{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":10,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6098","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"American Missionary Society Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6098#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"American Missionary Society","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6098#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Papers which relate to the American Missionary Society's Schools for Freedmen operated by the Society in Virginia and West Virginia. Includes correspondence, teacher's monthly reports, and the superintendent's monthly reports for West Virginia schools located at Harpers Ferry, Shepherdstown, Charles Town, Martinsburg, and Charleston.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6098#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6098","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6098","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6098","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6098","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_6098.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/199067","title_ssm":["American Missionary Society Papers"],"title_tesim":["American Missionary Society Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1848-1882"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1848-1882"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2224","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6098"],"text":["A\u0026M 2224","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6098","American Missionary Society Papers","African Americans - Schools for Freedmen.","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Schools -- Berkeley County (W. Va.)","Freedmen's Schools.","Jefferson County - Schools.","Schools -- Berkeley County (W. Va.)","Schools - Jefferson County.","Schools -- West Virginia","Slavery - Schools for Freedmen.","West Virginia - Schools.","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Papers which relate to the American Missionary Society's Schools for Freedmen operated by the Society in Virginia and West Virginia. Includes correspondence, teacher's monthly reports, and the superintendent's monthly reports for West Virginia schools located at Harpers Ferry, Shepherdstown, Charles Town, Martinsburg, and Charleston.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Missionary Society","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2224","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6098"],"normalized_title_ssm":["American Missionary Society Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["American Missionary Society Papers"],"collection_ssim":["American Missionary Society Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["American Missionary Society"],"creator_ssim":["American Missionary Society"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["American Missionary Society"],"creators_ssim":["American Missionary Society"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans - Schools for Freedmen.","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Schools -- Berkeley County (W. Va.)","Freedmen's Schools.","Jefferson County - Schools.","Schools -- Berkeley County (W. Va.)","Schools - Jefferson County.","Schools -- West Virginia","Slavery - Schools for Freedmen.","West Virginia - Schools."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans - Schools for Freedmen.","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Schools -- Berkeley County (W. Va.)","Freedmen's Schools.","Jefferson County - Schools.","Schools -- Berkeley County (W. Va.)","Schools - Jefferson County.","Schools -- West Virginia","Slavery - Schools for Freedmen.","West Virginia - Schools."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.04 Linear Feet Summary: 2 ft. 1/2 in. (14 reels of microfilm, 1.75 in. each)"],"extent_tesim":["2.04 Linear Feet Summary: 2 ft. 1/2 in. (14 reels of microfilm, 1.75 in. each)"],"date_range_isim":[1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], American Missionary Society Papers, A\u0026amp;M 2224, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], American Missionary Society Papers, A\u0026M 2224, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8f06841acf466c3390e6576c45c15101\"\u003ePapers which relate to the American Missionary Society's Schools for Freedmen operated by the Society in Virginia and West Virginia. Includes correspondence, teacher's monthly reports, and the superintendent's monthly reports for West Virginia schools located at Harpers Ferry, Shepherdstown, Charles Town, Martinsburg, and Charleston.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Papers which relate to the American Missionary Society's Schools for Freedmen operated by the Society in Virginia and West Virginia. Includes correspondence, teacher's monthly reports, and the superintendent's monthly reports for West Virginia schools located at Harpers Ferry, Shepherdstown, Charles Town, Martinsburg, and Charleston."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_f9e53885070dfa9fcdf9ed081bd6d7d1\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Missionary Society"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Missionary Society"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Missionary Society"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:39:56.899Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6098","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6098","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6098","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6098","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_6098.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/199067","title_ssm":["American Missionary Society Papers"],"title_tesim":["American Missionary Society Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1848-1882"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1848-1882"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2224","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6098"],"text":["A\u0026M 2224","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6098","American Missionary Society Papers","African Americans - Schools for Freedmen.","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Schools -- Berkeley County (W. Va.)","Freedmen's Schools.","Jefferson County - Schools.","Schools -- Berkeley County (W. Va.)","Schools - Jefferson County.","Schools -- West Virginia","Slavery - Schools for Freedmen.","West Virginia - Schools.","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Papers which relate to the American Missionary Society's Schools for Freedmen operated by the Society in Virginia and West Virginia. Includes correspondence, teacher's monthly reports, and the superintendent's monthly reports for West Virginia schools located at Harpers Ferry, Shepherdstown, Charles Town, Martinsburg, and Charleston.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Missionary Society","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2224","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6098"],"normalized_title_ssm":["American Missionary Society Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["American Missionary Society Papers"],"collection_ssim":["American Missionary Society Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["American Missionary Society"],"creator_ssim":["American Missionary Society"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["American Missionary Society"],"creators_ssim":["American Missionary Society"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans - Schools for Freedmen.","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Schools -- Berkeley County (W. Va.)","Freedmen's Schools.","Jefferson County - Schools.","Schools -- Berkeley County (W. Va.)","Schools - Jefferson County.","Schools -- West Virginia","Slavery - Schools for Freedmen.","West Virginia - Schools."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans - Schools for Freedmen.","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Schools -- Berkeley County (W. Va.)","Freedmen's Schools.","Jefferson County - Schools.","Schools -- Berkeley County (W. Va.)","Schools - Jefferson County.","Schools -- West Virginia","Slavery - Schools for Freedmen.","West Virginia - Schools."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.04 Linear Feet Summary: 2 ft. 1/2 in. (14 reels of microfilm, 1.75 in. each)"],"extent_tesim":["2.04 Linear Feet Summary: 2 ft. 1/2 in. (14 reels of microfilm, 1.75 in. each)"],"date_range_isim":[1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], American Missionary Society Papers, A\u0026amp;M 2224, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], American Missionary Society Papers, A\u0026M 2224, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8f06841acf466c3390e6576c45c15101\"\u003ePapers which relate to the American Missionary Society's Schools for Freedmen operated by the Society in Virginia and West Virginia. Includes correspondence, teacher's monthly reports, and the superintendent's monthly reports for West Virginia schools located at Harpers Ferry, Shepherdstown, Charles Town, Martinsburg, and Charleston.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Papers which relate to the American Missionary Society's Schools for Freedmen operated by the Society in Virginia and West Virginia. Includes correspondence, teacher's monthly reports, and the superintendent's monthly reports for West Virginia schools located at Harpers Ferry, Shepherdstown, Charles Town, Martinsburg, and Charleston."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_f9e53885070dfa9fcdf9ed081bd6d7d1\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Missionary Society"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Missionary Society"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Missionary Society"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:39:56.899Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6098"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_653","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Brown Family Papers, Photographs and Maps","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_653#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Brown family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_653#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Papers, photographs and maps of a wealthy Morgantown family with interests in real estate and coal mining. Most of the business papers are those of J. M. G. Brown, a West Virginia University law school alumnus, who was president of Scotts Run Fuel Corporation. Brown was also a housing developer whose company, Suburban Real Estate of Morgantown, was a competitive concern not only locally but throughout north central West Virginia and southwest Pennsylvania. There are papers indicating his attempts to open Morgantown to airline service. His sister, Mary Virginia Brown was a genealogist and local historian noted for \u003cem\u003eA History of the Negroes of Monongalia County\u003c/em\u003e. Among her papers are genealogies of the Bannister, Brown, Bushey, Dorsey, Suter and Williams families. There are also original documents of Colonel William McCleary, an early settler of Morgantown. There is also a manuscript \"List of Taxable Property for 1786, Monongalia County,\" including five pages listing residents and their \"tithables,\" horses, and cattle.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_653#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_653","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_653","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_653","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_653","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_653.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195154","title_ssm":["Brown Family Papers, Photographs and Maps"],"title_tesim":["Brown Family Papers, Photographs and Maps"],"unitdate_ssm":["1765-1959"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1765-1959"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2604","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/653"],"text":["A\u0026M 2604","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/653","Brown Family Papers, Photographs and Maps","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Morgantown (W. Va.)","Pennsylvania","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Aeronautics","Property tax - West Virginia - Monongalia County.","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Papers, photographs and maps of a wealthy Morgantown family with interests in real estate and coal mining. Most of the business papers are those of J. M. G. Brown, a West Virginia University law school alumnus, who was president of Scotts Run Fuel Corporation. Brown was also a housing developer whose company, Suburban Real Estate of Morgantown, was a competitive concern not only locally but throughout north central West Virginia and southwest Pennsylvania. There are papers indicating his attempts to open Morgantown to airline service. His sister, Mary Virginia Brown was a genealogist and local historian noted for  A History of the Negroes of Monongalia County . Among her papers are genealogies of the Bannister, Brown, Bushey, Dorsey, Suter and Williams families. There are also original documents of Colonel William McCleary, an early settler of Morgantown. There is also a manuscript \"List of Taxable Property for 1786, Monongalia County,\" including five pages listing residents and their \"tithables,\" horses, and cattle.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Scotts Run Fuel Corporation","Suburban Real Estate of Morgantown.","West Virginia University. College of Law","Brown family","Bannister family","Bushey family","Dorsey family","Souder family","Williams family","Brown, Mary Virginia.","McCleary, Col. William.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2604","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/653"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Brown Family Papers, Photographs and Maps"],"collection_title_tesim":["Brown Family Papers, Photographs and Maps"],"collection_ssim":["Brown Family Papers, Photographs and Maps"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Morgantown (W. Va.)","Pennsylvania"],"geogname_ssim":["Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Morgantown (W. Va.)","Pennsylvania"],"creator_ssm":["Brown family"],"creator_ssim":["Brown family"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Brown family"],"creators_ssim":["Brown family"],"places_ssim":["Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Morgantown (W. Va.)","Pennsylvania"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Aeronautics","Property tax - West Virginia - Monongalia County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Aeronautics","Property tax - West Virginia - Monongalia County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.3 Linear Feet 8 ft. 4 1/4 in. (9 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 records cartons, 15 in. each); (1 small flat storage box, 3 in.); (2 large storage boxes, 3 in. each); (1 folder, 1/4 in.); (1 scrapbook, 1 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["8.3 Linear Feet 8 ft. 4 1/4 in. (9 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 records cartons, 15 in. each); (1 small flat storage box, 3 in.); (2 large storage boxes, 3 in. each); (1 folder, 1/4 in.); (1 scrapbook, 1 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Brown Family Papers, Photographs and Maps, A\u0026amp;M 2604, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Brown Family Papers, Photographs and Maps, A\u0026M 2604, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5731eff8814f17d7cef4361ada71cbcb\"\u003ePapers, photographs and maps of a wealthy Morgantown family with interests in real estate and coal mining. Most of the business papers are those of J. M. G. Brown, a West Virginia University law school alumnus, who was president of Scotts Run Fuel Corporation. Brown was also a housing developer whose company, Suburban Real Estate of Morgantown, was a competitive concern not only locally but throughout north central West Virginia and southwest Pennsylvania. There are papers indicating his attempts to open Morgantown to airline service. His sister, Mary Virginia Brown was a genealogist and local historian noted for \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA History of the Negroes of Monongalia County\u003c/emph\u003e. Among her papers are genealogies of the Bannister, Brown, Bushey, Dorsey, Suter and Williams families. There are also original documents of Colonel William McCleary, an early settler of Morgantown. There is also a manuscript \"List of Taxable Property for 1786, Monongalia County,\" including five pages listing residents and their \"tithables,\" horses, and cattle.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Papers, photographs and maps of a wealthy Morgantown family with interests in real estate and coal mining. Most of the business papers are those of J. M. G. Brown, a West Virginia University law school alumnus, who was president of Scotts Run Fuel Corporation. Brown was also a housing developer whose company, Suburban Real Estate of Morgantown, was a competitive concern not only locally but throughout north central West Virginia and southwest Pennsylvania. There are papers indicating his attempts to open Morgantown to airline service. His sister, Mary Virginia Brown was a genealogist and local historian noted for  A History of the Negroes of Monongalia County . Among her papers are genealogies of the Bannister, Brown, Bushey, Dorsey, Suter and Williams families. There are also original documents of Colonel William McCleary, an early settler of Morgantown. There is also a manuscript \"List of Taxable Property for 1786, Monongalia County,\" including five pages listing residents and their \"tithables,\" horses, and cattle."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_54cc0f5306be367377c81917c7f1203c\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["Scotts Run Fuel Corporation","Suburban Real Estate of Morgantown.","West Virginia University. College of Law","Bannister family","Brown family","Bushey family","Dorsey family","Souder family","Williams family","Brown, Mary Virginia.","McCleary, Col. William."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Scotts Run Fuel Corporation","Suburban Real Estate of Morgantown.","West Virginia University. College of Law","Brown family","Bannister family","Bushey family","Dorsey family","Souder family","Williams family","Brown, Mary Virginia.","McCleary, Col. William."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Scotts Run Fuel Corporation","Suburban Real Estate of Morgantown.","West Virginia University. College of Law"],"famname_ssim":["Brown family","Bannister family","Bushey family","Dorsey family","Souder family","Williams family"],"persname_ssim":["Brown, Mary Virginia.","McCleary, Col. William."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:38:51.003Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_653","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_653","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_653","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_653","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_653.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195154","title_ssm":["Brown Family Papers, Photographs and Maps"],"title_tesim":["Brown Family Papers, Photographs and Maps"],"unitdate_ssm":["1765-1959"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1765-1959"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2604","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/653"],"text":["A\u0026M 2604","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/653","Brown Family Papers, Photographs and Maps","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Morgantown (W. Va.)","Pennsylvania","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Aeronautics","Property tax - West Virginia - Monongalia County.","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Papers, photographs and maps of a wealthy Morgantown family with interests in real estate and coal mining. Most of the business papers are those of J. M. G. Brown, a West Virginia University law school alumnus, who was president of Scotts Run Fuel Corporation. Brown was also a housing developer whose company, Suburban Real Estate of Morgantown, was a competitive concern not only locally but throughout north central West Virginia and southwest Pennsylvania. There are papers indicating his attempts to open Morgantown to airline service. His sister, Mary Virginia Brown was a genealogist and local historian noted for  A History of the Negroes of Monongalia County . Among her papers are genealogies of the Bannister, Brown, Bushey, Dorsey, Suter and Williams families. There are also original documents of Colonel William McCleary, an early settler of Morgantown. There is also a manuscript \"List of Taxable Property for 1786, Monongalia County,\" including five pages listing residents and their \"tithables,\" horses, and cattle.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Scotts Run Fuel Corporation","Suburban Real Estate of Morgantown.","West Virginia University. College of Law","Brown family","Bannister family","Bushey family","Dorsey family","Souder family","Williams family","Brown, Mary Virginia.","McCleary, Col. William.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2604","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/653"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Brown Family Papers, Photographs and Maps"],"collection_title_tesim":["Brown Family Papers, Photographs and Maps"],"collection_ssim":["Brown Family Papers, Photographs and Maps"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Morgantown (W. Va.)","Pennsylvania"],"geogname_ssim":["Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Morgantown (W. Va.)","Pennsylvania"],"creator_ssm":["Brown family"],"creator_ssim":["Brown family"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Brown family"],"creators_ssim":["Brown family"],"places_ssim":["Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Morgantown (W. Va.)","Pennsylvania"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Aeronautics","Property tax - West Virginia - Monongalia County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Aeronautics","Property tax - West Virginia - Monongalia County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.3 Linear Feet 8 ft. 4 1/4 in. (9 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 records cartons, 15 in. each); (1 small flat storage box, 3 in.); (2 large storage boxes, 3 in. each); (1 folder, 1/4 in.); (1 scrapbook, 1 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["8.3 Linear Feet 8 ft. 4 1/4 in. (9 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 records cartons, 15 in. each); (1 small flat storage box, 3 in.); (2 large storage boxes, 3 in. each); (1 folder, 1/4 in.); (1 scrapbook, 1 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Brown Family Papers, Photographs and Maps, A\u0026amp;M 2604, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Brown Family Papers, Photographs and Maps, A\u0026M 2604, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5731eff8814f17d7cef4361ada71cbcb\"\u003ePapers, photographs and maps of a wealthy Morgantown family with interests in real estate and coal mining. Most of the business papers are those of J. M. G. Brown, a West Virginia University law school alumnus, who was president of Scotts Run Fuel Corporation. Brown was also a housing developer whose company, Suburban Real Estate of Morgantown, was a competitive concern not only locally but throughout north central West Virginia and southwest Pennsylvania. There are papers indicating his attempts to open Morgantown to airline service. His sister, Mary Virginia Brown was a genealogist and local historian noted for \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA History of the Negroes of Monongalia County\u003c/emph\u003e. Among her papers are genealogies of the Bannister, Brown, Bushey, Dorsey, Suter and Williams families. There are also original documents of Colonel William McCleary, an early settler of Morgantown. There is also a manuscript \"List of Taxable Property for 1786, Monongalia County,\" including five pages listing residents and their \"tithables,\" horses, and cattle.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Papers, photographs and maps of a wealthy Morgantown family with interests in real estate and coal mining. Most of the business papers are those of J. M. G. Brown, a West Virginia University law school alumnus, who was president of Scotts Run Fuel Corporation. Brown was also a housing developer whose company, Suburban Real Estate of Morgantown, was a competitive concern not only locally but throughout north central West Virginia and southwest Pennsylvania. There are papers indicating his attempts to open Morgantown to airline service. His sister, Mary Virginia Brown was a genealogist and local historian noted for  A History of the Negroes of Monongalia County . Among her papers are genealogies of the Bannister, Brown, Bushey, Dorsey, Suter and Williams families. There are also original documents of Colonel William McCleary, an early settler of Morgantown. There is also a manuscript \"List of Taxable Property for 1786, Monongalia County,\" including five pages listing residents and their \"tithables,\" horses, and cattle."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_54cc0f5306be367377c81917c7f1203c\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["Scotts Run Fuel Corporation","Suburban Real Estate of Morgantown.","West Virginia University. College of Law","Bannister family","Brown family","Bushey family","Dorsey family","Souder family","Williams family","Brown, Mary Virginia.","McCleary, Col. William."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Scotts Run Fuel Corporation","Suburban Real Estate of Morgantown.","West Virginia University. College of Law","Brown family","Bannister family","Bushey family","Dorsey family","Souder family","Williams family","Brown, Mary Virginia.","McCleary, Col. William."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Scotts Run Fuel Corporation","Suburban Real Estate of Morgantown.","West Virginia University. College of Law"],"famname_ssim":["Brown family","Bannister family","Bushey family","Dorsey family","Souder family","Williams family"],"persname_ssim":["Brown, Mary Virginia.","McCleary, Col. William."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:38:51.003Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_653"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1080","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"First Baptist Church of Parkersburg Records","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1080#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"First Baptist Church, Parkersburg","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1080#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Minutes of the church, 1817-1910, and of the Parkersburg Baptist Association, 1819-1869. Lists and reports of member churches, including Hughes River, Marietta, Bethesda, Sampson Creek, Mount Zion, Reedy Creek, and Elizabeth. Lists of early members (white and black) of the First Baptist Church 1817-1844. An historical sketch of the Parkersburg Baptist Association written by Rev. J.W. Carter in 1869, with a statistical report on member churches 1818-1869.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1080#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1080","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1080","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1080","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1080","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1080.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195505","title_ssm":["First Baptist Church of Parkersburg Records"],"title_tesim":["First Baptist Church of Parkersburg Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1817-1910"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1817-1910"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2952","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1080"],"text":["A\u0026M 2952","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1080","First Baptist Church of Parkersburg Records","Wood County (W. Va.)","Parkersburg (W. Va.)","Baptists","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Churches  -- Parkersburg First Baptist","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Minutes of the church, 1817-1910, and of the Parkersburg Baptist Association, 1819-1869. Lists and reports of member churches, including Hughes River, Marietta, Bethesda, Sampson Creek, Mount Zion, Reedy Creek, and Elizabeth. Lists of early members (white and black) of the First Baptist Church 1817-1844. An historical sketch of the Parkersburg Baptist Association written by Rev. J.W. Carter in 1869, with a statistical report on member churches 1818-1869.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","First Baptist Church, Parkersburg","Parkersburg Baptist Association","Carter, Rev. J.W.","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2952","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1080"],"normalized_title_ssm":["First Baptist Church of Parkersburg Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["First Baptist Church of Parkersburg Records"],"collection_ssim":["First Baptist Church of Parkersburg Records"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Wood County (W. Va.)","Parkersburg (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Wood County (W. Va.)","Parkersburg (W. Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["First Baptist Church, Parkersburg"],"creator_ssim":["First Baptist Church, Parkersburg"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["First Baptist Church, Parkersburg"],"creators_ssim":["First Baptist Church, Parkersburg"],"places_ssim":["Wood County (W. Va.)","Parkersburg (W. Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Baptists","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Churches  -- Parkersburg First Baptist"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Baptists","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Churches  -- Parkersburg First Baptist"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.15 Linear Feet Summary: 1 3/4 in. (1 reel of microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["0.15 Linear Feet Summary: 1 3/4 in. (1 reel of microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], First Baptist Church of Parkersburg Records, A\u0026amp;M 2952, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], First Baptist Church of Parkersburg Records, A\u0026M 2952, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1e68e45045271da6cbf2f1fdf10f52fd\"\u003eMinutes of the church, 1817-1910, and of the Parkersburg Baptist Association, 1819-1869. Lists and reports of member churches, including Hughes River, Marietta, Bethesda, Sampson Creek, Mount Zion, Reedy Creek, and Elizabeth. Lists of early members (white and black) of the First Baptist Church 1817-1844. An historical sketch of the Parkersburg Baptist Association written by Rev. J.W. Carter in 1869, with a statistical report on member churches 1818-1869.