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Two photos in black and white feature four Black men in suits exchanging greetings, and a group of young Black children posed in rows with their names written in ink on the photograph."],"names_coll_ssim":["Roanoke County (Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Roanoke County (Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Roanoke County (Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:40:41.031Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1786","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1786","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1786","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1786","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1786.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/221439","title_filing_ssi":"African American programs and photographs from Roanoke, and Wytheville, Virginia","title_ssm":["African American programs and photographs from Roanoke, and Wytheville, Virginia"],"title_tesim":["African American programs and photographs from Roanoke, and Wytheville, Virginia"],"unitdate_ssm":["1954-1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1954-1977"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16901","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1786"],"text":["MSS 16901","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1786","African American programs and photographs from Roanoke, and Wytheville, Virginia","African American children","African American families","Debutante balls","programs (documents)","African Americans -- Photographs","This collection is open for research.","This collection contains four programs and eight photographs documenting mid-twentieth-century African American life in Roanoke and Wytheville, Virginia. Two programs for Debutante Balls hosted by \"The Altruists,\" a club for Black women in Roanoke, are dated 1954 and 1977. The Altruist Club program for 1954 has \"Stella Ednise Miller\" in blue ink on the cover.   A 1958 pamphlet for a Virginia Congress Colored P.T.A. annual work conference held at Scott Memorial School in Wytheville discusses \"The P.T.A. Role in Fields of Education and Community.\" A program for the Lucy Addison High School Choir's annual Christmas concert is dated 1964. Eight undated printed photographs range in subject matter. Six photographs that are in color feature children sightseeing, a man seated with two children, a museum visit, a woman standing alongside two children, a boy smiling, and a woman smiling. Two photos in black and white feature four Black men in suits exchanging greetings, and a group of young Black children posed in rows with their names written in ink on the photograph.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Roanoke County (Va.)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16901","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1786"],"normalized_title_ssm":["African American programs and photographs from Roanoke, and Wytheville, Virginia"],"collection_title_tesim":["African American programs and photographs from Roanoke, and Wytheville, Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["African American programs and photographs from Roanoke, and Wytheville, Virginia"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from Caroliniana Rare Books to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 23 April 2025. Acquired from an estate."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American children","African American families","Debutante balls","programs (documents)","African Americans -- Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American children","African American families","Debutante balls","programs (documents)","African Americans -- Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.03 Cubic Feet One letter-size file folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.03 Cubic Feet One letter-size file folder"],"genreform_ssim":["programs (documents)","African Americans -- Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16901, African American programs and photographs from Roanoke, and Wytheville, Virginia, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16901, African American programs and photographs from Roanoke, and Wytheville, Virginia, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains four programs and eight photographs documenting mid-twentieth-century African American life in Roanoke and Wytheville, Virginia. Two programs for Debutante Balls hosted by \"The Altruists,\" a club for Black women in Roanoke, are dated 1954 and 1977. The Altruist Club program for 1954 has \"Stella Ednise Miller\" in blue ink on the cover.   A 1958 pamphlet for a Virginia Congress Colored P.T.A. annual work conference held at Scott Memorial School in Wytheville discusses \"The P.T.A. Role in Fields of Education and Community.\" A program for the Lucy Addison High School Choir's annual Christmas concert is dated 1964. Eight undated printed photographs range in subject matter. Six photographs that are in color feature children sightseeing, a man seated with two children, a museum visit, a woman standing alongside two children, a boy smiling, and a woman smiling. Two photos in black and white feature four Black men in suits exchanging greetings, and a group of young Black children posed in rows with their names written in ink on the photograph.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains four programs and eight photographs documenting mid-twentieth-century African American life in Roanoke and Wytheville, Virginia. Two programs for Debutante Balls hosted by \"The Altruists,\" a club for Black women in Roanoke, are dated 1954 and 1977. The Altruist Club program for 1954 has \"Stella Ednise Miller\" in blue ink on the cover.   A 1958 pamphlet for a Virginia Congress Colored P.T.A. annual work conference held at Scott Memorial School in Wytheville discusses \"The P.T.A. Role in Fields of Education and Community.\" A program for the Lucy Addison High School Choir's annual Christmas concert is dated 1964. Eight undated printed photographs range in subject matter. Six photographs that are in color feature children sightseeing, a man seated with two children, a museum visit, a woman standing alongside two children, a boy smiling, and a woman smiling. Two photos in black and white feature four Black men in suits exchanging greetings, and a group of young Black children posed in rows with their names written in ink on the photograph."],"names_coll_ssim":["Roanoke County (Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Roanoke County (Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Roanoke County (Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:40:41.031Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1786"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Collection of African American Children photographs","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1555#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Max Rambod","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1555#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains ninety-eight photographs of African American children and families at home and play from about the 1950s to the 1990s. Measurements range from 6\" X 4\" to 2\" X 2\" inches and are in color and black and white. Several subjects recur throughout the archive. All are unidentified; only three have any annotations on the back. The photographed figures, primarily children but some family shots included, are captured within their homes or playing outside. Activities include playing, swimming, posing, and celebrating holidays and special occasions.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1555#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1555.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/190890","title_filing_ssi":"African American Children photographs","title_ssm":["Collection of African American Children photographs"],"title_tesim":["Collection of African American Children photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1950s-1990s"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["c. 1950s-1990s"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16798","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1555"],"text":["MSS 16798","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1555","Collection of African American Children photographs","African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Photographs","The collection is open for research use.","These photographs show Black children enjoying childhood, posing beside Christmas trees and held fast in the arms of their grandmothers. Black joy is a phrase used by historians to highlight the positive aspects of Black history separate from its suffering. Representations of African Americans living lives at once ordinary and inspired, both deeply personal and universal, is an integral piece of any American history archive. \"Expressions and acts of Black joy are often enouraged as a way for Black people to fully be themselves and form a sense of community as a response to systems that devalue them and stifle their self-expression. In this way, engaging in and sharing experiences of Black joy are seen not as ways of ignoring opression but as acts of resistance against it.\"","This collection contains ninety-eight photographs of African American children and families at home and play from about the 1950s to the 1990s. Measurements range from 6\" X 4\" to 2\" X 2\" inches and are in color and black and white. Several subjects recur throughout the archive. All are unidentified; only three have any annotations on the back. The photographed figures, primarily children but some family shots included, are captured within their homes or playing outside. Activities include playing, swimming, posing, and celebrating holidays and special occasions.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16798","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1555"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Collection of African American Children photographs"],"collection_title_tesim":["Collection of African American Children photographs"],"collection_ssim":["Collection of African American Children photographs"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creators_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Max Rambod Inc. by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 01 March 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.06 Cubic Feet 2 letter size folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.06 Cubic Feet 2 letter size folders"],"genreform_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese photographs show Black children enjoying childhood, posing beside Christmas trees and held fast in the arms of their grandmothers. Black joy is a phrase used by historians to highlight the positive aspects of Black history separate from its suffering. Representations of African Americans living lives at once ordinary and inspired, both deeply personal and universal, is an integral piece of any American history archive. \"Expressions and acts of Black joy are often enouraged as a way for Black people to fully be themselves and form a sense of community as a response to systems that devalue them and stifle their self-expression. In this way, engaging in and sharing experiences of Black joy are seen not as ways of ignoring opression but as acts of resistance against it.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["These photographs show Black children enjoying childhood, posing beside Christmas trees and held fast in the arms of their grandmothers. Black joy is a phrase used by historians to highlight the positive aspects of Black history separate from its suffering. Representations of African Americans living lives at once ordinary and inspired, both deeply personal and universal, is an integral piece of any American history archive. \"Expressions and acts of Black joy are often enouraged as a way for Black people to fully be themselves and form a sense of community as a response to systems that devalue them and stifle their self-expression. In this way, engaging in and sharing experiences of Black joy are seen not as ways of ignoring opression but as acts of resistance against it.\""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16798, Collection of African American Children photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16798, Collection of African American Children photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains ninety-eight photographs of African American children and families at home and play from about the 1950s to the 1990s. Measurements range from 6\" X 4\" to 2\" X 2\" inches and are in color and black and white. Several subjects recur throughout the archive. All are unidentified; only three have any annotations on the back. The photographed figures, primarily children but some family shots included, are captured within their homes or playing outside. Activities include playing, swimming, posing, and celebrating holidays and special occasions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains ninety-eight photographs of African American children and families at home and play from about the 1950s to the 1990s. Measurements range from 6\" X 4\" to 2\" X 2\" inches and are in color and black and white. Several subjects recur throughout the archive. All are unidentified; only three have any annotations on the back. The photographed figures, primarily children but some family shots included, are captured within their homes or playing outside. Activities include playing, swimming, posing, and celebrating holidays and special occasions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:42:36.315Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1555.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/190890","title_filing_ssi":"African American Children photographs","title_ssm":["Collection of African American Children photographs"],"title_tesim":["Collection of African American Children photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1950s-1990s"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["c. 1950s-1990s"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16798","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1555"],"text":["MSS 16798","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1555","Collection of African American Children photographs","African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Photographs","The collection is open for research use.","These photographs show Black children enjoying childhood, posing beside Christmas trees and held fast in the arms of their grandmothers. Black joy is a phrase used by historians to highlight the positive aspects of Black history separate from its suffering. Representations of African Americans living lives at once ordinary and inspired, both deeply personal and universal, is an integral piece of any American history archive. \"Expressions and acts of Black joy are often enouraged as a way for Black people to fully be themselves and form a sense of community as a response to systems that devalue them and stifle their self-expression. In this way, engaging in and sharing experiences of Black joy are seen not as ways of ignoring opression but as acts of resistance against it.\"","This collection contains ninety-eight photographs of African American children and families at home and play from about the 1950s to the 1990s. Measurements range from 6\" X 4\" to 2\" X 2\" inches and are in color and black and white. Several subjects recur throughout the archive. All are unidentified; only three have any annotations on the back. The photographed figures, primarily children but some family shots included, are captured within their homes or playing outside. Activities include playing, swimming, posing, and celebrating holidays and special occasions.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16798","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1555"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Collection of African American Children photographs"],"collection_title_tesim":["Collection of African American Children photographs"],"collection_ssim":["Collection of African American Children photographs"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creators_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Max Rambod Inc. by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 01 March 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.06 Cubic Feet 2 letter size folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.06 Cubic Feet 2 letter size folders"],"genreform_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese photographs show Black children enjoying childhood, posing beside Christmas trees and held fast in the arms of their grandmothers. Black joy is a phrase used by historians to highlight the positive aspects of Black history separate from its suffering. Representations of African Americans living lives at once ordinary and inspired, both deeply personal and universal, is an integral piece of any American history archive. \"Expressions and acts of Black joy are often enouraged as a way for Black people to fully be themselves and form a sense of community as a response to systems that devalue them and stifle their self-expression. In this way, engaging in and sharing experiences of Black joy are seen not as ways of ignoring opression but as acts of resistance against it.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["These photographs show Black children enjoying childhood, posing beside Christmas trees and held fast in the arms of their grandmothers. Black joy is a phrase used by historians to highlight the positive aspects of Black history separate from its suffering. Representations of African Americans living lives at once ordinary and inspired, both deeply personal and universal, is an integral piece of any American history archive. \"Expressions and acts of Black joy are often enouraged as a way for Black people to fully be themselves and form a sense of community as a response to systems that devalue them and stifle their self-expression. In this way, engaging in and sharing experiences of Black joy are seen not as ways of ignoring opression but as acts of resistance against it.\""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16798, Collection of African American Children photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16798, Collection of African American Children photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains ninety-eight photographs of African American children and families at home and play from about the 1950s to the 1990s. Measurements range from 6\" X 4\" to 2\" X 2\" inches and are in color and black and white. Several subjects recur throughout the archive. All are unidentified; only three have any annotations on the back. The photographed figures, primarily children but some family shots included, are captured within their homes or playing outside. Activities include playing, swimming, posing, and celebrating holidays and special occasions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains ninety-eight photographs of African American children and families at home and play from about the 1950s to the 1990s. Measurements range from 6\" X 4\" to 2\" X 2\" inches and are in color and black and white. Several subjects recur throughout the archive. All are unidentified; only three have any annotations on the back. The photographed figures, primarily children but some family shots included, are captured within their homes or playing outside. Activities include playing, swimming, posing, and celebrating holidays and special occasions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:42:36.315Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1555"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1485","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Collection of photographs of African American Men and Boys from New Orleans","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1485#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains three photographs with captions on the verso, \"Black children and men taken in or near New Orleans.