{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+Photographs\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1976\u0026view=compact","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+Photographs\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1976\u0026page=1\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":4,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1786","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"African American programs and photographs from Roanoke, and Wytheville, Virginia","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1786#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains four programs and eight photographs documenting mid-twentieth-century African American life in Roanoke and Wytheville, Virginia. Two programs for Debutante Balls hosted by \"The Altruists,\" a club for Black women in Roanoke, are dated 1954 and 1977. The Altruist Club program for 1954 has \"Stella Ednise Miller\" in blue ink on the cover. A 1958 pamphlet for a Virginia Congress Colored P.T.A. annual work conference held at Scott Memorial School in Wytheville discusses \"The P.T.A. Role in Fields of Education and Community.\" A program for the Lucy Addison High School Choir's annual Christmas concert is dated 1964. Eight undated printed photographs range in subject matter. Six photographs that are in color feature children sightseeing, a man seated with two children, a museum visit, a woman standing alongside two children, a boy smiling, and a woman smiling. 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Two photos in black and white feature four Black men in suits exchanging greetings, and a group of young Black children posed in rows with their names written in ink on the photograph.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains four programs and eight photographs documenting mid-twentieth-century African American life in Roanoke and Wytheville, Virginia. Two programs for Debutante Balls hosted by \"The Altruists,\" a club for Black women in Roanoke, are dated 1954 and 1977. The Altruist Club program for 1954 has \"Stella Ednise Miller\" in blue ink on the cover.   A 1958 pamphlet for a Virginia Congress Colored P.T.A. annual work conference held at Scott Memorial School in Wytheville discusses \"The P.T.A. Role in Fields of Education and Community.\" A program for the Lucy Addison High School Choir's annual Christmas concert is dated 1964. Eight undated printed photographs range in subject matter. Six photographs that are in color feature children sightseeing, a man seated with two children, a museum visit, a woman standing alongside two children, a boy smiling, and a woman smiling. 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Six photographs that are in color feature children sightseeing, a man seated with two children, a museum visit, a woman standing alongside two children, a boy smiling, and a woman smiling. Two photos in black and white feature four Black men in suits exchanging greetings, and a group of young Black children posed in rows with their names written in ink on the photograph."],"names_coll_ssim":["Roanoke County (Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Roanoke County (Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Roanoke County (Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:25:46.285Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1786"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Collection of African American Children photographs","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1555#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Max Rambod","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1555#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains ninety-eight photographs of African American children and families at home and play from about the 1950s to the 1990s. 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Activities include playing, swimming, posing, and celebrating holidays and special occasions.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1555#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1555","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1555.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/190890","title_filing_ssi":"African American Children photographs","title_ssm":["Collection of African American Children photographs"],"title_tesim":["Collection of African American Children photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1950s-1990s"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["c. 1950s-1990s"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16798","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1555"],"text":["MSS 16798","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1555","Collection of African American Children photographs","African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Photographs","The collection is open for research use.","These photographs show Black children enjoying childhood, posing beside Christmas trees and held fast in the arms of their grandmothers. 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In this way, engaging in and sharing experiences of Black joy are seen not as ways of ignoring opression but as acts of resistance against it.