{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Annexation+%28County+government%29+--+Virginia+--+Chesterfield+County.\u0026view=list","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Annexation+%28County+government%29+--+Virginia+--+Chesterfield+County.\u0026page=1\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":2,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_604","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Henry L. Valentine II papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_604#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Valentine, Henry, II","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_604#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Henry L. Valentine papers, 1970-1989, is a collection of materials used by Valentine during his tenure on the Richmond City Council and as Vice Mayor of Richmond. The papers provide insight into the administrative duties of local government in the Richmond area during the 1970s and 1980s. The materials which cover Valentine's tenure during the years 1977-1978 are of particular note due to the demographic shift of the City Council to include its first-ever Black majority of members. This collection provides a unique look into a local politician's agenda and actions during a time of pivotal changes in the representation of Black citizens of Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_604#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_604","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_604","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_604","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_604","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_604.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Valentine, Henry L., II papers","title_ssm":["Henry L. Valentine II papers"],"title_tesim":["Henry L. Valentine II papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1970-1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1970-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 248","/repositories/5/resources/604"],"text":["M 248","/repositories/5/resources/604","Henry L. Valentine II papers","Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century.","Annexation (County government) -- Virginia -- Chesterfield County.","Annexation (Municipal government) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","The collection is open to research.","The collection is arranged alphabetically by topic and chronologically therein.","Henry L. Valentine II (1927-) is a white financial advisor and politician who served on the Richmond, Virginia City Council (1970-1978) and held the office of Vice Mayor of Richmond (1977-1978). His service as a public representative was punctuated by a significant shift in the demographics of the city council, having elected its first Black majority in 1977. His career was defined by his willingness to work with the new representatives to pass legislation across party lines. ","Valentine was born in Richmond, VA, in 1927. He graduated from the University of Virginia in 1950 and began working for Davenport \u0026 Co., a wealth management and financial advisory service company located in Richmond. Valentine continued to work with the company, becoming its CEO in 1973, a position he held until 1992. He also served as the company's chairman from 1985 to 2013. ","While working for Davenport \u0026 Co., Valentine was elected to serve on the Richmond City Council in 1970, a position he held until 1978. Valentine viewed cooperation as necessary for the city and was known for his willingness to cooperatively create legislation while keeping the needs of the Black population of Richmond in mind. Following federal court-mandated redistricting, the Richmond community elected its first Black majority to the City Council in 1977. The new majority included politicians such as Willie Dell, Walter T. Kenny, and Mayor Henry L. Marsh, Richmond's first Black mayor. Valentine remained as one of the white minority members on the council. During his final years on the city council, Valentine continued to collaborate with the Black majority. He served as Vice Mayor of Richmond from  1977 to1978 alongside Mayor Marsh.","Valentine also served on the University of Virginia's board of visitors, acted as chairman of the Woodberry Forest School, and served as president of several organizations such as the Valentine Richmond History Center, University of Virginia Alumni Association, Children's Hospital of Richmond, Richmond Renaissance, St. Andrew's Association, and Richmond Tennis Association. ","The Henry L. Valentine papers, 1970-1989, is a collection of materials used by Valentine during his tenure on the Richmond City Council and as Vice Mayor of Richmond. 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He also served as the company's chairman from 1985 to 2013. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile working for Davenport \u0026amp; Co., Valentine was elected to serve on the Richmond City Council in 1970, a position he held until 1978. Valentine viewed cooperation as necessary for the city and was known for his willingness to cooperatively create legislation while keeping the needs of the Black population of Richmond in mind. Following federal court-mandated redistricting, the Richmond community elected its first Black majority to the City Council in 1977. The new majority included politicians such as Willie Dell, Walter T. Kenny, and Mayor Henry L. Marsh, Richmond's first Black mayor. Valentine remained as one of the white minority members on the council. During his final years on the city council, Valentine continued to collaborate with the Black majority. He served as Vice Mayor of Richmond from  1977 to1978 alongside Mayor Marsh.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eValentine also served on the University of Virginia's board of visitors, acted as chairman of the Woodberry Forest School, and served as president of several organizations such as the Valentine Richmond History Center, University of Virginia Alumni Association, Children's Hospital of Richmond, Richmond Renaissance, St. Andrew's Association, and Richmond Tennis Association. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Henry L. Valentine II (1927-) is a white financial advisor and politician who served on the Richmond, Virginia City Council (1970-1978) and held the office of Vice Mayor of Richmond (1977-1978). His service as a public representative was punctuated by a significant shift in the demographics of the city council, having elected its first Black majority in 1977. His career was defined by his willingness to work with the new representatives to pass legislation across party lines. ","Valentine was born in Richmond, VA, in 1927. He graduated from the University of Virginia in 1950 and began working for Davenport \u0026 Co., a wealth management and financial advisory service company located in Richmond. Valentine continued to work with the company, becoming its CEO in 1973, a position he held until 1992. He also served as the company's chairman from 1985 to 2013. ","While working for Davenport \u0026 Co., Valentine was elected to serve on the Richmond City Council in 1970, a position he held until 1978. Valentine viewed cooperation as necessary for the city and was known for his willingness to cooperatively create legislation while keeping the needs of the Black population of Richmond in mind. Following federal court-mandated redistricting, the Richmond community elected its first Black majority to the City Council in 1977. The new majority included politicians such as Willie Dell, Walter T. Kenny, and Mayor Henry L. Marsh, Richmond's first Black mayor. Valentine remained as one of the white minority members on the council. During his final years on the city council, Valentine continued to collaborate with the Black majority. He served as Vice Mayor of Richmond from  1977 to1978 alongside Mayor Marsh.","Valentine also served on the University of Virginia's board of visitors, acted as chairman of the Woodberry Forest School, and served as president of several organizations such as the Valentine Richmond History Center, University of Virginia Alumni Association, Children's Hospital of Richmond, Richmond Renaissance, St. Andrew's Association, and Richmond Tennis Association. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenry Valentine papers, 1970-1980, Collection # M 248, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Henry Valentine papers, 1970-1980, Collection # M 248, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Henry L. Valentine papers, 1970-1989, is a collection of materials used by Valentine during his tenure on the Richmond City Council and as Vice Mayor of Richmond. The papers provide insight into the administrative duties of local government in the Richmond area during the 1970s and 1980s. The materials which cover Valentine's tenure during the years 1977-1978 are of particular note due to the demographic shift of the City Council to include its first-ever Black majority of members. 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Valentine II papers","Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government -- 20th century.","Annexation (County government) -- Virginia -- Chesterfield County.","Annexation (Municipal government) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","The collection is open to research.","The collection is arranged alphabetically by topic and chronologically therein.","Henry L. Valentine II (1927-) is a white financial advisor and politician who served on the Richmond, Virginia City Council (1970-1978) and held the office of Vice Mayor of Richmond (1977-1978). His service as a public representative was punctuated by a significant shift in the demographics of the city council, having elected its first Black majority in 1977. His career was defined by his willingness to work with the new representatives to pass legislation across party lines. ","Valentine was born in Richmond, VA, in 1927. He graduated from the University of Virginia in 1950 and began working for Davenport \u0026 Co., a wealth management and financial advisory service company located in Richmond. Valentine continued to work with the company, becoming its CEO in 1973, a position he held until 1992. He also served as the company's chairman from 1985 to 2013. ","While working for Davenport \u0026 Co., Valentine was elected to serve on the Richmond City Council in 1970, a position he held until 1978. Valentine viewed cooperation as necessary for the city and was known for his willingness to cooperatively create legislation while keeping the needs of the Black population of Richmond in mind. Following federal court-mandated redistricting, the Richmond community elected its first Black majority to the City Council in 1977. The new majority included politicians such as Willie Dell, Walter T. Kenny, and Mayor Henry L. Marsh, Richmond's first Black mayor. Valentine remained as one of the white minority members on the council. During his final years on the city council, Valentine continued to collaborate with the Black majority. He served as Vice Mayor of Richmond from  1977 to1978 alongside Mayor Marsh.","Valentine also served on the University of Virginia's board of visitors, acted as chairman of the Woodberry Forest School, and served as president of several organizations such as the Valentine Richmond History Center, University of Virginia Alumni Association, Children's Hospital of Richmond, Richmond Renaissance, St. Andrew's Association, and Richmond Tennis Association. ","The Henry L. Valentine papers, 1970-1989, is a collection of materials used by Valentine during his tenure on the Richmond City Council and as Vice Mayor of Richmond. The papers provide insight into the administrative duties of local government in the Richmond area during the 1970s and 1980s. 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The speeches cover a variety of political positions on pressing issues such as the city government's changing demographics, the Richmond Water Control Board, taxation, and Richmond's annexation of land from Chesterfield County. ","Other files of note include Valentine's election strategy files for the 1977 City Council election, voting statistics and analyses, and files regarding various court cases involving local politicians and public figures.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond (Va.). City Council","Valentine, Henry, II","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 248","/repositories/5/resources/604"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Henry L. Valentine II papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Henry L. Valentine II papers"],"collection_ssim":["Henry L. 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Valentine II (1927-) is a white financial advisor and politician who served on the Richmond, Virginia City Council (1970-1978) and held the office of Vice Mayor of Richmond (1977-1978). His service as a public representative was punctuated by a significant shift in the demographics of the city council, having elected its first Black majority in 1977. His career was defined by his willingness to work with the new representatives to pass legislation across party lines. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eValentine was born in Richmond, VA, in 1927. He graduated from the University of Virginia in 1950 and began working for Davenport \u0026amp; Co., a wealth management and financial advisory service company located in Richmond. Valentine continued to work with the company, becoming its CEO in 1973, a position he held until 1992. He also served as the company's chairman from 1985 to 2013. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile working for Davenport \u0026amp; Co., Valentine was elected to serve on the Richmond City Council in 1970, a position he held until 1978. Valentine viewed cooperation as necessary for the city and was known for his willingness to cooperatively create legislation while keeping the needs of the Black population of Richmond in mind. Following federal court-mandated redistricting, the Richmond community elected its first Black majority to the City Council in 1977. The new majority included politicians such as Willie Dell, Walter T. Kenny, and Mayor Henry L. Marsh, Richmond's first Black mayor. Valentine remained as one of the white minority members on the council. During his final years on the city council, Valentine continued to collaborate with the Black majority. 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"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenry Valentine papers, 1970-1980, Collection # M 248, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Henry Valentine papers, 1970-1980, Collection # M 248, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Henry L. Valentine papers, 1970-1989, is a collection of materials used by Valentine during his tenure on the Richmond City Council and as Vice Mayor of Richmond. The papers provide insight into the administrative duties of local government in the Richmond area during the 1970s and 1980s. The materials which cover Valentine's tenure during the years 1977-1978 are of particular note due to the demographic shift of the City Council to include its first-ever Black majority of members. 