{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Agriculture\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1868\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Agriculture\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1868\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":3,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4023","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Kammerer Family Business Collection","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4023#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Kammerer, Joseph ","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4023#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection consists of the family business papers, primarily of John Kammerer and his son, Joseph Kammerer. 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","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection consists of the family business papers, primarily of John Kammerer and his son, Joseph Kammerer. In addtion, there is material from George W. Jones (likely a business parter or associate) and genearl corresponse relating to the family businesses. 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","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . ","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by Special Collections in two accruals in April 2018 and April 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture","Cocktails -- History","Cocktail History Collection","Food Technology and Production","History of Food and Drink"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture","Cocktails -- History","Cocktail History Collection","Food Technology and Production","History of Food and Drink"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.7 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.7 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is separated in to three series: Correspondence, Administrative, and Financial. 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","More information: http://pre-prowhiskeymen.blogspot.com/2022/04/how-kammerers-created-pennsylvania-town.html; http://www.pa-roots.org/data/read.php?811,444023"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Kammerer Family Business Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Kammerer Family Business Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Kammerer Family Business Collection, 1842-1914, Ms2022-079, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Kammerer Family Business Collection, 1842-1914, Ms2022-079, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Kammerer Family Business Collection was completed in December 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Kammerer Family Business Collection was completed in December 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the family business papers, primarily of John Kammerer and his son, Joseph Kammerer. 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The documents in this collection reflect the operations and management of the Kammerer family land, farm, and businesses, which included, a various points: an inn/tavern, a grain mill, a distillery, and a dry goods store."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis colletion is in the public domain. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This colletion is in the public domain. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . ","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d3df42b199000694be35ee0543a42c3c\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection consists of the family business papers, primarily of John Kammerer and his son, Joseph Kammerer. In addtion, there is material from George W. Jones (likely a business parter or associate) and genearl corresponse relating to the family businesses. Materials date from 1842 to 1914, thought most items are from before 1900.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of the family business papers, primarily of John Kammerer and his son, Joseph Kammerer. In addtion, there is material from George W. Jones (likely a business parter or associate) and genearl corresponse relating to the family businesses. Materials date from 1842 to 1914, thought most items are from before 1900."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Kammerer, Joseph "],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Kammerer, Joseph "],"language_ssim":["Materials in this collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":30,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:11:04.346Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4023","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4023","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4023","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4023","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4023.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Kammerer Family Business Collection","title_ssm":["Kammerer Family Business Collection"],"title_tesim":["Kammerer Family Business Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1842-1914"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1842-1914"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2022.079"],"text":["Ms.2022.079","Kammerer Family Business Collection","Agriculture","Cocktails -- History","Cocktail History Collection","Food Technology and Production","History of Food and Drink","The collection is open for research.","This collection is separated in to three series: Correspondence, Administrative, and Financial. 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Materials date from 1842 to 1914, thought most items are from before 1900. The documents in this collection reflect the operations and management of the Kammerer family land, farm, and businesses, which included, a various points: an inn/tavern, a grain mill, a distillery, and a dry goods store.","This colletion is in the public domain. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . ","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection consists of the family business papers, primarily of John Kammerer and his son, Joseph Kammerer. In addtion, there is material from George W. Jones (likely a business parter or associate) and genearl corresponse relating to the family businesses. Materials date from 1842 to 1914, thought most items are from before 1900.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Kammerer, Joseph ","Materials in this collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2022.079"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Kammerer Family Business Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Kammerer Family Business Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Kammerer Family Business Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Kammerer, Joseph "],"creator_ssim":["Kammerer, Joseph "],"creator_persname_ssim":["Kammerer, Joseph "],"creators_ssim":["Kammerer, Joseph "],"access_terms_ssm":["This colletion is in the public domain. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . ","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by Special Collections in two accruals in April 2018 and April 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture","Cocktails -- History","Cocktail History Collection","Food Technology and Production","History of Food and Drink"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture","Cocktails -- History","Cocktail History Collection","Food Technology and Production","History of Food and Drink"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.7 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.7 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is separated in to three series: Correspondence, Administrative, and Financial. 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","More information: http://pre-prowhiskeymen.blogspot.com/2022/04/how-kammerers-created-pennsylvania-town.html; http://www.pa-roots.org/data/read.php?811,444023"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Kammerer Family Business Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Kammerer Family Business Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Kammerer Family Business Collection, 1842-1914, Ms2022-079, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Kammerer Family Business Collection, 1842-1914, Ms2022-079, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Kammerer Family Business Collection was completed in December 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Kammerer Family Business Collection was completed in December 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the family business papers, primarily of John Kammerer and his son, Joseph Kammerer. In addtion, there is material from George W. Jones (likely a business parter or associate) and genearl corresponse relating to the family businesses. Materials date from 1842 to 1914, thought most items are from before 1900. The documents in this collection reflect the operations and management of the Kammerer family land, farm, and businesses, which included, a various points: an inn/tavern, a grain mill, a distillery, and a dry goods store.