{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+Virginia\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026view=compact","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+Virginia\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026page=2\u0026view=compact","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+Virginia\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026page=2\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":2,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":12,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1830","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"African Americans in rural Virginia photographs","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1830#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Max Rambod","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1830#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains twenty black and white photographs, approximately 9 x 7 inches, depicting African American life, presumably in a segregated area in rural Virginia. The pictures have no annotations on the back, and the photographer is unknown. The location is also unclear; however, it may be somewhere near or in Fauquier County, Virginia. This location possibility is based on a photograph that depicts several storefronts, including a beauty salon which has two names painted on the window, Green \u0026amp; [ ] Beauty Salon. Juline Turner and Helen Blackwell, are presumably the proprietors of the salon. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1830#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1830","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1830","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1830","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1830","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1830.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/230530","title_filing_ssi":"African Americans in rural Virginia photographs","title_ssm":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs"],"title_tesim":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["C. 1940s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["C. 1940s"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16923","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1830"],"text":["MSS 16923","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1830","African Americans in rural Virginia photographs","Virginia -- History -- 20th century","African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Virginia","photographs","This collection is open for research.","This collection contains twenty black and white photographs, approximately 9 x 7 inches, depicting African American life, presumably in a segregated area in rural Virginia. The pictures have no annotations on the back, and the photographer is unknown. The location is also unclear; however, it may be somewhere near or in Fauquier County, Virginia. This location possibility is based on a photograph that depicts several storefronts, including a beauty salon which has two names painted on the window, Green \u0026 [  ] Beauty Salon. Juline Turner and Helen Blackwell, are presumably the proprietors of the salon. ","Genealogy research uncovered a birth certificate for Juline Turner's daughter, Katie Ross, born in 1917. The birth certificate notes that Juline was twenty years old, indicating her birth year to be 1897, and that she was born in Fauquier County, Virginia. ","The pictures depict a Black, rural neighborhood that includes pick-up trucks, overalls and work boots, humble dwellings, and vegetation. One photograph depicts a main street of the town, which includes telephone poles and a few businesses, including a small convenience store with signs of Coca Cola, Pepsi, Camel cigarettes, Model \"sporting tobacco\" (a brand native to Virginia), and other daily necessities. ","Other photographs depict several Black people standing or seated with family members in front of wooden homes. There are photographs of children playing games, including a young boy with a holstered toy revolver on his hip, kids playing stickball, and standing on railroad tracks. The photographs also show men, women, and children performing household chores, including cleaning and hanging up the laundry to dry, making meals for the family, and one photograph shows a father in work clothes, dishing out a meal for himself and his three young children. Another photograph depicts an older man showing his cellar and a cistern. Many of the homes have elevated porches in many of the dwellings along the main street. Two photographs show a white man in a suit who strikes up a conversation with the residents of the town, including a mother on her front porch and a young man along the main street.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16923","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1830"],"normalized_title_ssm":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs"],"collection_title_tesim":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs"],"collection_ssim":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creators_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from Max Rambod to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 10 July 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Virginia","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Virginia","photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"genreform_ssim":["photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16923, African Americans in rural Virginia photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16923, African Americans in rural Virginia photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains twenty black and white photographs, approximately 9 x 7 inches, depicting African American life, presumably in a segregated area in rural Virginia. The pictures have no annotations on the back, and the photographer is unknown. The location is also unclear; however, it may be somewhere near or in Fauquier County, Virginia. This location possibility is based on a photograph that depicts several storefronts, including a beauty salon which has two names painted on the window, Green \u0026amp; [  ] Beauty Salon. Juline Turner and Helen Blackwell, are presumably the proprietors of the salon. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGenealogy research uncovered a birth certificate for Juline Turner's daughter, Katie Ross, born in 1917. The birth certificate notes that Juline was twenty years old, indicating her birth year to be 1897, and that she was born in Fauquier County, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe pictures depict a Black, rural neighborhood that includes pick-up trucks, overalls and work boots, humble dwellings, and vegetation. One photograph depicts a main street of the town, which includes telephone poles and a few businesses, including a small convenience store with signs of Coca Cola, Pepsi, Camel cigarettes, Model \"sporting tobacco\" (a brand native to Virginia), and other daily necessities. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther photographs depict several Black people standing or seated with family members in front of wooden homes. There are photographs of children playing games, including a young boy with a holstered toy revolver on his hip, kids playing stickball, and standing on railroad tracks. The photographs also show men, women, and children performing household chores, including cleaning and hanging up the laundry to dry, making meals for the family, and one photograph shows a father in work clothes, dishing out a meal for himself and his three young children. Another photograph depicts an older man showing his cellar and a cistern. Many of the homes have elevated porches in many of the dwellings along the main street. Two photographs show a white man in a suit who strikes up a conversation with the residents of the town, including a mother on her front porch and a young man along the main street.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains twenty black and white photographs, approximately 9 x 7 inches, depicting African American life, presumably in a segregated area in rural Virginia. The pictures have no annotations on the back, and the photographer is unknown. The location is also unclear; however, it may be somewhere near or in Fauquier County, Virginia. This location possibility is based on a photograph that depicts several storefronts, including a beauty salon which has two names painted on the window, Green \u0026 [  ] Beauty Salon. Juline Turner and Helen Blackwell, are presumably the proprietors of the salon. ","Genealogy research uncovered a birth certificate for Juline Turner's daughter, Katie Ross, born in 1917. The birth certificate notes that Juline was twenty years old, indicating her birth year to be 1897, and that she was born in Fauquier County, Virginia. ","The pictures depict a Black, rural neighborhood that includes pick-up trucks, overalls and work boots, humble dwellings, and vegetation. One photograph depicts a main street of the town, which includes telephone poles and a few businesses, including a small convenience store with signs of Coca Cola, Pepsi, Camel cigarettes, Model \"sporting tobacco\" (a brand native to Virginia), and other daily necessities. ","Other photographs depict several Black people standing or seated with family members in front of wooden homes. There are photographs of children playing games, including a young boy with a holstered toy revolver on his hip, kids playing stickball, and standing on railroad tracks. The photographs also show men, women, and children performing household chores, including cleaning and hanging up the laundry to dry, making meals for the family, and one photograph shows a father in work clothes, dishing out a meal for himself and his three young children. Another photograph depicts an older man showing his cellar and a cistern. Many of the homes have elevated porches in many of the dwellings along the main street. Two photographs show a white man in a suit who strikes up a conversation with the residents of the town, including a mother on her front porch and a young man along the main street."],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:41:37.131Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1830","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1830","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1830","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1830","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1830.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/230530","title_filing_ssi":"African Americans in rural Virginia photographs","title_ssm":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs"],"title_tesim":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["C. 1940s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["C. 1940s"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16923","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1830"],"text":["MSS 16923","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1830","African Americans in rural Virginia photographs","Virginia -- History -- 20th century","African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Virginia","photographs","This collection is open for research.","This collection contains twenty black and white photographs, approximately 9 x 7 inches, depicting African American life, presumably in a segregated area in rural Virginia. The pictures have no annotations on the back, and the photographer is unknown. The location is also unclear; however, it may be somewhere near or in Fauquier County, Virginia. This location possibility is based on a photograph that depicts several storefronts, including a beauty salon which has two names painted on the window, Green \u0026 [  ] Beauty Salon. Juline Turner and Helen Blackwell, are presumably the proprietors of the salon. ","Genealogy research uncovered a birth certificate for Juline Turner's daughter, Katie Ross, born in 1917. The birth certificate notes that Juline was twenty years old, indicating her birth year to be 1897, and that she was born in Fauquier County, Virginia. ","The pictures depict a Black, rural neighborhood that includes pick-up trucks, overalls and work boots, humble dwellings, and vegetation. One photograph depicts a main street of the town, which includes telephone poles and a few businesses, including a small convenience store with signs of Coca Cola, Pepsi, Camel cigarettes, Model \"sporting tobacco\" (a brand native to Virginia), and other daily necessities. ","Other photographs depict several Black people standing or seated with family members in front of wooden homes. There are photographs of children playing games, including a young boy with a holstered toy revolver on his hip, kids playing stickball, and standing on railroad tracks. The photographs also show men, women, and children performing household chores, including cleaning and hanging up the laundry to dry, making meals for the family, and one photograph shows a father in work clothes, dishing out a meal for himself and his three young children. Another photograph depicts an older man showing his cellar and a cistern. Many of the homes have elevated porches in many of the dwellings along the main street. Two photographs show a white man in a suit who strikes up a conversation with the residents of the town, including a mother on her front porch and a young man along the main street.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16923","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1830"],"normalized_title_ssm":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs"],"collection_title_tesim":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs"],"collection_ssim":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creators_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from Max Rambod to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 10 July 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Virginia","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Virginia","photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"genreform_ssim":["photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16923, African Americans in rural Virginia photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16923, African Americans in rural Virginia photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains twenty black and white photographs, approximately 9 x 7 inches, depicting African American life, presumably in a segregated area in rural Virginia. The pictures have no annotations on the back, and the photographer is unknown. The location is also unclear; however, it may be somewhere near or in Fauquier County, Virginia. This location possibility is based on a photograph that depicts several storefronts, including a beauty salon which has two names painted on the window, Green \u0026amp; [  ] Beauty Salon. Juline Turner and Helen Blackwell, are presumably the proprietors of the salon. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGenealogy research uncovered a birth certificate for Juline Turner's daughter, Katie Ross, born in 1917. The birth certificate notes that Juline was twenty years old, indicating her birth year to be 1897, and that she was born in Fauquier County, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe pictures depict a Black, rural neighborhood that includes pick-up trucks, overalls and work boots, humble dwellings, and vegetation. One photograph depicts a main street of the town, which includes telephone poles and a few businesses, including a small convenience store with signs of Coca Cola, Pepsi, Camel cigarettes, Model \"sporting tobacco\" (a brand native to Virginia), and other daily necessities. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther photographs depict several Black people standing or seated with family members in front of wooden homes. There are photographs of children playing games, including a young boy with a holstered toy revolver on his hip, kids playing stickball, and standing on railroad tracks. The photographs also show men, women, and children performing household chores, including cleaning and hanging up the laundry to dry, making meals for the family, and one photograph shows a father in work clothes, dishing out a meal for himself and his three young children. Another photograph depicts an older man showing his cellar and a cistern. Many of the homes have elevated porches in many of the dwellings along the main street. Two photographs show a white man in a suit who strikes up a conversation with the residents of the town, including a mother on her front porch and a young man along the main street.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains twenty black and white photographs, approximately 9 x 7 inches, depicting African American life, presumably in a segregated area in rural Virginia. The pictures have no annotations on the back, and the photographer is unknown. The location is also unclear; however, it may be somewhere near or in Fauquier County, Virginia. This location possibility is based on a photograph that depicts several storefronts, including a beauty salon which has two names painted on the window, Green \u0026 [  ] Beauty Salon. Juline Turner and Helen Blackwell, are presumably the proprietors of the salon. ","Genealogy research uncovered a birth certificate for Juline Turner's daughter, Katie Ross, born in 1917. The birth certificate notes that Juline was twenty years old, indicating her birth year to be 1897, and that she was born in Fauquier County, Virginia. ","The pictures depict a Black, rural neighborhood that includes pick-up trucks, overalls and work boots, humble dwellings, and vegetation. One photograph depicts a main street of the town, which includes telephone poles and a few businesses, including a small convenience store with signs of Coca Cola, Pepsi, Camel cigarettes, Model \"sporting tobacco\" (a brand native to Virginia), and other daily necessities. ","Other photographs depict several Black people standing or seated with family members in front of wooden homes. There are photographs of children playing games, including a young boy with a holstered toy revolver on his hip, kids playing stickball, and standing on railroad tracks. The photographs also show men, women, and children performing household chores, including cleaning and hanging up the laundry to dry, making meals for the family, and one photograph shows a father in work clothes, dishing out a meal for himself and his three young children. Another photograph depicts an older man showing his cellar and a cistern. Many of the homes have elevated porches in many of the dwellings along the main street. Two photographs show a white man in a suit who strikes up a conversation with the residents of the town, including a mother on her front porch and a young man along the main street."],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:41:37.131Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1830"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_997","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Albert Frederick Wilson papers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_997#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe papers chiefly consist of letters Albert Frederick Wilson (1883-1940) sent to his mother in New Jersey while a student at the University of Virginia. There is also some correspondence from Wilson's father and grandfather; family photographs; and unpublished manuscripts by Wilson. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_997#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_997","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_997","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_997","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_997","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_997.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/120877","title_filing_ssi":"Wilson, Albert Frederick, papers","title_ssm":["Albert Frederick Wilson papers"],"title_tesim":["Albert Frederick Wilson papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1840-1934"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1840-1934"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS .16340","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/997"],"text":["MSS .16340","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/997","Albert Frederick Wilson papers","University of Virginia -- Alumni","University of Virginia -- Department of English","African Americans -- Virginia","University of Virginia -- Faculty","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence","good","The Wilson family papers include various letters and information about family members from the years 1840 until approximately 1934. These family members include Albert Sherwood Wilson (1818-1894), his grandson Albert Frederick Wilson (1883-1940), Ruth Danenhower (1887-1974) the wife of Albert Frederick Wilson, Mary A. Wilson the mother of Albert Frederick Wilson, as well as various other correspondents including Albert Frederick Wilson's sisters and children.","Albert Frederick studied at the University from 1902-1907. There he was very involved in extracurricular activities, including the Glee Club, a fraternity called Phi Sigma Kappa, as well as the \"University of Virginia Magazine,\" becoming the editor in chief in 1907.","Albert Frederick Wilson taught at the School of Journalism at New York University. There he met Ruth Danenhower (1887-1974) when she was a student in his class, and they were married in 1916. They had three children, Sherwood, Geoffrey, and Sloan.","This material contains racist language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid.","Occasionally there were empty envelopes present in the collection that we could not match with letters. Since they were not numerous, we have left them with the letters by the date stamped on the envelopes.","This letter was damaged by mold and torn. The Preservation team did some work on the letter to address the mold problem and it was placed in mylar to furnish added protection and support.","Photographs are attached to large sheets, which were put inside large mylar L-sleeves for preservation. Each sheet has a typed description provided by the family, included in the oversize folder witht the folders.","The papers chiefly consist of letters Albert Frederick Wilson (1883-1940) sent to his mother in New Jersey while a student at the University of Virginia. There is also some correspondence from Wilson's father and grandfather; family photographs; and unpublished manuscripts by Wilson.  ","Most of the letters are handwritten. But starting in 1906, typewritten letters become more frequent. The roles of African Americans at the University of Virginia are mentioned several times in his letters.","The rest of the papers include three published books written by Albert Frederick Wilson including 'Pok O' Moonshine', 'The Township Line', and 'Higher than the Wind can Blow', letters of correspondence between him and his wife, academic papers, testimonials about Albert Sherwood Wilson and his teaching positions, a copy of the April 1917 \"University of Virginia Magazine,\" a scrapbook filled with reviews on Albert Frederick Wilson's book 'Pok O' Moonshine', photographs of the family, as well as various other documents which explore the lives of the Wilson family.","Albert Frederick Wilson's first letter describes his trip down to Virginia by train from New Jersey, with a stopover in Washington. He describes his first impressions of the University of Virginia, as well as including some disparaging remarks about the African American citizens of Charlottesville and the Southern drawl of Virginia's speakers (September 13, 1903). Wilson describes his boarding experience with a doctor's family, who he was surprised to discover were Baptists and \"very religious (quite a novelty here)\" (September 17, 1903). He also mentions that the cost of living was cheaper in Charlottesville, Virginia, than in Newark, New Jersey, where his family lived (September ?, 1903).","There are various references to him going to a Baptist church, including a black church in the area (September 14, 1903). This letter also mentions going to a YMCA located near the University of Virginia to see the list of available boarding houses where he found a  boarding house on West Main Street run by a doctor's wife. He appears to have boarded first with the family of Dr. Jones and later with the family of Dr. Roy K. Flanagan, but it is unclear when he changed his boarding situationhouses. He also describes Professor Noah Davis and how he managed to get into his class, normally not open to first years (September 14, 1903).","In a letter, October 11, 1903, Wilson describes his ride by horseback out to Monticello (October 11, 1903). He also gives his impressions of an African American religious revival held in Charlottesville, Virginia (December 7, 1903).","In 1904, A. Frederick was involved in various clubs at the University, and attended events such as the Peabody music recital by the Young Men's Christian Association. Wilson mentions hearing one of their guest speakers (January 25, 1904). In one letter, Albert expressed anger towards Dr. Kent because he sent him to the Chairman's office for not doing exercises from which he thought he was excused (November 4, 1904). This letter also mentions hearing the speech by a lawyer, Mr. Lee, who was representing a prisoner on trial for a murder in the area. He was also heavily involved in the Glee Club and his participation continued until graduation (November 18, 1904). ","                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Wilson give an itinerary for the Glee Club which was traveling to Staunton, Virginia, for a concert (November 18, 1904) and other places on a musical tour (November 21 and 25, 1904). ","A. Frederick mentions several well known figures at the University of Virginia. This includes Edwin A. Alderman, the first president of the University of Virginia. He briefly mentions Alderman's selection as president (October 9, 1904). Another person he mentioned was Professor Kent, who was an English professor at the University. Frederick and Professor Kent worked together closely, and Kent is referenced in many of Wilson's letters while at the University. "," A letter written around November 25, 1904, describes Wilson finding a drunken student in the snow who had fallen and broken his ankle. Wilson helped him back to his rooms at Dawson's Row .","Wilson became a member of the Editorial Review Board (January 1-2, 1905). There are a lot of references in 1905 to a songbook A. Frederick had been trying to write and sell to groups or at events around grounds and he received the support of Dr. Kent for publishing the songbook (January 27, February 26, and November 3, 5, and 8, 1905). ","Wilson mentions correcting the proof of his essay for publication and reading one of his poems before Dr. Kent, who liked the poem (April 7, 1905). Wilson accompanied the Glee Club on the train to Crozet to perform at the Miller School, a large preparatory school in the Blue Ridge Mountains (January 21, 1905).","Eventually A. Frederick Wilson became known as a writer in the University of Virginia community. Wilson appeared twice in the \"Corks and Curls,\" the annual yearbook at the University of Virginia which began in 1888. This yearbook published different student creative works, including poems, short stories and cartoons (May 16, 1905). He was also heavily involved with the editing staff of the \"University of Virginia Magazine,\" as an Associate Editor. ","He mentions that the Editor in Chief, William McCulley James, went missing temporarily from the University and he had to locate the proof of the magazine, correct it and send it back to the publishers in two days (May 23, 1905). James continued as Editor in Chief through the spring of 1906. A. Frederick Wilson became the Editor in Chief the fall of 1906. Wilson had high hopes of receiving one of the medals for his literary work, which he apparently did (June 10, 15, 1905).","A. Frederick was also involved with the Glee club in 1905. He described the preparation and surrounding events for the inauguration of President Alderman, which included a procession of students, alumni, visiting professors and university presidents, the Alderman family, and then the Governor and Alderman. Wilson mentions that he marched with the Glee Club in this procession (April 17, 1905).","A. Frederick's letters also mention various roles that African Americans filled on grounds during the early twentieth century and his own involvement with them this year. Some of these letters use offensive and racist language. Wilson mentions that an African American man delivered a surprise Valentine box from his folks (February 17, 1905).  Wilson also searched for the music used in a popular but demeaning minstrel song that was also used in several other songs in Virginia, which he wanted to include in his songbook (March 10, 1905). He also mentions hiring an African American man to press his new suit before the inauguration of Alderman. When he did not return it to him by the morning of the inauguration, Wilson tracked him down in a panic and found him inebriated on a side street. After Wilson threatened physical violence, the older man finally located the clothes in a pool room unharmed (April 17, 1905).","Letters from 1906 have additional mentions of the songbook that he was attempting to publish. In one, he sends the songbook to an editor in January and attempts to get it published; however, he refuses to put any money down for it. The editor tells him he must help pay for it, especially because it is a college book (January 19, 1906). He eventually does get it published and shipped to him with the title \"Songs of the University of Virginia\" (March 16, 1906; May 25, 27, 1906). ","Wilson mentions that he gave President Alderman one of his  songbooks, and Alderman praised it during a meeting of the entire student body where  Alderman also discussed the new Carnegie pipe organ soon to be completed in Cabell Hall (October 30, 1906). He also used the songbook in the Glee Club events to promote its sale(November 2, 1906).","A. Frederick was involved in several other extracurricular activities this year. He attended baseball games against Yale which the University of Virginia won (April 19, 1906) and Princeton which game they lost (April 13, 1906). He was also still working with the \"University of Virginia Magazine\" editorial team and became Editor in Chief (June 10, 1906). He writes that the magazine got first place in college magazines for 1906 (November 2, 1906). ","He considered getting involved with a fraternity called Alpha Delta Phi, which is still currently active at the University of Virginia.  Apparently Dr. Kent had close connections to this fraternity and wished that A. Frederick would join it. The cost to be in the fraternity was twenty dollars at the time which he was unwilling or unable to pay (November 30, 1906).","A. Frederick Wilson refers to his work teaching at the University, probably his Teaching Assistant position with Dr. Kent (October 1, 1906). A. Frederick mentions that he was forced to pay a matriculation fee of ten dollars and a receipt for this has survived (October 18, 1906).","There is also a reference to an African American woman in one of his letters. The room he received when he returned to the University of Virginia had bedbugs in it, so they sent for the woman to come and clean it before he moved in (November 9, 1906).","In 1907, A. Frederick was very active with the Glee Club. In one letter, he mentions that the Glee club got its name from an older club that had formed in the University of Virginia in 1888 (April 22, 1907). He writes that the Glee Club would be giving their first concert in February (January 27, 1907). ","On March 11, 1907, he also mentions the itinerary for the upcoming Glee Club trip in April, chiefly in Virginia. Starting on April 4th, they were going to sing at Sweet Briar College, Lynchburg Woman's College and Roanoke where they would be performing in two places, a girl's school and a theatre. Then they went to Danville, Virginia, Washington,D.C. and finally, performed two concerts in Richmond and two in Norfolk (March 11, 1907). ","In a letter on April 8th, he mentions the Glee club performed at a theater in Staunton, attended by students from Mary Baldwin College. There is a small newspaper clipping about the performance at Rawlins (April 8, 15, 1907).","A. Frederick continued his involvment in other extracurricular activities as well. A. Frederick became the Editor in Chief of the \"University of Virginia Magazine\" this year. He mentions that his  publications in the magazine had brought him a good deal of fame on grounds (April 27, 1907). ","A. Frederick became a member of the Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity (January 18, 1907) and wrote a song for one of the banquets they held (January 21, 1907). He also describes the \"annual spring goating\" or initiation activities of one of the law fraternities, including a mock court on the Rotunda steps (April 1, 1907)","A. Frederick mentions rumors that he was being considered for several honors for his work at the University of Virginia this year, including the Raven Society (January 15, 1907). He also mentions that he won the Edgar Allen Poe award for best short story for \"The Tea Machine\" (June 11, 1907).","Frederick wrote about a student being dismissed at the University of Virginia by the Honor Committee for breaking the honor code. The student appealed for and got a public trial by a jury of alumni (March 21, 1907). This letter furnishes some insight on the working of the honor system at the time. His letters have several mentions of the baseball season (May 4, 15, 1907).","In the summer of 1907, A. Frederick talks about  his upcoming camping trip with the Flanagans and a group of friends in the mountains, at Sugar Hollow near Moorman's River, Albemarle County, Virginia (May 16, 1907; June 6, 11, 18, 1907).","Prior to 1883, Albert Sherwood Wilson was the principal of a school in Bridgeport, Connecticut for over 20 years. In 1883, he taught first grade at Glen Cove Long Island, New York, where he eventually became principal.  In one letter, June 28, 1889, he mentions Albert Barnum Wilson, who was the father of Albert Frederick Wilson. Albert Barnum Wilson was teaching in Newark, New Jersey and was a principal of one of the schools there during this time. Albert Sherwood Wilson had moved to Newark due to this and obtained a current certificate qualifying him to teach in New Jersey. Also present is a note of thanks to Wilson for his work as Chorister at his church.","Works include \"Pok O' Moonshine\" and \"The Township Line.\"","His children include Geoffrey, Sloan, and Sherwood.","On printed stationery for the International Press Exhibition, American Committee, Lee's letter mentions a nice review for one of Wilson's books by Helen Parsons who covers the theater for \"Long Island Life\" and was an old student of theirs.","Photographs include images of A. Frederick Wilson when he was a professor at New York University's School of Journalism. One of these images includes him on a horse in New Canaan, Connecticut and another of him at his summer home in Ticonderoga, New York. There is also an image of multiple people on a ship in this folder. In 1932, Wilson and his family went to France for a year. H.G. Wells was allegedly on their ship, and we have a photograph of the entire group of passengers, so presumably this included Wells as one of the people in this photograph.","Albert is also portrayed with his family circa 1930 in a location called Ormond Beach, Florida. This was the location of one of Ruth's homes and was a well-known house in Florida, once being owned by John D. Rockefeller. ","Sheet 1 contains many images of the family when they went to France for a year in 1932. There are also various photographs of A. Frederick Wilson taken in locations such as Rogers Rock, Lake George, New York, where he died in 1940; Daytona Beach,Florida, where Wilson and his family had moved; and other locations. There are also a few images of Wilson and his children when he was a professor. ","Sheet 2 contains many images of A. Frederick Wilson when he was a professor. Many of these images are taken in various locations in New York as well as in Florida. There are images of his wife, Ruth, and his children including Geoffrey Wilson, Mary Sherwood Wilson and Sloan Wilson. ","Sheet 3 contains images of Wilson's ancestors including his mother Mary, his great-grandfather, Robert Wilson, his great-aunt and uncle, Amelia Greene and George Greene, his father Albert Barnum Wilson, and others.  Most of these were taken in Connecticut. ","Sheet 4 contains various photographs of Wilson when he took a trip to France with his family in 1932.","Includes voting cards for editor of the \"The University of Virginia Magazine,\" report cards, registration cards, lists of classes taken, and a copy of his graduation certificate.","Copies of publishedd material transferred to Rare Books include three books by Wilson, \"The Township Line\" (1919), \"Pok O' Moonshine\" (1927) and \"Higher Than the Wind Can Blow\" (1934).","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS .16340","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/997"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Albert Frederick Wilson papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Albert Frederick Wilson papers"],"collection_ssim":["Albert Frederick Wilson papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the University of Virginia Special Collections Library by Dr. Timothy D. Wilson on July 27, 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["University of Virginia -- Alumni","University of Virginia -- Department of English","African Americans -- Virginia","University of Virginia -- Faculty","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University of Virginia -- Alumni","University of Virginia -- Department of English","African Americans -- Virginia","University of Virginia -- Faculty","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["good"],"extent_ssm":["1.5 Cubic Feet 3 legal document boxes and 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["1.5 Cubic Feet 3 legal document boxes and 1 oversize folder"],"genreform_ssim":["University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Wilson family papers include various letters and information about family members from the years 1840 until approximately 1934. These family members include Albert Sherwood Wilson (1818-1894), his grandson Albert Frederick Wilson (1883-1940), Ruth Danenhower (1887-1974) the wife of Albert Frederick Wilson, Mary A. Wilson the mother of Albert Frederick Wilson, as well as various other correspondents including Albert Frederick Wilson's sisters and children.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlbert Frederick studied at the University from 1902-1907. There he was very involved in extracurricular activities, including the Glee Club, a fraternity called Phi Sigma Kappa, as well as the \"University of Virginia Magazine,\" becoming the editor in chief in 1907.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlbert Frederick Wilson taught at the School of Journalism at New York University. There he met Ruth Danenhower (1887-1974) when she was a student in his class, and they were married in 1916. They had three children, Sherwood, Geoffrey, and Sloan.