{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Berlin+Wall%2C+Berlin%2C+Germany%2C+1961-1989\u0026view=list","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Berlin+Wall%2C+Berlin%2C+Germany%2C+1961-1989\u0026page=1\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":3,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_100","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"East German poster collection political series","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_100#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Hill, Thomas","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_100#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_100#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_100","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_100","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_100","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_100","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_100.xml","title_ssm":["East German poster collection political series"],"title_tesim":["East German poster collection political series"],"unitdate_ssm":["1943-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1943-2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["East German poster collection political series"],"text":["East German poster collection political series","C0169","/repositories/2/resources/100","Germany (East) -- Politics and government","Germany -- History -- Unification, 1990","Germany -- History -- 1945-1990","War posters -- Germany (East)","Protest movements","Checkpoint Charlie, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989","Berlin Wall, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989","Political posters -- Germany (East)","Posters","Political posters","Collection is open to research.","Arranged by subject and a numbering system.","On October 7, 1949, following the partition of Germany at the end of World War II, the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) was formed under the governance of the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED). The SED had been formed from two previous political parties, the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD) and the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD). In 1955, the Soviet Occupation Zone was officially declared to be a sovreign state. Under the SED, the infrastructure, industrial plants, and public property were all nationalized. Additionally, all political parties and mass organizations were controlled under an umbrella organization known as the Nationale Front (NF).","Initially, the SED was led by Wilhelm Pieck, who served as the first an only president of the DDR from 1949 to 1960. After 1950, the actual power in the DDR was held by Walter Ulbricht, the First Secretary of the SED. During this beginning period of the DDR's history, the new state's economy was severely weakened by war reparations to the USSR. This problem was exacerbated by the heavy emigration to the West that was induced by the increased poverty caused by the war reparations. In response to the emigration problem, the DDR closed the Inner German border in the 1950s. On the night of August 12, 1961, East German soldiers began construction on the Berlin Wall.","From 1949 until the 1970s, West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) considered the DDR to be an illegally constituted state. It was only in 1971, under Chancellor Willy Brandt, that West Germany established normal relations with the DDR. That same year, Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev deposed Walter Ulbricht as the DDR head of state. Ulbricht's policies were experimenting with liberal reform, so Ulbricht was replaced by Erich Honecker, who increased government controls on the population.","In 1989, public outrage over local government elections led to large amounts of illegal emigration from the DDR. In August, Hungary unsealed its border and lifted restrictions, leading to over 13,000 people leaving the DDR to the West via Hungary. In October, public demonstrations led to Erich Honecker's resignation. His replacement, Egon Krenz, was slightly more moderate. On November 9, 1989, sections of the Berlin Wall were opened. The governing party of the DDR soon resigned and attempts to establish a democratic DDR were overwhelmed by calls for reunification with West Germany. Later that year, the 2 + 4 Talks were held between the two Germanys, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the USSR. The five original East German states, which were abolished in 1952, were reestablished, and conditions for reunification were agreed upon. On October 3, 1990, the five East German states officially joined the Federal Republic of Germany.","Processed by Lauren Shutt and Sean Tennant in 2010. EAD markup completed by Sean Tennant. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in July 2022 and October 2023.","Processing supported by a grant from the Council on Library and Information Resources.","The East German poster collection contains other series, including the , , , and .","In 2021, GMU Professor Samuel Huneke led the completion of the \n, a project funded by a Fenwick Fellowship. The posters from each of the East German poster collection series can be searched in this database.","This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.","Common political figures present within the series are Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Ernst Thalmann, Rosa Luxemburg, and Karl Liebnecht. These people are generally depicted by portrait photographs or illustrations. The majority of the portrait posters are in commemoration of former political leaders and communist figures, although there are some that are campaign posters for contemporary politicians. The series also contains posters from political organizations such as the Feier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (FDGB), the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED), the Solidaritatskomitee der DDR, and the Freie Deutsche Jugend (FDJ). Also contained in the series are posters expressing solidarity with various revolutionary movements around the world, mostly focusing on Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central America. The posters are associated with events such as the elections of 1990, the fall of the Berlin Wall, Soviet Seven Year agricultural plans, and the anniversaries of the births of noted communist figures. Graffiti from the Berlin Wall is also a popular subject. The majority of poster images are photographs with text, although there are also illustrations and some abstract art with political text.","See the External Documents note for a poster inventory with brief descriptions.","There may be restrictions on reproduction. Please contact the Special Collections Research Center for more information.","This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.","Map Case 2.3-3.1, 10.5, 20.1-20.2","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Vereinigte Linke (Organization)","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR","Germany. Bundestag","Freie Deutsche Jugend","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Germany (East). Volkskammer","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands","SPD der DDR","Hill, Thomas","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883","Liebknecht, Karl, 1871-1919","Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich, 1870-1924","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Billhardt, Thomas","German"],"collection_title_tesim":["East German poster collection political series"],"collection_ssim":["East German poster collection political series"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Series","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0169","/repositories/2/resources/100"],"unitid_tesim":["C0169","/repositories/2/resources/100"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Germany (East) -- Politics and government","Germany -- History -- Unification, 1990","Germany -- History -- 1945-1990"],"geogname_ssim":["Germany (East) -- Politics and government","Germany -- History -- Unification, 1990","Germany -- History -- 1945-1990"],"places_ssim":["Germany (East) -- Politics and government","Germany -- History -- Unification, 1990","Germany -- History -- 1945-1990"],"creator_ssm":["Hill, Thomas"],"creator_ssim":["Hill, Thomas"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hill, Thomas","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883","Liebknecht, Karl, 1871-1919","Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich, 1870-1924","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Billhardt, Thomas"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Vereinigte Linke (Organization)","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR","Germany. Bundestag","Freie Deutsche Jugend","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Germany (East). Volkskammer","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands","SPD der DDR"],"creators_ssim":["Hill, Thomas","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883","Liebknecht, Karl, 1871-1919","Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich, 1870-1924","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Billhardt, Thomas","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Vereinigte Linke (Organization)","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR","Germany. Bundestag","Freie Deutsche Jugend","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Germany (East). Volkskammer","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands","SPD der DDR"],"access_terms_ssm":["There may be restrictions on reproduction. Please contact the Special Collections Research Center for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased from Thomas Hill in 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["War posters -- Germany (East)","Protest movements","Checkpoint Charlie, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989","Berlin Wall, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989","Political posters -- Germany (East)","Posters","Political posters"],"access_subjects_ssm":["War posters -- Germany (East)","Protest movements","Checkpoint Charlie, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989","Berlin Wall, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989","Political posters -- Germany (East)","Posters","Political posters"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["652 posters"],"extent_tesim":["652 posters"],"genreform_ssim":["Political posters -- Germany (East)","Posters","Political posters"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged by subject and a numbering system.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged by subject and a numbering system."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOn October 7, 1949, following the partition of Germany at the end of World War II, the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) was formed under the governance of the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED). The SED had been formed from two previous political parties, the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD) and the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD). In 1955, the Soviet Occupation Zone was officially declared to be a sovreign state. Under the SED, the infrastructure, industrial plants, and public property were all nationalized. Additionally, all political parties and mass organizations were controlled under an umbrella organization known as the Nationale Front (NF). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInitially, the SED was led by Wilhelm Pieck, who served as the first an only president of the DDR from 1949 to 1960. After 1950, the actual power in the DDR was held by Walter Ulbricht, the First Secretary of the SED. During this beginning period of the DDR's history, the new state's economy was severely weakened by war reparations to the USSR. This problem was exacerbated by the heavy emigration to the West that was induced by the increased poverty caused by the war reparations. In response to the emigration problem, the DDR closed the Inner German border in the 1950s. On the night of August 12, 1961, East German soldiers began construction on the Berlin Wall. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1949 until the 1970s, West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) considered the DDR to be an illegally constituted state. It was only in 1971, under Chancellor Willy Brandt, that West Germany established normal relations with the DDR. That same year, Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev deposed Walter Ulbricht as the DDR head of state. Ulbricht's policies were experimenting with liberal reform, so Ulbricht was replaced by Erich Honecker, who increased government controls on the population. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1989, public outrage over local government elections led to large amounts of illegal emigration from the DDR. In August, Hungary unsealed its border and lifted restrictions, leading to over 13,000 people leaving the DDR to the West via Hungary. In October, public demonstrations led to Erich Honecker's resignation. His replacement, Egon Krenz, was slightly more moderate. On November 9, 1989, sections of the Berlin Wall were opened. The governing party of the DDR soon resigned and attempts to establish a democratic DDR were overwhelmed by calls for reunification with West Germany. Later that year, the 2 + 4 Talks were held between the two Germanys, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the USSR. The five original East German states, which were abolished in 1952, were reestablished, and conditions for reunification were agreed upon. On October 3, 1990, the five East German states officially joined the Federal Republic of Germany.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["On October 7, 1949, following the partition of Germany at the end of World War II, the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) was formed under the governance of the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED). The SED had been formed from two previous political parties, the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD) and the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD). In 1955, the Soviet Occupation Zone was officially declared to be a sovreign state. Under the SED, the infrastructure, industrial plants, and public property were all nationalized. Additionally, all political parties and mass organizations were controlled under an umbrella organization known as the Nationale Front (NF).","Initially, the SED was led by Wilhelm Pieck, who served as the first an only president of the DDR from 1949 to 1960. After 1950, the actual power in the DDR was held by Walter Ulbricht, the First Secretary of the SED. During this beginning period of the DDR's history, the new state's economy was severely weakened by war reparations to the USSR. This problem was exacerbated by the heavy emigration to the West that was induced by the increased poverty caused by the war reparations. In response to the emigration problem, the DDR closed the Inner German border in the 1950s. On the night of August 12, 1961, East German soldiers began construction on the Berlin Wall.","From 1949 until the 1970s, West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) considered the DDR to be an illegally constituted state. It was only in 1971, under Chancellor Willy Brandt, that West Germany established normal relations with the DDR. That same year, Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev deposed Walter Ulbricht as the DDR head of state. Ulbricht's policies were experimenting with liberal reform, so Ulbricht was replaced by Erich Honecker, who increased government controls on the population.","In 1989, public outrage over local government elections led to large amounts of illegal emigration from the DDR. In August, Hungary unsealed its border and lifted restrictions, leading to over 13,000 people leaving the DDR to the West via Hungary. In October, public demonstrations led to Erich Honecker's resignation. His replacement, Egon Krenz, was slightly more moderate. On November 9, 1989, sections of the Berlin Wall were opened. The governing party of the DDR soon resigned and attempts to establish a democratic DDR were overwhelmed by calls for reunification with West Germany. Later that year, the 2 + 4 Talks were held between the two Germanys, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the USSR. The five original East German states, which were abolished in 1952, were reestablished, and conditions for reunification were agreed upon. On October 3, 1990, the five East German states officially joined the Federal Republic of Germany."