster boss, who rigged a karate tournament.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fFilm features a man, just recently released from prison, who uses brains and muscles to survive in the city.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fFilm features the Black Dragon, who teams up with kung fu dynamo Dragon Lee as they take on the Korean and Japanese mafias.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features a man named Blade, who is the last hope for humanity, when a bloodthirsty lord declares war on the human race.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fFilm features a vampire slayer who fights to save humanity.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fFilm features a gang who goes from rags to riches, and then fights a knife-wielding, car stealing leprechaun.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis film is the third in a trilogy. It features a vampire hunter who must join forces with a clan of other hunters to find and defeat Dracula.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Great Cataract or Waterfall of Niagara in North America, This folder contains a copperplate engraving of Niagara Falls on paper. The image depicts a group of Native Americans showing Europeans the beauty of the falls. In the background, there are several Native Americans hauling large stones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePowhatan Applesauce Label. \nThis folder contains an advertising label for apple sauce named after the famed Native American chiefdom, the Powhatan. The advertisement includes a sketch of a Native American with a colorful head band and feather in his hair.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIron King Cook Calendar. \nThis calendar features a scene in which white settlers shot Native Americans while hiding behind a large iron king stove.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of 12 postcards that feature oil paintings of Native American imagery. The cards depict a variety of different scenes, including an Indian camp, a hunted buffalo, a tepee, and an Indian carrying an American flag after Custer's Last Stand. The postcards have a short description of each portrayed scene.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of 28 postcards featuring images of Native Americans. The postcards represent tribes from all over the country, from the Iroquois to the Hopi. Common images are war dances and dwellings such as tepees and long houses. Many of the postcards have short descriptions of the scenes on the back.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of 90 postcards that portray Indian life in the south western United States. Images include  young girls and boys, Indians in traditional tribal outfits, mountains, canyons, and pueblo houses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes a souvenir folder that contains a description and multiple illustrations of Indian chiefs.  The chiefs depicted are all from Western tribes, including the Pueblos, Navajos, Apache, Sioux, and Blackfoot.  The description states that the Pueblos are the most civilized of the nations.  The illustrations include portraits of the leaders as well as scenes of the leaders in the picturesque mountains of the west.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes a souvenir folder that describes and illustrates southwestern Native American life.  The author notes that native life is \"primitive\" with little industry and machinery.  The images contain various scenes, including a mother and child standing next to cactus brush, people gathered around a tepee, a pueblo village, and men creating wampum beads.  Also depicted are images of natives performing a variety of crafts and chores.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of trading cards that contain negative imagery of Native Americans.  Images include Native Americans being stabbed by white settler, a Native American man drinking too much, and misrepresentations of traditional Indian outfits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe trading cards depict imagery of Native Americans, including totem poles, war dances, and stockades.  The cards have images on one side, and a short description of the scene on the other.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversized trading that that have photographs and drawing of various Native American leaders.  The cards have the image on one side, and a short biography of the leader on the other.  This trading cards are housed separately due to their large size.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe trading cards have photographs and drawings of various Native American leaders. The cards have the image on one side, and a short biography of the leader on the other.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis set of 90 cards have images on one side of famous Native American leaders and of famous battles fought by various native tribes.  The backside has a short, skewed description of historical events.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains a box of bridge tally cards.  The cards have sketches of Native American people and scenery, along with the names and locations of different tribes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Wild West Gum cards contains 22 cards depicting colorized illustrations of Native Americans. The collection was part of a set of 24 cards manufactured by John H. Dockman and Son in the early twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Paragon Beef trading cards include negative images of Chinese men with long braids and stereotypical straw hats.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries of advertising cards that promote the Chinese immigrant population in a negative way. Advertisers include Celluloid Corset Clasps, Kendall Manufacturing Company Soaps and Soapine, Henderson's Goods, and Gent's Furnishings and Fancy Goods Houses. The images depict Chinese men with long hair embarking on ships and men with over exaggerated eye features. The images often have little to do with the product being advertised.