\" These images were taken \"en route\" to New Orleans, possibly from a train, in the 1930s. One photograph shows a group of young boys on a street with an inscription on the reverse that says \"New Orleans.\" Another depicts three boys and one older man singing on train tracks with an inscription that reads \"En Route to New Orleans/ Kids singing.\" The last is a photograph of three boys tumbling on train tracks, with the inscription \"En route to New Orleans/ scrambling for money.\" The photographs are black and white gelatin silver measuring 3 x 5.5 inches\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1485#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1485","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1485","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1485","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1485","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1485.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/188834","title_filing_ssi":"Collection of African American Men and Boys from New Orleans","title_ssm":["Collection of photographs of African American Men and Boys from New Orleans"],"title_tesim":["Collection of photographs of African American Men and Boys from New Orleans"],"unitdate_ssm":["c.1930"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["c.1930"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16760","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1485"],"text":["MSS 16760","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1485","Collection of photographs of African American Men and Boys from New Orleans","Louisiana -- New Orleans","African American young men","African Americans","African Americans -- Photographs","The collection is open for research use.","This collection contains three photographs with captions on the verso, \"Black children and men taken in or near New Orleans.\" These images were taken \"en route\" to New Orleans, possibly from a train, in the 1930s.  One photograph shows a group of young boys on a street with an inscription on the reverse that says \"New Orleans.\"  Another depicts three boys and one older man singing on train tracks with an inscription that reads \"En Route to New Orleans/ Kids singing.\" The last is a photograph of three boys tumbling on train tracks, with the inscription \"En route to  New Orleans/ scrambling for money.\" The photographs are black and white gelatin silver  measuring 3 x 5.5 inches","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16760","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1485"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Collection of photographs of African American Men and Boys from New Orleans"],"collection_title_tesim":["Collection of photographs of African American Men and Boys from New Orleans"],"collection_ssim":["Collection of photographs of African American Men and Boys from New Orleans"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Louisiana -- New Orleans"],"geogname_ssim":["Louisiana -- New Orleans"],"places_ssim":["Louisiana -- New Orleans"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Between the Covers, Rare Books., Inc. by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 10 January 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American young men","African Americans","African Americans -- Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American young men","African Americans","African Americans -- Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter-sized folder"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter-sized folder"],"genreform_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1930],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16760, Collection of African American Men and Boys from New Orleans, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16760, Collection of African American Men and Boys from New Orleans, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains three photographs with captions on the verso, \"Black children and men taken in or near New Orleans.\" These images were taken \"en route\" to New Orleans, possibly from a train, in the 1930s.  One photograph shows a group of young boys on a street with an inscription on the reverse that says \"New Orleans.\"  Another depicts three boys and one older man singing on train tracks with an inscription that reads \"En Route to New Orleans/ Kids singing.\" The last is a photograph of three boys tumbling on train tracks, with the inscription \"En route to  New Orleans/ scrambling for money.\" The photographs are black and white gelatin silver  measuring 3 x 5.5 inches\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains three photographs with captions on the verso, \"Black children and men taken in or near New Orleans.\" These images were taken \"en route\" to New Orleans, possibly from a train, in the 1930s.  One photograph shows a group of young boys on a street with an inscription on the reverse that says \"New Orleans.\"  Another depicts three boys and one older man singing on train tracks with an inscription that reads \"En Route to New Orleans/ Kids singing.\" The last is a photograph of three boys tumbling on train tracks, with the inscription \"En route to  New Orleans/ scrambling for money.\" The photographs are black and white gelatin silver  measuring 3 x 5.5 inches"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:41:59.842Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1485","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1485","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1485","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1485","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1485.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/188834","title_filing_ssi":"Collection of African American Men and Boys from New Orleans","title_ssm":["Collection of photographs of African American Men and Boys from New Orleans"],"title_tesim":["Collection of photographs of African American Men and Boys from New Orleans"],"unitdate_ssm":["c.1930"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["c.1930"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16760","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1485"],"text":["MSS 16760","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1485","Collection of photographs of African American Men and Boys from New Orleans","Louisiana -- New Orleans","African American young men","African Americans","African Americans -- Photographs","The collection is open for research use.","This collection contains three photographs with captions on the verso, \"Black children and men taken in or near New Orleans.\" These images were taken \"en route\" to New Orleans, possibly from a train, in the 1930s.  One photograph shows a group of young boys on a street with an inscription on the reverse that says \"New Orleans.\"  Another depicts three boys and one older man singing on train tracks with an inscription that reads \"En Route to New Orleans/ Kids singing.\" The last is a photograph of three boys tumbling on train tracks, with the inscription \"En route to  New Orleans/ scrambling for money.\" The photographs are black and white gelatin silver  measuring 3 x 5.5 inches","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16760","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1485"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Collection of photographs of African American Men and Boys from New Orleans"],"collection_title_tesim":["Collection of photographs of African American Men and Boys from New Orleans"],"collection_ssim":["Collection of photographs of African American Men and Boys from New Orleans"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Louisiana -- New Orleans"],"geogname_ssim":["Louisiana -- New Orleans"],"places_ssim":["Louisiana -- New Orleans"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Between the Covers, Rare Books., Inc. by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 10 January 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American young men","African Americans","African Americans -- Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American young men","African Americans","African Americans -- Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter-sized folder"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter-sized folder"],"genreform_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1930],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16760, Collection of African American Men and Boys from New Orleans, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16760, Collection of African American Men and Boys from New Orleans, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains three photographs with captions on the verso, \"Black children and men taken in or near New Orleans.\" These images were taken \"en route\" to New Orleans, possibly from a train, in the 1930s.  One photograph shows a group of young boys on a street with an inscription on the reverse that says \"New Orleans.\"  Another depicts three boys and one older man singing on train tracks with an inscription that reads \"En Route to New Orleans/ Kids singing.\" The last is a photograph of three boys tumbling on train tracks, with the inscription \"En route to  New Orleans/ scrambling for money.\" The photographs are black and white gelatin silver  measuring 3 x 5.5 inches\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains three photographs with captions on the verso, \"Black children and men taken in or near New Orleans.\" These images were taken \"en route\" to New Orleans, possibly from a train, in the 1930s.  One photograph shows a group of young boys on a street with an inscription on the reverse that says \"New Orleans.\"  Another depicts three boys and one older man singing on train tracks with an inscription that reads \"En Route to New Orleans/ Kids singing.\" The last is a photograph of three boys tumbling on train tracks, with the inscription \"En route to  New Orleans/ scrambling for money.\" The photographs are black and white gelatin silver  measuring 3 x 5.5 inches"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:41:59.842Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1485"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1524","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Florynce Kennedy photographs","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1524#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"James Arsenault and Co.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1524#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains four black and white photographs (roughly trimmed to 8 x 10 inches or slightly larger) featuring Florynce 'Flo' Kennedy (1916-2000) speaking. Kennedy was an American lawyer, feminist, and activist who founded the Feminist Party in 1971. Each photograph is stamped in red ink with the Examiner Reference Library. The stamps are dated 1973-1976. Three photos include a newspaper clipping of the same image pasted onto the verso, with \"Examiner\" captioning the photo and including photo credits including Paul Gines, Lynott, and Teresa Zabaia. One picture is stamped with a caption on the verso: \"Flo Kennedy at Hookers Convention.\"\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1524#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1524","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1524","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1524","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1524","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1524.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/189457","title_filing_ssi":"Kennedy Florynce photographs","title_ssm":["Florynce Kennedy photographs"],"title_tesim":["Florynce Kennedy photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["c.1973-1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c.1973-1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16784","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1524"],"text":["MSS 16784","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1524","Florynce Kennedy photographs","Women political activists","African Americans -- Civil rights","Feminism -- United States","African Americans -- Photographs","The collection is open for research use.","Florynce Kennedy (February 11, 1916 – December 21, 2000) was an American lawyer, radical feminist, civil rights advocate, lecturer, entertainer, and activist. ","She experienced poverty in the Great Depression and racism in her mostly white neighborhood but was given a strong sense of identity and security from her parents. Kennedy remembered a time when her father had to be armed with a shotgun in order to ward off the Ku Klux Klan presence that was trying to drive her family out.","In 1944 she began classes at Columbia University School of General Studies, majoring in pre-law and graduated in 1949. However, when she applied to the university's law school, she was refused admission. Kennedy met with the dean and threatened to sue the school. They admitted her. She was the only black person among eight women in her class. Kennedy graduated from Columbia Law School in 1951.","\nIn 1971 she founded the Feminist Party, which nominated Shirley Chisholm for president. She also helped found the National Women's Political Caucus. Kennedy was a lawyer for the Women's Health Collective and 350 plaintiffs in a similar lawsuit about abortion in New York. She worked tirelessly for women's issues and to defeat all oppression. According to Sherie Randolph, in her book Florynce \"Flo\" Kennedy: The Life of a Radical Black Feminist, ","\"My main message is that we have a pathologically, institutionally racist, sexist, classist society. And that niggerizing techniques that are used don't only damage black people, but they also damage women, gay people, ex-prison inmates, prostitutes, children, old people, handicapped people, native Americans. And that if we can begin to analyze the pathology of oppression… we would learn a lot about how to deal with it.\" ","Kennedy kept revisiting the same aim: \"urging women to examine the sources of their oppression. She spoke of day to day acts of resistance that we can all take...\" ","In 1997, Kennedy received a Lifetime Courageous Activist Award, and the following year was honored by Columbia University with their Owl Award for outstanding graduates. In 1999, the City University of New York awarded her the Century Award.","Florynce describes herself in this way, \"I'm just a loud-mouthed middle-aged colored lady with a fused spine and three feet of intestines missing and a lot of people think I'm crazy. Maybe you do too, but I never stop to wonder why I'm not like other people. The mystery to me is why more people aren't like me.\"","With an immeasurable impact on civil rights and equality for all, Kennedy's legacy serves as a reminder that Black women are often at the core of social and political progress, despite being overlooked by history. An empowering figure for women today, Kennedy is remembered for her flamboyance and ferocity that she never apologized for. ","Source:\n\"Florynce Kennedy.\" Wikipedia. Accessed 5/30/23.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florynce_Kennedy","Militano, Hannah. \"Who Was Flo Kennedy? Learn All About the Fiery Black Feminist and Civil Rights Activist.\" L'Officiel.2/09/21.\nhttps://www.lofficielusa.com/politics-culture/who-was-florynce-flo-kennedy-black-feminist-activist","This collection contains four black and white photographs (roughly trimmed to 8 x 10 inches or slightly larger) featuring  Florynce 'Flo' Kennedy (1916-2000) speaking. Kennedy was an American lawyer, feminist, and activist who founded the Feminist Party in 1971. Each photograph is stamped in red ink with the Examiner Reference Library. The stamps are dated 1973-1976. Three photos include a newspaper clipping of the same image pasted onto the verso, with \"Examiner\" captioning the photo and including photo credits including Paul Gines, Lynott, and Teresa Zabaia. One picture is stamped with a caption on the verso: \"Flo Kennedy at Hookers Convention.\"","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Kennedy, Florynce, 1916-2000","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16784","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1524"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Florynce Kennedy photographs"],"collection_title_tesim":["Florynce Kennedy photographs"],"collection_ssim":["Florynce Kennedy photographs"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creator_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creators_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from James Arenenault by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 03 March 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women political activists","African Americans -- Civil rights","Feminism -- United States","African Americans -- Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women political activists","African Americans -- Civil rights","Feminism -- United States","African Americans -- Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"physfacet_tesim":["4 letter-sized photographs"],"genreform_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1973,1974,1975,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFlorynce Kennedy (February 11, 1916 – December 21, 2000) was an American lawyer, radical feminist, civil rights advocate, lecturer, entertainer, and activist. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShe experienced poverty in the Great Depression and racism in her mostly white neighborhood but was given a strong sense of identity and security from her parents. Kennedy remembered a time when her father had to be armed with a shotgun in order to ward off the Ku Klux Klan presence that was trying to drive her family out.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1944 she began classes at Columbia University School of General Studies, majoring in pre-law and graduated in 1949. However, when she applied to the university's law school, she was refused admission. Kennedy met with the dean and threatened to sue the school. They admitted her. She was the only black person among eight women in her class. Kennedy graduated from Columbia Law School in 1951.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1971 she founded the Feminist Party, which nominated Shirley Chisholm for president. She also helped found the National Women's Political Caucus. Kennedy was a lawyer for the Women's Health Collective and 350 plaintiffs in a similar lawsuit about abortion in New York. She worked tirelessly for women's issues and to defeat all oppression. According to Sherie Randolph, in her book Florynce \"Flo\" Kennedy: The Life of a Radical Black Feminist, \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"My main message is that we have a pathologically, institutionally racist, sexist, classist society. And that niggerizing techniques that are used don't only damage black people, but they also damage women, gay people, ex-prison inmates, prostitutes, children, old people, handicapped people, native Americans. And that if we can begin to analyze the pathology of oppression… we would learn a lot about how to deal with it.