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEast German poster collection political series, C0169, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["East German poster collection political series, C0169, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Lauren Shutt and Sean Tennant in 2010. EAD markup completed by Sean Tennant. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in July 2022 and October 2023.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessing supported by a grant from the Council on Library and Information Resources. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Lauren Shutt and Sean Tennant in 2010. EAD markup completed by Sean Tennant. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in July 2022 and October 2023.","Processing supported by a grant from the Council on Library and Information Resources."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe East German poster collection contains other series, including the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"art exhibitions series\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0207\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"performing arts series\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0209\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"culture and science series\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0206\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"film series\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0208\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, GMU Professor Samuel Huneke led the completion of the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"East German Poster Database\" href=\"https://eastgermanposters.gmu.edu/s/eastgermanposters/page/home\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\n, a project funded by a Fenwick Fellowship. The posters from each of the East German poster collection series can be searched in this database.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The East German poster collection contains other series, including the , , , and .","In 2021, GMU Professor Samuel Huneke led the completion of the \n, a project funded by a Fenwick Fellowship. The posters from each of the East German poster collection series can be searched in this database."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommon political figures present within the series are Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Ernst Thalmann, Rosa Luxemburg, and Karl Liebnecht. These people are generally depicted by portrait photographs or illustrations. The majority of the portrait posters are in commemoration of former political leaders and communist figures, although there are some that are campaign posters for contemporary politicians. The series also contains posters from political organizations such as the Feier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (FDGB), the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED), the Solidaritatskomitee der DDR, and the Freie Deutsche Jugend (FDJ). Also contained in the series are posters expressing solidarity with various revolutionary movements around the world, mostly focusing on Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central America. The posters are associated with events such as the elections of 1990, the fall of the Berlin Wall, Soviet Seven Year agricultural plans, and the anniversaries of the births of noted communist figures. Graffiti from the Berlin Wall is also a popular subject. The majority of poster images are photographs with text, although there are also illustrations and some abstract art with political text. \u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSee the External Documents note for a poster inventory with brief descriptions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.","Common political figures present within the series are Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Ernst Thalmann, Rosa Luxemburg, and Karl Liebnecht. These people are generally depicted by portrait photographs or illustrations. The majority of the portrait posters are in commemoration of former political leaders and communist figures, although there are some that are campaign posters for contemporary politicians. The series also contains posters from political organizations such as the Feier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (FDGB), the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED), the Solidaritatskomitee der DDR, and the Freie Deutsche Jugend (FDJ). Also contained in the series are posters expressing solidarity with various revolutionary movements around the world, mostly focusing on Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central America. The posters are associated with events such as the elections of 1990, the fall of the Berlin Wall, Soviet Seven Year agricultural plans, and the anniversaries of the births of noted communist figures. Graffiti from the Berlin Wall is also a popular subject. The majority of poster images are photographs with text, although there are also illustrations and some abstract art with political text.","See the External Documents note for a poster inventory with brief descriptions."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere may be restrictions on reproduction. Please contact the Special Collections Research Center for more information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There may be restrictions on reproduction. Please contact the Special Collections Research Center for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_50193a910ed43d73e05db969381c2459\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_15279d1bf44e438ee1bde17f7abd7ea1\"\u003eMap Case 2.3-3.1, 10.5, 20.1-20.2\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Map Case 2.3-3.1, 10.5, 20.1-20.2"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Vereinigte Linke (Organization)","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR","Germany. Bundestag","Freie Deutsche Jugend","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Germany (East). Volkskammer","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands","SPD der DDR"],"names_coll_ssim":["Vereinigte Linke (Organization)","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR","Germany. Bundestag","Freie Deutsche Jugend","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Germany (East). Volkskammer","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands","SPD der DDR","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883","Liebknecht, Karl, 1871-1919","Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich, 1870-1924","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Billhardt, Thomas"],"persname_ssim":["Hill, Thomas","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883","Liebknecht, Karl, 1871-1919","Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich, 1870-1924","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Billhardt, Thomas"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Vereinigte Linke (Organization)","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR","Germany. Bundestag","Freie Deutsche Jugend","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Germany (East). Volkskammer","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands","SPD der DDR","Hill, Thomas","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883","Liebknecht, Karl, 1871-1919","Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich, 1870-1924","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Billhardt, Thomas"],"language_ssim":["German"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:52:46.231Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_100","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_100","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_100","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_100","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_100.xml","title_ssm":["East German poster collection political series"],"title_tesim":["East German poster collection political