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the family business papers, primarily of John Kammerer and his son, Joseph Kammerer. In addtion, there is material from George W. Jones (likely a business parter or associate) and genearl corresponse relating to the family businesses. Materials date from 1842 to 1914, thought most items are from before 1900. The documents in this collection reflect the operations and management of the Kammerer family land, farm, and businesses, which included, a various points: an inn/tavern, a grain mill, a distillery, and a dry goods store."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis colletion is in the public domain. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This colletion is in the public domain. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . ","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d3df42b199000694be35ee0543a42c3c\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection consists of the family business papers, primarily of John Kammerer and his son, Joseph Kammerer. In addtion, there is material from George W. Jones (likely a business parter or associate) and genearl corresponse relating to the family businesses. Materials date from 1842 to 1914, thought most items are from before 1900.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of the family business papers, primarily of John Kammerer and his son, Joseph Kammerer. In addtion, there is material from George W. Jones (likely a business parter or associate) and genearl corresponse relating to the family businesses. Materials date from 1842 to 1914, thought most items are from before 1900."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Kammerer, Joseph "],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Kammerer, Joseph "],"language_ssim":["Materials in this collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":30,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:11:04.346Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4023"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905), an enslaver and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. This ledger is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard (1874-1952). The ledger lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The majority of the ledger includes the farming activities of the farm and the daily activities of Bernard and his family, mostly from the 1870s. The ledger also contains a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 for the plantation signed by Judith Bernard.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4320.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Bernard, Thomas Hill, Ledger","title_ssm":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1853-1881"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1853-1881"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2024.093"],"text":["Ms.2024.093","Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger","Agriculture","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Ledgers (account books)","The collection is open for research.","The son of Zadock and Mary Bernard, Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905) was an enslaver, farmer, and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. He enslaved seven people, including children, according to the 1850 census, and five people in 1860, according to this collection. During the American Civil War, Bernard enlisted in the Confederate Army with the Virginia Volunteers in Company F of the 57th Infantry Regiment on April 19, 1862, and was discharged on May 20, 1862. He also served as the superintendent of Franklin County schools from 1870 to 1872 and as a judge for Franklin County Court from 1879 to 1883. ","Thomas Hill Bernard married Sarah Annie (Sallie) Eudaily or Endaily (1831-1917) in 1852 in Stokes County, North Carolina, and they had several children, including Walter, Arthur, Zadock, William T., James C., and Mary Bernard (1874-1952). ","External Links:","United States Federal Census, 1850-1900.","Wingfield, Marshall.  Franklin County, Virginia, a history,  p. 139. Berryville, Va.: Chesapeake Book Co., 1964.(Call number: F232.F7 W49 SCUA Large)","Salmon, John S., and Emily J. Salmon.  Franklin County, Virginia, 1786-1986 : A Bicentennial History,  p. 383. Franklin County, Va.: Franklin County Bicentennial Commission, 1993. (Call number: F232.F7 S25 1993 SCUA Large)","\"Thomas H Bernard\", Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6711029/thomas-h-bernard , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Ex-Judge Bernard\" [obituary],  The Times Dispatch  (Richmond, Va.), April 2, 1905. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at  https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1905-04-02/ed-1/seq-18/ , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Mrs. Sallie E. Bernard\" [obituary],  Richmond Times-Dispatch  (Richmond, Va.), March 29, 1917. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at  https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045389/1917-03-29/ed-1/seq-3/ , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Sarah Annie Bernard\" in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/554387:9278 , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Thomas H Bernard\", in the U.S., Civil War Soldier Records and Profiles, 1861-1865, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/124460:1555 , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Thomas H Bernard\" in the North Carolina, U.S., Marriage Records, 1741-2011, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/5573721:60548 , accessed October 29, 2024.","The guide to the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger was completed in September 2024.","This collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard, an enslaver and plantation owner from Franklin County, Virginia. It is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard. The ledger was published in 1852 as a \"Plantation and Farm Instruction, Regulation, Record, Inventory, and Account Book\" in Richmond, Virginia, by J.W. Randolph, a publisher, bookseller, and stationer. There are two advertisements at the beginning of the ledger. After that is a 17-page \"explanation\" that discusses how to run a plantation and how to keep the ledger properly. This also contains a portion about how to treat enslaved people. ","The majority of the book is lined pages with manual entries about farming and other activities starting in 1853 and ending in 1881 for the Big Meadows Plantation with Thomas H. Bernard as manager. Some of the entries were written by his children, including a draft letter to a cousin and information about preaching or attending church. Within the ledger is a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 by Judith Bernard.","On the first page of the manual entries, page 20, an inventory lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The first three were listed as farm laborers and [Banks?] as a blacksmith. Their ages ranged from 28 to 40 and their \"values\" from $200-$400. ","In another entry from 1861 on page 32, Bernard mentions the American Civil War. He wrote, \"The war has started and everyone thinks it won't last a month.\" On the same page is another entry about the war dated 1862, \"I have enlisted in the army of the Confederate States with the VA Volunteers.\" The next page skips to 1871. ","The ledger underwent conservation in 2019 and was rebound. The paper label on the front of the new cover misspells Bernard's last name as \"Brevard.\" The original cover is included in this collection.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905), an enslaver and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. This ledger is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard (1874-1952). The ledger lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The majority of the ledger includes the farming activities of the farm and the daily activities of Bernard and his family, mostly from the 1870s. The ledger also contains a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 for the plantation signed by Judith Bernard.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905","The material in this collection is in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2024.093"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"creator_ssim":["Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"creators_ssim":["Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in November 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Ledgers (account books)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Ledgers (account books)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)"],"date_range_isim":[1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe son of Zadock and Mary Bernard, Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905) was an enslaver, farmer, and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. He enslaved seven people, including children, according to the 1850 census, and five people in 1860, according to this collection. During the American Civil War, Bernard enlisted in the Confederate Army with the Virginia Volunteers in Company F of the 57th Infantry Regiment on April 19, 1862, and was discharged on May 20, 1862. He also served as the superintendent of Franklin County schools from 1870 to 1872 and as a judge for Franklin County Court from 1879 to 1883. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThomas Hill Bernard married Sarah Annie (Sallie) Eudaily or Endaily (1831-1917) in 1852 in Stokes County, North Carolina, and they had several children, including Walter, Arthur, Zadock, William T., James C., and Mary Bernard (1874-1952). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExternal Links:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnited States Federal Census, 1850-1900.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWingfield, Marshall. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFranklin County, Virginia, a history,\u003c/title\u003e p. 139. Berryville, Va.: Chesapeake Book Co., 1964.(Call number: F232.F7 W49 SCUA Large)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSalmon, John S., and Emily J. Salmon. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFranklin County, Virginia, 1786-1986 : A Bicentennial History,\u003c/title\u003e p. 383. Franklin County, Va.: Franklin County Bicentennial Commission, 1993. (Call number: F232.F7 S25 1993 SCUA Large)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Thomas H Bernard\", Findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6711029/thomas-h-bernard\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6711029/thomas-h-bernard\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Ex-Judge Bernard\" [obituary], \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Times Dispatch\u003c/title\u003e (Richmond, Va.), April 2, 1905. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1905-04-02/ed-1/seq-18/\"\u003ehttps://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1905-04-02/ed-1/seq-18/\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Mrs. Sallie E. Bernard\" [obituary], \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/title\u003e (Richmond, Va.), March 29, 1917. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045389/1917-03-29/ed-1/seq-3/\"\u003ehttps://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045389/1917-03-29/ed-1/seq-3/\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Sarah Annie Bernard\" in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/554387:9278\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/554387:9278\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Thomas H Bernard\", in the U.S., Civil War Soldier Records and Profiles, 1861-1865, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/124460:1555\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/124460:1555\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Thomas H Bernard\" in the North Carolina, U.S., Marriage Records, 1741-2011, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/5573721:60548\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/5573721:60548\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The son of Zadock and Mary Bernard, Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905) was an enslaver, farmer, and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. He enslaved seven people, including children, according to the 1850 census, and five people in 1860, according to this collection. During the American Civil War, Bernard enlisted in the Confederate Army with the Virginia Volunteers in Company F of the 57th Infantry Regiment on April 19, 1862, and was discharged on May 20, 1862. He also served as the superintendent of Franklin County schools from 1870 to 1872 and as a judge for Franklin County Court from 1879 to 1883. ","Thomas Hill Bernard married Sarah Annie (Sallie) Eudaily or Endaily (1831-1917) in 1852 in Stokes County, North Carolina, and they had several children, including Walter, Arthur, Zadock, William T., James C., and Mary Bernard (1874-1952). ","External Links:","United States Federal Census, 1850-1900.","Wingfield, Marshall.  Franklin County, Virginia, a history,  p. 139. Berryville, Va.: Chesapeake Book Co., 1964.(Call number: F232.F7 W49 SCUA Large)","Salmon, John S., and Emily J. Salmon.  Franklin County, Virginia, 1786-1986 : A Bicentennial History,  p. 383. Franklin County, Va.: Franklin County Bicentennial Commission, 1993. (Call number: F232.F7 S25 1993 SCUA Large)","\"Thomas H Bernard\", Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6711029/thomas-h-bernard , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Ex-Judge Bernard\" [obituary],  The Times Dispatch  (Richmond, Va.), April 2, 1905. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at  https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1905-04-02/ed-1/seq-18/ , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Mrs. Sallie E. Bernard\" [obituary],  Richmond Times-Dispatch  (Richmond, Va.), March 29, 1917. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at  https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045389/1917-03-29/ed-1/seq-3/ , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Sarah Annie Bernard\" in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/554387:9278 , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Thomas H Bernard\", in the U.S., Civil War Soldier Records and Profiles, 1861-1865, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/124460:1555 , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Thomas H Bernard\" in the North Carolina, U.S., Marriage Records, 1741-2011, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/5573721:60548 , accessed October 29, 2024."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger, 1853-1881, Ms2024-093, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger, 1853-1881, Ms2024-093, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger was completed in September 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger was completed in September 2024."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard, an enslaver and plantation owner from Franklin County, Virginia. It is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard. The ledger was published in 1852 as a \"Plantation and Farm Instruction, Regulation, Record, Inventory, and Account Book\" in Richmond, Virginia, by J.W. Randolph, a publisher, bookseller, and stationer. There are two advertisements at the beginning of the ledger. After that is a 17-page \"explanation\" that discusses how to run a plantation and how to keep the ledger properly. This also contains a portion about how to treat enslaved people. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the book is lined pages with manual entries about farming and other activities starting in 1853 and ending in 1881 for the Big Meadows Plantation with Thomas H. Bernard as manager. Some of the entries were written by his children, including a draft letter to a cousin and information about preaching or attending church. Within the ledger is a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 by Judith Bernard.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn the first page of the manual entries, page 20, an inventory lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The first three were listed as farm laborers and [Banks?] as a blacksmith. Their ages ranged from 28 to 40 and their \"values\" from $200-$400. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn another entry from 1861 on page 32, Bernard mentions the American Civil War. He wrote, \"The war has started and everyone thinks it won't last a month.\" On the same page is another entry about the war dated 1862, \"I have enlisted in the army of the Confederate States with the VA Volunteers.\" The next page skips to 1871. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe ledger underwent conservation in 2019 and was rebound. The paper label on the front of the new cover misspells Bernard's last name as \"Brevard.\" The original cover is included in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard, an enslaver and plantation owner from Franklin County, Virginia. It is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard. The ledger was published in 1852 as a \"Plantation and Farm Instruction, Regulation, Record, Inventory, and Account Book\" in Richmond, Virginia, by J.W. Randolph, a publisher, bookseller, and stationer. There are two advertisements at the beginning of the ledger. After that is a 17-page \"explanation\" that discusses how to run a plantation and how to keep the ledger properly. This also contains a portion about how to treat enslaved people. ","The majority of the book is lined pages with manual entries about farming and other activities starting in 1853 and ending in 1881 for the Big Meadows Plantation with Thomas H. Bernard as manager. Some of the entries were written by his children, including a draft letter to a cousin and information about preaching or attending church. Within the ledger is a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 by Judith Bernard.","On the first page of the manual entries, page 20, an inventory lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The first three were listed as farm laborers and [Banks?] as a blacksmith. Their ages ranged from 28 to 40 and their \"values\" from $200-$400. ","In another entry from 1861 on page 32, Bernard mentions the American Civil War. He wrote, \"The war has started and everyone thinks it won't last a month.