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eKennedy kept revisiting the same aim: \"urging women to examine the sources of their oppression. She spoke of day to day acts of resistance that we can all take...\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1997, Kennedy received a Lifetime Courageous Activist Award, and the following year was honored by Columbia University with their Owl Award for outstanding graduates. In 1999, the City University of New York awarded her the Century Award.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFlorynce describes herself in this way, \"I'm just a loud-mouthed middle-aged colored lady with a fused spine and three feet of intestines missing and a lot of people think I'm crazy. Maybe you do too, but I never stop to wonder why I'm not like other people. The mystery to me is why more people aren't like me.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith an immeasurable impact on civil rights and equality for all, Kennedy's legacy serves as a reminder that Black women are often at the core of social and political progress, despite being overlooked by history. An empowering figure for women today, Kennedy is remembered for her flamboyance and ferocity that she never apologized for. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource:\n\"Florynce Kennedy.\" Wikipedia. Accessed 5/30/23.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florynce_Kennedy\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMilitano, Hannah. \"Who Was Flo Kennedy? Learn All About the Fiery Black Feminist and Civil Rights Activist.\" L'Officiel.2/09/21.\nhttps://www.lofficielusa.com/politics-culture/who-was-florynce-flo-kennedy-black-feminist-activist\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Florynce Kennedy (February 11, 1916 – December 21, 2000) was an American lawyer, radical feminist, civil rights advocate, lecturer, entertainer, and activist. ","She experienced poverty in the Great Depression and racism in her mostly white neighborhood but was given a strong sense of identity and security from her parents. Kennedy remembered a time when her father had to be armed with a shotgun in order to ward off the Ku Klux Klan presence that was trying to drive her family out.","In 1944 she began classes at Columbia University School of General Studies, majoring in pre-law and graduated in 1949. However, when she applied to the university's law school, she was refused admission. Kennedy met with the dean and threatened to sue the school. They admitted her. She was the only black person among eight women in her class. Kennedy graduated from Columbia Law School in 1951.","\nIn 1971 she founded the Feminist Party, which nominated Shirley Chisholm for president. She also helped found the National Women's Political Caucus. Kennedy was a lawyer for the Women's Health Collective and 350 plaintiffs in a similar lawsuit about abortion in New York. She worked tirelessly for women's issues and to defeat all oppression. According to Sherie Randolph, in her book Florynce \"Flo\" Kennedy: The Life of a Radical Black Feminist, ","\"My main message is that we have a pathologically, institutionally racist, sexist, classist society. And that niggerizing techniques that are used don't only damage black people, but they also damage women, gay people, ex-prison inmates, prostitutes, children, old people, handicapped people, native Americans. And that if we can begin to analyze the pathology of oppression… we would learn a lot about how to deal with it.\" ","Kennedy kept revisiting the same aim: \"urging women to examine the sources of their oppression. She spoke of day to day acts of resistance that we can all take...\" ","In 1997, Kennedy received a Lifetime Courageous Activist Award, and the following year was honored by Columbia University with their Owl Award for outstanding graduates. In 1999, the City University of New York awarded her the Century Award.","Florynce describes herself in this way, \"I'm just a loud-mouthed middle-aged colored lady with a fused spine and three feet of intestines missing and a lot of people think I'm crazy. Maybe you do too, but I never stop to wonder why I'm not like other people. The mystery to me is why more people aren't like me.\"","With an immeasurable impact on civil rights and equality for all, Kennedy's legacy serves as a reminder that Black women are often at the core of social and political progress, despite being overlooked by history. An empowering figure for women today, Kennedy is remembered for her flamboyance and ferocity that she never apologized for. ","Source:\n\"Florynce Kennedy.\" Wikipedia. Accessed 5/30/23.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florynce_Kennedy","Militano, Hannah. \"Who Was Flo Kennedy? Learn All About the Fiery Black Feminist and Civil Rights Activist.\" L'Officiel.2/09/21.\nhttps://www.lofficielusa.com/politics-culture/who-was-florynce-flo-kennedy-black-feminist-activist"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16784, Florynce Kennedy photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16784, Florynce Kennedy photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains four black and white photographs (roughly trimmed to 8 x 10 inches or slightly larger) featuring  Florynce 'Flo' Kennedy (1916-2000) speaking. Kennedy was an American lawyer, feminist, and activist who founded the Feminist Party in 1971. Each photograph is stamped in red ink with the Examiner Reference Library. The stamps are dated 1973-1976. Three photos include a newspaper clipping of the same image pasted onto the verso, with \"Examiner\" captioning the photo and including photo credits including Paul Gines, Lynott, and Teresa Zabaia. One picture is stamped with a caption on the verso: \"Flo Kennedy at Hookers Convention.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains four black and white photographs (roughly trimmed to 8 x 10 inches or slightly larger) featuring  Florynce 'Flo' Kennedy (1916-2000) speaking. Kennedy was an American lawyer, feminist, and activist who founded the Feminist Party in 1971. Each photograph is stamped in red ink with the Examiner Reference Library. The stamps are dated 1973-1976. Three photos include a newspaper clipping of the same image pasted onto the verso, with \"Examiner\" captioning the photo and including photo credits including Paul Gines, Lynott, and Teresa Zabaia. One picture is stamped with a caption on the verso: \"Flo Kennedy at Hookers Convention.\""],"names_coll_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co.","Kennedy, Florynce, 1916-2000"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Kennedy, Florynce, 1916-2000"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co."],"persname_ssim":["Kennedy, Florynce, 1916-2000"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:45:42.675Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1524","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1524","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1524","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1524","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1524.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/189457","title_filing_ssi":"Kennedy Florynce photographs","title_ssm":["Florynce Kennedy photographs"],"title_tesim":["Florynce Kennedy photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["c.1973-1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c.1973-1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16784","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1524"],"text":["MSS 16784","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1524","Florynce Kennedy photographs","Women political activists","African Americans -- Civil rights","Feminism -- United States","African Americans -- Photographs","The collection is open for research use.","Florynce Kennedy (February 11, 1916 – December 21, 2000) was an American lawyer, radical feminist, civil rights advocate, lecturer, entertainer, and activist. ","She experienced poverty in the Great Depression and racism in her mostly white neighborhood but was given a strong sense of identity and security from her parents. Kennedy remembered a time when her father had to be armed with a shotgun in order to ward off the Ku Klux Klan presence that was trying to drive her family out.","In 1944 she began classes at Columbia University School of General Studies, majoring in pre-law and graduated in 1949. However, when she applied to the university's law school, she was refused admission. Kennedy met with the dean and threatened to sue the school. They admitted her. She was the only black person among eight women in her class. Kennedy graduated from Columbia Law School in 1951.","\nIn 1971 she founded the Feminist Party, which nominated Shirley Chisholm for president. She also helped found the National Women's Political Caucus. Kennedy was a lawyer for the Women's Health Collective and 350 plaintiffs in a similar lawsuit about abortion in New York. She worked tirelessly for women's issues and to defeat all oppression. According to Sherie Randolph, in her book Florynce \"Flo\" Kennedy: The Life of a Radical Black Feminist, ","\"My main message is that we have a pathologically, institutionally racist, sexist, classist society. And that niggerizing techniques that are used don't only damage black people, but they also damage women, gay people, ex-prison inmates, prostitutes, children, old people, handicapped people, native Americans. And that if we can begin to analyze the pathology of oppression… we would learn a lot about how to deal with it.\" ","Kennedy kept revisiting the same aim: \"urging women to examine the sources of their oppression. She spoke of day to day acts of resistance that we can all take...\" ","In 1997, Kennedy received a Lifetime Courageous Activist Award, and the following year was honored by Columbia University with their Owl Award for outstanding graduates. In 1999, the City University of New York awarded her the Century Award.","Florynce describes herself in this way, \"I'm just a loud-mouthed middle-aged colored lady with a fused spine and three feet of intestines missing and a lot of people think I'm crazy. Maybe you do too, but I never stop to wonder why I'm not like other people. The mystery to me is why more people aren't like me.\"","With an immeasurable impact on civil rights and equality for all, Kennedy's legacy serves as a reminder that Black women are often at the core of social and political progress, despite being overlooked by history. An empowering figure for women today, Kennedy is remembered for her flamboyance and ferocity that she never apologized for. ","Source:\n\"Florynce Kennedy.\" Wikipedia. Accessed 5/30/23.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florynce_Kennedy","Militano, Hannah. \"Who Was Flo Kennedy? Learn All About the Fiery Black Feminist and Civil Rights Activist.\" L'Officiel.2/09/21.\nhttps://www.lofficielusa.com/politics-culture/who-was-florynce-flo-kennedy-black-feminist-activist","This collection contains four black and white photographs (roughly trimmed to 8 x 10 inches or slightly larger) featuring  Florynce 'Flo' Kennedy (1916-2000) speaking. Kennedy was an American lawyer, feminist, and activist who founded the Feminist Party in 1971. Each photograph is stamped in red ink with the Examiner Reference Library. The stamps are dated 1973-1976. Three photos include a newspaper clipping of the same image pasted onto the verso, with \"Examiner\" captioning the photo and including photo credits including Paul Gines, Lynott, and Teresa Zabaia. One picture is stamped with a caption on the verso: \"Flo Kennedy at Hookers Convention.\"","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Kennedy, Florynce, 1916-2000","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16784","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1524"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Florynce Kennedy photographs"],"collection_title_tesim":["Florynce Kennedy photographs"],"collection_ssim":["Florynce Kennedy photographs"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creator_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creators_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from James Arenenault by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 03 March 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women political activists","African Americans -- Civil rights","Feminism -- United States","African Americans -- Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women political activists","African Americans -- Civil rights","Feminism -- United States","African Americans -- Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"physfacet_tesim":["4 letter-sized photographs"],"genreform_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1973,1974,1975,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFlorynce Kennedy (February 11, 1916 – December 21, 2000) was an American lawyer, radical feminist, civil rights advocate, lecturer, entertainer, and activist. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShe experienced poverty in the Great Depression and racism in her mostly white neighborhood but was given a strong sense of identity and security from her parents. Kennedy remembered a time when her father had to be armed with a shotgun in order to ward off the Ku Klux Klan presence that was trying to drive her family out.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1944 she began classes at Columbia University School of General Studies, majoring in pre-law and graduated in 1949. However, when she applied to the university's law school, she was refused admission. Kennedy met with the dean and threatened to sue the school. They admitted her. She was the only black person among eight women in her class. Kennedy graduated from Columbia Law School in 1951.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1971 she founded the Feminist Party, which nominated Shirley Chisholm for president. She also helped found the National Women's Political Caucus. Kennedy was a lawyer for the Women's Health Collective and 350 plaintiffs in a similar lawsuit about abortion in New York. She worked tirelessly for women's issues and to defeat all oppression. According to Sherie Randolph, in her book Florynce \"Flo\" Kennedy: The Life of a Radical Black Feminist, \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"My main message is that we have a pathologically, institutionally racist, sexist, classist society. And that niggerizing techniques that are used don't only damage black people, but they also damage women, gay people, ex-prison inmates, prostitutes, children, old people, handicapped people, native Americans. And that if we can begin to analyze the pathology of oppression… we would learn a lot about how to deal with it.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eKennedy kept revisiting the same aim: \"urging women to examine the sources of their oppression. She spoke of day to day acts of resistance that we can all take...\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1997, Kennedy received a Lifetime Courageous Activist Award, and the following year was honored by Columbia University with their Owl Award for outstanding graduates. In 1999, the City University of New York awarded her the Century Award.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFlorynce describes herself in this way, \"I'm just a loud-mouthed middle-aged colored lady with a fused spine and three feet of intestines missing and a lot of people think I'm crazy. Maybe you do too, but I never stop to wonder why I'm not like other people. The mystery to me is why more people aren't like me.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith an immeasurable impact on civil rights and equality for all, Kennedy's legacy serves as a reminder that Black women are often at the core of social and political progress, despite being overlooked by history. An empowering figure for women today, Kennedy is remembered for her flamboyance and ferocity that she never apologized for. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource:\n\"Florynce Kennedy.\" Wikipedia. Accessed 5/30/23.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florynce_Kennedy\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMilitano, Hannah. \"Who Was Flo Kennedy? Learn All About the Fiery Black Feminist and Civil Rights Activist.\" L'Officiel.2/09/21.\nhttps://www.lofficielusa.com/politics-culture/who-was-florynce-flo-kennedy-black-feminist-activist\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Florynce Kennedy (February 11, 1916 – December 21, 2000) was an American lawyer, radical feminist, civil rights advocate, lecturer, entertainer, and activist. ","She experienced poverty in the Great Depression and racism in her mostly white neighborhood but was given a strong sense of identity and security from her parents. Kennedy remembered a time when her father had to be armed with a shotgun in order to ward off the Ku Klux Klan presence that was trying to drive her family out.","In 1944 she began classes at Columbia University School of General Studies, majoring in pre-law and graduated in 1949. However, when she applied to the university's law school, she was refused admission. Kennedy met with the dean and threatened to sue the school. They admitted her. She was the only black person among eight women in her class. Kennedy graduated from Columbia Law School in 1951.","\nIn 1971 she founded the Feminist Party, which nominated Shirley Chisholm for president. She also helped found the National Women's Political Caucus. Kennedy was a lawyer for the Women's Health Collective and 350 plaintiffs in a similar lawsuit about abortion in New York. She worked tirelessly for women's issues and to defeat all oppression. According to Sherie Randolph, in her book Florynce \"Flo\" Kennedy: The Life of a Radical Black Feminist, ","\"My main message is that we have a pathologically, institutionally racist, sexist, classist society. And that niggerizing techniques that are used don't only damage black people, but they also damage women, gay people, ex-prison inmates, prostitutes, children, old people, handicapped people, native Americans. And that if we can begin to analyze the pathology of oppression… we would learn a lot about how to deal with it.\" ","Kennedy kept revisiting the same aim: \"urging women to examine the sources of their oppression. She spoke of day to day acts of resistance that we can all take...\" ","In 1997, Kennedy received a Lifetime Courageous Activist Award, and the following year was honored by Columbia University with their Owl Award for outstanding graduates. In 1999, the City University of New York awarded her the Century Award.","Florynce describes herself in this way, \"I'm just a loud-mouthed middle-aged colored lady with a fused spine and three feet of intestines missing and a lot of people think I'm crazy. Maybe you do too, but I never stop to wonder why I'm not like other people. The mystery to me is why more people aren't like me.