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Minutes of the church, 1817-1910, and of the Parkersburg Baptist Association, 1819-1869. Lists and reports of member churches, including Hughes River, Marietta, Bethesda, Sampson Creek, Mount Zion, Reedy Creek, and Elizabeth. Lists of early members (white and black) of the First Baptist Church 1817-1844. An historical sketch of the Parkersburg Baptist Association written by Rev. J.W. Carter in 1869, with a statistical report on member churches 1818-1869."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_b1d65172acc49f1726807ac2246d8a2e\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["Parkersburg Baptist Association","Carter, Rev. J.W."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","First Baptist Church, Parkersburg","Parkersburg Baptist Association","Carter, Rev. J.W."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","First Baptist Church, Parkersburg","Parkersburg Baptist Association"],"persname_ssim":["Carter, Rev. J.W."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:50:29.073Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1080","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1080","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1080","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1080","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1080.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195505","title_ssm":["First Baptist Church of Parkersburg Records"],"title_tesim":["First Baptist Church of Parkersburg Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1817-1910"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1817-1910"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2952","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1080"],"text":["A\u0026M 2952","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1080","First Baptist Church of Parkersburg Records","Wood County (W. Va.)","Parkersburg (W. Va.)","Baptists","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Churches  -- Parkersburg First Baptist","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Minutes of the church, 1817-1910, and of the Parkersburg Baptist Association, 1819-1869. Lists and reports of member churches, including Hughes River, Marietta, Bethesda, Sampson Creek, Mount Zion, Reedy Creek, and Elizabeth. Lists of early members (white and black) of the First Baptist Church 1817-1844. An historical sketch of the Parkersburg Baptist Association written by Rev. J.W. Carter in 1869, with a statistical report on member churches 1818-1869.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","First Baptist Church, Parkersburg","Parkersburg Baptist Association","Carter, Rev. J.W.","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2952","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1080"],"normalized_title_ssm":["First Baptist Church of Parkersburg Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["First Baptist Church of Parkersburg Records"],"collection_ssim":["First Baptist Church of Parkersburg Records"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Wood County (W. Va.)","Parkersburg (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Wood County (W. Va.)","Parkersburg (W. Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["First Baptist Church, Parkersburg"],"creator_ssim":["First Baptist Church, Parkersburg"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["First Baptist Church, Parkersburg"],"creators_ssim":["First Baptist Church, Parkersburg"],"places_ssim":["Wood County (W. Va.)","Parkersburg (W. Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Baptists","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Churches  -- Parkersburg First Baptist"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Baptists","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Churches  -- Parkersburg First Baptist"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.15 Linear Feet Summary: 1 3/4 in. (1 reel of microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["0.15 Linear Feet Summary: 1 3/4 in. (1 reel of microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], First Baptist Church of Parkersburg Records, A\u0026amp;M 2952, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], First Baptist Church of Parkersburg Records, A\u0026M 2952, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1e68e45045271da6cbf2f1fdf10f52fd\"\u003eMinutes of the church, 1817-1910, and of the Parkersburg Baptist Association, 1819-1869. Lists and reports of member churches, including Hughes River, Marietta, Bethesda, Sampson Creek, Mount Zion, Reedy Creek, and Elizabeth. Lists of early members (white and black) of the First Baptist Church 1817-1844. An historical sketch of the Parkersburg Baptist Association written by Rev. J.W. Carter in 1869, with a statistical report on member churches 1818-1869.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Minutes of the church, 1817-1910, and of the Parkersburg Baptist Association, 1819-1869. Lists and reports of member churches, including Hughes River, Marietta, Bethesda, Sampson Creek, Mount Zion, Reedy Creek, and Elizabeth. Lists of early members (white and black) of the First Baptist Church 1817-1844. An historical sketch of the Parkersburg Baptist Association written by Rev. J.W. Carter in 1869, with a statistical report on member churches 1818-1869."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_b1d65172acc49f1726807ac2246d8a2e\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["Parkersburg Baptist Association","Carter, Rev. J.W."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","First Baptist Church, Parkersburg","Parkersburg Baptist Association","Carter, Rev. J.W."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","First Baptist Church, Parkersburg","Parkersburg Baptist Association"],"persname_ssim":["Carter, Rev. J.W."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:50:29.073Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1080"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_955","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Gibson Lamb Cranmer Papers regarding Statehood and Other Material","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_955#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Papers regarding West Virginia statehood and the history of Wheeling and Ohio County compiled by Judge Gibson L. Cranmer (1826-1903) of Wheeling, West Virginia, who served as secretary of the Wheeling Convention that repudiated Virginia's secession from the United States in 1861. Series 1 includes manuscript narratives and correspondence describing events of the West Virginia statehood movement, written by eyewitnesses at the request of Gibson L. Cranmer. Manuscript authors include John S. Burdett, John S. Carlile, Daniel Frost, Lewis Ruffner, and Benjamin Wilson. Series 2 includes Cranmer's handwritten notes, drafts of articles, copies of documents, and letters solicited by him regarding the history of Wheeling and Ohio County, West Virginia. See Scope and Content Note for details and contents list.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_955#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_955","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_955","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_955","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_955","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_955.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195400","title_ssm":["Gibson Lamb Cranmer Papers regarding Statehood and Other Material"],"title_tesim":["Gibson Lamb Cranmer Papers regarding Statehood and Other Material"],"unitdate_ssm":["1787-1895, undated","1822-1881"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1822-1881"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1787-1895, undated"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2848","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/955"],"text":["A\u0026M 2848","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/955","Gibson Lamb Cranmer Papers regarding Statehood and Other Material","Barbour County (W. Va.)","Canada","Chambless","Jackson County (W. Va.)","Kanawha County (W. Va.)","Logan County (W. Va.)","Mason County (W. Va.)","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Ohio County (W. Va.)","Putnam County (W. Va.)","Randolph County (W. Va.)","Richmond (Va.)","Roane County (W. Va.)","Taylor County (W. Va.)","Tyler County (W. Va.)","Uniontown (Fayette County, Pa.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Upshur County (W. Va.)","West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","West Virginia - Politics and government - 1861-1865.","West Virginia","Wheeling (W. Va.)","Wood County (W. Va.)","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Confederate States of America - secession crisis.","Philippi, Battle of, Philippi, W. Va., 1861","Postal service","Secession","Slavery","Slaves","Transportation","West Virginia. Convention (1861 : Wheeling)","West Virginia. Convention (1863 : Wheeling)","No special access restriction applies.","Judge Gibson Lamb Cranmer (20 February 1826-1903) was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He went to Wheeling, [West] Virginia at age 17 to study law with his relative, Daniel Lamb, Esq. He then moved to Springfield, Illinois, and practiced law. On 22 May 1849, Cranmer was married to Oella Zane, daughter of Daniel Zane. In 1850, he returned to Wheeling. He served as president of the Antietam National Cemetery Association at the time that the burial ground was turned over to the national government. He was also judge of the Municipal Court of Wheeling for 8 years.","Cranmer was a member of the General Assembly of Virginia from Ohio County during the session of 1855-1856. He was a delegate to and secretary of the First Wheeling Convention. He was made secretary of the First Session of the Second Wheeling Convention, and was clerk of the House of Delegates of the \"Restored Government of Virginia.\" Cranmer was also the custodian of the manuscript proceedings, journals, and other documents of the two Conventions. Cranmer's home on Wheeling Island was flooded in 1884, which likely destroyed all of the manuscripts. It is possible that the Convention proceedings were shipped to Alexandria, Virginia, in the 1860s, but if that is the case, they have been lost. For more information on the proceedings, see  How West Virginia was Made , by Virgil A. Lewis, [Charleston, W. Va., News-Mail Company, Public Printer], 1909.","Papers regarding West Virginia statehood and the history of Wheeling and Ohio County compiled by Judge Gibson L. Cranmer (1826-1903) of Wheeling, West Virginia, who served as secretary of the Wheeling Convention that repudiated Virginia's secession from the United States in 1861.","Series 1. West Virginia Statehood Papers; 1861-1864, undated; box 1.  This series includes manuscript narratives and correspondence describing events of the West Virginia statehood movement, written by eyewitnesses at the request of Gibson L. Cranmer. Manuscript authors include John S. Burdett, John S. Carlile, Daniel Frost, Lewis Ruffner, and Benjamin Wilson. 34 items, 76 leaves in box 1. Note that each original item in box 1 (except those in folders 11 and 12) is accompanied by a typescript description. Transcripts for the original items in box 1, folders 1-3, 6-7, and 10-12 are in folder 13.","Series 2. History of Wheeling and Ohio County, West Virginia Papers; 1787-1895, undated; box 2.  This series includes Cranmer's handwritten notes, drafts of articles, copies of documents, and letters solicited by him regarding the history of Wheeling and Ohio County, West Virginia.","For additional information on the history of Wheeling and Ohio County, West Virginia, see ","History of Wheeling City and Ohio County, West Virginia and Representative Citizens , edited and compiled by Gibson Lamb Cranmer (Wheeling, WV: Wheeling Genealogy Society, [1994], or Chicago, Ill.: Biographical Publishing Company, 1902). Content from some of the manuscripts in this collection was used in the book.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Papers regarding West Virginia statehood and the history of Wheeling and Ohio County compiled by Judge Gibson L. Cranmer (1826-1903) of Wheeling, West Virginia, who served as secretary of the Wheeling Convention that repudiated Virginia's secession from the United States in 1861. Series 1 includes manuscript narratives and correspondence describing events of the West Virginia statehood movement, written by eyewitnesses at the request of Gibson L. Cranmer. Manuscript authors include John S. Burdett, John S. Carlile, Daniel Frost, Lewis Ruffner, and Benjamin Wilson. Series 2 includes Cranmer's handwritten notes, drafts of articles, copies of documents, and letters solicited by him regarding the history of Wheeling and Ohio County, West Virginia. See Scope and Content Note for details and contents list.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Confederate States of America","Cumberland Road","Armstrong, Ned.","Basil, Ben.","Brown, James H.","Burdett, John S.","Carlile, John S. (John Snyder), 1817-1878","Cranmer, Gibson L. (Gibson Lamb), 1826-1903","Duvall, George W.","Flesher, A.","Frost, Daniel Marsh, 1823-1900.","Harnsborough, Mayor.","Haymond, Jonathan.","Horton, W.","Lamb, Daniel.","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","McCausland, John, 1836-1927","McComas, Judge.","Park, J.A.","Patrick, Dr.","Roberts, L.A.","Ruffner, Lewis, 1797-1883.","Scott, J.F.","Smith, Col. B.H.","Smith, Joseph.","Summers, Judge.","Tompkins, Charles H., 1830-","Turner, F.P.","Ward, Everett.","Wilson, Benjamin, 1825-1901","Wise, Henry A. (Henry Alexander), 1806-1876","Wise, O. Jennings.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2848","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/955"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Gibson Lamb Cranmer Papers regarding Statehood and Other Material"],"collection_title_tesim":["Gibson Lamb Cranmer Papers regarding Statehood and Other Material"],"collection_ssim":["Gibson Lamb Cranmer Papers regarding Statehood and Other Material"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Barbour County (W. Va.)","Canada","Chambless","Jackson County (W. Va.)","Kanawha County (W. Va.)","Logan County (W. Va.)","Mason County (W. Va.)","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Ohio County (W. Va.)","Putnam County (W. Va.)","Randolph County (W. Va.)","Richmond (Va.)","Roane County (W. Va.)","Taylor County (W. Va.)","Tyler County (W. Va.)","Uniontown (Fayette County, Pa.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Upshur County (W. Va.)","West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","West Virginia - Politics and government - 1861-1865.","West Virginia","Wheeling (W. Va.)","Wood County (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Barbour County (W. Va.)","Canada","Chambless","Jackson County (W. Va.)","Kanawha County (W. Va.)","Logan County (W. Va.)","Mason County (W. Va.)","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Ohio County (W. Va.)","Putnam County (W. Va.)","Randolph County (W. Va.)","Richmond (Va.)","Roane County (W. Va.)","Taylor County (W. Va.)","Tyler County (W. Va.)","Uniontown (Fayette County, Pa.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Upshur County (W. Va.)","West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","West Virginia - Politics and government - 1861-1865.","West Virginia","Wheeling (W. Va.)","Wood County (W. Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Barbour County (W. Va.)","Canada","Chambless","Jackson County (W. Va.)","Kanawha County (W. Va.)","Logan County (W. Va.)","Mason County (W. Va.)","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Ohio County (W. Va.)","Putnam County (W. Va.)","Randolph County (W. Va.)","Richmond (Va.)","Roane County (W. Va.)","Taylor County (W. Va.)","Tyler County (W. Va.)","Uniontown (Fayette County, Pa.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Upshur County (W. Va.)","West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","West Virginia - Politics and government - 1861-1865.","West Virginia","Wheeling (W. Va.)","Wood County (W. Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Confederate States of America - secession crisis.","Philippi, Battle of, Philippi, W. Va., 1861","Postal service","Secession","Slavery","Slaves","Transportation","West Virginia. Convention (1861 : Wheeling)","West Virginia. Convention (1863 : Wheeling)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Confederate States of America - secession crisis.","Philippi, Battle of, Philippi, W. Va., 1861","Postal service","Secession","Slavery","Slaves","Transportation","West Virginia. Convention (1861 : Wheeling)","West Virginia. Convention (1863 : Wheeling)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.4 Linear Feet 5 in. (2 document cases, 2 1/2 in. each)"],"extent_tesim":["0.4 Linear Feet 5 in. (2 document cases, 2 1/2 in. each)"],"date_range_isim":[1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJudge Gibson Lamb Cranmer (20 February 1826-1903) was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He went to Wheeling, [West] Virginia at age 17 to study law with his relative, Daniel Lamb, Esq. He then moved to Springfield, Illinois, and practiced law. On 22 May 1849, Cranmer was married to Oella Zane, daughter of Daniel Zane. In 1850, he returned to Wheeling. He served as president of the Antietam National Cemetery Association at the time that the burial ground was turned over to the national government. He was also judge of the Municipal Court of Wheeling for 8 years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCranmer was a member of the General Assembly of Virginia from Ohio County during the session of 1855-1856. He was a delegate to and secretary of the First Wheeling Convention. He was made secretary of the First Session of the Second Wheeling Convention, and was clerk of the House of Delegates of the \"Restored Government of Virginia.\" Cranmer was also the custodian of the manuscript proceedings, journals, and other documents of the two Conventions. Cranmer's home on Wheeling Island was flooded in 1884, which likely destroyed all of the manuscripts. It is possible that the Convention proceedings were shipped to Alexandria, Virginia, in the 1860s, but if that is the case, they have been lost. For more information on the proceedings, see \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHow West Virginia was Made\u003c/emph\u003e, by Virgil A. Lewis, [Charleston, W. Va., News-Mail Company, Public Printer], 1909.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Judge Gibson Lamb Cranmer (20 February 1826-1903) was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He went to Wheeling, [West] Virginia at age 17 to study law with his relative, Daniel Lamb, Esq. He then moved to Springfield, Illinois, and practiced law. On 22 May 1849, Cranmer was married to Oella Zane, daughter of Daniel Zane. In 1850, he returned to Wheeling. He served as president of the Antietam National Cemetery Association at the time that the burial ground was turned over to the national government. He was also judge of the Municipal Court of Wheeling for 8 years.","Cranmer was a member of the General Assembly of Virginia from Ohio County during the session of 1855-1856. He was a delegate to and secretary of the First Wheeling Convention. He was made secretary of the First Session of the Second Wheeling Convention, and was clerk of the House of Delegates of the \"Restored Government of Virginia.\" Cranmer was also the custodian of the manuscript proceedings, journals, and other documents of the two Conventions. Cranmer's home on Wheeling Island was flooded in 1884, which likely destroyed all of the manuscripts. It is possible that the Convention proceedings were shipped to Alexandria, Virginia, in the 1860s, but if that is the case, they have been lost. For more information on the proceedings, see  How West Virginia was Made , by Virgil A. Lewis, [Charleston, W. Va., News-Mail Company, Public Printer], 1909."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Gibson Lamb Cranmer Papers regarding Statehood and Other Material, A\u0026amp;M 2848, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Gibson Lamb Cranmer Papers regarding Statehood and Other Material, A\u0026M 2848, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers regarding West Virginia statehood and the history of Wheeling and Ohio County compiled by Judge Gibson L. Cranmer (1826-1903) of Wheeling, West Virginia, who served as secretary of the Wheeling Convention that repudiated Virginia's secession from the United States in 1861.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1. West Virginia Statehood Papers; 1861-1864, undated; box 1.\u003c/emph\u003e This series includes manuscript narratives and correspondence describing events of the West Virginia statehood movement, written by eyewitnesses at the request of Gibson L. Cranmer. Manuscript authors include John S. Burdett, John S. Carlile, Daniel Frost, Lewis Ruffner, and Benjamin Wilson. 34 items, 76 leaves in box 1. Note that each original item in box 1 (except those in folders 11 and 12) is accompanied by a typescript description. Transcripts for the original items in box 1, folders 1-3, 6-7, and 10-12 are in folder 13.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2. History of Wheeling and Ohio County, West Virginia Papers; 1787-1895, undated; box 2.\u003c/emph\u003e This series includes Cranmer's handwritten notes, drafts of articles, copies of documents, and letters solicited by him regarding the history of Wheeling and Ohio County, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor additional information on the history of Wheeling and Ohio County, West Virginia, see \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHistory of Wheeling City and Ohio County, West Virginia and Representative Citizens\u003c/emph\u003e, edited and compiled by Gibson Lamb Cranmer (Wheeling, WV: Wheeling Genealogy Society, [1994], or Chicago, Ill.: Biographical Publishing Company, 1902). Content from some of the manuscripts in this collection was used in the book.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers regarding West Virginia statehood and the history of Wheeling and Ohio County compiled by Judge Gibson L. Cranmer (1826-1903) of Wheeling, West Virginia, who served as secretary of the Wheeling Convention that repudiated Virginia's secession from the United States in 1861.","Series 1. West Virginia Statehood Papers; 1861-1864, undated; box 1.  This series includes manuscript narratives and correspondence describing events of the West Virginia statehood movement, written by eyewitnesses at the request of Gibson L. Cranmer. Manuscript authors include John S. Burdett, John S. Carlile, Daniel Frost, Lewis Ruffner, and Benjamin Wilson. 34 items, 76 leaves in box 1. Note that each original item in box 1 (except those in folders 11 and 12) is accompanied by a typescript description. Transcripts for the original items in box 1, folders 1-3, 6-7, and 10-12 are in folder 13.","Series 2. History of Wheeling and Ohio County, West Virginia Papers; 1787-1895, undated; box 2.  This series includes Cranmer's handwritten notes, drafts of articles, copies of documents, and letters solicited by him regarding the history of Wheeling and Ohio County, West Virginia.","For additional information on the history of Wheeling and Ohio County, West Virginia, see ","History of Wheeling City and Ohio County, West Virginia and Representative Citizens , edited and compiled by Gibson Lamb Cranmer (Wheeling, WV: Wheeling Genealogy Society, [1994], or Chicago, Ill.: Biographical Publishing Company, 1902). Content from some of the manuscripts in this collection was used in the book."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_6c3a4521e4faef541eee37336ab34e01\"\u003ePapers regarding West Virginia statehood and the history of Wheeling and Ohio County compiled by Judge Gibson L. Cranmer (1826-1903) of Wheeling, West Virginia, who served as secretary of the Wheeling Convention that repudiated Virginia's secession from the United States in 1861. Series 1 includes manuscript narratives and correspondence describing events of the West Virginia statehood movement, written by eyewitnesses at the request of Gibson L. Cranmer. Manuscript authors include John S. Burdett, John S. Carlile, Daniel Frost, Lewis Ruffner, and Benjamin Wilson. Series 2 includes Cranmer's handwritten notes, drafts of articles, copies of documents, and letters solicited by him regarding the history of Wheeling and Ohio County, West Virginia. See Scope and Content Note for details and contents list.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Papers regarding West Virginia statehood and the history of Wheeling and Ohio County compiled by Judge Gibson L. Cranmer (1826-1903) of Wheeling, West Virginia, who served as secretary of the Wheeling Convention that repudiated Virginia's secession from the United States in 1861. Series 1 includes manuscript narratives and correspondence describing events of the West Virginia statehood movement, written by eyewitnesses at the request of Gibson L. Cranmer. Manuscript authors include John S. Burdett, John S. Carlile, Daniel Frost, Lewis Ruffner, and Benjamin Wilson. Series 2 includes Cranmer's handwritten notes, drafts of articles, copies of documents, and letters solicited by him regarding the history of Wheeling and Ohio County, West Virginia. See Scope and Content Note for details and contents list."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_9eaa8621db08f2bd2260da54fa8f69aa\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["Confederate States of America","Cumberland Road","Armstrong, Ned.","Basil, Ben.","Brown, James H.","Burdett, John S.","Carlile, John S. (John Snyder), 1817-1878","Cranmer, Gibson L. (Gibson Lamb), 1826-1903","Duvall, George W.","Flesher, A.","Frost, Daniel Marsh, 1823-1900.","Harnsborough, Mayor.","Haymond, Jonathan.","Horton, W.","Lamb, Daniel.","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","McCausland, John, 1836-1927","McComas, Judge.","Park, J.A.","Patrick, Dr.","Roberts, L.A.","Ruffner, Lewis, 1797-1883.","Scott, J.F.","Smith, Col. B.H.","Smith, Joseph.","Summers, Judge.","Tompkins, Charles H., 1830-","Turner, F.P.","Ward, Everett.","Wilson, Benjamin, 1825-1901","Wise, Henry A. (Henry Alexander), 1806-1876","Wise, O. Jennings."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Confederate States of America","Cumberland Road","Armstrong, Ned.","Basil, Ben.","Brown, James H.","Burdett, John S.","Carlile, John S. (John Snyder), 1817-1878","Cranmer, Gibson L. (Gibson Lamb), 1826-1903","Duvall, George W.","Flesher, A.","Frost, Daniel Marsh, 1823-1900.","Harnsborough, Mayor.","Haymond, Jonathan.","Horton, W.","Lamb, Daniel.","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","McCausland, John, 1836-1927","McComas, Judge.","Park, J.A.","Patrick, Dr.","Roberts, L.A.","Ruffner, Lewis, 1797-1883.","Scott, J.F.","Smith, Col. B.H.","Smith, Joseph.","Summers, Judge.","Tompkins, Charles H., 1830-","Turner, F.P.","Ward, Everett.","Wilson, Benjamin, 1825-1901","Wise, Henry A. (Henry Alexander), 1806-1876","Wise, O. Jennings."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Confederate States of America","Cumberland Road"],"persname_ssim":["Armstrong, Ned.","Basil, Ben.","Brown, James H.","Burdett, John S.","Carlile, John S. (John Snyder), 1817-1878","Cranmer, Gibson L. (Gibson Lamb), 1826-1903","Duvall, George W.","Flesher, A.","Frost, Daniel Marsh, 1823-1900.","Harnsborough, Mayor.","Haymond, Jonathan.","Horton, W.","Lamb, Daniel.","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","McCausland, John, 1836-1927","McComas, Judge.","Park, J.A.","Patrick, Dr.","Roberts, L.A.","Ruffner, Lewis, 1797-1883.","Scott, J.F.","Smith, Col. B.H.","Smith, Joseph.","Summers, Judge.","Tompkins, Charles H., 1830-","Turner, F.P.","Ward, Everett.","Wilson, Benjamin, 1825-1901","Wise, Henry A. (Henry Alexander), 1806-1876","Wise, O. Jennings."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":52,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:43:26.630Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_955","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_955","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_955","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_955","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_955.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195400","title_ssm":["Gibson Lamb Cranmer Papers regarding Statehood and Other Material"],"title_tesim":["Gibson Lamb Cranmer Papers regarding Statehood and Other Material"],"unitdate_ssm":["1787-1895, undated","1822-1881"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1822-1881"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1787-1895, undated"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2848","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/955"],"text":["A\u0026M 2848","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/955","Gibson Lamb Cranmer Papers regarding Statehood and Other Material","Barbour County (W. Va.)","Canada","Chambless","Jackson County (W. Va.)","Kanawha County (W. Va.)","Logan County (W. Va.)","Mason County (W. Va.)","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Ohio County (W. Va.)","Putnam County (W. Va.)","Randolph County (W. Va.)","Richmond (Va.)","Roane County (W. Va.)","Taylor County (W. Va.)","Tyler County (W. Va.)","Uniontown (Fayette County, Pa.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Upshur County (W. Va.)","West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","West Virginia - Politics and government - 1861-1865.","West Virginia","Wheeling (W. Va.)","Wood County (W. Va.)","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Confederate States of America - secession crisis.","Philippi, Battle of, Philippi, W. Va., 1861","Postal service","Secession","Slavery","Slaves","Transportation","West Virginia. Convention (1861 : Wheeling)","West Virginia. Convention (1863 : Wheeling)","No special access restriction applies.","Judge Gibson Lamb Cranmer (20 February 1826-1903) was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He went to Wheeling, [West] Virginia at age 17 to study law with his relative, Daniel Lamb, Esq. He then moved to Springfield, Illinois, and practiced law. On 22 May 1849, Cranmer was married to Oella Zane, daughter of Daniel Zane. In 1850, he returned to Wheeling. He served as president of the Antietam National Cemetery Association at the time that the burial ground was turned over to the national government. He was also judge of the Municipal Court of Wheeling for 8 years.","Cranmer was a member of the General Assembly of Virginia from Ohio County during the session of 1855-1856. He was a delegate to and secretary of the First Wheeling Convention. He was made secretary of the First Session of the Second Wheeling Convention, and was clerk of the House of Delegates of the \"Restored Government of Virginia.