\" On the same page is another entry about the war dated 1862, \"I have enlisted in the army of the Confederate States with the VA Volunteers.\" The next page skips to 1871. ","The ledger underwent conservation in 2019 and was rebound. The paper label on the front of the new cover misspells Bernard's last name as \"Brevard.\" The original cover is included in this collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3efe15902e23389631e2c75e28b5063a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905), an enslaver and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. This ledger is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard (1874-1952). The ledger lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The majority of the ledger includes the farming activities of the farm and the daily activities of Bernard and his family, mostly from the 1870s. The ledger also contains a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 for the plantation signed by Judith Bernard.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905), an enslaver and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. This ledger is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard (1874-1952). The ledger lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The majority of the ledger includes the farming activities of the farm and the daily activities of Bernard and his family, mostly from the 1870s. The ledger also contains a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 for the plantation signed by Judith Bernard."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"language_ssim":["The material in this collection is in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:10:58.117Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4320.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Bernard, Thomas Hill, Ledger","title_ssm":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1853-1881"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1853-1881"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2024.093"],"text":["Ms.2024.093","Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger","Agriculture","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Ledgers (account books)","The collection is open for research.","The son of Zadock and Mary Bernard, Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905) was an enslaver, farmer, and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. He enslaved seven people, including children, according to the 1850 census, and five people in 1860, according to this collection. During the American Civil War, Bernard enlisted in the Confederate Army with the Virginia Volunteers in Company F of the 57th Infantry Regiment on April 19, 1862, and was discharged on May 20, 1862. He also served as the superintendent of Franklin County schools from 1870 to 1872 and as a judge for Franklin County Court from 1879 to 1883. ","Thomas Hill Bernard married Sarah Annie (Sallie) Eudaily or Endaily (1831-1917) in 1852 in Stokes County, North Carolina, and they had several children, including Walter, Arthur, Zadock, William T., James C., and Mary Bernard (1874-1952). ","External Links:","United States Federal Census, 1850-1900.","Wingfield, Marshall.  Franklin County, Virginia, a history,  p. 139. Berryville, Va.: Chesapeake Book Co., 1964.(Call number: F232.F7 W49 SCUA Large)","Salmon, John S., and Emily J. Salmon.  Franklin County, Virginia, 1786-1986 : A Bicentennial History,  p. 383. Franklin County, Va.: Franklin County Bicentennial Commission, 1993. (Call number: F232.F7 S25 1993 SCUA Large)","\"Thomas H Bernard\", Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6711029/thomas-h-bernard , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Ex-Judge Bernard\" [obituary],  The Times Dispatch  (Richmond, Va.), April 2, 1905. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at  https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1905-04-02/ed-1/seq-18/ , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Mrs. Sallie E. Bernard\" [obituary],  Richmond Times-Dispatch  (Richmond, Va.), March 29, 1917. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at  https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045389/1917-03-29/ed-1/seq-3/ , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Sarah Annie Bernard\" in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/554387:9278 , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Thomas H Bernard\", in the U.S., Civil War Soldier Records and Profiles, 1861-1865, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/124460:1555 , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Thomas H Bernard\" in the North Carolina, U.S., Marriage Records, 1741-2011, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/5573721:60548 , accessed October 29, 2024.","The guide to the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger was completed in September 2024.","This collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard, an enslaver and plantation owner from Franklin County, Virginia. It is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard. The ledger was published in 1852 as a \"Plantation and Farm Instruction, Regulation, Record, Inventory, and Account Book\" in Richmond, Virginia, by J.W. Randolph, a publisher, bookseller, and stationer. There are two advertisements at the beginning of the ledger. After that is a 17-page \"explanation\" that discusses how to run a plantation and how to keep the ledger properly. This also contains a portion about how to treat enslaved people. ","The majority of the book is lined pages with manual entries about farming and other activities starting in 1853 and ending in 1881 for the Big Meadows Plantation with Thomas H. Bernard as manager. Some of the entries were written by his children, including a draft letter to a cousin and information about preaching or attending church. Within the ledger is a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 by Judith Bernard.","On the first page of the manual entries, page 20, an inventory lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The first three were listed as farm laborers and [Banks?] as a blacksmith. Their ages ranged from 28 to 40 and their \"values\" from $200-$400. ","In another entry from 1861 on page 32, Bernard mentions the American Civil War. He wrote, \"The war has started and everyone thinks it won't last a month.\" On the same page is another entry about the war dated 1862, \"I have enlisted in the army of the Confederate States with the VA Volunteers.\" The next page skips to 1871. ","The ledger underwent conservation in 2019 and was rebound. The paper label on the front of the new cover misspells Bernard's last name as \"Brevard.\" The original cover is included in this collection.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905), an enslaver and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. This ledger is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard (1874-1952). The ledger lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The majority of the ledger includes the farming activities of the farm and the daily activities of Bernard and his family, mostly from the 1870s. The ledger also contains a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 for the plantation signed by Judith Bernard.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905","The material in this collection is in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2024.093"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"creator_ssim":["Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"creators_ssim":["Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in November 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Ledgers (account books)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Ledgers (account books)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)"],"date_range_isim":[1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe son of Zadock and Mary Bernard, Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905) was an enslaver, farmer, and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. He enslaved seven people, including children, according to the 1850 census, and five people in 1860, according to this collection. During the American Civil War, Bernard enlisted in the Confederate Army with the Virginia Volunteers in Company F of the 57th Infantry Regiment on April 19, 1862, and was discharged on May 20, 1862. He also served as the superintendent of Franklin County schools from 1870 to 1872 and as a judge for Franklin County Court from 1879 to 1883. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThomas Hill Bernard married Sarah Annie (Sallie) Eudaily or Endaily (1831-1917) in 1852 in Stokes County, North Carolina, and they had several children, including Walter, Arthur, Zadock, William T., James C., and Mary Bernard (1874-1952). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExternal Links:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnited States Federal Census, 1850-1900.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWingfield, Marshall. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFranklin County, Virginia, a history,\u003c/title\u003e p. 139. Berryville, Va.: Chesapeake Book Co., 1964.(Call number: F232.F7 W49 SCUA Large)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSalmon, John S., and Emily J. Salmon. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFranklin County, Virginia, 1786-1986 : A Bicentennial History,\u003c/title\u003e p. 383. Franklin County, Va.: Franklin County Bicentennial Commission, 1993. (Call number: F232.F7 S25 1993 SCUA Large)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Thomas H Bernard\", Findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6711029/thomas-h-bernard\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6711029/thomas-h-bernard\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Ex-Judge Bernard\" [obituary], \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Times Dispatch\u003c/title\u003e (Richmond, Va.), April 2, 1905. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1905-04-02/ed-1/seq-18/\"\u003ehttps://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1905-04-02/ed-1/seq-18/\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Mrs. Sallie E. Bernard\" [obituary], \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/title\u003e (Richmond, Va.), March 29, 1917. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045389/1917-03-29/ed-1/seq-3/\"\u003ehttps://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045389/1917-03-29/ed-1/seq-3/\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Sarah Annie Bernard\" in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/554387:9278\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/554387:9278\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Thomas H Bernard\", in the U.S., Civil War Soldier Records and Profiles, 1861-1865, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/124460:1555\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/124460:1555\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Thomas H Bernard\" in the North Carolina, U.S., Marriage Records, 1741-2011, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/5573721:60548\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/5573721:60548\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The son of Zadock and Mary Bernard, Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905) was an enslaver, farmer, and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. He enslaved seven people, including children, according to the 1850 census, and five people in 1860, according to this collection. During the American Civil War, Bernard enlisted in the Confederate Army with the Virginia Volunteers in Company F of the 57th Infantry Regiment on April 19, 1862, and was discharged on May 20, 1862. He also served as the superintendent of Franklin County schools from 1870 to 1872 and as a judge for Franklin County Court from 1879 to 1883. ","Thomas Hill Bernard married Sarah Annie (Sallie) Eudaily or Endaily (1831-1917) in 1852 in Stokes County, North Carolina, and they had several children, including Walter, Arthur, Zadock, William T., James C., and Mary Bernard (1874-1952). ","External Links:","United States Federal Census, 1850-1900.","Wingfield, Marshall.  Franklin County, Virginia, a history,  p. 139. Berryville, Va.: Chesapeake Book Co., 1964.(Call number: F232.F7 W49 SCUA Large)","Salmon, John S., and Emily J. Salmon.  Franklin County, Virginia, 1786-1986 : A Bicentennial History,  p. 383. Franklin County, Va.: Franklin County Bicentennial Commission, 1993. (Call number: F232.F7 S25 1993 SCUA Large)","\"Thomas H Bernard\", Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6711029/thomas-h-bernard , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Ex-Judge Bernard\" [obituary],  The Times Dispatch  (Richmond, Va.), April 2, 1905. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at  https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1905-04-02/ed-1/seq-18/ , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Mrs. Sallie E. Bernard\" [obituary],  Richmond Times-Dispatch  (Richmond, Va.), March 29, 1917. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at  https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045389/1917-03-29/ed-1/seq-3/ , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Sarah Annie Bernard\" in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/554387:9278 , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Thomas H Bernard\", in the U.S., Civil War Soldier Records and Profiles, 1861-1865, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/124460:1555 , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Thomas H Bernard\" in the North Carolina, U.S., Marriage Records, 1741-2011, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/5573721:60548 , accessed October 29, 2024."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger, 1853-1881, Ms2024-093, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger, 1853-1881, Ms2024-093, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger was completed in September 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger was completed in September 2024."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard, an enslaver and plantation owner from Franklin County, Virginia. It is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard. The ledger was published in 1852 as a \"Plantation and Farm Instruction, Regulation, Record, Inventory, and Account Book\" in Richmond, Virginia, by J.W. Randolph, a publisher, bookseller, and stationer. There are two advertisements at the beginning of the ledger. After that is a 17-page \"explanation\" that discusses how to run a plantation and how to keep the ledger properly. This also contains a portion about how to treat enslaved people. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the book is lined pages with manual entries about farming and other activities starting in 1853 and ending in 1881 for the Big Meadows Plantation with Thomas H. Bernard as manager. Some of the entries were written by his children, including a draft letter to a cousin and information about preaching or attending church. Within the ledger is a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 by Judith Bernard.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn the first page of the manual entries, page 20, an inventory lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The first three were listed as farm laborers and [Banks?] as a blacksmith. Their ages ranged from 28 to 40 and their \"values\" from $200-$400. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn another entry from 1861 on page 32, Bernard mentions the American Civil War. He wrote, \"The war has started and everyone thinks it won't last a month.\" On the same page is another entry about the war dated 1862, \"I have enlisted in the army of the Confederate States with the VA Volunteers.\" The next page skips to 1871. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe ledger underwent conservation in 2019 and was rebound. The paper label on the front of the new cover misspells Bernard's last name as \"Brevard.\" The original cover is included in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard, an enslaver and plantation owner from Franklin County, Virginia. It is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard. The ledger was published in 1852 as a \"Plantation and Farm Instruction, Regulation, Record, Inventory, and Account Book\" in Richmond, Virginia, by J.W. Randolph, a publisher, bookseller, and stationer. There are two advertisements at the beginning of the ledger. After that is a 17-page \"explanation\" that discusses how to run a plantation and how to keep the ledger properly. This also contains a portion about how to treat enslaved people. ","The majority of the book is lined pages with manual entries about farming and other activities starting in 1853 and ending in 1881 for the Big Meadows Plantation with Thomas H. Bernard as manager. Some of the entries were written by his children, including a draft letter to a cousin and information about preaching or attending church. Within the ledger is a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 by Judith Bernard.","On the first page of the manual entries, page 20, an inventory lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The first three were listed as farm laborers and [Banks?] as a blacksmith. Their ages ranged from 28 to 40 and their \"values\" from $200-$400. ","In another entry from 1861 on page 32, Bernard mentions the American Civil War. He wrote, \"The war has started and everyone thinks it won't last a month.