series"],"unitdate_ssm":["1943-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1943-2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["East German poster collection political series"],"text":["East German poster collection political series","C0169","/repositories/2/resources/100","Germany (East) -- Politics and government","Germany -- History -- Unification, 1990","Germany -- History -- 1945-1990","War posters -- Germany (East)","Protest movements","Checkpoint Charlie, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989","Berlin Wall, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989","Political posters -- Germany (East)","Posters","Political posters","Collection is open to research.","Arranged by subject and a numbering system.","On October 7, 1949, following the partition of Germany at the end of World War II, the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) was formed under the governance of the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED). The SED had been formed from two previous political parties, the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD) and the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD). In 1955, the Soviet Occupation Zone was officially declared to be a sovreign state. Under the SED, the infrastructure, industrial plants, and public property were all nationalized. Additionally, all political parties and mass organizations were controlled under an umbrella organization known as the Nationale Front (NF).","Initially, the SED was led by Wilhelm Pieck, who served as the first an only president of the DDR from 1949 to 1960. After 1950, the actual power in the DDR was held by Walter Ulbricht, the First Secretary of the SED. During this beginning period of the DDR's history, the new state's economy was severely weakened by war reparations to the USSR. This problem was exacerbated by the heavy emigration to the West that was induced by the increased poverty caused by the war reparations. In response to the emigration problem, the DDR closed the Inner German border in the 1950s. On the night of August 12, 1961, East German soldiers began construction on the Berlin Wall.","From 1949 until the 1970s, West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) considered the DDR to be an illegally constituted state. It was only in 1971, under Chancellor Willy Brandt, that West Germany established normal relations with the DDR. That same year, Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev deposed Walter Ulbricht as the DDR head of state. Ulbricht's policies were experimenting with liberal reform, so Ulbricht was replaced by Erich Honecker, who increased government controls on the population.","In 1989, public outrage over local government elections led to large amounts of illegal emigration from the DDR. In August, Hungary unsealed its border and lifted restrictions, leading to over 13,000 people leaving the DDR to the West via Hungary. In October, public demonstrations led to Erich Honecker's resignation. His replacement, Egon Krenz, was slightly more moderate. On November 9, 1989, sections of the Berlin Wall were opened. The governing party of the DDR soon resigned and attempts to establish a democratic DDR were overwhelmed by calls for reunification with West Germany. Later that year, the 2 + 4 Talks were held between the two Germanys, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the USSR. The five original East German states, which were abolished in 1952, were reestablished, and conditions for reunification were agreed upon. On October 3, 1990, the five East German states officially joined the Federal Republic of Germany.","Processed by Lauren Shutt and Sean Tennant in 2010. EAD markup completed by Sean Tennant. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in July 2022 and October 2023.","Processing supported by a grant from the Council on Library and Information Resources.","The East German poster collection contains other series, including the , , , and .","In 2021, GMU Professor Samuel Huneke led the completion of the \n, a project funded by a Fenwick Fellowship. The posters from each of the East German poster collection series can be searched in this database.","This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.","Common political figures present within the series are Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Ernst Thalmann, Rosa Luxemburg, and Karl Liebnecht. These people are generally depicted by portrait photographs or illustrations. The majority of the portrait posters are in commemoration of former political leaders and communist figures, although there are some that are campaign posters for contemporary politicians. The series also contains posters from political organizations such as the Feier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (FDGB), the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED), the Solidaritatskomitee der DDR, and the Freie Deutsche Jugend (FDJ). Also contained in the series are posters expressing solidarity with various revolutionary movements around the world, mostly focusing on Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central America. The posters are associated with events such as the elections of 1990, the fall of the Berlin Wall, Soviet Seven Year agricultural plans, and the anniversaries of the births of noted communist figures. Graffiti from the Berlin Wall is also a popular subject. The majority of poster images are photographs with text, although there are also illustrations and some abstract art with political text.","See the External Documents note for a poster inventory with brief descriptions.","There may be restrictions on reproduction. Please contact the Special Collections Research Center for more information.","This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.","Map Case 2.3-3.1, 10.5, 20.1-20.2","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Vereinigte Linke (Organization)","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR","Germany. Bundestag","Freie Deutsche Jugend","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Germany (East). Volkskammer","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands","SPD der DDR","Hill, Thomas","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883","Liebknecht, Karl, 1871-1919","Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich, 1870-1924","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Billhardt, Thomas","German"],"collection_title_tesim":["East German poster collection political series"],"collection_ssim":["East German poster collection political series"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Series","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0169","/repositories/2/resources/100"],"unitid_tesim":["C0169","/repositories/2/resources/100"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Germany (East) -- Politics and government","Germany -- History -- Unification, 1990","Germany -- History -- 1945-1990"],"geogname_ssim":["Germany (East) -- Politics and government","Germany -- History -- Unification, 1990","Germany -- History -- 1945-1990"],"places_ssim":["Germany (East) -- Politics and government","Germany -- History -- Unification, 1990","Germany -- History -- 1945-1990"],"creator_ssm":["Hill, Thomas"],"creator_ssim":["Hill, Thomas"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hill, Thomas","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883","Liebknecht, Karl, 1871-1919","Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich, 1870-1924","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Billhardt, Thomas"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Vereinigte Linke (Organization)","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR","Germany. Bundestag","Freie Deutsche Jugend","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Germany (East). Volkskammer","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands","SPD der DDR"],"creators_ssim":["Hill, Thomas","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883","Liebknecht, Karl, 1871-1919","Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich, 1870-1924","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Billhardt, Thomas","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Vereinigte Linke (Organization)","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR","Germany. Bundestag","Freie