\" Cranmer was also the custodian of the manuscript proceedings, journals, and other documents of the two Conventions. Cranmer's home on Wheeling Island was flooded in 1884, which likely destroyed all of the manuscripts. It is possible that the Convention proceedings were shipped to Alexandria, Virginia, in the 1860s, but if that is the case, they have been lost. For more information on the proceedings, see  How West Virginia was Made , by Virgil A. Lewis, [Charleston, W. Va., News-Mail Company, Public Printer], 1909.","Papers regarding West Virginia statehood and the history of Wheeling and Ohio County compiled by Judge Gibson L. Cranmer (1826-1903) of Wheeling, West Virginia, who served as secretary of the Wheeling Convention that repudiated Virginia's secession from the United States in 1861.","Series 1. West Virginia Statehood Papers; 1861-1864, undated; box 1.  This series includes manuscript narratives and correspondence describing events of the West Virginia statehood movement, written by eyewitnesses at the request of Gibson L. Cranmer. Manuscript authors include John S. Burdett, John S. Carlile, Daniel Frost, Lewis Ruffner, and Benjamin Wilson. 34 items, 76 leaves in box 1. Note that each original item in box 1 (except those in folders 11 and 12) is accompanied by a typescript description. Transcripts for the original items in box 1, folders 1-3, 6-7, and 10-12 are in folder 13.","Series 2. History of Wheeling and Ohio County, West Virginia Papers; 1787-1895, undated; box 2.  This series includes Cranmer's handwritten notes, drafts of articles, copies of documents, and letters solicited by him regarding the history of Wheeling and Ohio County, West Virginia.","For additional information on the history of Wheeling and Ohio County, West Virginia, see ","History of Wheeling City and Ohio County, West Virginia and Representative Citizens , edited and compiled by Gibson Lamb Cranmer (Wheeling, WV: Wheeling Genealogy Society, [1994], or Chicago, Ill.: Biographical Publishing Company, 1902). Content from some of the manuscripts in this collection was used in the book.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Papers regarding West Virginia statehood and the history of Wheeling and Ohio County compiled by Judge Gibson L. Cranmer (1826-1903) of Wheeling, West Virginia, who served as secretary of the Wheeling Convention that repudiated Virginia's secession from the United States in 1861. Series 1 includes manuscript narratives and correspondence describing events of the West Virginia statehood movement, written by eyewitnesses at the request of Gibson L. Cranmer. Manuscript authors include John S. Burdett, John S. Carlile, Daniel Frost, Lewis Ruffner, and Benjamin Wilson. Series 2 includes Cranmer's handwritten notes, drafts of articles, copies of documents, and letters solicited by him regarding the history of Wheeling and Ohio County, West Virginia. See Scope and Content Note for details and contents list.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Confederate States of America","Cumberland Road","Armstrong, Ned.","Basil, Ben.","Brown, James H.","Burdett, John S.","Carlile, John S. (John Snyder), 1817-1878","Cranmer, Gibson L. (Gibson Lamb), 1826-1903","Duvall, George W.","Flesher, A.","Frost, Daniel Marsh, 1823-1900.","Harnsborough, Mayor.","Haymond, Jonathan.","Horton, W.","Lamb, Daniel.","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","McCausland, John, 1836-1927","McComas, Judge.","Park, J.A.","Patrick, Dr.","Roberts, L.A.","Ruffner, Lewis, 1797-1883.","Scott, J.F.","Smith, Col. B.H.","Smith, Joseph.","Summers, Judge.","Tompkins, Charles H., 1830-","Turner, F.P.","Ward, Everett.","Wilson, Benjamin, 1825-1901","Wise, Henry A. (Henry Alexander), 1806-1876","Wise, O. Jennings.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2848","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/955"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Gibson Lamb Cranmer Papers regarding Statehood and Other Material"],"collection_title_tesim":["Gibson Lamb Cranmer Papers regarding Statehood and Other Material"],"collection_ssim":["Gibson Lamb Cranmer Papers regarding Statehood and Other Material"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Barbour County (W. Va.)","Canada","Chambless","Jackson County (W. Va.)","Kanawha County (W. Va.)","Logan County (W. Va.)","Mason County (W. Va.)","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Ohio County (W. Va.)","Putnam County (W. Va.)","Randolph County (W. Va.)","Richmond (Va.)","Roane County (W. Va.)","Taylor County (W. Va.)","Tyler County (W. Va.)","Uniontown (Fayette County, Pa.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Upshur County (W. Va.)","West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","West Virginia - Politics and government - 1861-1865.","West Virginia","Wheeling (W. Va.)","Wood County (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Barbour County (W. Va.)","Canada","Chambless","Jackson County (W. Va.)","Kanawha County (W. Va.)","Logan County (W. Va.)","Mason County (W. Va.)","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Ohio County (W. Va.)","Putnam County (W. Va.)","Randolph County (W. Va.)","Richmond (Va.)","Roane County (W. Va.)","Taylor County (W. Va.)","Tyler County (W. Va.)","Uniontown (Fayette County, Pa.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Upshur County (W. Va.)","West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","West Virginia - Politics and government - 1861-1865.","West Virginia","Wheeling (W. Va.)","Wood County (W. Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Barbour County (W. Va.)","Canada","Chambless","Jackson County (W. Va.)","Kanawha County (W. Va.)","Logan County (W. Va.)","Mason County (W. Va.)","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Ohio County (W. Va.)","Putnam County (W. Va.)","Randolph County (W. Va.)","Richmond (Va.)","Roane County (W. Va.)","Taylor County (W. Va.)","Tyler County (W. Va.)","Uniontown (Fayette County, Pa.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Upshur County (W. Va.)","West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","West Virginia - Politics and government - 1861-1865.","West Virginia","Wheeling (W. Va.)","Wood County (W. Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Confederate States of America - secession crisis.","Philippi, Battle of, Philippi, W. Va., 1861","Postal service","Secession","Slavery","Slaves","Transportation","West Virginia. Convention (1861 : Wheeling)","West Virginia. Convention (1863 : Wheeling)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Confederate States of America - secession crisis.","Philippi, Battle of, Philippi, W. Va., 1861","Postal service","Secession","Slavery","Slaves","Transportation","West Virginia. Convention (1861 : Wheeling)","West Virginia. Convention (1863 : Wheeling)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.4 Linear Feet 5 in. (2 document cases, 2 1/2 in. each)"],"extent_tesim":["0.4 Linear Feet 5 in. (2 document cases, 2 1/2 in. each)"],"date_range_isim":[1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJudge Gibson Lamb Cranmer (20 February 1826-1903) was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He went to Wheeling, [West] Virginia at age 17 to study law with his relative, Daniel Lamb, Esq. He then moved to Springfield, Illinois, and practiced law. On 22 May 1849, Cranmer was married to Oella Zane, daughter of Daniel Zane. In 1850, he returned to Wheeling. He served as president of the Antietam National Cemetery Association at the time that the burial ground was turned over to the national government. He was also judge of the Municipal Court of Wheeling for 8 years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCranmer was a member of the General Assembly of Virginia from Ohio County during the session of 1855-1856. He was a delegate to and secretary of the First Wheeling Convention. He was made secretary of the First Session of the Second Wheeling Convention, and was clerk of the House of Delegates of the \"Restored Government of Virginia.\" Cranmer was also the custodian of the manuscript proceedings, journals, and other documents of the two Conventions. Cranmer's home on Wheeling Island was flooded in 1884, which likely destroyed all of the manuscripts. It is possible that the Convention proceedings were shipped to Alexandria, Virginia, in the 1860s, but if that is the case, they have been lost. For more information on the proceedings, see \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHow West Virginia was Made\u003c/emph\u003e, by Virgil A. Lewis, [Charleston, W. Va., News-Mail Company, Public Printer], 1909.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Judge Gibson Lamb Cranmer (20 February 1826-1903) was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He went to Wheeling, [West] Virginia at age 17 to study law with his relative, Daniel Lamb, Esq. He then moved to Springfield, Illinois, and practiced law. On 22 May 1849, Cranmer was married to Oella Zane, daughter of Daniel Zane. In 1850, he returned to Wheeling. He served as president of the Antietam National Cemetery Association at the time that the burial ground was turned over to the national government. He was also judge of the Municipal Court of Wheeling for 8 years.","Cranmer was a member of the General Assembly of Virginia from Ohio County during the session of 1855-1856. He was a delegate to and secretary of the First Wheeling Convention. He was made secretary of the First Session of the Second Wheeling Convention, and was clerk of the House of Delegates of the \"Restored Government of Virginia.\" Cranmer was also the custodian of the manuscript proceedings, journals, and other documents of the two Conventions. Cranmer's home on Wheeling Island was flooded in 1884, which likely destroyed all of the manuscripts. It is possible that the Convention proceedings were shipped to Alexandria, Virginia, in the 1860s, but if that is the case, they have been lost. For more information on the proceedings, see  How West Virginia was Made , by Virgil A. Lewis, [Charleston, W. Va., News-Mail Company, Public Printer], 1909."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Gibson Lamb Cranmer Papers regarding Statehood and Other Material, A\u0026amp;M 2848, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Gibson Lamb Cranmer Papers regarding Statehood and Other Material, A\u0026M 2848, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers regarding West Virginia statehood and the history of Wheeling and Ohio County compiled by Judge Gibson L. Cranmer (1826-1903) of Wheeling, West Virginia, who served as secretary of the Wheeling Convention that repudiated Virginia's secession from the United States in 1861.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1. West Virginia Statehood Papers; 1861-1864, undated; box 1.\u003c/emph\u003e This series includes manuscript narratives and correspondence describing events of the West Virginia statehood movement, written by eyewitnesses at the request of Gibson L. Cranmer. Manuscript authors include John S. Burdett, John S. Carlile, Daniel Frost, Lewis Ruffner, and Benjamin Wilson. 34 items, 76 leaves in box 1. Note that each original item in box 1 (except those in folders 11 and 12) is accompanied by a typescript description. Transcripts for the original items in box 1, folders 1-3, 6-7, and 10-12 are in folder 13.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2. History of Wheeling and Ohio County, West Virginia Papers; 1787-1895, undated; box 2.\u003c/emph\u003e This series includes Cranmer's handwritten notes, drafts of articles, copies of documents, and letters solicited by him regarding the history of Wheeling and Ohio County, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor additional information on the history of Wheeling and Ohio County, West Virginia, see \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHistory of Wheeling City and Ohio County, West Virginia and Representative Citizens\u003c/emph\u003e, edited and compiled by Gibson Lamb Cranmer (Wheeling, WV: Wheeling Genealogy Society, [1994], or Chicago, Ill.: Biographical Publishing Company, 1902). Content from some of the manuscripts in this collection was used in the book.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers regarding West Virginia statehood and the history of Wheeling and Ohio County compiled by Judge Gibson L. Cranmer (1826-1903) of Wheeling, West Virginia, who served as secretary of the Wheeling Convention that repudiated Virginia's secession from the United States in 1861.","Series 1. West Virginia Statehood Papers; 1861-1864, undated; box 1.  This series includes manuscript narratives and correspondence describing events of the West Virginia statehood movement, written by eyewitnesses at the request of Gibson L. Cranmer. Manuscript authors include John S. Burdett, John S. Carlile, Daniel Frost, Lewis Ruffner, and Benjamin Wilson. 34 items, 76 leaves in box 1. Note that each original item in box 1 (except those in folders 11 and 12) is accompanied by a typescript description. Transcripts for the original items in box 1, folders 1-3, 6-7, and 10-12 are in folder 13.","Series 2. History of Wheeling and Ohio County, West Virginia Papers; 1787-1895, undated; box 2.  This series includes Cranmer's handwritten notes, drafts of articles, copies of documents, and letters solicited by him regarding the history of Wheeling and Ohio County, West Virginia.","For additional information on the history of Wheeling and Ohio County, West Virginia, see ","History of Wheeling City and Ohio County, West Virginia and Representative Citizens , edited and compiled by Gibson Lamb Cranmer (Wheeling, WV: Wheeling Genealogy Society, [1994], or Chicago, Ill.: Biographical Publishing Company, 1902). Content from some of the manuscripts in this collection was used in the book."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_6c3a4521e4faef541eee37336ab34e01\"\u003ePapers regarding West Virginia statehood and the history of Wheeling and Ohio County compiled by Judge Gibson L. Cranmer (1826-1903) of Wheeling, West Virginia, who served as secretary of the Wheeling Convention that repudiated Virginia's secession from the United States in 1861. Series 1 includes manuscript narratives and correspondence describing events of the West Virginia statehood movement, written by eyewitnesses at the request of Gibson L. Cranmer. Manuscript authors include John S. Burdett, John S. Carlile, Daniel Frost, Lewis Ruffner, and Benjamin Wilson. Series 2 includes Cranmer's handwritten notes, drafts of articles, copies of documents, and letters solicited by him regarding the history of Wheeling and Ohio County, West Virginia. See Scope and Content Note for details and contents list.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Papers regarding West Virginia statehood and the history of Wheeling and Ohio County compiled by Judge Gibson L. Cranmer (1826-1903) of Wheeling, West Virginia, who served as secretary of the Wheeling Convention that repudiated Virginia's secession from the United States in 1861. Series 1 includes manuscript narratives and correspondence describing events of the West Virginia statehood movement, written by eyewitnesses at the request of Gibson L. Cranmer. Manuscript authors include John S. Burdett, John S. Carlile, Daniel Frost, Lewis Ruffner, and Benjamin Wilson. Series 2 includes Cranmer's handwritten notes, drafts of articles, copies of documents, and letters solicited by him regarding the history of Wheeling and Ohio County, West Virginia. See Scope and Content Note for details and contents list."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_9eaa8621db08f2bd2260da54fa8f69aa\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["Confederate States of America","Cumberland Road","Armstrong, Ned.","Basil, Ben.","Brown, James H.","Burdett, John S.","Carlile, John S. (John Snyder), 1817-1878","Cranmer, Gibson L. (Gibson Lamb), 1826-1903","Duvall, George W.","Flesher, A.","Frost, Daniel Marsh, 1823-1900.","Harnsborough, Mayor.","Haymond, Jonathan.","Horton, W.","Lamb, Daniel.","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","McCausland, John, 1836-1927","McComas, Judge.","Park, J.A.","Patrick, Dr.","Roberts, L.A.","Ruffner, Lewis, 1797-1883.","Scott, J.F.","Smith, Col. B.H.","Smith, Joseph.","Summers, Judge.","Tompkins, Charles H., 1830-","Turner, F.P.","Ward, Everett.","Wilson, Benjamin, 1825-1901","Wise, Henry A. (Henry Alexander), 1806-1876","Wise, O. Jennings."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Confederate States of America","Cumberland Road","Armstrong, Ned.","Basil, Ben.","Brown, James H.","Burdett, John S.","Carlile, John S. (John Snyder), 1817-1878","Cranmer, Gibson L. (Gibson Lamb), 1826-1903","Duvall, George W.","Flesher, A.","Frost, Daniel Marsh, 1823-1900.","Harnsborough, Mayor.","Haymond, Jonathan.","Horton, W.","Lamb, Daniel.","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","McCausland, John, 1836-1927","McComas, Judge.","Park, J.A.","Patrick, Dr.","Roberts, L.A.","Ruffner, Lewis, 1797-1883.","Scott, J.F.","Smith, Col. B.H.","Smith, Joseph.","Summers, Judge.","Tompkins, Charles H., 1830-","Turner, F.P.","Ward, Everett.","Wilson, Benjamin, 1825-1901","Wise, Henry A. (Henry Alexander), 1806-1876","Wise, O. Jennings."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Confederate States of America","Cumberland Road"],"persname_ssim":["Armstrong, Ned.","Basil, Ben.","Brown, James H.","Burdett, John S.","Carlile, John S. (John Snyder), 1817-1878","Cranmer, Gibson L. (Gibson Lamb), 1826-1903","Duvall, George W.","Flesher, A.","Frost, Daniel Marsh, 1823-1900.","Harnsborough, Mayor.","Haymond, Jonathan.","Horton, W.","Lamb, Daniel.","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","McCausland, John, 1836-1927","McComas, Judge.","Park, J.A.","Patrick, Dr.","Roberts, L.A.","Ruffner, Lewis, 1797-1883.","Scott, J.F.","Smith, Col. B.H.","Smith, Joseph.","Summers, Judge.","Tompkins, Charles H., 1830-","Turner, F.P.","Ward, Everett.","Wilson, Benjamin, 1825-1901","Wise, Henry A. (Henry Alexander), 1806-1876","Wise, O. Jennings."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":52,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:43:26.630Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_955"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5661","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Henry Ruffner (1790-1861) and William Henry (1824-1908) Papers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5661#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Pamphlets include Henry Ruffner's antislavery pamphlet, 1847, and his Union speech, 1856. Subjects of the manuscripts and correspondence include family history; travel; Kanawha Salt Works; schools in Virginia and Kanawha County; Lane Seminary Library; Presbyterian Church; slavery, coal, gas, iron, and timber; Johns Hopkins, Washington and Lee, Harvard, Hobart, Cornell, and Hampden-Sydney colleges; Greenbrier County; Alabama; election of 1904; University of Virginia; Kanawha Valley floods; Venezuela; American Colonization Society; and the Philippine Islands. Persons mentioned or commented on include Philip Doddridge, John Letcher, Hugh Mercer, and Nelson A. Miles. Correspondents include Charles H. Ambler, John Eaton, John P. Hale, H.R. Helper, W.S. Laidley, David L. Ruffner, John W. Wayland, and William L. Wilson.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5661#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5661","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5661","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5661","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5661","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_5661.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/198798","title_ssm":["Henry Ruffner (1790-1861) and William Henry (1824-1908) Papers"],"title_tesim":["Henry Ruffner (1790-1861) and William Henry (1824-1908) Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1829-1913"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1829-1913"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1942","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5661"],"text":["A\u0026M 1942","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5661","Henry Ruffner (1790-1861) and William Henry (1824-1908) Papers","Venezuela","Philippines","Kanawha Valley.","Kanawha County (W. Va.)","Alabama","Greenbrier County (W. Va.)","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Coal mining.","Ministers - letters and papers.","Education. SEE ALSO Schools.","Women's history -- 1800-1849","Genealogy","Elections","Iron furnaces and iron industry.","Rivers and river valleys.","Kanawha Salt Works.","Lumber trade","Gas industry","Women's history -- 1900-1929","Travel accounts.","Churches  -- Presbyterian","Abolition of slavery","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Floods ","Authors -- Letters and papers","Education","Election of 1904.","Missionaries","Slaves and slavery.","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Universities and colleges","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Pamphlets include Henry Ruffner's antislavery pamphlet, 1847, and his Union speech, 1856. Subjects of the manuscripts and correspondence include family history; travel; Kanawha Salt Works; schools in Virginia and Kanawha County; Lane Seminary Library; Presbyterian Church; slavery, coal, gas, iron, and timber; Johns Hopkins, Washington and Lee, Harvard, Hobart, Cornell, and Hampden-Sydney colleges; Greenbrier County; Alabama; election of 1904; University of Virginia; Kanawha Valley floods; Venezuela; American Colonization Society; and the Philippine Islands. Persons mentioned or commented on include Philip Doddridge, John Letcher, Hugh Mercer, and Nelson A. Miles. Correspondents include Charles H. Ambler, John Eaton, John P. Hale, H.R. Helper, W.S. Laidley, David L. Ruffner, John W. Wayland, and William L. Wilson.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Colonization Society","Johns Hopkins University","Washington and Lee University","Harvard University","Cornell University","University of Virginia.","Hobart College","Hampden-Sydney College","Lane Seminary Library","McClung family - Genealogy","Ruffner family","Laidley, W.S.","Wayland, John W.","Ruffner, David L.","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Hale, John P.","Mercer, Hugh","Ruffner, Henry, 1790-1861","Wilson, William Lyne, 1843-1900","Helper, Hinton Rowan, 1829-1909","Doddridge, Philip, 1773-1832","Ruffner, William Henry, 1824-1908","Eaton, John.","Miles, Nelson Appleton, 1839-1925","Ambler, Charles Henry,  1876-1957","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1942","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5661"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Henry Ruffner (1790-1861) and William Henry (1824-1908) Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Henry Ruffner (1790-1861) and William Henry (1824-1908) Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Henry Ruffner (1790-1861) and William Henry (1824-1908) Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Venezuela","Philippines","Kanawha Valley.","Kanawha County (W. Va.)","Alabama","Greenbrier County (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Venezuela","Philippines","Kanawha Valley.","Kanawha County (W. Va.)","Alabama","Greenbrier County (W. Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Venezuela","Philippines","Kanawha Valley.","Kanawha County (W. Va.)","Alabama","Greenbrier County (W. Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Coal mining.","Ministers - letters and papers.","Education. SEE ALSO Schools.","Women's history -- 1800-1849","Genealogy","Elections","Iron furnaces and iron industry.","Rivers and river valleys.","Kanawha Salt Works.","Lumber trade","Gas industry","Women's history -- 1900-1929","Travel accounts.","Churches  -- Presbyterian","Abolition of slavery","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Floods ","Authors -- Letters and papers","Education","Election of 1904.","Missionaries","Slaves and slavery.","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Universities and colleges"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Coal mining.","Ministers - letters and papers.","Education. SEE ALSO Schools.","Women's history -- 1800-1849","Genealogy","Elections","Iron furnaces and iron industry.","Rivers and river valleys.","Kanawha Salt Works.","Lumber trade","Gas industry","Women's history -- 1900-1929","Travel accounts.","Churches  -- Presbyterian","Abolition of slavery","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Floods ","Authors -- Letters and papers","Education","Election of 1904.","Missionaries","Slaves and slavery.","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Universities and colleges"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.15 Linear Feet Summary: 1 3/4 in. (1 reel of microfilm (310 items), 1.75 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["0.15 Linear Feet Summary: 1 3/4 in. (1 reel of microfilm (310 items), 1.75 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Henry Ruffner (1790-1861) and William Henry (1824-1908) Papers, A\u0026amp;M 1942, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Henry Ruffner (1790-1861) and William Henry (1824-1908) Papers, A\u0026M 1942, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ac6a06e0c3d5e40a3044cd5420101d45\"\u003ePamphlets include Henry Ruffner's antislavery pamphlet, 1847, and his Union speech, 1856. Subjects of the manuscripts and correspondence include family history; travel; Kanawha Salt Works; schools in Virginia and Kanawha County; Lane Seminary Library; Presbyterian Church; slavery, coal, gas, iron, and timber; Johns Hopkins, Washington and Lee, Harvard, Hobart, Cornell, and Hampden-Sydney colleges; Greenbrier County; Alabama; election of 1904; University of Virginia; Kanawha Valley floods; Venezuela; American Colonization Society; and the Philippine Islands. Persons mentioned or commented on include Philip Doddridge, John Letcher, Hugh Mercer, and Nelson A. Miles. Correspondents include Charles H. Ambler, John Eaton, John P. Hale, H.R. Helper, W.S. Laidley, David L. Ruffner, John W. Wayland, and William L. Wilson.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Pamphlets include Henry Ruffner's antislavery pamphlet, 1847, and his Union speech, 1856. Subjects of the manuscripts and correspondence include family history; travel; Kanawha Salt Works; schools in Virginia and Kanawha County; Lane Seminary Library; Presbyterian Church; slavery, coal, gas, iron, and timber; Johns Hopkins, Washington and Lee, Harvard, Hobart, Cornell, and Hampden-Sydney colleges; Greenbrier County; Alabama; election of 1904; University of Virginia; Kanawha Valley floods; Venezuela; American Colonization Society; and the Philippine Islands. Persons mentioned or commented on include Philip Doddridge, John Letcher, Hugh Mercer, and Nelson A. Miles. Correspondents include Charles H. Ambler, John Eaton, John P. Hale, H.R. Helper, W.S. Laidley, David L. Ruffner, John W. Wayland, and William L. Wilson."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_f05aa69e7b024d1ea7f7ce98814946b7\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Colonization Society","Johns Hopkins University","Washington and Lee University","Harvard University","Cornell University","University of Virginia.","Hobart College","Hampden-Sydney College","Lane Seminary Library","McClung family - Genealogy","Ruffner family","Laidley, W.S.","Wayland, John W.","Ruffner, David L.","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Hale, John P.","Mercer, Hugh","Ruffner, Henry, 1790-1861","Wilson, William Lyne, 1843-1900","Helper, Hinton Rowan, 1829-1909","Doddridge, Philip, 1773-1832","Ruffner, William Henry, 1824-1908","Eaton, John.","Miles, Nelson Appleton, 1839-1925","Ambler, Charles Henry,  1876-1957"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Colonization Society","Johns Hopkins University","Washington and Lee University","Harvard University","Cornell University","University of Virginia.","Hobart College","Hampden-Sydney College","Lane Seminary Library","McClung family - Genealogy","Ruffner family","Laidley, W.S.","Wayland, John W.","Ruffner, David L.","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Hale, John P.","Mercer, Hugh","Ruffner, Henry, 1790-1861","Wilson, William Lyne, 1843-1900","Helper, Hinton Rowan, 1829-1909","Doddridge, Philip, 1773-1832","Ruffner, William Henry, 1824-1908","Eaton, John.","Miles, Nelson Appleton, 1839-1925","Ambler, Charles Henry,  1876-1957"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Colonization Society","Johns Hopkins University","Washington and Lee University","Harvard University","Cornell University","University of Virginia.","Hobart College","Hampden-Sydney College","Lane Seminary Library"],"famname_ssim":["McClung family - Genealogy","Ruffner family"],"persname_ssim":["Laidley, W.S.","Wayland, John W.","Ruffner, David L.","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Hale, John P.","Mercer, Hugh","Ruffner, Henry, 1790-1861","Wilson, William Lyne, 1843-1900","Helper, Hinton Rowan, 1829-1909","Doddridge, Philip, 1773-1832","Ruffner, William Henry, 1824-1908","Eaton, John.","Miles, Nelson Appleton, 1839-1925","Ambler, Charles Henry,  1876-1957"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:29:56.243Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5661","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5661","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5661","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5661","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_5661.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/198798","title_ssm":["Henry Ruffner (1790-1861) and William Henry (1824-1908) Papers"],"title_tesim":["Henry Ruffner (1790-1861) and William Henry (1824-1908) Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1829-1913"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1829-1913"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1942","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5661"],"text":["A\u0026M 1942","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5661","Henry Ruffner (1790-1861) and William Henry (1824-1908) Papers","Venezuela","Philippines","Kanawha Valley.","Kanawha County (W. Va.)","Alabama","Greenbrier County (W. Va.)","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Coal mining.","Ministers - letters and papers.","Education. SEE ALSO Schools.","Women's history -- 1800-1849","Genealogy","Elections","Iron furnaces and iron industry.","Rivers and river valleys.","Kanawha Salt Works.","Lumber trade","Gas industry","Women's history -- 1900-1929","Travel accounts.","Churches  -- Presbyterian","Abolition of slavery","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Floods ","Authors -- Letters and papers","Education","Election of 1904.","Missionaries","Slaves and slavery.","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Universities and colleges","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Pamphlets include Henry Ruffner's antislavery pamphlet, 1847, and his Union speech, 1856. Subjects of the manuscripts and correspondence include family history; travel; Kanawha Salt Works; schools in Virginia and Kanawha County; Lane Seminary Library; Presbyterian Church; slavery, coal, gas, iron, and timber; Johns Hopkins, Washington and Lee, Harvard, Hobart, Cornell, and Hampden-Sydney colleges; Greenbrier County; Alabama; election of 1904; University of Virginia; Kanawha Valley floods; Venezuela; American Colonization Society; and the Philippine Islands. Persons mentioned or commented on include Philip Doddridge, John Letcher, Hugh Mercer, and Nelson A. Miles. Correspondents include Charles H. Ambler, John Eaton, John P. Hale, H.R. Helper, W.S. Laidley, David L. Ruffner, John W. Wayland, and William L. Wilson.