\"","With an immeasurable impact on civil rights and equality for all, Kennedy's legacy serves as a reminder that Black women are often at the core of social and political progress, despite being overlooked by history. An empowering figure for women today, Kennedy is remembered for her flamboyance and ferocity that she never apologized for. ","Source:\n\"Florynce Kennedy.\" Wikipedia. Accessed 5/30/23.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florynce_Kennedy","Militano, Hannah. \"Who Was Flo Kennedy? Learn All About the Fiery Black Feminist and Civil Rights Activist.\" L'Officiel.2/09/21.\nhttps://www.lofficielusa.com/politics-culture/who-was-florynce-flo-kennedy-black-feminist-activist"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16784, Florynce Kennedy photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16784, Florynce Kennedy photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains four black and white photographs (roughly trimmed to 8 x 10 inches or slightly larger) featuring  Florynce 'Flo' Kennedy (1916-2000) speaking. Kennedy was an American lawyer, feminist, and activist who founded the Feminist Party in 1971. Each photograph is stamped in red ink with the Examiner Reference Library. The stamps are dated 1973-1976. Three photos include a newspaper clipping of the same image pasted onto the verso, with \"Examiner\" captioning the photo and including photo credits including Paul Gines, Lynott, and Teresa Zabaia. One picture is stamped with a caption on the verso: \"Flo Kennedy at Hookers Convention.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains four black and white photographs (roughly trimmed to 8 x 10 inches or slightly larger) featuring  Florynce 'Flo' Kennedy (1916-2000) speaking. Kennedy was an American lawyer, feminist, and activist who founded the Feminist Party in 1971. Each photograph is stamped in red ink with the Examiner Reference Library. The stamps are dated 1973-1976. Three photos include a newspaper clipping of the same image pasted onto the verso, with \"Examiner\" captioning the photo and including photo credits including Paul Gines, Lynott, and Teresa Zabaia. One picture is stamped with a caption on the verso: \"Flo Kennedy at Hookers Convention.\""],"names_coll_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co.","Kennedy, Florynce, 1916-2000"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Kennedy, Florynce, 1916-2000"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co."],"persname_ssim":["Kennedy, Florynce, 1916-2000"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:45:42.675Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1524"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1523","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Langston Hughes photograph","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1523#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"James Arsenault and Co.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1523#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a single black-and-white photograph of Langston Hughes, noted American poet and leader of the Harlem Renaissance. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1523#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1523","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1523","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1523","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1523","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1523.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/189456","title_filing_ssi":"Hughes Langston photograph","title_ssm":["Langston Hughes photograph"],"title_tesim":["Langston Hughes photograph"],"unitdate_ssm":["June  25, 1945"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["June  25, 1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16783","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1523"],"text":["MSS 16783","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1523","Langston Hughes photograph","Poets","African Americans -- Photographs","The collection is open for research use.","James Mercer Langston Hughes (1901-1967) was an American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist from Joplin, Missouri. One of the earliest innovators of the literary art form called jazz poetry, Hughes is best known as a leader of the Harlem Renaissance.","Through his poetry, novels, plays, essays, and children's books, he promoted equality, condemned racism and injustice, and celebrated African American culture, humor, and spirituality.","Source:\n\"Langston Hughes.\" The Library of Congress.America's Story from America's library. Accessed 5/26/23\nhttps://www.americaslibrary.gov/aa/hughes/aa_hughes_subj.html","Related to MSS 8870 in the Barrett collection","This collection contains a single black-and-white photograph of Langston Hughes, noted American poet and leader of the Harlem Renaissance. ","In the picture, Hughes is surrounded by students after speaking at Harlem's Public School #113 graduation exercises which was also attended by students at James Madison High School and New York City grade school students. Mimeographed caption label with \"Newspictures, Inc. ... please credit 'Acme Photo' ...\"  -- rubber-stamped on verso.","Caption on verso reads, \"Racial Hatred Takes A Back Seat. New York City-- As Race riots flourish throughout the United States, New York's school children gathered today (June 25) to witness graduation exercises in Harlem's public school 113. Langston Hughes, noted American Poet, is mobbed by autograph hunters after speaking at the exercises, which pupils of James Madison High School and the city's grade schools attended. 6/25/43 NY Credit Line (ACME)","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16783","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1523"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Langston Hughes photograph"],"collection_title_tesim":["Langston Hughes photograph"],"collection_ssim":["Langston Hughes photograph"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creator_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creators_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from James Arsenault by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on on 3 March 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Poets","African Americans -- Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Poets","African Americans -- Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"physfacet_tesim":["1 photograph"],"genreform_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1943],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Mercer Langston Hughes (1901-1967) was an American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist from Joplin, Missouri. One of the earliest innovators of the literary art form called jazz poetry, Hughes is best known as a leader of the Harlem Renaissance.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThrough his poetry, novels, plays, essays, and children's books, he promoted equality, condemned racism and injustice, and celebrated African American culture, humor, and spirituality.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource:\n\"Langston Hughes.\" The Library of Congress.America's Story from America's library. Accessed 5/26/23\nhttps://www.americaslibrary.gov/aa/hughes/aa_hughes_subj.html\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Mercer Langston Hughes (1901-1967) was an American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist from Joplin, Missouri. One of the earliest innovators of the literary art form called jazz poetry, Hughes is best known as a leader of the Harlem Renaissance.","Through his poetry, novels, plays, essays, and children's books, he promoted equality, condemned racism and injustice, and celebrated African American culture, humor, and spirituality.","Source:\n\"Langston Hughes.\" The Library of Congress.America's Story from America's library. Accessed 5/26/23\nhttps://www.americaslibrary.gov/aa/hughes/aa_hughes_subj.html"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16783, Langston Hughes photograph, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16783, Langston Hughes photograph, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRelated to MSS 8870 in the Barrett collection\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Related to MSS 8870 in the Barrett collection"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a single black-and-white photograph of Langston Hughes, noted American poet and leader of the Harlem Renaissance. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the picture, Hughes is surrounded by students after speaking at Harlem's Public School #113 graduation exercises which was also attended by students at James Madison High School and New York City grade school students. 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","In the picture, Hughes is surrounded by students after speaking at Harlem's Public School #113 graduation exercises which was also attended by students at James Madison High School and New York City grade school students. Mimeographed caption label with \"Newspictures, Inc. ... please credit 'Acme Photo' ...\"  -- rubber-stamped on verso.","Caption on verso reads, \"Racial Hatred Takes A Back Seat. New York City-- As Race riots flourish throughout the United States, New York's school children gathered today (June 25) to witness graduation exercises in Harlem's public school 113. Langston Hughes, noted American Poet, is mobbed by autograph hunters after speaking at the exercises, which pupils of James Madison High School and the city's grade schools attended. 6/25/43 NY Credit Line (ACME)"],"names_coll_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co.","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co."],"persname_ssim":["Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:50:03.281Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1523","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1523","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1523","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1523","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1523.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/189456","title_filing_ssi":"Hughes Langston photograph","title_ssm":["Langston Hughes photograph"],"title_tesim":["Langston Hughes photograph"],"unitdate_ssm":["June  25, 1945"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["June  25, 1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16783","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1523"],"text":["MSS 16783","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1523","Langston Hughes photograph","Poets","African Americans -- Photographs","The collection is open for research use.","James Mercer Langston Hughes (1901-1967) was an American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist from Joplin, Missouri. 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Mimeographed caption label with \"Newspictures, Inc. ... please credit 'Acme Photo' ...\"  -- rubber-stamped on verso.","Caption on verso reads, \"Racial Hatred Takes A Back Seat. New York City-- As Race riots flourish throughout the United States, New York's school children gathered today (June 25) to witness graduation exercises in Harlem's public school 113. Langston Hughes, noted American Poet, is mobbed by autograph hunters after speaking at the exercises, which pupils of James Madison High School and the city's grade schools attended. 6/25/43 NY Credit Line (ACME)","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16783","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1523"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Langston Hughes photograph"],"collection_title_tesim":["Langston Hughes photograph"],"collection_ssim":["Langston Hughes photograph"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creator_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creators_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from James Arsenault by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on on 3 March 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Poets","African Americans -- Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Poets","African Americans -- Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"physfacet_tesim":["1 photograph"],"genreform_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1943],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Mercer Langston Hughes (1901-1967) was an American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist from Joplin, Missouri. 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One of the earliest innovators of the literary art form called jazz poetry, Hughes is best known as a leader of the Harlem Renaissance.","Through his poetry, novels, plays, essays, and children's books, he promoted equality, condemned racism and injustice, and celebrated African American culture, humor, and spirituality.","Source:\n\"Langston Hughes.\" The Library of Congress.America's Story from America's library. Accessed 5/26/23\nhttps://www.americaslibrary.gov/aa/hughes/aa_hughes_subj.html"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16783, Langston Hughes photograph, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16783, Langston Hughes photograph, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRelated to MSS 8870 in the Barrett collection\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Related to MSS 8870 in the Barrett collection"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a single black-and-white photograph of Langston Hughes, noted American poet and leader of the Harlem Renaissance. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the picture, Hughes is surrounded by students after speaking at Harlem's Public School #113 graduation exercises which was also attended by students at James Madison High School and New York City grade school students. Mimeographed caption label with \"Newspictures, Inc. ... please credit 'Acme Photo' ...\"  -- rubber-stamped on verso.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCaption on verso reads, \"Racial Hatred Takes A Back Seat. New York City-- As Race riots flourish throughout the United States, New York's school children gathered today (June 25) to witness graduation exercises in Harlem's public school 113. Langston Hughes, noted American Poet, is mobbed by autograph hunters after speaking at the exercises, which pupils of James Madison High School and the city's grade schools attended. 6/25/43 NY Credit Line (ACME)\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a single black-and-white photograph of Langston Hughes, noted American poet and leader of the Harlem Renaissance. ","In the picture, Hughes is surrounded by students after speaking at Harlem's Public School #113 graduation exercises which was also attended by students at James Madison High School and New York City grade school students. Mimeographed caption label with \"Newspictures, Inc. ... please credit 'Acme Photo' ...\"  -- rubber-stamped on verso.","Caption on verso reads, \"Racial Hatred Takes A Back Seat. New York City-- As Race riots flourish throughout the United States, New York's school children gathered today (June 25) to witness graduation exercises in Harlem's public school 113. Langston Hughes, noted American Poet, is mobbed by autograph hunters after speaking at the exercises, which pupils of James Madison High School and the city's grade schools attended. 6/25/43 NY Credit Line (ACME)"],"names_coll_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co.","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co."],"persname_ssim":["Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:50:03.281Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1523"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1641","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Mathew Brady Studio: Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1641#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains an albumen photograph of a Union wagon camp in Virginia during the Civil War from the Washington D.C. studio of Mathew Brady. Brady was one of the earliest and most famous photographers in American history. He is best known for his scenes of the Civil War. He often photographed Black soldiers and laborers during the war, mostly in Union or contraband camps. The present image documents for posterity a number of Black soldiers and laborers working towards a Union victory in the Civil War, a watershed moment in the history for African American people.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1641#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1641","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1641","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1641","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1641","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1641.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196324","title_filing_ssi":"Brady, Mathew Studio Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans","title_ssm":["Mathew Brady Studio: Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans"],"title_tesim":["Mathew Brady Studio: Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans"],"unitdate_ssm":["c.1864"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["c.1864"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16833","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1641"],"text":["MSS 16833","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1641","Mathew Brady Studio: Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","African Americans -- Photographs","The collection is open for research use.","Mathew Brady (1822 or 1824-1896) was an American photographer  as who was one of the earliest and most famous photographers in American history. He is best known for his scenes of the Civil War.  He studied under inventor Samuel Morse, who pioneered the daguerreotype technique in America. Brady opened his own studio in New York City in 1844, and went on to photograph U.S. presidents John Quincy Adams, Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Jackson, Millard Fillmore and Martin Van Buren, among other public figures. Brady is credited with being the father of photojournalism. ","When the Civil War began, Brady's use of a mobile studio and darkroom enabled thousands of vivid battlefield photographs to bring home the reality of war to the public. He also photographed generals and politicians on both sides of the conflict, though most of these were taken by his assistants rather than by Brady himself.","After the end of the Civil War, these pictures went out of fashion, and the government did not purchase the master copies as he had anticipated. Brady's fortunes declined sharply, and he died in debt. ","There are several books in our collections relating to Mathew Brady photographs including Mathew Brady: Portraits of a Nation; Mathew Brady: A Historian with a Camera; Brady's Album Gallery; and Gardner's photographic sketchbook of the war.","This collection contains an albumen photograph of a Union wagon camp in Virginia during the Civil War from the Washington D.C. studio of Mathew Brady. Brady was one of the earliest and most famous photographers in American history. He is best known for his scenes of the Civil War. He often photographed Black soldiers and laborers during the war, mostly in Union or contraband camps. The present image documents for posterity a number of Black soldiers and laborers working towards a Union victory in the Civil War, a watershed moment in the history for African American people.","The photograph measures  5 X 8 inches and is affixed to a 6 X 9 inches studio mount.  