Deutsche Jugend","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Germany (East). Volkskammer","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands","SPD der DDR"],"access_terms_ssm":["There may be restrictions on reproduction. Please contact the Special Collections Research Center for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased from Thomas Hill in 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["War posters -- Germany (East)","Protest movements","Checkpoint Charlie, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989","Berlin Wall, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989","Political posters -- Germany (East)","Posters","Political posters"],"access_subjects_ssm":["War posters -- Germany (East)","Protest movements","Checkpoint Charlie, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989","Berlin Wall, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989","Political posters -- Germany (East)","Posters","Political posters"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["652 posters"],"extent_tesim":["652 posters"],"genreform_ssim":["Political posters -- Germany (East)","Posters","Political posters"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged by subject and a numbering system.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged by subject and a numbering system."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOn October 7, 1949, following the partition of Germany at the end of World War II, the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) was formed under the governance of the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED). The SED had been formed from two previous political parties, the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD) and the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD). In 1955, the Soviet Occupation Zone was officially declared to be a sovreign state. Under the SED, the infrastructure, industrial plants, and public property were all nationalized. Additionally, all political parties and mass organizations were controlled under an umbrella organization known as the Nationale Front (NF). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInitially, the SED was led by Wilhelm Pieck, who served as the first an only president of the DDR from 1949 to 1960. After 1950, the actual power in the DDR was held by Walter Ulbricht, the First Secretary of the SED. During this beginning period of the DDR's history, the new state's economy was severely weakened by war reparations to the USSR. This problem was exacerbated by the heavy emigration to the West that was induced by the increased poverty caused by the war reparations. In response to the emigration problem, the DDR closed the Inner German border in the 1950s. On the night of August 12, 1961, East German soldiers began construction on the Berlin Wall. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1949 until the 1970s, West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) considered the DDR to be an illegally constituted state. It was only in 1971, under Chancellor Willy Brandt, that West Germany established normal relations with the DDR. That same year, Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev deposed Walter Ulbricht as the DDR head of state. Ulbricht's policies were experimenting with liberal reform, so Ulbricht was replaced by Erich Honecker, who increased government controls on the population. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1989, public outrage over local government elections led to large amounts of illegal emigration from the DDR. In August, Hungary unsealed its border and lifted restrictions, leading to over 13,000 people leaving the DDR to the West via Hungary. In October, public demonstrations led to Erich Honecker's resignation. His replacement, Egon Krenz, was slightly more moderate. On November 9, 1989, sections of the Berlin Wall were opened. The governing party of the DDR soon resigned and attempts to establish a democratic DDR were overwhelmed by calls for reunification with West Germany. Later that year, the 2 + 4 Talks were held between the two Germanys, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the USSR. The five original East German states, which were abolished in 1952, were reestablished, and conditions for reunification were agreed upon. On October 3, 1990, the five East German states officially joined the Federal Republic of Germany.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["On October 7, 1949, following the partition of Germany at the end of World War II, the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) was formed under the governance of the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED). The SED had been formed from two previous political parties, the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD) and the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD). In 1955, the Soviet Occupation Zone was officially declared to be a sovreign state. Under the SED, the infrastructure, industrial plants, and public property were all nationalized. Additionally, all political parties and mass organizations were controlled under an umbrella organization known as the Nationale Front (NF).","Initially, the SED was led by Wilhelm Pieck, who served as the first an only president of the DDR from 1949 to 1960. After 1950, the actual power in the DDR was held by Walter Ulbricht, the First Secretary of the SED. During this beginning period of the DDR's history, the new state's economy was severely weakened by war reparations to the USSR. This problem was exacerbated by the heavy emigration to the West that was induced by the increased poverty caused by the war reparations. In response to the emigration problem, the DDR closed the Inner German border in the 1950s. On the night of August 12, 1961, East German soldiers began construction on the Berlin Wall.","From 1949 until the 1970s, West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) considered the DDR to be an illegally constituted state. It was only in 1971, under Chancellor Willy Brandt, that West Germany established normal relations with the DDR. That same year, Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev deposed Walter Ulbricht as the DDR head of state. Ulbricht's policies were experimenting with liberal reform, so Ulbricht was replaced by Erich Honecker, who increased government controls on the population.","In 1989, public outrage over local government elections led to large amounts of illegal emigration from the DDR. In August, Hungary unsealed its border and lifted restrictions, leading to over 13,000 people leaving the DDR to the West via Hungary. In October, public demonstrations led to Erich Honecker's resignation. His replacement, Egon Krenz, was slightly more moderate. On November 9, 1989, sections of the Berlin Wall were opened. The governing party of the DDR soon resigned and attempts to establish a democratic DDR were overwhelmed by calls for reunification with West Germany. Later that year, the 2 + 4 Talks were held between the two Germanys, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the USSR. The five original East German states, which were abolished in 1952, were reestablished, and conditions for reunification were agreed upon. On October 3, 1990, the five East German states officially joined the Federal Republic of Germany."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEast German poster collection political series, C0169, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["East German poster collection political series, C0169, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Lauren Shutt and Sean Tennant in 2010. EAD markup completed by Sean Tennant. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in July 2022 and October 2023.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessing supported by a grant from the Council on Library and Information Resources. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Lauren Shutt and Sean Tennant in 2010. EAD markup completed by Sean Tennant. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in July 2022 and October 2023.","Processing supported by a grant from the Council on Library and Information Resources."