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Colonization Society","Johns Hopkins University","Washington and Lee University","Harvard University","Cornell University","University of Virginia.","Hobart College","Hampden-Sydney College","Lane Seminary Library","McClung family - Genealogy","Ruffner family","Laidley, W.S.","Wayland, John W.","Ruffner, David L.","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Hale, John P.","Mercer, Hugh","Ruffner, Henry, 1790-1861","Wilson, William Lyne, 1843-1900","Helper, Hinton Rowan, 1829-1909","Doddridge, Philip, 1773-1832","Ruffner, William Henry, 1824-1908","Eaton, John.","Miles, Nelson Appleton, 1839-1925","Ambler, Charles Henry,  1876-1957","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1942","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5661"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Henry Ruffner (1790-1861) and William Henry (1824-1908) Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Henry Ruffner (1790-1861) and William Henry (1824-1908) Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Henry Ruffner (1790-1861) and William Henry (1824-1908) Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Venezuela","Philippines","Kanawha Valley.","Kanawha County (W. Va.)","Alabama","Greenbrier County (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Venezuela","Philippines","Kanawha Valley.","Kanawha County (W. Va.)","Alabama","Greenbrier County (W. Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Venezuela","Philippines","Kanawha Valley.","Kanawha County (W. Va.)","Alabama","Greenbrier County (W. Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Coal mining.","Ministers - letters and papers.","Education. SEE ALSO Schools.","Women's history -- 1800-1849","Genealogy","Elections","Iron furnaces and iron industry.","Rivers and river valleys.","Kanawha Salt Works.","Lumber trade","Gas industry","Women's history -- 1900-1929","Travel accounts.","Churches  -- Presbyterian","Abolition of slavery","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Floods ","Authors -- Letters and papers","Education","Election of 1904.","Missionaries","Slaves and slavery.","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Universities and colleges"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Coal mining.","Ministers - letters and papers.","Education. SEE ALSO Schools.","Women's history -- 1800-1849","Genealogy","Elections","Iron furnaces and iron industry.","Rivers and river valleys.","Kanawha Salt Works.","Lumber trade","Gas industry","Women's history -- 1900-1929","Travel accounts.","Churches  -- Presbyterian","Abolition of slavery","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Floods ","Authors -- Letters and papers","Education","Election of 1904.","Missionaries","Slaves and slavery.","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Universities and colleges"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.15 Linear Feet Summary: 1 3/4 in. (1 reel of microfilm (310 items), 1.75 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["0.15 Linear Feet Summary: 1 3/4 in. (1 reel of microfilm (310 items), 1.75 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Henry Ruffner (1790-1861) and William Henry (1824-1908) Papers, A\u0026amp;M 1942, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Henry Ruffner (1790-1861) and William Henry (1824-1908) Papers, A\u0026M 1942, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ac6a06e0c3d5e40a3044cd5420101d45\"\u003ePamphlets include Henry Ruffner's antislavery pamphlet, 1847, and his Union speech, 1856. Subjects of the manuscripts and correspondence include family history; travel; Kanawha Salt Works; schools in Virginia and Kanawha County; Lane Seminary Library; Presbyterian Church; slavery, coal, gas, iron, and timber; Johns Hopkins, Washington and Lee, Harvard, Hobart, Cornell, and Hampden-Sydney colleges; Greenbrier County; Alabama; election of 1904; University of Virginia; Kanawha Valley floods; Venezuela; American Colonization Society; and the Philippine Islands. Persons mentioned or commented on include Philip Doddridge, John Letcher, Hugh Mercer, and Nelson A. Miles. Correspondents include Charles H. Ambler, John Eaton, John P. Hale, H.R. Helper, W.S. Laidley, David L. Ruffner, John W. Wayland, and William L. Wilson.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Pamphlets include Henry Ruffner's antislavery pamphlet, 1847, and his Union speech, 1856. Subjects of the manuscripts and correspondence include family history; travel; Kanawha Salt Works; schools in Virginia and Kanawha County; Lane Seminary Library; Presbyterian Church; slavery, coal, gas, iron, and timber; Johns Hopkins, Washington and Lee, Harvard, Hobart, Cornell, and Hampden-Sydney colleges; Greenbrier County; Alabama; election of 1904; University of Virginia; Kanawha Valley floods; Venezuela; American Colonization Society; and the Philippine Islands. Persons mentioned or commented on include Philip Doddridge, John Letcher, Hugh Mercer, and Nelson A. Miles. Correspondents include Charles H. Ambler, John Eaton, John P. Hale, H.R. Helper, W.S. Laidley, David L. Ruffner, John W. Wayland, and William L. Wilson."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_f05aa69e7b024d1ea7f7ce98814946b7\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Colonization Society","Johns Hopkins University","Washington and Lee University","Harvard University","Cornell University","University of Virginia.","Hobart College","Hampden-Sydney College","Lane Seminary Library","McClung family - Genealogy","Ruffner family","Laidley, W.S.","Wayland, John W.","Ruffner, David L.","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Hale, John P.","Mercer, Hugh","Ruffner, Henry, 1790-1861","Wilson, William Lyne, 1843-1900","Helper, Hinton Rowan, 1829-1909","Doddridge, Philip, 1773-1832","Ruffner, William Henry, 1824-1908","Eaton, John.","Miles, Nelson Appleton, 1839-1925","Ambler, Charles Henry,  1876-1957"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Colonization Society","Johns Hopkins University","Washington and Lee University","Harvard University","Cornell University","University of Virginia.","Hobart College","Hampden-Sydney College","Lane Seminary Library","McClung family - Genealogy","Ruffner family","Laidley, W.S.","Wayland, John W.","Ruffner, David L.","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Hale, John P.","Mercer, Hugh","Ruffner, Henry, 1790-1861","Wilson, William Lyne, 1843-1900","Helper, Hinton Rowan, 1829-1909","Doddridge, Philip, 1773-1832","Ruffner, William Henry, 1824-1908","Eaton, John.","Miles, Nelson Appleton, 1839-1925","Ambler, Charles Henry,  1876-1957"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Colonization Society","Johns Hopkins University","Washington and Lee University","Harvard University","Cornell University","University of Virginia.","Hobart College","Hampden-Sydney College","Lane Seminary Library"],"famname_ssim":["McClung family - Genealogy","Ruffner family"],"persname_ssim":["Laidley, W.S.","Wayland, John W.","Ruffner, David L.","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Hale, John P.","Mercer, Hugh","Ruffner, Henry, 1790-1861","Wilson, William Lyne, 1843-1900","Helper, Hinton Rowan, 1829-1909","Doddridge, Philip, 1773-1832","Ruffner, William Henry, 1824-1908","Eaton, John.","Miles, Nelson Appleton, 1839-1925","Ambler, Charles Henry,  1876-1957"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:29:56.243Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5661"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_719","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Major W. P. Tams, Jr. Transcript of an Interview","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_719#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_719#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Transcript of an interview by Richard Hadsell with Major W.P. Tams, Jr., former mine operator in the Winding Gulf coal mining region. Tams discusses his early days in coal mining, the opening of the Kanawha coal region, and coal operators and union officials such as: E.J. Berwind, Joe Beury, George Collins, Jarius Collins, Justus Collins, John J. Cornwell, Samuel Dixon, Elias Hatfield, Troy Hatfield, Isaac Mann, S.T. Patterson, J.A. Renahan, James O. Watts, and George Wolfe. Other individuals mentioned include: Henry D. Hatfield, John L. Lewis, John Mitchell, Fred Mooney, Bob Patterson, and \"Mother\" Mary Jones. Tams also discusses the Winding Gulf Collieries, the Beaver Coal Co., the Smokeless Coal Field, the N\u0026amp;W Railroad, the C\u0026amp;O Railroad, the Virginian Railroad, Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, unions and strikes, racial relations, blacks, scrip, company stores, Atwater, and Castner, Curran and Bullitt.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_719#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_719","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_719","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_719","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_719","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_719.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195210","title_ssm":["Major W. P. Tams, Jr. Transcript of an Interview"],"title_tesim":["Major W. P. Tams, Jr. Transcript of an Interview"],"unitdate_ssm":["1825-1934"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1825-1934"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2584","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/719"],"text":["A\u0026M 2584","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/719","Major W. P. Tams, Jr. Transcript of an Interview","Kanawha Valley.","Atwater.","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Coal mining.","Coal mining - Beaver Coal Company.","Coal - Smokeless Coal Fields.","Coal mining - company stores.","Scrip.","Union names.","Coal companies - Beaver Coal Company.","Virginian Railroad -- Railroads","Coal mining - Scrip.","Virginian Railroad -- Railroads","Unions -- Coal","Railroads","Railroads - Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization.","Coal mining - Labor organization.","N\u0026W Railroads - railroads.","Coal companies - Smokeless Coal Fields.","Railroads - Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad.","Strikes and lockouts","Coal mining - coal companies.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Smokeless Coal Fields - coal.","Coal trade","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Transcript of an interview by Richard Hadsell with Major W.P. Tams, Jr., former mine operator in the Winding Gulf coal mining region. Tams discusses his early days in coal mining, the opening of the Kanawha coal region, and coal operators and union officials such as: E.J. Berwind, Joe Beury, George Collins, Jarius Collins, Justus Collins, John J. Cornwell, Samuel Dixon, Elias Hatfield, Troy Hatfield, Isaac Mann, S.T. Patterson, J.A. Renahan, James O. Watts, and George Wolfe. Other individuals mentioned include: Henry D. Hatfield, John L. Lewis, John Mitchell, Fred Mooney, Bob Patterson, and \"Mother\" Mary Jones. Tams also discusses the Winding Gulf Collieries, the Beaver Coal Co., the Smokeless Coal Field, the N\u0026W Railroad, the C\u0026O Railroad, the Virginian Railroad, Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, unions and strikes, racial relations, blacks, scrip, company stores, Atwater, and Castner, Curran and Bullitt.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Caster, Curran and Bullitt","Baldwin-Felts Detective Inc.","Beaver Coal Company","Winding Gulf Collieries","Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977","Hatfield, Henry Drury, 1875-1962","Beury, Joe.","Mann, Isaac T. (Isaac Thomas), 1864-1932","Hatfield, Troy.","Mooney, Fred, 1888-1952","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Hatfield, Elias.","Hadsell, Richard.","Dixon, Samuel.","Wolfe, George.","Collins, Jarius.","Berwind, E.J.","Patterson, S.T.","Cornwell, John J. (John Jacob), 1867-1953","Beury, Joseph L.","Renahan, J.A.","Mitchell, John.","Collins, George.","Jones, Mary.","Watts, James O.","Patterson, Bob.","Collins, Justus, 1857-1934","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2584","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/719"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Major W. P. Tams, Jr. Transcript of an Interview"],"collection_title_tesim":["Major W. P. Tams, Jr. Transcript of an Interview"],"collection_ssim":["Major W. P. Tams, Jr. Transcript of an Interview"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Kanawha Valley.","Atwater."],"geogname_ssim":["Kanawha Valley.","Atwater."],"creator_ssm":["Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977"],"creator_ssim":["Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977"],"creators_ssim":["Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977"],"places_ssim":["Kanawha Valley.","Atwater."],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Coal mining.","Coal mining - Beaver Coal Company.","Coal - Smokeless Coal Fields.","Coal mining - company stores.","Scrip.","Union names.","Coal companies - Beaver Coal Company.","Virginian Railroad -- Railroads","Coal mining - Scrip.","Virginian Railroad -- Railroads","Unions -- Coal","Railroads","Railroads - Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization.","Coal mining - Labor organization.","N\u0026W Railroads - railroads.","Coal companies - Smokeless Coal Fields.","Railroads - Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad.","Strikes and lockouts","Coal mining - coal companies.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Smokeless Coal Fields - coal.","Coal trade"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Coal mining.","Coal mining - Beaver Coal Company.","Coal - Smokeless Coal Fields.","Coal mining - company stores.","Scrip.","Union names.","Coal companies - Beaver Coal Company.","Virginian Railroad -- Railroads","Coal mining - Scrip.","Virginian Railroad -- Railroads","Unions -- Coal","Railroads","Railroads - Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization.","Coal mining - Labor organization.","N\u0026W Railroads - railroads.","Coal companies - Smokeless Coal Fields.","Railroads - Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad.","Strikes and lockouts","Coal mining - coal companies.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Smokeless Coal Fields - coal.","Coal trade"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0 Linear Feet Summary: 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0 Linear Feet Summary: 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Major W. P. Tams, Jr. Transcript of an Interview, A\u0026amp;M 2584, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Major W. P. Tams, Jr. Transcript of an Interview, A\u0026M 2584, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3111958620f9d4d9f7e0cca85ca53088\"\u003eTranscript of an interview by Richard Hadsell with Major W.P. Tams, Jr., former mine operator in the Winding Gulf coal mining region. Tams discusses his early days in coal mining, the opening of the Kanawha coal region, and coal operators and union officials such as: E.J. Berwind, Joe Beury, George Collins, Jarius Collins, Justus Collins, John J. Cornwell, Samuel Dixon, Elias Hatfield, Troy Hatfield, Isaac Mann, S.T. Patterson, J.A. Renahan, James O. Watts, and George Wolfe. Other individuals mentioned include: Henry D. Hatfield, John L. Lewis, John Mitchell, Fred Mooney, Bob Patterson, and \"Mother\" Mary Jones. Tams also discusses the Winding Gulf Collieries, the Beaver Coal Co., the Smokeless Coal Field, the N\u0026amp;W Railroad, the C\u0026amp;O Railroad, the Virginian Railroad, Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, unions and strikes, racial relations, blacks, scrip, company stores, Atwater, and Castner, Curran and Bullitt.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Transcript of an interview by Richard Hadsell with Major W.P. Tams, Jr., former mine operator in the Winding Gulf coal mining region. Tams discusses his early days in coal mining, the opening of the Kanawha coal region, and coal operators and union officials such as: E.J. Berwind, Joe Beury, George Collins, Jarius Collins, Justus Collins, John J. Cornwell, Samuel Dixon, Elias Hatfield, Troy Hatfield, Isaac Mann, S.T. Patterson, J.A. Renahan, James O. Watts, and George Wolfe. Other individuals mentioned include: Henry D. Hatfield, John L. Lewis, John Mitchell, Fred Mooney, Bob Patterson, and \"Mother\" Mary Jones. Tams also discusses the Winding Gulf Collieries, the Beaver Coal Co., the Smokeless Coal Field, the N\u0026W Railroad, the C\u0026O Railroad, the Virginian Railroad, Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, unions and strikes, racial relations, blacks, scrip, company stores, Atwater, and Castner, Curran and Bullitt."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_ccb85f010e7896b8e418cc419603f86a\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["Caster, Curran and Bullitt","Baldwin-Felts Detective Inc.","Beaver Coal Company","Winding Gulf Collieries","Hatfield, Henry Drury, 1875-1962","Beury, Joe.","Mann, Isaac T. (Isaac Thomas), 1864-1932","Hatfield, Troy.","Mooney, Fred, 1888-1952","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Hatfield, Elias.","Hadsell, Richard.","Dixon, Samuel.","Wolfe, George.","Collins, Jarius.","Berwind, E.J.","Patterson, S.T.","Cornwell, John J. (John Jacob), 1867-1953","Beury, Joseph L.","Renahan, J.A.","Mitchell, John.","Collins, George.","Jones, Mary.","Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977","Watts, James O.","Patterson, Bob.","Collins, Justus, 1857-1934"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Caster, Curran and Bullitt","Baldwin-Felts Detective Inc.","Beaver Coal Company","Winding Gulf Collieries","Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977","Hatfield, Henry Drury, 1875-1962","Beury, Joe.","Mann, Isaac T. (Isaac Thomas), 1864-1932","Hatfield, Troy.","Mooney, Fred, 1888-1952","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Hatfield, Elias.","Hadsell, Richard.","Dixon, Samuel.","Wolfe, George.","Collins, Jarius.","Berwind, E.J.","Patterson, S.T.","Cornwell, John J. (John Jacob), 1867-1953","Beury, Joseph L.","Renahan, J.A.","Mitchell, John.","Collins, George.","Jones, Mary.","Watts, James O.","Patterson, Bob.","Collins, Justus, 1857-1934"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Caster, Curran and Bullitt","Baldwin-Felts Detective Inc.","Beaver Coal Company","Winding Gulf Collieries"],"persname_ssim":["Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977","Hatfield, Henry Drury, 1875-1962","Beury, Joe.","Mann, Isaac T. (Isaac Thomas), 1864-1932","Hatfield, Troy.","Mooney, Fred, 1888-1952","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Hatfield, Elias.","Hadsell, Richard.","Dixon, Samuel.","Wolfe, George.","Collins, Jarius.","Berwind, E.J.","Patterson, S.T.","Cornwell, John J. (John Jacob), 1867-1953","Beury, Joseph L.","Renahan, J.A.","Mitchell, John.","Collins, George.","Jones, Mary.","Watts, James O.","Patterson, Bob.","Collins, Justus, 1857-1934"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:47:28.043Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_719","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_719","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_719","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_719","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_719.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195210","title_ssm":["Major W. P. Tams, Jr. Transcript of an Interview"],"title_tesim":["Major W. P. Tams, Jr. Transcript of an Interview"],"unitdate_ssm":["1825-1934"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1825-1934"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2584","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/719"],"text":["A\u0026M 2584","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/719","Major W. P. Tams, Jr. Transcript of an Interview","Kanawha Valley.","Atwater.","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Coal mining.","Coal mining - Beaver Coal Company.","Coal - Smokeless Coal Fields.","Coal mining - company stores.","Scrip.","Union names.","Coal companies - Beaver Coal Company.","Virginian Railroad -- Railroads","Coal mining - Scrip.","Virginian Railroad -- Railroads","Unions -- Coal","Railroads","Railroads - Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization.","Coal mining - Labor organization.","N\u0026W Railroads - railroads.","Coal companies - Smokeless Coal Fields.","Railroads - Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad.","Strikes and lockouts","Coal mining - coal companies.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Smokeless Coal Fields - coal.","Coal trade","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Transcript of an interview by Richard Hadsell with Major W.P. Tams, Jr., former mine operator in the Winding Gulf coal mining region. Tams discusses his early days in coal mining, the opening of the Kanawha coal region, and coal operators and union officials such as: E.J. Berwind, Joe Beury, George Collins, Jarius Collins, Justus Collins, John J. Cornwell, Samuel Dixon, Elias Hatfield, Troy Hatfield, Isaac Mann, S.T. Patterson, J.A. Renahan, James O. Watts, and George Wolfe. Other individuals mentioned include: Henry D. Hatfield, John L. Lewis, John Mitchell, Fred Mooney, Bob Patterson, and \"Mother\" Mary Jones. Tams also discusses the Winding Gulf Collieries, the Beaver Coal Co., the Smokeless Coal Field, the N\u0026W Railroad, the C\u0026O Railroad, the Virginian Railroad, Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, unions and strikes, racial relations, blacks, scrip, company stores, Atwater, and Castner, Curran and Bullitt.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Caster, Curran and Bullitt","Baldwin-Felts Detective Inc.","Beaver Coal Company","Winding Gulf Collieries","Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977","Hatfield, Henry Drury, 1875-1962","Beury, Joe.","Mann, Isaac T. (Isaac Thomas), 1864-1932","Hatfield, Troy.","Mooney, Fred, 1888-1952","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Hatfield, Elias.","Hadsell, Richard.","Dixon, Samuel.","Wolfe, George.","Collins, Jarius.","Berwind, E.J.","Patterson, S.T.","Cornwell, John J. (John Jacob), 1867-1953","Beury, Joseph L.","Renahan, J.A.","Mitchell, John.","Collins, George.","Jones, Mary.","Watts, James O.","Patterson, Bob.","Collins, Justus, 1857-1934","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2584","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/719"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Major W. P. Tams, Jr. Transcript of an Interview"],"collection_title_tesim":["Major W. P. Tams, Jr. Transcript of an Interview"],"collection_ssim":["Major W. P. Tams, Jr. Transcript of an Interview"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Kanawha Valley.","Atwater."],"geogname_ssim":["Kanawha Valley.","Atwater."],"creator_ssm":["Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977"],"creator_ssim":["Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977"],"creators_ssim":["Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977"],"places_ssim":["Kanawha Valley.","Atwater."],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Coal mining.","Coal mining - Beaver Coal Company.","Coal - Smokeless Coal Fields.","Coal mining - company stores.","Scrip.","Union names.","Coal companies - Beaver Coal Company.","Virginian Railroad -- Railroads","Coal mining - Scrip.","Virginian Railroad -- Railroads","Unions -- Coal","Railroads","Railroads - Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization.","Coal mining - Labor organization.","N\u0026W Railroads - railroads.","Coal companies - Smokeless Coal Fields.","Railroads - Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad.","Strikes and lockouts","Coal mining - coal companies.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Smokeless Coal Fields - coal.","Coal trade"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Coal mining.","Coal mining - Beaver Coal Company.","Coal - Smokeless Coal Fields.","Coal mining - company stores.","Scrip.","Union names.","Coal companies - Beaver Coal Company.","Virginian Railroad -- Railroads","Coal mining - Scrip.","Virginian Railroad -- Railroads","Unions -- Coal","Railroads","Railroads - Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Unions. SEE ALSO Labor organization.","Coal mining - Labor organization.","N\u0026W Railroads - railroads.","Coal companies - Smokeless Coal Fields.","Railroads - Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad.","Strikes and lockouts","Coal mining - coal companies.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Smokeless Coal Fields - coal.","Coal trade"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0 Linear Feet Summary: 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0 Linear Feet Summary: 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Major W. P. Tams, Jr. Transcript of an Interview, A\u0026amp;M 2584, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Major W. P. Tams, Jr. Transcript of an Interview, A\u0026M 2584, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3111958620f9d4d9f7e0cca85ca53088\"\u003eTranscript of an interview by Richard Hadsell with Major W.P. Tams, Jr., former mine operator in the Winding Gulf coal mining region. Tams discusses his early days in coal mining, the opening of the Kanawha coal region, and coal operators and union officials such as: E.J. Berwind, Joe Beury, George Collins, Jarius Collins, Justus Collins, John J. Cornwell, Samuel Dixon, Elias Hatfield, Troy Hatfield, Isaac Mann, S.T. Patterson, J.A. Renahan, James O. Watts, and George Wolfe. Other individuals mentioned include: Henry D. Hatfield, John L. Lewis, John Mitchell, Fred Mooney, Bob Patterson, and \"Mother\" Mary Jones. Tams also discusses the Winding Gulf Collieries, the Beaver Coal Co., the Smokeless Coal Field, the N\u0026amp;W Railroad, the C\u0026amp;O Railroad, the Virginian Railroad, Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, unions and strikes, racial relations, blacks, scrip, company stores, Atwater, and Castner, Curran and Bullitt.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Transcript of an interview by Richard Hadsell with Major W.P. Tams, Jr., former mine operator in the Winding Gulf coal mining region. Tams discusses his early days in coal mining, the opening of the Kanawha coal region, and coal operators and union officials such as: E.J. Berwind, Joe Beury, George Collins, Jarius Collins, Justus Collins, John J. Cornwell, Samuel Dixon, Elias Hatfield, Troy Hatfield, Isaac Mann, S.T. Patterson, J.A. Renahan, James O. Watts, and George Wolfe. Other individuals mentioned include: Henry D. Hatfield, John L. Lewis, John Mitchell, Fred Mooney, Bob Patterson, and \"Mother\" Mary Jones. Tams also discusses the Winding Gulf Collieries, the Beaver Coal Co., the Smokeless Coal Field, the N\u0026W Railroad, the C\u0026O Railroad, the Virginian Railroad, Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, unions and strikes, racial relations, blacks, scrip, company stores, Atwater, and Castner, Curran and Bullitt."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_ccb85f010e7896b8e418cc419603f86a\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["Caster, Curran and Bullitt","Baldwin-Felts Detective Inc.","Beaver Coal Company","Winding Gulf Collieries","Hatfield, Henry Drury, 1875-1962","Beury, Joe.","Mann, Isaac T. (Isaac Thomas), 1864-1932","Hatfield, Troy.","Mooney, Fred, 1888-1952","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Hatfield, Elias.","Hadsell, Richard.","Dixon, Samuel.","Wolfe, George.","Collins, Jarius.","Berwind, E.J.","Patterson, S.T.","Cornwell, John J. (John Jacob), 1867-1953","Beury, Joseph L.","Renahan, J.A.","Mitchell, John.","Collins, George.","Jones, Mary.","Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977","Watts, James O.","Patterson, Bob.","Collins, Justus, 1857-1934"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Caster, Curran and Bullitt","Baldwin-Felts Detective Inc.","Beaver Coal Company","Winding Gulf Collieries","Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977","Hatfield, Henry Drury, 1875-1962","Beury, Joe.","Mann, Isaac T. (Isaac Thomas), 1864-1932","Hatfield, Troy.","Mooney, Fred, 1888-1952","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Hatfield, Elias.","Hadsell, Richard.","Dixon, Samuel.","Wolfe, George.","Collins, Jarius.","Berwind, E.J.","Patterson, S.T.","Cornwell, John J. (John Jacob), 1867-1953","Beury, Joseph L.","Renahan, J.A.","Mitchell, John.","Collins, George.","Jones, Mary.","Watts, James O.","Patterson, Bob.","Collins, Justus, 1857-1934"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Caster, Curran and Bullitt","Baldwin-Felts Detective Inc.","Beaver Coal Company","Winding Gulf Collieries"],"persname_ssim":["Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977","Hatfield, Henry Drury, 1875-1962","Beury, Joe.","Mann, Isaac T. (Isaac Thomas), 1864-1932","Hatfield, Troy.","Mooney, Fred, 1888-1952","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Hatfield, Elias.","Hadsell, Richard.","Dixon, Samuel.","Wolfe, George.","Collins, Jarius.","Berwind, E.J.","Patterson, S.T.","Cornwell, John J. (John Jacob), 1867-1953","Beury, Joseph L.","Renahan, J.A.","Mitchell, John.","Collins, George.","Jones, Mary.","Watts, James O.","Patterson, Bob.","Collins, Justus, 1857-1934"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:47:28.043Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_719"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5135","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Marshall County Archives","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5135#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Marshall County Court","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5135#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"County and circuit clerks records, arranged chronologically. Records for the years 1835-1857, include bonds of ministers, tavern operators, ordinaries, ferries, and county officials; estate settlements; records pertaining to road, bridge, and public building; records of the overseer of the poor; school commissioners' and surveyors' appointments; and lists of county officials. Records for 1863-1874 include county supervisors' records; records of the Fairmont and Wheeling Turnpike; and muster certificates and reenlistment and bounty lists for the First, Second, Sixth, Seventh, Tenth, Fifteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth West Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiments, the First, Third, Fifth, Sixth West Virginia Cavalry, the First Light Artillery Regiment, and the Forty-fifth Regiment, United States Colored Troops. Papers for 1867-1907 include justice of the peace records, United States Admiralty Court records, and road surveyors' statements.