It depicts numerous men standing amid three houses, tents, and a few wagons. One wagon has \"U.S. 12 07\" stenciled on its side. Among the soldiers and teamsters are five Black men. ","Some of the men, dressed in simple work clothes, may have served as servants as \"contraband of war,\" while other Black men in military uniform were likely enlisted as soldiers in the regiments of Black troops. ","A penciled note on the verso reads, \"Photograph of camp in Virginia where D.H. Plumb was located for a time in the Civil War.\" The most likely reference is to Reverend David Henry Plumb, a private in the 4th Massachusetts Cavalry, which served in Virginia in 1864-65. Reverend Plumb mustered into the 4th Massachusetts in January 1864 and served until July 1, 1865. A signature opposite the inscription reads \"Helen Thomas,\" who was potentially a descendant of Plumb's due to the familiar nature of the inscription.","Sources:\n\"Mathew Brady\" Wikepedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathew_Brady","Dealer information.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16833","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1641"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mathew Brady Studio: Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mathew Brady Studio: Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans"],"collection_ssim":["Mathew Brady Studio: Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from McBride Rare Books by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 20 October 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 folder (letter)"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 folder (letter)"],"genreform_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1864],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMathew Brady (1822 or 1824-1896) was an American photographer  as who was one of the earliest and most famous photographers in American history. He is best known for his scenes of the Civil War.  He studied under inventor Samuel Morse, who pioneered the daguerreotype technique in America. Brady opened his own studio in New York City in 1844, and went on to photograph U.S. presidents John Quincy Adams, Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Jackson, Millard Fillmore and Martin Van Buren, among other public figures. Brady is credited with being the father of photojournalism. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen the Civil War began, Brady's use of a mobile studio and darkroom enabled thousands of vivid battlefield photographs to bring home the reality of war to the public. He also photographed generals and politicians on both sides of the conflict, though most of these were taken by his assistants rather than by Brady himself.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter the end of the Civil War, these pictures went out of fashion, and the government did not purchase the master copies as he had anticipated. Brady's fortunes declined sharply, and he died in debt. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mathew Brady (1822 or 1824-1896) was an American photographer  as who was one of the earliest and most famous photographers in American history. He is best known for his scenes of the Civil War.  He studied under inventor Samuel Morse, who pioneered the daguerreotype technique in America. Brady opened his own studio in New York City in 1844, and went on to photograph U.S. presidents John Quincy Adams, Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Jackson, Millard Fillmore and Martin Van Buren, among other public figures. Brady is credited with being the father of photojournalism. ","When the Civil War began, Brady's use of a mobile studio and darkroom enabled thousands of vivid battlefield photographs to bring home the reality of war to the public. He also photographed generals and politicians on both sides of the conflict, though most of these were taken by his assistants rather than by Brady himself.","After the end of the Civil War, these pictures went out of fashion, and the government did not purchase the master copies as he had anticipated. Brady's fortunes declined sharply, and he died in debt. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16833, Mathew Brady Studio Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16833, Mathew Brady Studio Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are several books in our collections relating to Mathew Brady photographs including Mathew Brady: Portraits of a Nation; Mathew Brady: A Historian with a Camera; Brady's Album Gallery; and Gardner's photographic sketchbook of the war.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["There are several books in our collections relating to Mathew Brady photographs including Mathew Brady: Portraits of a Nation; Mathew Brady: A Historian with a Camera; Brady's Album Gallery; and Gardner's photographic sketchbook of the war."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains an albumen photograph of a Union wagon camp in Virginia during the Civil War from the Washington D.C. studio of Mathew Brady. Brady was one of the earliest and most famous photographers in American history. He is best known for his scenes of the Civil War. He often photographed Black soldiers and laborers during the war, mostly in Union or contraband camps. The present image documents for posterity a number of Black soldiers and laborers working towards a Union victory in the Civil War, a watershed moment in the history for African American people.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe photograph measures  5 X 8 inches and is affixed to a 6 X 9 inches studio mount.  It depicts numerous men standing amid three houses, tents, and a few wagons. One wagon has \"U.S. 12 07\" stenciled on its side. Among the soldiers and teamsters are five Black men. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSome of the men, dressed in simple work clothes, may have served as servants as \"contraband of war,\" while other Black men in military uniform were likely enlisted as soldiers in the regiments of Black troops. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA penciled note on the verso reads, \"Photograph of camp in Virginia where D.H. Plumb was located for a time in the Civil War.\" The most likely reference is to Reverend David Henry Plumb, a private in the 4th Massachusetts Cavalry, which served in Virginia in 1864-65. Reverend Plumb mustered into the 4th Massachusetts in January 1864 and served until July 1, 1865. A signature opposite the inscription reads \"Helen Thomas,\" who was potentially a descendant of Plumb's due to the familiar nature of the inscription.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\n\"Mathew Brady\" Wikepedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathew_Brady\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDealer information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains an albumen photograph of a Union wagon camp in Virginia during the Civil War from the Washington D.C. studio of Mathew Brady. Brady was one of the earliest and most famous photographers in American history. He is best known for his scenes of the Civil War. He often photographed Black soldiers and laborers during the war, mostly in Union or contraband camps. The present image documents for posterity a number of Black soldiers and laborers working towards a Union victory in the Civil War, a watershed moment in the history for African American people.","The photograph measures  5 X 8 inches and is affixed to a 6 X 9 inches studio mount.  It depicts numerous men standing amid three houses, tents, and a few wagons. One wagon has \"U.S. 12 07\" stenciled on its side. Among the soldiers and teamsters are five Black men. ","Some of the men, dressed in simple work clothes, may have served as servants as \"contraband of war,\" while other Black men in military uniform were likely enlisted as soldiers in the regiments of Black troops. ","A penciled note on the verso reads, \"Photograph of camp in Virginia where D.H. Plumb was located for a time in the Civil War.\" The most likely reference is to Reverend David Henry Plumb, a private in the 4th Massachusetts Cavalry, which served in Virginia in 1864-65. Reverend Plumb mustered into the 4th Massachusetts in January 1864 and served until July 1, 1865. A signature opposite the inscription reads \"Helen Thomas,\" who was potentially a descendant of Plumb's due to the familiar nature of the inscription.","Sources:\n\"Mathew Brady\" Wikepedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathew_Brady","Dealer information."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:45:52.592Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1641","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1641","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1641","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1641","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1641.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196324","title_filing_ssi":"Brady, Mathew Studio Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans","title_ssm":["Mathew Brady Studio: Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans"],"title_tesim":["Mathew Brady Studio: Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans"],"unitdate_ssm":["c.1864"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["c.1864"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16833","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1641"],"text":["MSS 16833","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1641","Mathew Brady Studio: Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","African Americans -- Photographs","The collection is open for research use.","Mathew Brady (1822 or 1824-1896) was an American photographer  as who was one of the earliest and most famous photographers in American history. He is best known for his scenes of the Civil War.  He studied under inventor Samuel Morse, who pioneered the daguerreotype technique in America. Brady opened his own studio in New York City in 1844, and went on to photograph U.S. presidents John Quincy Adams, Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Jackson, Millard Fillmore and Martin Van Buren, among other public figures. Brady is credited with being the father of photojournalism. ","When the Civil War began, Brady's use of a mobile studio and darkroom enabled thousands of vivid battlefield photographs to bring home the reality of war to the public. He also photographed generals and politicians on both sides of the conflict, though most of these were taken by his assistants rather than by Brady himself.","After the end of the Civil War, these pictures went out of fashion, and the government did not purchase the master copies as he had anticipated. Brady's fortunes declined sharply, and he died in debt. ","There are several books in our collections relating to Mathew Brady photographs including Mathew Brady: Portraits of a Nation; Mathew Brady: A Historian with a Camera; Brady's Album Gallery; and Gardner's photographic sketchbook of the war.","This collection contains an albumen photograph of a Union wagon camp in Virginia during the Civil War from the Washington D.C. studio of Mathew Brady. Brady was one of the earliest and most famous photographers in American history. He is best known for his scenes of the Civil War. He often photographed Black soldiers and laborers during the war, mostly in Union or contraband camps. The present image documents for posterity a number of Black soldiers and laborers working towards a Union victory in the Civil War, a watershed moment in the history for African American people.","The photograph measures  5 X 8 inches and is affixed to a 6 X 9 inches studio mount.  It depicts numerous men standing amid three houses, tents, and a few wagons. One wagon has \"U.S. 12 07\" stenciled on its side. Among the soldiers and teamsters are five Black men. ","Some of the men, dressed in simple work clothes, may have served as servants as \"contraband of war,\" while other Black men in military uniform were likely enlisted as soldiers in the regiments of Black troops. ","A penciled note on the verso reads, \"Photograph of camp in Virginia where D.H. Plumb was located for a time in the Civil War.\" The most likely reference is to Reverend David Henry Plumb, a private in the 4th Massachusetts Cavalry, which served in Virginia in 1864-65. Reverend Plumb mustered into the 4th Massachusetts in January 1864 and served until July 1, 1865. A signature opposite the inscription reads \"Helen Thomas,\" who was potentially a descendant of Plumb's due to the familiar nature of the inscription.","Sources:\n\"Mathew Brady\" Wikepedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathew_Brady","Dealer information.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16833","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1641"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mathew Brady Studio: Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mathew Brady Studio: Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans"],"collection_ssim":["Mathew Brady Studio: Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from McBride Rare Books by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 20 October 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 folder (letter)"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 folder (letter)"],"genreform_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1864],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMathew Brady (1822 or 1824-1896) was an American photographer  as who was one of the earliest and most famous photographers in American history. He is best known for his scenes of the Civil War.  He studied under inventor Samuel Morse, who pioneered the daguerreotype technique in America. Brady opened his own studio in New York City in 1844, and went on to photograph U.S. presidents John Quincy Adams, Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Jackson, Millard Fillmore and Martin Van Buren, among other public figures. Brady is credited with being the father of photojournalism. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen the Civil War began, Brady's use of a mobile studio and darkroom enabled thousands of vivid battlefield photographs to bring home the reality of war to the public. He also photographed generals and politicians on both sides of the conflict, though most of these were taken by his assistants rather than by Brady himself.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter the end of the Civil War, these pictures went out of fashion, and the government did not purchase the master copies as he had anticipated. Brady's fortunes declined sharply, and he died in debt. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mathew Brady (1822 or 1824-1896) was an American photographer  as who was one of the earliest and most famous photographers in American history. He is best known for his scenes of the Civil War.  He studied under inventor Samuel Morse, who pioneered the daguerreotype technique in America. Brady opened his own studio in New York City in 1844, and went on to photograph U.S. presidents John Quincy Adams, Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Jackson, Millard Fillmore and Martin Van Buren, among other public figures. Brady is credited with being the father of photojournalism. ","When the Civil War began, Brady's use of a mobile studio and darkroom enabled thousands of vivid battlefield photographs to bring home the reality of war to the public. He also photographed generals and politicians on both sides of the conflict, though most of these were taken by his assistants rather than by Brady himself.","After the end of the Civil War, these pictures went out of fashion, and the government did not purchase the master copies as he had anticipated. Brady's fortunes declined sharply, and he died in debt. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16833, Mathew Brady Studio Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16833, Mathew Brady Studio Union Civil War Camp photograph of African Americans, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are several books in our collections relating to Mathew Brady photographs including Mathew Brady: Portraits of a Nation; Mathew Brady: A Historian with a Camera; Brady's Album Gallery; and Gardner's photographic sketchbook of the war.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["There are several books in our collections relating to Mathew Brady photographs including Mathew Brady: Portraits of a Nation; Mathew Brady: A Historian with a Camera; Brady's Album Gallery; and Gardner's photographic sketchbook of the war."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains an albumen photograph of a Union wagon camp in Virginia during the Civil War from the Washington D.C. studio of Mathew Brady. Brady was one of the earliest and most famous photographers in American history. He is best known for his scenes of the Civil War. He often photographed Black soldiers and laborers during the war, mostly in Union or contraband camps. The present image documents for posterity a number of Black soldiers and laborers working towards a Union victory in the Civil War, a watershed moment in the history for African American people.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe photograph measures  5 X 8 inches and is affixed to a 6 X 9 inches studio mount.  It depicts numerous men standing amid three houses, tents, and a few wagons. One wagon has \"U.S. 12 07\" stenciled on its side. Among the soldiers and teamsters are five Black men. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSome of the men, dressed in simple work clothes, may have served as servants as \"contraband of war,\" while other Black men in military uniform were likely enlisted as soldiers in the regiments of Black troops. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA penciled note on the verso reads, \"Photograph of camp in Virginia where D.H. Plumb was located for a time in the Civil War.\" The most likely reference is to Reverend David Henry Plumb, a private in the 4th Massachusetts Cavalry, which served in Virginia in 1864-65. Reverend Plumb mustered into the 4th Massachusetts in January 1864 and served until July 1, 1865. A signature opposite the inscription reads \"Helen Thomas,\" who was potentially a descendant of Plumb's due to the familiar nature of the inscription.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\n\"Mathew Brady\" Wikepedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathew_Brady\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDealer information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains an albumen photograph of a Union wagon camp in Virginia during the Civil War from the Washington D.C. studio of Mathew Brady. Brady was one of the earliest and most famous photographers in American history. He is best known for his scenes of the Civil War. He often photographed Black soldiers and laborers during the war, mostly in Union or contraband camps. The present image documents for posterity a number of Black soldiers and laborers working towards a Union victory in the Civil War, a watershed moment in the history for African American people.","The photograph measures  5 X 8 inches and is affixed to a 6 X 9 inches studio mount.  