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe East German poster collection contains other series, including the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"art exhibitions series\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0207\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"performing arts series\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0209\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"culture and science series\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0206\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"film series\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0208\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, GMU Professor Samuel Huneke led the completion of the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"East German Poster Database\" href=\"https://eastgermanposters.gmu.edu/s/eastgermanposters/page/home\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\n, a project funded by a Fenwick Fellowship. The posters from each of the East German poster collection series can be searched in this database.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The East German poster collection contains other series, including the , , , and .","In 2021, GMU Professor Samuel Huneke led the completion of the \n, a project funded by a Fenwick Fellowship. The posters from each of the East German poster collection series can be searched in this database."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommon political figures present within the series are Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Ernst Thalmann, Rosa Luxemburg, and Karl Liebnecht. These people are generally depicted by portrait photographs or illustrations. The majority of the portrait posters are in commemoration of former political leaders and communist figures, although there are some that are campaign posters for contemporary politicians. The series also contains posters from political organizations such as the Feier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (FDGB), the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED), the Solidaritatskomitee der DDR, and the Freie Deutsche Jugend (FDJ). Also contained in the series are posters expressing solidarity with various revolutionary movements around the world, mostly focusing on Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central America. The posters are associated with events such as the elections of 1990, the fall of the Berlin Wall, Soviet Seven Year agricultural plans, and the anniversaries of the births of noted communist figures. Graffiti from the Berlin Wall is also a popular subject. The majority of poster images are photographs with text, although there are also illustrations and some abstract art with political text. \u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSee the External Documents note for a poster inventory with brief descriptions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.","Common political figures present within the series are Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Ernst Thalmann, Rosa Luxemburg, and Karl Liebnecht. These people are generally depicted by portrait photographs or illustrations. The majority of the portrait posters are in commemoration of former political leaders and communist figures, although there are some that are campaign posters for contemporary politicians. The series also contains posters from political organizations such as the Feier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (FDGB), the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED), the Solidaritatskomitee der DDR, and the Freie Deutsche Jugend (FDJ). Also contained in the series are posters expressing solidarity with various revolutionary movements around the world, mostly focusing on Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central America. The posters are associated with events such as the elections of 1990, the fall of the Berlin Wall, Soviet Seven Year agricultural plans, and the anniversaries of the births of noted communist figures. Graffiti from the Berlin Wall is also a popular subject. The majority of poster images are photographs with text, although there are also illustrations and some abstract art with political text.","See the External Documents note for a poster inventory with brief descriptions."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere may be restrictions on reproduction. Please contact the Special Collections Research Center for more information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There may be restrictions on reproduction. Please contact the Special Collections Research Center for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_50193a910ed43d73e05db969381c2459\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_15279d1bf44e438ee1bde17f7abd7ea1\"\u003eMap Case 2.3-3.1, 10.5, 20.1-20.2\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Map Case 2.3-3.1, 10.5, 20.1-20.2"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Vereinigte Linke (Organization)","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR","Germany. Bundestag","Freie Deutsche Jugend","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Germany (East). Volkskammer","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands","SPD der DDR"],"names_coll_ssim":["Vereinigte Linke (Organization)","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR","Germany. Bundestag","Freie Deutsche Jugend","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Germany (East). Volkskammer","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands","SPD der DDR","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883","Liebknecht, Karl, 1871-1919","Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich, 1870-1924","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Billhardt, Thomas"],"persname_ssim":["Hill, Thomas","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883","Liebknecht, Karl, 1871-1919","Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich, 1870-1924","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Billhardt, Thomas"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Vereinigte Linke (Organization)","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR","Germany. Bundestag","Freie Deutsche Jugend","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Germany (East). Volkskammer","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands","SPD der DDR","Hill, Thomas","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883","Liebknecht, Karl, 1871-1919","Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich, 1870-1924","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Billhardt, Thomas"],"language_ssim":["German"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:52:46.231Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_100"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_179","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland photograph collection","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_179#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_179#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland (KUD) photograph collection consists of approximately 3,400 photographic prints that document the activities of the KUD, a West German organization that campaigned for reunification. Many of the photographs document the construction of the Berlin Wall and the response of West German citizens, including campaigns, memorials, and exhibitions. There are also photographs of KUD leaders and visits by foreign political leaders. The photographs are almost all black and white prints and range in size from 3 x 4\" to 11 x 17\" with most measuring approximately 5 x 7\".","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_179#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_179","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_179","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_179","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_179","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_179.