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Wilson family papers include various letters and information about family members from the years 1840 until approximately 1934. These family members include Albert Sherwood Wilson (1818-1894), his grandson Albert Frederick Wilson (1883-1940), Ruth Danenhower (1887-1974) the wife of Albert Frederick Wilson, Mary A. Wilson the mother of Albert Frederick Wilson, as well as various other correspondents including Albert Frederick Wilson's sisters and children.","Albert Frederick studied at the University from 1902-1907. There he was very involved in extracurricular activities, including the Glee Club, a fraternity called Phi Sigma Kappa, as well as the \"University of Virginia Magazine,\" becoming the editor in chief in 1907.","Albert Frederick Wilson taught at the School of Journalism at New York University. There he met Ruth Danenhower (1887-1974) when she was a student in his class, and they were married in 1916. They had three children, Sherwood, Geoffrey, and Sloan."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis material contains racist language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning"],"odd_tesim":["This material contains racist language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOccasionally there were empty envelopes present in the collection that we could not match with letters. Since they were not numerous, we have left them with the letters by the date stamped on the envelopes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis letter was damaged by mold and torn. The Preservation team did some work on the letter to address the mold problem and it was placed in mylar to furnish added protection and support.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs are attached to large sheets, which were put inside large mylar L-sleeves for preservation. Each sheet has a typed description provided by the family, included in the oversize folder witht the folders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Occasionally there were empty envelopes present in the collection that we could not match with letters. Since they were not numerous, we have left them with the letters by the date stamped on the envelopes.","This letter was damaged by mold and torn. The Preservation team did some work on the letter to address the mold problem and it was placed in mylar to furnish added protection and support.","Photographs are attached to large sheets, which were put inside large mylar L-sleeves for preservation. Each sheet has a typed description provided by the family, included in the oversize folder witht the folders."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers chiefly consist of letters Albert Frederick Wilson (1883-1940) sent to his mother in New Jersey while a student at the University of Virginia. There is also some correspondence from Wilson's father and grandfather; family photographs; and unpublished manuscripts by Wilson.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMost of the letters are handwritten. But starting in 1906, typewritten letters become more frequent. The roles of African Americans at the University of Virginia are mentioned several times in his letters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe rest of the papers include three published books written by Albert Frederick Wilson including 'Pok O' Moonshine', 'The Township Line', and 'Higher than the Wind can Blow', letters of correspondence between him and his wife, academic papers, testimonials about Albert Sherwood Wilson and his teaching positions, a copy of the April 1917 \"University of Virginia Magazine,\" a scrapbook filled with reviews on Albert Frederick Wilson's book 'Pok O' Moonshine', photographs of the family, as well as various other documents which explore the lives of the Wilson family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlbert Frederick Wilson's first letter describes his trip down to Virginia by train from New Jersey, with a stopover in Washington. He describes his first impressions of the University of Virginia, as well as including some disparaging remarks about the African American citizens of Charlottesville and the Southern drawl of Virginia's speakers (September 13, 1903). Wilson describes his boarding experience with a doctor's family, who he was surprised to discover were Baptists and \"very religious (quite a novelty here)\" (September 17, 1903). He also mentions that the cost of living was cheaper in Charlottesville, Virginia, than in Newark, New Jersey, where his family lived (September ?, 1903).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are various references to him going to a Baptist church, including a black church in the area (September 14, 1903). This letter also mentions going to a YMCA located near the University of Virginia to see the list of available boarding houses where he found a  boarding house on West Main Street run by a doctor's wife. He appears to have boarded first with the family of Dr. Jones and later with the family of Dr. Roy K. Flanagan, but it is unclear when he changed his boarding situationhouses. He also describes Professor Noah Davis and how he managed to get into his class, normally not open to first years (September 14, 1903).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn a letter, October 11, 1903, Wilson describes his ride by horseback out to Monticello (October 11, 1903). He also gives his impressions of an African American religious revival held in Charlottesville, Virginia (December 7, 1903).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1904, A. Frederick was involved in various clubs at the University, and attended events such as the Peabody music recital by the Young Men's Christian Association. Wilson mentions hearing one of their guest speakers (January 25, 1904). In one letter, Albert expressed anger towards Dr. Kent because he sent him to the Chairman's office for not doing exercises from which he thought he was excused (November 4, 1904). This letter also mentions hearing the speech by a lawyer, Mr. Lee, who was representing a prisoner on trial for a murder in the area. He was also heavily involved in the Glee Club and his participation continued until graduation (November 18, 1904). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Wilson give an itinerary for the Glee Club which was traveling to Staunton, Virginia, for a concert (November 18, 1904) and other places on a musical tour (November 21 and 25, 1904). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA. Frederick mentions several well known figures at the University of Virginia. This includes Edwin A. Alderman, the first president of the University of Virginia. He briefly mentions Alderman's selection as president (October 9, 1904). Another person he mentioned was Professor Kent, who was an English professor at the University. Frederick and Professor Kent worked together closely, and Kent is referenced in many of Wilson's letters while at the University. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e A letter written around November 25, 1904, describes Wilson finding a drunken student in the snow who had fallen and broken his ankle. Wilson helped him back to his rooms at Dawson's Row .\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilson became a member of the Editorial Review Board (January 1-2, 1905). There are a lot of references in 1905 to a songbook A. Frederick had been trying to write and sell to groups or at events around grounds and he received the support of Dr. Kent for publishing the songbook (January 27, February 26, and November 3, 5, and 8, 1905). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilson mentions correcting the proof of his essay for publication and reading one of his poems before Dr. Kent, who liked the poem (April 7, 1905). Wilson accompanied the Glee Club on the train to Crozet to perform at the Miller School, a large preparatory school in the Blue Ridge Mountains (January 21, 1905).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEventually A. Frederick Wilson became known as a writer in the University of Virginia community. Wilson appeared twice in the \"Corks and Curls,\" the annual yearbook at the University of Virginia which began in 1888. This yearbook published different student creative works, including poems, short stories and cartoons (May 16, 1905). He was also heavily involved with the editing staff of the \"University of Virginia Magazine,\" as an Associate Editor. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe mentions that the Editor in Chief, William McCulley James, went missing temporarily from the University and he had to locate the proof of the magazine, correct it and send it back to the publishers in two days (May 23, 1905). James continued as Editor in Chief through the spring of 1906. A. Frederick Wilson became the Editor in Chief the fall of 1906. Wilson had high hopes of receiving one of the medals for his literary work, which he apparently did (June 10, 15, 1905).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA. Frederick was also involved with the Glee club in 1905. He described the preparation and surrounding events for the inauguration of President Alderman, which included a procession of students, alumni, visiting professors and university presidents, the Alderman family, and then the Governor and Alderman. Wilson mentions that he marched with the Glee Club in this procession (April 17, 1905).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA. Frederick's letters also mention various roles that African Americans filled on grounds during the early twentieth century and his own involvement with them this year. Some of these letters use offensive and racist language. Wilson mentions that an African American man delivered a surprise Valentine box from his folks (February 17, 1905).  Wilson also searched for the music used in a popular but demeaning minstrel song that was also used in several other songs in Virginia, which he wanted to include in his songbook (March 10, 1905). He also mentions hiring an African American man to press his new suit before the inauguration of Alderman. When he did not return it to him by the morning of the inauguration, Wilson tracked him down in a panic and found him inebriated on a side street. After Wilson threatened physical violence, the older man finally located the clothes in a pool room unharmed (April 17, 1905).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters from 1906 have additional mentions of the songbook that he was attempting to publish. In one, he sends the songbook to an editor in January and attempts to get it published; however, he refuses to put any money down for it. The editor tells him he must help pay for it, especially because it is a college book (January 19, 1906). He eventually does get it published and shipped to him with the title \"Songs of the University of Virginia\" (March 16, 1906; May 25, 27, 1906). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilson mentions that he gave President Alderman one of his  songbooks, and Alderman praised it during a meeting of the entire student body where  Alderman also discussed the new Carnegie pipe organ soon to be completed in Cabell Hall (October 30, 1906). He also used the songbook in the Glee Club events to promote its sale(November 2, 1906).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA. Frederick was involved in several other extracurricular activities this year. He attended baseball games against Yale which the University of Virginia won (April 19, 1906) and Princeton which game they lost (April 13, 1906). He was also still working with the \"University of Virginia Magazine\" editorial team and became Editor in Chief (June 10, 1906). He writes that the magazine got first place in college magazines for 1906 (November 2, 1906). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe considered getting involved with a fraternity called Alpha Delta Phi, which is still currently active at the University of Virginia.  Apparently Dr. Kent had close connections to this fraternity and wished that A. Frederick would join it. The cost to be in the fraternity was twenty dollars at the time which he was unwilling or unable to pay (November 30, 1906).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA. Frederick Wilson refers to his work teaching at the University, probably his Teaching Assistant position with Dr. Kent (October 1, 1906). A. Frederick mentions that he was forced to pay a matriculation fee of ten dollars and a receipt for this has survived (October 18, 1906).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also a reference to an African American woman in one of his letters. The room he received when he returned to the University of Virginia had bedbugs in it, so they sent for the woman to come and clean it before he moved in (November 9, 1906).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1907, A. Frederick was very active with the Glee Club. In one letter, he mentions that the Glee club got its name from an older club that had formed in the University of Virginia in 1888 (April 22, 1907). He writes that the Glee Club would be giving their first concert in February (January 27, 1907). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn March 11, 1907, he also mentions the itinerary for the upcoming Glee Club trip in April, chiefly in Virginia. Starting on April 4th, they were going to sing at Sweet Briar College, Lynchburg Woman's College and Roanoke where they would be performing in two places, a girl's school and a theatre. Then they went to Danville, Virginia, Washington,D.C. and finally, performed two concerts in Richmond and two in Norfolk (March 11, 1907). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn a letter on April 8th, he mentions the Glee club performed at a theater in Staunton, attended by students from Mary Baldwin College. There is a small newspaper clipping about the performance at Rawlins (April 8, 15, 1907).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA. Frederick continued his involvment in other extracurricular activities as well. A. Frederick became the Editor in Chief of the \"University of Virginia Magazine\" this year. He mentions that his  publications in the magazine had brought him a good deal of fame on grounds (April 27, 1907). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA. Frederick became a member of the Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity (January 18, 1907) and wrote a song for one of the banquets they held (January 21, 1907). He also describes the \"annual spring goating\" or initiation activities of one of the law fraternities, including a mock court on the Rotunda steps (April 1, 1907)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA. Frederick mentions rumors that he was being considered for several honors for his work at the University of Virginia this year, including the Raven Society (January 15, 1907). He also mentions that he won the Edgar Allen Poe award for best short story for \"The Tea Machine\" (June 11, 1907).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrederick wrote about a student being dismissed at the University of Virginia by the Honor Committee for breaking the honor code. The student appealed for and got a public trial by a jury of alumni (March 21, 1907). This letter furnishes some insight on the working of the honor system at the time. His letters have several mentions of the baseball season (May 4, 15, 1907).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the summer of 1907, A. Frederick talks about  his upcoming camping trip with the Flanagans and a group of friends in the mountains, at Sugar Hollow near Moorman's River, Albemarle County, Virginia (May 16, 1907; June 6, 11, 18, 1907).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrior to 1883, Albert Sherwood Wilson was the principal of a school in Bridgeport, Connecticut for over 20 years. In 1883, he taught first grade at Glen Cove Long Island, New York, where he eventually became principal.  In one letter, June 28, 1889, he mentions Albert Barnum Wilson, who was the father of Albert Frederick Wilson. Albert Barnum Wilson was teaching in Newark, New Jersey and was a principal of one of the schools there during this time. Albert Sherwood Wilson had moved to Newark due to this and obtained a current certificate qualifying him to teach in New Jersey. Also present is a note of thanks to Wilson for his work as Chorister at his church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWorks include \"Pok O' Moonshine\" and \"The Township Line.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHis children include Geoffrey, Sloan, and Sherwood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn printed stationery for the International Press Exhibition, American Committee, Lee's letter mentions a nice review for one of Wilson's books by Helen Parsons who covers the theater for \"Long Island Life\" and was an old student of theirs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs include images of A. Frederick Wilson when he was a professor at New York University's School of Journalism. One of these images includes him on a horse in New Canaan, Connecticut and another of him at his summer home in Ticonderoga, New York. There is also an image of multiple people on a ship in this folder. In 1932, Wilson and his family went to France for a year. H.G. Wells was allegedly on their ship, and we have a photograph of the entire group of passengers, so presumably this included Wells as one of the people in this photograph.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlbert is also portrayed with his family circa 1930 in a location called Ormond Beach, Florida. This was the location of one of Ruth's homes and was a well-known house in Florida, once being owned by John D. Rockefeller. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSheet 1 contains many images of the family when they went to France for a year in 1932. There are also various photographs of A. Frederick Wilson taken in locations such as Rogers Rock, Lake George, New York, where he died in 1940; Daytona Beach,Florida, where Wilson and his family had moved; and other locations. There are also a few images of Wilson and his children when he was a professor. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSheet 2 contains many images of A. Frederick Wilson when he was a professor. Many of these images are taken in various locations in New York as well as in Florida. There are images of his wife, Ruth, and his children including Geoffrey Wilson, Mary Sherwood Wilson and Sloan Wilson. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSheet 3 contains images of Wilson's ancestors including his mother Mary, his great-grandfather, Robert Wilson, his great-aunt and uncle, Amelia Greene and George Greene, his father Albert Barnum Wilson, and others.  Most of these were taken in Connecticut. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSheet 4 contains various photographs of Wilson when he took a trip to France with his family in 1932.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes voting cards for editor of the \"The University of Virginia Magazine,\" report cards, registration cards, lists of classes taken, and a copy of his graduation certificate.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers chiefly consist of letters Albert Frederick Wilson (1883-1940) sent to his mother in New Jersey while a student at the University of Virginia. There is also some correspondence from Wilson's father and grandfather; family photographs; and unpublished manuscripts by Wilson.  ","Most of the letters are handwritten. But starting in 1906, typewritten letters become more frequent. The roles of African Americans at the University of Virginia are mentioned several times in his letters.","The rest of the papers include three published books written by Albert Frederick Wilson including 'Pok O' Moonshine', 'The Township Line', and 'Higher than the Wind can Blow', letters of correspondence between him and his wife, academic papers, testimonials about Albert Sherwood Wilson and his teaching positions, a copy of the April 1917 \"University of Virginia Magazine,\" a scrapbook filled with reviews on Albert Frederick Wilson's book 'Pok O' Moonshine', photographs of the family, as well as various other documents which explore the lives of the Wilson family.","Albert Frederick Wilson's first letter describes his trip down to Virginia by train from New Jersey, with a stopover in Washington. He describes his first impressions of the University of Virginia, as well as including some disparaging remarks about the African American citizens of Charlottesville and the Southern drawl of Virginia's speakers (September 13, 1903). Wilson describes his boarding experience with a doctor's family, who he was surprised to discover were Baptists and \"very religious (quite a novelty here)\" (September 17, 1903). He also mentions that the cost of living was cheaper in Charlottesville, Virginia, than in Newark, New Jersey, where his family lived (September ?, 1903).","There are various references to him going to a Baptist church, including a black church in the area (September 14, 1903). This letter also mentions going to a YMCA located near the University of Virginia to see the list of available boarding houses where he found a  boarding house on West Main Street run by a doctor's wife. He appears to have boarded first with the family of Dr. Jones and later with the family of Dr. Roy K. Flanagan, but it is unclear when he changed his boarding situationhouses. He also describes Professor Noah Davis and how he managed to get into his class, normally not open to first years (September 14, 1903).","In a letter, October 11, 1903, Wilson describes his ride by horseback out to Monticello (October 11, 1903). He also gives his impressions of an African American religious revival held in Charlottesville, Virginia (December 7, 1903).","In 1904, A. Frederick was involved in various clubs at the University, and attended events such as the Peabody music recital by the Young Men's Christian Association. Wilson mentions hearing one of their guest speakers (January 25, 1904). In one letter, Albert expressed anger towards Dr. Kent because he sent him to the Chairman's office for not doing exercises from which he thought he was excused (November 4, 1904). This letter also mentions hearing the speech by a lawyer, Mr. Lee, who was representing a prisoner on trial for a murder in the area. He was also heavily involved in the Glee Club and his participation continued until graduation (November 18, 1904). ","                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Wilson give an itinerary for the Glee Club which was traveling to Staunton, Virginia, for a concert (November 18, 1904) and other places on a musical tour (November 21 and 25, 1904). ","A. Frederick mentions several well known figures at the University of Virginia. This includes Edwin A. Alderman, the first president of the University of Virginia. He briefly mentions Alderman's selection as president (October 9, 1904). Another person he mentioned was Professor Kent, who was an English professor at the University. Frederick and Professor Kent worked together closely, and Kent is referenced in many of Wilson's letters while at the University. "," A letter written around November 25, 1904, describes Wilson finding a drunken student in the snow who had fallen and broken his ankle. Wilson helped him back to his rooms at Dawson's Row .","Wilson became a member of the Editorial Review Board (January 1-2, 1905). There are a lot of references in 1905 to a songbook A. Frederick had been trying to write and sell to groups or at events around grounds and he received the support of Dr. Kent for publishing the songbook (January 27, February 26, and November 3, 5, and 8, 1905). ","Wilson mentions correcting the proof of his essay for publication and reading one of his poems before Dr. Kent, who liked the poem (April 7, 1905). Wilson accompanied the Glee Club on the train to Crozet to perform at the Miller School, a large preparatory school in the Blue Ridge Mountains (January 21, 1905).","Eventually A. Frederick Wilson became known as a writer in the University of Virginia community. Wilson appeared twice in the \"Corks and Curls,\" the annual yearbook at the University of Virginia which began in 1888. This yearbook published different student creative works, including poems, short stories and cartoons (May 16, 1905). He was also heavily involved with the editing staff of the \"University of Virginia Magazine,\" as an Associate Editor. ","He mentions that the Editor in Chief, William McCulley James, went missing temporarily from the University and he had to locate the proof of the magazine, correct it and send it back to the publishers in two days (May 23, 1905). James continued as Editor in Chief through the spring of 1906. A. Frederick Wilson became the Editor in Chief the fall of 1906. Wilson had high hopes of receiving one of the medals for his literary work, which he apparently did (June 10, 15, 1905).","A. Frederick was also involved with the Glee club in 1905. He described the preparation and surrounding events for the inauguration of President Alderman, which included a procession of students, alumni, visiting professors and university presidents, the Alderman family, and then the Governor and Alderman. Wilson mentions that he marched with the Glee Club in this procession (April 17, 1905).","A. Frederick's letters also mention various roles that African Americans filled on grounds during the early twentieth century and his own involvement with them this year. Some of these letters use offensive and racist language. Wilson mentions that an African American man delivered a surprise Valentine box from his folks (February 17, 1905).  Wilson also searched for the music used in a popular but demeaning minstrel song that was also used in several other songs in Virginia, which he wanted to include in his songbook (March 10, 1905). He also mentions hiring an African American man to press his new suit before the inauguration of Alderman. When he did not return it to him by the morning of the inauguration, Wilson tracked him down in a panic and found him inebriated on a side street. After Wilson threatened physical violence, the older man finally located the clothes in a pool room unharmed (April 17, 1905).","Letters from 1906 have additional mentions of the songbook that he was attempting to publish. In one, he sends the songbook to an editor in January and attempts to get it published; however, he refuses to put any money down for it. The editor tells him he must help pay for it, especially because it is a college book (January 19, 1906). He eventually does get it published and shipped to him with the title \"Songs of the University of Virginia\" (March 16, 1906; May 25, 27, 1906). ","Wilson mentions that he gave President Alderman one of his  songbooks, and Alderman praised it during a meeting of the entire student body where  Alderman also discussed the new Carnegie pipe organ soon to be completed in Cabell Hall (October 30, 1906). He also used the songbook in the Glee Club events to promote its sale(November 2, 1906).","A. Frederick was involved in several other extracurricular activities this year. He attended baseball games against Yale which the University of Virginia won (April 19, 1906) and Princeton which game they lost (April 13, 1906). He was also still working with the \"University of Virginia Magazine\" editorial team and became Editor in Chief (June 10, 1906). He writes that the magazine got first place in college magazines for 1906 (November 2, 1906). ","He considered getting involved with a fraternity called Alpha Delta Phi, which is still currently active at the University of Virginia.  Apparently Dr. Kent had close connections to this fraternity and wished that A. Frederick would join it. The cost to be in the fraternity was twenty dollars at the time which he was unwilling or unable to pay (November 30, 1906).","A. Frederick Wilson refers to his work teaching at the University, probably his Teaching Assistant position with Dr. Kent (October 1, 1906). A. Frederick mentions that he was forced to pay a matriculation fee of ten dollars and a receipt for this has survived (October 18, 1906).","There is also a reference to an African American woman in one of his letters. The room he received when he returned to the University of Virginia had bedbugs in it, so they sent for the woman to come and clean it before he moved in (November 9, 1906).","In 1907, A. Frederick was very active with the Glee Club. In one letter, he mentions that the Glee club got its name from an older club that had formed in the University of Virginia in 1888 (April 22, 1907). He writes that the Glee Club would be giving their first concert in February (January 27, 1907). ","On March 11, 1907, he also mentions the itinerary for the upcoming Glee Club trip in April, chiefly in Virginia. Starting on April 4th, they were going to sing at Sweet Briar College, Lynchburg Woman's College and Roanoke where they would be performing in two places, a girl's school and a theatre. Then they went to Danville, Virginia, Washington,D.C. and finally, performed two concerts in Richmond and two in Norfolk (March 11, 1907). ","In a letter on April 8th, he mentions the Glee club performed at a theater in Staunton, attended by students from Mary Baldwin College. There is a small newspaper clipping about the performance at Rawlins (April 8, 15, 1907).","A. Frederick continued his involvment in other extracurricular activities as well. A. Frederick became the Editor in Chief of the \"University of Virginia Magazine\" this year. He mentions that his  publications in the magazine had brought him a good deal of fame on grounds (April 27, 1907). ","A. Frederick became a member of the Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity (January 18, 1907) and wrote a song for one of the banquets they held (January 21, 1907). He also describes the \"annual spring goating\" or initiation activities of one of the law fraternities, including a mock court on the Rotunda steps (April 1, 1907)","A. Frederick mentions rumors that he was being considered for several honors for his work at the University of Virginia this year, including the Raven Society (January 15, 1907). He also mentions that he won the Edgar Allen Poe award for best short story for \"The Tea Machine\" (June 11, 1907).","Frederick wrote about a student being dismissed at the University of Virginia by the Honor Committee for breaking the honor code. The student appealed for and got a public trial by a jury of alumni (March 21, 1907). This letter furnishes some insight on the working of the honor system at the time. His letters have several mentions of the baseball season (May 4, 15, 1907).","In the summer of 1907, A. Frederick talks about  his upcoming camping trip with the Flanagans and a group of friends in the mountains, at Sugar Hollow near Moorman's River, Albemarle County, Virginia (May 16, 1907; June 6, 11, 18, 1907).","Prior to 1883, Albert Sherwood Wilson was the principal of a school in Bridgeport, Connecticut for over 20 years. In 1883, he taught first grade at Glen Cove Long Island, New York, where he eventually became principal.  In one letter, June 28, 1889, he mentions Albert Barnum Wilson, who was the father of Albert Frederick Wilson. Albert Barnum Wilson was teaching in Newark, New Jersey and was a principal of one of the schools there during this time. Albert Sherwood Wilson had moved to Newark due to this and obtained a current certificate qualifying him to teach in New Jersey. Also present is a note of thanks to Wilson for his work as Chorister at his church.","Works include \"Pok O' Moonshine\" and \"The Township Line.\"","His children include Geoffrey, Sloan, and Sherwood.","On printed stationery for the International Press Exhibition, American Committee, Lee's letter mentions a nice review for one of Wilson's books by Helen Parsons who covers the theater for \"Long Island Life\" and was an old student of theirs.","Photographs include images of A. Frederick Wilson when he was a professor at New York University's School of Journalism. One of these images includes him on a horse in New Canaan, Connecticut and another of him at his summer home in Ticonderoga, New York. There is also an image of multiple people on a ship in this folder. In 1932, Wilson and his family went to France for a year. H.G. Wells was allegedly on their ship, and we have a photograph of the entire group of passengers, so presumably this included Wells as one of the people in this photograph.","Albert is also portrayed with his family circa 1930 in a location called Ormond Beach, Florida. This was the location of one of Ruth's homes and was a well-known house in Florida, once being owned by John D. Rockefeller. ","Sheet 1 contains many images of the family when they went to France for a year in 1932. There are also various photographs of A. Frederick Wilson taken in locations such as Rogers Rock, Lake George, New York, where he died in 1940; Daytona Beach,Florida, where Wilson and his family had moved; and other locations. There are also a few images of Wilson and his children when he was a professor. ","Sheet 2 contains many images of A. Frederick Wilson when he was a professor. Many of these images are taken in various locations in New York as well as in Florida. There are images of his wife, Ruth, and his children including Geoffrey Wilson, Mary Sherwood Wilson and Sloan Wilson. ","Sheet 3 contains images of Wilson's ancestors including his mother Mary, his great-grandfather, Robert Wilson, his great-aunt and uncle, Amelia Greene and George Greene, his father Albert Barnum Wilson, and others.  Most of these were taken in Connecticut. ","Sheet 4 contains various photographs of Wilson when he took a trip to France with his family in 1932.","Includes voting cards for editor of the \"The University of Virginia Magazine,\" report cards, registration cards, lists of classes taken, and a copy of his graduation certificate."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopies of publishedd material transferred to Rare Books include three books by Wilson, \"The Township Line\" (1919), \"Pok O' Moonshine\" (1927) and \"Higher Than the Wind Can Blow\" (1934).\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Copies of publishedd material transferred to Rare Books include three books by Wilson, \"The Township Line\" (1919), \"Pok O' Moonshine\" (1927) and \"Higher Than the Wind Can Blow\" (1934)."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":19,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:52:44.752Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_997","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_997","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_997","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_997","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_997.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/120877","title_filing_ssi":"Wilson, Albert Frederick, papers","title_ssm":["Albert Frederick Wilson papers"],"title_tesim":["Albert Frederick Wilson papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1840-1934"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1840-1934"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS .16340","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/997"],"text":["MSS .16340","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/997","Albert Frederick Wilson papers","University of Virginia -- Alumni","University of Virginia -- Department of English","African Americans -- Virginia","University of Virginia -- Faculty","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence","good","The Wilson family papers include various letters and information about family members from the years 1840 until approximately 1934. These family members include Albert Sherwood Wilson (1818-1894), his grandson Albert Frederick Wilson (1883-1940), Ruth Danenhower (1887-1974) the wife of Albert Frederick Wilson, Mary A. Wilson the mother of Albert Frederick Wilson, as well as various other correspondents including Albert Frederick Wilson's sisters and children.","Albert Frederick studied at the University from 1902-1907. There he was very involved in extracurricular activities, including the Glee Club, a fraternity called Phi Sigma Kappa, as well as the \"University of Virginia Magazine,\" becoming the editor in chief in 1907.","Albert Frederick Wilson taught at the School of Journalism at New York University. There he met Ruth Danenhower (1887-1974) when she was a student in his class, and they were married in 1916. They had three children, Sherwood, Geoffrey, and Sloan.","This material contains racist language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid.","Occasionally there were empty envelopes present in the collection that we could not match with letters. Since they were not numerous, we have left them with the letters by the date stamped on the envelopes.","This letter was damaged by mold and torn. The Preservation team did some work on the letter to address the mold problem and it was placed in mylar to furnish added protection and support.","Photographs are attached to large sheets, which were put inside large mylar L-sleeves for preservation. Each sheet has a typed description provided by the family, included in the oversize folder witht the folders.","The papers chiefly consist of letters Albert Frederick Wilson (1883-1940) sent to his mother in New Jersey while a student at the University of Virginia. There is also some correspondence from Wilson's father and grandfather; family photographs; and unpublished manuscripts by Wilson.  ","Most of the letters are handwritten. But starting in 1906, typewritten letters become more frequent. The roles of African Americans at the University of Virginia are mentioned several times in his letters.","The rest of the papers include three published books written by Albert Frederick Wilson including 'Pok O' Moonshine', 'The Township Line', and 'Higher than the Wind can Blow', letters of correspondence between him and his wife, academic papers, testimonials about Albert Sherwood Wilson and his teaching positions, a copy of the April 1917 \"University of Virginia Magazine,\" a scrapbook filled with reviews on Albert Frederick Wilson's book 'Pok O' Moonshine', photographs of the family, as well as various other documents which explore the lives of the Wilson family.","Albert Frederick Wilson's first letter describes his trip down to Virginia by train from New Jersey, with a stopover in Washington. He describes his first impressions of the University of Virginia, as well as including some disparaging remarks about the African American citizens of Charlottesville and the Southern drawl of Virginia's speakers (September 13, 1903). Wilson describes his boarding experience with a doctor's family, who he was surprised to discover were Baptists and \"very religious (quite a novelty here)\" (September 17, 1903). He also mentions that the cost of living was cheaper in Charlottesville, Virginia, than in Newark, New Jersey, where his family lived (September ?, 1903).","There are various references to him going to a Baptist church, including a black church in the area (September 14, 1903). This letter also mentions going to a YMCA located near the University of Virginia to see the list of available boarding houses where he found a  boarding house on West Main Street run by a doctor's wife. He appears to have boarded first with the family of Dr. Jones and later with the family of Dr. Roy K. Flanagan, but it is unclear when he changed his boarding situationhouses. He also describes Professor Noah Davis and how he managed to get into his class, normally not open to first years (September 14, 1903).","In a letter, October 11, 1903, Wilson describes his ride by horseback out to Monticello (October 11, 1903). He also gives his impressions of an African American religious revival held in Charlottesville, Virginia (December 7, 1903).","In 1904, A. Frederick was involved in various clubs at the University, and attended events such as the Peabody music recital by the Young Men's Christian Association. Wilson mentions hearing one of their guest speakers (January 25, 1904). In one letter, Albert expressed anger towards Dr. Kent because he sent him to the Chairman's office for not doing exercises from which he thought he was excused (November 4, 1904). This letter also mentions hearing the speech by a lawyer, Mr. Lee, who was representing a prisoner on trial for a murder in the area. He was also heavily involved in the Glee Club and his participation continued until graduation (November 18, 1904). ","                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Wilson give an itinerary for the Glee Club which was traveling to Staunton, Virginia, for a concert (November 18, 1904) and other places on a musical tour (November 21 and 25, 1904). ","A. Frederick mentions several well known figures at the University of Virginia. This includes Edwin A. Alderman, the first president of the University of Virginia. He briefly mentions Alderman's selection as president (October 9, 1904). Another person he mentioned was Professor Kent, who was an English professor at the University. Frederick and Professor Kent worked together closely, and Kent is referenced in many of Wilson's letters while at the University. "," A letter written around November 25, 1904, describes Wilson finding a drunken student in the snow who had fallen and broken his ankle. Wilson helped him back to his rooms at Dawson's Row .","Wilson became a member of the Editorial Review Board (January 1-2, 1905). There are a lot of references in 1905 to a songbook A. Frederick had been trying to write and sell to groups or at events around grounds and he received the support of Dr. Kent for publishing the songbook (January 27, February 26, and November 3, 5, and 8, 1905). ","Wilson mentions correcting the proof of his essay for publication and reading one of his poems before Dr. Kent, who liked the poem (April 7, 1905). Wilson accompanied the Glee Club on the train to Crozet to perform at the Miller School, a large preparatory school in the Blue Ridge Mountains (January 21, 1905).","Eventually A. Frederick Wilson became known as a writer in the University of Virginia community. Wilson appeared twice in the \"Corks and Curls,\" the annual yearbook at the University of Virginia which began in 1888. This yearbook published different student creative works, including poems, short stories and cartoons (May 16, 1905). He was also heavily involved with the editing staff of the \"University of Virginia Magazine,\" as an Associate Editor. ","He mentions that the Editor in Chief, William McCulley James, went missing temporarily from the University and he had to locate the proof of the magazine, correct it and send it back to the publishers in two days (May 23, 1905). James continued as Editor in Chief through the spring of 1906. A. Frederick Wilson became the Editor in Chief the fall of 1906. Wilson had high hopes of receiving one of the medals for his literary work, which he apparently did (June 10, 15, 1905).","A. Frederick was also involved with the Glee club in 1905. He described the preparation and surrounding events for the inauguration of President Alderman, which included a procession of students, alumni, visiting professors and university presidents, the Alderman family, and then the Governor and Alderman. Wilson mentions that he marched with the Glee Club in this procession (April 17, 1905).","A. Frederick's letters also mention various roles that African Americans filled on grounds during the early twentieth century and his own involvement with them this year. Some of these letters use offensive and racist language. Wilson mentions that an African American man delivered a surprise Valentine box from his folks (February 17, 1905).  Wilson also searched for the music used in a popular but demeaning minstrel song that was also used in several other songs in Virginia, which he wanted to include in his songbook (March 10, 1905). He also mentions hiring an African American man to press his new suit before the inauguration of Alderman. When he did not return it to him by the morning of the inauguration, Wilson tracked him down in a panic and found him inebriated on a side street. After Wilson threatened physical violence, the older man finally located the clothes in a pool room unharmed (April 17, 1905).","Letters from 1906 have additional mentions of the songbook that he was attempting to publish. In one, he sends the songbook to an editor in January and attempts to get it published; however, he refuses to put any money down for it. The editor tells him he must help pay for it, especially because it is a college book (January 19, 1906). He eventually does get it published and shipped to him with the title \"Songs of the University of Virginia\" (March 16, 1906; May 25, 27, 1906). ","Wilson mentions that he gave President Alderman one of his  songbooks, and Alderman praised it during a meeting of the entire student body where  Alderman also discussed the new Carnegie pipe organ soon to be completed in Cabell Hall (October 30, 1906). He also used the songbook in the Glee Club events to promote its sale(November 2, 1906).","A. Frederick was involved in several other extracurricular activities this year. He attended baseball games against Yale which the University of Virginia won (April 19, 1906) and Princeton which game they lost (April 13, 1906). He was also still working with the \"University of Virginia Magazine\" editorial team and became Editor in Chief (June 10, 1906). He writes that the magazine got first place in college magazines for 1906 (November 2, 1906). ","He considered getting involved with a fraternity called Alpha Delta Phi, which is still currently active at the University of Virginia.  Apparently Dr. Kent had close connections to this fraternity and wished that A. Frederick would join it. The cost to be in the fraternity was twenty dollars at the time which he was unwilling or unable to pay (November 30, 1906).","A. Frederick Wilson refers to his work teaching at the University, probably his Teaching Assistant position with Dr. Kent (October 1, 1906). A. Frederick mentions that he was forced to pay a matriculation fee of ten dollars and a receipt for this has survived (October 18, 1906).","There is also a reference to an African American woman in one of his letters. The room he received when he returned to the University of Virginia had bedbugs in it, so they sent for the woman to come and clean it before he moved in (November 9, 1906).","In 1907, A. Frederick was very active with the Glee Club. In one letter, he mentions that the Glee club got its name from an older club that had formed in the University of Virginia in 1888 (April 22, 1907). He writes that the Glee Club would be giving their first concert in February (January 27, 1907). ","On March 11, 1907, he also mentions the itinerary for the upcoming Glee Club trip in April, chiefly in Virginia. Starting on April 4th, they were going to sing at Sweet Briar College, Lynchburg Woman's College and Roanoke where they would be performing in two places, a girl's school and a theatre. Then they went to Danville, Virginia, Washington,D.C. and finally, performed two concerts in Richmond and two in Norfolk (March 11, 1907). ","In a letter on April 8th, he mentions the Glee club performed at a theater in Staunton, attended by students from Mary Baldwin College. There is a small newspaper clipping about the performance at Rawlins (April 8, 15, 1907).","A. Frederick continued his involvment in other extracurricular activities as well. A. Frederick became the Editor in Chief of the \"University of Virginia Magazine\" this year. He mentions that his  publications in the magazine had brought him a good deal of fame on grounds (April 27, 1907). ","A. Frederick became a member of the Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity (January 18, 1907) and wrote a song for one of the banquets they held (January 21, 1907). He also describes the \"annual spring goating\" or initiation activities of one of the law fraternities, including a mock court on the Rotunda steps (April 1, 1907)","A. Frederick mentions rumors that he was being considered for several honors for his work at the University of Virginia this year, including the Raven Society (January 15, 1907). He also mentions that he won the Edgar Allen Poe award for best short story for \"The Tea Machine\" (June 11, 1907).","Frederick wrote about a student being dismissed at the University of Virginia by the Honor Committee for breaking the honor code. The student appealed for and got a public trial by a jury of alumni (March 21, 1907). This letter furnishes some insight on the working of the honor system at the time. His letters have several mentions of the baseball season (May 4, 15, 1907).","In the summer of 1907, A. Frederick talks about  his upcoming camping trip with the Flanagans and a group of friends in the mountains, at Sugar Hollow near Moorman's River, Albemarle County, Virginia (May 16, 1907; June 6, 11, 18, 1907).","Prior to 1883, Albert Sherwood Wilson was the principal of a school in Bridgeport, Connecticut for over 20 years. In 1883, he taught first grade at Glen Cove Long Island, New York, where he eventually became principal.  In one letter, June 28, 1889, he mentions Albert Barnum Wilson, who was the father of Albert Frederick Wilson. Albert Barnum Wilson was teaching in Newark, New Jersey and was a principal of one of the schools there during this time. Albert Sherwood Wilson had moved to Newark due to this and obtained a current certificate qualifying him to teach in New Jersey. Also present is a note of thanks to Wilson for his work as Chorister at his church.","Works include \"Pok O' Moonshine\" and \"The Township Line.\"","His children include Geoffrey, Sloan, and Sherwood.","On printed stationery for the International Press Exhibition, American Committee, Lee's letter mentions a nice review for one of Wilson's books by Helen Parsons who covers the theater for \"Long Island Life\" and was an old student of theirs.","Photographs include images of A. Frederick Wilson when he was a professor at New York University's School of Journalism. One of these images includes him on a horse in New Canaan, Connecticut and another of him at his summer home in Ticonderoga, New York. There is also an image of multiple people on a ship in this folder. In 1932, Wilson and his family went to France for a year. H.G. Wells was allegedly on their ship, and we have a photograph of the entire group of passengers, so presumably this included Wells as one of the people in this photograph.","Albert is also portrayed with his family circa 1930 in a location called Ormond Beach, Florida. This was the location of one of Ruth's homes and was a well-known house in Florida, once being owned by John D. Rockefeller. ","Sheet 1 contains many images of the family when they went to France for a year in 1932. There are also various photographs of A. Frederick Wilson taken in locations such as Rogers Rock, Lake George, New York, where he died in 1940; Daytona Beach,Florida, where Wilson and his family had moved; and other locations. There are also a few images of Wilson and his children when he was a professor. ","Sheet 2 contains many images of A. Frederick Wilson when he was a professor. Many of these images are taken in various locations in New York as well as in Florida. There are images of his wife, Ruth, and his children including Geoffrey Wilson, Mary Sherwood Wilson and Sloan Wilson. ","Sheet 3 contains images of Wilson's ancestors including his mother Mary, his great-grandfather, Robert Wilson, his great-aunt and uncle, Amelia Greene and George Greene, his father Albert Barnum Wilson, and others.  Most of these were taken in Connecticut. ","Sheet 4 contains various photographs of Wilson when he took a trip to France with his family in 1932.","Includes voting cards for editor of the \"The University of Virginia Magazine,\" report cards, registration cards, lists of classes taken, and a copy of his graduation certificate.","Copies of publishedd material transferred to Rare Books include three books by Wilson, \"The Township Line\" (1919), \"Pok O' Moonshine\" (1927) and \"Higher Than the Wind Can Blow\" (1934).","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS .16340","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/997"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Albert Frederick Wilson papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Albert Frederick Wilson papers"],"collection_ssim":["Albert Frederick Wilson papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the University of Virginia Special Collections Library by Dr. Timothy D. Wilson on July 27, 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["University of Virginia -- Alumni","University of Virginia -- Department of English","African Americans -- Virginia","University of Virginia -- Faculty","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University of Virginia -- Alumni","University of Virginia -- Department of English","African Americans -- Virginia","University of Virginia -- Faculty","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["good"],"extent_ssm":["1.5 Cubic Feet 3 legal document boxes and 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["1.5 Cubic Feet 3 legal document boxes and 1 oversize folder"],"genreform_ssim":["University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Wilson family papers include various letters and information about family members from the years 1840 until approximately 1934. These family members include Albert Sherwood Wilson (1818-1894), his grandson Albert Frederick Wilson (1883-1940), Ruth Danenhower (1887-1974) the wife of Albert Frederick Wilson, Mary A. Wilson the mother of Albert Frederick Wilson, as well as various other correspondents including Albert Frederick Wilson's sisters and children.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlbert Frederick studied at the University from 1902-1907. There he was very involved in extracurricular activities, including the Glee Club, a fraternity called Phi Sigma Kappa, as well as the \"University of Virginia Magazine,\" becoming the editor in chief in 1907.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlbert Frederick Wilson taught at the School of Journalism at New York University. There he met Ruth Danenhower (1887-1974) when she was a student in his class, and they were married in 1916. They had three children, Sherwood, Geoffrey, and Sloan.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Wilson family papers include various letters and information about family members from the years 1840 until approximately 1934. These family members include Albert Sherwood Wilson (1818-1894), his grandson Albert Frederick Wilson (1883-1940), Ruth Danenhower (1887-1974) the wife of Albert Frederick Wilson, Mary A. Wilson the mother of Albert Frederick Wilson, as well as various other correspondents including Albert Frederick Wilson's sisters and children.","Albert Frederick studied at the University from 1902-1907. There he was very involved in extracurricular activities, including the Glee Club, a fraternity called Phi Sigma Kappa, as well as the \"University of Virginia Magazine,\" becoming the editor in chief in 1907.","Albert Frederick Wilson taught at the School of Journalism at New York University. There he met Ruth Danenhower (1887-1974) when she was a student in his class, and they were married in 1916. They had three children, Sherwood, Geoffrey, and Sloan."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis material contains racist language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning"],"odd_tesim":["This material contains racist language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOccasionally there were empty envelopes present in the collection that we could not match with letters. Since they were not numerous, we have left them with the letters by the date stamped on the envelopes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis letter was damaged by mold and torn. The Preservation team did some work on the letter to address the mold problem and it was placed in mylar to furnish added protection and support.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs are attached to large sheets, which were put inside large mylar L-sleeves for preservation. Each sheet has a typed description provided by the family, included in the oversize folder witht the folders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Occasionally there were empty envelopes present in the collection that we could not match with letters. Since they were not numerous, we have left them with the letters by the date stamped on the envelopes.","This letter was damaged by mold and torn. The Preservation team did some work on the letter to address the mold problem and it was placed in mylar to furnish added protection and support.","Photographs are attached to large sheets, which were put inside large mylar L-sleeves for preservation. Each sheet has a typed description provided by the family, included in the oversize folder witht the folders."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers chiefly consist of letters Albert Frederick Wilson (1883-1940) sent to his mother in New Jersey while a student at the University of Virginia. There is also some correspondence from Wilson's father and grandfather; family photographs; and unpublished manuscripts by Wilson.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMost of the letters are handwritten. But starting in 1906, typewritten letters become more frequent. The roles of African Americans at the University of Virginia are mentioned several times in his letters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe rest of the papers include three published books written by Albert Frederick Wilson including 'Pok O' Moonshine', 'The Township Line', and 'Higher than the Wind can Blow', letters of correspondence between him and his wife, academic papers, testimonials about Albert Sherwood Wilson and his teaching positions, a copy of the April 1917 \"University of Virginia Magazine,\" a scrapbook filled with reviews on Albert Frederick Wilson's book 'Pok O' Moonshine', photographs of the family, as well as various other documents which explore the lives of the Wilson family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlbert Frederick Wilson's first letter describes his trip down to Virginia by train from New Jersey, with a stopover in Washington. He describes his first impressions of the University of Virginia, as well as including some disparaging remarks about the African American citizens of Charlottesville and the Southern drawl of Virginia's speakers (September 13, 1903). Wilson describes his boarding experience with a doctor's family, who he was surprised to discover were Baptists and \"very religious (quite a novelty here)\" (September 17, 1903). He also mentions that the cost of living was cheaper in Charlottesville, Virginia, than in Newark, New Jersey, where his family lived (September ?, 1903).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are various references to him going to a Baptist church, including a black church in the area (September 14, 1903). This letter also mentions going to a YMCA located near the University of Virginia to see the list of available boarding houses where he found a  boarding house on West Main Street run by a doctor's wife. He appears to have boarded first with the family of Dr. Jones and later with the family of Dr. Roy K. Flanagan, but it is unclear when he changed his boarding situationhouses. He also describes Professor Noah Davis and how he managed to get into his class, normally not open to first years (September 14, 1903).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn a letter, October 11, 1903, Wilson describes his ride by horseback out to Monticello (October 11, 1903). He also gives his impressions of an African American religious revival held in Charlottesville, Virginia (December 7, 1903).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1904, A. Frederick was involved in various clubs at the University, and attended events such as the Peabody music recital by the Young Men's Christian Association. Wilson mentions hearing one of their guest speakers (January 25, 1904). In one letter, Albert expressed anger towards Dr. Kent because he sent him to the Chairman's office for not doing exercises from which he thought he was excused (November 4, 1904). This letter also mentions hearing the speech by a lawyer, Mr. Lee, who was representing a prisoner on trial for a murder in the area. He was also heavily involved in the Glee Club and his participation continued until graduation (November 18, 1904). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Wilson give an itinerary for the Glee Club which was traveling to Staunton, Virginia, for a concert (November 18, 1904) and other places on a musical tour (November 21 and 25, 1904). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA. Frederick mentions several well known figures at the University of Virginia. This includes Edwin A. Alderman, the first president of the University of Virginia. He briefly mentions Alderman's selection as president (October 9, 1904). Another person he mentioned was Professor Kent, who was an English professor at the University. Frederick and Professor Kent worked together closely, and Kent is referenced in many of Wilson's letters while at the University. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e A letter written around November 25, 1904, describes Wilson finding a drunken student in the snow who had fallen and broken his ankle. Wilson helped him back to his rooms at Dawson's Row .\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilson became a member of the Editorial Review Board (January 1-2, 1905). There are a lot of references in 1905 to a songbook A. Frederick had been trying to write and sell to groups or at events around grounds and he received the support of Dr. Kent for publishing the songbook (January 27, February 26, and November 3, 5, and 8, 1905). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilson mentions correcting the proof of his essay for publication and reading one of his poems before Dr. Kent, who liked the poem (April 7, 1905). Wilson accompanied the Glee Club on the train to Crozet to perform at the Miller School, a large preparatory school in the Blue Ridge Mountains (January 21, 1905).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEventually A. Frederick Wilson became known as a writer in the University of Virginia community. Wilson appeared twice in the \"Corks and Curls,\" the annual yearbook at the University of Virginia which began in 1888. This yearbook published different student creative works, including poems, short stories and cartoons (May 16, 1905). He was also heavily involved with the editing staff of the \"University of Virginia Magazine,\" as an Associate Editor. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe mentions that the Editor in Chief, William McCulley James, went missing temporarily from the University and he had to locate the proof of the magazine, correct it and send it back to the publishers in two days (May 23, 1905). James continued as Editor in Chief through the spring of 1906. A. Frederick Wilson became the Editor in Chief the fall of 1906. Wilson had high hopes of receiving one of the medals for his literary work, which he apparently did (June 10, 15, 1905).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA. Frederick was also involved with the Glee club in 1905. He described the preparation and surrounding events for the inauguration of President Alderman, which included a procession of students, alumni, visiting professors and university presidents, the Alderman family, and then the Governor and Alderman. Wilson mentions that he marched with the Glee Club in this procession (April 17, 1905).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA. Frederick's letters also mention various roles that African Americans filled on grounds during the early twentieth century and his own involvement with them this year. Some of these letters use offensive and racist language. Wilson mentions that an African American man delivered a surprise Valentine box from his folks (February 17, 1905).  Wilson also searched for the music used in a popular but demeaning minstrel song that was also used in several other songs in Virginia, which he wanted to include in his songbook (March 10, 1905). He also mentions hiring an African American man to press his new suit before the inauguration of Alderman. When he did not return it to him by the morning of the inauguration, Wilson tracked him down in a panic and found him inebriated on a side street. After Wilson threatened physical violence, the older man finally located the clothes in a pool room unharmed (April 17, 1905).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters from 1906 have additional mentions of the songbook that he was attempting to publish. In one, he sends the songbook to an editor in January and attempts to get it published; however, he refuses to put any money down for it. The editor tells him he must help pay for it, especially because it is a college book (January 19, 1906). He eventually does get it published and shipped to him with the title \"Songs of the University of Virginia\" (March 16, 1906; May 25, 27, 1906). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilson mentions that he gave President Alderman one of his  songbooks, and Alderman praised it during a meeting of the entire student body where  Alderman also discussed the new Carnegie pipe organ soon to be completed in Cabell Hall (October 30, 1906). He also used the songbook in the Glee Club events to promote its sale(November 2, 1906).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA. Frederick was involved in several other extracurricular activities this year. He attended baseball games against Yale which the University of Virginia won (April 19, 1906) and Princeton which game they lost (April 13, 1906). He was also still working with the \"University of Virginia Magazine\" editorial team and became Editor in Chief (June 10, 1906). He writes that the magazine got first place in college magazines for 1906 (November 2, 1906). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe considered getting involved with a fraternity called Alpha Delta Phi, which is still currently active at the University of Virginia.  Apparently Dr. Kent had close connections to this fraternity and wished that A. Frederick would join it. The cost to be in the fraternity was twenty dollars at the time which he was unwilling or unable to pay (November 30, 1906).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA. Frederick Wilson refers to his work teaching at the University, probably his Teaching Assistant position with Dr. Kent (October 1, 1906). A. Frederick mentions that he was forced to pay a matriculation fee of ten dollars and a receipt for this has survived (October 18, 1906).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also a reference to an African American woman in one of his letters. The room he received when he returned to the University of Virginia had bedbugs in it, so they sent for the woman to come and clean it before he moved in (November 9, 1906).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1907, A. Frederick was very active with the Glee Club. In one letter, he mentions that the Glee club got its name from an older club that had formed in the University of Virginia in 1888 (April 22, 1907). He writes that the Glee Club would be giving their first concert in February (January 27, 1907). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn March 11, 1907, he also mentions the itinerary for the upcoming Glee Club trip in April, chiefly in Virginia. Starting on April 4th, they were going to sing at Sweet Briar College, Lynchburg Woman's College and Roanoke where they would be performing in two places, a girl's school and a theatre. Then they went to Danville, Virginia, Washington,D.C. and finally, performed two concerts in Richmond and two in Norfolk (March 11, 1907). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn a letter on April 8th, he mentions the Glee club performed at a theater in Staunton, attended by students from Mary Baldwin College. There is a small newspaper clipping about the performance at Rawlins (April 8, 15, 1907).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA. Frederick continued his involvment in other extracurricular activities as well. A. Frederick became the Editor in Chief of the \"University of Virginia Magazine\" this year. He mentions that his  publications in the magazine had brought him a good deal of fame on grounds (April 27, 1907). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA. Frederick became a member of the Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity (January 18, 1907) and wrote a song for one of the banquets they held (January 21, 1907). He also describes the \"annual spring goating\" or initiation activities of one of the law fraternities, including a mock court on the Rotunda steps (April 1, 1907)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA. Frederick mentions rumors that he was being considered for several honors for his work at the University of Virginia this year, including the Raven Society (January 15, 1907). He also mentions that he won the Edgar Allen Poe award for best short story for \"The Tea Machine\" (June 11, 1907).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrederick wrote about a student being dismissed at the University of Virginia by the Honor Committee for breaking the honor code. The student appealed for and got a public trial by a jury of alumni (March 21, 1907). This letter furnishes some insight on the working of the honor system at the time. His letters have several mentions of the baseball season (May 4, 15, 1907).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the summer of 1907, A. Frederick talks about  his upcoming camping trip with the Flanagans and a group of friends in the mountains, at Sugar Hollow near Moorman's River, Albemarle County, Virginia (May 16, 1907; June 6, 11, 18, 1907).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrior to 1883, Albert Sherwood Wilson was the principal of a school in Bridgeport, Connecticut for over 20 years. In 1883, he taught first grade at Glen Cove Long Island, New York, where he eventually became principal.  In one letter, June 28, 1889, he mentions Albert Barnum Wilson, who was the father of Albert Frederick Wilson. Albert Barnum Wilson was teaching in Newark, New Jersey and was a principal of one of the schools there during this time. Albert Sherwood Wilson had moved to Newark due to this and obtained a current certificate qualifying him to teach in New Jersey. Also present is a note of thanks to Wilson for his work as Chorister at his church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWorks include \"Pok O' Moonshine\" and \"The Township Line.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHis children include Geoffrey, Sloan, and Sherwood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn printed stationery for the International Press Exhibition, American Committee, Lee's letter mentions a nice review for one of Wilson's books by Helen Parsons who covers the theater for \"Long Island Life\" and was an old student of theirs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs include images of A. Frederick Wilson when he was a professor at New York University's School of Journalism. One of these images includes him on a horse in New Canaan, Connecticut and another of him at his summer home in Ticonderoga, New York. There is also an image of multiple people on a ship in this folder. In 1932, Wilson and his family went to France for a year. H.G. Wells was allegedly on their ship, and we have a photograph of the entire group of passengers, so presumably this included Wells as one of the people in this photograph.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlbert is also portrayed with his family circa 1930 in a location called Ormond Beach, Florida. This was the location of one of Ruth's homes and was a well-known house in Florida, once being owned by John D. Rockefeller. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSheet 1 contains many images of the family when they went to France for a year in 1932. There are also various photographs of A. Frederick Wilson taken in locations such as Rogers Rock, Lake George, New York, where he died in 1940; Daytona Beach,Florida, where Wilson and his family had moved; and other locations. There are also a few images of Wilson and his children when he was a professor. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSheet 2 contains many images of A. Frederick Wilson when he was a professor. Many of these images are taken in various locations in New York as well as in Florida. There are images of his wife, Ruth, and his children including Geoffrey Wilson, Mary Sherwood Wilson and Sloan Wilson. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSheet 3 contains images of Wilson's ancestors including his mother Mary, his great-grandfather, Robert Wilson, his great-aunt and uncle, Amelia Greene and George Greene, his father Albert Barnum Wilson, and others.  Most of these were taken in Connecticut. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSheet 4 contains various photographs of Wilson when he took a trip to France with his family in 1932.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes voting cards for editor of the \"The University of Virginia Magazine,\" report cards, registration cards, lists of classes taken, and a copy of his graduation certificate.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers chiefly consist of letters Albert Frederick Wilson (1883-1940) sent to his mother in New Jersey while a student at the University of Virginia. There is also some correspondence from Wilson's father and grandfather; family photographs; and unpublished manuscripts by Wilson.  ","Most of the letters are handwritten. But starting in 1906, typewritten letters become more frequent. The roles of African Americans at the University of Virginia are mentioned several times in his letters.","The rest of the papers include three published books written by Albert Frederick Wilson including 'Pok O' Moonshine', 'The Township Line', and 'Higher than the Wind can Blow', letters of correspondence between him and his wife, academic papers, testimonials about Albert Sherwood Wilson and his teaching positions, a copy of the April 1917 \"University of Virginia Magazine,\" a scrapbook filled with reviews on Albert Frederick Wilson's book 'Pok O' Moonshine', photographs of the family, as well as various other documents which explore the lives of the Wilson family.","Albert Frederick Wilson's first letter describes his trip down to Virginia by train from New Jersey, with a stopover in Washington. He describes his first impressions of the University of Virginia, as well as including some disparaging remarks about the African American citizens of Charlottesville and the Southern drawl of Virginia's speakers (September 13, 1903). Wilson describes his boarding experience with a doctor's family, who he was surprised to discover were Baptists and \"very religious (quite a novelty here)\" (September 17, 1903). He also mentions that the cost of living was cheaper in Charlottesville, Virginia, than in Newark, New Jersey, where his family lived (September ?, 1903).","There are various references to him going to a Baptist church, including a black church in the area (September 14, 1903). This letter also mentions going to a YMCA located near the University of Virginia to see the list of available boarding houses where he found a  boarding house on West Main Street run by a doctor's wife. He appears to have boarded first with the family of Dr. Jones and later with the family of Dr. Roy K. Flanagan, but it is unclear when he changed his boarding situationhouses. He also describes Professor Noah Davis and how he managed to get into his class, normally not open to first years (September 14, 1903).","In a letter, October 11, 1903, Wilson describes his ride by horseback out to Monticello (October 11, 1903). He also gives his impressions of an African American religious revival held in Charlottesville, Virginia (December 7, 1903).","In 1904, A. Frederick was involved in various clubs at the University, and attended events such as the Peabody music recital by the Young Men's Christian Association. Wilson mentions hearing one of their guest speakers (January 25, 1904). In one letter, Albert expressed anger towards Dr. Kent because he sent him to the Chairman's office for not doing exercises from which he thought he was excused (November 4, 1904). This letter also mentions hearing the speech by a lawyer, Mr. Lee, who was representing a prisoner on trial for a murder in the area. He was also heavily involved in the Glee Club and his participation continued until graduation (November 18, 1904). ","                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Wilson give an itinerary for the Glee Club which was traveling to Staunton, Virginia, for a concert (November 18, 1904) and other places on a musical tour (November 21 and 25, 1904). ","A. Frederick mentions several well known figures at the University of Virginia. This includes Edwin A. Alderman, the first president of the University of Virginia. He briefly mentions Alderman's selection as president (October 9, 1904). Another person he mentioned was Professor Kent, who was an English professor at the University. Frederick and Professor Kent worked together closely, and Kent is referenced in many of Wilson's letters while at the University. "," A letter written around November 25, 1904, describes Wilson finding a drunken student in the snow who had fallen and broken his ankle. Wilson helped him back to his rooms at Dawson's Row .","Wilson became a member of the Editorial Review Board (January 1-2, 1905). There are a lot of references in 1905 to a songbook A. Frederick had been trying to write and sell to groups or at events around grounds and he received the support of Dr. Kent for publishing the songbook (January 27, February 26, and November 3, 5, and 8, 1905). ","Wilson mentions correcting the proof of his essay for publication and reading one of his poems before Dr. Kent, who liked the poem (April 7, 1905). Wilson accompanied the Glee Club on the train to Crozet to perform at the Miller School, a large preparatory school in the Blue Ridge Mountains (January 21, 1905).","Eventually A. Frederick Wilson became known as a writer in the University of Virginia community. Wilson appeared twice in the \"Corks and Curls,\" the annual yearbook at the University of Virginia which began in 1888. This yearbook published different student creative works, including poems, short stories and cartoons (May 16, 1905). He was also heavily involved with the editing staff of the \"University of Virginia Magazine,\" as an Associate Editor. ","He mentions that the Editor in Chief, William McCulley James, went missing temporarily from the University and he had to locate the proof of the magazine, correct it and send it back to the publishers in two days (May 23, 1905). James continued as Editor in Chief through the spring of 1906. A. Frederick Wilson became the Editor in Chief the fall of 1906. Wilson had high hopes of receiving one of the medals for his literary work, which he apparently did (June 10, 15, 1905).","A. Frederick was also involved with the Glee club in 1905. He described the preparation and surrounding events for the inauguration of President Alderman, which included a procession of students, alumni, visiting professors and university presidents, the Alderman family, and then the Governor and Alderman. Wilson mentions that he marched with the Glee Club in this procession (April 17, 1905).","A. Frederick's letters also mention various roles that African Americans filled on grounds during the early twentieth century and his own involvement with them this year. Some of these letters use offensive and racist language. Wilson mentions that an African American man delivered a surprise Valentine box from his folks (February 17, 1905).  