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"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":34,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:15:57.245Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_604"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_83","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Richmond annexation files","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_83#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe materials cover the period 1942 to 1976 with the majority of the collection focusing on the period 1969-1975. Primarily notes, briefs, motions, replies and questions, the documents reflect the scope of the annexation trials of the 1970s of the City of Richmond. A large portion of the materials are not dated and others, because of the interdependency of the multiple trials described above, are as easily placed in one series as another. Documentation that may be of interest aside from the trial proceedings include; comparative population studies, master plans, financial reports for the City of Richmond, school board budgets and reports, and city budgets.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_83#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_83","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_83","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_83","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_83","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_83.xml","title_ssm":["Richmond annexation files"],"title_tesim":["Richmond annexation files"],"unitdate_ssm":["1942-1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1942-1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 183","/repositories/5/resources/83"],"text":["M 183","/repositories/5/resources/83","Richmond annexation files","Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government.","Chesterfield County (Va.) -- Politics and government.","Annexation (County government) -- Virginia -- Chesterfield County.","Annexation (Municipal government) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Regional planning -- Virginia -- Richmond Metropolitan Area.","Collection is open for use without restrictions.","Materials arranged in chronological order. The collection has been weeded and arranged as closely as possible to reflect the separate legal actions involved in the annexation of Chesterfield County and subsequent legal actions. Since the processing has occurred over time many of the folder headings do not accurately reflect the contents of the folders. The guide headings and folder numbers correspond to the actual folder numbers and contents. Although mistakes in arrangement have probably been made (there are some marked Holt III and IV for which there is no description) considerable effort has been expended to make the materials understandable.","The legal battles fought over the 1970 Richmond annexation are considered by many observers, including attorneys in the U.S. Justice Department, as the most complex, prolonged, and far-reaching of any legal action triggered by municipal boundary expansion. For the Richmond power structure, the Holt suits quickly became much more than minor irritants. They had the potential to radically change the city's political landscape. What in past years involved fairly simple and straightforward strategies designed to maintain the political status quo now required, given the sophisticated legal challenges that Curtis Holt mounted against the city, equally sophisticated legal responses. The long cycle of action-response-reaction that characterized the sequence of events in the he courts was emotionally draining on both the participants and the observers. The information generated by the tedious research undertaken by attorneys for each side of the suits and by consultants versed in urban and regional planning, economics, and public administration, plus the lengthy depositions and courtroom hearings was comparable to that of a small library. The legal battle was made more complicated by the intricate routes traveled by the litigants and the fact that the routes at different points crossed each other, ran parallel to each other, and diverged at right angles. Journalists covering the cases over the years were hard pressed to summarize the proceedings in an intelligible fashion, as each year one case became more complicated or else was set aside as another equally complex case, was begun.","The litigation began in February 1971 was Curtis Holt initiated his first suit contesting the annexation on constitutional grounds, and concluded over five and a half years later in November 1976 following a second Holt suit and a suit brought by the city. Litigation over annexation led to a U.S. Supreme Court order suspending local elections in Richmond that lasted five years and enabled the 1970 council, which was to serve until 1972, to continue in power for almost seven years. The arguments surrounding the various suits were presented to six different judicial bodies, the U.S. District Court in Richmond, a three judge district court in Richmond, a three judge district court in Washington, D.C., a Special Master in Washington, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, and the U.S. Supreme Court...Holt's first suit (Holt I) against the city was successfully argued before the U.S. District Court in Richmond. The city, however, was successful in overturning the decision in the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals. Holt's response was an appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court, but the high court denied the writ.","Prior to the termination of the first suit, Holt brought a second suit (Holt II) against the city. Holt II was stayed by the federal court, though no before the Supreme Court had enjoined further city council elections. What prevented Holt II from moving forward was a suit which the city filed.","\"The city's suit was itself complex, notwithstanding the confusion which was generated by the combination of the city's suit, Holt I, and Holt II. The city's suit was brought before a special three judge District Court in Washington which referred it to a Special Master for hearings and recommendations. Upon receiving the recommendation of the Master, the Washington court ruled against the city. The city appealed to the Supreme Court where, by Unanimous vote, the justices held that there was racial motive for the annexation. The Court also ruled, however, that, given the single-member council districts (Richmond had developed such a plan) and justifiable reasons such as economic or administrative benefits reaped by the city from the annexed area, the city could retain the annexed area. But, the city had to prove that such justifiable reasons existed and, moreover, had to revert to ward representation.","The Supreme Court returned the case to the Washington District Court to determine whether verifiable reasons did exist. The Washington Court, once again, referred the case to the Special Master. The Master found that the city could prove that it received economic and administrative benefits from the annexed area and recommended, therefore, that the city retain the area. The Washington Court agreed with the recommendation of the Master and affirmed the annexation.","After conferring with members of the city's black community and deciding that appeals and other legal action were only delaying the reinstatement of councilmanic elections, Holt did not appeal the decision to the Supreme Court...With the City's suit resolved, the injunction against elections were lifted and local elections were called for March 1, 1977. Furthermore, Holt II, which was stayed pending the outcome of the city's suit, was withdrawn by the Richmond District Court upon the request of both the city and Curtis Holt. -Excerpted from The Politics of Annexation, p. 11-14.","The materials cover the period 1942 to 1976 with the majority of the collection focusing on the period 1969-1975. Primarily notes, briefs, motions, replies and questions, the documents reflect the scope of the annexation trials of the 1970s of the City of Richmond. A large portion of the materials are not dated and others, because of the interdependency of the multiple trials described above, are as easily placed in one series as another. Documentation that may be of interest aside from the trial proceedings include; comparative population studies, master plans, financial reports for the City of Richmond, school board budgets and reports, and city budgets.