\""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16798, Collection of African American Children photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16798, Collection of African American Children photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains ninety-eight photographs of African American children and families at home and play from about the 1950s to the 1990s. Measurements range from 6\" X 4\" to 2\" X 2\" inches and are in color and black and white. Several subjects recur throughout the archive. All are unidentified; only three have any annotations on the back. 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Representations of African Americans living lives at once ordinary and inspired, both deeply personal and universal, is an integral piece of any American history archive. \"Expressions and acts of Black joy are often enouraged as a way for Black people to fully be themselves and form a sense of community as a response to systems that devalue them and stifle their self-expression. In this way, engaging in and sharing experiences of Black joy are seen not as ways of ignoring opression but as acts of resistance against it.\""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16798, Collection of African American Children photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16798, Collection of African American Children photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains ninety-eight photographs of African American children and families at home and play from about the 1950s to the 1990s. Measurements range from 6\" X 4\" to 2\" X 2\" inches and are in color and black and white. Several subjects recur throughout the archive. All are unidentified; only three have any annotations on the back. The photographed figures, primarily children but some family shots included, are captured within their homes or playing outside. Activities include playing, swimming, posing, and celebrating holidays and special occasions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains ninety-eight photographs of African American children and families at home and play from about the 1950s to the 1990s. Measurements range from 6\" X 4\" to 2\" X 2\" inches and are in color and black and white. Several subjects recur throughout the archive. All are unidentified; only three have any annotations on the back. The photographed figures, primarily children but some family shots included, are captured within their homes or playing outside. Activities include playing, swimming, posing, and celebrating holidays and special occasions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:33:21.103Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1555"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1524","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Florynce Kennedy photographs","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1524#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"James Arsenault and Co.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1524#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains four black and white photographs (roughly trimmed to 8 x 10 inches or slightly larger) featuring Florynce 'Flo' Kennedy (1916-2000) speaking. Kennedy was an American lawyer, feminist, and activist who founded the Feminist Party in 1971. Each photograph is stamped in red ink with the Examiner Reference Library. The stamps are dated 1973-1976. Three photos include a newspaper clipping of the same image pasted onto the verso, with \"Examiner\" captioning the photo and including photo credits including Paul Gines, Lynott, and Teresa Zabaia. One picture is stamped with a caption on the verso: \"Flo Kennedy at Hookers Convention.\"\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1524#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1524","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1524","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1524","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1524","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1524.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/189457","title_filing_ssi":"Kennedy Florynce photographs","title_ssm":["Florynce Kennedy photographs"],"title_tesim":["Florynce Kennedy photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["c.1973-1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c.1973-1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16784","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1524"],"text":["MSS 16784","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1524","Florynce Kennedy photographs","Women political activists","African Americans -- Civil rights","Feminism -- United States","African Americans -- Photographs","The collection is open for research use.","Florynce Kennedy (February 11, 1916 – December 21, 2000) was an American lawyer, radical feminist, civil rights advocate, lecturer, entertainer, and activist. ","She experienced poverty in the Great Depression and racism in her mostly white neighborhood but was given a strong sense of identity and security from her parents. Kennedy remembered a time when her father had to be armed with a shotgun in order to ward off the Ku Klux Klan presence that was trying to drive her family out.","In 1944 she began classes at Columbia University School of General Studies, majoring in pre-law and graduated in 1949. However, when she applied to the university's law school, she was refused admission. Kennedy met with the dean and