Wilson also searched for the music used in a popular but demeaning minstrel song that was also used in several other songs in Virginia, which he wanted to include in his songbook (March 10, 1905). He also mentions hiring an African American man to press his new suit before the inauguration of Alderman. When he did not return it to him by the morning of the inauguration, Wilson tracked him down in a panic and found him inebriated on a side street. After Wilson threatened physical violence, the older man finally located the clothes in a pool room unharmed (April 17, 1905).","Letters from 1906 have additional mentions of the songbook that he was attempting to publish. In one, he sends the songbook to an editor in January and attempts to get it published; however, he refuses to put any money down for it. The editor tells him he must help pay for it, especially because it is a college book (January 19, 1906). He eventually does get it published and shipped to him with the title \"Songs of the University of Virginia\" (March 16, 1906; May 25, 27, 1906). ","Wilson mentions that he gave President Alderman one of his  songbooks, and Alderman praised it during a meeting of the entire student body where  Alderman also discussed the new Carnegie pipe organ soon to be completed in Cabell Hall (October 30, 1906). He also used the songbook in the Glee Club events to promote its sale(November 2, 1906).","A. Frederick was involved in several other extracurricular activities this year. He attended baseball games against Yale which the University of Virginia won (April 19, 1906) and Princeton which game they lost (April 13, 1906). He was also still working with the \"University of Virginia Magazine\" editorial team and became Editor in Chief (June 10, 1906). He writes that the magazine got first place in college magazines for 1906 (November 2, 1906). ","He considered getting involved with a fraternity called Alpha Delta Phi, which is still currently active at the University of Virginia.  Apparently Dr. Kent had close connections to this fraternity and wished that A. Frederick would join it. The cost to be in the fraternity was twenty dollars at the time which he was unwilling or unable to pay (November 30, 1906).","A. Frederick Wilson refers to his work teaching at the University, probably his Teaching Assistant position with Dr. Kent (October 1, 1906). A. Frederick mentions that he was forced to pay a matriculation fee of ten dollars and a receipt for this has survived (October 18, 1906).","There is also a reference to an African American woman in one of his letters. The room he received when he returned to the University of Virginia had bedbugs in it, so they sent for the woman to come and clean it before he moved in (November 9, 1906).","In 1907, A. Frederick was very active with the Glee Club. In one letter, he mentions that the Glee club got its name from an older club that had formed in the University of Virginia in 1888 (April 22, 1907). He writes that the Glee Club would be giving their first concert in February (January 27, 1907). ","On March 11, 1907, he also mentions the itinerary for the upcoming Glee Club trip in April, chiefly in Virginia. Starting on April 4th, they were going to sing at Sweet Briar College, Lynchburg Woman's College and Roanoke where they would be performing in two places, a girl's school and a theatre. Then they went to Danville, Virginia, Washington,D.C. and finally, performed two concerts in Richmond and two in Norfolk (March 11, 1907). ","In a letter on April 8th, he mentions the Glee club performed at a theater in Staunton, attended by students from Mary Baldwin College. There is a small newspaper clipping about the performance at Rawlins (April 8, 15, 1907).","A. Frederick continued his involvment in other extracurricular activities as well. A. Frederick became the Editor in Chief of the \"University of Virginia Magazine\" this year. He mentions that his  publications in the magazine had brought him a good deal of fame on grounds (April 27, 1907). ","A. Frederick became a member of the Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity (January 18, 1907) and wrote a song for one of the banquets they held (January 21, 1907). He also describes the \"annual spring goating\" or initiation activities of one of the law fraternities, including a mock court on the Rotunda steps (April 1, 1907)","A. Frederick mentions rumors that he was being considered for several honors for his work at the University of Virginia this year, including the Raven Society (January 15, 1907). He also mentions that he won the Edgar Allen Poe award for best short story for \"The Tea Machine\" (June 11, 1907).","Frederick wrote about a student being dismissed at the University of Virginia by the Honor Committee for breaking the honor code. The student appealed for and got a public trial by a jury of alumni (March 21, 1907). This letter furnishes some insight on the working of the honor system at the time. His letters have several mentions of the baseball season (May 4, 15, 1907).","In the summer of 1907, A. Frederick talks about  his upcoming camping trip with the Flanagans and a group of friends in the mountains, at Sugar Hollow near Moorman's River, Albemarle County, Virginia (May 16, 1907; June 6, 11, 18, 1907).","Prior to 1883, Albert Sherwood Wilson was the principal of a school in Bridgeport, Connecticut for over 20 years. In 1883, he taught first grade at Glen Cove Long Island, New York, where he eventually became principal.  In one letter, June 28, 1889, he mentions Albert Barnum Wilson, who was the father of Albert Frederick Wilson. Albert Barnum Wilson was teaching in Newark, New Jersey and was a principal of one of the schools there during this time. Albert Sherwood Wilson had moved to Newark due to this and obtained a current certificate qualifying him to teach in New Jersey. Also present is a note of thanks to Wilson for his work as Chorister at his church.","Works include \"Pok O' Moonshine\" and \"The Township Line.\"","His children include Geoffrey, Sloan, and Sherwood.","On printed stationery for the International Press Exhibition, American Committee, Lee's letter mentions a nice review for one of Wilson's books by Helen Parsons who covers the theater for \"Long Island Life\" and was an old student of theirs.","Photographs include images of A. Frederick Wilson when he was a professor at New York University's School of Journalism. One of these images includes him on a horse in New Canaan, Connecticut and another of him at his summer home in Ticonderoga, New York. There is also an image of multiple people on a ship in this folder. In 1932, Wilson and his family went to France for a year. H.G. Wells was allegedly on their ship, and we have a photograph of the entire group of passengers, so presumably this included Wells as one of the people in this photograph.","Albert is also portrayed with his family circa 1930 in a location called Ormond Beach, Florida. This was the location of one of Ruth's homes and was a well-known house in Florida, once being owned by John D. Rockefeller. ","Sheet 1 contains many images of the family when they went to France for a year in 1932. There are also various photographs of A. Frederick Wilson taken in locations such as Rogers Rock, Lake George, New York, where he died in 1940; Daytona Beach,Florida, where Wilson and his family had moved; and other locations. There are also a few images of Wilson and his children when he was a professor. ","Sheet 2 contains many images of A. Frederick Wilson when he was a professor. Many of these images are taken in various locations in New York as well as in Florida. There are images of his wife, Ruth, and his children including Geoffrey Wilson, Mary Sherwood Wilson and Sloan Wilson. ","Sheet 3 contains images of Wilson's ancestors including his mother Mary, his great-grandfather, Robert Wilson, his great-aunt and uncle, Amelia Greene and George Greene, his father Albert Barnum Wilson, and others.  Most of these were taken in Connecticut. ","Sheet 4 contains various photographs of Wilson when he took a trip to France with his family in 1932.","Includes voting cards for editor of the \"The University of Virginia Magazine,\" report cards, registration cards, lists of classes taken, and a copy of his graduation certificate."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopies of publishedd material transferred to Rare Books include three books by Wilson, \"The Township Line\" (1919), \"Pok O' Moonshine\" (1927) and \"Higher Than the Wind Can Blow\" (1934).\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Copies of publishedd material transferred to Rare Books include three books by Wilson, \"The Township Line\" (1919), \"Pok O' Moonshine\" (1927) and \"Higher Than the Wind Can Blow\" (1934)."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":19,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:52:44.752Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_997"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1708","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1708#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Bluestone Harmony Association","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1708#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains one catalog for the Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School from 1935-1936, two Minutes of the annual session of the Harmony Baptist Sunday School Convention: 45th (1941), 46th (1942), and fourteen minutes of the annual session of the Bluestone Baptist Association: 39th (1910), 43rd (1914), 50th (1921), 51st (1922), 52nd (1923), 53rd (1924), 55th (1926), 58th (1929), 59th (1930), 67th (1938), 69th (1940), 73rd (1944), 75th (1946), 91st (1963). \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1708#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1708","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1708","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1708","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1708","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1708.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/202313","title_filing_ssi":"Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection","title_ssm":["Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection"],"title_tesim":["Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1910-1963"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-1963"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16868","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1708"],"text":["MSS 16868","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1708","Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection","Virginia -- History -- 20th century","African American Baptists","African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia","African American schools","Fair. Some pamphlets are brittle, have detached covers, and have evidence of water damage.","The collection is open for research use.","Few black Virginians received a formal education until public schools were widely established during Reconstruction.The Virginia Constitution of 1870 mandated a system of public education for the first time. Public schools in Virginia were segregated from the outset, apparently without much thought or debate, on the widely held assumption that such an arrangement would deter conflict. Of course, public schools were segregated in many other states, both North and South. Southern black schools, however, were often dependent on funding from unsympathetic state and local governments controlled by whites, resulting in education programs with fewer resources for both students and teachers. Despite social and economic challenges, African Americans pursued education with great fervor.","The Bluestone Baptist Association was established around 1871, and an area of focus was the education of Black children in Charlotte, Lunenburg, and other surrounding counties. ","Successful in their creation of a school, the Harmony Association came into existence in 1877 for a similar goal. The two associations merged in 1900, and the Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School was established in Keysville, Virginia. ","Sources:\nVirginia Museum of History and Culture. Accessed 2/06/25\nhttps://virginiahistory.org/learn/civil-rights-movement-virginia/beginnings-black-education","Valentine Richmond History Center, Cook Collection","This collection contains one catalog for the Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School from 1935-1936, two Minutes of the annual session of the Harmony Baptist Sunday School Convention: 45th (1941), 46th (1942), and fourteen minutes of the annual session of the Bluestone Baptist Association: 39th (1910), 43rd (1914), 50th (1921), 51st (1922), 52nd (1923), 53rd (1924), 55th (1926), 58th (1929), 59th (1930), 67th (1938), 69th (1940), 73rd (1944), 75th (1946), 91st (1963). ","The minutes note church officers, constitutions of the associations, committee actions, and general announcements. The Bluestone Baptist Association was established around 1871, and an area of focus was the education of Black children in Charlotte, Lunenburg, and other surrounding counties. ","Successful in their creation of a school, the Harmony Association came into existence in 1877 for a similar goal. The two associations merged in 1900, and the Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School was established in Keysville, Virginia. ","In addition to the minutes and catalog is a folder of research complied by the seller, including photocopied portions of \"Charlotte County, Virginia: Historical, Statistical, and Present Attractions,\" \"History of the American Negro,\" \"Historic Architectural Survey of Charlotte County, Virginia,\" and \"The Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School.\" As well as printouts from the Bluestone Harmony Baptist Association and Ministries, Inc. ","Includes Announcements for 1935-1936","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Bluestone Harmony Association","Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School","Bluestone Baptist Association","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16868","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1708"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection"],"collection_ssim":["Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Bluestone Harmony Association","Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School","Bluestone Baptist Association"],"creator_ssim":["Bluestone Harmony Association","Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School","Bluestone Baptist Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Bluestone Harmony Association","Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School","Bluestone Baptist Association"],"creators_ssim":["Bluestone Harmony Association","Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School","Bluestone Baptist Association"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from McBride Books to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 23 August 2024."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American Baptists","African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia","African American schools"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American Baptists","African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia","African American schools"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair. Some pamphlets are brittle, have detached covers, and have evidence of water damage."],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Cubic Feet One half-width letter document box"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Cubic Feet One half-width letter document box"],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFew black Virginians received a formal education until public schools were widely established during Reconstruction.The Virginia Constitution of 1870 mandated a system of public education for the first time. Public schools in Virginia were segregated from the outset, apparently without much thought or debate, on the widely held assumption that such an arrangement would deter conflict. Of course, public schools were segregated in many other states, both North and South. Southern black schools, however, were often dependent on funding from unsympathetic state and local governments controlled by whites, resulting in education programs with fewer resources for both students and teachers. Despite social and economic challenges, African Americans pursued education with great fervor.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Bluestone Baptist Association was established around 1871, and an area of focus was the education of Black children in Charlotte, Lunenburg, and other surrounding counties. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSuccessful in their creation of a school, the Harmony Association came into existence in 1877 for a similar goal. The two associations merged in 1900, and the Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School was established in Keysville, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\nVirginia Museum of History and Culture. Accessed 2/06/25\nhttps://virginiahistory.org/learn/civil-rights-movement-virginia/beginnings-black-education\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eValentine Richmond History Center, Cook Collection\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Few black Virginians received a formal education until public schools were widely established during Reconstruction.The Virginia Constitution of 1870 mandated a system of public education for the first time. Public schools in Virginia were segregated from the outset, apparently without much thought or debate, on the widely held assumption that such an arrangement would deter conflict. Of course, public schools were segregated in many other states, both North and South. Southern black schools, however, were often dependent on funding from unsympathetic state and local governments controlled by whites, resulting in education programs with fewer resources for both students and teachers. Despite social and economic challenges, African Americans pursued education with great fervor.","The Bluestone Baptist Association was established around 1871, and an area of focus was the education of Black children in Charlotte, Lunenburg, and other surrounding counties. ","Successful in their creation of a school, the Harmony Association came into existence in 1877 for a similar goal. The two associations merged in 1900, and the Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School was established in Keysville, Virginia. ","Sources:\nVirginia Museum of History and Culture. Accessed 2/06/25\nhttps://virginiahistory.org/learn/civil-rights-movement-virginia/beginnings-black-education","Valentine Richmond History Center, Cook Collection"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16868, Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16868, Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains one catalog for the Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School from 1935-1936, two Minutes of the annual session of the Harmony Baptist Sunday School Convention: 45th (1941), 46th (1942), and fourteen minutes of the annual session of the Bluestone Baptist Association: 39th (1910), 43rd (1914), 50th (1921), 51st (1922), 52nd (1923), 53rd (1924), 55th (1926), 58th (1929), 59th (1930), 67th (1938), 69th (1940), 73rd (1944), 75th (1946), 91st (1963). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe minutes note church officers, constitutions of the associations, committee actions, and general announcements. The Bluestone Baptist Association was established around 1871, and an area of focus was the education of Black children in Charlotte, Lunenburg, and other surrounding counties. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSuccessful in their creation of a school, the Harmony Association came into existence in 1877 for a similar goal. The two associations merged in 1900, and the Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School was established in Keysville, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the minutes and catalog is a folder of research complied by the seller, including photocopied portions of \"Charlotte County, Virginia: Historical, Statistical, and Present Attractions,\" \"History of the American Negro,\" \"Historic Architectural Survey of Charlotte County, Virginia,\" and \"The Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School.\" As well as printouts from the Bluestone Harmony Baptist Association and Ministries, Inc. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes Announcements for 1935-1936\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains one catalog for the Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School from 1935-1936, two Minutes of the annual session of the Harmony Baptist Sunday School Convention: 45th (1941), 46th (1942), and fourteen minutes of the annual session of the Bluestone Baptist Association: 39th (1910), 43rd (1914), 50th (1921), 51st (1922), 52nd (1923), 53rd (1924), 55th (1926), 58th (1929), 59th (1930), 67th (1938), 69th (1940), 73rd (1944), 75th (1946), 91st (1963). ","The minutes note church officers, constitutions of the associations, committee actions, and general announcements. The Bluestone Baptist Association was established around 1871, and an area of focus was the education of Black children in Charlotte, Lunenburg, and other surrounding counties. ","Successful in their creation of a school, the Harmony Association came into existence in 1877 for a similar goal. The two associations merged in 1900, and the Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School was established in Keysville, Virginia. ","In addition to the minutes and catalog is a folder of research complied by the seller, including photocopied portions of \"Charlotte County, Virginia: Historical, Statistical, and Present Attractions,\" \"History of the American Negro,\" \"Historic Architectural Survey of Charlotte County, Virginia,\" and \"The Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School.\" As well as printouts from the Bluestone Harmony Baptist Association and Ministries, Inc. ","Includes Announcements for 1935-1936"],"names_coll_ssim":["Bluestone Harmony Association"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Bluestone Harmony Association","Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School","Bluestone Baptist Association"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Bluestone Harmony Association","Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School","Bluestone Baptist Association"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":8,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:33:37.307Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1708","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1708","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1708","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1708","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1708.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/202313","title_filing_ssi":"Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection","title_ssm":["Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection"],"title_tesim":["Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1910-1963"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-1963"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16868","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1708"],"text":["MSS 16868","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1708","Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection","Virginia -- History -- 20th century","African American Baptists","African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia","African American schools","Fair. Some pamphlets are brittle, have detached covers, and have evidence of water damage.","The collection is open for research use.","Few black Virginians received a formal education until public schools were widely established during Reconstruction.The Virginia Constitution of 1870 mandated a system of public education for the first time. Public schools in Virginia were segregated from the outset, apparently without much thought or debate, on the widely held assumption that such an arrangement would deter conflict. Of course, public schools were segregated in many other states, both North and South. Southern black schools, however, were often dependent on funding from unsympathetic state and local governments controlled by whites, resulting in education programs with fewer resources for both students and teachers. Despite social and economic challenges, African Americans pursued education with great fervor.","The Bluestone Baptist Association was established around 1871, and an area of focus was the education of Black children in Charlotte, Lunenburg, and other surrounding counties. ","Successful in their creation of a school, the Harmony Association came into existence in 1877 for a similar goal. The two associations merged in 1900, and the Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School was established in Keysville, Virginia. ","Sources:\nVirginia Museum of History and Culture. Accessed 2/06/25\nhttps://virginiahistory.org/learn/civil-rights-movement-virginia/beginnings-black-education","Valentine Richmond History Center, Cook Collection","This collection contains one catalog for the Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School from 1935-1936, two Minutes of the annual session of the Harmony Baptist Sunday School Convention: 45th (1941), 46th (1942), and fourteen minutes of the annual session of the Bluestone Baptist Association: 39th (1910), 43rd (1914), 50th (1921), 51st (1922), 52nd (1923), 53rd (1924), 55th (1926), 58th (1929), 59th (1930), 67th (1938), 69th (1940), 73rd (1944), 75th (1946), 91st (1963). ","The minutes note church officers, constitutions of the associations, committee actions, and general announcements. The Bluestone Baptist Association was established around 1871, and an area of focus was the education of Black children in Charlotte, Lunenburg, and other surrounding counties. ","Successful in their creation of a school, the Harmony Association came into existence in 1877 for a similar goal. The two associations merged in 1900, and the Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School was established in Keysville, Virginia. ","In addition to the minutes and catalog is a folder of research complied by the seller, including photocopied portions of \"Charlotte County, Virginia: Historical, Statistical, and Present Attractions,\" \"History of the American Negro,\" \"Historic Architectural Survey of Charlotte County, Virginia,\" and \"The Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School.\" As well as printouts from the Bluestone Harmony Baptist Association and Ministries, Inc. ","Includes Announcements for 1935-1936","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Bluestone Harmony Association","Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School","Bluestone Baptist Association","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16868","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1708"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection"],"collection_ssim":["Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Bluestone Harmony Association","Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School","Bluestone Baptist Association"],"creator_ssim":["Bluestone Harmony Association","Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School","Bluestone Baptist Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Bluestone Harmony Association","Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School","Bluestone Baptist Association"],"creators_ssim":["Bluestone Harmony Association","Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School","Bluestone Baptist Association"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from McBride Books to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 23 August 2024."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American Baptists","African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia","African American schools"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American Baptists","African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia","African American schools"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair. Some pamphlets are brittle, have detached covers, and have evidence of water damage."],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Cubic Feet One half-width letter document box"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Cubic Feet One half-width letter document box"],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFew black Virginians received a formal education until public schools were widely established during Reconstruction.The Virginia Constitution of 1870 mandated a system of public education for the first time. Public schools in Virginia were segregated from the outset, apparently without much thought or debate, on the widely held assumption that such an arrangement would deter conflict. Of course, public schools were segregated in many other states, both North and South. Southern black schools, however, were often dependent on funding from unsympathetic state and local governments controlled by whites, resulting in education programs with fewer resources for both students and teachers. Despite social and economic challenges, African Americans pursued education with great fervor.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Bluestone Baptist Association was established around 1871, and an area of focus was the education of Black children in Charlotte, Lunenburg, and other surrounding counties. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSuccessful in their creation of a school, the Harmony Association came into existence in 1877 for a similar goal. The two associations merged in 1900, and the Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School was established in Keysville, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\nVirginia Museum of History and Culture. Accessed 2/06/25\nhttps://virginiahistory.org/learn/civil-rights-movement-virginia/beginnings-black-education\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eValentine Richmond History Center, Cook Collection\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Few black Virginians received a formal education until public schools were widely established during Reconstruction.The Virginia Constitution of 1870 mandated a system of public education for the first time. Public schools in Virginia were segregated from the outset, apparently without much thought or debate, on the widely held assumption that such an arrangement would deter conflict. Of course, public schools were segregated in many other states, both North and South. Southern black schools, however, were often dependent on funding from unsympathetic state and local governments controlled by whites, resulting in education programs with fewer resources for both students and teachers. Despite social and economic challenges, African Americans pursued education with great fervor.","The Bluestone Baptist Association was established around 1871, and an area of focus was the education of Black children in Charlotte, Lunenburg, and other surrounding counties. ","Successful in their creation of a school, the Harmony Association came into existence in 1877 for a similar goal. The two associations merged in 1900, and the Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School was established in Keysville, Virginia. ","Sources:\nVirginia Museum of History and Culture. Accessed 2/06/25\nhttps://virginiahistory.org/learn/civil-rights-movement-virginia/beginnings-black-education","Valentine Richmond History Center, Cook Collection"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16868, Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16868, Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains one catalog for the Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School from 1935-1936, two Minutes of the annual session of the Harmony Baptist Sunday School Convention: 45th (1941), 46th (1942), and fourteen minutes of the annual session of the Bluestone Baptist Association: 39th (1910), 43rd (1914), 50th (1921), 51st (1922), 52nd (1923), 53rd (1924), 55th (1926), 58th (1929), 59th (1930), 67th (1938), 69th (1940), 73rd (1944), 75th (1946), 91st (1963). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe minutes note church officers, constitutions of the associations, committee actions, and general announcements. The Bluestone Baptist Association was established around 1871, and an area of focus was the education of Black children in Charlotte, Lunenburg, and other surrounding counties. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSuccessful in their creation of a school, the Harmony Association came into existence in 1877 for a similar goal. The two associations merged in 1900, and the Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School was established in Keysville, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the minutes and catalog is a folder of research complied by the seller, including photocopied portions of \"Charlotte County, Virginia: Historical, Statistical, and Present Attractions,\" \"History of the American Negro,\" \"Historic Architectural Survey of Charlotte County, Virginia,\" and \"The Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School.\" As well as printouts from the Bluestone Harmony Baptist Association and Ministries, Inc. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes Announcements for 1935-1936\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains one catalog for the Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School from 1935-1936, two Minutes of the annual session of the Harmony Baptist Sunday School Convention: 45th (1941), 46th (1942), and fourteen minutes of the annual session of the Bluestone Baptist Association: 39th (1910), 43rd (1914), 50th (1921), 51st (1922), 52nd (1923), 53rd (1924), 55th (1926), 58th (1929), 59th (1930), 67th (1938), 69th (1940), 73rd (1944), 75th (1946), 91st (1963). ","The minutes note church officers, constitutions of the associations, committee actions, and general announcements. The Bluestone Baptist Association was established around 1871, and an area of focus was the education of Black children in Charlotte, Lunenburg, and other surrounding counties. ","Successful in their creation of a school, the Harmony Association came into existence in 1877 for a similar goal. The two associations merged in 1900, and the Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School was established in Keysville, Virginia. ","In addition to the minutes and catalog is a folder of research complied by the seller, including photocopied portions of \"Charlotte County, Virginia: Historical, Statistical, and Present Attractions,\" \"History of the American Negro,\" \"Historic Architectural Survey of Charlotte County, Virginia,\" and \"The Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School.\" As well as printouts from the Bluestone Harmony Baptist Association and Ministries, Inc. ","Includes Announcements for 1935-1936"],"names_coll_ssim":["Bluestone Harmony Association"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Bluestone Harmony Association","Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School","Bluestone Baptist Association"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Bluestone Harmony Association","Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School","Bluestone Baptist Association"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":8,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:33:37.307Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1708"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1640","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1640#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Auger Down Books","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1640#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a certificate of a local Virginia election in the first district of Accomack County on October 22, 1867, preliminary voting for delegates for the upcoming Constitutional Convention, marking the first time African-Americans voted in the state. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1640#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1640","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1640","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1640","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1640","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1640.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196323","title_filing_ssi":"First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans","title_ssm":["First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans"],"title_tesim":["First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans"],"unitdate_ssm":["October 22, 1867"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["October 22, 1867"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16832","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1640"],"text":["MSS 16832","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1640","First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans","African Americans -- Virginia","African Americans -- Suffrage","The collection is open for research use.","The Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868, was an assembly of delegates elected by the voters to establish the fundamental law of Virginia following the American Civil War and the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Convention, which met from December 3, 1867 until April 17, 1868, set the stage for enfranchising freedmen, and Virginia's readmission to Congress. ","Black men in Virginia voted for the first time in Virginia's first post Civil War election on October 1867, on whether to hold a convention to rewrite the state's constitution as required by Congress after the Civil War. They also voted for delegates to that convention and were eligible to serve as delegates themselves. Virginia's government was then under supervison of the United States Army, which oversaw the election. ","Captain Toy and Edward K. Snead were elected as Republicans to represent Northampton and neighboring Accomac County at the Virginia Constitutional Convention.  The convention was necessary because Virginia's Constitution adopted in 1850 explicitly allowed slavery, and few Virginians considered the convention held during the Union occupation in the Civil War valid. Although certain provisions restricting civil rights of former Confederates were controversial and not adopted in 1869, the constitution drafted by Snead, Toy and their fellow delegates was ratified by Virginia voters and the Commonwealth was allowed to rejoin the Union. ","After 1866, according to the Radical Reconstruction Acts of Congress, a rebelling state which had vacated its delegation in the U.S. Congress was required to constitutionally incorporate the 14th Amendment which guarantees that all persons born in the United States are citizens both of the United States and of their state. Concerned by multiple reports of Southern white officals and plantation owners abuse of Black freedman, Republicans in Congress took control of Reconstruction policies after the election of 1866. The Radical Congressional Reconstruction legislation required the suffrage for Black men."," Radical Republicans included most ex-enslaved freedmen, and organized to advocate full political and social equality for Blacks, but also wanted to exclude ex-Confederates from political participation either in government or at the ballot box. Moderate Unionists (including many pre-war Whigs), sought political equality for Blacks, but believed that ex-Confederates had to be included in the political community because of the terms of surrender as well as majority among the white population. Conservatives wanted to ensure white control of the state. Allowed to vote, African Americans elected about 100 black representatives to the Virginia General Assembly between 1869 and 1890. Most were members of Abraham Lincoln's Republican Party, which had championed the end of enslavery.