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 183","/repositories/5/resources/83"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richmond annexation files"],"collection_title_tesim":["Richmond annexation files"],"collection_ssim":["Richmond annexation files"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government.","Chesterfield County (Va.) -- Politics and government."],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government.","Chesterfield County (Va.) -- Politics and government."],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government.","Chesterfield County (Va.) -- Politics and government."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The materials were originally deposited in the Department by John V. Moeser and Rutledge M. Dennis who used the materials to write The Politics of Annexation : Oligarchic Power in a Southern City (1982). The materials were then given to the Department by W.H.C. Venable, the primary lawyer involved in the trials, in 1983."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Annexation (County government) -- Virginia -- Chesterfield County.","Annexation (Municipal government) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Regional planning -- Virginia -- Richmond Metropolitan Area."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Annexation (County government) -- Virginia -- Chesterfield County.","Annexation (Municipal government) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Regional planning -- Virginia -- Richmond Metropolitan Area."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["18.2 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["18.2 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for use without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials arranged in chronological order. The collection has been weeded and arranged as closely as possible to reflect the separate legal actions involved in the annexation of Chesterfield County and subsequent legal actions. Since the processing has occurred over time many of the folder headings do not accurately reflect the contents of the folders. The guide headings and folder numbers correspond to the actual folder numbers and contents. Although mistakes in arrangement have probably been made (there are some marked Holt III and IV for which there is no description) considerable effort has been expended to make the materials understandable.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials arranged in chronological order. The collection has been weeded and arranged as closely as possible to reflect the separate legal actions involved in the annexation of Chesterfield County and subsequent legal actions. Since the processing has occurred over time many of the folder headings do not accurately reflect the contents of the folders. The guide headings and folder numbers correspond to the actual folder numbers and contents. Although mistakes in arrangement have probably been made (there are some marked Holt III and IV for which there is no description) considerable effort has been expended to make the materials understandable."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe legal battles fought over the 1970 Richmond annexation are considered by many observers, including attorneys in the U.S. Justice Department, as the most complex, prolonged, and far-reaching of any legal action triggered by municipal boundary expansion. For the Richmond power structure, the Holt suits quickly became much more than minor irritants. They had the potential to radically change the city's political landscape. What in past years involved fairly simple and straightforward strategies designed to maintain the political status quo now required, given the sophisticated legal challenges that Curtis Holt mounted against the city, equally sophisticated legal responses. The long cycle of action-response-reaction that characterized the sequence of events in the he courts was emotionally draining on both the participants and the observers. The information generated by the tedious research undertaken by attorneys for each side of the suits and by consultants versed in urban and regional planning, economics, and public administration, plus the lengthy depositions and courtroom hearings was comparable to that of a small library. The legal battle was made more complicated by the intricate routes traveled by the litigants and the fact that the routes at different points crossed each other, ran parallel to each other, and diverged at right angles. Journalists covering the cases over the years were hard pressed to summarize the proceedings in an intelligible fashion, as each year one case became more complicated or else was set aside as another equally complex case, was begun.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe litigation began in February 1971 was Curtis Holt initiated his first suit contesting the annexation on constitutional grounds, and concluded over five and a half years later in November 1976 following a second Holt suit and a suit brought by the city. Litigation over annexation led to a U.S. Supreme Court order suspending local elections in Richmond that lasted five years and enabled the 1970 council, which was to serve until 1972, to continue in power for almost seven years. The arguments surrounding the various suits were presented to six different judicial bodies, the U.S. District Court in Richmond, a three judge district court in Richmond, a three judge district court in Washington, D.C., a Special Master in Washington, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, and the U.S. Supreme Court...Holt's first suit (Holt I) against the city was successfully argued before the U.S. District Court in Richmond. The city, however, was successful in overturning the decision in the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals. Holt's response was an appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court, but the high court denied the writ.