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries of cards that depict a scene between two white boys and a Chinese man. The children pull the man's braid, snap it off, and project the Chinese man from his perch, thus solving the \"Chinese problem\". Another card shows Chinese men being bitten by a dog.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of cards that depict Asian Americans in negative ways.  Images include men embarking on a boat for China, a sketch of Mun Wong, and a Chinese child holding an umbrella.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis Fourth of July postcard displays racist imagery towards Asian Americans. The card portrays an Asian woman running away from a fire cracker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis comic strip includes stereotypical images of a Chinese man who entrapped his long braid in a rail road track.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis game includes a small box of sticks. Each player is to shake the box and the first stick that pops out is the one chosen.  Each stick has a number, and the numbers correspond to a booklet that contains fortunes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries of two sided trading cards. One of the sides have images of aspects of Jewish life, such as lighting candles and dancing with the torah. The other sides have short bible verses and explanations of the images.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis game is an educational trivia game that features questions regarding different aspects of the Islamic Hajj. Categories include \"How to Perform Hajj,\" \"Places of Hajj,\" and \"General Questions on Hajj.\" The game is geared toward teaching children about the Muslim pilgrimage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe postcard displays a derogatory image of a Cuban mother feeding her two small children, one of whom nurses from a goat.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItems in this folder include pamphlets instructing men on how to be good Klan members, a pamphlet regarding the Klan's attitude toward immigration, the Klan's attitude toward the Jew and other letters of propaganda.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder include meeting minutes from a chapter of the Klu Klux Klan in Elkton, Maryland. The folder also includes the obituary of klansmen Raymond C. Fronk.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes a pamphlet published by the Equal Rights Congress in a national effort to outlaw the Nazis and the Klu Klux Klan.  The folder also contains fliers promoting integration and racial tolerance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes a manuscript by an unknown author on the subject of foreign immigration into the United States of America. The author argues that foreign populations should be restricted from coming to the United States. The manuscript also discusses the various races and ethnicities that should be restricted, including the Irish, the Jewish population, Italians, and the African and Asian races. The document concludes with a list of prohibitions that the author would impose to keep the immigrant populations from entering the country.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis booklet is published by the Order United American Mechanics, a secret fraternity composed entirely of citizens born in the US.American citizens born. The booklet argues against competition for jobs with foreign-born immigrants.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCards with images and phrases that promote racial and religious equality.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The racial and ethnic ephemera collection contains various materials regarding race, ethnicity, and racism in the United States. The collection includes papers and items that promote racial prejudice and propaganda. The collection also contains items and papers that exemplify the fight for civil and equal rights. African Americans are the most broadly represented group in the collection. Other ethnic groups include Native Americans, Asian Americans, Jewish Americans, Muslim Americans, and Cuban Americans. Ku Klux Klan pamphlets and anti-immigration publications are also included. Through this collection, the American struggle of racism and prejudice is realized.","Included are published items like travel guides, joke books, song books, story books, programs and handbills, comic strips, a yearbook, election fliers, political publications, pamphlets and calendars.","This fFolder contains three envelopes: Union patriotic envelope depicting a black man picking cotton, titled \"One of the Rebels\", (Acc.2014.123), Union patriotic envelope of a slave dressed as the \"King of the South,\" (Acc. 2014.124), Union patriotic envelope with a map of the south (Acc. 2014.125).","A booklet of twenty minor dramas, extravaganzas, and farces for the amateur stage.  The plays contain stereotypical typecasting of African Americans.","A story book entitled \"The Ten Little Niggers,\" with stereotypical illustrations. The layout of the book is similar to that of \"Ten Little Indians.\"","This songbook features stereotypical illustrations of African Americans including pompous dresses and large lips.","This joke book features jokes that promote racism and a negative view of African Americans.  The jokes are also anti-immigration and misogynistic.","The scrapbook dates from the late 1800's.  The pictures in the book vary, from paintings of flowers to advertising cards for household items.  One page in the book features several stereotypical images of African Americans.  