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland photograph collection","title_ssm":["Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland photograph collection"],"title_tesim":["Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland photograph collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1959-1964"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1959-1964"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland photograph collection"],"text":["Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland photograph collection","C0061","/repositories/2/resources/179","Berlin (Germany : West)","Berlin (Germany : East)","Portraits","Protest movements","Berlin Wall, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989","Photographic prints","Photographs","There are no access restrictions.","Organized by subject.","The KUD was organized on a national, state, and local level and cooperated with all institutions concerned with the \"German Question\": schools, universities, unions, industry, youth organizations, and the media in Germany and internationally. It functioned as an above party lines platform to discuss perspectives of reunification and to organize various campaigns to express the collective desire for unification. Leading members included important ministers of successive governments from all of the main political parties. The work of the KUD focused particularly on Berlin because the organization wanted the West German capital to move from Bonn to Berlin in order to more directly confront the Soviet sphere of influence. The KUD's influence diminished with the advent of Willy Brandt's Ostpolitik in which the two-state status quo was accepted as a fact and basis for a policy of detente in the late 1960s. In 1991 the KUD ceased to exist.","Shortly after the KUD ceased to exist in 1991, Thomas Hill acquired the photograph archives from a former KUD member.","Processed by Jordan Patty in 2010. 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The KUD's influence diminished with the advent of Willy Brandt's Ostpolitik in which the two-state status quo was accepted as a fact and basis for a policy of detente in the late 1960s. 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Each subject category represents a textbook illustration of the existence and activities of this important organization from the late 1950s through the early 1960s.","Consists of approximately 3,400 photographic prints that document the activities of the KUD, a West German organization that campaigned for reunification. The photographs are almost all black and white prints and range in size from 3 x 4\" to 11 x 17\" with most measuring approximately 5 x 7\". 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Many of the photographs document the construction of the Berlin Wall and the response of West German citizens, including campaigns, memorials, and exhibitions. There are also photographs of KUD leaders and visits by foreign political leaders. The photographs are almost all black and white prints and range in size from 3 x 4\" to 11 x 17\" with most measuring approximately 5 x 7\".\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland (KUD) photograph collection consists of approximately 3,400 photographic prints that document the activities of the KUD, a West German organization that campaigned for reunification. Many of the photographs document the construction of the Berlin Wall and the response of West German citizens, including campaigns, memorials, and exhibitions. There are also photographs of KUD leaders and visits by foreign political leaders. 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EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in 2010.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds a large collection of posters that document the history of East Germany from the 1940s through the first elections in the 1990s.","The Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland (KUD) photograph collection consists of approximately 3,400 photographic prints that document the activities of the KUD, a West German organization that campaigned for reunification. Many of the photographs document the construction of the Berlin Wall and the response of West German citizens, including campaings, memorials, and exhibitions. There are also photographs of KUD leaders and visits by foreign political leaders. 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The KUD's influence diminished with the advent of Willy Brandt's Ostpolitik in which the two-state status quo was accepted as a fact and basis for a policy of detente in the late 1960s. In 1991 the KUD ceased to exist."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eShortly after the KUD ceased to exist in 1991, Thomas Hill acquired the photograph archives from a former KUD member.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Shortly after the KUD ceased to exist in 1991, Thomas Hill acquired the photograph archives from a former KUD member."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland photograph collection, C0061, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland photograph collection, C0061, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Jordan Patty in 2010. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in 2010.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Jordan Patty in 2010. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in 2010."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds a large collection of posters that document the history of East Germany from the 1940s through the first elections in the 1990s.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds a large collection of posters that document the history of East Germany from the 1940s through the first elections in the 1990s."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland (KUD) photograph collection consists of approximately 3,400 photographic prints that document the activities of the KUD, a West German organization that campaigned for reunification. Many of the photographs document the construction of the Berlin Wall and the response of West German citizens, including campaings, memorials, and exhibitions. There are also photographs of KUD leaders and visits by foreign political leaders. The photographs are almost all black and white prints and range in size from 3 x 4\" to 11 x 17\" with most measuring approximately 5 x 7\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome of the most spectacular and dramatic images are found in the first three boxes that contain photographs of the Wall's construction and subsequent events that took place during the time of the Cuban missile crisis. Approximately half of the photographs are from professional news agencies, including the Associated Press, the Deutche Presse-Agentus, Aktueller Bilderdienst, and Telegraf/Bankhardt. The KUD members are responsible for the most of the remaining photographs that document their various activities and events. Each subject category represents a textbook illustration of the existence and activities of this important organization from the late 1950s through the early 1960s. \u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eConsists of approximately 3,400 photographic prints that document the activities of the KUD, a West German organization that campaigned for reunification. The photographs are almost all black and white prints and range in size from 3 x 4\" to 11 x 17\" with most measuring approximately 5 x 7\". There are also other materials, including ephemera and a book that features some of the photographs from the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e200 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e200 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e100 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e83 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e55 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e134 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e51 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e16 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e111 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e44 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e98 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e116 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e25 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e30 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e49 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e48 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e79 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e200 