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePrior to the termination of the first suit, Holt brought a second suit (Holt II) against the city. Holt II was stayed by the federal court, though no before the Supreme Court had enjoined further city council elections. What prevented Holt II from moving forward was a suit which the city filed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"The city's suit was itself complex, notwithstanding the confusion which was generated by the combination of the city's suit, Holt I, and Holt II. The city's suit was brought before a special three judge District Court in Washington which referred it to a Special Master for hearings and recommendations. Upon receiving the recommendation of the Master, the Washington court ruled against the city. The city appealed to the Supreme Court where, by Unanimous vote, the justices held that there was racial motive for the annexation. The Court also ruled, however, that, given the single-member council districts (Richmond had developed such a plan) and justifiable reasons such as economic or administrative benefits reaped by the city from the annexed area, the city could retain the annexed area. But, the city had to prove that such justifiable reasons existed and, moreover, had to revert to ward representation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Supreme Court returned the case to the Washington District Court to determine whether verifiable reasons did exist. The Washington Court, once again, referred the case to the Special Master. The Master found that the city could prove that it received economic and administrative benefits from the annexed area and recommended, therefore, that the city retain the area. The Washington Court agreed with the recommendation of the Master and affirmed the annexation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter conferring with members of the city's black community and deciding that appeals and other legal action were only delaying the reinstatement of councilmanic elections, Holt did not appeal the decision to the Supreme Court...With the City's suit resolved, the injunction against elections were lifted and local elections were called for March 1, 1977. Furthermore, Holt II, which was stayed pending the outcome of the city's suit, was withdrawn by the Richmond District Court upon the request of both the city and Curtis Holt. -Excerpted from The Politics of Annexation, p. 11-14.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The legal battles fought over the 1970 Richmond annexation are considered by many observers, including attorneys in the U.S. Justice Department, as the most complex, prolonged, and far-reaching of any legal action triggered by municipal boundary expansion. For the Richmond power structure, the Holt suits quickly became much more than minor irritants. They had the potential to radically change the city's political landscape. What in past years involved fairly simple and straightforward strategies designed to maintain the political status quo now required, given the sophisticated legal challenges that Curtis Holt mounted against the city, equally sophisticated legal responses. The long cycle of action-response-reaction that characterized the sequence of events in the he courts was emotionally draining on both the participants and the observers. The information generated by the tedious research undertaken by attorneys for each side of the suits and by consultants versed in urban and regional planning, economics, and public administration, plus the lengthy depositions and courtroom hearings was comparable to that of a small library. The legal battle was made more complicated by the intricate routes traveled by the litigants and the fact that the routes at different points crossed each other, ran parallel to each other, and diverged at right angles. Journalists covering the cases over the years were hard pressed to summarize the proceedings in an intelligible fashion, as each year one case became more complicated or else was set aside as another equally complex case, was begun.","The litigation began in February 1971 was Curtis Holt initiated his first suit contesting the annexation on constitutional grounds, and concluded over five and a half years later in November 1976 following a second Holt suit and a suit brought by the city. Litigation over annexation led to a U.S. Supreme Court order suspending local elections in Richmond that lasted five years and enabled the 1970 council, which was to serve until 1972, to continue in power for almost seven years. The arguments surrounding the various suits were presented to six different judicial bodies, the U.S. District Court in Richmond, a three judge district court in Richmond, a three judge district court in Washington, D.C., a Special Master in Washington, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, and the U.S. Supreme Court...Holt's first suit (Holt I) against the city was successfully argued before the U.S. District Court in Richmond. The city, however, was successful in overturning the decision in the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals. Holt's response was an appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court, but the high court denied the writ.","Prior to the termination of the first suit, Holt brought a second suit (Holt II) against the city. Holt II was stayed by the federal court, though no before the Supreme Court had enjoined further city council elections. What prevented Holt II from moving forward was a suit which the city filed.","\"The city's suit was itself complex, notwithstanding the confusion which was generated by the combination of the city's suit, Holt I, and Holt II. The city's suit was brought before a special three judge District Court in Washington which referred it to a Special Master for hearings and recommendations. Upon receiving the recommendation of the Master, the Washington court ruled against the city. The city appealed to the Supreme Court where, by Unanimous vote, the justices held that there was racial motive for the annexation. The Court also ruled, however, that, given the single-member council districts (Richmond had developed such a plan) and justifiable reasons such as economic or administrative benefits reaped by the city from the annexed area, the city could retain the annexed area. But, the city had to prove that such justifiable reasons existed and, moreover, had to revert to ward representation.","The Supreme Court returned the case to the Washington District Court to determine whether verifiable reasons did exist. The Washington Court, once again, referred the case to the Special Master. The Master found that the city could prove that it received economic and administrative benefits from the annexed area and recommended, therefore, that the city retain the area. The Washington Court agreed with the recommendation of the Master and affirmed the annexation.","After conferring with members of the city's black community and deciding that appeals and other legal action were only delaying the reinstatement of councilmanic elections, Holt did not appeal the decision to the Supreme Court...With the City's suit resolved, the injunction against elections were lifted and local elections were called for March 1, 1977. Furthermore, Holt II, which was stayed pending the outcome of the city's suit, was withdrawn by the Richmond District Court upon the request of both the city and Curtis Holt. -Excerpted from The Politics of Annexation, p. 11-14."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, Richmond Annexation Files, M 183, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, Richmond Annexation Files, M 183, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials cover the period 1942 to 1976 with the majority of the collection focusing on the period 1969-1975. Primarily notes, briefs, motions, replies and questions, the documents reflect the scope of the annexation trials of the 1970s of the City of Richmond. A large portion of the materials are not dated and others, because of the interdependency of the multiple trials described above, are as easily placed in one series as another. Documentation that may be of interest aside from the trial proceedings include; comparative population studies, master plans, financial reports for the City of Richmond, school board budgets and reports, and city budgets.