\n \nJames Toy was a 1st lieutenant of the 2nd Regiment Cavalry in the United States Colored Troops at Fort Monroe in Virginia,in company H and later rising to the rank of captain and leading Company D.","Sources:\n\"Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Constitutional_Convention_of_1868","\"James C. Toy\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_C._Toy","\"Edward K. Snead\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_K._Snead","\"1861-1876 Reconstruction\" Virginia Museum of History and Culture. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://virginiahistory.org/learn/story-of-virginia/chapter/reconstruction","This collection contains a certificate of a local Virginia election in the first district of Accomack County on October 22, 1867, preliminary voting for delegates for the upcoming Constitutional Convention, marking the first time African-Americans voted in the state. ","The October 22 election took place under Army supervision. Written entirely in manuscript ink on a sheet of lined paper folded to 4 unnumbered pages.  Pages [2]-[4] are blank. ","The document certifies that: \"Two hundred and thirty two (232) qualified white Electors, and four (4) qualified Colored Electors voted for Edward P. Pitts as a delegate to the convention.","Two hundred and thirty one (231) qualified white Electors and four (4) qualified Colored Electors voted for John R. Read as a delegate to the convention.","and that qualified white Electors and three hundred and twenty (320) qualified Colored Electors voted for Edward K. Snead as a delegate to the convention and [blank] white Electors ","Three hundred and twenty (320) qualified Colored Electors voted for James C. Toy as a delegate to the convention.\"","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Auger Down Books","Accomack County (Va.)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16832","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1640"],"normalized_title_ssm":["First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans"],"collection_title_tesim":["First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans"],"collection_ssim":["First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Auger Down Books"],"creator_ssim":["Auger Down Books"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Auger Down Books"],"creators_ssim":["Auger Down Books"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Auger Down Books by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 27 October 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Virginia","African Americans -- Suffrage"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Virginia","African Americans -- Suffrage"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 folder (legal)"],"extent_tesim":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 folder (legal)"],"date_range_isim":[1867],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868, was an assembly of delegates elected by the voters to establish the fundamental law of Virginia following the American Civil War and the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Convention, which met from December 3, 1867 until April 17, 1868, set the stage for enfranchising freedmen, and Virginia's readmission to Congress. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBlack men in Virginia voted for the first time in Virginia's first post Civil War election on October 1867, on whether to hold a convention to rewrite the state's constitution as required by Congress after the Civil War. They also voted for delegates to that convention and were eligible to serve as delegates themselves. Virginia's government was then under supervison of the United States Army, which oversaw the election. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCaptain Toy and Edward K. Snead were elected as Republicans to represent Northampton and neighboring Accomac County at the Virginia Constitutional Convention.  The convention was necessary because Virginia's Constitution adopted in 1850 explicitly allowed slavery, and few Virginians considered the convention held during the Union occupation in the Civil War valid. Although certain provisions restricting civil rights of former Confederates were controversial and not adopted in 1869, the constitution drafted by Snead, Toy and their fellow delegates was ratified by Virginia voters and the Commonwealth was allowed to rejoin the Union. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter 1866, according to the Radical Reconstruction Acts of Congress, a rebelling state which had vacated its delegation in the U.S. Congress was required to constitutionally incorporate the 14th Amendment which guarantees that all persons born in the United States are citizens both of the United States and of their state. Concerned by multiple reports of Southern white officals and plantation owners abuse of Black freedman, Republicans in Congress took control of Reconstruction policies after the election of 1866. The Radical Congressional Reconstruction legislation required the suffrage for Black men.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Radical Republicans included most ex-enslaved freedmen, and organized to advocate full political and social equality for Blacks, but also wanted to exclude ex-Confederates from political participation either in government or at the ballot box. Moderate Unionists (including many pre-war Whigs), sought political equality for Blacks, but believed that ex-Confederates had to be included in the political community because of the terms of surrender as well as majority among the white population. Conservatives wanted to ensure white control of the state. Allowed to vote, African Americans elected about 100 black representatives to the Virginia General Assembly between 1869 and 1890. Most were members of Abraham Lincoln's Republican Party, which had championed the end of enslavery.\n \nJames Toy was a 1st lieutenant of the 2nd Regiment Cavalry in the United States Colored Troops at Fort Monroe in Virginia,in company H and later rising to the rank of captain and leading Company D.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\n\"Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Constitutional_Convention_of_1868\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"James C. Toy\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_C._Toy\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Edward K. Snead\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_K._Snead\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"1861-1876 Reconstruction\" Virginia Museum of History and Culture. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://virginiahistory.org/learn/story-of-virginia/chapter/reconstruction\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868, was an assembly of delegates elected by the voters to establish the fundamental law of Virginia following the American Civil War and the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Convention, which met from December 3, 1867 until April 17, 1868, set the stage for enfranchising freedmen, and Virginia's readmission to Congress. ","Black men in Virginia voted for the first time in Virginia's first post Civil War election on October 1867, on whether to hold a convention to rewrite the state's constitution as required by Congress after the Civil War. They also voted for delegates to that convention and were eligible to serve as delegates themselves. Virginia's government was then under supervison of the United States Army, which oversaw the election. ","Captain Toy and Edward K. Snead were elected as Republicans to represent Northampton and neighboring Accomac County at the Virginia Constitutional Convention.  The convention was necessary because Virginia's Constitution adopted in 1850 explicitly allowed slavery, and few Virginians considered the convention held during the Union occupation in the Civil War valid. Although certain provisions restricting civil rights of former Confederates were controversial and not adopted in 1869, the constitution drafted by Snead, Toy and their fellow delegates was ratified by Virginia voters and the Commonwealth was allowed to rejoin the Union. ","After 1866, according to the Radical Reconstruction Acts of Congress, a rebelling state which had vacated its delegation in the U.S. Congress was required to constitutionally incorporate the 14th Amendment which guarantees that all persons born in the United States are citizens both of the United States and of their state. Concerned by multiple reports of Southern white officals and plantation owners abuse of Black freedman, Republicans in Congress took control of Reconstruction policies after the election of 1866. The Radical Congressional Reconstruction legislation required the suffrage for Black men."," Radical Republicans included most ex-enslaved freedmen, and organized to advocate full political and social equality for Blacks, but also wanted to exclude ex-Confederates from political participation either in government or at the ballot box. Moderate Unionists (including many pre-war Whigs), sought political equality for Blacks, but believed that ex-Confederates had to be included in the political community because of the terms of surrender as well as majority among the white population. Conservatives wanted to ensure white control of the state. Allowed to vote, African Americans elected about 100 black representatives to the Virginia General Assembly between 1869 and 1890. Most were members of Abraham Lincoln's Republican Party, which had championed the end of enslavery.\n \nJames Toy was a 1st lieutenant of the 2nd Regiment Cavalry in the United States Colored Troops at Fort Monroe in Virginia,in company H and later rising to the rank of captain and leading Company D.","Sources:\n\"Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Constitutional_Convention_of_1868","\"James C. Toy\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_C._Toy","\"Edward K. Snead\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_K._Snead","\"1861-1876 Reconstruction\" Virginia Museum of History and Culture. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://virginiahistory.org/learn/story-of-virginia/chapter/reconstruction"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16832, Voting Certificate for the First District of Accomack County, Va., including African Americans, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 16832, First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16832, Voting Certificate for the First District of Accomack County, Va., including African Americans, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.","MSS 16832, First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a certificate of a local Virginia election in the first district of Accomack County on October 22, 1867, preliminary voting for delegates for the upcoming Constitutional Convention, marking the first time African-Americans voted in the state. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe October 22 election took place under Army supervision. Written entirely in manuscript ink on a sheet of lined paper folded to 4 unnumbered pages.  Pages [2]-[4] are blank. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe document certifies that: \"Two hundred and thirty two (232) qualified white Electors, and four (4) qualified Colored Electors voted for Edward P. Pitts as a delegate to the convention.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTwo hundred and thirty one (231) qualified white Electors and four (4) qualified Colored Electors voted for John R. Read as a delegate to the convention.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eand that qualified white Electors and three hundred and twenty (320) qualified Colored Electors voted for Edward K. Snead as a delegate to the convention and [blank] white Electors \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThree hundred and twenty (320) qualified Colored Electors voted for James C. Toy as a delegate to the convention.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a certificate of a local Virginia election in the first district of Accomack County on October 22, 1867, preliminary voting for delegates for the upcoming Constitutional Convention, marking the first time African-Americans voted in the state. ","The October 22 election took place under Army supervision. Written entirely in manuscript ink on a sheet of lined paper folded to 4 unnumbered pages.  Pages [2]-[4] are blank. ","The document certifies that: \"Two hundred and thirty two (232) qualified white Electors, and four (4) qualified Colored Electors voted for Edward P. Pitts as a delegate to the convention.","Two hundred and thirty one (231) qualified white Electors and four (4) qualified Colored Electors voted for John R. Read as a delegate to the convention.","and that qualified white Electors and three hundred and twenty (320) qualified Colored Electors voted for Edward K. Snead as a delegate to the convention and [blank] white Electors ","Three hundred and twenty (320) qualified Colored Electors voted for James C. Toy as a delegate to the convention.\""],"names_coll_ssim":["Auger Down Books","Accomack County (Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Auger Down Books","Accomack County (Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Auger Down Books","Accomack County (Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:48:36.769Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1640","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1640","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1640","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1640","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1640.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196323","title_filing_ssi":"First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans","title_ssm":["First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans"],"title_tesim":["First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans"],"unitdate_ssm":["October 22, 1867"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["October 22, 1867"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16832","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1640"],"text":["MSS 16832","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1640","First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans","African Americans -- Virginia","African Americans -- Suffrage","The collection is open for research use.","The Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868, was an assembly of delegates elected by the voters to establish the fundamental law of Virginia following the American Civil War and the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Convention, which met from December 3, 1867 until April 17, 1868, set the stage for enfranchising freedmen, and Virginia's readmission to Congress. ","Black men in Virginia voted for the first time in Virginia's first post Civil War election on October 1867, on whether to hold a convention to rewrite the state's constitution as required by Congress after the Civil War. They also voted for delegates to that convention and were eligible to serve as delegates themselves. Virginia's government was then under supervison of the United States Army, which oversaw the election. ","Captain Toy and Edward K. Snead were elected as Republicans to represent Northampton and neighboring Accomac County at the Virginia Constitutional Convention.  The convention was necessary because Virginia's Constitution adopted in 1850 explicitly allowed slavery, and few Virginians considered the convention held during the Union occupation in the Civil War valid. Although certain provisions restricting civil rights of former Confederates were controversial and not adopted in 1869, the constitution drafted by Snead, Toy and their fellow delegates was ratified by Virginia voters and the Commonwealth was allowed to rejoin the Union. ","After 1866, according to the Radical Reconstruction Acts of Congress, a rebelling state which had vacated its delegation in the U.S. Congress was required to constitutionally incorporate the 14th Amendment which guarantees that all persons born in the United States are citizens both of the United States and of their state. Concerned by multiple reports of Southern white officals and plantation owners abuse of Black freedman, Republicans in Congress took control of Reconstruction policies after the election of 1866. The Radical Congressional Reconstruction legislation required the suffrage for Black men."," Radical Republicans included most ex-enslaved freedmen, and organized to advocate full political and social equality for Blacks, but also wanted to exclude ex-Confederates from political participation either in government or at the ballot box. Moderate Unionists (including many pre-war Whigs), sought political equality for Blacks, but believed that ex-Confederates had to be included in the political community because of the terms of surrender as well as majority among the white population. Conservatives wanted to ensure white control of the state. Allowed to vote, African Americans elected about 100 black representatives to the Virginia General Assembly between 1869 and 1890. Most were members of Abraham Lincoln's Republican Party, which had championed the end of enslavery.\n \nJames Toy was a 1st lieutenant of the 2nd Regiment Cavalry in the United States Colored Troops at Fort Monroe in Virginia,in company H and later rising to the rank of captain and leading Company D.","Sources:\n\"Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Constitutional_Convention_of_1868","\"James C. Toy\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_C._Toy","\"Edward K. Snead\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_K._Snead","\"1861-1876 Reconstruction\" Virginia Museum of History and Culture. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://virginiahistory.org/learn/story-of-virginia/chapter/reconstruction","This collection contains a certificate of a local Virginia election in the first district of Accomack County on October 22, 1867, preliminary voting for delegates for the upcoming Constitutional Convention, marking the first time African-Americans voted in the state. ","The October 22 election took place under Army supervision. Written entirely in manuscript ink on a sheet of lined paper folded to 4 unnumbered pages.  Pages [2]-[4] are blank. ","The document certifies that: \"Two hundred and thirty two (232) qualified white Electors, and four (4) qualified Colored Electors voted for Edward P. Pitts as a delegate to the convention.","Two hundred and thirty one (231) qualified white Electors and four (4) qualified Colored Electors voted for John R. Read as a delegate to the convention.","and that qualified white Electors and three hundred and twenty (320) qualified Colored Electors voted for Edward K. Snead as a delegate to the convention and [blank] white Electors ","Three hundred and twenty (320) qualified Colored Electors voted for James C. Toy as a delegate to the convention.\"","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Auger Down Books","Accomack County (Va.)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16832","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1640"],"normalized_title_ssm":["First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans"],"collection_title_tesim":["First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans"],"collection_ssim":["First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Auger Down Books"],"creator_ssim":["Auger Down Books"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Auger Down Books"],"creators_ssim":["Auger Down Books"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Auger Down Books by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 27 October 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Virginia","African Americans -- Suffrage"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Virginia","African Americans -- Suffrage"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 folder (legal)"],"extent_tesim":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 folder (legal)"],"date_range_isim":[1867],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868, was an assembly of delegates elected by the voters to establish the fundamental law of Virginia following the American Civil War and the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Convention, which met from December 3, 1867 until April 17, 1868, set the stage for enfranchising freedmen, and Virginia's readmission to Congress. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBlack men in Virginia voted for the first time in Virginia's first post Civil War election on October 1867, on whether to hold a convention to rewrite the state's constitution as required by Congress after the Civil War. They also voted for delegates to that convention and were eligible to serve as delegates themselves. Virginia's government was then under supervison of the United States Army, which oversaw the election. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCaptain Toy and Edward K. Snead were elected as Republicans to represent Northampton and neighboring Accomac County at the Virginia Constitutional Convention.  The convention was necessary because Virginia's Constitution adopted in 1850 explicitly allowed slavery, and few Virginians considered the convention held during the Union occupation in the Civil War valid. Although certain provisions restricting civil rights of former Confederates were controversial and not adopted in 1869, the constitution drafted by Snead, Toy and their fellow delegates was ratified by Virginia voters and the Commonwealth was allowed to rejoin the Union. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter 1866, according to the Radical Reconstruction Acts of Congress, a rebelling state which had vacated its delegation in the U.S. Congress was required to constitutionally incorporate the 14th Amendment which guarantees that all persons born in the United States are citizens both of the United States and of their state. Concerned by multiple reports of Southern white officals and plantation owners abuse of Black freedman, Republicans in Congress took control of Reconstruction policies after the election of 1866. The Radical Congressional Reconstruction legislation required the suffrage for Black men.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Radical Republicans included most ex-enslaved freedmen, and organized to advocate full political and social equality for Blacks, but also wanted to exclude ex-Confederates from political participation either in government or at the ballot box. Moderate Unionists (including many pre-war Whigs), sought political equality for Blacks, but believed that ex-Confederates had to be included in the political community because of the terms of surrender as well as majority among the white population. Conservatives wanted to ensure white control of the state. Allowed to vote, African Americans elected about 100 black representatives to the Virginia General Assembly between 1869 and 1890. Most were members of Abraham Lincoln's Republican Party, which had championed the end of enslavery.\n \nJames Toy was a 1st lieutenant of the 2nd Regiment Cavalry in the United States Colored Troops at Fort Monroe in Virginia,in company H and later rising to the rank of captain and leading Company D.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\n\"Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Constitutional_Convention_of_1868\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"James C. Toy\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_C._Toy\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Edward K. Snead\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_K._Snead\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"1861-1876 Reconstruction\" Virginia Museum of History and Culture. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://virginiahistory.org/learn/story-of-virginia/chapter/reconstruction\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868, was an assembly of delegates elected by the voters to establish the fundamental law of Virginia following the American Civil War and the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Convention, which met from December 3, 1867 until April 17, 1868, set the stage for enfranchising freedmen, and Virginia's readmission to Congress. ","Black men in Virginia voted for the first time in Virginia's first post Civil War election on October 1867, on whether to hold a convention to rewrite the state's constitution as required by Congress after the Civil War. They also voted for delegates to that convention and were eligible to serve as delegates themselves. Virginia's government was then under supervison of the United States Army, which oversaw the election. ","Captain Toy and Edward K. Snead were elected as Republicans to represent Northampton and neighboring Accomac County at the Virginia Constitutional Convention.  The convention was necessary because Virginia's Constitution adopted in 1850 explicitly allowed slavery, and few Virginians considered the convention held during the Union occupation in the Civil War valid. Although certain provisions restricting civil rights of former Confederates were controversial and not adopted in 1869, the constitution drafted by Snead, Toy and their fellow delegates was ratified by Virginia voters and the Commonwealth was allowed to rejoin the Union. ","After 1866, according to the Radical Reconstruction Acts of Congress, a rebelling state which had vacated its delegation in the U.S. Congress was required to constitutionally incorporate the 14th Amendment which guarantees that all persons born in the United States are citizens both of the United States and of their state. Concerned by multiple reports of Southern white officals and plantation owners abuse of Black freedman, Republicans in Congress took control of Reconstruction policies after the election of 1866. The Radical Congressional Reconstruction legislation required the suffrage for Black men."," Radical Republicans included most ex-enslaved freedmen, and organized to advocate full political and social equality for Blacks, but also wanted to exclude ex-Confederates from political participation either in government or at the ballot box. Moderate Unionists (including many pre-war Whigs), sought political equality for Blacks, but believed that ex-Confederates had to be included in the political community because of the terms of surrender as well as majority among the white population. Conservatives wanted to ensure white control of the state. Allowed to vote, African Americans elected about 100 black representatives to the Virginia General Assembly between 1869 and 1890. Most were members of Abraham Lincoln's Republican Party, which had championed the end of enslavery.\n \nJames Toy was a 1st lieutenant of the 2nd Regiment Cavalry in the United States Colored Troops at Fort Monroe in Virginia,in company H and later rising to the rank of captain and leading Company D.","Sources:\n\"Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Constitutional_Convention_of_1868","\"James C. Toy\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_C._Toy","\"Edward K. Snead\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_K._Snead","\"1861-1876 Reconstruction\" Virginia Museum of History and Culture. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://virginiahistory.org/learn/story-of-virginia/chapter/reconstruction"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16832, Voting Certificate for the First District of Accomack County, Va., including African Americans, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 16832, First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16832, Voting Certificate for the First District of Accomack County, Va., including African Americans, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.","MSS 16832, First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a certificate of a local Virginia election in the first district of Accomack County on October 22, 1867, preliminary voting for delegates for the upcoming Constitutional Convention, marking the first time African-Americans voted in the state. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe October 22 election took place under Army supervision. Written entirely in manuscript ink on a sheet of lined paper folded to 4 unnumbered pages.  Pages [2]-[4] are blank. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe document certifies that: \"Two hundred and thirty two (232) qualified white Electors, and four (4) qualified Colored Electors voted for Edward P. Pitts as a delegate to the convention.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTwo hundred and thirty one (231) qualified white Electors and four (4) qualified Colored Electors voted for John R. Read as a delegate to the convention.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eand that qualified white Electors and three hundred and twenty (320) qualified Colored Electors voted for Edward K. Snead as a delegate to the convention and [blank] white Electors \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThree hundred and twenty (320) qualified Colored Electors voted for James C. Toy as a delegate to the convention.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a certificate of a local Virginia election in the first district of Accomack County on October 22, 1867, preliminary voting for delegates for the upcoming Constitutional Convention, marking the first time African-Americans voted in the state. ","The October 22 election took place under Army supervision. Written entirely in manuscript ink on a sheet of lined paper folded to 4 unnumbered pages.  Pages [2]-[4] are blank. ","The document certifies that: \"Two hundred and thirty two (232) qualified white Electors, and four (4) qualified Colored Electors voted for Edward P. Pitts as a delegate to the convention.","Two hundred and thirty one (231) qualified white Electors and four (4) qualified Colored Electors voted for John R. Read as a delegate to the convention.","and that qualified white Electors and three hundred and twenty (320) qualified Colored Electors voted for Edward K. Snead as a delegate to the convention and [blank] white Electors ","Three hundred and twenty (320) qualified Colored Electors voted for James C. Toy as a delegate to the convention.\""],"names_coll_ssim":["Auger Down Books","Accomack County (Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Auger Down Books","Accomack County (Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Auger Down Books","Accomack County (Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:48:36.769Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1640"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1042","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Hampton Institute student photograph album","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1042#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Max Rambod","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1042#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a photograph album of a student from Hampton Institute. The original photo album, measuring 7' x 10' with 24 pages, contains 44 black and white photographs of an unidentified young Black woman, approximately 20 years old, as well as cut newspaper images and a photo postcard. She is seen at Hampton Institute, a historically Black University, in Hampton, Virginia, posing in front of school buildings, clowning around with friends, and preparing for graduation. Also included are scenic photographs of places she visited such as a dam, a church, and a parade. The last few pages contain family photographs; a couple photographs show her with an elderly woman. Some of the baby photographs are inscribed \"To Grandma\" and \"To Grand Dad\" and another is labeled \"Me\". The identification of the Hampton Institute as the locale comes from a real photo postcard with the title \"The Hampton Institute Creative Dance Group\" and a newspaper cutout of the Hampton Institute Choir along with the news caption, \"They Keep Spiritual Values High at Hampton.\" It is possible that this album was kept by the grandparent of the young women.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1042#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1042","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1042","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1042","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1042","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1042.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/122441","title_filing_ssi":"Hampton Institute student photograph album","title_ssm":["Hampton Institute student photograph album"],"title_tesim":["Hampton Institute student photograph album"],"unitdate_ssm":["undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["undated"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16525","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1042"],"text":["MSS 16525","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1042","Hampton Institute student photograph album","African Americans -- Education","African American families","African Americans -- Virginia","Photograph albums","Good","The identity of the student who owned the Hampton Institute photograph album is not known. The history of the Hampton Institute reflects decades of a movement towards more inclusiveness and diversity. The institute originally evolved from a camp near Fort Monroe, Virginia where African Americans were arriving in 1861 during the American Civil War to find freedom from being enslaved in the South. Mary Peake was a free African American woman who held the first class of about twenty students under a simple oak tree. \"Today the tree still stands on the campus of the Hampton Institute as a lasting symbol of the promise of education for all, even in the face of adversity.\"","Several Union Army Generals (General Benjamin Butler and Brigadier General Samuel Armstrong) founded and improved the school, naming it the Butler School. It was associated with the Freedmen's Bureau of the Ninth District of Virginia (Little Scotland which was adjacent to the school), the Whittier School and the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. \"During the night of April 18, 1878, a group of Native Americans arrived in Hampton from Fort Sill, where they had been imprisoned at the close of the Red River War. Several buildings were constructed during this twenty-year span, including Whipple Barn, and Wigwam Dormitory. In 1868, Booker T. Washington was a student at the school.","In 1930, it became the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. 1n 1940 the Institute hired more diverse faculty to fill the roles of high-ranking administrative positions. In 1949, Dr. Dr. Alonzo Graseano Moron became the first African American president. In the 1960's Civil Rights Movement, noted civil rights leaders, including Dr. Martin Luther King, visited the Hampton campus. In 1957 Rosa Parks moved to the Hampton area where she worked on campus as a hostess at The Holly Tree Inn. On February 11, 1960, a group of Hampton Institute students were the first in Virginia to stage a lunch counter sit-in, to protest local business' refusal to serve blacks and whites equally.","\"In 1984, after a nine-month study of Hampton Institute's rapid growth and development in quality of students, faculty and academic offerings, the recommendation was made to change the name to Hampton University.\"Today, over 150 years after its inception, Hampton University continues to break new ground in academic achievement, staying true to General Armstrong's original promise of The Standard of Excellence, An Education for Life.\"","Source: Based on the Hampton University website: https://www.hamptonu.edu/about/history.cfm\nRetrieved 9/17/21 Equal Opportunity Accessibility","This collection contains a photograph album of a student from Hampton Institute. The original photo album, measuring 7' x 10' with 24 pages, contains 44 black and white photographs of an unidentified young Black woman, approximately 20 years old, as well as cut newspaper images and a photo postcard.  She is seen at Hampton Institute, a historically Black University, in Hampton, Virginia, posing in front of school buildings, clowning around with friends, and preparing for graduation. Also included are scenic photographs of places she visited such as a dam, a church, and a parade.  The last few pages contain family photographs; a couple photographs show her with an elderly woman. Some of the baby photographs are inscribed \"To Grandma\" and \"To Grand Dad\" and another is labeled \"Me\". The identification of the Hampton Institute as the locale comes from a real photo postcard with the title \"The Hampton Institute Creative Dance Group\" and a newspaper cutout of the Hampton Institute Choir along with the news caption, \"They Keep Spiritual Values High at Hampton.\" It is possible that this album was kept by the grandparent of the young women.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Hampton Institute","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16525","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1042"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Hampton Institute student photograph album"],"collection_title_tesim":["Hampton Institute student photograph album"],"collection_ssim":["Hampton Institute student photograph album"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creators_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Max Rambod by the Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia  on June 28, 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Education","African American families","African Americans -- Virginia","Photograph albums"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Education","African American families","African Americans -- Virginia","Photograph albums"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good"],"extent_ssm":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 legal sized folder"],"extent_tesim":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 legal sized folder"],"physfacet_tesim":["album"],"genreform_ssim":["Photograph albums"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe identity of the student who owned the Hampton Institute photograph album is not known. The history of the Hampton Institute reflects decades of a movement towards more inclusiveness and diversity. The institute originally evolved from a camp near Fort Monroe, Virginia where African Americans were arriving in 1861 during the American Civil War to find freedom from being enslaved in the South. Mary Peake was a free African American woman who held the first class of about twenty students under a simple oak tree. \"Today the tree still stands on the campus of the Hampton Institute as a lasting symbol of the promise of education for all, even in the face of adversity.