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e23 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e105 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e50 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e173 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e179 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e85 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e268 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e400 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e29 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e57 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e181 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e185 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e40 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e42 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e31 photographs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ebook\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland (KUD) photograph collection consists of approximately 3,400 photographic prints that document the activities of the KUD, a West German organization that campaigned for reunification. Many of the photographs document the construction of the Berlin Wall and the response of West German citizens, including campaings, memorials, and exhibitions. There are also photographs of KUD leaders and visits by foreign political leaders. The photographs are almost all black and white prints and range in size from 3 x 4\" to 11 x 17\" with most measuring approximately 5 x 7\".","Some of the most spectacular and dramatic images are found in the first three boxes that contain photographs of the Wall's construction and subsequent events that took place during the time of the Cuban missile crisis. Approximately half of the photographs are from professional news agencies, including the Associated Press, the Deutche Presse-Agentus, Aktueller Bilderdienst, and Telegraf/Bankhardt. The KUD members are responsible for the most of the remaining photographs that document their various activities and events. Each subject category represents a textbook illustration of the existence and activities of this important organization from the late 1950s through the early 1960s.","Consists of approximately 3,400 photographic prints that document the activities of the KUD, a West German organization that campaigned for reunification. The photographs are almost all black and white prints and range in size from 3 x 4\" to 11 x 17\" with most measuring approximately 5 x 7\". There are also other materials, including ephemera and a book that features some of the photographs from the collection.","200 photographs","200 photographs","100 photographs","83 photographs","55 photographs","134 photographs","51 photographs","16 photographs","6 photographs","111 photographs","44 photographs","98 photographs","116 photographs","25 photographs","30 photographs","49 photographs","48 photographs","79 photographs","200 photographs","23 photographs","105 photographs","50 photographs","173 photographs","179 photographs","85 photographs","268 photographs","400 photographs","29 photographs","57 photographs","181 photographs","185 photographs","40 photographs","42 photographs","31 photographs","book"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_cdd845b1323ac3a34175a5ada04fd372\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland (KUD) photograph collection consists of approximately 3,400 photographic prints that document the activities of the KUD, a West German organization that campaigned for reunification. Many of the photographs document the construction of the Berlin Wall and the response of West German citizens, including campaigns, memorials, and exhibitions. There are also photographs of KUD leaders and visits by foreign political leaders. The photographs are almost all black and white prints and range in size from 3 x 4\" to 11 x 17\" with most measuring approximately 5 x 7\".\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland (KUD) photograph collection consists of approximately 3,400 photographic prints that document the activities of the KUD, a West German organization that campaigned for reunification. Many of the photographs document the construction of the Berlin Wall and the response of West German citizens, including campaigns, memorials, and exhibitions. There are also photographs of KUD leaders and visits by foreign political leaders. The photographs are almost all black and white prints and range in size from 3 x 4\" to 11 x 17\" with most measuring approximately 5 x 7\"."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland"],"persname_ssim":["Lübke, Heinrich, 1894-1972","Mende, Erich, 1916-","Schütz, Wilhelm Wolfgang, 1911-","Wehner, Herbert, 1906-1990","Adenauer, Konrad, 1876-1967","Brandt, Willy, 1913-1992","Löbe, Paul, 1875-1967"],"names_coll_ssim":["Lübke, Heinrich, 1894-1972","Mende, Erich, 1916-","Schütz, Wilhelm Wolfgang, 1911-","Wehner, Herbert, 1906-1990","Adenauer, Konrad, 1876-1967","Brandt, Willy, 1913-1992","Löbe, Paul, 1875-1967"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland","Lübke, Heinrich, 1894-1972","Mende, Erich, 1916-","Schütz, Wilhelm Wolfgang, 1911-","Wehner, Herbert, 1906-1990","Adenauer, Konrad, 1876-1967","Brandt, Willy, 1913-1992","Löbe, Paul, 1875-1967"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":37,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:53:08.491Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_179"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9605","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"The Berlin Wall collection, 1968","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9605#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Berlin Wall collection contains one scrapbook including 32 photographs, 17 postcards, 2 newspaper clippings, and 6 pamphlets. 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A booklet entitled \"Es Geschah An Der Mauer (It Happened at the Wall)\" is also included.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["The Berlin Wall collection, 1968"],"collection_ssim":["The Berlin Wall collection, 1968"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 01803","/repositories/2/resources/9605"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 01803","/repositories/2/resources/9605"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Berlin Wall collection was donated by Donald L. 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The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Berlin Wall collection, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["The Berlin Wall collection, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Berlin Wall collection contains one scrapbook including 32 photographs, 17 postcards, 2 newspaper clippings, and 6 pamphlets. A booklet entitled \"Es Geschah An Der Mauer (It Happened at the Wall)\" is also included.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Berlin Wall collection contains one scrapbook including 32 photographs, 17 postcards, 2 newspaper clippings, and 6 pamphlets. A booklet entitled \"Es Geschah An Der Mauer (It Happened at the Wall)\" is also included."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:49:58.131Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9605","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9605","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9605","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9605","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9605.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Berlin Wall collection","title_ssm":["The Berlin Wall collection"],"title_tesim":["The Berlin Wall collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1968"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1968"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1968"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The Berlin Wall collection, 1968"],"text":["The Berlin Wall collection, 1968","SC 01803","/repositories/2/resources/9605","Berlin Wall, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989","Berlin Wall, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989, in literature","The collection is open to all researchers. 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