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The materials cover the period 1942 to 1976 with the majority of the collection focusing on the period 1969-1975. Primarily notes, briefs, motions, replies and questions, the documents reflect the scope of the annexation trials of the 1970s of the City of Richmond. A large portion of the materials are not dated and others, because of the interdependency of the multiple trials described above, are as easily placed in one series as another. Documentation that may be of interest aside from the trial proceedings include; comparative population studies, master plans, financial reports for the City of Richmond, school board budgets and reports, and city budgets."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":392,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:18:16.616Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_83","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_83","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_83","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_83","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_83.xml","title_ssm":["Richmond annexation files"],"title_tesim":["Richmond annexation files"],"unitdate_ssm":["1942-1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1942-1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 183","/repositories/5/resources/83"],"text":["M 183","/repositories/5/resources/83","Richmond annexation files","Richmond (Va.) -- Politics and government.","Chesterfield County (Va.) -- Politics and government.","Annexation (County government) -- Virginia -- Chesterfield County.","Annexation (Municipal government) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Regional planning -- Virginia -- Richmond Metropolitan Area.","Collection is open for use without restrictions.","Materials arranged in chronological order. The collection has been weeded and arranged as closely as possible to reflect the separate legal actions involved in the annexation of Chesterfield County and subsequent legal actions. Since the processing has occurred over time many of the folder headings do not accurately reflect the contents of the folders. The guide headings and folder numbers correspond to the actual folder numbers and contents. Although mistakes in arrangement have probably been made (there are some marked Holt III and IV for which there is no description) considerable effort has been expended to make the materials understandable.","The legal battles fought over the 1970 Richmond annexation are considered by many observers, including attorneys in the U.S. Justice Department, as the most complex, prolonged, and far-reaching of any legal action triggered by municipal boundary expansion. For the Richmond power structure, the Holt suits quickly became much more than minor irritants. They had the potential to radically change the city's political landscape. What in past years involved fairly simple and straightforward strategies designed to maintain the political status quo now required, given the sophisticated legal challenges that Curtis Holt mounted against the city, equally sophisticated legal responses. The long cycle of action-response-reaction that characterized the sequence of events in the he courts was emotionally draining on both the participants and the observers. The information generated by the tedious research undertaken by attorneys for each side of the suits and by consultants versed in urban and regional planning, economics, and public administration, plus the lengthy depositions and courtroom hearings was comparable to that of a small library. The legal battle was made more complicated by the intricate routes traveled by the litigants and the fact that the routes at different points crossed each other, ran parallel to each other, and diverged at right angles. Journalists covering the cases over the years were hard pressed to summarize the proceedings in an intelligible fashion, as each year one case became more complicated or else was set aside as another equally complex case, was begun.","The litigation began in February 1971 was Curtis Holt initiated his first suit contesting the annexation on constitutional grounds, and concluded over five and a half years later in November 1976 following a second Holt suit and a suit brought by the city. Litigation over annexation led to a U.S. Supreme Court order suspending local elections in Richmond that lasted five years and enabled the 1970 council, which was to serve until 1972, to continue in power for almost seven years. The arguments surrounding the various suits were presented to six different judicial bodies, the U.S. District Court in Richmond, a three judge district court in Richmond, a three judge district court in Washington, D.C., a Special Master in Washington, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, and the U.S. Supreme Court...Holt's first suit (Holt I) against the city was successfully argued before the U.S. District Court in Richmond. The city, however, was successful in overturning the decision in the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals. Holt's response was an appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court, but the high court denied the writ.","Prior to the termination of the first suit, Holt brought a second suit (Holt II) against the city. Holt II was stayed by the federal court, though no before the Supreme Court had enjoined further city council elections. What prevented Holt II from moving forward was a suit which the city filed.","\"The city's suit was itself complex, notwithstanding the confusion which was generated by the combination of the city's suit, Holt I, and Holt II. The city's suit was brought before a special three judge District Court in Washington which referred it to a Special Master for hearings and recommendations. Upon receiving the recommendation of the Master, the Washington court ruled against the city. The city appealed to the Supreme Court where, by Unanimous vote, the justices held that there was racial motive for the annexation. The Court also ruled, however, that, given the single-member council districts (Richmond had developed such a plan) and justifiable reasons such as economic or administrative benefits reaped by the city from the annexed area, the city could retain the annexed area. But, the city had to prove that such justifiable reasons existed and, moreover, had to revert to ward representation.","The Supreme Court returned the case to the Washington District Court to determine whether verifiable reasons did exist. The Washington Court, once again, referred the case to the Special Master. The Master found that the city could prove that it received economic and administrative benefits from the annexed area and recommended, therefore, that the city retain the area. The Washington Court agreed with the recommendation of the Master and affirmed the annexation.","After conferring with members of the city's black community and deciding that appeals and other legal action were only delaying the reinstatement of councilmanic elections, Holt did not appeal the decision to the Supreme Court...With the City's suit resolved, the injunction against elections were lifted and local elections were called for March 1, 1977. Furthermore, Holt II, which was stayed pending the outcome of the city's suit, was withdrawn by the Richmond District Court upon the request of both the city and Curtis Holt. -Excerpted from The Politics of Annexation, p. 11-14.","The materials cover the period 1942 to 1976 with the majority of the collection focusing on the period 1969-1975. Primarily notes, briefs, motions, replies and questions, the documents reflect the scope of the annexation trials of the 1970s of the City of Richmond. A large portion of the materials are not dated and others, because of the interdependency of the multiple trials described above, are as easily placed in one series as another. Documentation that may be of interest aside from the trial proceedings include; comparative population studies, master plans, financial reports for the City of Richmond, school board budgets and reports, and city budgets.