threatened to sue the school. They admitted her. She was the only black person among eight women in her class. Kennedy graduated from Columbia Law School in 1951.","\nIn 1971 she founded the Feminist Party, which nominated Shirley Chisholm for president. She also helped found the National Women's Political Caucus. Kennedy was a lawyer for the Women's Health Collective and 350 plaintiffs in a similar lawsuit about abortion in New York. She worked tirelessly for women's issues and to defeat all oppression. According to Sherie Randolph, in her book Florynce \"Flo\" Kennedy: The Life of a Radical Black Feminist, ","\"My main message is that we have a pathologically, institutionally racist, sexist, classist society. And that niggerizing techniques that are used don't only damage black people, but they also damage women, gay people, ex-prison inmates, prostitutes, children, old people, handicapped people, native Americans. And that if we can begin to analyze the pathology of oppression… we would learn a lot about how to deal with it.\" ","Kennedy kept revisiting the same aim: \"urging women to examine the sources of their oppression. She spoke of day to day acts of resistance that we can all take...\" ","In 1997, Kennedy received a Lifetime Courageous Activist Award, and the following year was honored by Columbia University with their Owl Award for outstanding graduates. In 1999, the City University of New York awarded her the Century Award.","Florynce describes herself in this way, \"I'm just a loud-mouthed middle-aged colored lady with a fused spine and three feet of intestines missing and a lot of people think I'm crazy. Maybe you do too, but I never stop to wonder why I'm not like other people. The mystery to me is why more people aren't like me.\"","With an immeasurable impact on civil rights and equality for all, Kennedy's legacy serves as a reminder that Black women are often at the core of social and political progress, despite being overlooked by history. An empowering figure for women today, Kennedy is remembered for her flamboyance and ferocity that she never apologized for. ","Source:\n\"Florynce Kennedy.\" Wikipedia. Accessed 5/30/23.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florynce_Kennedy","Militano, Hannah. \"Who Was Flo Kennedy? Learn All About the Fiery Black Feminist and Civil Rights Activist.\" L'Officiel.2/09/21.\nhttps://www.lofficielusa.com/politics-culture/who-was-florynce-flo-kennedy-black-feminist-activist","This collection contains four black and white photographs (roughly trimmed to 8 x 10 inches or slightly larger) featuring  Florynce 'Flo' Kennedy (1916-2000) speaking. Kennedy was an American lawyer, feminist, and activist who founded the Feminist Party in 1971. Each photograph is stamped in red ink with the Examiner Reference Library. The stamps are dated 1973-1976. Three photos include a newspaper clipping of the same image pasted onto the verso, with \"Examiner\" captioning the photo and including photo credits including Paul Gines, Lynott, and Teresa Zabaia. One picture is stamped with a caption on the verso: \"Flo Kennedy at Hookers Convention.\"","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Kennedy, Florynce, 1916-2000","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16784","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1524"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Florynce Kennedy photographs"],"collection_title_tesim":["Florynce Kennedy photographs"],"collection_ssim":["Florynce Kennedy photographs"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creator_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creators_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from James Arenenault by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 03 March 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women political activists","African Americans -- Civil rights","Feminism -- United States","African Americans -- Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women political activists","African Americans -- Civil rights","Feminism -- United States","African Americans -- Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"physfacet_tesim":["4 letter-sized photographs"],"genreform_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1973,1974,1975,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFlorynce Kennedy (February 11, 1916 – December 21, 2000) was an American lawyer, radical feminist, civil rights advocate, lecturer, entertainer, and activist. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShe experienced poverty in the Great Depression and racism in her mostly white neighborhood but was given a strong sense of identity and security from her parents. Kennedy remembered a time when her father had to be armed with a shotgun in order to ward off the Ku Klux Klan presence that was trying to drive her family out.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1944 she began classes at Columbia University School of General Studies, majoring in pre-law and graduated in 1949. However, when she applied to the university's law school, she was refused admission. Kennedy met with the dean and threatened to sue the school. They admitted her. She was the only black person among eight women in her class. Kennedy graduated from Columbia Law School in 1951.