It depicts numerous men standing amid three houses, tents, and a few wagons. One wagon has \"U.S. 12 07\" stenciled on its side. Among the soldiers and teamsters are five Black men. ","Some of the men, dressed in simple work clothes, may have served as servants as \"contraband of war,\" while other Black men in military uniform were likely enlisted as soldiers in the regiments of Black troops. ","A penciled note on the verso reads, \"Photograph of camp in Virginia where D.H. Plumb was located for a time in the Civil War.\" The most likely reference is to Reverend David Henry Plumb, a private in the 4th Massachusetts Cavalry, which served in Virginia in 1864-65. Reverend Plumb mustered into the 4th Massachusetts in January 1864 and served until July 1, 1865. A signature opposite the inscription reads \"Helen Thomas,\" who was potentially a descendant of Plumb's due to the familiar nature of the inscription.","Sources:\n\"Mathew Brady\" Wikepedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathew_Brady","Dealer information."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:45:52.592Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1641"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_970","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Thomas H. Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_970#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the manuscript ledger book, \"Record of Deaths\" kept by Thomas H. Brown's Funeral Home, 301 Gill Street, Petersburg, Virginia. This book detailed the funerals of approximately 500 African Americans during the last years of the Great Depression. The volume opens with a twenty-four page alphabetical index, listing the names of the deceased persons with the number of the page for further information about their funerals. Entries for each funeral appear in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_970#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_970","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_970","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_970","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_970","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_970.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/145317","title_filing_ssi":"Thomas Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph","title_ssm":["Thomas H. Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph"],"title_tesim":["Thomas H. 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Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph","Petersburg (Va.)","Funeral homes","African American families","African American business enterprises","Genealogy","African Americans -- Virginia","African Americans--History--1877-1964","African Americans -- Photographs","This collection open for research.","Thomas Henry Brown  (1864-1952) was a longtime funeral director and civic leader among the African Americans of  Petersburg  and  Hopewell Virginia . Petersburg was a city with a well-established free black community dating back to the late 18th century. Brown lived and worked during Jim Crow segregation which extended to the funeral industry. ","In 1893, he organized the People's Memorial Cemetery Association to save Petersburg's African American cemetery from deteriorating conditions and a possible foreclosure. Brown opened a funeral home in Hopewell about 1916 and remained involved with the locality during its World War I boom years. He was a civic leader in Petersburg and across the state for the rest of his life, continuing his involvement with the cemetery. Brown died of pneumonia in McGuire Veterans Hospital in Richmond on February 8, 1952, and was buried at People's Memorial Cemetery in Petersburg.","This collection contains the manuscript ledger book, \"Record of Deaths\" kept by Thomas H. Brown's Funeral Home, 301 Gill Street, Petersburg, Virginia. This book detailed the funerals of approximately 500 African Americans during the last years of the Great Depression.  The volume opens with a twenty-four page alphabetical index, listing the names of the deceased persons with the number of the page for further information about their funerals. Entries for each funeral appear in chronological order.","In addition to the names of the deceased, most entries also record the dates, persons paying for the funerals and their addresses, services commissioned, the vehicles needed, and the fees for all aspects of the funeral services.  Some entries are more detailed, adding the birth and death dates and places of residence of the deceased, names of parents, final resting places, and other details. The volume is rich in genealogical information for the Petersburg, Virginia, area.","Also included is one black and white photograph, undated, 5 x 7 inches, depicting pallbearers bringing a casket out of Brown's Funeral Home. The casket is covered with an American flag, accompanied by an officer, and the pallbearers appear to be soldiers, so the deceased is probably either a serviceman or a veteran.","This collection has no use restrictions.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Thomas Henry Brown ","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.16474","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/970"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas H. Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas H. Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas H. Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Petersburg (Va.)","Funeral homes"],"geogname_ssim":["Petersburg (Va.)","Funeral homes"],"places_ssim":["Petersburg (Va.)","Funeral homes"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection has no use restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Thomas H. Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph were purchased from the William Reese Company by the Special Collections Library on December 11, 2020."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American families","African American business enterprises","Genealogy","African Americans -- Virginia","African Americans--History--1877-1964","African Americans -- Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American families","African American business enterprises","Genealogy","African Americans -- Virginia","African Americans--History--1877-1964","African Americans -- Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".25 Cubic Feet 1 half legal document box."],"extent_tesim":[".25 Cubic Feet 1 half legal document box."],"genreform_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eThomas Henry Brown \u003c/persname\u003e(1864-1952) was a longtime funeral director and civic leader among the African Americans of \u003cgeogname\u003ePetersburg\u003c/geogname\u003e and \u003cgeogname\u003eHopewell\u003c/geogname\u003e \u003cgeogname\u003eVirginia\u003c/geogname\u003e. Petersburg was a city with a well-established free black community dating back to the late 18th century. Brown lived and worked during Jim Crow segregation which extended to the funeral industry. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1893, he organized the People's Memorial Cemetery Association to save Petersburg's African American cemetery from deteriorating conditions and a possible foreclosure. Brown opened a funeral home in Hopewell about 1916 and remained involved with the locality during its World War I boom years. He was a civic leader in Petersburg and across the state for the rest of his life, continuing his involvement with the cemetery. Brown died of pneumonia in McGuire Veterans Hospital in Richmond on February 8, 1952, and was buried at People's Memorial Cemetery in Petersburg.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Thomas Henry Brown  (1864-1952) was a longtime funeral director and civic leader among the African Americans of  Petersburg  and  Hopewell Virginia . Petersburg was a city with a well-established free black community dating back to the late 18th century. Brown lived and worked during Jim Crow segregation which extended to the funeral industry. ","In 1893, he organized the People's Memorial Cemetery Association to save Petersburg's African American cemetery from deteriorating conditions and a possible foreclosure. Brown opened a funeral home in Hopewell about 1916 and remained involved with the locality during its World War I boom years. He was a civic leader in Petersburg and across the state for the rest of his life, continuing his involvement with the cemetery. Brown died of pneumonia in McGuire Veterans Hospital in Richmond on February 8, 1952, and was buried at People's Memorial Cemetery in Petersburg."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas H. Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph, MSS 16474, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Thomas H. Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph, MSS 16474, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the manuscript ledger book, \"Record of Deaths\" kept by Thomas H. Brown's Funeral Home, 301 Gill Street, Petersburg, Virginia. This book detailed the funerals of approximately 500 African Americans during the last years of the Great Depression.  The volume opens with a twenty-four page alphabetical index, listing the names of the deceased persons with the number of the page for further information about their funerals. Entries for each funeral appear in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the names of the deceased, most entries also record the dates, persons paying for the funerals and their addresses, services commissioned, the vehicles needed, and the fees for all aspects of the funeral services.  Some entries are more detailed, adding the birth and death dates and places of residence of the deceased, names of parents, final resting places, and other details. The volume is rich in genealogical information for the Petersburg, Virginia, area.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso included is one black and white photograph, undated, 5 x 7 inches, depicting pallbearers bringing a casket out of Brown's Funeral Home. The casket is covered with an American flag, accompanied by an officer, and the pallbearers appear to be soldiers, so the deceased is probably either a serviceman or a veteran.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the manuscript ledger book, \"Record of Deaths\" kept by Thomas H. Brown's Funeral Home, 301 Gill Street, Petersburg, Virginia. This book detailed the funerals of approximately 500 African Americans during the last years of the Great Depression.  The volume opens with a twenty-four page alphabetical index, listing the names of the deceased persons with the number of the page for further information about their funerals. Entries for each funeral appear in chronological order.","In addition to the names of the deceased, most entries also record the dates, persons paying for the funerals and their addresses, services commissioned, the vehicles needed, and the fees for all aspects of the funeral services.  Some entries are more detailed, adding the birth and death dates and places of residence of the deceased, names of parents, final resting places, and other details. The volume is rich in genealogical information for the Petersburg, Virginia, area.","Also included is one black and white photograph, undated, 5 x 7 inches, depicting pallbearers bringing a casket out of Brown's Funeral Home. The casket is covered with an American flag, accompanied by an officer, and the pallbearers appear to be soldiers, so the deceased is probably either a serviceman or a veteran."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has no use restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection has no use restrictions."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Thomas Henry Brown "],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Thomas Henry Brown "],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:43:32.416Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_970","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_970","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_970","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_970","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_970.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/145317","title_filing_ssi":"Thomas Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph","title_ssm":["Thomas H. Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph"],"title_tesim":["Thomas H. 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Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph","Petersburg (Va.)","Funeral homes","African American families","African American business enterprises","Genealogy","African Americans -- Virginia","African Americans--History--1877-1964","African Americans -- Photographs","This collection open for research.","Thomas Henry Brown  (1864-1952) was a longtime funeral director and civic leader among the African Americans of  Petersburg  and  Hopewell Virginia . Petersburg was a city with a well-established free black community dating back to the late 18th century. Brown lived and worked during Jim Crow segregation which extended to the funeral industry. ","In 1893, he organized the People's Memorial Cemetery Association to save Petersburg's African American cemetery from deteriorating conditions and a possible foreclosure. Brown opened a funeral home in Hopewell about 1916 and remained involved with the locality during its World War I boom years. He was a civic leader in Petersburg and across the state for the rest of his life, continuing his involvement with the cemetery. Brown died of pneumonia in McGuire Veterans Hospital in Richmond on February 8, 1952, and was buried at People's Memorial Cemetery in Petersburg.","This collection contains the manuscript ledger book, \"Record of Deaths\" kept by Thomas H. Brown's Funeral Home, 301 Gill Street, Petersburg, Virginia. This book detailed the funerals of approximately 500 African Americans during the last years of the Great Depression.  The volume opens with a twenty-four page alphabetical index, listing the names of the deceased persons with the number of the page for further information about their funerals. Entries for each funeral appear in chronological order.","In addition to the names of the deceased, most entries also record the dates, persons paying for the funerals and their addresses, services commissioned, the vehicles needed, and the fees for all aspects of the funeral services.  Some entries are more detailed, adding the birth and death dates and places of residence of the deceased, names of parents, final resting places, and other details. The volume is rich in genealogical information for the Petersburg, Virginia, area.","Also included is one black and white photograph, undated, 5 x 7 inches, depicting pallbearers bringing a casket out of Brown's Funeral Home. The casket is covered with an American flag, accompanied by an officer, and the pallbearers appear to be soldiers, so the deceased is probably either a serviceman or a veteran.","This collection has no use restrictions.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Thomas Henry Brown ","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.16474","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/970"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas H. Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas H. Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas H. Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Petersburg (Va.)","Funeral homes"],"geogname_ssim":["Petersburg (Va.)","Funeral homes"],"places_ssim":["Petersburg (Va.)","Funeral homes"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection has no use restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Thomas H. Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph were purchased from the William Reese Company by the Special Collections Library on December 11, 2020."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American families","African American business enterprises","Genealogy","African Americans -- Virginia","African Americans--History--1877-1964","African Americans -- Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American families","African American business enterprises","Genealogy","African Americans -- Virginia","African Americans--History--1877-1964","African Americans -- Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".25 Cubic Feet 1 half legal document box."],"extent_tesim":[".25 Cubic Feet 1 half legal document box."],"genreform_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eThomas Henry Brown \u003c/persname\u003e(1864-1952) was a longtime funeral director and civic leader among the African Americans of \u003cgeogname\u003ePetersburg\u003c/geogname\u003e and \u003cgeogname\u003eHopewell\u003c/geogname\u003e \u003cgeogname\u003eVirginia\u003c/geogname\u003e. Petersburg was a city with a well-established free black community dating back to the late 18th century. Brown lived and worked during Jim Crow segregation which extended to the funeral industry. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1893, he organized the People's Memorial Cemetery Association to save Petersburg's African American cemetery from deteriorating conditions and a possible foreclosure. Brown opened a funeral home in Hopewell about 1916 and remained involved with the locality during its World War I boom years. He was a civic leader in Petersburg and across the state for the rest of his life, continuing his involvement with the cemetery. Brown died of pneumonia in McGuire Veterans Hospital in Richmond on February 8, 1952, and was buried at People's Memorial Cemetery in Petersburg.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Thomas Henry Brown  (1864-1952) was a longtime funeral director and civic leader among the African Americans of  Petersburg  and  Hopewell Virginia . Petersburg was a city with a well-established free black community dating back to the late 18th century. Brown lived and worked during Jim Crow segregation which extended to the funeral industry. ","In 1893, he organized the People's Memorial Cemetery Association to save Petersburg's African American cemetery from deteriorating conditions and a possible foreclosure. Brown opened a funeral home in Hopewell about 1916 and remained involved with the locality during its World War I boom years. He was a civic leader in Petersburg and across the state for the rest of his life, continuing his involvement with the cemetery. Brown died of pneumonia in McGuire Veterans Hospital in Richmond on February 8, 1952, and was buried at People's Memorial Cemetery in Petersburg."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas H. Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph, MSS 16474, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Thomas H. Brown Funeral Home ledger and photograph, MSS 16474, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the manuscript ledger book, \"Record of Deaths\" kept by Thomas H. Brown's Funeral Home, 301 Gill Street, Petersburg, Virginia. This book detailed the funerals of approximately 500 African Americans during the last years of the Great Depression.  The volume opens with a twenty-four page alphabetical index, listing the names of the deceased persons with the number of the page for further information about their funerals. Entries for each funeral appear in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the names of the deceased, most entries also record the dates, persons paying for the funerals and their addresses, services commissioned, the vehicles needed, and the fees for all aspects of the funeral services.  