{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Chiaroscuro","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Chiaroscuro\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":1,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_692","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"\"Madonna and Child\" print by Friedrich Karl Rupprecht, after Zanetti, after Parmigianino chiaroscuro woodcut","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_692#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Rupprecht, Friedrich Karl, 1779-1831","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_692#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Friedrich Karl Rupprecht 19th century printed copy of a chiaroscuro woodcut by Antonio Maria Zanetti I, after a drawing by Parmigianino.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_692#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_692","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_692","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_692","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_692","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_692.xml","title_ssm":["\"Madonna and Child\" print by Friedrich Karl Rupprecht, after Zanetti, after Parmigianino chiaroscuro woodcut"],"title_tesim":["\"Madonna and Child\" print by Friedrich Karl Rupprecht, after Zanetti, after Parmigianino chiaroscuro woodcut"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1822"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["circa 1822"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0418","/repositories/2/resources/692"],"text":["C0418","/repositories/2/resources/692","\"Madonna and Child\" print by Friedrich Karl Rupprecht, after Zanetti, after Parmigianino chiaroscuro woodcut","Art","Chiaroscuro","Christian art and symbolism","Christian art and symbolism -- Germany -- Modern period, 1500-","Wood engravings","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","\"Antonio Maria Zanetti I.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG51922.","\"Chiaroscuro Woodcut.\" n.d. Elizabeth Harvey-Lee | Print Dealer. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.elizabethharvey-lee.com/techniques/colour_relief/chiaroscuro.htm.","\"Chiaroscuro Woodcuts.\" n.d. Royal Collection Trust. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.rct.uk/collection/themes/exhibitions/canaletto-and-the-art-of-venice/the-queens-gallery-buckingham-palace/chiaroscuro-woodcuts.","Finefield, Kristi. 2018. \"Renaissance and Baroque Color: Researching Chiaroscuro Woodcuts at the Library of Congress | Picture This.\"  The Library of Congress  (blog). December 13, 2018. //blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2018/12/renaissance-and-baroque-color-researching-chiaroscuro-woodcuts-at-the-library-of-congress.","\"Friedrich Carl Rupprecht.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG44514.","\"Friedrich Karl Rupprecht.\" 2021. In  Wikipedia . https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Karl_Rupprecht\u0026oldid=215671760.","\"Parmigianino.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG41167.","Friedrich Karl Rupprecht was born in Germany on October 31, 1779. Rupprecht attended high school in Nuremberg and while there became a student of the landscape painter Christoph Froer. Starting in 1799 he studied at the academy in Dresden and began work as an independent artist in 1802 before settling in Bamberg in 1810. A painter and engraver, Rupprecht also revived the chiaroscuro woodcut technique by making prints after Italian artists. Rupprecht fell ill in the summer of 1831 due to unhealthy working conditions during the restoration of the Bamberg Cathedral and passed away on October 25 of that year.","Chiaroscuro woodcut printmaking was developed in Germany and expanded upon in Italy in the early 1500s and is one of the earliest color printing processes. The term \"chiaroscuro\" is a combination of the Italian words for \"chiaro\" meaning light and \"scuro\" meaning shade. Rather than the hand application of color ink to an impression printed in black ink, chiaroscuro woodcuts created images using multiple woodblocks that layered color tones to create the image, traditionally shades of brown, ochre, olive, green, gray, and other earth tones. Interest in the technique waned and had virtually died out by the late 1600s, but a group of Venetian printmakers led to a revival of interest in the 1700s. Antonio Maria Zanetti I (also known as the Elder) is considered one of these key revivers of the chiaroscuro woodcut. Born in 1680, Zanetti began experimenting with the technique in the 1720s by reproducing drawings by Parmigianino (also known as Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola), a 16th century Italian painter, etcher, and engraver.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in November 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in December 2023.","The Special Collections Research center holds other woodcut prints and engravings including  Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations , and the  Broadus Bailey French Revolution print collection .","The Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division (P\u0026P) holds  The Pembroke Album , a collection of 91 images, primarily chiaroscuro woodcuts by Italian printmakers active in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.","Friedrich Karl Rupprecht 19th century printed copy of a chiaroscuro woodcut by Antonio Maria Zanetti I, after a drawing by Parmigianino. 