Pictures of monkeys are also placed on this page, therefore stating that they are one in the same.","Advertising trade cards that contain stereotypically racist images of African Americans. The cards are for a clothier. The folder also contains an advertisement for Jos. J. Foley, Tailor, Boston MA, which has a November 1908 calendar alongside an illustration of African American children swinging and climbing trees.","This folder contains multiple advertising cards. The items advertised include soaps, clothing, and household goods. The cards contain stereotypical images of African Americans.","This folder contains advertising cards that depict African Americans in a negative light.  Common features are large lips and flouncy outfits.  The sketches on the cards often have little to do with the product being advertised.","Stereotypical black representations on three advertising trade cards. The cards for pancake batter and clothes depict African Americans with large eyes and mouths along with other stereotypical features.","Advertising cards for a clothier.  The cards depict an African American man trying to command and then falling off a horse-drawn wagon.","Advertisement card for Old Virginia Cheroots from the American Tobacco Company.  The advertisement has a sketch of an African American man.","Advertising label for Old Black Joe's blackeyed peas, showing a black man with a white beard.","Sketch for \"The Connoisseurs\", a popular advertising image for Cream of Wheat. The painting features a black man in a chef's hat, teaching a child about the taste and health benefits of cream of wheat.","Print of the painting by Edward V. Brewer entitled \"The Connoisseurs\" for the Cream of Wheat Company. The painting features an African American man in a chef costume tasting Cream of Wheat along with an African American boy in an apron and chef hat. Oversize item.","Five cards that have negative, stereotypical images of African Americans. Images include a black woman being compared to a donkey and young men playing craps.","Set of 22 racist postcards. Features include large lips and big eyes. Images also include depictions of African Americans stealing goods. Other cards include cartooned drawings of African Americans in flouncy clothing.","Set of 42 cards with racist imagery. Images include cartooned sketches of African Americans with big eyes and over exaggerated lips. Images depict African Americans as lazy and inept. They are shown stealing chickens, eating watermelon, and improperly serving white people.","A postcard with an image of an African American boy with a large mouth, kneeling next to two watermelons","Set of eight postcards that have negative, stereotypical sketches of African Americans. Images include women with large behinds, boys eating watermelon, and men with large lips.","This folder contains five racist postcards. They contain images including boys eating watermelon and a cartooned black man stealing a chicken.","Set of three postcards and a pamphlet entitled \"Fun on the Run.\" The \"Fun on the Run\" pamphlet includes several racist and sexist caricatures.","Postcard containing an image of a cartooned black man and woman. The man has large lips and torn clothing. The woman's features are exaggerated.","This souvenir features common images of African Americans in the south, including picking cotton, eating watermelon, and playing the fiddle.","This folder contains three Happy Birthday and one Christmas card. The cards contain cartooned sketches of African Americans, with factors such as large lips and big eyes. One happy birthday card has a sketch of three black women riding in a large watermelon.","This folder contains numerous happy birthday cards featuring cartooned sketches of African American girls. The girls' features include large eyes and curly hair.","Cards that promote the seven principles of Kwanzaa.","Publications from the Jim Crow era.","This is a book of rag-time melodies, which includes advertisements, sheet music, and lyrics.","This item is the yearbook of the African American high school in Essex County, Virginia. The yearbook includes photographs, poems, and advertisements.","This travel guide of \"negro\" hotels was published by Afro-American Newspapers. The guide includes a map of the East Coast and advertisements from multiple hotels.","Two advertisements promoting performances by African American musicians and artists.","The folder contains an item promoting the Lost Cause ideology, which conveys nostalgia for the Confederacy prior to the Civil War. Confederate norms are presented in the best possible light. ","Natchez Pilgrimage Brochure, 1955 March 31, invites people to celebrate the Old South by touring Antebellum mansions in Natchez, Mississippi. The brochure contains multiple photographs and descriptions of the old Antebellum mansion. (Acc.2012.278)","This folder contains publications celebrating the accomplishments and contributions of African Americans.","The booklet describes the history and curricula of Hampton Institute, now Hampton University.","The multiple brochures feature African American jubilee singers and performers.","This brochure is for the Negro History Society of the Hampton Institute and their presentation of singer Dorothy Maynor.","This calendar features the stories of famous African American inventors, politicians, and scholars.","This flyer promotes the election of Arthur H. Vandenberg as senator of Michigan. It states that Vandenberg promises to outlaw the poll tax and favors an anti-lynching law. Vandenberg promises to support African American causes if elected.","These comic strips  promote racial tolerance. One comic entitled \"Stand Up For Sportsmanship,\" features Batman stopping a fight between two boys, one white and one black. When Batman asks what happened, he discovers they're fighting because the white boy doesn't want the black boy to play with them because \"he don't belong, he ain't a real American.