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1971 she founded the Feminist Party, which nominated Shirley Chisholm for president. She also helped found the National Women's Political Caucus. Kennedy was a lawyer for the Women's Health Collective and 350 plaintiffs in a similar lawsuit about abortion in New York. She worked tirelessly for women's issues and to defeat all oppression. According to Sherie Randolph, in her book Florynce \"Flo\" Kennedy: The Life of a Radical Black Feminist, \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"My main message is that we have a pathologically, institutionally racist, sexist, classist society. And that niggerizing techniques that are used don't only damage black people, but they also damage women, gay people, ex-prison inmates, prostitutes, children, old people, handicapped people, native Americans. And that if we can begin to analyze the pathology of oppression… we would learn a lot about how to deal with it.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eKennedy kept revisiting the same aim: \"urging women to examine the sources of their oppression. She spoke of day to day acts of resistance that we can all take...\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1997, Kennedy received a Lifetime Courageous Activist Award, and the following year was honored by Columbia University with their Owl Award for outstanding graduates. In 1999, the City University of New York awarded her the Century Award.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFlorynce describes herself in this way, \"I'm just a loud-mouthed middle-aged colored lady with a fused spine and three feet of intestines missing and a lot of people think I'm crazy. Maybe you do too, but I never stop to wonder why I'm not like other people. The mystery to me is why more people aren't like me.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith an immeasurable impact on civil rights and equality for all, Kennedy's legacy serves as a reminder that Black women are often at the core of social and political progress, despite being overlooked by history. An empowering figure for women today, Kennedy is remembered for her flamboyance and ferocity that she never apologized for. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource:\n\"Florynce Kennedy.\" Wikipedia. Accessed 5/30/23.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florynce_Kennedy\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMilitano, Hannah. \"Who Was Flo Kennedy? Learn All About the Fiery Black Feminist and Civil Rights Activist.\" L'Officiel.2/09/21.\nhttps://www.lofficielusa.com/politics-culture/who-was-florynce-flo-kennedy-black-feminist-activist\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Florynce Kennedy (February 11, 1916 – December 21, 2000) was an American lawyer, radical feminist, civil rights advocate, lecturer, entertainer, and activist. ","She experienced poverty in the Great Depression and racism in her mostly white neighborhood but was given a strong sense of identity and security from her parents. Kennedy remembered a time when her father had to be armed with a shotgun in order to ward off the Ku Klux Klan presence that was trying to drive her family out.","In 1944 she began classes at Columbia University School of General Studies, majoring in pre-law and graduated in 1949. However, when she applied to the university's law school, she was refused admission. Kennedy met with the dean and threatened to sue the school. They admitted her. She was the only black person among eight women in her class. Kennedy graduated from Columbia Law School in 1951.","\nIn 1971 she founded the Feminist Party, which nominated Shirley Chisholm for president. She also helped found the National Women's Political Caucus. Kennedy was a lawyer for the Women's Health Collective and 350 plaintiffs in a similar lawsuit about abortion in New York. She worked tirelessly for women's issues and to defeat all oppression. According to Sherie Randolph, in her book Florynce \"Flo\" Kennedy: The Life of a Radical Black Feminist, ","\"My main message is that we have a pathologically, institutionally racist, sexist, classist society. And that niggerizing techniques that are used don't only damage black people, but they also damage women, gay people, ex-prison inmates, prostitutes, children, old people, handicapped people, native Americans. And that if we can begin to analyze the pathology of oppression… we would learn a lot about how to deal with it.\" ","Kennedy kept revisiting the same aim: \"urging women to examine the sources of their oppression. She spoke of day to day acts of resistance that we can all take...\" ","In 1997, Kennedy received a Lifetime Courageous Activist Award, and the following year was honored by Columbia University with their Owl Award for outstanding graduates. In 1999, the City University of New York awarded her the Century Award.","Florynce describes herself in this way, \"I'm just a loud-mouthed middle-aged colored lady with a fused spine and three feet of intestines missing and a lot of people think I'm crazy. Maybe you do too, but I never stop to wonder why I'm not like other people. The mystery to me is why more people aren't like me.\"","With an immeasurable impact on civil rights and equality for all, Kennedy's legacy serves as a reminder that Black women are often at the core of social and political progress, despite being overlooked by history. An empowering figure for women today, Kennedy is remembered for her flamboyance and ferocity that she never apologized for. ","Source:\n\"Florynce Kennedy.