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeveral Union Army Generals (General Benjamin Butler and Brigadier General Samuel Armstrong) founded and improved the school, naming it the Butler School. It was associated with the Freedmen's Bureau of the Ninth District of Virginia (Little Scotland which was adjacent to the school), the Whittier School and the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. \"During the night of April 18, 1878, a group of Native Americans arrived in Hampton from Fort Sill, where they had been imprisoned at the close of the Red River War. Several buildings were constructed during this twenty-year span, including Whipple Barn, and Wigwam Dormitory. In 1868, Booker T. Washington was a student at the school.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1930, it became the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. 1n 1940 the Institute hired more diverse faculty to fill the roles of high-ranking administrative positions. In 1949, Dr. Dr. Alonzo Graseano Moron became the first African American president. In the 1960's Civil Rights Movement, noted civil rights leaders, including Dr. Martin Luther King, visited the Hampton campus. In 1957 Rosa Parks moved to the Hampton area where she worked on campus as a hostess at The Holly Tree Inn. On February 11, 1960, a group of Hampton Institute students were the first in Virginia to stage a lunch counter sit-in, to protest local business' refusal to serve blacks and whites equally.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"In 1984, after a nine-month study of Hampton Institute's rapid growth and development in quality of students, faculty and academic offerings, the recommendation was made to change the name to Hampton University.\"Today, over 150 years after its inception, Hampton University continues to break new ground in academic achievement, staying true to General Armstrong's original promise of The Standard of Excellence, An Education for Life.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource: Based on the Hampton University website: https://www.hamptonu.edu/about/history.cfm\nRetrieved 9/17/21 Equal Opportunity Accessibility\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The identity of the student who owned the Hampton Institute photograph album is not known. The history of the Hampton Institute reflects decades of a movement towards more inclusiveness and diversity. The institute originally evolved from a camp near Fort Monroe, Virginia where African Americans were arriving in 1861 during the American Civil War to find freedom from being enslaved in the South. Mary Peake was a free African American woman who held the first class of about twenty students under a simple oak tree. \"Today the tree still stands on the campus of the Hampton Institute as a lasting symbol of the promise of education for all, even in the face of adversity.\"","Several Union Army Generals (General Benjamin Butler and Brigadier General Samuel Armstrong) founded and improved the school, naming it the Butler School. It was associated with the Freedmen's Bureau of the Ninth District of Virginia (Little Scotland which was adjacent to the school), the Whittier School and the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. \"During the night of April 18, 1878, a group of Native Americans arrived in Hampton from Fort Sill, where they had been imprisoned at the close of the Red River War. Several buildings were constructed during this twenty-year span, including Whipple Barn, and Wigwam Dormitory. In 1868, Booker T. Washington was a student at the school.","In 1930, it became the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. 1n 1940 the Institute hired more diverse faculty to fill the roles of high-ranking administrative positions. In 1949, Dr. Dr. Alonzo Graseano Moron became the first African American president. In the 1960's Civil Rights Movement, noted civil rights leaders, including Dr. Martin Luther King, visited the Hampton campus. In 1957 Rosa Parks moved to the Hampton area where she worked on campus as a hostess at The Holly Tree Inn. On February 11, 1960, a group of Hampton Institute students were the first in Virginia to stage a lunch counter sit-in, to protest local business' refusal to serve blacks and whites equally.","\"In 1984, after a nine-month study of Hampton Institute's rapid growth and development in quality of students, faculty and academic offerings, the recommendation was made to change the name to Hampton University.\"Today, over 150 years after its inception, Hampton University continues to break new ground in academic achievement, staying true to General Armstrong's original promise of The Standard of Excellence, An Education for Life.\"","Source: Based on the Hampton University website: https://www.hamptonu.edu/about/history.cfm\nRetrieved 9/17/21 Equal Opportunity Accessibility"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16525, Hampton Institute photograph album, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16525, Hampton Institute photograph album, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a photograph album of a student from Hampton Institute. The original photo album, measuring 7' x 10' with 24 pages, contains 44 black and white photographs of an unidentified young Black woman, approximately 20 years old, as well as cut newspaper images and a photo postcard.  She is seen at Hampton Institute, a historically Black University, in Hampton, Virginia, posing in front of school buildings, clowning around with friends, and preparing for graduation. Also included are scenic photographs of places she visited such as a dam, a church, and a parade.  The last few pages contain family photographs; a couple photographs show her with an elderly woman. Some of the baby photographs are inscribed \"To Grandma\" and \"To Grand Dad\" and another is labeled \"Me\". The identification of the Hampton Institute as the locale comes from a real photo postcard with the title \"The Hampton Institute Creative Dance Group\" and a newspaper cutout of the Hampton Institute Choir along with the news caption, \"They Keep Spiritual Values High at Hampton.\" It is possible that this album was kept by the grandparent of the young women.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a photograph album of a student from Hampton Institute. The original photo album, measuring 7' x 10' with 24 pages, contains 44 black and white photographs of an unidentified young Black woman, approximately 20 years old, as well as cut newspaper images and a photo postcard.  She is seen at Hampton Institute, a historically Black University, in Hampton, Virginia, posing in front of school buildings, clowning around with friends, and preparing for graduation. Also included are scenic photographs of places she visited such as a dam, a church, and a parade.  The last few pages contain family photographs; a couple photographs show her with an elderly woman. Some of the baby photographs are inscribed \"To Grandma\" and \"To Grand Dad\" and another is labeled \"Me\". The identification of the Hampton Institute as the locale comes from a real photo postcard with the title \"The Hampton Institute Creative Dance Group\" and a newspaper cutout of the Hampton Institute Choir along with the news caption, \"They Keep Spiritual Values High at Hampton.\" It is possible that this album was kept by the grandparent of the young women."],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod","Hampton Institute"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Hampton Institute"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Hampton Institute"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:45:37.325Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1042","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1042","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1042","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1042","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1042.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/122441","title_filing_ssi":"Hampton Institute student photograph album","title_ssm":["Hampton Institute student photograph album"],"title_tesim":["Hampton Institute student photograph album"],"unitdate_ssm":["undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["undated"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16525","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1042"],"text":["MSS 16525","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1042","Hampton Institute student photograph album","African Americans -- Education","African American families","African Americans -- Virginia","Photograph albums","Good","The identity of the student who owned the Hampton Institute photograph album is not known. The history of the Hampton Institute reflects decades of a movement towards more inclusiveness and diversity. The institute originally evolved from a camp near Fort Monroe, Virginia where African Americans were arriving in 1861 during the American Civil War to find freedom from being enslaved in the South. Mary Peake was a free African American woman who held the first class of about twenty students under a simple oak tree. \"Today the tree still stands on the campus of the Hampton Institute as a lasting symbol of the promise of education for all, even in the face of adversity.\"","Several Union Army Generals (General Benjamin Butler and Brigadier General Samuel Armstrong) founded and improved the school, naming it the Butler School. It was associated with the Freedmen's Bureau of the Ninth District of Virginia (Little Scotland which was adjacent to the school), the Whittier School and the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. \"During the night of April 18, 1878, a group of Native Americans arrived in Hampton from Fort Sill, where they had been imprisoned at the close of the Red River War. Several buildings were constructed during this twenty-year span, including Whipple Barn, and Wigwam Dormitory. In 1868, Booker T. Washington was a student at the school.","In 1930, it became the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. 1n 1940 the Institute hired more diverse faculty to fill the roles of high-ranking administrative positions. In 1949, Dr. Dr. Alonzo Graseano Moron became the first African American president. In the 1960's Civil Rights Movement, noted civil rights leaders, including Dr. Martin Luther King, visited the Hampton campus. In 1957 Rosa Parks moved to the Hampton area where she worked on campus as a hostess at The Holly Tree Inn. On February 11, 1960, a group of Hampton Institute students were the first in Virginia to stage a lunch counter sit-in, to protest local business' refusal to serve blacks and whites equally.","\"In 1984, after a nine-month study of Hampton Institute's rapid growth and development in quality of students, faculty and academic offerings, the recommendation was made to change the name to Hampton University.\"Today, over 150 years after its inception, Hampton University continues to break new ground in academic achievement, staying true to General Armstrong's original promise of The Standard of Excellence, An Education for Life.\"","Source: Based on the Hampton University website: https://www.hamptonu.edu/about/history.cfm\nRetrieved 9/17/21 Equal Opportunity Accessibility","This collection contains a photograph album of a student from Hampton Institute. The original photo album, measuring 7' x 10' with 24 pages, contains 44 black and white photographs of an unidentified young Black woman, approximately 20 years old, as well as cut newspaper images and a photo postcard.  She is seen at Hampton Institute, a historically Black University, in Hampton, Virginia, posing in front of school buildings, clowning around with friends, and preparing for graduation. Also included are scenic photographs of places she visited such as a dam, a church, and a parade.  The last few pages contain family photographs; a couple photographs show her with an elderly woman. Some of the baby photographs are inscribed \"To Grandma\" and \"To Grand Dad\" and another is labeled \"Me\". The identification of the Hampton Institute as the locale comes from a real photo postcard with the title \"The Hampton Institute Creative Dance Group\" and a newspaper cutout of the Hampton Institute Choir along with the news caption, \"They Keep Spiritual Values High at Hampton.\" It is possible that this album was kept by the grandparent of the young women.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Hampton Institute","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16525","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1042"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Hampton Institute student photograph album"],"collection_title_tesim":["Hampton Institute student photograph album"],"collection_ssim":["Hampton Institute student photograph album"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creators_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Max Rambod by the Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia  on June 28, 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Education","African American families","African Americans -- Virginia","Photograph albums"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Education","African American families","African Americans -- Virginia","Photograph albums"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good"],"extent_ssm":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 legal sized folder"],"extent_tesim":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 legal sized folder"],"physfacet_tesim":["album"],"genreform_ssim":["Photograph albums"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe identity of the student who owned the Hampton Institute photograph album is not known. The history of the Hampton Institute reflects decades of a movement towards more inclusiveness and diversity. The institute originally evolved from a camp near Fort Monroe, Virginia where African Americans were arriving in 1861 during the American Civil War to find freedom from being enslaved in the South. Mary Peake was a free African American woman who held the first class of about twenty students under a simple oak tree. \"Today the tree still stands on the campus of the Hampton Institute as a lasting symbol of the promise of education for all, even in the face of adversity.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeveral Union Army Generals (General Benjamin Butler and Brigadier General Samuel Armstrong) founded and improved the school, naming it the Butler School. It was associated with the Freedmen's Bureau of the Ninth District of Virginia (Little Scotland which was adjacent to the school), the Whittier School and the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. \"During the night of April 18, 1878, a group of Native Americans arrived in Hampton from Fort Sill, where they had been imprisoned at the close of the Red River War. Several buildings were constructed during this twenty-year span, including Whipple Barn, and Wigwam Dormitory. In 1868, Booker T. Washington was a student at the school.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1930, it became the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. 1n 1940 the Institute hired more diverse faculty to fill the roles of high-ranking administrative positions. In 1949, Dr. Dr. Alonzo Graseano Moron became the first African American president. In the 1960's Civil Rights Movement, noted civil rights leaders, including Dr. Martin Luther King, visited the Hampton campus. In 1957 Rosa Parks moved to the Hampton area where she worked on campus as a hostess at The Holly Tree Inn. On February 11, 1960, a group of Hampton Institute students were the first in Virginia to stage a lunch counter sit-in, to protest local business' refusal to serve blacks and whites equally.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"In 1984, after a nine-month study of Hampton Institute's rapid growth and development in quality of students, faculty and academic offerings, the recommendation was made to change the name to Hampton University.\"Today, over 150 years after its inception, Hampton University continues to break new ground in academic achievement, staying true to General Armstrong's original promise of The Standard of Excellence, An Education for Life.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource: Based on the Hampton University website: https://www.hamptonu.edu/about/history.cfm\nRetrieved 9/17/21 Equal Opportunity Accessibility\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The identity of the student who owned the Hampton Institute photograph album is not known. The history of the Hampton Institute reflects decades of a movement towards more inclusiveness and diversity. The institute originally evolved from a camp near Fort Monroe, Virginia where African Americans were arriving in 1861 during the American Civil War to find freedom from being enslaved in the South. Mary Peake was a free African American woman who held the first class of about twenty students under a simple oak tree. \"Today the tree still stands on the campus of the Hampton Institute as a lasting symbol of the promise of education for all, even in the face of adversity.\"","Several Union Army Generals (General Benjamin Butler and Brigadier General Samuel Armstrong) founded and improved the school, naming it the Butler School. It was associated with the Freedmen's Bureau of the Ninth District of Virginia (Little Scotland which was adjacent to the school), the Whittier School and the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. \"During the night of April 18, 1878, a group of Native Americans arrived in Hampton from Fort Sill, where they had been imprisoned at the close of the Red River War. Several buildings were constructed during this twenty-year span, including Whipple Barn, and Wigwam Dormitory. In 1868, Booker T. Washington was a student at the school.","In 1930, it became the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. 1n 1940 the Institute hired more diverse faculty to fill the roles of high-ranking administrative positions. In 1949, Dr. Dr. Alonzo Graseano Moron became the first African American president. In the 1960's Civil Rights Movement, noted civil rights leaders, including Dr. Martin Luther King, visited the Hampton campus. In 1957 Rosa Parks moved to the Hampton area where she worked on campus as a hostess at The Holly Tree Inn. On February 11, 1960, a group of Hampton Institute students were the first in Virginia to stage a lunch counter sit-in, to protest local business' refusal to serve blacks and whites equally.","\"In 1984, after a nine-month study of Hampton Institute's rapid growth and development in quality of students, faculty and academic offerings, the recommendation was made to change the name to Hampton University.\"Today, over 150 years after its inception, Hampton University continues to break new ground in academic achievement, staying true to General Armstrong's original promise of The Standard of Excellence, An Education for Life.\"","Source: Based on the Hampton University website: https://www.hamptonu.edu/about/history.cfm\nRetrieved 9/17/21 Equal Opportunity Accessibility"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16525, Hampton Institute photograph album, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16525, Hampton Institute photograph album, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a photograph album of a student from Hampton Institute. The original photo album, measuring 7' x 10' with 24 pages, contains 44 black and white photographs of an unidentified young Black woman, approximately 20 years old, as well as cut newspaper images and a photo postcard.  She is seen at Hampton Institute, a historically Black University, in Hampton, Virginia, posing in front of school buildings, clowning around with friends, and preparing for graduation. Also included are scenic photographs of places she visited such as a dam, a church, and a parade.  The last few pages contain family photographs; a couple photographs show her with an elderly woman. Some of the baby photographs are inscribed \"To Grandma\" and \"To Grand Dad\" and another is labeled \"Me\". The identification of the Hampton Institute as the locale comes from a real photo postcard with the title \"The Hampton Institute Creative Dance Group\" and a newspaper cutout of the Hampton Institute Choir along with the news caption, \"They Keep Spiritual Values High at Hampton.\" It is possible that this album was kept by the grandparent of the young women.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a photograph album of a student from Hampton Institute. The original photo album, measuring 7' x 10' with 24 pages, contains 44 black and white photographs of an unidentified young Black woman, approximately 20 years old, as well as cut newspaper images and a photo postcard.  She is seen at Hampton Institute, a historically Black University, in Hampton, Virginia, posing in front of school buildings, clowning around with friends, and preparing for graduation. Also included are scenic photographs of places she visited such as a dam, a church, and a parade.  The last few pages contain family photographs; a couple photographs show her with an elderly woman. Some of the baby photographs are inscribed \"To Grandma\" and \"To Grand Dad\" and another is labeled \"Me\". The identification of the Hampton Institute as the locale comes from a real photo postcard with the title \"The Hampton Institute Creative Dance Group\" and a newspaper cutout of the Hampton Institute Choir along with the news caption, \"They Keep Spiritual Values High at Hampton.\" It is possible that this album was kept by the grandparent of the young women."],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod","Hampton Institute"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Hampton Institute"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Hampton Institute"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:45:37.325Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1042"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1225","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1225#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eJohn Walter Wayland collection of correspondence,notes,photographs, and newspaper clippings about Henry Martin who was the bell ringer for the University of Virginia from 1868-1909. \"Henry Martin rang the bell at dawn to awaken the students, and rang it during the day to mark the hours and the beginning and ending of class periods. He was beloved by generations of faculty, students, and alumni, and he remembered them all when they returned for visits.\" Dr. Wayland, a former University of Virginia Ph.D. student (1907), history professor, and author from Harrisonburg, Virginia was planning to write a paper about Martin who was born enslaved by Monticello, and the Carr family estate. During the American Civil War, he tended the wounded at the military hospital in Charlottesville. In 1866 he was hired by the University to haul coal. He worked at UVA for more than four decades, becoming a well-known figure there but one who was treated in the context of the Lost Cause archetype of the faithful servant. He died in 1915.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1225#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1225","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1225","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1225","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1225","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1225.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/133610","title_filing_ssi":"Wayland, John Walter collection on Henry Martin","title_ssm":["John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin"],"title_tesim":["John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin"],"unitdate_ssm":["1909-1965"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1909-1965"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16677","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1225"],"text":["MSS 16677","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1225","John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin","University of Virginia -- History","African Americans -- Virginia","Fair.","The collection is open for research use.","There are related collections to John Walter Wayland but not to Henry Martin. They are MSS 2386-a, MSS 1529, and MSS 4299.","John Walter Wayland collection of correspondence,notes,photographs, and newspaper clippings about Henry Martin who was the bell ringer for the University of Virginia from 1868-1909.  \"Henry Martin rang the bell at dawn to awaken the students, and rang it during the day to mark the hours and the beginning and ending of class periods. He was beloved by generations of faculty, students, and alumni, and he remembered them all when they returned for visits.\" Dr. Wayland, a former University of Virginia Ph.D. student (1907), history professor, and author from Harrisonburg, Virginia was planning to write a paper about Martin who was born enslaved by Monticello, and the Carr family estate. During the American Civil War, he tended the wounded at the military hospital in Charlottesville. In 1866 he was hired by the University to haul coal. He worked at UVA for more than four decades, becoming a well-known figure there but one who was treated in the context of the Lost Cause archetype of the faithful servant. He died in 1915.","Source:\nBromley, Anne E.\"Plaque Honors Henry Martin Who Rang the University's Bell for 50 Years\" UVA Today. October 5, 2012","https://news.virginia.edu/content/plaque-honors-henry-martin-who-rang-university-s-bell-50-years","\"Henry Martin\" Summary. Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Humanities. Accessed 3/31/22","https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/martin-henry-1826-1915/","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Martin, Henry, 1826-1915","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16677","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1225"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin"],"collection_title_tesim":["John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin"],"collection_ssim":["John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["University of Virginia -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["University of Virginia -- History"],"places_ssim":["University of Virginia -- History"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Elizabeth Wayland Seaver to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on May 31, 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair."],"extent_ssm":["0.4 Cubic Feet half width letter size box"],"extent_tesim":["0.4 Cubic Feet half width letter size box"],"physfacet_tesim":["letter, photographs, notes, newspaper clippings, magazine"],"date_range_isim":[1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16677, John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16677, John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are related collections to John Walter Wayland but not to Henry Martin. They are MSS 2386-a, MSS 1529, and MSS 4299.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["There are related collections to John Walter Wayland but not to Henry Martin. They are MSS 2386-a, MSS 1529, and MSS 4299."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Walter Wayland collection of correspondence,notes,photographs, and newspaper clippings about Henry Martin who was the bell ringer for the University of Virginia from 1868-1909.  \"Henry Martin rang the bell at dawn to awaken the students, and rang it during the day to mark the hours and the beginning and ending of class periods. He was beloved by generations of faculty, students, and alumni, and he remembered them all when they returned for visits.\" Dr. Wayland, a former University of Virginia Ph.D. student (1907), history professor, and author from Harrisonburg, Virginia was planning to write a paper about Martin who was born enslaved by Monticello, and the Carr family estate. During the American Civil War, he tended the wounded at the military hospital in Charlottesville. In 1866 he was hired by the University to haul coal. He worked at UVA for more than four decades, becoming a well-known figure there but one who was treated in the context of the Lost Cause archetype of the faithful servant. He died in 1915.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource:\nBromley, Anne E.\"Plaque Honors Henry Martin Who Rang the University's Bell for 50 Years\" UVA Today. October 5, 2012\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://news.virginia.edu/content/plaque-honors-henry-martin-who-rang-university-s-bell-50-years\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Henry Martin\" Summary. Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Humanities. Accessed 3/31/22\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/martin-henry-1826-1915/\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["John Walter Wayland collection of correspondence,notes,photographs, and newspaper clippings about Henry Martin who was the bell ringer for the University of Virginia from 1868-1909.  \"Henry Martin rang the bell at dawn to awaken the students, and rang it during the day to mark the hours and the beginning and ending of class periods. He was beloved by generations of faculty, students, and alumni, and he remembered them all when they returned for visits.\" Dr. Wayland, a former University of Virginia Ph.D. student (1907), history professor, and author from Harrisonburg, Virginia was planning to write a paper about Martin who was born enslaved by Monticello, and the Carr family estate. During the American Civil War, he tended the wounded at the military hospital in Charlottesville. In 1866 he was hired by the University to haul coal. He worked at UVA for more than four decades, becoming a well-known figure there but one who was treated in the context of the Lost Cause archetype of the faithful servant. He died in 1915.","Source:\nBromley, Anne E.\"Plaque Honors Henry Martin Who Rang the University's Bell for 50 Years\" UVA Today. October 5, 2012","https://news.virginia.edu/content/plaque-honors-henry-martin-who-rang-university-s-bell-50-years","\"Henry Martin\" Summary. Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Humanities. Accessed 3/31/22","https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/martin-henry-1826-1915/"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Martin, Henry, 1826-1915"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Martin, Henry, 1826-1915"],"persname_ssim":["Martin, Henry, 1826-1915"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:30:17.572Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1225","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1225","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1225","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1225","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1225.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/133610","title_filing_ssi":"Wayland, John Walter collection on Henry Martin","title_ssm":["John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin"],"title_tesim":["John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin"],"unitdate_ssm":["1909-1965"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1909-1965"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16677","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1225"],"text":["MSS 16677","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1225","John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin","University of Virginia -- History","African Americans -- Virginia","Fair.","The collection is open for research use.","There are related collections to John Walter Wayland but not to Henry Martin. They are MSS 2386-a, MSS 1529, and MSS 4299.","John Walter Wayland collection of correspondence,notes,photographs, and newspaper clippings about Henry Martin who was the bell ringer for the University of Virginia from 1868-1909.  \"Henry Martin rang the bell at dawn to awaken the students, and rang it during the day to mark the hours and the beginning and ending of class periods. He was beloved by generations of faculty, students, and alumni, and he remembered them all when they returned for visits.\" Dr. Wayland, a former University of Virginia Ph.D. student (1907), history professor, and author from Harrisonburg, Virginia was planning to write a paper about Martin who was born enslaved by Monticello, and the Carr family estate. During the American Civil War, he tended the wounded at the military hospital in Charlottesville. In 1866 he was hired by the University to haul coal. He worked at UVA for more than four decades, becoming a well-known figure there but one who was treated in the context of the Lost Cause archetype of the faithful servant. He died in 1915.","Source:\nBromley, Anne E.\"Plaque Honors Henry Martin Who Rang the University's Bell for 50 Years\" UVA Today. October 5, 2012","https://news.virginia.edu/content/plaque-honors-henry-martin-who-rang-university-s-bell-50-years","\"Henry Martin\" Summary. Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Humanities. Accessed 3/31/22","https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/martin-henry-1826-1915/","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Martin, Henry, 1826-1915","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16677","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1225"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin"],"collection_title_tesim":["John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin"],"collection_ssim":["John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["University of Virginia -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["University of Virginia -- History"],"places_ssim":["University of Virginia -- History"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Elizabeth Wayland Seaver to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on May 31, 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair."],"extent_ssm":["0.4 Cubic Feet half width letter size box"],"extent_tesim":["0.4 Cubic Feet half width letter size box"],"physfacet_tesim":["letter, photographs, notes, newspaper clippings, magazine"],"date_range_isim":[1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16677, John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16677, John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are related collections to John Walter Wayland but not to Henry Martin. They are MSS 2386-a, MSS 1529, and MSS 4299.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["There are related collections to John Walter Wayland but not to Henry Martin. They are MSS 2386-a, MSS 1529, and MSS 4299."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Walter Wayland collection of correspondence,notes,photographs, and newspaper clippings about Henry Martin who was the bell ringer for the University of Virginia from 1868-1909.  \"Henry Martin rang the bell at dawn to awaken the students, and rang it during the day to mark the hours and the beginning and ending of class periods. He was beloved by generations of faculty, students, and alumni, and he remembered them all when they returned for visits.\" Dr. Wayland, a former University of Virginia Ph.D. student (1907), history professor, and author from Harrisonburg, Virginia was planning to write a paper about Martin who was born enslaved by Monticello, and the Carr family estate. During the American Civil War, he tended the wounded at the military hospital in Charlottesville. In 1866 he was hired by the University to haul coal. He worked at UVA for more than four decades, becoming a well-known figure there but one who was treated in the context of the Lost Cause archetype of the faithful servant. He died in 1915.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource:\nBromley, Anne E.\"Plaque Honors Henry Martin Who Rang the University's Bell for 50 Years\" UVA Today. October 5, 2012\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://news.virginia.edu/content/plaque-honors-henry-martin-who-rang-university-s-bell-50-years\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Henry Martin\" Summary. Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Humanities. Accessed 3/31/22\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/martin-henry-1826-1915/\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["John Walter Wayland collection of correspondence,notes,photographs, and newspaper clippings about Henry Martin who was the bell ringer for the University of Virginia from 1868-1909.  \"Henry Martin rang the bell at dawn to awaken the students, and rang it during the day to mark the hours and the beginning and ending of class periods. He was beloved by generations of faculty, students, and alumni, and he remembered them all when they returned for visits.\" Dr. Wayland, a former University of Virginia Ph.D. student (1907), history professor, and author from Harrisonburg, Virginia was planning to write a paper about Martin who was born enslaved by Monticello, and the Carr family estate. During the American Civil War, he tended the wounded at the military hospital in Charlottesville. In 1866 he was hired by the University to haul coal. He worked at UVA for more than four decades, becoming a well-known figure there but one who was treated in the context of the Lost Cause archetype of the faithful servant. He died in 1915.","Source:\nBromley, Anne E.\"Plaque Honors Henry Martin Who Rang the University's Bell for 50 Years\" UVA Today. October 5, 2012","https://news.virginia.edu/content/plaque-honors-henry-martin-who-rang-university-s-bell-50-years","\"Henry Martin\" Summary. Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Humanities. Accessed 3/31/22","https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/martin-henry-1826-1915/"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Martin, Henry, 1826-1915"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Martin, Henry, 1826-1915"],"persname_ssim":["Martin, Henry, 1826-1915"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:30:17.572Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1225"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1841","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Melvin McGinness tailor shop ledger","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1841#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"McGinness, Melvin, 1896-1970","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1841#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains one ledger book kept by Melvin McGinness (1896-1970) for his tailor shop on 273 West Main Street in Vinegar Hill, Charlottesville, Virginia. Dates in the ledger indicate that the book was kept between 1964 and 1968, evidenced by two dated \"Look-Rite Cleaners\" receipts and a handwritten date by McGinness at the top margin of page 27. Earlier material is tipped in at the front and back endpages. This ledger records work completed by McGinness at this second tailor shop location,151 Brown Street in the Starr Hill neighborhood, as evidenced by receipts throughout the book dated after the razing of Vinegar Hill. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1841#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1841","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1841","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1841","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1841","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1841.