\" Batman responds with a lesson about racial tolerance, saying \"don't believe the crackpot lies about people who worship differently, or whose skin is of a different color, or whose parents come from another country... a nation divided by prejudice is like a football team without teamwork.\" The next one, featuring Batman, teaches the reader that a country divided by racial prejudice is the same as a football team without teamwork. The next comic encourages a baseball team to be accepting of players of different ethnicity. The last comic, featuring superman, promotes both racial and religious tolerance.","Reprint of an article from the American Legion magazine concerns the buying of Negro votes.","This folder includes a pamphlet published by the Independent Socialist Club promoting the black power movement.","This pamphlet entitled \"Here's Proof of the Red Pro-Negro Plot Against South \u0026 USA.\" argues that communist are trying to stir up trouble between white and black races, promoting racial mixing, and eventually want to control America. Pamphlet includes a map of the south, which it states Communist want to turn into a Negro Communist Soviet.","This flyier shows a picture of Martin Luther King, Jr. and other Civil Rights leaders at a supposed Communist training school. The flier states that these leaders have brought tension, disturbance, and violence while trying to promote these Communist ideals.","This booklet was published by Robert Welch. He argues that the \"negro\" population is much better off than populations around the globe. He also states that the population has made great strides in the last hundred years. Welch believes that the Communists are trying to turn black people against white people in America.","This pamphlet was printed by the Communist Party of Cleveland.  The pamphlet states that black and white people work side and side, and therefore black and white children should be able to learn and live with each other.","A pamphlet from the Communist Party of California.","An editorial from the Monroe, La. Morning World, concerns the author's fears that the United Nations is secretly a Communist plot.","A flyer created by the Bay Area Revoluntionary Union concerning streets that are still occupied by the National Guard.","A pamphlet subtitled \"a voice and vote for every member in the UAW-CIO regardless of race, color or creed.\" The pamphlet states that whites and \"negroes\" are all members of the same family and should be employed to the same end. The UAW-CIO promotes the hiring of \"negroes\" in all fields.","A Labor Education Fund pamphlet.","This pamphlet by Angelo Herndon describes the hardship of working in a southern mining town. Herndon describes how he fought the system and promoted fair pay to working class citizens.","The themes of these games range from satirizing to celebrating the progress and intellect of African Americans.","52 playing cards from the game \"In Dixie-Land\". Copyrighted 1896, L.D. Baldwin, by The Fireside Game Co.  The instructions are missing.","This folder contains a set of playing cards.  The cards have a sketch and a brief biological summary of influential African American inventors, politicians, musicians, and activists. Rules for the game are included.","This board game is a racially based Monopoly style game. White players are allowed to buy properties throughout the board while black players are restricted to center areas. The game exemplifies the difficulties of living in a racially segregated housing market. The game is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.B5 1970.","The game, which portrays public welfare and its recipients in a negative light, caused immediate controversy upon its publication. It was also perceived as racist and sexist and government agencies appealed to retailers to pull it off the shelves.","This game is a quiz and trivia style game. The game tests players' knowledge of black athletes, musicians, and activists. The game is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.96.F67 1988","This board game tests players' knowledge of African American achievement in history, patents, inventions, sports, and entertainment. There is also a category of questions titled black awareness. Players answer questions to move along on a board, through the struggles of slavery and Jim Crow, eventually arriving back in Africa.","This game is a game of dice where players role to turn over face cards number one through twelve. The cards and box feature racist imagery, including African Americans with bulging eyes and huge lips.","This board game is a trivia style game which tests players' knowledge of African American history. Players answer questions to receive an associates, bachelors, masters, and doctorate in black studies. The word \"funda\" comes from an African language and means to instruct.","Five various cards and Valentine's featuring caricatures of African Americans.  Most of the cards depict the individuals with over exaggerated features and stereotypes, such as one card showing an African American eating watermelon.","20 caricature and three photograph postcards of African Americans.  Most of the caricature postcards feature stereotypical cartoons and captions of African Americans.  