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5135#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5135","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5135","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5135","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5135","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_5135.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/198538","title_ssm":["Marshall County Archives"],"title_tesim":["Marshall County Archives"],"unitdate_ssm":["1831-1948"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1831-1948"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1672","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5135"],"text":["A\u0026M 1672","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5135","Marshall County Archives","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Bridges","Civil War - United States 45th Regiment Colored Troops.","Civil War - West Virginia 10th Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 15th Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 17th Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 18th Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 1st Cavalry.","Civil War - West Virginia 1st Light Artillery Regiment.","Civil War - West Virginia 1st Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 2nd Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 3rd Cavalry.","Civil War - West Virginia 5th Cavalry.","Civil War - West Virginia 6th Cavalry.","Civil War - West Virginia 6th Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 7th Volunteer Infantry.","Court records","Education","Estate settlements.","Fairmont and Wheeling Turnpike.","Justices of the peace","Marshall County - archives.","Ministers - letters and papers.","Roads. SEE ALSO Turnpikes.","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Surveyors and surveying.","Taverns (Inns)","Turnpikes. SEE ALSO Roads.","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","County and circuit clerks records, arranged chronologically. Records for the years 1835-1857, include bonds of ministers, tavern operators, ordinaries, ferries, and county officials; estate settlements; records pertaining to road, bridge, and public building; records of the overseer of the poor; school commissioners' and surveyors' appointments; and lists of county officials. Records for 1863-1874 include county supervisors' records; records of the Fairmont and Wheeling Turnpike; and muster certificates and reenlistment and bounty lists for the First, Second, Sixth, Seventh, Tenth, Fifteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth West Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiments, the First, Third, Fifth, Sixth West Virginia Cavalry, the First Light Artillery Regiment, and the Forty-fifth Regiment, United States Colored Troops. Papers for 1867-1907 include justice of the peace records, United States Admiralty Court records, and road surveyors' statements.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Marshall County Court","United States - Admiralty Court.","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1672","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5135"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Marshall County Archives"],"collection_title_tesim":["Marshall County Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Marshall County Archives"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Marshall County Court"],"creator_ssim":["Marshall County Court"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Marshall County Court"],"creators_ssim":["Marshall County Court"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Bridges","Civil War - United States 45th Regiment Colored Troops.","Civil War - West Virginia 10th Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 15th Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 17th Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 18th Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 1st Cavalry.","Civil War - West Virginia 1st Light Artillery Regiment.","Civil War - West Virginia 1st Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 2nd Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 3rd Cavalry.","Civil War - West Virginia 5th Cavalry.","Civil War - West Virginia 6th Cavalry.","Civil War - West Virginia 6th Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 7th Volunteer Infantry.","Court records","Education","Estate settlements.","Fairmont and Wheeling Turnpike.","Justices of the peace","Marshall County - archives.","Ministers - letters and papers.","Roads. SEE ALSO Turnpikes.","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Surveyors and surveying.","Taverns (Inns)","Turnpikes. SEE ALSO Roads."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Bridges","Civil War - United States 45th Regiment Colored Troops.","Civil War - West Virginia 10th Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 15th Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 17th Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 18th Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 1st Cavalry.","Civil War - West Virginia 1st Light Artillery Regiment.","Civil War - West Virginia 1st Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 2nd Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 3rd Cavalry.","Civil War - West Virginia 5th Cavalry.","Civil War - West Virginia 6th Cavalry.","Civil War - West Virginia 6th Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 7th Volunteer Infantry.","Court records","Education","Estate settlements.","Fairmont and Wheeling Turnpike.","Justices of the peace","Marshall County - archives.","Ministers - letters and papers.","Roads. SEE ALSO Turnpikes.","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Surveyors and surveying.","Taverns (Inns)","Turnpikes. SEE ALSO Roads."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["19.38 Linear Feet Summary: 19 ft. 4 1/2 in. (41 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 ledgers, 6 1/2 in.); (12 reels of microfilm, 1.75 in. each)"],"extent_tesim":["19.38 Linear Feet Summary: 19 ft. 4 1/2 in. (41 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 ledgers, 6 1/2 in.); (12 reels of microfilm, 1.75 in. each)"],"date_range_isim":[1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Marshall County Archives, A\u0026amp;M 1672, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Marshall County Archives, A\u0026M 1672, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_513eee45bae29e5bc6aa345d24ac3920\"\u003eCounty and circuit clerks records, arranged chronologically. Records for the years 1835-1857, include bonds of ministers, tavern operators, ordinaries, ferries, and county officials; estate settlements; records pertaining to road, bridge, and public building; records of the overseer of the poor; school commissioners' and surveyors' appointments; and lists of county officials. Records for 1863-1874 include county supervisors' records; records of the Fairmont and Wheeling Turnpike; and muster certificates and reenlistment and bounty lists for the First, Second, Sixth, Seventh, Tenth, Fifteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth West Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiments, the First, Third, Fifth, Sixth West Virginia Cavalry, the First Light Artillery Regiment, and the Forty-fifth Regiment, United States Colored Troops. Papers for 1867-1907 include justice of the peace records, United States Admiralty Court records, and road surveyors' statements.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["County and circuit clerks records, arranged chronologically. Records for the years 1835-1857, include bonds of ministers, tavern operators, ordinaries, ferries, and county officials; estate settlements; records pertaining to road, bridge, and public building; records of the overseer of the poor; school commissioners' and surveyors' appointments; and lists of county officials. Records for 1863-1874 include county supervisors' records; records of the Fairmont and Wheeling Turnpike; and muster certificates and reenlistment and bounty lists for the First, Second, Sixth, Seventh, Tenth, Fifteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth West Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiments, the First, Third, Fifth, Sixth West Virginia Cavalry, the First Light Artillery Regiment, and the Forty-fifth Regiment, United States Colored Troops. Papers for 1867-1907 include justice of the peace records, United States Admiralty Court records, and road surveyors' statements."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_a5f14f7ad11859b5fda832be0295a369\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States - Admiralty Court."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Marshall County Court","United States - Admiralty Court."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Marshall County Court","United States - Admiralty Court."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:38:57.478Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5135","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5135","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5135","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5135","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_5135.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/198538","title_ssm":["Marshall County Archives"],"title_tesim":["Marshall County Archives"],"unitdate_ssm":["1831-1948"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1831-1948"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1672","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5135"],"text":["A\u0026M 1672","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5135","Marshall County Archives","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Bridges","Civil War - United States 45th Regiment Colored Troops.","Civil War - West Virginia 10th Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 15th Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 17th Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 18th Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 1st Cavalry.","Civil War - West Virginia 1st Light Artillery Regiment.","Civil War - West Virginia 1st Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 2nd Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 3rd Cavalry.","Civil War - West Virginia 5th Cavalry.","Civil War - West Virginia 6th Cavalry.","Civil War - West Virginia 6th Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 7th Volunteer Infantry.","Court records","Education","Estate settlements.","Fairmont and Wheeling Turnpike.","Justices of the peace","Marshall County - archives.","Ministers - letters and papers.","Roads. SEE ALSO Turnpikes.","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Surveyors and surveying.","Taverns (Inns)","Turnpikes. SEE ALSO Roads.","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","County and circuit clerks records, arranged chronologically. Records for the years 1835-1857, include bonds of ministers, tavern operators, ordinaries, ferries, and county officials; estate settlements; records pertaining to road, bridge, and public building; records of the overseer of the poor; school commissioners' and surveyors' appointments; and lists of county officials. Records for 1863-1874 include county supervisors' records; records of the Fairmont and Wheeling Turnpike; and muster certificates and reenlistment and bounty lists for the First, Second, Sixth, Seventh, Tenth, Fifteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth West Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiments, the First, Third, Fifth, Sixth West Virginia Cavalry, the First Light Artillery Regiment, and the Forty-fifth Regiment, United States Colored Troops. Papers for 1867-1907 include justice of the peace records, United States Admiralty Court records, and road surveyors' statements.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Marshall County Court","United States - Admiralty Court.","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1672","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5135"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Marshall County Archives"],"collection_title_tesim":["Marshall County Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Marshall County Archives"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Marshall County Court"],"creator_ssim":["Marshall County Court"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Marshall County Court"],"creators_ssim":["Marshall County Court"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Bridges","Civil War - United States 45th Regiment Colored Troops.","Civil War - West Virginia 10th Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 15th Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 17th Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 18th Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 1st Cavalry.","Civil War - West Virginia 1st Light Artillery Regiment.","Civil War - West Virginia 1st Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 2nd Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 3rd Cavalry.","Civil War - West Virginia 5th Cavalry.","Civil War - West Virginia 6th Cavalry.","Civil War - West Virginia 6th Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 7th Volunteer Infantry.","Court records","Education","Estate settlements.","Fairmont and Wheeling Turnpike.","Justices of the peace","Marshall County - archives.","Ministers - letters and papers.","Roads. SEE ALSO Turnpikes.","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Surveyors and surveying.","Taverns (Inns)","Turnpikes. SEE ALSO Roads."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Bridges","Civil War - United States 45th Regiment Colored Troops.","Civil War - West Virginia 10th Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 15th Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 17th Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 18th Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 1st Cavalry.","Civil War - West Virginia 1st Light Artillery Regiment.","Civil War - West Virginia 1st Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 2nd Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 3rd Cavalry.","Civil War - West Virginia 5th Cavalry.","Civil War - West Virginia 6th Cavalry.","Civil War - West Virginia 6th Volunteer Infantry.","Civil War - West Virginia 7th Volunteer Infantry.","Court records","Education","Estate settlements.","Fairmont and Wheeling Turnpike.","Justices of the peace","Marshall County - archives.","Ministers - letters and papers.","Roads. SEE ALSO Turnpikes.","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Surveyors and surveying.","Taverns (Inns)","Turnpikes. SEE ALSO Roads."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["19.38 Linear Feet Summary: 19 ft. 4 1/2 in. (41 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 ledgers, 6 1/2 in.); (12 reels of microfilm, 1.75 in. each)"],"extent_tesim":["19.38 Linear Feet Summary: 19 ft. 4 1/2 in. (41 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 ledgers, 6 1/2 in.); (12 reels of microfilm, 1.75 in. each)"],"date_range_isim":[1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Marshall County Archives, A\u0026amp;M 1672, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Marshall County Archives, A\u0026M 1672, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_513eee45bae29e5bc6aa345d24ac3920\"\u003eCounty and circuit clerks records, arranged chronologically. Records for the years 1835-1857, include bonds of ministers, tavern operators, ordinaries, ferries, and county officials; estate settlements; records pertaining to road, bridge, and public building; records of the overseer of the poor; school commissioners' and surveyors' appointments; and lists of county officials. Records for 1863-1874 include county supervisors' records; records of the Fairmont and Wheeling Turnpike; and muster certificates and reenlistment and bounty lists for the First, Second, Sixth, Seventh, Tenth, Fifteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth West Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiments, the First, Third, Fifth, Sixth West Virginia Cavalry, the First Light Artillery Regiment, and the Forty-fifth Regiment, United States Colored Troops. Papers for 1867-1907 include justice of the peace records, United States Admiralty Court records, and road surveyors' statements.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["County and circuit clerks records, arranged chronologically. Records for the years 1835-1857, include bonds of ministers, tavern operators, ordinaries, ferries, and county officials; estate settlements; records pertaining to road, bridge, and public building; records of the overseer of the poor; school commissioners' and surveyors' appointments; and lists of county officials. Records for 1863-1874 include county supervisors' records; records of the Fairmont and Wheeling Turnpike; and muster certificates and reenlistment and bounty lists for the First, Second, Sixth, Seventh, Tenth, Fifteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth West Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiments, the First, Third, Fifth, Sixth West Virginia Cavalry, the First Light Artillery Regiment, and the Forty-fifth Regiment, United States Colored Troops. Papers for 1867-1907 include justice of the peace records, United States Admiralty Court records, and road surveyors' statements."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_a5f14f7ad11859b5fda832be0295a369\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States - Admiralty Court."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Marshall County Court","United States - Admiralty Court."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Marshall County Court","United States - Admiralty Court."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:38:57.478Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5135"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2432","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Monroe County Archives","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2432#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Monroe County Court","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2432#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Court case papers, wills, deeds, surveys and plats, ca.1772-1879, along with bound volumes of court records, deeds, estrays, road and tax records, a register for free blacks, and private account books, 1783-1923. The account books include: records of a U.S. Army post hospital at Union, 1867-1869; oil well drilling, 1886-1890; Union and Fort Spring Stage Line, 1876-1877; newspapers, 1867-1903; taverns, 1815-1872; and Union Lyceum minutes, 1845-1847.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2432#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2432","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2432","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2432","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2432","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2432.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196498","title_ssm":["Monroe County Archives"],"title_tesim":["Monroe County Archives"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1772-1923"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1772-1923"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0102","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2432"],"text":["A\u0026M 0102","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2432","Monroe County Archives","Monroe County (W. Va.)","Union.","Account books","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Court records","Hospitals and sanitariums.","Petroleum industry and trade","Roads. SEE ALSO Turnpikes.","Taverns (Inns)","Taxation","Transportation","All or part of this collection is stored offsite. Please make an appointment prior to visiting.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Court case papers, wills, deeds, surveys and plats, ca.1772-1879, along with bound volumes of court records, deeds, estrays, road and tax records, a register for free blacks, and private account books, 1783-1923. The account books include: records of a U.S. Army post hospital at Union, 1867-1869; oil well drilling, 1886-1890; Union and Fort Spring Stage Line, 1876-1877; newspapers, 1867-1903; taverns, 1815-1872; and Union Lyceum minutes, 1845-1847.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Monroe County Court","Union and Fort Spring Stage Line.","Union Lyceum (West Virginia)","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0102","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2432"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Monroe County Archives"],"collection_title_tesim":["Monroe County Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Monroe County Archives"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Monroe County (W. Va.)","Union."],"geogname_ssim":["Monroe County (W. Va.)","Union."],"creator_ssm":["Monroe County Court"],"creator_ssim":["Monroe County Court"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Monroe County Court"],"creators_ssim":["Monroe County Court"],"places_ssim":["Monroe County (W. Va.)","Union."],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Account books","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Court records","Hospitals and sanitariums.","Petroleum industry and trade","Roads. SEE ALSO Turnpikes.","Taverns (Inns)","Taxation","Transportation"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Account books","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Court records","Hospitals and sanitariums.","Petroleum industry and trade","Roads. SEE ALSO Turnpikes.","Taverns (Inns)","Taxation","Transportation"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["65.08 Linear Feet Summary: 65 ft. 1 in. (96 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 records cartons, 15 in. each); (1 records carton, 17 in.); (19 ledgers, 2 ft. 5 in.); (120 reels of microfilm, 1.75 in. each)"],"extent_tesim":["65.08 Linear Feet Summary: 65 ft. 1 in. (96 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 records cartons, 15 in. each); (1 records carton, 17 in.); (19 ledgers, 2 ft. 5 in.); (120 reels of microfilm, 1.75 in. each)"],"date_range_isim":[1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll or part of this collection is stored offsite. Please make an appointment prior to visiting.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["All or part of this collection is stored offsite. Please make an appointment prior to visiting."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Monroe County Archives, A\u0026amp;M 0102, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Monroe County Archives, A\u0026M 0102, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f2cb3ae909ece313f0fb1925ac4ae3a4\"\u003eCourt case papers, wills, deeds, surveys and plats, ca.1772-1879, along with bound volumes of court records, deeds, estrays, road and tax records, a register for free blacks, and private account books, 1783-1923. The account books include: records of a U.S. Army post hospital at Union, 1867-1869; oil well drilling, 1886-1890; Union and Fort Spring Stage Line, 1876-1877; newspapers, 1867-1903; taverns, 1815-1872; and Union Lyceum minutes, 1845-1847.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Court case papers, wills, deeds, surveys and plats, ca.1772-1879, along with bound volumes of court records, deeds, estrays, road and tax records, a register for free blacks, and private account books, 1783-1923. The account books include: records of a U.S. Army post hospital at Union, 1867-1869; oil well drilling, 1886-1890; Union and Fort Spring Stage Line, 1876-1877; newspapers, 1867-1903; taverns, 1815-1872; and Union Lyceum minutes, 1845-1847."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_c0b493bef36cc0ebc0cbecf7bc000ecc\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["Union and Fort Spring Stage Line.","Union Lyceum (West Virginia)"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Monroe County Court","Union and Fort Spring Stage Line.","Union Lyceum (West Virginia)"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Monroe County Court","Union and Fort Spring Stage Line.","Union Lyceum (West Virginia)"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:44:13.219Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2432","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2432","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2432","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2432","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2432.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196498","title_ssm":["Monroe County Archives"],"title_tesim":["Monroe County Archives"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1772-1923"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1772-1923"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0102","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2432"],"text":["A\u0026M 0102","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2432","Monroe County Archives","Monroe County (W. Va.)","Union.","Account books","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Court records","Hospitals and sanitariums.","Petroleum industry and trade","Roads. SEE ALSO Turnpikes.","Taverns (Inns)","Taxation","Transportation","All or part of this collection is stored offsite. Please make an appointment prior to visiting.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Court case papers, wills, deeds, surveys and plats, ca.1772-1879, along with bound volumes of court records, deeds, estrays, road and tax records, a register for free blacks, and private account books, 1783-1923. The account books include: records of a U.S. Army post hospital at Union, 1867-1869; oil well drilling, 1886-1890; Union and Fort Spring Stage Line, 1876-1877; newspapers, 1867-1903; taverns, 1815-1872; and Union Lyceum minutes, 1845-1847.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Monroe County Court","Union and Fort Spring Stage Line.","Union Lyceum (West Virginia)","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0102","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2432"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Monroe County Archives"],"collection_title_tesim":["Monroe County Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Monroe County Archives"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Monroe County (W. Va.)","Union."],"geogname_ssim":["Monroe County (W. Va.)","Union."],"creator_ssm":["Monroe County Court"],"creator_ssim":["Monroe County Court"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Monroe County Court"],"creators_ssim":["Monroe County Court"],"places_ssim":["Monroe County (W. Va.)","Union."],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Account books","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Court records","Hospitals and sanitariums.","Petroleum industry and trade","Roads. SEE ALSO Turnpikes.","Taverns (Inns)","Taxation","Transportation"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Account books","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Court records","Hospitals and sanitariums.","Petroleum industry and trade","Roads. SEE ALSO Turnpikes.","Taverns (Inns)","Taxation","Transportation"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["65.08 Linear Feet Summary: 65 ft. 1 in. (96 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 records cartons, 15 in. each); (1 records carton, 17 in.); (19 ledgers, 2 ft. 5 in.); (120 reels of microfilm, 1.75 in. each)"],"extent_tesim":["65.08 Linear Feet Summary: 65 ft. 1 in. (96 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 records cartons, 15 in. each); (1 records carton, 17 in.); (19 ledgers, 2 ft. 5 in.); (120 reels of microfilm, 1.75 in. each)"],"date_range_isim":[1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll or part of this collection is stored offsite. Please make an appointment prior to visiting.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["All or part of this collection is stored offsite. Please make an appointment prior to visiting."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Monroe County Archives, A\u0026amp;M 0102, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Monroe County Archives, A\u0026M 0102, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f2cb3ae909ece313f0fb1925ac4ae3a4\"\u003eCourt case papers, wills, deeds, surveys and plats, ca.1772-1879, along with bound volumes of court records, deeds, estrays, road and tax records, a register for free blacks, and private account books, 1783-1923. The account books include: records of a U.S. Army post hospital at Union, 1867-1869; oil well drilling, 1886-1890; Union and Fort Spring Stage Line, 1876-1877; newspapers, 1867-1903; taverns, 1815-1872; and Union Lyceum minutes, 1845-1847.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Court case papers, wills, deeds, surveys and plats, ca.1772-1879, along with bound volumes of court records, deeds, estrays, road and tax records, a register for free blacks, and private account books, 1783-1923. The account books include: records of a U.S. Army post hospital at Union, 1867-1869; oil well drilling, 1886-1890; Union and Fort Spring Stage Line, 1876-1877; newspapers, 1867-1903; taverns, 1815-1872; and Union Lyceum minutes, 1845-1847."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_c0b493bef36cc0ebc0cbecf7bc000ecc\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["Union and Fort Spring Stage Line.","Union Lyceum (West Virginia)"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Monroe County Court","Union and Fort Spring Stage Line.","Union Lyceum (West Virginia)"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Monroe County Court","Union and Fort Spring Stage Line.","Union Lyceum (West Virginia)"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:44:13.219Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2432"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1361","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Pittenger Family Letters","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1361#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Pittenger family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1361#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Various Pittenger family members wrote these letters, mostly to other family members. The most frequent correspondent is Abraham Pittenger, a farmer, teacher, and local government official in Hancock County. The letters detail farming and marketing of farm goods, educational developments, affairs of the Presbyterian Church, and family events. The collection also provides significant information about the early Republican party, secession crisis, Civil War and Reconstruction.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1361#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1361","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1361","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1361","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1361","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1361.