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There are no known restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by SCRC from the Book Press, Ltd. in February 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Art","Chiaroscuro","Christian art and symbolism","Christian art and symbolism -- Germany -- Modern period, 1500-","Wood engravings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Art","Chiaroscuro","Christian art and symbolism","Christian art and symbolism -- Germany -- Modern period, 1500-","Wood engravings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Wood engravings"],"date_range_isim":[1822],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Antonio Maria Zanetti I.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG51922.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Chiaroscuro Woodcut.\" n.d. Elizabeth Harvey-Lee | Print Dealer. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.elizabethharvey-lee.com/techniques/colour_relief/chiaroscuro.htm.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Chiaroscuro Woodcuts.\" n.d. Royal Collection Trust. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.rct.uk/collection/themes/exhibitions/canaletto-and-the-art-of-venice/the-queens-gallery-buckingham-palace/chiaroscuro-woodcuts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFinefield, Kristi. 2018. \"Renaissance and Baroque Color: Researching Chiaroscuro Woodcuts at the Library of Congress | Picture This.\" \u003cemphp\u003eThe Library of Congress\u003c/emphp\u003e (blog). December 13, 2018. //blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2018/12/renaissance-and-baroque-color-researching-chiaroscuro-woodcuts-at-the-library-of-congress.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Friedrich Carl Rupprecht.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG44514.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Friedrich Karl Rupprecht.\" 2021. In \u003cemph\u003eWikipedia\u003c/emph\u003e. https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Karl_Rupprecht\u0026amp;oldid=215671760.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Parmigianino.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG41167.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Antonio Maria Zanetti I.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG51922.","\"Chiaroscuro Woodcut.\" n.d. Elizabeth Harvey-Lee | Print Dealer. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.elizabethharvey-lee.com/techniques/colour_relief/chiaroscuro.htm.","\"Chiaroscuro Woodcuts.\" n.d. Royal Collection Trust. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.rct.uk/collection/themes/exhibitions/canaletto-and-the-art-of-venice/the-queens-gallery-buckingham-palace/chiaroscuro-woodcuts.","Finefield, Kristi. 2018. \"Renaissance and Baroque Color: Researching Chiaroscuro Woodcuts at the Library of Congress | Picture This.\"  The Library of Congress  (blog). December 13, 2018. //blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2018/12/renaissance-and-baroque-color-researching-chiaroscuro-woodcuts-at-the-library-of-congress.","\"Friedrich Carl Rupprecht.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG44514.","\"Friedrich Karl Rupprecht.\" 2021. In  Wikipedia . https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Karl_Rupprecht\u0026oldid=215671760.","\"Parmigianino.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG41167."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFriedrich Karl Rupprecht was born in Germany on October 31, 1779. Rupprecht attended high school in Nuremberg and while there became a student of the landscape painter Christoph Froer. Starting in 1799 he studied at the academy in Dresden and began work as an independent artist in 1802 before settling in Bamberg in 1810. A painter and engraver, Rupprecht also revived the chiaroscuro woodcut technique by making prints after Italian artists. Rupprecht fell ill in the summer of 1831 due to unhealthy working conditions during the restoration of the Bamberg Cathedral and passed away on October 25 of that year.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eChiaroscuro woodcut printmaking was developed in Germany and expanded upon in Italy in the early 1500s and is one of the earliest color printing processes. The term \"chiaroscuro\" is a combination of the Italian words for \"chiaro\" meaning light and \"scuro\" meaning shade. Rather than the hand application of color ink to an impression printed in black ink, chiaroscuro woodcuts created images using multiple woodblocks that layered color tones to create the image, traditionally shades of brown, ochre, olive, green, gray, and other earth tones. Interest in the technique waned and had virtually died out by the late 1600s, but a group of Venetian printmakers led to a revival of interest in the 1700s. Antonio Maria Zanetti I (also known as the Elder) is considered one of these key revivers of the chiaroscuro woodcut. Born in 1680, Zanetti began experimenting with the technique in the 1720s by reproducing drawings by Parmigianino (also known as Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola), a 16th century Italian painter, etcher, and engraver.