Some entries are more detailed, adding the birth and death dates and places of residence of the deceased, names of parents, final resting places, and other details. The volume is rich in genealogical information for the Petersburg, Virginia, area.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso included is one black and white photograph, undated, 5 x 7 inches, depicting pallbearers bringing a casket out of Brown's Funeral Home. The casket is covered with an American flag, accompanied by an officer, and the pallbearers appear to be soldiers, so the deceased is probably either a serviceman or a veteran.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the manuscript ledger book, \"Record of Deaths\" kept by Thomas H. Brown's Funeral Home, 301 Gill Street, Petersburg, Virginia. This book detailed the funerals of approximately 500 African Americans during the last years of the Great Depression.  The volume opens with a twenty-four page alphabetical index, listing the names of the deceased persons with the number of the page for further information about their funerals. Entries for each funeral appear in chronological order.","In addition to the names of the deceased, most entries also record the dates, persons paying for the funerals and their addresses, services commissioned, the vehicles needed, and the fees for all aspects of the funeral services.  Some entries are more detailed, adding the birth and death dates and places of residence of the deceased, names of parents, final resting places, and other details. The volume is rich in genealogical information for the Petersburg, Virginia, area.","Also included is one black and white photograph, undated, 5 x 7 inches, depicting pallbearers bringing a casket out of Brown's Funeral Home. The casket is covered with an American flag, accompanied by an officer, and the pallbearers appear to be soldiers, so the deceased is probably either a serviceman or a veteran."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has no use restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection has no use restrictions."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Thomas Henry Brown "],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Thomas Henry Brown "],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:43:32.416Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_970"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1822","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1822#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Primary Sources, Uncharted Americana  (Ann Arbor, MI)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1822#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e The collection MSS 16920 contains the Tinsley, Edwards, Rich family history (1795; 1820-1978) written by William George Rich III (1905-1988) about his great-great grandfather who called himself William Tinsley (born into enslavery in 1795,and freed in 1820), his great grandparents Nelson and Lauren Broady Tinsley, (an indigenous woman) and his grandparents Charles Robert Tinsley (1851-1919) and Betty Edwards Tinsley (1855-1924) (daughter of an indigenous woman Malinda Edwards)and their eight grandchildren (William George Rich III and his 7 cousins) who lived on their own land in Amherst, Virginia. The collection is remarkable in the amount of detail that is provided about a prosperous African American family living during Jim Crow laws. Charles Robert Tinsley was the owner of a livery stable and built a house for his children, grandchildren and his parents, Nelson and Lauren Tinsley.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1822#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1822","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1822","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1822","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1822","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1822.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/229825","title_filing_ssi":"Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers","title_ssm":["Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers"],"title_tesim":["Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1870-1988","1819-1820"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1870-1988"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1819-1820"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16920","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1822"],"text":["MSS 16920","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1822","Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers","African American families","African Americans -- Virginia","Deafness","African Americans -- Photographs","genealogies (histories)","This collection is open for research.","The collection (MSS 16920) contains the Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family history (1820-1978) of Amherst, Virginia written and compiled by William George Rich III (1905-1988)and his family about his great-great grandfather who called himself William Tinsley (born into enslavery in 1795,and freed in 1820), his great grandparents Nelson and Lauren (Broady) Tinsley –  and his grandparents Charles Robert Tinsley (1851-1919) and Betty Edwards Tinsley (1855-1924) (daughter of Malinda Edwards, an indigenous woman) and their eight grandchildren (William George Rich III and his cousins.) The eight grandchildren, called the cousins of Amherst, (many of them earning college and post college degrees) were  - Vernon Allan Rich (1902-1985), William George Rich III (1904-1988), Celestine Rich Arnold (1915-?)- born to Bessie Tinsley 1877-1951  and William George Rich II who was Deaf;  Alma Brown (1902-1926), Charles \"Son\" Brown (1904-1959), Hausie Brown (1910-1934) who were the children of Lillie Tinsley (1879-1922) and Charles Brown; Constance Thomas Parker (1917-1981) was the daughter of Hariette \"Hattie\" Tinsley (1881-1949) and Richard Gates Thomas; and Dorothy Massie Christian (1904-1966) was the daughter of Signora Tinsley (1885-1940) and Hugh Massie (1883-1980).","\nThe collection MSS 16920 contains the Tinsley, Edwards, Rich family history (1795; 1820-1978) written by William George Rich III (1905-1988) about his great-great grandfather who called himself William Tinsley (born into enslavery in 1795,and freed in 1820), his great grandparents Nelson and Lauren Broady Tinsley, (an indigenous woman) and his grandparents Charles Robert Tinsley (1851-1919) and Betty Edwards Tinsley (1855-1924) (daughter of an indigenous woman Malinda Edwards)and their eight grandchildren (William George Rich III and his 7 cousins) who lived on their own land in Amherst, Virginia. The collection is remarkable in the amount of detail that is provided about a prosperous African American family living during Jim Crow laws. Charles Robert Tinsley was the owner of a livery stable and built a house for his children, grandchildren and his parents, Nelson and Lauren Tinsley.","Betty Edwards Tinsley (wife of Charles Robert Tinsley) inherited land from her parents, Washington Edwards and Malinda Edwards (an indigenous woman.) Her father was a minister and may have been white or mixed race. Charles Robert Tinsley sold part of that land and built a farm and successful livery business in Amherst, near Lynchburg, where several generations of the family lived a comfortable life on 64 Depot Road. ","There are typed family histories in homemade scrapbooks documenting multiple generations of the Tinsley-Rich-Edwards family, self- described as a prosperous and \"happy\" African American family and with deep roots in Virginia and highly respected by other African American and white families.","The collection contains a photocopy of an 1819 Notice of Sale of six enslaved men of which one man (William Tinsley) was freed and saved his own for sale notice. Jacob and Isaac Tinsley, son and heirs of the white William Tinsley, created the for-sale notice \"Six Lively Young Negroes\". The white heirs made enough money from the sale to free the seventh person, who decided to call himself William Tinsley. The name of William Tinsley's wife is unknown. They had a son named Nelson Tinsley, born in 1823 who married Lauren Broady in 1850.","The Tinsley, Edwards, Rich family collection is a rich resource which details their family life and describes family members and their close relationships. It contains family photographs with compelling clarity from the 1890s to the 1950s, that bring this family to life.","There are documents including news clippings, ephemera, genealogical charts, certificates, military separation papers, a manuscript plan map of the Tinsley \"Homestead\" and its plot in Amherst, a genealogical essay on family history, including personal recollections, noting that Rich II was born deaf and was sent for schooling at the Kendall School (Gadaulet College) in Washington DC. ","There are two homemade scrapbooks and two albums with nearly 400 mounted photographs of various sizes and formats, as well as nearly 200 loose photographs in and out of albums.There are carte-de-visites, cabinet card photographs, negatives, and photo postcards. ","\nOne includes Bessie Tinsley Rich's album, which contains 117 mounted and approximately 50 loose photographs, all dating from about 1870-1950, and with ink text annotations written directly on pages. ","\nOne includes Celestine Rich's album containing 173 mounted photographs, approximately 35 loose, mostly from the 1930s. ","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Primary Sources, Uncharted Americana  (Ann Arbor, MI)","Rich, William George, Jr., 1905-1988","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16920","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1822"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Primary Sources, Uncharted Americana  (Ann Arbor, MI)","Rich, William George, Jr., 1905-1988"],"creator_ssim":["Primary Sources, Uncharted Americana  (Ann Arbor, MI)","Rich, William George, Jr., 1905-1988"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Rich, William George, Jr., 1905-1988"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Primary Sources, Uncharted Americana  (Ann Arbor, MI)"],"creators_ssim":["Rich, William George, Jr., 1905-1988","Primary Sources, Uncharted Americana  (Ann Arbor, MI)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 18 July 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American families","African Americans -- Virginia","Deafness","African Americans -- Photographs","genealogies (histories)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American families","African Americans -- Virginia","Deafness","African Americans -- Photographs","genealogies (histories)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".9 Cubic Feet 1 document box (letter) and 1 medium flat box"],"extent_tesim":[".9 Cubic Feet 1 document box (letter) and 1 medium flat box"],"genreform_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs","genealogies (histories)"],"date_range_isim":[1819,1820,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection (MSS 16920) contains the Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family history (1820-1978) of Amherst, Virginia written and compiled by William George Rich III (1905-1988)and his family about his great-great grandfather who called himself William Tinsley (born into enslavery in 1795,and freed in 1820), his great grandparents Nelson and Lauren (Broady) Tinsley –  and his grandparents Charles Robert Tinsley (1851-1919) and Betty Edwards Tinsley (1855-1924) (daughter of Malinda Edwards, an indigenous woman) and their eight grandchildren (William George Rich III and his cousins.) The eight grandchildren, called the cousins of Amherst, (many of them earning college and post college degrees) were  - Vernon Allan Rich (1902-1985), William George Rich III (1904-1988), Celestine Rich Arnold (1915-?)- born to Bessie Tinsley 1877-1951  and William George Rich II who was Deaf;  Alma Brown (1902-1926), Charles \"Son\" Brown (1904-1959), Hausie Brown (1910-1934) who were the children of Lillie Tinsley (1879-1922) and Charles Brown; Constance Thomas Parker (1917-1981) was the daughter of Hariette \"Hattie\" Tinsley (1881-1949) and Richard Gates Thomas; and Dorothy Massie Christian (1904-1966) was the daughter of Signora Tinsley (1885-1940) and Hugh Massie (1883-1980).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The collection (MSS 16920) contains the Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family history (1820-1978) of Amherst, Virginia written and compiled by William George Rich III (1905-1988)and his family about his great-great grandfather who called himself William Tinsley (born into enslavery in 1795,and freed in 1820), his great grandparents Nelson and Lauren (Broady) Tinsley –  and his grandparents Charles Robert Tinsley (1851-1919) and Betty Edwards Tinsley (1855-1924) (daughter of Malinda Edwards, an indigenous woman) and their eight grandchildren (William George Rich III and his cousins.) The eight grandchildren, called the cousins of Amherst, (many of them earning college and post college degrees) were  - Vernon Allan Rich (1902-1985), William George Rich III (1904-1988), Celestine Rich Arnold (1915-?)- born to Bessie Tinsley 1877-1951  and William George Rich II who was Deaf;  Alma Brown (1902-1926), Charles \"Son\" Brown (1904-1959), Hausie Brown (1910-1934) who were the children of Lillie Tinsley (1879-1922) and Charles Brown; Constance Thomas Parker (1917-1981) was the daughter of Hariette \"Hattie\" Tinsley (1881-1949) and Richard Gates Thomas; and Dorothy Massie Christian (1904-1966) was the daughter of Signora Tinsley (1885-1940) and Hugh Massie (1883-1980)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16920, Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16920, Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe collection MSS 16920 contains the Tinsley, Edwards, Rich family history (1795; 1820-1978) written by William George Rich III (1905-1988) about his great-great grandfather who called himself William Tinsley (born into enslavery in 1795,and freed in 1820), his great grandparents Nelson and Lauren Broady Tinsley, (an indigenous woman) and his grandparents Charles Robert Tinsley (1851-1919) and Betty Edwards Tinsley (1855-1924) (daughter of an indigenous woman Malinda Edwards)and their eight grandchildren (William George Rich III and his 7 cousins) who lived on their own land in Amherst, Virginia. The collection is remarkable in the amount of detail that is provided about a prosperous African American family living during Jim Crow laws. Charles Robert Tinsley was the owner of a livery stable and built a house for his children, grandchildren and his parents, Nelson and Lauren Tinsley.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBetty Edwards Tinsley (wife of Charles Robert Tinsley) inherited land from her parents, Washington Edwards and Malinda Edwards (an indigenous woman.) Her father was a minister and may have been white or mixed race. Charles Robert Tinsley sold part of that land and built a farm and successful livery business in Amherst, near Lynchburg, where several generations of the family lived a comfortable life on 64 Depot Road. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are typed family histories in homemade scrapbooks documenting multiple generations of the Tinsley-Rich-Edwards family, self- described as a prosperous and \"happy\" African American family and with deep roots in Virginia and highly respected by other African American and white families.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains a photocopy of an 1819 Notice of Sale of six enslaved men of which one man (William Tinsley) was freed and saved his own for sale notice. Jacob and Isaac Tinsley, son and heirs of the white William Tinsley, created the for-sale notice \"Six Lively Young Negroes\". The white heirs made enough money from the sale to free the seventh person, who decided to call himself William Tinsley. The name of William Tinsley's wife is unknown. They had a son named Nelson Tinsley, born in 1823 who married Lauren Broady in 1850.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Tinsley, Edwards, Rich family collection is a rich resource which details their family life and describes family members and their close relationships. It contains family photographs with compelling clarity from the 1890s to the 1950s, that bring this family to life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are documents including news clippings, ephemera, genealogical charts, certificates, military separation papers, a manuscript plan map of the Tinsley \"Homestead\" and its plot in Amherst, a genealogical essay on family history, including personal recollections, noting that Rich II was born deaf and was sent for schooling at the Kendall School (Gadaulet College) in Washington DC. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are two homemade scrapbooks and two albums with nearly 400 mounted photographs of various sizes and formats, as well as nearly 200 loose photographs in and out of albums.There are carte-de-visites, cabinet card photographs, negatives, and photo postcards. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOne includes Bessie Tinsley Rich's album, which contains 117 mounted and approximately 50 loose photographs, all dating from about 1870-1950, and with ink text annotations written directly on pages. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOne includes Celestine Rich's album containing 173 mounted photographs, approximately 35 loose, mostly from the 1930s. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\nThe collection MSS 16920 contains the Tinsley, Edwards, Rich family history (1795; 1820-1978) written by William George Rich III (1905-1988) about his great-great grandfather who called himself William Tinsley (born into enslavery in 1795,and freed in 1820), his great grandparents Nelson and Lauren Broady Tinsley, (an indigenous woman) and his grandparents Charles Robert Tinsley (1851-1919) and Betty Edwards Tinsley (1855-1924) (daughter of an indigenous woman Malinda Edwards)and their eight grandchildren (William George Rich III and his 7 cousins) who lived on their own land in Amherst, Virginia. The collection is remarkable in the amount of detail that is provided about a prosperous African American family living during Jim Crow laws. Charles Robert Tinsley was the owner of a livery stable and built a house for his children, grandchildren and his parents, Nelson and Lauren Tinsley.","Betty Edwards Tinsley (wife of Charles Robert Tinsley) inherited land from her parents, Washington Edwards and Malinda Edwards (an indigenous woman.) Her father was a minister and may have been white or mixed race. Charles Robert Tinsley sold part of that land and built a farm and successful livery business in Amherst, near Lynchburg, where several generations of the family lived a comfortable life on 64 Depot Road. ","There are typed family histories in homemade scrapbooks documenting multiple generations of the Tinsley-Rich-Edwards family, self- described as a prosperous and \"happy\" African American family and with deep roots in Virginia and highly respected by other African American and white families.","The collection contains a photocopy of an 1819 Notice of Sale of six enslaved men of which one man (William Tinsley) was freed and saved his own for sale notice. Jacob and Isaac Tinsley, son and heirs of the white William Tinsley, created the for-sale notice \"Six Lively Young Negroes\". The white heirs made enough money from the sale to free the seventh person, who decided to call himself William Tinsley. The name of William Tinsley's wife is unknown. They had a son named Nelson Tinsley, born in 1823 who married Lauren Broady in 1850.","The Tinsley, Edwards, Rich family collection is a rich resource which details their family life and describes family members and their close relationships. It contains family photographs with compelling clarity from the 1890s to the 1950s, that bring this family to life.","There are documents including news clippings, ephemera, genealogical charts, certificates, military separation papers, a manuscript plan map of the Tinsley \"Homestead\" and its plot in Amherst, a genealogical essay on family history, including personal recollections, noting that Rich II was born deaf and was sent for schooling at the Kendall School (Gadaulet College) in Washington DC. ","There are two homemade scrapbooks and two albums with nearly 400 mounted photographs of various sizes and formats, as well as nearly 200 loose photographs in and out of albums.There are carte-de-visites, cabinet card photographs, negatives, and photo postcards. ","\nOne includes Bessie Tinsley Rich's album, which contains 117 mounted and approximately 50 loose photographs, all dating from about 1870-1950, and with ink text annotations written directly on pages. ","\nOne includes Celestine Rich's album containing 173 mounted photographs, approximately 35 loose, mostly from the 1930s. "],"names_coll_ssim":["Primary Sources, Uncharted Americana  (Ann Arbor, MI)"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Primary Sources, Uncharted Americana  (Ann Arbor, MI)","Rich, William George, Jr., 1905-1988"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Primary Sources, Uncharted Americana  (Ann Arbor, MI)"],"persname_ssim":["Rich, William George, Jr., 1905-1988"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":6,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:52:58.057Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1822","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1822","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1822","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1822","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1822.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/229825","title_filing_ssi":"Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers","title_ssm":["Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers"],"title_tesim":["Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1870-1988","1819-1820"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1870-1988"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1819-1820"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16920","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1822"],"text":["MSS 16920","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1822","Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers","African American families","African Americans -- Virginia","Deafness","African Americans -- Photographs","genealogies (histories)","This collection is open for research.","The collection (MSS 16920) contains the Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family history (1820-1978) of Amherst, Virginia written and compiled by William George Rich III (1905-1988)and his family about his great-great grandfather who called himself William Tinsley (born into enslavery in 1795,and freed in 1820), his great grandparents Nelson and Lauren (Broady) Tinsley –  and his grandparents Charles Robert Tinsley (1851-1919) and Betty Edwards Tinsley (1855-1924) (daughter of Malinda Edwards, an indigenous woman) and their eight grandchildren (William George Rich III and his cousins.) The eight grandchildren, called the cousins of Amherst, (many of them earning college and post college degrees) were  - Vernon Allan Rich (1902-1985), William George Rich III (1904-1988), Celestine Rich Arnold (1915-?)- born to Bessie Tinsley 1877-1951  and William George Rich II who was Deaf;  Alma Brown (1902-1926), Charles \"Son\" Brown (1904-1959), Hausie Brown (1910-1934) who were the children of Lillie Tinsley (1879-1922) and Charles Brown; Constance Thomas Parker (1917-1981) was the daughter of Hariette \"Hattie\" Tinsley (1881-1949) and Richard Gates Thomas; and Dorothy Massie Christian (1904-1966) was the daughter of Signora Tinsley (1885-1940) and Hugh Massie (1883-1980).","\nThe collection MSS 16920 contains the Tinsley, Edwards, Rich family history (1795; 1820-1978) written by William George Rich III (1905-1988) about his great-great grandfather who called himself William Tinsley (born into enslavery in 1795,and freed in 1820), his great grandparents Nelson and Lauren Broady Tinsley, (an indigenous woman) and his grandparents Charles Robert Tinsley (1851-1919) and Betty Edwards Tinsley (1855-1924) (daughter of an indigenous woman Malinda Edwards)and their eight grandchildren (William George Rich III and his 7 cousins) who lived on their own land in Amherst, Virginia. The collection is remarkable in the amount of detail that is provided about a prosperous African American family living during Jim Crow laws. Charles Robert Tinsley was the owner of a livery stable and built a house for his children, grandchildren and his parents, Nelson and Lauren Tinsley.","Betty Edwards Tinsley (wife of Charles Robert Tinsley) inherited land from her parents, Washington Edwards and Malinda Edwards (an indigenous woman.) Her father was a minister and may have been white or mixed race. Charles Robert Tinsley sold part of that land and built a farm and successful livery business in Amherst, near Lynchburg, where several generations of the family lived a comfortable life on 64 Depot Road. ","There are typed family histories in homemade scrapbooks documenting multiple generations of the Tinsley-Rich-Edwards family, self- described as a prosperous and \"happy\" African American family and with deep roots in Virginia and highly respected by other African American and white families.","The collection contains a photocopy of an 1819 Notice of Sale of six enslaved men of which one man (William Tinsley) was freed and saved his own for sale notice. Jacob and Isaac Tinsley, son and heirs of the white William Tinsley, created the for-sale notice \"Six Lively Young Negroes\". The white heirs made enough money from the sale to free the seventh person, who decided to call himself William Tinsley. The name of William Tinsley's wife is unknown. They had a son named Nelson Tinsley, born in 1823 who married Lauren Broady in 1850.","The Tinsley, Edwards, Rich family collection is a rich resource which details their family life and describes family members and their close relationships. It contains family photographs with compelling clarity from the 1890s to the 1950s, that bring this family to life.","There are documents including news clippings, ephemera, genealogical charts, certificates, military separation papers, a manuscript plan map of the Tinsley \"Homestead\" and its plot in Amherst, a genealogical essay on family history, including personal recollections, noting that Rich II was born deaf and was sent for schooling at the Kendall School (Gadaulet College) in Washington DC. ","There are two homemade scrapbooks and two albums with nearly 400 mounted photographs of various sizes and formats, as well as nearly 200 loose photographs in and out of albums.There are carte-de-visites, cabinet card photographs, negatives, and photo postcards. ","\nOne includes Bessie Tinsley Rich's album, which contains 117 mounted and approximately 50 loose photographs, all dating from about 1870-1950, and with ink text annotations written directly on pages. ","\nOne includes Celestine Rich's album containing 173 mounted photographs, approximately 35 loose, mostly from the 1930s. ","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Primary Sources, Uncharted Americana  (Ann Arbor, MI)","Rich, William George, Jr., 1905-1988","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16920","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1822"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Primary Sources, Uncharted Americana  (Ann Arbor, MI)","Rich, William George, Jr., 1905-1988"],"creator_ssim":["Primary Sources, Uncharted Americana  (Ann Arbor, MI)","Rich, William George, Jr., 1905-1988"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Rich, William George, Jr., 1905-1988"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Primary Sources, Uncharted Americana  (Ann Arbor, MI)"],"creators_ssim":["Rich, William George, Jr., 1905-1988","Primary Sources, Uncharted Americana  (Ann Arbor, MI)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 18 July 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American families","African Americans -- Virginia","Deafness","African Americans -- Photographs","genealogies (histories)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American families","African Americans -- Virginia","Deafness","African Americans -- Photographs","genealogies (histories)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".9 Cubic Feet 1 document box (letter) and 1 medium flat box"],"extent_tesim":[".9 Cubic Feet 1 document box (letter) and 1 medium flat box"],"genreform_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs","genealogies (histories)"],"date_range_isim":[1819,1820,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection (MSS 16920) contains the Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family history (1820-1978) of Amherst, Virginia written and compiled by William George Rich III (1905-1988)and his family about his great-great grandfather who called himself William Tinsley (born into enslavery in 1795,and freed in 1820), his great grandparents Nelson and Lauren (Broady) Tinsley –  and his grandparents Charles Robert Tinsley (1851-1919) and Betty Edwards Tinsley (1855-1924) (daughter of Malinda Edwards, an indigenous woman) and their eight grandchildren (William George Rich III and his cousins.) The eight grandchildren, called the cousins of Amherst, (many of them earning college and post college degrees) were  - Vernon Allan Rich (1902-1985), William George Rich III (1904-1988), Celestine Rich Arnold (1915-?)- born to Bessie Tinsley 1877-1951  and William George Rich II who was Deaf;  Alma Brown (1902-1926), Charles \"Son\" Brown (1904-1959), Hausie Brown (1910-1934) who were the children of Lillie Tinsley (1879-1922) and Charles Brown; Constance Thomas Parker (1917-1981) was the daughter of Hariette \"Hattie\" Tinsley (1881-1949) and Richard Gates Thomas; and Dorothy Massie Christian (1904-1966) was the daughter of Signora Tinsley (1885-1940) and Hugh Massie (1883-1980).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The collection (MSS 16920) contains the Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family history (1820-1978) of Amherst, Virginia written and compiled by William George Rich III (1905-1988)and his family about his great-great grandfather who called himself William Tinsley (born into enslavery in 1795,and freed in 1820), his great grandparents Nelson and Lauren (Broady) Tinsley –  and his grandparents Charles Robert Tinsley (1851-1919) and Betty Edwards Tinsley (1855-1924) (daughter of Malinda Edwards, an indigenous woman) and their eight grandchildren (William George Rich III and his cousins.) The eight grandchildren, called the cousins of Amherst, (many of them earning college and post college degrees) were  - Vernon Allan Rich (1902-1985), William George Rich III (1904-1988), Celestine Rich Arnold (1915-?)- born to Bessie Tinsley 1877-1951  and William George Rich II who was Deaf;  Alma Brown (1902-1926), Charles \"Son\" Brown (1904-1959), Hausie Brown (1910-1934) who were the children of Lillie Tinsley (1879-1922) and Charles Brown; Constance Thomas Parker (1917-1981) was the daughter of Hariette \"Hattie\" Tinsley (1881-1949) and Richard Gates Thomas; and Dorothy Massie Christian (1904-1966) was the daughter of Signora Tinsley (1885-1940) and Hugh Massie (1883-1980)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16920, Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16920, Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe collection MSS 16920 contains the Tinsley, Edwards, Rich family history (1795; 1820-1978) written by William George Rich III (1905-1988) about his great-great grandfather who called himself William Tinsley (born into enslavery in 1795,and freed in 1820), his great grandparents Nelson and Lauren Broady Tinsley, (an indigenous woman) and his grandparents Charles Robert Tinsley (1851-1919) and Betty Edwards Tinsley (1855-1924) (daughter of an indigenous woman Malinda Edwards)and their eight grandchildren (William George Rich III and his 7 cousins) who lived on their own land in Amherst, Virginia. The collection is remarkable in the amount of detail that is provided about a prosperous African American family living during Jim Crow laws. Charles Robert Tinsley was the owner of a livery stable and built a house for his children, grandchildren and his parents, Nelson and Lauren Tinsley.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBetty Edwards Tinsley (wife of Charles Robert Tinsley) inherited land from her parents, Washington Edwards and Malinda Edwards (an indigenous woman.) Her father was a minister and may have been white or mixed race. Charles Robert Tinsley sold part of that land and built a farm and successful livery business in Amherst, near Lynchburg, where several generations of the family lived a comfortable life on 64 Depot Road. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are typed family histories in homemade scrapbooks documenting multiple generations of the Tinsley-Rich-Edwards family, self- described as a prosperous and \"happy\" African American family and with deep roots in Virginia and highly respected by other African American and white families.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains a photocopy of an 1819 Notice of Sale of six enslaved men of which one man (William Tinsley) was freed and saved his own for sale notice. Jacob and Isaac Tinsley, son and heirs of the white William Tinsley, created the for-sale notice \"Six Lively Young Negroes\". The white heirs made enough money from the sale to free the seventh person, who decided to call himself William Tinsley. The name of William Tinsley's wife is unknown. They had a son named Nelson Tinsley, born in 1823 who married Lauren Broady in 1850.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Tinsley, Edwards, Rich family collection is a rich resource which details their family life and describes family members and their close relationships. It contains family photographs with compelling clarity from the 1890s to the 1950s, that bring this family to life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are documents including news clippings, ephemera, genealogical charts, certificates, military separation papers, a manuscript plan map of the Tinsley \"Homestead\" and its plot in Amherst, a genealogical essay on family history, including personal recollections, noting that Rich II was born deaf and was sent for schooling at the Kendall School (Gadaulet College) in Washington DC. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are two homemade scrapbooks and two albums with nearly 400 mounted photographs of various sizes and formats, as well as nearly 200 loose photographs in and out of albums.There are carte-de-visites, cabinet card photographs, negatives, and photo postcards. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOne includes Bessie Tinsley Rich's album, which contains 117 mounted and approximately 50 loose photographs, all dating from about 1870-1950, and with ink text annotations written directly on pages. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOne includes Celestine Rich's album containing 173 mounted photographs, approximately 35 loose, mostly from the 1930s. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\nThe collection MSS 16920 contains the Tinsley, Edwards, Rich family history (1795; 1820-1978) written by William George Rich III (1905-1988) about his great-great grandfather who called himself William Tinsley (born into enslavery in 1795,and freed in 1820), his great grandparents Nelson and Lauren Broady Tinsley, (an indigenous woman) and his grandparents Charles Robert Tinsley (1851-1919) and Betty Edwards Tinsley (1855-1924) (daughter of an indigenous woman Malinda Edwards)and their eight grandchildren (William George Rich III and his 7 cousins) who lived on their own land in Amherst, Virginia. The collection is remarkable in the amount of detail that is provided about a prosperous African American family living during Jim Crow laws. Charles Robert Tinsley was the owner of a livery stable and built a house for his children, grandchildren and his parents, Nelson and Lauren Tinsley.","Betty Edwards Tinsley (wife of Charles Robert Tinsley) inherited land from her parents, Washington Edwards and Malinda Edwards (an indigenous woman.) Her father was a minister and may have been white or mixed race. Charles Robert Tinsley sold part of that land and built a farm and successful livery business in Amherst, near Lynchburg, where several generations of the family lived a comfortable life on 64 Depot Road. ","There are typed family histories in homemade scrapbooks documenting multiple generations of the Tinsley-Rich-Edwards family, self- described as a prosperous and \"happy\" African American family and with deep roots in Virginia and highly respected by other African American and white families.","The collection contains a photocopy of an 1819 Notice of Sale of six enslaved men of which one man (William Tinsley) was freed and saved his own for sale notice. Jacob and Isaac Tinsley, son and heirs of the white William Tinsley, created the for-sale notice \"Six Lively Young Negroes\". The white heirs made enough money from the sale to free the seventh person, who decided to call himself William Tinsley. The name of William Tinsley's wife is unknown. They had a son named Nelson Tinsley, born in 1823 who married Lauren Broady in 1850.","The Tinsley, Edwards, Rich family collection is a rich resource which details their family life and describes family members and their close relationships. It contains family photographs with compelling clarity from the 1890s to the 1950s, that bring this family to life.","There are documents including news clippings, ephemera, genealogical charts, certificates, military separation papers, a manuscript plan map of the Tinsley \"Homestead\" and its plot in Amherst, a genealogical essay on family history, including personal recollections, noting that Rich II was born deaf and was sent for schooling at the Kendall School (Gadaulet College) in Washington DC. ","There are two homemade scrapbooks and two albums with nearly 400 mounted photographs of various sizes and formats, as well as nearly 200 loose photographs in and out of albums.There are carte-de-visites, cabinet card photographs, negatives, and photo postcards. ","\nOne includes Bessie Tinsley Rich's album, which contains 117 mounted and approximately 50 loose photographs, all dating from about 1870-1950, and with ink text annotations written directly on pages. ","\nOne includes Celestine Rich's album containing 173 mounted photographs, approximately 35 loose, mostly from the 1930s. 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