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195668","title_ssm":["Pittenger Family Letters"],"title_tesim":["Pittenger Family Letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["1841-1875"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1841-1875"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3127","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1361"],"text":["A\u0026M 3127","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1361","Pittenger Family Letters","Pennsylvania","Ohio","Illinois","Hancock County (W. Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Prisoners and prisons","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Weather","Wheeling Convention -- Wheeling (W. Va.) -- First","Teachers","Politics and government.","Steamboats","Jews \u0026 Judaism.","Elections","Schools","Farms and farming.","Churches  -- Presbyterian and Reformed","Oil and Gas Industry and Fields.","Churches  -- West Virginia -- Hancock County","Livestock","Clergy","Civil War --  Illinois 28th Infantry","Abolition of slavery","No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Various Pittenger family members wrote these letters, mostly to other family members. The most frequent correspondent is Abraham Pittenger, a farmer, teacher, and local government official in Hancock County. The letters detail farming and marketing of farm goods, educational developments, affairs of the Presbyterian Church, and family events. The collection also provides significant information about the early Republican party, secession crisis, Civil War and Reconstruction.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )","Pittenger family","Aten, William.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3127","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1361"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Pittenger Family Letters"],"collection_title_tesim":["Pittenger Family Letters"],"collection_ssim":["Pittenger Family Letters"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Pennsylvania","Ohio","Illinois","Hancock County (W. Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Prisoners and prisons"],"geogname_ssim":["Pennsylvania","Ohio","Illinois","Hancock County (W. Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Prisoners and prisons"],"creator_ssm":["Pittenger family"],"creator_ssim":["Pittenger family"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Pittenger family"],"creators_ssim":["Pittenger family"],"places_ssim":["Pennsylvania","Ohio","Illinois","Hancock County (W. Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Prisoners and prisons"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Weather","Wheeling Convention -- Wheeling (W. Va.) -- First","Teachers","Politics and government.","Steamboats","Jews \u0026 Judaism.","Elections","Schools","Farms and farming.","Churches  -- Presbyterian and Reformed","Oil and Gas Industry and Fields.","Churches  -- West Virginia -- Hancock County","Livestock","Clergy","Civil War --  Illinois 28th Infantry","Abolition of slavery"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Weather","Wheeling Convention -- Wheeling (W. Va.) -- First","Teachers","Politics and government.","Steamboats","Jews \u0026 Judaism.","Elections","Schools","Farms and farming.","Churches  -- Presbyterian and Reformed","Oil and Gas Industry and Fields.","Churches  -- West Virginia -- Hancock County","Livestock","Clergy","Civil War --  Illinois 28th Infantry","Abolition of slavery"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0 Linear Feet Summary: 34 items"],"extent_tesim":["0 Linear Feet Summary: 34 items"],"date_range_isim":[1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Pittenger Family Letters, A\u0026amp;M 3127, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Pittenger Family Letters, A\u0026M 3127, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_dfffa59a1d8d7281efbb48458a745143\"\u003eVarious Pittenger family members wrote these letters, mostly to other family members. The most frequent correspondent is Abraham Pittenger, a farmer, teacher, and local government official in Hancock County. The letters detail farming and marketing of farm goods, educational developments, affairs of the Presbyterian Church, and family events. The collection also provides significant information about the early Republican party, secession crisis, Civil War and Reconstruction.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Various Pittenger family members wrote these letters, mostly to other family members. The most frequent correspondent is Abraham Pittenger, a farmer, teacher, and local government official in Hancock County. The letters detail farming and marketing of farm goods, educational developments, affairs of the Presbyterian Church, and family events. The collection also provides significant information about the early Republican party, secession crisis, Civil War and Reconstruction."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_1d999358d467280bfe00594eaca61b4e\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )","Pittenger family","Aten, William."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )","Pittenger family","Aten, William."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )"],"famname_ssim":["Pittenger family"],"persname_ssim":["Aten, William."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:44:25.654Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1361","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1361","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1361","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1361","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1361.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195668","title_ssm":["Pittenger Family Letters"],"title_tesim":["Pittenger Family Letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["1841-1875"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1841-1875"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3127","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1361"],"text":["A\u0026M 3127","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1361","Pittenger Family Letters","Pennsylvania","Ohio","Illinois","Hancock County (W. Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Prisoners and prisons","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Weather","Wheeling Convention -- Wheeling (W. Va.) -- First","Teachers","Politics and government.","Steamboats","Jews \u0026 Judaism.","Elections","Schools","Farms and farming.","Churches  -- Presbyterian and Reformed","Oil and Gas Industry and Fields.","Churches  -- West Virginia -- Hancock County","Livestock","Clergy","Civil War --  Illinois 28th Infantry","Abolition of slavery","No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Various Pittenger family members wrote these letters, mostly to other family members. The most frequent correspondent is Abraham Pittenger, a farmer, teacher, and local government official in Hancock County. The letters detail farming and marketing of farm goods, educational developments, affairs of the Presbyterian Church, and family events. The collection also provides significant information about the early Republican party, secession crisis, Civil War and Reconstruction.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )","Pittenger family","Aten, William.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3127","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1361"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Pittenger Family Letters"],"collection_title_tesim":["Pittenger Family Letters"],"collection_ssim":["Pittenger Family Letters"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Pennsylvania","Ohio","Illinois","Hancock County (W. Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Prisoners and prisons"],"geogname_ssim":["Pennsylvania","Ohio","Illinois","Hancock County (W. Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Prisoners and prisons"],"creator_ssm":["Pittenger family"],"creator_ssim":["Pittenger family"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Pittenger family"],"creators_ssim":["Pittenger family"],"places_ssim":["Pennsylvania","Ohio","Illinois","Hancock County (W. Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Prisoners and prisons"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Weather","Wheeling Convention -- Wheeling (W. Va.) -- First","Teachers","Politics and government.","Steamboats","Jews \u0026 Judaism.","Elections","Schools","Farms and farming.","Churches  -- Presbyterian and Reformed","Oil and Gas Industry and Fields.","Churches  -- West Virginia -- Hancock County","Livestock","Clergy","Civil War --  Illinois 28th Infantry","Abolition of slavery"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Weather","Wheeling Convention -- Wheeling (W. Va.) -- First","Teachers","Politics and government.","Steamboats","Jews \u0026 Judaism.","Elections","Schools","Farms and farming.","Churches  -- Presbyterian and Reformed","Oil and Gas Industry and Fields.","Churches  -- West Virginia -- Hancock County","Livestock","Clergy","Civil War --  Illinois 28th Infantry","Abolition of slavery"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0 Linear Feet Summary: 34 items"],"extent_tesim":["0 Linear Feet Summary: 34 items"],"date_range_isim":[1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Pittenger Family Letters, A\u0026amp;M 3127, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Pittenger Family Letters, A\u0026M 3127, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_dfffa59a1d8d7281efbb48458a745143\"\u003eVarious Pittenger family members wrote these letters, mostly to other family members. The most frequent correspondent is Abraham Pittenger, a farmer, teacher, and local government official in Hancock County. The letters detail farming and marketing of farm goods, educational developments, affairs of the Presbyterian Church, and family events. The collection also provides significant information about the early Republican party, secession crisis, Civil War and Reconstruction.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Various Pittenger family members wrote these letters, mostly to other family members. The most frequent correspondent is Abraham Pittenger, a farmer, teacher, and local government official in Hancock County. The letters detail farming and marketing of farm goods, educational developments, affairs of the Presbyterian Church, and family events. The collection also provides significant information about the early Republican party, secession crisis, Civil War and Reconstruction."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_1d999358d467280bfe00594eaca61b4e\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )","Pittenger family","Aten, William."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )","Pittenger family","Aten, William."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )"],"famname_ssim":["Pittenger family"],"persname_ssim":["Aten, William."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:44:25.654Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1361"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Writers' Program in West Virginia Records","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Federal Writers' Project","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePapers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2760.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196806","title_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"title_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1850-1942","ca. 1935-1942"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["ca. 1935-1942"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1850-1942"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760"],"text":["A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760","Writers' Program in West Virginia Records","West Virginia","African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","No special access restriction applies.","The Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.","The objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.","The Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942.","archives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.","183, 454, 527","Papers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.","The Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.","There are six series in the collection:","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86 \nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89 \nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91 \nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93 \nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103 \nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108 \nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109","The Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.","The sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.","Published material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.","Unpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.","Although most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.","Items of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.","The West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026M 183):","1. Barbour, boxes 1-4 \n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5 \n3. Boone, box 5 \n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7 \n5. Brooke, box 7 \n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10 \n7. Calhoun, box 10 \n8. Clay, box 10 \n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14 \n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16 \n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20 \n12. Grant, box 20 \n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22 \n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23 \n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026M 183) \n16. Hancock, box 24 \n17. Harrison, box 24 \n18. Jackson, box 25 \n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27 \n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29 \n21. Lewis, box 29 \n22. Lincoln, box 29 \n23. Logan, box 30 \n24. Marion, box 30 \n25. Marshall, box 31 \n26. Mason, boxes 31-36 \n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42 \nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026M 183) \n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45 \n29. Monongalia, box 46 \n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53 \n31. McDowell, box 54 \n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57 \n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58 \n34. Pendleton, box 59 \n35. Pleasants, box 59 \n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64 \n37. Preston, box 65 \n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67 \n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70 \n40. Randolph, box 71 \n41. Ritchie, box 71 \n42. Roane, box 71 \n43. Summers, boxes 72-75 \n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77 \n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80 \n46. Tyler, box 80 \n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81 \n48. Wayne, box 81 \n49. Webster, boxes 81-83 \n50. Wetzel, box 83 \n51. Wirt, box 83 \n52. Wood, boxes 84-86 \n53. Wyoming, box 86","Each county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:","1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.","2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.","3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.","4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.","5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.","6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).","7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.","8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.","9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.","10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.","11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.","12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.","13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.","14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.","15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.","16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.","17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.","18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.","Notable items in the County Series include:","information regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);","a narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);","research regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);","a transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);","several photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);","photographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);","several copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);","and information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).","Includes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.","General Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.","Notable items in the General Material Series include:","a transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);","several transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);","three original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).","This series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.","Notable items in the Folklore Series include:","remedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);","lockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);","a narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).","This series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.","There are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:","1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);","2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);","3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);","4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).","There are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).","Other notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:","a transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);","an original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);","a narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);","original and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).","The Fact Book series contains:","1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103","The materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.","1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.","Notable items in Fact Book--General include:","typescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);","a typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).","2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.","Notable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:","several transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);","transcripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";","newspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);","article entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);","transcripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);","interviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);","transcript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).","Includes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","Additional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.","Notable items in the Writers' Project series include:","information pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);","historical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);","transcripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);","transcripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);","transcript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).","Includes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"collection_ssim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["West Virginia"],"geogname_ssim":["West Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Federal Writers' Project"],"creator_ssim":["Federal Writers' Project"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Federal Writers' Project"],"creators_ssim":["Federal Writers' Project"],"places_ssim":["West Virginia"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["45.6 Linear Feet 45 ft. 7 in. (109 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 2 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["45.6 Linear Feet 45 ft. 7 in. (109 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 2 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.","The objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.","The Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003earchives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Legacy Formats"],"odd_tesim":["archives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, A\u0026amp;M 0454, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, A\u0026M 0454, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e183, 454, 527\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["183, 454, 527"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are six series in the collection:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePublished material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlthough most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eItems of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026amp;M 183):\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Barbour, boxes 1-4\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n3. Boone, box 5\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n5. Brooke, box 7\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n7. Calhoun, box 10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n8. Clay, box 10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n12. Grant, box 20\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026amp;M 183)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n16. Hancock, box 24\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n17. Harrison, box 24\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n18. Jackson, box 25\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n21. Lewis, box 29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n22. Lincoln, box 29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n23. Logan, box 30\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n24. Marion, box 30\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n25. Marshall, box 31\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n26. Mason, boxes 31-36\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026amp;M 183)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n29. Monongalia, box 46\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n31. McDowell, box 54\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n34. Pendleton, box 59\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n35. Pleasants, box 59\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n37. Preston, box 65\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n40. Randolph, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n41. Ritchie, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n42. Roane, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n43. Summers, boxes 72-75\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n46. Tyler, box 80\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n48. Wayne, box 81\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n49. Webster, boxes 81-83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n50. Wetzel, box 83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n51. Wirt, box 83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n52. Wood, boxes 84-86\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n53. Wyoming, box 86\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEach county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the County Series include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003einformation regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eresearch regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eseveral photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ephotographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eseveral copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eand information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the General Material Series include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eseveral transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ethree original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the Folklore Series include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eremedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003elockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eomens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eomens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ean original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eoriginal and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Fact Book series contains:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in Fact Book--General include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003etypescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eseveral transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003enewspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003earticle entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003einterviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003etranscript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026amp;M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the Writers' Project series include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003einformation pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehistorical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003etranscript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.","The Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.","There are six series in the collection:","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86 \nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89 \nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91 \nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93 \nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103 \nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108 \nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109","The Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.","The sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.","Published material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.","Unpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.","Although most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.","Items of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.","The West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026M 183):","1. Barbour, boxes 1-4 \n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5 \n3. Boone, box 5 \n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7 \n5. Brooke, box 7 \n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10 \n7. Calhoun, box 10 \n8. Clay, box 10 \n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14 \n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16 \n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20 \n12. Grant, box 20 \n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22 \n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23 \n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026M 183) \n16. Hancock, box 24 \n17. Harrison, box 24 \n18. Jackson, box 25 \n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27 \n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29 \n21. Lewis, box 29 \n22. Lincoln, box 29 \n23. Logan, box 30 \n24. Marion, box 30 \n25. Marshall, box 31 \n26. Mason, boxes 31-36 \n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42 \nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026M 183) \n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45 \n29. Monongalia, box 46 \n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53 \n31. McDowell, box 54 \n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57 \n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58 \n34. Pendleton, box 59 \n35. Pleasants, box 59 \n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64 \n37. Preston, box 65 \n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67 \n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70 \n40. Randolph, box 71 \n41. Ritchie, box 71 \n42. Roane, box 71 \n43. Summers, boxes 72-75 \n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77 \n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80 \n46. Tyler, box 80 \n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81 \n48. Wayne, box 81 \n49. Webster, boxes 81-83 \n50. Wetzel, box 83 \n51. Wirt, box 83 \n52. Wood, boxes 84-86 \n53. Wyoming, box 86","Each county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:","1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.","2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.","3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.","4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.","5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.","6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).","7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.","8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.","9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.","10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.","11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.","12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.","13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.","14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.","15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.","16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.","17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.","18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.","Notable items in the County Series include:","information regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);","a narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);","research regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);","a transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);","several photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);","photographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);","several copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);","and information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).","Includes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.","General Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.","Notable items in the General Material Series include:","a transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);","several transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);","three original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).","This series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.","Notable items in the Folklore Series include:","remedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);","lockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);","a narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).","This series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.","There are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:","1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);","2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);","3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);","4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).","There are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).","Other notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:","a transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);","an original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);","a narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);","original and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).","The Fact Book series contains:","1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103","The materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.","1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.","Notable items in Fact Book--General include:","typescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);","a typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).","2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.","Notable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:","several transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);","transcripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";","newspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);","article entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);","transcripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);","interviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);","transcript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).","Includes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","Additional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.","Notable items in the Writers' Project series include:","information pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);","historical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);","transcripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);","transcripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);","transcript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).","Includes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_7db7750c7837e29de89890c5fd27d017\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1214,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:39:45.499Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2760.