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Friedrich Karl Rupprecht was born in Germany on October 31, 1779. Rupprecht attended high school in Nuremberg and while there became a student of the landscape painter Christoph Froer. Starting in 1799 he studied at the academy in Dresden and began work as an independent artist in 1802 before settling in Bamberg in 1810. A painter and engraver, Rupprecht also revived the chiaroscuro woodcut technique by making prints after Italian artists. Rupprecht fell ill in the summer of 1831 due to unhealthy working conditions during the restoration of the Bamberg Cathedral and passed away on October 25 of that year.","Chiaroscuro woodcut printmaking was developed in Germany and expanded upon in Italy in the early 1500s and is one of the earliest color printing processes. The term \"chiaroscuro\" is a combination of the Italian words for \"chiaro\" meaning light and \"scuro\" meaning shade. Rather than the hand application of color ink to an impression printed in black ink, chiaroscuro woodcuts created images using multiple woodblocks that layered color tones to create the image, traditionally shades of brown, ochre, olive, green, gray, and other earth tones. Interest in the technique waned and had virtually died out by the late 1600s, but a group of Venetian printmakers led to a revival of interest in the 1700s. Antonio Maria Zanetti I (also known as the Elder) is considered one of these key revivers of the chiaroscuro woodcut. Born in 1680, Zanetti began experimenting with the technique in the 1720s by reproducing drawings by Parmigianino (also known as Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola), a 16th century Italian painter, etcher, and engraver."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Madonna and Child\" print by Friedrich Karl Rupprecht, after Zanetti, after Parmigianino chiaroscuro woodcut, C0418, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["\"Madonna and Child\" print by Friedrich Karl Rupprecht, after Zanetti, after Parmigianino chiaroscuro woodcut, C0418, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in November 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in December 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in November 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in December 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research center holds other woodcut prints and engravings including \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0398\"\u003eNuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations\u003c/a\u003e, and the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0072\"\u003eBroadus Bailey French Revolution print collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division (P\u0026amp;P) holds \u003ca href=\"https://www.loc.gov/rr/print/coll/611_pembroke.html?loclr=blogpic\"\u003eThe Pembroke Album\u003c/a\u003e, a collection of 91 images, primarily chiaroscuro woodcuts by Italian printmakers active in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research center holds other woodcut prints and engravings including  Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations , and the  Broadus Bailey French Revolution print collection .","The Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division (P\u0026P) holds  The Pembroke Album , a collection of 91 images, primarily chiaroscuro woodcuts by Italian printmakers active in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFriedrich Karl Rupprecht 19th century printed copy of a chiaroscuro woodcut by Antonio Maria Zanetti I, after a drawing by Parmigianino. Elaborate ink signature on back of print, possibly reading L \u0026amp; L Baskin, dated 1965.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Friedrich Karl Rupprecht 19th century printed copy of a chiaroscuro woodcut by Antonio Maria Zanetti I, after a drawing by Parmigianino. Elaborate ink signature on back of print, possibly reading L \u0026 L Baskin, dated 1965."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain. There are no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1675187eaf4b74588fc5ef04b4dbe0ba\"\u003eFriedrich Karl Rupprecht 19th century printed copy of a chiaroscuro woodcut by Antonio Maria Zanetti I, after a drawing by Parmigianino.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Friedrich Karl Rupprecht 19th century printed copy of a chiaroscuro woodcut by Antonio Maria Zanetti I, after a drawing by Parmigianino."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_42275e66ed7e3e3a96c5063892bafa25\"\u003eR 72, C 3, S 6\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["R 72, C 3, S 6"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Rupprecht, Friedrich Karl, 1779-1831","Parmigianino, 1503-1540","Zanetti, Antonio Maria, 1680-1767"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Parmigianino, 1503-1540","Rupprecht, Friedrich Karl, 1779-1831","Zanetti, Antonio Maria, 1680-1767"],"persname_ssim":["Rupprecht, Friedrich Karl, 1779-1831","Parmigianino, 1503-1540","Zanetti, Antonio Maria, 1680-1767"],"language_ssim":["German \n.    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The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG51922.","\"Chiaroscuro Woodcut.\" n.d. Elizabeth Harvey-Lee | Print Dealer. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.elizabethharvey-lee.com/techniques/colour_relief/chiaroscuro.htm.","\"Chiaroscuro Woodcuts.\" n.d. Royal Collection Trust. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.rct.uk/collection/themes/exhibitions/canaletto-and-the-art-of-venice/the-queens-gallery-buckingham-palace/chiaroscuro-woodcuts.","Finefield, Kristi. 