The photographs show African Americans tilling in cotton fields and posing outside dilapidated homes.","Three stereoviews showing African Americans picking cotton in Georgia and Mississippi cotton fields and sugar cane in Peurto Rico. The views were produced by Underwood and Underwood, and the Keystone Viewing Company.","This box contains VHS tapes that are notable for the original video cases. Most of the movies are from the Blaxploitation genre, a controversial film movement. Blaxploitation films contained many common stereotypes. The black community is often portrayed as violent and drug related. However, some people believed the films were examples of black expression and power.","This film features a young man who accidently kills his brother and then becomes a preacher to seek amends.","This fFilm features gang life in Harlem, New York.","The film features two men who work in Harlem. They get sent on a wild goose chase looking for money hidden in a barrel of cotton.","The film features a Harlem private eye hired to save teenagers kidnapped by the Mafia.","This film features a Harlem drug-dealer who wants to make one last sell before quitting the cocaine business.","The film features Cleopatra Jones, drug traffickers' deadliest enemy.","The film takes Bruce Lee to the island fortress of a criminal warlord, whom Bruce Lee must overcome.","This film features Dracula's bloodbrother, Blacula.","The film features black CIA recruits from Chicago who become freedom fighters after their military training.","The fFilm features Pop Boyd, a martial arts champion who opens a studio on land that the Mafia wants to use as a headquarters.","This fFilm features two ex-Vietnam soldiers who pursue the elite drug dealing industries.","This film features a young black man who seeks revenge when he is arrested on false charges.","The f Film features black drug dealers, mobsters, and undercover cops.","In this sequel to Dolemite, Rudy Ray Moore flees to California, where he helps Queen Bee and her Kung-Fu girls battle a local gangster.","The film features a morally bankrupt man who can save his own life only if he marries the devil's ugly daughter.","The film features a man who owns a disco and declares war on the producers of Angel Dust, a drug corrupting his nephew.","This film features a man who seeks revenge on his girlfriend's killer.","This fFilm features a Detroit police sergeant who is pitted against brutal thugs.","The film features friends who are hiding from the mob and hunting a gangster boss, who rigged a karate tournament.","The fFilm features a man, just recently released from prison, who uses brains and muscles to survive in the city.","The fFilm features the Black Dragon, who teams up with kung fu dynamo Dragon Lee as they take on the Korean and Japanese mafias.","The film features a man named Blade, who is the last hope for humanity, when a bloodthirsty lord declares war on the human race.","The fFilm features a vampire slayer who fights to save humanity.","The fFilm features a gang who goes from rags to riches, and then fights a knife-wielding, car stealing leprechaun.","This film is the third in a trilogy. It features a vampire hunter who must join forces with a clan of other hunters to find and defeat Dracula.","The Great Cataract or Waterfall of Niagara in North America, This folder contains a copperplate engraving of Niagara Falls on paper. The image depicts a group of Native Americans showing Europeans the beauty of the falls. In the background, there are several Native Americans hauling large stones.","Powhatan Applesauce Label. \nThis folder contains an advertising label for apple sauce named after the famed Native American chiefdom, the Powhatan. The advertisement includes a sketch of a Native American with a colorful head band and feather in his hair.","Iron King Cook Calendar. \nThis calendar features a scene in which white settlers shot Native Americans while hiding behind a large iron king stove.","Set of 12 postcards that feature oil paintings of Native American imagery. The cards depict a variety of different scenes, including an Indian camp, a hunted buffalo, a tepee, and an Indian carrying an American flag after Custer's Last Stand. The postcards have a short description of each portrayed scene.","Set of 28 postcards featuring images of Native Americans. The postcards represent tribes from all over the country, from the Iroquois to the Hopi. Common images are war dances and dwellings such as tepees and long houses. Many of the postcards have short descriptions of the scenes on the back.","Set of 90 postcards that portray Indian life in the south western United States. Images include  young girls and boys, Indians in traditional tribal outfits, mountains, canyons, and pueblo houses.","This folder includes a souvenir folder that contains a description and multiple illustrations of Indian chiefs.  The chiefs depicted are all from Western tribes, including the Pueblos, Navajos, Apache, Sioux, and Blackfoot.  The description states that the Pueblos are the most civilized of the nations.  The illustrations include portraits of the leaders as well as scenes of the leaders in the picturesque mountains of the west.","This folder includes a souvenir folder that describes and illustrates southwestern Native American life.  The author notes that native life is \"primitive\" with little industry and machinery.  The images contain various scenes, including a mother and child standing next to cactus brush, people gathered around a tepee, a pueblo village, and men creating wampum beads.  Also depicted are images of natives performing a variety of crafts and chores.","Set of trading cards that contain negative imagery of Native Americans.  Images include Native Americans being stabbed by white settler, a Native American man drinking too much, and misrepresentations of traditional Indian outfits.","The trading cards depict imagery of Native Americans, including totem poles, war dances, and stockades.  The cards have images on one side, and a short description of the scene on the other.","Oversized trading that that have photographs and drawing of various Native American leaders.  The cards have the image on one side, and a short biography of the leader on the other.  This trading cards are housed separately due to their large size.","The trading cards have photographs and drawings of various Native American leaders. The cards have the image on one side, and a short biography of the leader on the other.","This set of 90 cards have images on one side of famous Native American leaders and of famous battles fought by various native tribes.  