\" On the same page is another entry about the war dated 1862, \"I have enlisted in the army of the Confederate States with the VA Volunteers.\" The next page skips to 1871. ","The ledger underwent conservation in 2019 and was rebound. The paper label on the front of the new cover misspells Bernard's last name as \"Brevard.\" The original cover is included in this collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3efe15902e23389631e2c75e28b5063a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905), an enslaver and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. This ledger is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard (1874-1952). The ledger lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The majority of the ledger includes the farming activities of the farm and the daily activities of Bernard and his family, mostly from the 1870s. The ledger also contains a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 for the plantation signed by Judith Bernard.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905), an enslaver and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. This ledger is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard (1874-1952). The ledger lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The majority of the ledger includes the farming activities of the farm and the daily activities of Bernard and his family, mostly from the 1870s. The ledger also contains a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 for the plantation signed by Judith Bernard."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"language_ssim":["The material in this collection is in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:10:58.117Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"William H. Collier Ledger","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Collier, William H., 1822-1906","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection contains a farm and household expense ledger of William H. Collier of Northampton County, North Carolina.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2446.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Collier, William H., Ledger","title_ssm":["William H. Collier Ledger"],"title_tesim":["William H. Collier Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1856-1887"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1856-1887"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2009.027"],"text":["Ms.2009.027","William H. Collier Ledger","African Americans -- History","Agriculture","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","The collection is open for research.","William H. Collier, son of Joseph and Sarah C. Mangum Collier, was born in Northampton, North Carolina in 1822. He married Sarah Parham (1824-1857) in 1843. The couple had eight children, including Joseph H. (mentioned frequently within the ledger). Following the Sarah's death, Collier in 1860 married Elizabeth Rebecca Bonner Garner, by whom he fathered another seven children. William H. Collier died in 1906. ","Within his ledger, Collier provides the year of birth of a woman named Charity--likely an enslaved person--and the names and birth years of her children and grandchildren, including: Mary (1841), Lieuanna (1847), Henry (1849), Susan (1851), Julia (1853), Ben (1855), Sarah Ann (1857), twins Charles and Ned (1859), and George (1860). In later entries, Collier makes frequent mention of hiring and paying members of the Moody family. The 1870 census for Northampton County lists 45-year-old African American Charity Moody living with her husband, Burton and children Henry, 21; Sarah, 16; Ben, 17; and Charles and Edward, 12. No further record could be found on the Moody family. ","The guide to the William H. Collier Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing and description of the William H. Collier Ledger commenced and was completed in February 2009.","This collection consists of a ledger maintained by William H. Collier, a farmer from Northampton County, North Carolina during the latter half of the nineteenth century. Collier's ledger lists in detail his expenses--for household goods as well as farm supplies and equipment--during a 30-year period. (Although the ledger contains data for the years 1857-1860, the years 1862-1864 are lacking, and more frequent entries commence with 1866.) Many of the entries, made regularly, relate to farm labor. Recorded for both long-term and day laborers are wages, work performed, provisions issued, and wages withheld. Appearing after the names of several workers are the initials \"FM\" and \"FW,\" likely describing individuals as freedmen and freedwomen. Members of the Moody family are mentioned frequently among the laborers, as are members of the Nolley, Woodruff, Jordan, and Hodges families. Collier often used child laborers, hired from their parents or other relatives. ","Collier also lists within the ledger the amount of cotton produced on his farm as well as the amount of corn produced and sent to mill. He makes special mention of the amount of his trade in late 1865, \"after the surrender of Lee's Army\" and \"sales of cotton soald this fall after the serender of the Southern Army.\" He details his trades and purchases with various merchants in North Carolina's Halifax and Northampton counties--as well as Petersburg, Virginia--for such items as clothing, medicine, foodstuffs, and farming supplies and equipment. Also within the ledger are notations regarding Collier's account as administrator of his father's will and copies of agreements for obtaining credit against future crops and for sharecropping on his land.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains a farm and household expense ledger of William H. Collier of Northampton County, North Carolina.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Moody family (Northampton County, NC)","Collier, William H., 1822-1906","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2009.027"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William H. Collier Ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["William H. Collier Ledger"],"collection_ssim":["William H. Collier Ledger"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"creator_ssim":["Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"creators_ssim":["Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The William H. Collier Ledger was purchased by Special Collections in 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Agriculture","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Agriculture","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam H. Collier, son of Joseph and Sarah C. Mangum Collier, was born in Northampton, North Carolina in 1822. He married Sarah Parham (1824-1857) in 1843. The couple had eight children, including Joseph H. (mentioned frequently within the ledger). Following the Sarah's death, Collier in 1860 married Elizabeth Rebecca Bonner Garner, by whom he fathered another seven children. William H. Collier died in 1906. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWithin his ledger, Collier provides the year of birth of a woman named Charity--likely an enslaved person--and the names and birth years of her children and grandchildren, including: Mary (1841), Lieuanna (1847), Henry (1849), Susan (1851), Julia (1853), Ben (1855), Sarah Ann (1857), twins Charles and Ned (1859), and George (1860). In later entries, Collier makes frequent mention of hiring and paying members of the Moody family. The 1870 census for Northampton County lists 45-year-old African American Charity Moody living with her husband, Burton and children Henry, 21; Sarah, 16; Ben, 17; and Charles and Edward, 12. No further record could be found on the Moody family. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["William H. Collier, son of Joseph and Sarah C. Mangum Collier, was born in Northampton, North Carolina in 1822. He married Sarah Parham (1824-1857) in 1843. The couple had eight children, including Joseph H. (mentioned frequently within the ledger). Following the Sarah's death, Collier in 1860 married Elizabeth Rebecca Bonner Garner, by whom he fathered another seven children. William H. Collier died in 1906. ","Within his ledger, Collier provides the year of birth of a woman named Charity--likely an enslaved person--and the names and birth years of her children and grandchildren, including: Mary (1841), Lieuanna (1847), Henry (1849), Susan (1851), Julia (1853), Ben (1855), Sarah Ann (1857), twins Charles and Ned (1859), and George (1860). In later entries, Collier makes frequent mention of hiring and paying members of the Moody family. The 1870 census for Northampton County lists 45-year-old African American Charity Moody living with her husband, Burton and children Henry, 21; Sarah, 16; Ben, 17; and Charles and Edward, 12. No further record could be found on the Moody family. "],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the William H. Collier Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the William H. Collier Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], William H. Collier Ledger, Ms2009-027, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], William H. Collier Ledger, Ms2009-027, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and description of the William H. Collier Ledger commenced and was completed in February 2009.