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","English \n.    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The materials were then given to the Department by W.H.C. Venable, the primary lawyer involved in the trials, in 1983."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Annexation (County government) -- Virginia -- Chesterfield County.","Annexation (Municipal government) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Regional planning -- Virginia -- Richmond Metropolitan Area."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Annexation (County government) -- Virginia -- Chesterfield County.","Annexation (Municipal government) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Regional planning -- Virginia -- Richmond Metropolitan Area."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["18.2 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["18.2 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for use without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials arranged in chronological order. The collection has been weeded and arranged as closely as possible to reflect the separate legal actions involved in the annexation of Chesterfield County and subsequent legal actions. Since the processing has occurred over time many of the folder headings do not accurately reflect the contents of the folders. The guide headings and folder numbers correspond to the actual folder numbers and contents. Although mistakes in arrangement have probably been made (there are some marked Holt III and IV for which there is no description) considerable effort has been expended to make the materials understandable.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials arranged in chronological order. The collection has been weeded and arranged as closely as possible to reflect the separate legal actions involved in the annexation of Chesterfield County and subsequent legal actions. Since the processing has occurred over time many of the folder headings do not accurately reflect the contents of the folders. The guide headings and folder numbers correspond to the actual folder numbers and contents. Although mistakes in arrangement have probably been made (there are some marked Holt III and IV for which there is no description) considerable effort has been expended to make the materials understandable."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe legal battles fought over the 1970 Richmond annexation are considered by many observers, including attorneys in the U.S. Justice Department, as the most complex, prolonged, and far-reaching of any legal action triggered by municipal boundary expansion. For the Richmond power structure, the Holt suits quickly became much more than minor irritants. They had the potential to radically change the city's political landscape. What in past years involved fairly simple and straightforward strategies designed to maintain the political status quo now required, given the sophisticated legal challenges that Curtis Holt mounted against the city, equally sophisticated legal responses. The long cycle of action-response-reaction that characterized the sequence of events in the he courts was emotionally draining on both the participants and the observers. The information generated by the tedious research undertaken by attorneys for each side of the suits and by consultants versed in urban and regional planning, economics, and public administration, plus the lengthy depositions and courtroom hearings was comparable to that of a small library. The legal battle was made more complicated by the intricate routes traveled by the litigants and the fact that the routes at different points crossed each other, ran parallel to each other, and diverged at right angles. Journalists covering the cases over the years were hard pressed to summarize the proceedings in an intelligible fashion, as each year one case became more complicated or else was set aside as another equally complex case, was begun.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe litigation began in February 1971 was Curtis Holt initiated his first suit contesting the annexation on constitutional grounds, and concluded over five and a half years later in November 1976 following a second Holt suit and a suit brought by the city. Litigation over annexation led to a U.S. Supreme Court order suspending local elections in Richmond that lasted five years and enabled the 1970 council, which was to serve until 1972, to continue in power for almost seven years. The arguments surrounding the various suits were presented to six different judicial bodies, the U.S. District Court in Richmond, a three judge district court in Richmond, a three judge district court in Washington, D.C., a Special Master in Washington, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, and the U.S. Supreme Court...Holt's first suit (Holt I) against the city was successfully argued before the U.S. District Court in Richmond. The city, however, was successful in overturning the decision in the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals. Holt's response was an appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court, but the high court denied the writ.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePrior to the termination of the first suit, Holt brought a second suit (Holt II) against the city. Holt II was stayed by the federal court, though no before the Supreme Court had enjoined further city council elections. What prevented Holt II from moving forward was a suit which the city filed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"The city's suit was itself complex, notwithstanding the confusion which was generated by the combination of the city's suit, Holt I, and Holt II. The city's suit was brought before a special three judge District Court in Washington which referred it to a Special Master for hearings and recommendations. Upon receiving the recommendation of the Master, the Washington court ruled against the city. The city appealed to the Supreme Court where, by Unanimous vote, the justices held that there was racial motive for the annexation. The Court also ruled, however, that, given the single-member council districts (Richmond had developed such a plan) and justifiable reasons such as economic or administrative benefits reaped by the city from the annexed area, the city could retain the annexed area. But, the city had to prove that such justifiable reasons existed and, moreover, had to revert to ward representation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Supreme Court returned the case to the Washington District Court to determine whether verifiable reasons did exist. The Washington Court, once again, referred the case to the Special Master. The Master found that the city could prove that it received economic and administrative benefits from the annexed area and recommended, therefore, that the city retain the area. The Washington Court agreed with the recommendation of the Master and affirmed the annexation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter conferring with members of the city's black community and deciding that appeals and other legal action were only delaying the reinstatement of councilmanic elections, Holt did not appeal the decision to the Supreme Court...With the City's suit resolved, the injunction against elections were lifted and local elections were called for March 1, 1977. Furthermore, Holt II, which was stayed pending the outcome of the city's suit, was withdrawn by the Richmond District Court upon the request of both the city and Curtis Holt. -Excerpted from The Politics of Annexation, p. 11-14.