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196806","title_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"title_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1850-1942","ca. 1935-1942"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["ca. 1935-1942"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1850-1942"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760"],"text":["A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760","Writers' Program in West Virginia Records","West Virginia","African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","No special access restriction applies.","The Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.","The objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.","The Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942.","archives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.","183, 454, 527","Papers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.","The Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.","There are six series in the collection:","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86 \nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89 \nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91 \nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93 \nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103 \nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108 \nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109","The Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.","The sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.","Published material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.","Unpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.","Although most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.","Items of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.","The West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026M 183):","1. Barbour, boxes 1-4 \n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5 \n3. Boone, box 5 \n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7 \n5. Brooke, box 7 \n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10 \n7. Calhoun, box 10 \n8. Clay, box 10 \n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14 \n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16 \n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20 \n12. Grant, box 20 \n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22 \n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23 \n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026M 183) \n16. Hancock, box 24 \n17. Harrison, box 24 \n18. Jackson, box 25 \n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27 \n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29 \n21. Lewis, box 29 \n22. Lincoln, box 29 \n23. Logan, box 30 \n24. Marion, box 30 \n25. Marshall, box 31 \n26. Mason, boxes 31-36 \n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42 \nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026M 183) \n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45 \n29. Monongalia, box 46 \n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53 \n31. McDowell, box 54 \n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57 \n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58 \n34. Pendleton, box 59 \n35. Pleasants, box 59 \n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64 \n37. Preston, box 65 \n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67 \n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70 \n40. Randolph, box 71 \n41. Ritchie, box 71 \n42. Roane, box 71 \n43. Summers, boxes 72-75 \n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77 \n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80 \n46. Tyler, box 80 \n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81 \n48. Wayne, box 81 \n49. Webster, boxes 81-83 \n50. Wetzel, box 83 \n51. Wirt, box 83 \n52. Wood, boxes 84-86 \n53. Wyoming, box 86","Each county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:","1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.","2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.","3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.","4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.","5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.","6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).","7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.","8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.","9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.","10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.","11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.","12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.","13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.","14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.","15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.","16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.","17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.","18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.","Notable items in the County Series include:","information regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);","a narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);","research regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);","a transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);","several photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);","photographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);","several copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);","and information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).","Includes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.","General Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.","Notable items in the General Material Series include:","a transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);","several transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);","three original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).","This series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.","Notable items in the Folklore Series include:","remedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);","lockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);","a narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).","This series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.","There are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:","1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);","2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);","3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);","4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).","There are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).","Other notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:","a transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);","an original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);","a narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);","original and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).","The Fact Book series contains:","1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103","The materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.","1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.","Notable items in Fact Book--General include:","typescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);","a typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).","2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.","Notable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:","several transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);","transcripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";","newspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);","article entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);","transcripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);","interviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);","transcript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).","Includes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","Additional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.","Notable items in the Writers' Project series include:","information pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);","historical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);","transcripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);","transcripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);","transcript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).","Includes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0454","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2760"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"collection_ssim":["Writers' Program in West Virginia Records"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["West Virginia"],"geogname_ssim":["West Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Federal Writers' Project"],"creator_ssim":["Federal Writers' Project"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Federal Writers' Project"],"creators_ssim":["Federal Writers' Project"],"places_ssim":["West Virginia"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["45.6 Linear Feet 45 ft. 7 in. (109 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 2 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["45.6 Linear Feet 45 ft. 7 in. (109 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 flat storage box, 2 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Writers Project was created in 1935 as part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA). Its purpose was to provide employment for historians, teachers, librarians, writers, and others with qualified skills. The field of assignment for those hired was usually confined to the locality of a writer's residence, although some assignments were for statewide subjects.","The objective of the project was to produce a series of sectional guide books under the name \"The American Guide\" focusing on the history, geography, and cultural and economic resources of the United States. Other topics of interest developed, however, and were added to the Project, such as urban and rural folklore, first person narratives or life histories, studies of the cultures of ethnic groups, and authentic narratives of ex-slaves.","The Writers Project became a casualty of World War II. The monies needed to meet the demands for defense were drained from the Writers Project, ending the program in 1942."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003earchives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Legacy Formats"],"odd_tesim":["archives and manuscripts; pamphlets; photographs / postcards / prints / etc."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, A\u0026amp;M 0454, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Writers' Program in West Virginia Records, A\u0026M 0454, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e183, 454, 527\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["183, 454, 527"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are six series in the collection:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePublished material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlthough most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eItems of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026amp;M 183):\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Barbour, boxes 1-4\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n3. Boone, box 5\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n5. Brooke, box 7\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n7. Calhoun, box 10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n8. Clay, box 10\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n12. Grant, box 20\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026amp;M 183)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n16. Hancock, box 24\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n17. Harrison, box 24\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n18. Jackson, box 25\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n21. Lewis, box 29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n22. Lincoln, box 29\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n23. Logan, box 30\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n24. Marion, box 30\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n25. Marshall, box 31\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n26. Mason, boxes 31-36\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026amp;M 183)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n29. Monongalia, box 46\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n31. McDowell, box 54\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n34. Pendleton, box 59\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n35. Pleasants, box 59\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n37. Preston, box 65\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n40. Randolph, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n41. Ritchie, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n42. Roane, box 71\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n43. Summers, boxes 72-75\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n46. Tyler, box 80\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n48. Wayne, box 81\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n49. Webster, boxes 81-83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n50. Wetzel, box 83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n51. Wirt, box 83\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n52. Wood, boxes 84-86\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n53. Wyoming, box 86\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEach county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the County Series include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003einformation regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eresearch regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eseveral photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ephotographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eseveral copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eand information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the General Material Series include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eseveral transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ethree original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the Folklore Series include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eremedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003elockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eomens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eomens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ean original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eoriginal and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Fact Book series contains:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in Fact Book--General include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003etypescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ea typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eseveral transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003enewspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003earticle entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003einterviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003etranscript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026amp;M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotable items in the Writers' Project series include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003einformation pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehistorical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003etranscripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003etranscript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers created by the Writers' Program in West Virginia (ca. 1935-1942), a part of the Federal Works Progress Administration (WPA).  For more information regarding this Program, please see the Biographical / Historical Note.","The Writers' Program collection is arranged into series established on the basis of topics. This topical arrangement simply emerged from the documentation resulting from the subject-based research assignments delegated to the writers.","There are six series in the collection:","Series 1. Counties, Boxes 1-86 \nSeries 2. General Material, Boxes 87-89 \nSeries 3. Folklore by County, Boxes 89-91 \nSeries 4. Harpers Ferry, Boxes 92-93 \nSeries 5. Fact Book, Boxes 93-103 \nSeries 6. Writers Project, Boxes 103-108 \nSeries 7. Oversize, Box 109","The Counties series, the largest series in the collection, includes material focused on the following topics:  natural setting, points of interest, places and place names, early life and occupations, the people, history, Civil War history, biographical sketches, transportation and communication, commerce and industry, cultural and social advances, county government, education, religion, annual events, permanent organizations, and folklore.  Other series in the collection cover many additional topics.","The sources accessed by the writers for their research include: interviews and eyewitness accounts, court records, governmental records, church and cemetery records, family records, and school records. The personnel of local historical societies, educational institutions, governmental agencies, and community organizations were consulted for information as well. In some cases the personal memories and observations of the writers were used as source material. Much of the material in the collection includes cover sheets that indicate sources. The resulting quantity and quality of research and writing varies within the collection.","Published material consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes: newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, pamphlets, booklets, high school yearbooks, surveys, business and industry statistics, textbooks, blue books, encyclopedias, and atlases.","Unpublished material, or archives and manuscripts, consulted and transcribed by the Writers' Program includes letters, telegrams, diaries, photographs, transcripts of interviews, and narratives.","Although most material consists of transcriptions, some original documents can be found in the collection as well, both published and unpublished.","Items of special interest include originals and transcripts of letters from the Civil War period in the General Material series. The Harpers Ferry series includes several firsthand accounts regarding the Ferry's rich history, including John Brown's 1859 raid and the Civil War.","The West Virginia County series includes records for 53 of the state's 55 counties, excluding Mineral and Morgan Counties (Mineral County records are in A\u0026M 183):","1. Barbour, boxes 1-4 \n2. Berkeley, boxes 4-5 \n3. Boone, box 5 \n4. Braxton, boxes 6-7 \n5. Brooke, box 7 \n6. Cabell, boxes 7-10 \n7. Calhoun, box 10 \n8. Clay, box 10 \n9. Doddridge, boxes 10-14 \n10. Fayette, boxes 14-16 \n11. Gilmer, boxes 16-20 \n12. Grant, box 20 \n13. Greenbrier, boxes 21-22 \n14. Hardy, boxes 22-23 \n15. Hampshire, box 23 (see also A\u0026M 183) \n16. Hancock, box 24 \n17. Harrison, box 24 \n18. Jackson, box 25 \n19. Jefferson, boxes 25-27 \n20. Kanawha, boxes 28-29 \n21. Lewis, box 29 \n22. Lincoln, box 29 \n23. Logan, box 30 \n24. Marion, box 30 \n25. Marshall, box 31 \n26. Mason, boxes 31-36 \n27. Mercer, boxes 37-42 \nxx. Mineral (in A\u0026M 183) \n28. Mingo, boxes 43-45 \n29. Monongalia, box 46 \n30. Monroe, boxes 47-53 \n31. McDowell, box 54 \n32. Nicholas, boxes 55-57 \n33. Ohio, boxes 57-58 \n34. Pendleton, box 59 \n35. Pleasants, box 59 \n36. Pocahontas, boxes 60-64 \n37. Preston, box 65 \n38. Putnam, boxes 65-67 \n39. Raleigh, boxes 68-70 \n40. Randolph, box 71 \n41. Ritchie, box 71 \n42. Roane, box 71 \n43. Summers, boxes 72-75 \n44. Taylor, boxes 76-77 \n45. Tucker, boxes 78-80 \n46. Tyler, box 80 \n47. Upshur, boxes 80-81 \n48. Wayne, box 81 \n49. Webster, boxes 81-83 \n50. Wetzel, box 83 \n51. Wirt, box 83 \n52. Wood, boxes 84-86 \n53. Wyoming, box 86","Each county in Series 1 contains records documenting some or all of the following 18 topics:","1. Natural Setting. Includes: photographs, clippings, recordings of personal observations, interviews, geological surveys, information from county government nurseries, and the West Virginia Blue book, describing the topography, wild life, terrain, and botanical characteristics of counties.","2. Points of Interest. Includes: narratives and research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, clippings, photographs, maps, and magazine articles regarding subjects deemed to have special significance in the counties such as historic houses, businesses, parks, public buildings, markers, forts, memorials, Native American burial mounds, and battlefields.","3. Places and Places Names. Includes: clippings, narratives, statistics, and histories regarding the naming of cities, towns, communities, and geographic features in the counties.","4. Early Life and Occupations. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, narratives, oral histories, photographs, and illustrations documenting the lives of the first white settlers. Most occupations focused on survival and involved farming, hunting, and fur trading. There are also several narratives recording the relationships between the settlers and the Native Americans.","5. The People. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, census records, and magazine articles among other materials, regarding the diversity and ancestry of past and present residents in the counties, including documentation of their races, nationalities, religions, and cultures.","6. History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, muster lists, poll records, oral histories, photographs, clippings, maps, and archeological information regarding the history of the counties, usually beginning with the \"aborigines\" or native inhabitants, the first European settlers, and the relationships between the two cultures, including conflicts; and establishment of county governments and commerce under colonial rule, and later as part of an independent nation. There is also information pertaining to local citizen involvement in battles and wars such as The French and Indian War (1755-1763), Dunmore's War (1774), The American Revolution (1775-1783), The War of 1812 (1812-1814), The Mexican-American War (1846-48), The Spanish -American War (1898), and The First World War (1917-1918).","7. Civil War History. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, muster rolls, causality lists, correspondence, interviews, personal memoirs, photographs, songs, and poems pertaining to the involvement of county residents, both Union and Confederate, in the \"War Between the States\", including accounts of battles, skirmishes, and related events, mostly in the West Virginia and Virginia region.","8. Biographical Sketches. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, clippings, narratives, and photographs regarding notable citizens of the counties.","9. Transportation and Communication. Includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers Program staff, photographs, surveys, maps, clippings, schedules, statistical charts, transcripts of court records, deeds, and contracts recording the history and development of transportation infrastructure, including roadways, bridges, railroads, waterways, and airfields in the counties, including the introduction of new modes of transportation. There is also information regarding the history and progress of communication technology such as the pony express mail delivery, the telegraph, telephones, radio, airmail delivery, and newspapers.","10. Commerce and Industry. Includes: photographs, clippings, ephemera, statistics, geological surveys, transcripts of mine reports, and biographies of entrepreneurs regarding the major industries of the counties such as mining, oil and natural gas drilling, and the processing and transportation of coal and timber. There are also histories of once successful enterprises, including grain and lumber mills, iron ore producers, glass factories, and potteries.","11. Cultural and Social Advances. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazines articles, correspondence, ephemera, and narratives regarding museums, literary activities and libraries, the arts and theater, medical and health resources, and benevolent organizations.","12. County Government. Includes: memoirs, historical narratives, and other material regarding the formation of the counties and their governments; the location of courthouses; the establishment of laws and statutes, law enforcement, and a judicial system; and New Deal infrastructure projects. There are also transcripts of census records, and of court records such as taxes, wills, deeds, and election results.","13. Education. Includes: research reports and narratives collected and prepared by Writers' Program staff, newspaper clippings, class schedules, school enrollments, records of Boards of Education, and photographs regarding the histories, curriculums, facilities, and faculties of county public (\"free\") grade schools, high schools, private and parochial schools, trade schools, colleges, and West Virginia University. In addition there is information pertaining to several \"Negro\" or segregated schools and colleges.","14. Religion. Includes: narratives, research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff; photographs; correspondence; ephemera; and transcripts of church, court, and cemetery records. The bulk of the information pertains to the history of individual Christian churches, regional circuit riders, local clergy, denominations, church buildings, and church schools. There is also material regarding the local African-American churches such as the A.M.E. (the African Methodist Episcopal) church.","15. Annual Events. Includes: newspaper clippings, magazine articles, narratives, calendars, photographs, and ephemera documenting yearly festivals, fairs, contests, parades, jubilees, concerts, and galas among other traditional celebrations in the counties.","16. Permanent Organizations. Includes: narratives, newspaper clippings, and directories documenting clubs, charity groups, councils, associations, societies, lodges and other assemblages such as county historical societies, 4-H clubs, Daughters of the American Revolution, Kiwanis, the Rotary Club, YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, and the Red Cross.","17. Correspondence. Includes: letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and assignment sheets with notes and comments recording communications between Writers' Program supervisors, writers, public officials, and local citizens.","18. Folklore. Includes: transcripts of stories and interviews, newspaper and magazines articles, autograph and scrapbook verses, remedies, recipes, song lyrics, and square dance calls, among other materials. The information documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions, and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, omens, and superstitions.","Notable items in the County Series include:","information regarding Native American burial grounds and artifacts (located in Marshall County, box 31, folders 5 and 6);","a narrative explaining how the dispute over the location of the courthouse in Beverly was settled with a game of horseshoes (located in Randolph County, box 71, folder 3);","research regarding the history of transportation along the Ohio River and its tributaries, including the modes used by Native Americans and early European traders, and Ohio River lock schedules and shipping records for 1926-1936 (located in Mason County, box 33, folders 5 and 8);","a transcript of a 1776 \"Petition of the Dissenters of the Tuscarora Congregation in Berkeley County\" addressed to the \"House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Virginia\" regarding the recent \"deliverance from British oppression\" and a request to suspend the Ecclesiastic Establishment (located in box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of several diary entries, 1861/April to 1864/July, authored by Sue N. Riddle, a parishioner of the Presbyterian Church at Martinsburg regarding local Civil War battles, army occupations, involvement of churches in the area, destruction of property, and the arrest of local resident Andrew Hunter (the prosecutor in John Brown's trail) by the Federal Army (located in Berkeley County, box 4, folder 6);","a transcript of an eyewitness account pertaining to the formation of the Monroe Guard (Company D, 27th Virginia, Stonewall Brigade), and a transcript of a letter from Lieutenant John Tiffany of the Monroe Guard to his parents in Monroe County, West Virginia, describing the Battle of Chancellorsville (Tiffany was killed seven weeks later at Gettysburg) (located in Monroe County, box 50, folder 3);","several photographs of industrial sites and workers in southern West Virginia, ca. 1890-1930 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 2);","photographs documenting railroad structures, workers, trains, and passenger travel, ca. 1888-1940 (located in Mercer County, box 40, folder 7);","several copies of \"The White Sulphur Springs Echo\" and the \"Lee Week Herald\", ca. 1932-1937, recording events celebrating Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his three post-war holidays at White Sulphur Springs, 1867-1869, including facsimiles of original newsletters from ca. 1870s (located in Greenbrier County, box 22, folder 3);","and information regarding colonial pottery and artisans, such as \"Master\" Foulke and his apprentice, John Thompson (samples of their unique works and tools are in the Smithsonian Museum) (located in Monongalia County, box 46, folder 9).","Includes two original manuscript drafts that were submitted with the editors' comments for Chapter 4: The People, of The History of Monroe County.","General Material includes information related to West Virginia culture such as music, folklore, history, literature, education, artisans, and points of interest. There are also photographs and information regarding Smoke Hole in Pendleton County, and narratives pertaining to \"old characters\" of West Virginia, some of which were published in \"Mountain State Tintype\", a Writers' Program collaboration. The materials in this series include: correspondence, transcripts of court records, transcripts of interviews, poems, songs, newspaper clippings, manuscripts, narratives, editorial essays, and publications.","Notable items in the General Material Series include:","a transcript of Colonel (rank of Captain at the time) Charles Lewis' journal entries of 1756/October-November, recording a march of the Virginia Rangers with Colonel George Washington to the Patterson Creek Valley (now Mineral County), an area heavily attacked by native Americans during the French and Indian War (located in box 87, folder 8);","several transcripts of Civil War letters from both Confederate and Union soldiers involved in numerous battles of the war (some letters also broke the news to families of the wounding and death of loved ones involved in the battles) (located in box 87, folder 8);","three original letters, including an 1861 love letter, an 1861 letter authored by make-up artist and mimic Shannon Butcher, and an 1865 letter from Confederate prisoner of war Stephen Points Jr. in Fort Delaware to Miss Artie Pribble of Wirt County (located in box 88, folder 8).","This series documents West Virginia's local cultures, traditions and lore handed down through generations such as ghost stories, legends of local heroes, treatment for physical ailments, \"tokens\" or omens, war songs, love songs and hymns, memory book verses and tombstone inscriptions, and games (including \"Go to the Mill\" and \"Steal Partners\", played during social gatherings such as \"Molasses Boilin's\" and \"Apple Cutting\" parties). The materials in this series include: transcripts of interviews, narratives, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, poems, remedies, recipes, lyrics of songs and ballads, square dance calls, games, omens and superstitions, and seasonal customs.","Notable items in the Folklore Series include:","remedy for sore and sprained muscles (\"apply coal oil, with a chicken feather, no other kind of feather would do, on affected parts\") (located in box 90, folder 2);","lockjaw prevention (\"if anyone has a puncture wound from a nail, grease the nail and carry it in their pocket until healed, they will never have lockjaw\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"combings of hair carefully burned lest some bird finds it and builds it into its nest, in which event the person from whose head the hair came would suffer with headache until the fledglings left the nest\") (located in box 91, folder 5);","omens and superstitions (\"take a hoe or spade into the house and a member of the family will die within the year; trim your toenails on Good Friday and you will not have toothache\") (located in box 91, folder 6);","a narrative regarding traditional gatherings called \"workings\", usually involving an act of \"neighborliness\" by the surrounding neighbors helping each other with such tasks as barn raising, harvesting, quilting, and \"putting up\" food for storage (located in box 91, folder 9).","This series documents historical events such as John Brown's raid, Civil War battles and skirmishes, and the harassment and arrests of local citizens by occupying armies. There are also items regarding the striking geographical setting of the Harpers Ferry area and its culture. The materials in the series include: narratives, letters, eyewitness accounts, newspaper clippings, poems, and research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' program staff.","There are several narratives written by Jennie Chambers (ca. 1845-1907) recording events involving Jennie and her family, who lived on Bolivar Heights above Harpers Ferry. These include Jennie's firsthand accounts of:","1. John Brown's raid (located in box 92, folders 5a and 5c, including photocopies of Jennie Chamber's full account as printed in Harper's Monthly, 1902; folders 6a-photocopy and 6c-original newspaper clipping relating an excerpt of Jennie's story);","2. the seizing of the United States Armory by the Virginia militia after the State's secession, and her father's arrest for refusing to yield the armory to the rebels (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, 9c-original document);","3. a heroic episode in 1861 when Jennie, running before the enemy, warned Union pickets of approaching Confederate cavalry (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document);","4. Jennie's description of the frightening experience of hiding with her family in their cellar in the midst of the shelling by Stonewall Jackson's artillery during the September 15, 1862 attack, and her amazement of the soldiers' conduct after the Federal surrender (located in box 92, folders 9a-photocopy, 9b-transcript, and 9c-original document).","There are also records documenting events before and after the Civil War, such as a transcript of an 1847 letter from William Shipman of Jefferson County, a United States Army soldier fighting in the Mexican War, regarding the orders from Washington to split up Zachary Taylor's Army (located in box 92, folders 2a-photocopy, and 2b-transcript).","Other notable items in the Harpers Ferry series include:","a transcript of a 1914 interview with John Thomas Allstadt, who was taken hostage by John Brown's raiders in 1859 (Allstadt, 18 years old at the time, was held with his father and others as hostages in the engine house at Harpers Ferry. His eyewitness account of the two day ordeal includes descriptions of the Marines charging the engine house and the capture of John Brown.) (located in box 92, folders 6a-photocopies, 6b-transcripts, and 6c-original clipping);","an original 1895 letter from Kate Field to Mrs. Lightner regarding Miss Field's choice of the property on Bolivar Heights for the relocation of John Brown's Fort (The fort had been targeted for demolition after being on exhibit at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, and Kate Field raised both public awareness and funds to rescue the fort.) (located in box 92, folders 8a- photocopy and transcript, 8b-original);","a narrative relating the last minute reprieve of three Union deserters as they faced a firing squad on Camp Hill, Harpers Ferry (located in box 92, folders 10a-photocopy, 10b-transcript, 10c-original document);","original and transcripts of letters regarding three brothers, Samuel, Collin and Charles Noland, all Confederate soldiers (Two brothers were POWs at Fort Delaware and one brother was mortally wounded soon after writing to his mother from camp on 20 September 1863.) (located in box 92, folders 11a-photocopies, 11b-transcripts, and 11c-original).","The Fact Book series contains:","1. Fact Book--General, boxes 93-98\n2. Fact Book--Manuscript of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\", boxes 99-100\n3. Fact Book--African-Americans, boxes 100-103","The materials in this series includes: research reports collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff, narratives, inventories, geological studies, transcripts of government reports and records, correspondence, maps, magazine articles, illustrations, bibliographies, statistics, ephemera, graphs, clippings, bibliographies, manuscripts, newsletters, transcripts of court records, newspaper articles, editorials, and interviews.","1. \"Fact Book--General\" includes material regarding several topics that are also listed in the Counties series, however this material relates to the State. There is also information pertaining to agriculture, architecture, sports and recreation, coal, labor and miners, federal and state government, courts, public health and other services, Revolutionary War records, West Virginia authors, Greeks and Lithuanians in West Virginia, covered bridges, geology and geography, and newspapers published in West Virginia.","Notable items in Fact Book--General include:","typescripts of the 1795-1800 Kentucky and Virginia boundary line settlement, and excerpts from 1870 United States Supreme Court Reports regarding the transfer of Jefferson and Berkeley Counties from Virginia to West Virginia (located in box 95, folder 1);","a typescript of the 1919 report from a commission appointed by West Virginia Governor Cornwell regarding the charges by coal miners against coal operators (the coal operators were accused of employing armed guards and posting them in the Guyan field of Logan County to physically assault and intimidate miners) (located in box 95, folder 6).","2. \"Fact Book--Manuscript\" includes a set of typescripts for \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","3. \"Factbook--African-Americans\" contains materials from ca. 1815-1942 documenting African-Americans in West Virginia, including records regarding slavery, abolition, and antebellum laws. There are also biographies of several prominent individuals, and information regarding educational institutions, organizations, and rural life.","Notable materials in Fact Book--African-Americans include:","several transcripts of county court records regarding slavery, such as wills claiming slaves as chattel (for delivery to a new owner \"forever\"), declarations of emancipation, bills of sale for slaves, records regarding the use of slaves as payment to settle debts, and indictments of \"free negroes\" on various charges (many of whom were charged with remaining in the Commonwealth of Virginia after manumission);","transcripts of articles and editorials, ca. 1814-1860, from western Virginia newspapers addressing several issues regarding slavery such as expansion into the territories of the western United States, abolition of slavery, treatment of freemen, and reactions to Harriet Beecher Stowe's \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\";","newspaper article regarding an attempt by slave traders to kidnap a free African-American in Wellsville, reported 1858/7/17 in The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer (located in box 100, folder 3);","article entitled \"Slave Trade Horrors\" reporting the capture by authorities of a slave trade vessel off the Virginia coast (out of 120 slaves on board all but two were age eleven or younger) reported 1841/12/4 in The Kanawha Republican (located in box 100, folder 3);","transcripts of newspaper articles and editorials from western Virginia newspapers regarding John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry, the raiders' trials, their executions, and the reactions of Virginians, the deep south, and northern states (located in box 100, folder 4 and box 103, folder 1);","interviews, narratives, and research reports regarding successful and prominent African-Americans in West Virginia (ca. 1900-1942) such as John Warren Davis, President of West Virginia State College (located in box 100, folder 5);","transcript of the Virginia Court of Appeals decision regarding a challenge to a deceased slave-owner's Will (The Will declared his slaves were to be allowed to choose either freedom or to remain enslaved to a new master. The court ruled against the last request of the deceased and in favor of the executor of the Will, claiming the African-Americans were not capable of making such a decision and therefore were to stay in bondage.) (located in box 100, folder 8).","Includes records related to publication of \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\". Includes correspondence, narratives, research reports, and forms collected and prepared by the Writers' Program staff. Correspondence is between federal and state offices of the Writers Program, government officials, local chambers of commerce, national and state publications and newspapers, prominent historian Dr. Roy Bird Cook (located in box 104, folder 6), and West Virginia University professors such as Louis Chappell and Maurice Brooks, among others (located in box 104, folders 1-5). Several of the narratives are in a traveling tour format, recording directions, locations, and information pertaining to points of interest throughout the state. There are also drafts, final manuscripts, and galleys for \"A Guide to the Mountain State\". Also includes magazine articles, newspaper clippings, statistics, chemical analyses, photographs, manuscripts, and illustrations related to publication of the \"West Virginia, A Guide to the Mountain State\".","Additional administrative records for the Writers' Program in West Virginia can be found in A\u0026M 527, West Virginia University, WPA Writers Project, Records, at this repository.","Notable items in the Writers' Project series include:","information pertaining to mineral springs such as White Sulphur Springs, Salt Springs, Capon Springs, and Old Sweet Springs, among others (located in box 103, folder 4);","historical narratives regarding the first telephone service in West Virginia, and the introduction of the first night-train travel service by Henry G. Davis (both items located in box 103, folder 9);","transcripts of correspondence (1747-1754) between The Board of Trade and Plantations and the Royal Governors of the Colony Of Virginia regarding French encroachment and Indian attacks in the English colony's territory, including a 1754 letter from Governor Dinwiddie reporting \"Mr. Washington's\" observations during his recent expedition to the western Virginia territory (located in box 104, folder 9);","transcripts of excerpts from the 1743-1748 journals of Moravian missionaries Leonard Schnell, Robert Hussey, Matthias Gottschalk, Joseph Spangenberg, and Matthew Reutz during their travels through northwestern Virginia (Patterson Creek and South Branch) down the Shenandoah Valley to Georgia, recording their observations of the wilderness and reactions to their ministries (located in box 104, folder 11);","transcript of a proclamation from Virginia's Royal Lt. Governor Gooch, warning settlers that \"... Itinerant Preachers have...crept into this Colony...those corrupters of our Faith and true religion to propagate their shocking doctrines...\" (located in box 104, folder 11).","Includes oversize material transferred from other record series. Includes: publications related to Greenbrier County and White Sulphur Springs transferred from box 22, folder 3."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_7db7750c7837e29de89890c5fd27d017\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Federal Writers' Project","Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of West Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1214,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:39:45.499Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2760"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"West Virginia and Regional History Center","value":"West Virginia and Regional History Center","hits":10},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=West+Virginia+and+Regional+History+Center"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"American Missionary Society Papers","value":"American Missionary Society Papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=American+Missionary+Society+Papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Brown Family Papers, Photographs and Maps","value":"Brown Family Papers, Photographs and Maps","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Brown+Family+Papers%2C+Photographs+and+Maps\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"First Baptist Church of Parkersburg Records","value":"First Baptist Church of Parkersburg Records","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=First+Baptist+Church+of+Parkersburg+Records\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Gibson Lamb Cranmer Papers regarding Statehood and Other Material","value":"Gibson Lamb Cranmer Papers regarding Statehood and Other Material","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Gibson+Lamb+Cranmer+Papers+regarding+Statehood+and+Other+Material\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Henry Ruffner (1790-1861) and William Henry (1824-1908) Papers","value":"Henry Ruffner (1790-1861) and William Henry (1824-1908) Papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Henry+Ruffner+%281790-1861%29+and+William+Henry+%281824-1908%29+Papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Major W. P. Tams, Jr. Transcript of an Interview","value":"Major W. P. Tams, Jr. Transcript of an Interview","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Major+W.+P.+Tams%2C+Jr.+Transcript+of+an+Interview\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Marshall County Archives","value":"Marshall County Archives","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Marshall+County+Archives\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Monroe County Archives","value":"Monroe County Archives","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Monroe+County+Archives\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Pittenger Family Letters","value":"Pittenger Family Letters","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Pittenger+Family+Letters\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Writers' Program in West Virginia Records","value":"Writers' Program in West Virginia Records","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Writers%27+Program+in+West+Virginia+Records\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/collection_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"type":"facet","id":"date_range_isim","attributes":{"label":"Date range","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"1765","value":"1765","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1765\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1766","value":"1766","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1766\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1767","value":"1767","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1767\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1768","value":"1768","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1768\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1769","value":"1769","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1769\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1770","value":"1770","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1770\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1771","value":"1771","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1771\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1772","value":"1772","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1772\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1773","value":"1773","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1773\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1774","value":"1774","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1774\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1775","value":"1775","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1775\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/date_range_isim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"type":"facet","id":"creator_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Creator","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"American Missionary Society","value":"American Missionary Society","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=American+Missionary+Society\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Brown family","value":"Brown family","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Brown+family\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Federal Writers' Project","value":"Federal Writers' Project","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Federal+Writers%27+Project\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"First Baptist Church, Parkersburg","value":"First Baptist Church, Parkersburg","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=First+Baptist+Church%2C+Parkersburg\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Marshall County Court","value":"Marshall County Court","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Marshall+County+Court\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Monroe County Court","value":"Monroe County Court","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Monroe+County+Court\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Pittenger family","value":"Pittenger family","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Pittenger+family\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977","value":"Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Tams%2C+W.+P.%2C+Jr.+%28William+Purviance%29%2C+1883-1977\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/creator_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"type":"facet","id":"names_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Names","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Ambler, Charles Henry,  1876-1957","value":"Ambler, Charles Henry,  1876-1957","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Ambler%2C+Charles+Henry%2C++1876-1957"}},{"attributes":{"label":"American Colonization Society","value":"American Colonization Society","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=American+Colonization+Society"}},{"attributes":{"label":"American Missionary Society","value":"American Missionary Society","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=American+Missionary+Society"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Armstrong, Ned.","value":"Armstrong, Ned.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Armstrong%2C+Ned."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Aten, William.","value":"Aten, William.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Aten%2C+William."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Baldwin-Felts Detective Inc.","value":"Baldwin-Felts Detective Inc.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Baldwin-Felts+Detective+Inc."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bannister family","value":"Bannister family","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Bannister+family"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Basil, Ben.","value":"Basil, Ben.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Basil%2C+Ben."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Beaver Coal Company","value":"Beaver Coal Company","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Beaver+Coal+Company"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Berwind, E.J.","value":"Berwind, E.J.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Berwind%2C+E.J."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Beury, Joe.","value":"Beury, Joe.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Beury%2C+Joe."}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/names_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"type":"facet","id":"geogname_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Places","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alabama","value":"Alabama","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Alabama"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Atwater.","value":"Atwater.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Atwater."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Barbour County (W. Va.)","value":"Barbour County (W. Va.)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Barbour+County+%28W.+Va.%29"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Canada","value":"Canada","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Canada"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Chambless","value":"Chambless","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Chambless"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Greenbrier County (W. Va.)","value":"Greenbrier County (W. Va.)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Greenbrier+County+%28W.+Va.%29"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Hancock County (W. Va.)","value":"Hancock County (W. Va.)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Hancock+County+%28W.+Va.%29"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Illinois","value":"Illinois","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Illinois"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Jackson County (W. Va.)","value":"Jackson County (W. Va.)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Jackson+County+%28W.+Va.%29"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Kanawha County (W. Va.)","value":"Kanawha County (W. Va.)","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Kanawha+County+%28W.+Va.%29"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Kanawha Valley.","value":"Kanawha Valley.","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Kanawha+Valley."}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/geogname_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"type":"facet","id":"access_subjects_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Subjects","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Abolition of slavery","value":"Abolition of slavery","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Abolition+of+slavery\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Account books","value":"Account books","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Account+books\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Aeronautics","value":"Aeronautics","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Aeronautics\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","value":"African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans++--+History+--+Miscellanea\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","value":"African Americans  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans++--+West+Virginia+--+Monongalia+County\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"African Americans - Schools for Freedmen.","value":"African Americans - Schools for Freedmen.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+-+Schools+for+Freedmen.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","value":"African Americans -- Segregation -- West Virginia","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+Segregation+--+West+Virginia\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","value":"African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","hits":10},"links":{"remove":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Authors -- Letters and papers","value":"Authors -- Letters and papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Authors+--+Letters+and+papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Baptists","value":"Baptists","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Baptists\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bridges","value":"Bridges","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Bridges\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/access_subjects_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"type":"facet","id":"level_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Level","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Collection","value":"Collection","hits":10},"links":{"remove":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/level_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"all_fields","attributes":{"label":"All Fields"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"keyword","attributes":{"label":"Keyword"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=keyword"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"name","attributes":{"label":"Name"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=name"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"place","attributes":{"label":"Place"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=place"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"subject","attributes":{"label":"Subject"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=subject"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"title","attributes":{"label":"Title"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=title"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"container","attributes":{"label":"Container"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=container"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"identifier","attributes":{"label":"Identifier"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=identifier"}},{"type":"sort","id":"score desc, title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"relevance"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026sort=score+desc%2C+title_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"date (ascending)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026sort=date_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"date (descending)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026sort=date_sort+desc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"creator (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026sort=creator_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"creator (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026sort=creator_sort+desc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"title (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026sort=title_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"title (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African-Americans.+SEE+ALSO+Coal+miners+-+African+Americans.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026sort=title_sort+desc"}}]}