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and description of the William H. Collier Ledger commenced and was completed in February 2009."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a ledger maintained by William H. Collier, a farmer from Northampton County, North Carolina during the latter half of the nineteenth century. Collier's ledger lists in detail his expenses--for household goods as well as farm supplies and equipment--during a 30-year period. (Although the ledger contains data for the years 1857-1860, the years 1862-1864 are lacking, and more frequent entries commence with 1866.) Many of the entries, made regularly, relate to farm labor. Recorded for both long-term and day laborers are wages, work performed, provisions issued, and wages withheld. Appearing after the names of several workers are the initials \"FM\" and \"FW,\" likely describing individuals as freedmen and freedwomen. Members of the Moody family are mentioned frequently among the laborers, as are members of the Nolley, Woodruff, Jordan, and Hodges families. Collier often used child laborers, hired from their parents or other relatives. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCollier also lists within the ledger the amount of cotton produced on his farm as well as the amount of corn produced and sent to mill. He makes special mention of the amount of his trade in late 1865, \"after the surrender of Lee's Army\" and \"sales of cotton soald this fall after the serender of the Southern Army.\" He details his trades and purchases with various merchants in North Carolina's Halifax and Northampton counties--as well as Petersburg, Virginia--for such items as clothing, medicine, foodstuffs, and farming supplies and equipment. Also within the ledger are notations regarding Collier's account as administrator of his father's will and copies of agreements for obtaining credit against future crops and for sharecropping on his land.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of a ledger maintained by William H. Collier, a farmer from Northampton County, North Carolina during the latter half of the nineteenth century. Collier's ledger lists in detail his expenses--for household goods as well as farm supplies and equipment--during a 30-year period. (Although the ledger contains data for the years 1857-1860, the years 1862-1864 are lacking, and more frequent entries commence with 1866.) Many of the entries, made regularly, relate to farm labor. Recorded for both long-term and day laborers are wages, work performed, provisions issued, and wages withheld. Appearing after the names of several workers are the initials \"FM\" and \"FW,\" likely describing individuals as freedmen and freedwomen. Members of the Moody family are mentioned frequently among the laborers, as are members of the Nolley, Woodruff, Jordan, and Hodges families. Collier often used child laborers, hired from their parents or other relatives. ","Collier also lists within the ledger the amount of cotton produced on his farm as well as the amount of corn produced and sent to mill. He makes special mention of the amount of his trade in late 1865, \"after the surrender of Lee's Army\" and \"sales of cotton soald this fall after the serender of the Southern Army.\" He details his trades and purchases with various merchants in North Carolina's Halifax and Northampton counties--as well as Petersburg, Virginia--for such items as clothing, medicine, foodstuffs, and farming supplies and equipment. Also within the ledger are notations regarding Collier's account as administrator of his father's will and copies of agreements for obtaining credit against future crops and for sharecropping on his land."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_34a4021547bb49c955bb98e40503115b\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains a farm and household expense ledger of William H. Collier of Northampton County, North Carolina.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains a farm and household expense ledger of William H. Collier of Northampton County, North Carolina."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Moody family (Northampton County, NC)","Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Moody family (Northampton County, NC)"],"famname_ssim":["Moody family (Northampton County, NC)"],"persname_ssim":["Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:21:22.107Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2446.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Collier, William H., Ledger","title_ssm":["William H. Collier Ledger"],"title_tesim":["William H. Collier Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1856-1887"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1856-1887"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2009.027"],"text":["Ms.2009.027","William H. Collier Ledger","African Americans -- History","Agriculture","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","The collection is open for research.","William H. Collier, son of Joseph and Sarah C. Mangum Collier, was born in Northampton, North Carolina in 1822. He married Sarah Parham (1824-1857) in 1843. The couple had eight children, including Joseph H. (mentioned frequently within the ledger). Following the Sarah's death, Collier in 1860 married Elizabeth Rebecca Bonner Garner, by whom he fathered another seven children. William H. Collier died in 1906. ","Within his ledger, Collier provides the year of birth of a woman named Charity--likely an enslaved person--and the names and birth years of her children and grandchildren, including: Mary (1841), Lieuanna (1847), Henry (1849), Susan (1851), Julia (1853), Ben (1855), Sarah Ann (1857), twins Charles and Ned (1859), and George (1860). In later entries, Collier makes frequent mention of hiring and paying members of the Moody family. The 1870 census for Northampton County lists 45-year-old African American Charity Moody living with her husband, Burton and children Henry, 21; Sarah, 16; Ben, 17; and Charles and Edward, 12. No further record could be found on the Moody family. ","The guide to the William H. Collier Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing and description of the William H. Collier Ledger commenced and was completed in February 2009.","This collection consists of a ledger maintained by William H. Collier, a farmer from Northampton County, North Carolina during the latter half of the nineteenth century. Collier's ledger lists in detail his expenses--for household goods as well as farm supplies and equipment--during a 30-year period. (Although the ledger contains data for the years 1857-1860, the years 1862-1864 are lacking, and more frequent entries commence with 1866.) Many of the entries, made regularly, relate to farm labor. Recorded for both long-term and day laborers are wages, work performed, provisions issued, and wages withheld. Appearing after the names of several workers are the initials \"FM\" and \"FW,\" likely describing individuals as freedmen and freedwomen. Members of the Moody family are mentioned frequently among the laborers, as are members of the Nolley, Woodruff, Jordan, and Hodges families. Collier often used child laborers, hired from their parents or other relatives. ","Collier also lists within the ledger the amount of cotton produced on his farm as well as the amount of corn produced and sent to mill. He makes special mention of the amount of his trade in late 1865, \"after the surrender of Lee's Army\" and \"sales of cotton soald this fall after the serender of the Southern Army.\" He details his trades and purchases with various merchants in North Carolina's Halifax and Northampton counties--as well as Petersburg, Virginia--for such items as clothing, medicine, foodstuffs, and farming supplies and equipment. Also within the ledger are notations regarding Collier's account as administrator of his father's will and copies of agreements for obtaining credit against future crops and for sharecropping on his land.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains a farm and household expense ledger of William H. Collier of Northampton County, North Carolina.