\" Wikipedia. Accessed 5/30/23.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florynce_Kennedy","Militano, Hannah. \"Who Was Flo Kennedy? Learn All About the Fiery Black Feminist and Civil Rights Activist.\" L'Officiel.2/09/21.\nhttps://www.lofficielusa.com/politics-culture/who-was-florynce-flo-kennedy-black-feminist-activist"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16784, Florynce Kennedy photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16784, Florynce Kennedy photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains four black and white photographs (roughly trimmed to 8 x 10 inches or slightly larger) featuring  Florynce 'Flo' Kennedy (1916-2000) speaking. Kennedy was an American lawyer, feminist, and activist who founded the Feminist Party in 1971. Each photograph is stamped in red ink with the Examiner Reference Library. The stamps are dated 1973-1976. Three photos include a newspaper clipping of the same image pasted onto the verso, with \"Examiner\" captioning the photo and including photo credits including Paul Gines, Lynott, and Teresa Zabaia. One picture is stamped with a caption on the verso: \"Flo Kennedy at Hookers Convention.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains four black and white photographs (roughly trimmed to 8 x 10 inches or slightly larger) featuring  Florynce 'Flo' Kennedy (1916-2000) speaking. Kennedy was an American lawyer, feminist, and activist who founded the Feminist Party in 1971. Each photograph is stamped in red ink with the Examiner Reference Library. The stamps are dated 1973-1976. Three photos include a newspaper clipping of the same image pasted onto the verso, with \"Examiner\" captioning the photo and including photo credits including Paul Gines, Lynott, and Teresa Zabaia. One picture is stamped with a caption on the verso: \"Flo Kennedy at Hookers Convention.\""],"names_coll_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co.","Kennedy, Florynce, 1916-2000"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Kennedy, Florynce, 1916-2000"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co."],"persname_ssim":["Kennedy, Florynce, 1916-2000"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:41:23.997Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1524","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1524","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1524","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1524","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1524.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/189457","title_filing_ssi":"Kennedy Florynce photographs","title_ssm":["Florynce Kennedy photographs"],"title_tesim":["Florynce Kennedy photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["c.1973-1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c.1973-1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16784","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1524"],"text":["MSS 16784","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1524","Florynce Kennedy photographs","Women political activists","African Americans -- Civil rights","Feminism -- United States","African Americans -- Photographs","The collection is open for research use.","Florynce Kennedy (February 11, 1916 – December 21, 2000) was an American lawyer, radical feminist, civil rights advocate, lecturer, entertainer, and activist. ","She experienced poverty in the Great Depression and racism in her mostly white neighborhood but was given a strong sense of identity and security from her parents. Kennedy remembered a time when her father had to be armed with a shotgun in order to ward off the Ku Klux Klan presence that was trying to drive her family out.","In 1944 she began classes at Columbia University School of General Studies, majoring in pre-law and graduated in 1949. However, when she applied to the university's law school, she was refused admission. Kennedy met with the dean and threatened to sue the school. They admitted her. She was the only black person among eight women in her class. Kennedy graduated from Columbia Law School in 1951.","\nIn 1971 she founded the Feminist Party, which nominated Shirley Chisholm for president. She also helped found the National Women's Political Caucus. Kennedy was a lawyer for the Women's Health Collective and 350 plaintiffs in a similar lawsuit about abortion in New York. She worked tirelessly for women's issues and to defeat all oppression. According to Sherie Randolph, in her book Florynce \"Flo\" Kennedy: The Life of a Radical Black Feminist, ","\"My main message is that we have a pathologically, institutionally racist, sexist, classist society. And that niggerizing techniques that are used don't only damage black people, but they also damage women, gay people, ex-prison inmates, prostitutes, children, old people, handicapped people, native Americans. And that if we can begin to analyze the pathology of oppression… we would learn a lot about how to deal with it.\" ","Kennedy kept revisiting the same aim: \"urging women to examine the sources of their oppression. She spoke of day to day acts of resistance that we can all take...