2018. \"Renaissance and Baroque Color: Researching Chiaroscuro Woodcuts at the Library of Congress | Picture This.\"  The Library of Congress  (blog). December 13, 2018. //blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2018/12/renaissance-and-baroque-color-researching-chiaroscuro-woodcuts-at-the-library-of-congress.","\"Friedrich Carl Rupprecht.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG44514.","\"Friedrich Karl Rupprecht.\" 2021. In  Wikipedia . https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Karl_Rupprecht\u0026oldid=215671760.","\"Parmigianino.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG41167.","Friedrich Karl Rupprecht was born in Germany on October 31, 1779. Rupprecht attended high school in Nuremberg and while there became a student of the landscape painter Christoph Froer. Starting in 1799 he studied at the academy in Dresden and began work as an independent artist in 1802 before settling in Bamberg in 1810. A painter and engraver, Rupprecht also revived the chiaroscuro woodcut technique by making prints after Italian artists. Rupprecht fell ill in the summer of 1831 due to unhealthy working conditions during the restoration of the Bamberg Cathedral and passed away on October 25 of that year.","Chiaroscuro woodcut printmaking was developed in Germany and expanded upon in Italy in the early 1500s and is one of the earliest color printing processes. The term \"chiaroscuro\" is a combination of the Italian words for \"chiaro\" meaning light and \"scuro\" meaning shade. Rather than the hand application of color ink to an impression printed in black ink, chiaroscuro woodcuts created images using multiple woodblocks that layered color tones to create the image, traditionally shades of brown, ochre, olive, green, gray, and other earth tones. Interest in the technique waned and had virtually died out by the late 1600s, but a group of Venetian printmakers led to a revival of interest in the 1700s. Antonio Maria Zanetti I (also known as the Elder) is considered one of these key revivers of the chiaroscuro woodcut. 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The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG51922.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Chiaroscuro Woodcut.\" n.d. Elizabeth Harvey-Lee | Print Dealer. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.elizabethharvey-lee.com/techniques/colour_relief/chiaroscuro.htm.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Chiaroscuro Woodcuts.\" n.d. Royal Collection Trust. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.rct.uk/collection/themes/exhibitions/canaletto-and-the-art-of-venice/the-queens-gallery-buckingham-palace/chiaroscuro-woodcuts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFinefield, Kristi. 2018. \"Renaissance and Baroque Color: Researching Chiaroscuro Woodcuts at the Library of Congress | Picture This.\" \u003cemphp\u003eThe Library of Congress\u003c/emphp\u003e (blog). December 13, 2018. //blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2018/12/renaissance-and-baroque-color-researching-chiaroscuro-woodcuts-at-the-library-of-congress.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Friedrich Carl Rupprecht.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG44514.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Friedrich Karl Rupprecht.\" 2021. In \u003cemph\u003eWikipedia\u003c/emph\u003e. https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Karl_Rupprecht\u0026amp;oldid=215671760.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Parmigianino.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG41167.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Antonio Maria Zanetti I.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG51922.","\"Chiaroscuro Woodcut.\" n.d. Elizabeth Harvey-Lee | Print Dealer. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.elizabethharvey-lee.com/techniques/colour_relief/chiaroscuro.htm.","\"Chiaroscuro Woodcuts.\" n.d. Royal Collection Trust. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.rct.uk/collection/themes/exhibitions/canaletto-and-the-art-of-venice/the-queens-gallery-buckingham-palace/chiaroscuro-woodcuts.","Finefield, Kristi. 2018. \"Renaissance and Baroque Color: Researching Chiaroscuro Woodcuts at the Library of Congress | Picture This.\"  The Library of Congress  (blog). December 13, 2018. //blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2018/12/renaissance-and-baroque-color-researching-chiaroscuro-woodcuts-at-the-library-of-congress.","\"Friedrich Carl Rupprecht.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG44514.","\"Friedrich Karl Rupprecht.\" 2021. In  Wikipedia . https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Karl_Rupprecht\u0026oldid=215671760.","\"Parmigianino.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG41167."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFriedrich Karl Rupprecht was born in Germany on October 31, 1779. Rupprecht attended high school in Nuremberg and while there became a student of the landscape painter Christoph Froer. Starting in 1799 he studied at the academy in Dresden and began work as an independent artist in 1802 before settling in Bamberg in 1810. A painter and engraver, Rupprecht also revived the chiaroscuro woodcut technique by making prints after Italian artists. Rupprecht fell ill in the summer of 1831 due to unhealthy working conditions during the restoration of the Bamberg Cathedral and passed away on October 25 of that year.