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Moody family (Northampton County, NC)","Collier, William H., 1822-1906","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2009.027"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William H. Collier Ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["William H. Collier Ledger"],"collection_ssim":["William H. Collier Ledger"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"creator_ssim":["Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"creators_ssim":["Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The William H. Collier Ledger was purchased by Special Collections in 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Agriculture","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Agriculture","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam H. Collier, son of Joseph and Sarah C. Mangum Collier, was born in Northampton, North Carolina in 1822. He married Sarah Parham (1824-1857) in 1843. The couple had eight children, including Joseph H. (mentioned frequently within the ledger). Following the Sarah's death, Collier in 1860 married Elizabeth Rebecca Bonner Garner, by whom he fathered another seven children. William H. Collier died in 1906. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWithin his ledger, Collier provides the year of birth of a woman named Charity--likely an enslaved person--and the names and birth years of her children and grandchildren, including: Mary (1841), Lieuanna (1847), Henry (1849), Susan (1851), Julia (1853), Ben (1855), Sarah Ann (1857), twins Charles and Ned (1859), and George (1860). In later entries, Collier makes frequent mention of hiring and paying members of the Moody family. The 1870 census for Northampton County lists 45-year-old African American Charity Moody living with her husband, Burton and children Henry, 21; Sarah, 16; Ben, 17; and Charles and Edward, 12. No further record could be found on the Moody family. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["William H. Collier, son of Joseph and Sarah C. Mangum Collier, was born in Northampton, North Carolina in 1822. He married Sarah Parham (1824-1857) in 1843. The couple had eight children, including Joseph H. (mentioned frequently within the ledger). Following the Sarah's death, Collier in 1860 married Elizabeth Rebecca Bonner Garner, by whom he fathered another seven children. William H. Collier died in 1906. ","Within his ledger, Collier provides the year of birth of a woman named Charity--likely an enslaved person--and the names and birth years of her children and grandchildren, including: Mary (1841), Lieuanna (1847), Henry (1849), Susan (1851), Julia (1853), Ben (1855), Sarah Ann (1857), twins Charles and Ned (1859), and George (1860). In later entries, Collier makes frequent mention of hiring and paying members of the Moody family. The 1870 census for Northampton County lists 45-year-old African American Charity Moody living with her husband, Burton and children Henry, 21; Sarah, 16; Ben, 17; and Charles and Edward, 12. No further record could be found on the Moody family. "],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the William H. Collier Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the William H. Collier Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], William H. Collier Ledger, Ms2009-027, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], William H. Collier Ledger, Ms2009-027, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and description of the William H. Collier Ledger commenced and was completed in February 2009.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and description of the William H. Collier Ledger commenced and was completed in February 2009."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a ledger maintained by William H. Collier, a farmer from Northampton County, North Carolina during the latter half of the nineteenth century. Collier's ledger lists in detail his expenses--for household goods as well as farm supplies and equipment--during a 30-year period. (Although the ledger contains data for the years 1857-1860, the years 1862-1864 are lacking, and more frequent entries commence with 1866.) Many of the entries, made regularly, relate to farm labor. Recorded for both long-term and day laborers are wages, work performed, provisions issued, and wages withheld. Appearing after the names of several workers are the initials \"FM\" and \"FW,\" likely describing individuals as freedmen and freedwomen. Members of the Moody family are mentioned frequently among the laborers, as are members of the Nolley, Woodruff, Jordan, and Hodges families. Collier often used child laborers, hired from their parents or other relatives. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCollier also lists within the ledger the amount of cotton produced on his farm as well as the amount of corn produced and sent to mill. He makes special mention of the amount of his trade in late 1865, \"after the surrender of Lee's Army\" and \"sales of cotton soald this fall after the serender of the Southern Army.\" He details his trades and purchases with various merchants in North Carolina's Halifax and Northampton counties--as well as Petersburg, Virginia--for such items as clothing, medicine, foodstuffs, and farming supplies and equipment. Also within the ledger are notations regarding Collier's account as administrator of his father's will and copies of agreements for obtaining credit against future crops and for sharecropping on his land.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of a ledger maintained by William H. Collier, a farmer from Northampton County, North Carolina during the latter half of the nineteenth century. Collier's ledger lists in detail his expenses--for household goods as well as farm supplies and equipment--during a 30-year period. (Although the ledger contains data for the years 1857-1860, the years 1862-1864 are lacking, and more frequent entries commence with 1866.) Many of the entries, made regularly, relate to farm labor. Recorded for both long-term and day laborers are wages, work performed, provisions issued, and wages withheld. Appearing after the names of several workers are the initials \"FM\" and \"FW,\" likely describing individuals as freedmen and freedwomen. Members of the Moody family are mentioned frequently among the laborers, as are members of the Nolley, Woodruff, Jordan, and Hodges families. Collier often used child laborers, hired from their parents or other relatives. ","Collier also lists within the ledger the amount of cotton produced on his farm as well as the amount of corn produced and sent to mill. He makes special mention of the amount of his trade in late 1865, \"after the surrender of Lee's Army\" and \"sales of cotton soald this fall after the serender of the Southern Army.\" He details his trades and purchases with various merchants in North Carolina's Halifax and Northampton counties--as well as Petersburg, Virginia--for such items as clothing, medicine, foodstuffs, and farming supplies and equipment. Also within the ledger are notations regarding Collier's account as administrator of his father's will and copies of agreements for obtaining credit against future crops and for sharecropping on his land."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_34a4021547bb49c955bb98e40503115b\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains a farm and household expense ledger of William H. Collier of Northampton County, North Carolina.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains a farm and household expense ledger of William H. Collier of Northampton County, North Carolina."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Moody family (Northampton County, NC)","Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Moody family (Northampton County, NC)"],"famname_ssim":["Moody family (Northampton County, NC)"],"persname_ssim":["Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:21:22.107Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","value":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","hits":3},"links":{"remove":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Agriculture\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1868\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Agriculture\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1868\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Kammerer Family Business Collection","value":"Kammerer Family Business Collection","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Agriculture\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Kammerer+Family+Business+Collection\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1868\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger","value":"Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Agriculture\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Thomas+Hill+Bernard+Ledger\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1868\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"William H. 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