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/239514","title_filing_ssi":"McGinness, Melvin, tailor shop ledger","title_ssm":["Melvin McGinness tailor shop ledger"],"title_tesim":["Melvin McGinness tailor shop ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1939-1969"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c. 1939-1969"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16929","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1841"],"text":["MSS 16929","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1841","Melvin McGinness tailor shop ledger","Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","African Americans -- Virginia","African American business enterprises","Ledgers (account books)","This collection is open for research.","McGinness graduated from Hampton College in 1914 and served in the First World War before marrying his wife, Charlottesville school teacher and principal Rebecca McGuinness in 1923. He relocated to Charlottesville and began to operate McGinness Tailor Shop at 273 West Main Street. This location was eventually demolished in early 1964 during the Urban Renewal razing of the Vinegar Hill neighborhood of Charlottesville. McGinness moved his tailor shop to 151 Brown Street in the Starr Hill neighborhood.","Rebecca Fuller McGinness papers MSS 12633","This collection contains one ledger book kept by Melvin McGinness (1896-1970) for his tailor shop on 273 West Main Street in Vinegar Hill, Charlottesville, Virginia. Dates in the ledger indicate that the book was kept between 1964 and 1968, evidenced by two dated \"Look-Rite Cleaners\" receipts and a handwritten date by McGinness at the top margin of page 27. Earlier material is tipped in at the front and back endpages. This ledger records work completed by McGinness at this second tailor shop location,151 Brown Street in the Starr Hill neighborhood, as evidenced by receipts throughout the book dated after the razing of Vinegar Hill. ","Entries in the ledger include the account holder's name, their clothing size, the work they have commissioned, and the price of the work. Checkmarks indicate the closing of a transaction after the customer has paid. Laid in material throughout the ledger includes a Singer Sewing Machine Exchange advertisement, an advertisement pamphlet for incense oils, and a 1966 receipt for automobile work at Knauf's Auto Service Co. On West Main Street, a November 1939 program for the cornerstone laying ceremony of Trinity P.E. Church, handwritten notes from June 1969 about sending delegates to an unspecified state meeting, a ruler advertising Atlanta Thread \u0026 Supply Co., a Look-Rite Cleaners receipt from June 1969, a May 1964 Trinity Church program, a Virginia National Bank envelope, a Medicare Insurance Card informational sheet, an August 1968 Trinity Church program portion, several blank sealed envelopes, a Remington Shaver box, and a sheet cardstock with written ledger entries.  ","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","McGinness, Melvin, 1896-1970","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16929","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1841"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Melvin McGinness tailor shop ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["Melvin McGinness tailor shop ledger"],"collection_ssim":["Melvin McGinness tailor shop ledger"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["McGinness, Melvin, 1896-1970"],"creator_ssim":["McGinness, Melvin, 1896-1970"],"creator_persname_ssim":["McGinness, Melvin, 1896-1970"],"creators_ssim":["McGinness, Melvin, 1896-1970"],"places_ssim":["Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 20th century"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from Franklin Gilliam Rare Books to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 5 November 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Virginia","African American business enterprises","Ledgers (account books)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Virginia","African American business enterprises","Ledgers (account books)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Cubic Feet One legal-sized box, half-width"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Cubic Feet One legal-sized box, half-width"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)"],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMcGinness graduated from Hampton College in 1914 and served in the First World War before marrying his wife, Charlottesville school teacher and principal Rebecca McGuinness in 1923. He relocated to Charlottesville and began to operate McGinness Tailor Shop at 273 West Main Street. This location was eventually demolished in early 1964 during the Urban Renewal razing of the Vinegar Hill neighborhood of Charlottesville. McGinness moved his tailor shop to 151 Brown Street in the Starr Hill neighborhood.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["McGinness graduated from Hampton College in 1914 and served in the First World War before marrying his wife, Charlottesville school teacher and principal Rebecca McGuinness in 1923. He relocated to Charlottesville and began to operate McGinness Tailor Shop at 273 West Main Street. This location was eventually demolished in early 1964 during the Urban Renewal razing of the Vinegar Hill neighborhood of Charlottesville. McGinness moved his tailor shop to 151 Brown Street in the Starr Hill neighborhood."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16929, Melvin McGinness tailor shop ledger, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16929, Melvin McGinness tailor shop ledger, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRebecca Fuller McGinness papers MSS 12633\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Rebecca Fuller McGinness papers MSS 12633"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains one ledger book kept by Melvin McGinness (1896-1970) for his tailor shop on 273 West Main Street in Vinegar Hill, Charlottesville, Virginia. Dates in the ledger indicate that the book was kept between 1964 and 1968, evidenced by two dated \"Look-Rite Cleaners\" receipts and a handwritten date by McGinness at the top margin of page 27. Earlier material is tipped in at the front and back endpages. This ledger records work completed by McGinness at this second tailor shop location,151 Brown Street in the Starr Hill neighborhood, as evidenced by receipts throughout the book dated after the razing of Vinegar Hill. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEntries in the ledger include the account holder's name, their clothing size, the work they have commissioned, and the price of the work. Checkmarks indicate the closing of a transaction after the customer has paid. Laid in material throughout the ledger includes a Singer Sewing Machine Exchange advertisement, an advertisement pamphlet for incense oils, and a 1966 receipt for automobile work at Knauf's Auto Service Co. On West Main Street, a November 1939 program for the cornerstone laying ceremony of Trinity P.E. Church, handwritten notes from June 1969 about sending delegates to an unspecified state meeting, a ruler advertising Atlanta Thread \u0026amp; Supply Co., a Look-Rite Cleaners receipt from June 1969, a May 1964 Trinity Church program, a Virginia National Bank envelope, a Medicare Insurance Card informational sheet, an August 1968 Trinity Church program portion, several blank sealed envelopes, a Remington Shaver box, and a sheet cardstock with written ledger entries.  \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains one ledger book kept by Melvin McGinness (1896-1970) for his tailor shop on 273 West Main Street in Vinegar Hill, Charlottesville, Virginia. Dates in the ledger indicate that the book was kept between 1964 and 1968, evidenced by two dated \"Look-Rite Cleaners\" receipts and a handwritten date by McGinness at the top margin of page 27. Earlier material is tipped in at the front and back endpages. This ledger records work completed by McGinness at this second tailor shop location,151 Brown Street in the Starr Hill neighborhood, as evidenced by receipts throughout the book dated after the razing of Vinegar Hill. ","Entries in the ledger include the account holder's name, their clothing size, the work they have commissioned, and the price of the work. Checkmarks indicate the closing of a transaction after the customer has paid. Laid in material throughout the ledger includes a Singer Sewing Machine Exchange advertisement, an advertisement pamphlet for incense oils, and a 1966 receipt for automobile work at Knauf's Auto Service Co. On West Main Street, a November 1939 program for the cornerstone laying ceremony of Trinity P.E. Church, handwritten notes from June 1969 about sending delegates to an unspecified state meeting, a ruler advertising Atlanta Thread \u0026 Supply Co., a Look-Rite Cleaners receipt from June 1969, a May 1964 Trinity Church program, a Virginia National Bank envelope, a Medicare Insurance Card informational sheet, an August 1968 Trinity Church program portion, several blank sealed envelopes, a Remington Shaver box, and a sheet cardstock with written ledger entries.  "],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","McGinness, Melvin, 1896-1970"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["McGinness, Melvin, 1896-1970"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:23:27.213Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1841","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1841","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1841","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1841","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1841.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/239514","title_filing_ssi":"McGinness, Melvin, tailor shop ledger","title_ssm":["Melvin McGinness tailor shop ledger"],"title_tesim":["Melvin McGinness tailor shop ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1939-1969"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c. 1939-1969"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16929","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1841"],"text":["MSS 16929","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1841","Melvin McGinness tailor shop ledger","Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","African Americans -- Virginia","African American business enterprises","Ledgers (account books)","This collection is open for research.","McGinness graduated from Hampton College in 1914 and served in the First World War before marrying his wife, Charlottesville school teacher and principal Rebecca McGuinness in 1923. 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This ledger records work completed by McGinness at this second tailor shop location,151 Brown Street in the Starr Hill neighborhood, as evidenced by receipts throughout the book dated after the razing of Vinegar Hill. ","Entries in the ledger include the account holder's name, their clothing size, the work they have commissioned, and the price of the work. Checkmarks indicate the closing of a transaction after the customer has paid. Laid in material throughout the ledger includes a Singer Sewing Machine Exchange advertisement, an advertisement pamphlet for incense oils, and a 1966 receipt for automobile work at Knauf's Auto Service Co. On West Main Street, a November 1939 program for the cornerstone laying ceremony of Trinity P.E. Church, handwritten notes from June 1969 about sending delegates to an unspecified state meeting, a ruler advertising Atlanta Thread \u0026 Supply Co., a Look-Rite Cleaners receipt from June 1969, a May 1964 Trinity Church program, a Virginia National Bank envelope, a Medicare Insurance Card informational sheet, an August 1968 Trinity Church program portion, several blank sealed envelopes, a Remington Shaver box, and a sheet cardstock with written ledger entries.  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On West Main Street, a November 1939 program for the cornerstone laying ceremony of Trinity P.E. Church, handwritten notes from June 1969 about sending delegates to an unspecified state meeting, a ruler advertising Atlanta Thread \u0026amp; Supply Co., a Look-Rite Cleaners receipt from June 1969, a May 1964 Trinity Church program, a Virginia National Bank envelope, a Medicare Insurance Card informational sheet, an August 1968 Trinity Church program portion, several blank sealed envelopes, a Remington Shaver box, and a sheet cardstock with written ledger entries.  \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains one ledger book kept by Melvin McGinness (1896-1970) for his tailor shop on 273 West Main Street in Vinegar Hill, Charlottesville, Virginia. Dates in the ledger indicate that the book was kept between 1964 and 1968, evidenced by two dated \"Look-Rite Cleaners\" receipts and a handwritten date by McGinness at the top margin of page 27. Earlier material is tipped in at the front and back endpages. This ledger records work completed by McGinness at this second tailor shop location,151 Brown Street in the Starr Hill neighborhood, as evidenced by receipts throughout the book dated after the razing of Vinegar Hill. ","Entries in the ledger include the account holder's name, their clothing size, the work they have commissioned, and the price of the work. Checkmarks indicate the closing of a transaction after the customer has paid. Laid in material throughout the ledger includes a Singer Sewing Machine Exchange advertisement, an advertisement pamphlet for incense oils, and a 1966 receipt for automobile work at Knauf's Auto Service Co. On West Main Street, a November 1939 program for the cornerstone laying ceremony of Trinity P.E. Church, handwritten notes from June 1969 about sending delegates to an unspecified state meeting, a ruler advertising Atlanta Thread \u0026 Supply Co., a Look-Rite Cleaners receipt from June 1969, a May 1964 Trinity Church program, a Virginia National Bank envelope, a Medicare Insurance Card informational sheet, an August 1968 Trinity Church program portion, several blank sealed envelopes, a Remington Shaver box, and a sheet cardstock with written ledger entries.  "],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","McGinness, Melvin, 1896-1970"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["McGinness, Melvin, 1896-1970"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:23:27.213Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1841"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1426","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1426#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Randolph family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1426#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection primarily contains correspondence of the Randolph family and Nicholas family. Several land title records are also present.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1426#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1426","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1426","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1426","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1426","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1426.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/147344","title_ssm":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill"],"title_tesim":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill"],"unitdate_ssm":["1732-1860"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1732-1860"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 1397","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1426"],"text":["MSS 1397","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1426","Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","African Americans -- Virginia","The collection is open for research use.","The materials are arranged chronologically. Oversized items are listed at the end of the inventory.","The Randolph familiy of Virginia began with William Randolph, who emigrated from Warwickshire, England between 1669 and 1673. He was the great-grandfather of Thomas Jefferson. ","Martha Jefferson Randolph (eldest daughter of Thomas Jefferson) married her third cousin, Thomas Mann Randolph in 1790. Together they had eleven children, whom Martha educated at home. Martha was known for her keen intellect and would often assist her father with his affairs. Thomas became a botanist and served as a Virginia delegate, senator, governor, and congressman.","Edgehill was Martha and Thomas' Virginia plantation, and later the chief residence of their eldest son, Thomas Jefferson Randolph. Martha and Thomas inherited the land from Thomas' father and built their first home there in 1799. A second, larger house was built in 1828. The family also operated a girls' school on the plantation, called \"Edgehill School\" from 1836 to 1896.","Source: Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia. monticello.org. Accessed 13 January 2023.","This collection contains material which discusses enslavement and may contain racist language. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","Funding for enhanced description and digitization of this collection was graciously provided by John C.R. Taylor, III.","The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library also holds the Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas (MS 5533).","The collection primarily contains correspondence of the Randolph family and Nicholas family. Several land title records are also present.","Materials in this collection, which were created in 1732-1860, are in the public domain. 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Oversized items are listed at the end of the inventory.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials are arranged chronologically. Oversized items are listed at the end of the inventory."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Randolph familiy of Virginia began with William Randolph, who emigrated from Warwickshire, England between 1669 and 1673. He was the great-grandfather of Thomas Jefferson. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMartha Jefferson Randolph (eldest daughter of Thomas Jefferson) married her third cousin, Thomas Mann Randolph in 1790. Together they had eleven children, whom Martha educated at home. Martha was known for her keen intellect and would often assist her father with his affairs. Thomas became a botanist and served as a Virginia delegate, senator, governor, and congressman.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEdgehill was Martha and Thomas' Virginia plantation, and later the chief residence of their eldest son, Thomas Jefferson Randolph. Martha and Thomas inherited the land from Thomas' father and built their first home there in 1799. A second, larger house was built in 1828. The family also operated a girls' school on the plantation, called \"Edgehill School\" from 1836 to 1896.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource: Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia. monticello.org. Accessed 13 January 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Randolph familiy of Virginia began with William Randolph, who emigrated from Warwickshire, England between 1669 and 1673. He was the great-grandfather of Thomas Jefferson. ","Martha Jefferson Randolph (eldest daughter of Thomas Jefferson) married her third cousin, Thomas Mann Randolph in 1790. Together they had eleven children, whom Martha educated at home. Martha was known for her keen intellect and would often assist her father with his affairs. Thomas became a botanist and served as a Virginia delegate, senator, governor, and congressman.","Edgehill was Martha and Thomas' Virginia plantation, and later the chief residence of their eldest son, Thomas Jefferson Randolph. Martha and Thomas inherited the land from Thomas' father and built their first home there in 1799. A second, larger house was built in 1828. The family also operated a girls' school on the plantation, called \"Edgehill School\" from 1836 to 1896.","Source: Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia. monticello.org. Accessed 13 January 2023."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains material which discusses enslavement and may contain racist language. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFunding for enhanced description and digitization of this collection was graciously provided by John C.R. Taylor, III.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning","Funding"],"odd_tesim":["This collection contains material which discusses enslavement and may contain racist language. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","Funding for enhanced description and digitization of this collection was graciously provided by John C.R. Taylor, III."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill, MSS 1397, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill, MSS 1397, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, VA."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library also holds the Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas (MS 5533).\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library also holds the Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas (MS 5533)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection primarily contains correspondence of the Randolph family and Nicholas family. 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The family also operated a girls' school on the plantation, called \"Edgehill School\" from 1836 to 1896.","Source: Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia. monticello.org. Accessed 13 January 2023.","This collection contains material which discusses enslavement and may contain racist language. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","Funding for enhanced description and digitization of this collection was graciously provided by John C.R. Taylor, III.","The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library also holds the Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas (MS 5533).","The collection primarily contains correspondence of the Randolph family and Nicholas family. Several land title records are also present.","Materials in this collection, which were created in 1732-1860, are in the public domain. 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Oversized items are listed at the end of the inventory.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials are arranged chronologically. Oversized items are listed at the end of the inventory."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Randolph familiy of Virginia began with William Randolph, who emigrated from Warwickshire, England between 1669 and 1673. He was the great-grandfather of Thomas Jefferson. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMartha Jefferson Randolph (eldest daughter of Thomas Jefferson) married her third cousin, Thomas Mann Randolph in 1790. Together they had eleven children, whom Martha educated at home. Martha was known for her keen intellect and would often assist her father with his affairs. 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Together they had eleven children, whom Martha educated at home. Martha was known for her keen intellect and would often assist her father with his affairs. Thomas became a botanist and served as a Virginia delegate, senator, governor, and congressman.","Edgehill was Martha and Thomas' Virginia plantation, and later the chief residence of their eldest son, Thomas Jefferson Randolph. Martha and Thomas inherited the land from Thomas' father and built their first home there in 1799. A second, larger house was built in 1828. The family also operated a girls' school on the plantation, called \"Edgehill School\" from 1836 to 1896.","Source: Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia. monticello.org. Accessed 13 January 2023."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains material which discusses enslavement and may contain racist language. 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Several land title records are also present.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection primarily contains correspondence of the Randolph family and Nicholas family. Several land title records are also present."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this collection, which were created in 1732-1860, are in the public domain. Permission to publish or reproduce is not required.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in this collection, which were created in 1732-1860, are in the public domain. Permission to publish or reproduce is not required."],"names_coll_ssim":["Edgehill (Albemarle County, Va. : Estate)"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Edgehill (Albemarle County, Va. : Estate)","Randolph family"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Edgehill (Albemarle County, Va. : Estate)"],"famname_ssim":["Randolph family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1011,"online_item_count_is":1004,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:53:44.935Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1426"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1395","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1395#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Randolph family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1395#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill, (commonly called the Edgehill-Randolph Papers) and the Wilson Cary Nicholas papers, ca. 787 items (6 Hollinger boxes, 2.5 linear shelf feet), ca. 1765-1869, and undated.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1395#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1395","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1395","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1395","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1395","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1395.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/147346","title_filing_ssi":"Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas papers","title_ssm":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas"],"title_tesim":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas"],"unitdate_ssm":["1765-1869"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1765-1869"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 5533","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1395"],"text":["MSS 5533","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1395","Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","African Americans -- Virginia","The collection is open for research use.","The papers are arranged in three series:","Series: I) Wilson Cary Nicholas Papers\nSubseries A: Correspondence (Boxes 1-3)\nSubseries B: Financial, Legal, and Miscellaneous Papers (Boxes 3-4)\nSubseries C: Militia Papers (Box 4)","Series: II) Randolph Family Papers (Boxes 5-6)","Series: III) Drawings, Surveys, etc. (OS Edgehill-Randolph Box).","Wilson Cary Nicholas (January 31, 1761-October 10, 1820) was an American politician who served in the U.S. Senate from 1799 to 1804 and was the Governor of Virginia 1814 to 1816. Nicholas was born in Williamsburg, Virginia where he attended the College of William and Mary. According to Nicholas's entry in the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress , he served in the American Revolutionary War as commander of George Washington's Life Guard until the unit disbanded in 1783. This appears to be an error: his entry in American National Biography states that \"he commanded Virginia volunteer units from the fall of 1780 until the following fall, but there is no evidence that he was actually involved in battlefield action.\" He married Margaret Smith of Baltimore, Maryland, and settled at \"Warren\" in Albemarle County where he became a member of the Virginia House of Delegates 1784-1789 and a delegate to the ratifying convention of 1788 which approved the Federal Constitution.","Robert Carter Nicholas (1728-1780) was the nephew of Wilson Cary Nicholas and the son of Dr. George Nicholas and Elizabeth Carter Burwell Nicholas (widow of Nathaniel Burwell) of Williamsburg, Virginia. His father migrated to Virginia; his mother was the daughter of wealthy Virginia landowner, Robert \"King\" Carter of Corotoman . Born January 28, 1728/9, both parents were dead by 1734. He studied law at the College of William and Mary and practiced in the general court under the royal government. He served in the House of Burgesses, 1755-61 as the representative from York County, and from 1766-1775 as the representative of James City County, and was Treasurer for the colony of Virginia, 1766-1775. He was a member of the Virginia General Assembly from 1776 to 1778 and in 1779 was appointed to the high court of chancery. Nicholas married Anne Cary, daughter of Wilson Cary of Warwick County in 1751 and the couple had four daughters and six sons.","George Nicholas, born in Williamsburg about 1754, was the son of Robert Carter Nicholas, treasurer of Virginia from 1766 to 1776, and a great grandson of Robert \"King\" Carter. He attended the College of William and Mary and became a noted attorney. Nicholas was a lieutenant colonel in the Continental army but spent much of his time in Baltimore and did not participate in any significant engagements. During service in the House of Delegates in 1778-1779, 1781-1782, 1783, and from 1786 to 1788, the last three terms representing Albemarle County, Nicholas became friendly with James Madison. Elected to the Virginia Ratification Convention of 1788, Nicholas followed Madison's lead and spoke in favor of ratification of the proposed new Constitution. Soon after the convention, he moved west to Kentucky, where he had a distinguished career as an attorney, as a leading member of the Kentucky Constitutional Convention of 1792, and as the first attorney general of the state and professor of law at Transylvania University. Nicholas wrote important letters on western affairs to Madison and to Thomas Jefferson, which George Washington also read, and tried to convince the federal government to increase its military presence in the West to protect settlers from Indian incursions and to secure westerners' access to the Mississippi River. George Nicholas died in Lexington, Kentucky, on July 25, 1799.","Sources:\nRobert Carter Nicholas, Sr. (2009, September 8) In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia . Retrieved 13:10, October 15, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Robert_Carter_Nicholas,_Sr.\u0026oldid=312497296","Library of Virginia website: http://www.virginiamemory.com/online_classroom/shaping_the_constitution/people/george_nicholas","This collection contains material which discusses enslavement and may contain racist language. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","Funding for enhanced description and digitization of this collection was graciously provided by John C.R. Taylor, III.","This record is made available under a Universal 1.0 Public Domain Dedication Creative Commons license. The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library of the University of Virginia makes its bibliographic records and the metadata contained therein available for public use under the CC0 1.0 Public Domain Designation.","The word \"slaves\" has been retained in this case because it is in the title of the document.","The word \"slave\" has been retained in this case because it is in the title of the document.","This collection consists of the papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill, (commonly called the Edgehill-Randolph Papers) and the Wilson Cary Nicholas papers, ca. 787 items (6 Hollinger boxes, 2.5 linear shelf feet), ca. 1765-1869, and undated.","All items pertaining to Thomas Jefferson have been transferred to the Thomas Jefferson Papers and are described in the online Calendar of the Jefferson Papers of the University of Virginia: Multiple numbers. A search for \"5533\" should find all the Jefferson items formerly in this collection, almost 400 items.","Materials in this collection, which were created in 1765-1869, are in the public domain. Permission to publish or reproduce is not required.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Edgehill (Albemarle County, Va. : Estate)","Randolph family","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 5533","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1395"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas"],"collection_title_tesim":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Randolph family"],"creator_ssim":["Randolph family"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Randolph family"],"creators_ssim":["Randolph family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in this collection, which were created in 1765-1869, are in the public domain. Permission to publish or reproduce is not required."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was originally loaned to the University of Virginia Library Special Collections Department by Mrs. Page Kirk, Miss Olivia Taylor, and Miss Margaret Taylor, \"Lochlyn,\" Charlottesville, Virginia, on January 29, 1957. Shares held by the Misses Margaret and Olivia Taylor were bequeathed to Special Collections on March 25, 1986. The share held by Mrs. Kirk's daughter, Mrs. Mary Mann Moyer, was given to Special Collections on January 5, 1987."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery--United States -- Virginia","African Americans -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery--United States -- Virginia","African Americans -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["2.5 Cubic Feet 6 Hollinger document boxes and one oversize box"],"extent_tesim":["2.5 Cubic Feet 6 Hollinger document boxes and one oversize box"],"physfacet_tesim":["about 787 items"],"date_range_isim":[1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers are arranged in three series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries: I) Wilson Cary Nicholas Papers\nSubseries A: Correspondence (Boxes 1-3)\nSubseries B: Financial, Legal, and Miscellaneous Papers (Boxes 3-4)\nSubseries C: Militia Papers (Box 4)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries: II) Randolph Family Papers (Boxes 5-6)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries: III) Drawings, Surveys, etc. (OS Edgehill-Randolph Box).\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers are arranged in three series:","Series: I) Wilson Cary Nicholas Papers\nSubseries A: Correspondence (Boxes 1-3)\nSubseries B: Financial, Legal, and Miscellaneous Papers (Boxes 3-4)\nSubseries C: Militia Papers (Box 4)","Series: II) Randolph Family Papers (Boxes 5-6)","Series: III) Drawings, Surveys, etc. (OS Edgehill-Randolph Box)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilson Cary Nicholas (January 31, 1761-October 10, 1820) was an American politician who served in the U.S. Senate from 1799 to 1804 and was the Governor of Virginia 1814 to 1816. Nicholas was born in Williamsburg, Virginia where he attended the College of William and Mary. According to Nicholas's entry in the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress , he served in the American Revolutionary War as commander of George Washington's Life Guard until the unit disbanded in 1783. This appears to be an error: his entry in American National Biography states that \"he commanded Virginia volunteer units from the fall of 1780 until the following fall, but there is no evidence that he was actually involved in battlefield action.\" He married Margaret Smith of Baltimore, Maryland, and settled at \"Warren\" in Albemarle County where he became a member of the Virginia House of Delegates 1784-1789 and a delegate to the ratifying convention of 1788 which approved the Federal Constitution.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRobert Carter Nicholas (1728-1780) was the nephew of Wilson Cary Nicholas and the son of Dr. George Nicholas and Elizabeth Carter Burwell Nicholas (widow of Nathaniel Burwell) of Williamsburg, Virginia. His father migrated to Virginia; his mother was the daughter of wealthy Virginia landowner, Robert \"King\" Carter of Corotoman . Born January 28, 1728/9, both parents were dead by 1734. He studied law at the College of William and Mary and practiced in the general court under the royal government. He served in the House of Burgesses, 1755-61 as the representative from York County, and from 1766-1775 as the representative of James City County, and was Treasurer for the colony of Virginia, 1766-1775. He was a member of the Virginia General Assembly from 1776 to 1778 and in 1779 was appointed to the high court of chancery. Nicholas married Anne Cary, daughter of Wilson Cary of Warwick County in 1751 and the couple had four daughters and six sons.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Nicholas, born in Williamsburg about 1754, was the son of Robert Carter Nicholas, treasurer of Virginia from 1766 to 1776, and a great grandson of Robert \"King\" Carter. He attended the College of William and Mary and became a noted attorney. Nicholas was a lieutenant colonel in the Continental army but spent much of his time in Baltimore and did not participate in any significant engagements. During service in the House of Delegates in 1778-1779, 1781-1782, 1783, and from 1786 to 1788, the last three terms representing Albemarle County, Nicholas became friendly with James Madison. Elected to the Virginia Ratification Convention of 1788, Nicholas followed Madison's lead and spoke in favor of ratification of the proposed new Constitution. Soon after the convention, he moved west to Kentucky, where he had a distinguished career as an attorney, as a leading member of the Kentucky Constitutional Convention of 1792, and as the first attorney general of the state and professor of law at Transylvania University. Nicholas wrote important letters on western affairs to Madison and to Thomas Jefferson, which George Washington also read, and tried to convince the federal government to increase its military presence in the West to protect settlers from Indian incursions and to secure westerners' access to the Mississippi River. George Nicholas died in Lexington, Kentucky, on July 25, 1799.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\nRobert Carter Nicholas, Sr. (2009, September 8) In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia . Retrieved 13:10, October 15, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Robert_Carter_Nicholas,_Sr.\u0026amp;oldid=312497296\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLibrary of Virginia website: http://www.virginiamemory.com/online_classroom/shaping_the_constitution/people/george_nicholas\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Wilson Cary Nicholas (January 31, 1761-October 10, 1820) was an American politician who served in the U.S. Senate from 1799 to 1804 and was the Governor of Virginia 1814 to 1816. Nicholas was born in Williamsburg, Virginia where he attended the College of William and Mary. According to Nicholas's entry in the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress , he served in the American Revolutionary War as commander of George Washington's Life Guard until the unit disbanded in 1783. This appears to be an error: his entry in American National Biography states that \"he commanded Virginia volunteer units from the fall of 1780 until the following fall, but there is no evidence that he was actually involved in battlefield action.