The backside has a short, skewed description of historical events.","This folder contains a box of bridge tally cards.  The cards have sketches of Native American people and scenery, along with the names and locations of different tribes.","The Wild West Gum cards contains 22 cards depicting colorized illustrations of Native Americans. The collection was part of a set of 24 cards manufactured by John H. Dockman and Son in the early twentieth century.","The Paragon Beef trading cards include negative images of Chinese men with long braids and stereotypical straw hats.","Series of advertising cards that promote the Chinese immigrant population in a negative way. Advertisers include Celluloid Corset Clasps, Kendall Manufacturing Company Soaps and Soapine, Henderson's Goods, and Gent's Furnishings and Fancy Goods Houses. The images depict Chinese men with long hair embarking on ships and men with over exaggerated eye features. The images often have little to do with the product being advertised.","Series of cards that depict a scene between two white boys and a Chinese man. The children pull the man's braid, snap it off, and project the Chinese man from his perch, thus solving the \"Chinese problem\". Another card shows Chinese men being bitten by a dog.","Set of cards that depict Asian Americans in negative ways.  Images include men embarking on a boat for China, a sketch of Mun Wong, and a Chinese child holding an umbrella.","This Fourth of July postcard displays racist imagery towards Asian Americans. The card portrays an Asian woman running away from a fire cracker.","This comic strip includes stereotypical images of a Chinese man who entrapped his long braid in a rail road track.","This game includes a small box of sticks. Each player is to shake the box and the first stick that pops out is the one chosen.  Each stick has a number, and the numbers correspond to a booklet that contains fortunes.","Series of two sided trading cards. One of the sides have images of aspects of Jewish life, such as lighting candles and dancing with the torah. The other sides have short bible verses and explanations of the images.","This game is an educational trivia game that features questions regarding different aspects of the Islamic Hajj. Categories include \"How to Perform Hajj,\" \"Places of Hajj,\" and \"General Questions on Hajj.\" The game is geared toward teaching children about the Muslim pilgrimage.","The postcard displays a derogatory image of a Cuban mother feeding her two small children, one of whom nurses from a goat.","Items in this folder include pamphlets instructing men on how to be good Klan members, a pamphlet regarding the Klan's attitude toward immigration, the Klan's attitude toward the Jew and other letters of propaganda.","This folder include meeting minutes from a chapter of the Klu Klux Klan in Elkton, Maryland. The folder also includes the obituary of klansmen Raymond C. Fronk.","This folder includes a pamphlet published by the Equal Rights Congress in a national effort to outlaw the Nazis and the Klu Klux Klan.  The folder also contains fliers promoting integration and racial tolerance.","This folder includes a manuscript by an unknown author on the subject of foreign immigration into the United States of America. The author argues that foreign populations should be restricted from coming to the United States. The manuscript also discusses the various races and ethnicities that should be restricted, including the Irish, the Jewish population, Italians, and the African and Asian races. The document concludes with a list of prohibitions that the author would impose to keep the immigrant populations from entering the country.","This booklet is published by the Order United American Mechanics, a secret fraternity composed entirely of citizens born in the US.American citizens born. The booklet argues against competition for jobs with foreign-born immigrants.","Cards with images and phrases that promote racial and religious equality."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","John H. Dockman and Son."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","John H. Dockman and Son."],"language_ssim":["English German"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":141,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T06:30:22.113Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2502"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"College of William and Mary","value":"College of William and Mary","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Christmas+cards\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1900\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University","value":"James Madison University","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Christmas+cards\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1900\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library","value":"Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Christmas+cards\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1900\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Washington+and+Lee+University%2C+Leyburn+Library\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Christmas+cards\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1900\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Grove Family Papers","value":"Grove Family Papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Christmas+cards\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Grove+Family+Papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1900\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Heatwole Family Papers","value":"Heatwole Family Papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Christmas+cards\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Heatwole+Family+Papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1900\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Josephine R. 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