\" ","In 1997, Kennedy received a Lifetime Courageous Activist Award, and the following year was honored by Columbia University with their Owl Award for outstanding graduates. In 1999, the City University of New York awarded her the Century Award.","Florynce describes herself in this way, \"I'm just a loud-mouthed middle-aged colored lady with a fused spine and three feet of intestines missing and a lot of people think I'm crazy. Maybe you do too, but I never stop to wonder why I'm not like other people. The mystery to me is why more people aren't like me.\"","With an immeasurable impact on civil rights and equality for all, Kennedy's legacy serves as a reminder that Black women are often at the core of social and political progress, despite being overlooked by history. An empowering figure for women today, Kennedy is remembered for her flamboyance and ferocity that she never apologized for. ","Source:\n\"Florynce Kennedy.\" Wikipedia. Accessed 5/30/23.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florynce_Kennedy","Militano, Hannah. \"Who Was Flo Kennedy? Learn All About the Fiery Black Feminist and Civil Rights Activist.\" L'Officiel.2/09/21.\nhttps://www.lofficielusa.com/politics-culture/who-was-florynce-flo-kennedy-black-feminist-activist","This collection contains four black and white photographs (roughly trimmed to 8 x 10 inches or slightly larger) featuring  Florynce 'Flo' Kennedy (1916-2000) speaking. Kennedy was an American lawyer, feminist, and activist who founded the Feminist Party in 1971. Each photograph is stamped in red ink with the Examiner Reference Library. The stamps are dated 1973-1976. Three photos include a newspaper clipping of the same image pasted onto the verso, with \"Examiner\" captioning the photo and including photo credits including Paul Gines, Lynott, and Teresa Zabaia. One picture is stamped with a caption on the verso: \"Flo Kennedy at Hookers Convention.\"","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Kennedy, Florynce, 1916-2000","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16784","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1524"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Florynce Kennedy photographs"],"collection_title_tesim":["Florynce Kennedy photographs"],"collection_ssim":["Florynce Kennedy photographs"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creator_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creators_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from James Arenenault by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 03 March 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women political activists","African Americans -- Civil rights","Feminism -- United States","African Americans -- Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women political activists","African Americans -- Civil rights","Feminism -- United States","African Americans -- Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"physfacet_tesim":["4 letter-sized photographs"],"genreform_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1973,1974,1975,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFlorynce Kennedy (February 11, 1916 – December 21, 2000) was an American lawyer, radical feminist, civil rights advocate, lecturer, entertainer, and activist. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShe experienced poverty in the Great Depression and racism in her mostly white neighborhood but was given a strong sense of identity and security from her parents. Kennedy remembered a time when her father had to be armed with a shotgun in order to ward off the Ku Klux Klan presence that was trying to drive her family out.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1944 she began classes at Columbia University School of General Studies, majoring in pre-law and graduated in 1949. However, when she applied to the university's law school, she was refused admission. Kennedy met with the dean and threatened to sue the school. They admitted her. She was the only black person among eight women in her class. Kennedy graduated from Columbia Law School in 1951.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1971 she founded the Feminist Party, which nominated Shirley Chisholm for president. She also helped found the National Women's Political Caucus. Kennedy was a lawyer for the Women's Health Collective and 350 plaintiffs in a similar lawsuit about abortion in New York. She worked tirelessly for women's issues and to defeat all oppression. According to Sherie Randolph, in her book Florynce \"Flo\" Kennedy: The Life of a Radical Black Feminist, \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"My main message is that we have a pathologically, institutionally racist, sexist, classist society. And that niggerizing techniques that are used don't only damage black people, but they also damage women, gay people, ex-prison inmates, prostitutes, children, old people, handicapped people, native Americans. And that if we can begin to analyze the pathology of oppression… we would learn a lot about how to deal with it.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eKennedy kept revisiting the same aim: \"urging women to examine the sources of their oppression. She spoke of day to day acts of resistance that we can all take...\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1997, Kennedy received a Lifetime Courageous Activist Award, and the following year was honored by Columbia University with their Owl Award for outstanding graduates. In 1999, the City University of New York awarded her the Century Award.