\" He married Margaret Smith of Baltimore, Maryland, and settled at \"Warren\" in Albemarle County where he became a member of the Virginia House of Delegates 1784-1789 and a delegate to the ratifying convention of 1788 which approved the Federal Constitution.","Robert Carter Nicholas (1728-1780) was the nephew of Wilson Cary Nicholas and the son of Dr. George Nicholas and Elizabeth Carter Burwell Nicholas (widow of Nathaniel Burwell) of Williamsburg, Virginia. His father migrated to Virginia; his mother was the daughter of wealthy Virginia landowner, Robert \"King\" Carter of Corotoman . Born January 28, 1728/9, both parents were dead by 1734. He studied law at the College of William and Mary and practiced in the general court under the royal government. He served in the House of Burgesses, 1755-61 as the representative from York County, and from 1766-1775 as the representative of James City County, and was Treasurer for the colony of Virginia, 1766-1775. He was a member of the Virginia General Assembly from 1776 to 1778 and in 1779 was appointed to the high court of chancery. Nicholas married Anne Cary, daughter of Wilson Cary of Warwick County in 1751 and the couple had four daughters and six sons.","George Nicholas, born in Williamsburg about 1754, was the son of Robert Carter Nicholas, treasurer of Virginia from 1766 to 1776, and a great grandson of Robert \"King\" Carter. He attended the College of William and Mary and became a noted attorney. Nicholas was a lieutenant colonel in the Continental army but spent much of his time in Baltimore and did not participate in any significant engagements. During service in the House of Delegates in 1778-1779, 1781-1782, 1783, and from 1786 to 1788, the last three terms representing Albemarle County, Nicholas became friendly with James Madison. Elected to the Virginia Ratification Convention of 1788, Nicholas followed Madison's lead and spoke in favor of ratification of the proposed new Constitution. Soon after the convention, he moved west to Kentucky, where he had a distinguished career as an attorney, as a leading member of the Kentucky Constitutional Convention of 1792, and as the first attorney general of the state and professor of law at Transylvania University. Nicholas wrote important letters on western affairs to Madison and to Thomas Jefferson, which George Washington also read, and tried to convince the federal government to increase its military presence in the West to protect settlers from Indian incursions and to secure westerners' access to the Mississippi River. George Nicholas died in Lexington, Kentucky, on July 25, 1799.","Sources:\nRobert Carter Nicholas, Sr. (2009, September 8) In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia . Retrieved 13:10, October 15, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Robert_Carter_Nicholas,_Sr.\u0026oldid=312497296","Library of Virginia website: http://www.virginiamemory.com/online_classroom/shaping_the_constitution/people/george_nicholas"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains material which discusses enslavement and may contain racist language. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFunding for enhanced description and digitization of this collection was graciously provided by John C.R. Taylor, III.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis record is made available under a Universal 1.0 Public Domain Dedication Creative Commons license. The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library of the University of Virginia makes its bibliographic records and the metadata contained therein available for public use under the CC0 1.0 Public Domain Designation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe word \"slaves\" has been retained in this case because it is in the title of the document.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe word \"slave\" has been retained in this case because it is in the title of the document.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning","Funding","Metadata Rights Declaration","Note:","Note:"],"odd_tesim":["This collection contains material which discusses enslavement and may contain racist language. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","Funding for enhanced description and digitization of this collection was graciously provided by John C.R. Taylor, III.","This record is made available under a Universal 1.0 Public Domain Dedication Creative Commons license. The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library of the University of Virginia makes its bibliographic records and the metadata contained therein available for public use under the CC0 1.0 Public Domain Designation.","The word \"slaves\" has been retained in this case because it is in the title of the document.","The word \"slave\" has been retained in this case because it is in the title of the document."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas, MSS 5533, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas, MSS 5533, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill, (commonly called the Edgehill-Randolph Papers) and the Wilson Cary Nicholas papers, ca. 787 items (6 Hollinger boxes, 2.5 linear shelf feet), ca. 1765-1869, and undated.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill, (commonly called the Edgehill-Randolph Papers) and the Wilson Cary Nicholas papers, ca. 787 items (6 Hollinger boxes, 2.5 linear shelf feet), ca. 1765-1869, and undated."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll items pertaining to Thomas Jefferson have been transferred to the Thomas Jefferson Papers and are described in the online Calendar of the Jefferson Papers of the University of Virginia: Multiple numbers. A search for \"5533\" should find all the Jefferson items formerly in this collection, almost 400 items.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["All items pertaining to Thomas Jefferson have been transferred to the Thomas Jefferson Papers and are described in the online Calendar of the Jefferson Papers of the University of Virginia: Multiple numbers. A search for \"5533\" should find all the Jefferson items formerly in this collection, almost 400 items."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this collection, which were created in 1765-1869, are in the public domain. Permission to publish or reproduce is not required.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in this collection, which were created in 1765-1869, are in the public domain. Permission to publish or reproduce is not required."],"names_coll_ssim":["Edgehill (Albemarle County, Va. : Estate)","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Edgehill (Albemarle County, Va. : Estate)","Randolph family","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Edgehill (Albemarle County, Va. : Estate)"],"famname_ssim":["Randolph family"],"persname_ssim":["Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":653,"online_item_count_is":646,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:27:13.031Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1395","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1395","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1395","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1395","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1395.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/147346","title_filing_ssi":"Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas papers","title_ssm":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas"],"title_tesim":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas"],"unitdate_ssm":["1765-1869"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1765-1869"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 5533","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1395"],"text":["MSS 5533","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1395","Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","African Americans -- Virginia","The collection is open for research use.","The papers are arranged in three series:","Series: I) Wilson Cary Nicholas Papers\nSubseries A: Correspondence (Boxes 1-3)\nSubseries B: Financial, Legal, and Miscellaneous Papers (Boxes 3-4)\nSubseries C: Militia Papers (Box 4)","Series: II) Randolph Family Papers (Boxes 5-6)","Series: III) Drawings, Surveys, etc. (OS Edgehill-Randolph Box).","Wilson Cary Nicholas (January 31, 1761-October 10, 1820) was an American politician who served in the U.S. Senate from 1799 to 1804 and was the Governor of Virginia 1814 to 1816. Nicholas was born in Williamsburg, Virginia where he attended the College of William and Mary. According to Nicholas's entry in the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress , he served in the American Revolutionary War as commander of George Washington's Life Guard until the unit disbanded in 1783. This appears to be an error: his entry in American National Biography states that \"he commanded Virginia volunteer units from the fall of 1780 until the following fall, but there is no evidence that he was actually involved in battlefield action.\" He married Margaret Smith of Baltimore, Maryland, and settled at \"Warren\" in Albemarle County where he became a member of the Virginia House of Delegates 1784-1789 and a delegate to the ratifying convention of 1788 which approved the Federal Constitution.","Robert Carter Nicholas (1728-1780) was the nephew of Wilson Cary Nicholas and the son of Dr. George Nicholas and Elizabeth Carter Burwell Nicholas (widow of Nathaniel Burwell) of Williamsburg, Virginia. His father migrated to Virginia; his mother was the daughter of wealthy Virginia landowner, Robert \"King\" Carter of Corotoman . Born January 28, 1728/9, both parents were dead by 1734. He studied law at the College of William and Mary and practiced in the general court under the royal government. He served in the House of Burgesses, 1755-61 as the representative from York County, and from 1766-1775 as the representative of James City County, and was Treasurer for the colony of Virginia, 1766-1775. He was a member of the Virginia General Assembly from 1776 to 1778 and in 1779 was appointed to the high court of chancery. Nicholas married Anne Cary, daughter of Wilson Cary of Warwick County in 1751 and the couple had four daughters and six sons.","George Nicholas, born in Williamsburg about 1754, was the son of Robert Carter Nicholas, treasurer of Virginia from 1766 to 1776, and a great grandson of Robert \"King\" Carter. He attended the College of William and Mary and became a noted attorney. Nicholas was a lieutenant colonel in the Continental army but spent much of his time in Baltimore and did not participate in any significant engagements. During service in the House of Delegates in 1778-1779, 1781-1782, 1783, and from 1786 to 1788, the last three terms representing Albemarle County, Nicholas became friendly with James Madison. Elected to the Virginia Ratification Convention of 1788, Nicholas followed Madison's lead and spoke in favor of ratification of the proposed new Constitution. Soon after the convention, he moved west to Kentucky, where he had a distinguished career as an attorney, as a leading member of the Kentucky Constitutional Convention of 1792, and as the first attorney general of the state and professor of law at Transylvania University. Nicholas wrote important letters on western affairs to Madison and to Thomas Jefferson, which George Washington also read, and tried to convince the federal government to increase its military presence in the West to protect settlers from Indian incursions and to secure westerners' access to the Mississippi River. George Nicholas died in Lexington, Kentucky, on July 25, 1799.","Sources:\nRobert Carter Nicholas, Sr. (2009, September 8) In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia . Retrieved 13:10, October 15, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Robert_Carter_Nicholas,_Sr.\u0026oldid=312497296","Library of Virginia website: http://www.virginiamemory.com/online_classroom/shaping_the_constitution/people/george_nicholas","This collection contains material which discusses enslavement and may contain racist language. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","Funding for enhanced description and digitization of this collection was graciously provided by John C.R. Taylor, III.","This record is made available under a Universal 1.0 Public Domain Dedication Creative Commons license. The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library of the University of Virginia makes its bibliographic records and the metadata contained therein available for public use under the CC0 1.0 Public Domain Designation.","The word \"slaves\" has been retained in this case because it is in the title of the document.","The word \"slave\" has been retained in this case because it is in the title of the document.","This collection consists of the papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill, (commonly called the Edgehill-Randolph Papers) and the Wilson Cary Nicholas papers, ca. 787 items (6 Hollinger boxes, 2.5 linear shelf feet), ca. 1765-1869, and undated.","All items pertaining to Thomas Jefferson have been transferred to the Thomas Jefferson Papers and are described in the online Calendar of the Jefferson Papers of the University of Virginia: Multiple numbers. A search for \"5533\" should find all the Jefferson items formerly in this collection, almost 400 items.","Materials in this collection, which were created in 1765-1869, are in the public domain. Permission to publish or reproduce is not required.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Edgehill (Albemarle County, Va. : Estate)","Randolph family","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 5533","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1395"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas"],"collection_title_tesim":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Randolph family"],"creator_ssim":["Randolph family"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Randolph family"],"creators_ssim":["Randolph family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in this collection, which were created in 1765-1869, are in the public domain. Permission to publish or reproduce is not required."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was originally loaned to the University of Virginia Library Special Collections Department by Mrs. Page Kirk, Miss Olivia Taylor, and Miss Margaret Taylor, \"Lochlyn,\" Charlottesville, Virginia, on January 29, 1957. Shares held by the Misses Margaret and Olivia Taylor were bequeathed to Special Collections on March 25, 1986. The share held by Mrs. Kirk's daughter, Mrs. Mary Mann Moyer, was given to Special Collections on January 5, 1987."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery--United States -- Virginia","African Americans -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery--United States -- Virginia","African Americans -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["2.5 Cubic Feet 6 Hollinger document boxes and one oversize box"],"extent_tesim":["2.5 Cubic Feet 6 Hollinger document boxes and one oversize box"],"physfacet_tesim":["about 787 items"],"date_range_isim":[1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers are arranged in three series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries: I) Wilson Cary Nicholas Papers\nSubseries A: Correspondence (Boxes 1-3)\nSubseries B: Financial, Legal, and Miscellaneous Papers (Boxes 3-4)\nSubseries C: Militia Papers (Box 4)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries: II) Randolph Family Papers (Boxes 5-6)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries: III) Drawings, Surveys, etc. (OS Edgehill-Randolph Box).\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers are arranged in three series:","Series: I) Wilson Cary Nicholas Papers\nSubseries A: Correspondence (Boxes 1-3)\nSubseries B: Financial, Legal, and Miscellaneous Papers (Boxes 3-4)\nSubseries C: Militia Papers (Box 4)","Series: II) Randolph Family Papers (Boxes 5-6)","Series: III) Drawings, Surveys, etc. (OS Edgehill-Randolph Box)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilson Cary Nicholas (January 31, 1761-October 10, 1820) was an American politician who served in the U.S. Senate from 1799 to 1804 and was the Governor of Virginia 1814 to 1816. Nicholas was born in Williamsburg, Virginia where he attended the College of William and Mary. According to Nicholas's entry in the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress , he served in the American Revolutionary War as commander of George Washington's Life Guard until the unit disbanded in 1783. This appears to be an error: his entry in American National Biography states that \"he commanded Virginia volunteer units from the fall of 1780 until the following fall, but there is no evidence that he was actually involved in battlefield action.\" He married Margaret Smith of Baltimore, Maryland, and settled at \"Warren\" in Albemarle County where he became a member of the Virginia House of Delegates 1784-1789 and a delegate to the ratifying convention of 1788 which approved the Federal Constitution.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRobert Carter Nicholas (1728-1780) was the nephew of Wilson Cary Nicholas and the son of Dr. George Nicholas and Elizabeth Carter Burwell Nicholas (widow of Nathaniel Burwell) of Williamsburg, Virginia. His father migrated to Virginia; his mother was the daughter of wealthy Virginia landowner, Robert \"King\" Carter of Corotoman . Born January 28, 1728/9, both parents were dead by 1734. He studied law at the College of William and Mary and practiced in the general court under the royal government. He served in the House of Burgesses, 1755-61 as the representative from York County, and from 1766-1775 as the representative of James City County, and was Treasurer for the colony of Virginia, 1766-1775. He was a member of the Virginia General Assembly from 1776 to 1778 and in 1779 was appointed to the high court of chancery. Nicholas married Anne Cary, daughter of Wilson Cary of Warwick County in 1751 and the couple had four daughters and six sons.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Nicholas, born in Williamsburg about 1754, was the son of Robert Carter Nicholas, treasurer of Virginia from 1766 to 1776, and a great grandson of Robert \"King\" Carter. He attended the College of William and Mary and became a noted attorney. Nicholas was a lieutenant colonel in the Continental army but spent much of his time in Baltimore and did not participate in any significant engagements. During service in the House of Delegates in 1778-1779, 1781-1782, 1783, and from 1786 to 1788, the last three terms representing Albemarle County, Nicholas became friendly with James Madison. Elected to the Virginia Ratification Convention of 1788, Nicholas followed Madison's lead and spoke in favor of ratification of the proposed new Constitution. Soon after the convention, he moved west to Kentucky, where he had a distinguished career as an attorney, as a leading member of the Kentucky Constitutional Convention of 1792, and as the first attorney general of the state and professor of law at Transylvania University. Nicholas wrote important letters on western affairs to Madison and to Thomas Jefferson, which George Washington also read, and tried to convince the federal government to increase its military presence in the West to protect settlers from Indian incursions and to secure westerners' access to the Mississippi River. George Nicholas died in Lexington, Kentucky, on July 25, 1799.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\nRobert Carter Nicholas, Sr. (2009, September 8) In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia . Retrieved 13:10, October 15, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Robert_Carter_Nicholas,_Sr.\u0026amp;oldid=312497296\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLibrary of Virginia website: http://www.virginiamemory.com/online_classroom/shaping_the_constitution/people/george_nicholas\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Wilson Cary Nicholas (January 31, 1761-October 10, 1820) was an American politician who served in the U.S. Senate from 1799 to 1804 and was the Governor of Virginia 1814 to 1816. Nicholas was born in Williamsburg, Virginia where he attended the College of William and Mary. According to Nicholas's entry in the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress , he served in the American Revolutionary War as commander of George Washington's Life Guard until the unit disbanded in 1783. This appears to be an error: his entry in American National Biography states that \"he commanded Virginia volunteer units from the fall of 1780 until the following fall, but there is no evidence that he was actually involved in battlefield action.\" He married Margaret Smith of Baltimore, Maryland, and settled at \"Warren\" in Albemarle County where he became a member of the Virginia House of Delegates 1784-1789 and a delegate to the ratifying convention of 1788 which approved the Federal Constitution.","Robert Carter Nicholas (1728-1780) was the nephew of Wilson Cary Nicholas and the son of Dr. George Nicholas and Elizabeth Carter Burwell Nicholas (widow of Nathaniel Burwell) of Williamsburg, Virginia. His father migrated to Virginia; his mother was the daughter of wealthy Virginia landowner, Robert \"King\" Carter of Corotoman . Born January 28, 1728/9, both parents were dead by 1734. He studied law at the College of William and Mary and practiced in the general court under the royal government. He served in the House of Burgesses, 1755-61 as the representative from York County, and from 1766-1775 as the representative of James City County, and was Treasurer for the colony of Virginia, 1766-1775. He was a member of the Virginia General Assembly from 1776 to 1778 and in 1779 was appointed to the high court of chancery. Nicholas married Anne Cary, daughter of Wilson Cary of Warwick County in 1751 and the couple had four daughters and six sons.","George Nicholas, born in Williamsburg about 1754, was the son of Robert Carter Nicholas, treasurer of Virginia from 1766 to 1776, and a great grandson of Robert \"King\" Carter. He attended the College of William and Mary and became a noted attorney. Nicholas was a lieutenant colonel in the Continental army but spent much of his time in Baltimore and did not participate in any significant engagements. During service in the House of Delegates in 1778-1779, 1781-1782, 1783, and from 1786 to 1788, the last three terms representing Albemarle County, Nicholas became friendly with James Madison. Elected to the Virginia Ratification Convention of 1788, Nicholas followed Madison's lead and spoke in favor of ratification of the proposed new Constitution. Soon after the convention, he moved west to Kentucky, where he had a distinguished career as an attorney, as a leading member of the Kentucky Constitutional Convention of 1792, and as the first attorney general of the state and professor of law at Transylvania University. Nicholas wrote important letters on western affairs to Madison and to Thomas Jefferson, which George Washington also read, and tried to convince the federal government to increase its military presence in the West to protect settlers from Indian incursions and to secure westerners' access to the Mississippi River. George Nicholas died in Lexington, Kentucky, on July 25, 1799.","Sources:\nRobert Carter Nicholas, Sr. (2009, September 8) In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia . Retrieved 13:10, October 15, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Robert_Carter_Nicholas,_Sr.\u0026oldid=312497296","Library of Virginia website: http://www.virginiamemory.com/online_classroom/shaping_the_constitution/people/george_nicholas"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains material which discusses enslavement and may contain racist language. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFunding for enhanced description and digitization of this collection was graciously provided by John C.R. Taylor, III.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis record is made available under a Universal 1.0 Public Domain Dedication Creative Commons license. The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library of the University of Virginia makes its bibliographic records and the metadata contained therein available for public use under the CC0 1.0 Public Domain Designation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe word \"slaves\" has been retained in this case because it is in the title of the document.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe word \"slave\" has been retained in this case because it is in the title of the document.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning","Funding","Metadata Rights Declaration","Note:","Note:"],"odd_tesim":["This collection contains material which discusses enslavement and may contain racist language. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","Funding for enhanced description and digitization of this collection was graciously provided by John C.R. Taylor, III.","This record is made available under a Universal 1.0 Public Domain Dedication Creative Commons license. The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library of the University of Virginia makes its bibliographic records and the metadata contained therein available for public use under the CC0 1.0 Public Domain Designation.","The word \"slaves\" has been retained in this case because it is in the title of the document.","The word \"slave\" has been retained in this case because it is in the title of the document."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas, MSS 5533, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas, MSS 5533, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill, (commonly called the Edgehill-Randolph Papers) and the Wilson Cary Nicholas papers, ca. 787 items (6 Hollinger boxes, 2.5 linear shelf feet), ca. 1765-1869, and undated.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill, (commonly called the Edgehill-Randolph Papers) and the Wilson Cary Nicholas papers, ca. 787 items (6 Hollinger boxes, 2.5 linear shelf feet), ca. 1765-1869, and undated."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll items pertaining to Thomas Jefferson have been transferred to the Thomas Jefferson Papers and are described in the online Calendar of the Jefferson Papers of the University of Virginia: Multiple numbers. A search for \"5533\" should find all the Jefferson items formerly in this collection, almost 400 items.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["All items pertaining to Thomas Jefferson have been transferred to the Thomas Jefferson Papers and are described in the online Calendar of the Jefferson Papers of the University of Virginia: Multiple numbers. A search for \"5533\" should find all the Jefferson items formerly in this collection, almost 400 items."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this collection, which were created in 1765-1869, are in the public domain. Permission to publish or reproduce is not required.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in this collection, which were created in 1765-1869, are in the public domain. Permission to publish or reproduce is not required."],"names_coll_ssim":["Edgehill (Albemarle County, Va. : Estate)","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Edgehill (Albemarle County, Va. : Estate)","Randolph family","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Edgehill (Albemarle County, Va. : Estate)"],"famname_ssim":["Randolph family"],"persname_ssim":["Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":653,"online_item_count_is":646,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:27:13.031Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1395"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_970","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Thomas H. Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_970#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the manuscript ledger book, \"Record of Deaths\" kept by Thomas H. Brown's Funeral Home, 301 Gill Street, Petersburg, Virginia. This book detailed the funerals of approximately 500 African Americans during the last years of the Great Depression. The volume opens with a twenty-four page alphabetical index, listing the names of the deceased persons with the number of the page for further information about their funerals. Entries for each funeral appear in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_970#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_970","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_970","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_970","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_970","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_970.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/145317","title_filing_ssi":"Thomas Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph","title_ssm":["Thomas H. Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph"],"title_tesim":["Thomas H. Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph"],"unitdate_ssm":["1935-1941"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1935-1941"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.16474","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/970"],"text":["MSS.16474","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/970","Thomas H. Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph","Petersburg (Va.)","Funeral homes","African American families","African American business enterprises","Genealogy","African Americans -- Virginia","African Americans--History--1877-1964","African Americans -- Photographs","This collection open for research.","Thomas Henry Brown  (1864-1952) was a longtime funeral director and civic leader among the African Americans of  Petersburg  and  Hopewell Virginia . Petersburg was a city with a well-established free black community dating back to the late 18th century. Brown lived and worked during Jim Crow segregation which extended to the funeral industry. ","In 1893, he organized the People's Memorial Cemetery Association to save Petersburg's African American cemetery from deteriorating conditions and a possible foreclosure. Brown opened a funeral home in Hopewell about 1916 and remained involved with the locality during its World War I boom years. He was a civic leader in Petersburg and across the state for the rest of his life, continuing his involvement with the cemetery. Brown died of pneumonia in McGuire Veterans Hospital in Richmond on February 8, 1952, and was buried at People's Memorial Cemetery in Petersburg.","This collection contains the manuscript ledger book, \"Record of Deaths\" kept by Thomas H. Brown's Funeral Home, 301 Gill Street, Petersburg, Virginia. This book detailed the funerals of approximately 500 African Americans during the last years of the Great Depression.  The volume opens with a twenty-four page alphabetical index, listing the names of the deceased persons with the number of the page for further information about their funerals. Entries for each funeral appear in chronological order.","In addition to the names of the deceased, most entries also record the dates, persons paying for the funerals and their addresses, services commissioned, the vehicles needed, and the fees for all aspects of the funeral services.  Some entries are more detailed, adding the birth and death dates and places of residence of the deceased, names of parents, final resting places, and other details. The volume is rich in genealogical information for the Petersburg, Virginia, area.","Also included is one black and white photograph, undated, 5 x 7 inches, depicting pallbearers bringing a casket out of Brown's Funeral Home. The casket is covered with an American flag, accompanied by an officer, and the pallbearers appear to be soldiers, so the deceased is probably either a serviceman or a veteran.","This collection has no use restrictions.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Thomas Henry Brown ","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.16474","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/970"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas H. Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas H. Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas H. Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Petersburg (Va.)","Funeral homes"],"geogname_ssim":["Petersburg (Va.)","Funeral homes"],"places_ssim":["Petersburg (Va.)","Funeral homes"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection has no use restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Thomas H. Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph were purchased from the William Reese Company by the Special Collections Library on December 11, 2020."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American families","African American business enterprises","Genealogy","African Americans -- Virginia","African Americans--History--1877-1964","African Americans -- Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American families","African American business enterprises","Genealogy","African Americans -- Virginia","African Americans--History--1877-1964","African Americans -- Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".25 Cubic Feet 1 half legal document box."],"extent_tesim":[".25 Cubic Feet 1 half legal document box."],"genreform_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eThomas Henry Brown \u003c/persname\u003e(1864-1952) was a longtime funeral director and civic leader among the African Americans of \u003cgeogname\u003ePetersburg\u003c/geogname\u003e and \u003cgeogname\u003eHopewell\u003c/geogname\u003e \u003cgeogname\u003eVirginia\u003c/geogname\u003e. Petersburg was a city with a well-established free black community dating back to the late 18th century. Brown lived and worked during Jim Crow segregation which extended to the funeral industry. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1893, he organized the People's Memorial Cemetery Association to save Petersburg's African American cemetery from deteriorating conditions and a possible foreclosure. Brown opened a funeral home in Hopewell about 1916 and remained involved with the locality during its World War I boom years. He was a civic leader in Petersburg and across the state for the rest of his life, continuing his involvement with the cemetery. Brown died of pneumonia in McGuire Veterans Hospital in Richmond on February 8, 1952, and was buried at People's Memorial Cemetery in Petersburg.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Thomas Henry Brown  (1864-1952) was a longtime funeral director and civic leader among the African Americans of  Petersburg  and  Hopewell Virginia . Petersburg was a city with a well-established free black community dating back to the late 18th century. Brown lived and worked during Jim Crow segregation which extended to the funeral industry. ","In 1893, he organized the People's Memorial Cemetery Association to save Petersburg's African American cemetery from deteriorating conditions and a possible foreclosure. Brown opened a funeral home in Hopewell about 1916 and remained involved with the locality during its World War I boom years. He was a civic leader in Petersburg and across the state for the rest of his life, continuing his involvement with the cemetery. Brown died of pneumonia in McGuire Veterans Hospital in Richmond on February 8, 1952, and was buried at People's Memorial Cemetery in Petersburg."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas H. Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph, MSS 16474, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Thomas H. Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph, MSS 16474, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the manuscript ledger book, \"Record of Deaths\" kept by Thomas H. Brown's Funeral Home, 301 Gill Street, Petersburg, Virginia. This book detailed the funerals of approximately 500 African Americans during the last years of the Great Depression.  The volume opens with a twenty-four page alphabetical index, listing the names of the deceased persons with the number of the page for further information about their funerals. Entries for each funeral appear in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the names of the deceased, most entries also record the dates, persons paying for the funerals and their addresses, services commissioned, the vehicles needed, and the fees for all aspects of the funeral services.  Some entries are more detailed, adding the birth and death dates and places of residence of the deceased, names of parents, final resting places, and other details. The volume is rich in genealogical information for the Petersburg, Virginia, area.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso included is one black and white photograph, undated, 5 x 7 inches, depicting pallbearers bringing a casket out of Brown's Funeral Home. The casket is covered with an American flag, accompanied by an officer, and the pallbearers appear to be soldiers, so the deceased is probably either a serviceman or a veteran.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the manuscript ledger book, \"Record of Deaths\" kept by Thomas H. Brown's Funeral Home, 301 Gill Street, Petersburg, Virginia. This book detailed the funerals of approximately 500 African Americans during the last years of the Great Depression.  The volume opens with a twenty-four page alphabetical index, listing the names of the deceased persons with the number of the page for further information about their funerals. Entries for each funeral appear in chronological order.","In addition to the names of the deceased, most entries also record the dates, persons paying for the funerals and their addresses, services commissioned, the vehicles needed, and the fees for all aspects of the funeral services.  Some entries are more detailed, adding the birth and death dates and places of residence of the deceased, names of parents, final resting places, and other details. The volume is rich in genealogical information for the Petersburg, Virginia, area.","Also included is one black and white photograph, undated, 5 x 7 inches, depicting pallbearers bringing a casket out of Brown's Funeral Home. 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Brown died of pneumonia in McGuire Veterans Hospital in Richmond on February 8, 1952, and was buried at People's Memorial Cemetery in Petersburg.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Thomas Henry Brown  (1864-1952) was a longtime funeral director and civic leader among the African Americans of  Petersburg  and  Hopewell Virginia . Petersburg was a city with a well-established free black community dating back to the late 18th century. Brown lived and worked during Jim Crow segregation which extended to the funeral industry. ","In 1893, he organized the People's Memorial Cemetery Association to save Petersburg's African American cemetery from deteriorating conditions and a possible foreclosure. Brown opened a funeral home in Hopewell about 1916 and remained involved with the locality during its World War I boom years. He was a civic leader in Petersburg and across the state for the rest of his life, continuing his involvement with the cemetery. Brown died of pneumonia in McGuire Veterans Hospital in Richmond on February 8, 1952, and was buried at People's Memorial Cemetery in Petersburg."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas H. Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph, MSS 16474, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Thomas H. Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph, MSS 16474, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the manuscript ledger book, \"Record of Deaths\" kept by Thomas H. Brown's Funeral Home, 301 Gill Street, Petersburg, Virginia. This book detailed the funerals of approximately 500 African Americans during the last years of the Great Depression.  The volume opens with a twenty-four page alphabetical index, listing the names of the deceased persons with the number of the page for further information about their funerals. Entries for each funeral appear in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the names of the deceased, most entries also record the dates, persons paying for the funerals and their addresses, services commissioned, the vehicles needed, and the fees for all aspects of the funeral services.  Some entries are more detailed, adding the birth and death dates and places of residence of the deceased, names of parents, final resting places, and other details. 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