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eChiaroscuro woodcut printmaking was developed in Germany and expanded upon in Italy in the early 1500s and is one of the earliest color printing processes. The term \"chiaroscuro\" is a combination of the Italian words for \"chiaro\" meaning light and \"scuro\" meaning shade. Rather than the hand application of color ink to an impression printed in black ink, chiaroscuro woodcuts created images using multiple woodblocks that layered color tones to create the image, traditionally shades of brown, ochre, olive, green, gray, and other earth tones. Interest in the technique waned and had virtually died out by the late 1600s, but a group of Venetian printmakers led to a revival of interest in the 1700s. Antonio Maria Zanetti I (also known as the Elder) is considered one of these key revivers of the chiaroscuro woodcut. Born in 1680, Zanetti began experimenting with the technique in the 1720s by reproducing drawings by Parmigianino (also known as Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola), a 16th century Italian painter, etcher, and engraver.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Friedrich Karl Rupprecht was born in Germany on October 31, 1779. Rupprecht attended high school in Nuremberg and while there became a student of the landscape painter Christoph Froer. Starting in 1799 he studied at the academy in Dresden and began work as an independent artist in 1802 before settling in Bamberg in 1810. A painter and engraver, Rupprecht also revived the chiaroscuro woodcut technique by making prints after Italian artists. Rupprecht fell ill in the summer of 1831 due to unhealthy working conditions during the restoration of the Bamberg Cathedral and passed away on October 25 of that year.","Chiaroscuro woodcut printmaking was developed in Germany and expanded upon in Italy in the early 1500s and is one of the earliest color printing processes. The term \"chiaroscuro\" is a combination of the Italian words for \"chiaro\" meaning light and \"scuro\" meaning shade. Rather than the hand application of color ink to an impression printed in black ink, chiaroscuro woodcuts created images using multiple woodblocks that layered color tones to create the image, traditionally shades of brown, ochre, olive, green, gray, and other earth tones. Interest in the technique waned and had virtually died out by the late 1600s, but a group of Venetian printmakers led to a revival of interest in the 1700s. Antonio Maria Zanetti I (also known as the Elder) is considered one of these key revivers of the chiaroscuro woodcut. Born in 1680, Zanetti began experimenting with the technique in the 1720s by reproducing drawings by Parmigianino (also known as Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola), a 16th century Italian painter, etcher, and engraver."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Madonna and Child\" print by Friedrich Karl Rupprecht, after Zanetti, after Parmigianino chiaroscuro woodcut, C0418, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["\"Madonna and Child\" print by Friedrich Karl Rupprecht, after Zanetti, after Parmigianino chiaroscuro woodcut, C0418, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in November 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in December 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in November 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in December 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research center holds other woodcut prints and engravings including \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0398\"\u003eNuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations\u003c/a\u003e, and the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0072\"\u003eBroadus Bailey French Revolution print collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division (P\u0026amp;P) holds \u003ca href=\"https://www.loc.gov/rr/print/coll/611_pembroke.html?loclr=blogpic\"\u003eThe Pembroke Album\u003c/a\u003e, a collection of 91 images, primarily chiaroscuro woodcuts by Italian printmakers active in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research center holds other woodcut prints and engravings including  Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations , and the  Broadus Bailey French Revolution print collection .","The Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division (P\u0026P) holds  The Pembroke Album , a collection of 91 images, primarily chiaroscuro woodcuts by Italian printmakers active in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFriedrich Karl Rupprecht 19th century printed copy of a chiaroscuro woodcut by Antonio Maria Zanetti I, after a drawing by Parmigianino. Elaborate ink signature on back of print, possibly reading L \u0026amp; L Baskin, dated 1965.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Friedrich Karl Rupprecht 19th century printed copy of a chiaroscuro woodcut by Antonio Maria Zanetti I, after a drawing by Parmigianino. Elaborate ink signature on back of print, possibly reading L \u0026 L Baskin, dated 1965."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain. There are no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public Domain. 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