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The legal battles fought over the 1970 Richmond annexation are considered by many observers, including attorneys in the U.S. Justice Department, as the most complex, prolonged, and far-reaching of any legal action triggered by municipal boundary expansion. For the Richmond power structure, the Holt suits quickly became much more than minor irritants. They had the potential to radically change the city's political landscape. What in past years involved fairly simple and straightforward strategies designed to maintain the political status quo now required, given the sophisticated legal challenges that Curtis Holt mounted against the city, equally sophisticated legal responses. The long cycle of action-response-reaction that characterized the sequence of events in the he courts was emotionally draining on both the participants and the observers. The information generated by the tedious research undertaken by attorneys for each side of the suits and by consultants versed in urban and regional planning, economics, and public administration, plus the lengthy depositions and courtroom hearings was comparable to that of a small library. The legal battle was made more complicated by the intricate routes traveled by the litigants and the fact that the routes at different points crossed each other, ran parallel to each other, and diverged at right angles. Journalists covering the cases over the years were hard pressed to summarize the proceedings in an intelligible fashion, as each year one case became more complicated or else was set aside as another equally complex case, was begun.","The litigation began in February 1971 was Curtis Holt initiated his first suit contesting the annexation on constitutional grounds, and concluded over five and a half years later in November 1976 following a second Holt suit and a suit brought by the city. Litigation over annexation led to a U.S. Supreme Court order suspending local elections in Richmond that lasted five years and enabled the 1970 council, which was to serve until 1972, to continue in power for almost seven years. The arguments surrounding the various suits were presented to six different judicial bodies, the U.S. District Court in Richmond, a three judge district court in Richmond, a three judge district court in Washington, D.C., a Special Master in Washington, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, and the U.S. Supreme Court...Holt's first suit (Holt I) against the city was successfully argued before the U.S. District Court in Richmond. The city, however, was successful in overturning the decision in the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals. Holt's response was an appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court, but the high court denied the writ.","Prior to the termination of the first suit, Holt brought a second suit (Holt II) against the city. Holt II was stayed by the federal court, though no before the Supreme Court had enjoined further city council elections. What prevented Holt II from moving forward was a suit which the city filed.","\"The city's suit was itself complex, notwithstanding the confusion which was generated by the combination of the city's suit, Holt I, and Holt II. The city's suit was brought before a special three judge District Court in Washington which referred it to a Special Master for hearings and recommendations. Upon receiving the recommendation of the Master, the Washington court ruled against the city. The city appealed to the Supreme Court where, by Unanimous vote, the justices held that there was racial motive for the annexation. The Court also ruled, however, that, given the single-member council districts (Richmond had developed such a plan) and justifiable reasons such as economic or administrative benefits reaped by the city from the annexed area, the city could retain the annexed area. But, the city had to prove that such justifiable reasons existed and, moreover, had to revert to ward representation.","The Supreme Court returned the case to the Washington District Court to determine whether verifiable reasons did exist. The Washington Court, once again, referred the case to the Special Master. The Master found that the city could prove that it received economic and administrative benefits from the annexed area and recommended, therefore, that the city retain the area. The Washington Court agreed with the recommendation of the Master and affirmed the annexation.","After conferring with members of the city's black community and deciding that appeals and other legal action were only delaying the reinstatement of councilmanic elections, Holt did not appeal the decision to the Supreme Court...With the City's suit resolved, the injunction against elections were lifted and local elections were called for March 1, 1977. Furthermore, Holt II, which was stayed pending the outcome of the city's suit, was withdrawn by the Richmond District Court upon the request of both the city and Curtis Holt. -Excerpted from The Politics of Annexation, p. 11-14."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, Richmond Annexation Files, M 183, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, Richmond Annexation Files, M 183, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials cover the period 1942 to 1976 with the majority of the collection focusing on the period 1969-1975. Primarily notes, briefs, motions, replies and questions, the documents reflect the scope of the annexation trials of the 1970s of the City of Richmond. A large portion of the materials are not dated and others, because of the interdependency of the multiple trials described above, are as easily placed in one series as another. Documentation that may be of interest aside from the trial proceedings include; comparative population studies, master plans, financial reports for the City of Richmond, school board budgets and reports, and city budgets.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The materials cover the period 1942 to 1976 with the majority of the collection focusing on the period 1969-1975. Primarily notes, briefs, motions, replies and questions, the documents reflect the scope of the annexation trials of the 1970s of the City of Richmond. A large portion of the materials are not dated and others, because of the interdependency of the multiple trials described above, are as easily placed in one series as another. Documentation that may be of interest aside from the trial proceedings include; comparative population studies, master plans, financial reports for the City of Richmond, school board budgets and reports, and city budgets."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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