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFlorynce describes herself in this way, \"I'm just a loud-mouthed middle-aged colored lady with a fused spine and three feet of intestines missing and a lot of people think I'm crazy. Maybe you do too, but I never stop to wonder why I'm not like other people. The mystery to me is why more people aren't like me.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith an immeasurable impact on civil rights and equality for all, Kennedy's legacy serves as a reminder that Black women are often at the core of social and political progress, despite being overlooked by history. An empowering figure for women today, Kennedy is remembered for her flamboyance and ferocity that she never apologized for. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource:\n\"Florynce Kennedy.\" Wikipedia. Accessed 5/30/23.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florynce_Kennedy\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMilitano, Hannah. \"Who Was Flo Kennedy? Learn All About the Fiery Black Feminist and Civil Rights Activist.\" L'Officiel.2/09/21.\nhttps://www.lofficielusa.com/politics-culture/who-was-florynce-flo-kennedy-black-feminist-activist\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Florynce Kennedy (February 11, 1916 – December 21, 2000) was an American lawyer, radical feminist, civil rights advocate, lecturer, entertainer, and activist. ","She experienced poverty in the Great Depression and racism in her mostly white neighborhood but was given a strong sense of identity and security from her parents. Kennedy remembered a time when her father had to be armed with a shotgun in order to ward off the Ku Klux Klan presence that was trying to drive her family out.","In 1944 she began classes at Columbia University School of General Studies, majoring in pre-law and graduated in 1949. However, when she applied to the university's law school, she was refused admission. Kennedy met with the dean and threatened to sue the school. They admitted her. She was the only black person among eight women in her class. Kennedy graduated from Columbia Law School in 1951.","\nIn 1971 she founded the Feminist Party, which nominated Shirley Chisholm for president. She also helped found the National Women's Political Caucus. Kennedy was a lawyer for the Women's Health Collective and 350 plaintiffs in a similar lawsuit about abortion in New York. She worked tirelessly for women's issues and to defeat all oppression. According to Sherie Randolph, in her book Florynce \"Flo\" Kennedy: The Life of a Radical Black Feminist, ","\"My main message is that we have a pathologically, institutionally racist, sexist, classist society. And that niggerizing techniques that are used don't only damage black people, but they also damage women, gay people, ex-prison inmates, prostitutes, children, old people, handicapped people, native Americans. And that if we can begin to analyze the pathology of oppression… we would learn a lot about how to deal with it.\" ","Kennedy kept revisiting the same aim: \"urging women to examine the sources of their oppression. She spoke of day to day acts of resistance that we can all take...\" ","In 1997, Kennedy received a Lifetime Courageous Activist Award, and the following year was honored by Columbia University with their Owl Award for outstanding graduates. In 1999, the City University of New York awarded her the Century Award.","Florynce describes herself in this way, \"I'm just a loud-mouthed middle-aged colored lady with a fused spine and three feet of intestines missing and a lot of people think I'm crazy. Maybe you do too, but I never stop to wonder why I'm not like other people. The mystery to me is why more people aren't like me.\"","With an immeasurable impact on civil rights and equality for all, Kennedy's legacy serves as a reminder that Black women are often at the core of social and political progress, despite being overlooked by history. An empowering figure for women today, Kennedy is remembered for her flamboyance and ferocity that she never apologized for. ","Source:\n\"Florynce Kennedy.\" Wikipedia. Accessed 5/30/23.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florynce_Kennedy","Militano, Hannah. \"Who Was Flo Kennedy? Learn All About the Fiery Black Feminist and Civil Rights Activist.\" L'Officiel.2/09/21.\nhttps://www.lofficielusa.com/politics-culture/who-was-florynce-flo-kennedy-black-feminist-activist"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16784, Florynce Kennedy photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16784, Florynce Kennedy photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains four black and white photographs (roughly trimmed to 8 x 10 inches or slightly larger) featuring  Florynce 'Flo' Kennedy (1916-2000) speaking. Kennedy was an American lawyer, feminist, and activist who founded the Feminist Party in 1971. Each photograph is stamped in red ink with the Examiner Reference Library. The stamps are dated 1973-1976. Three photos include a newspaper clipping of the same image pasted onto the verso, with \"Examiner\" captioning the photo and including photo credits including Paul Gines, Lynott, and Teresa Zabaia. One picture is stamped with a caption on the verso: \"Flo Kennedy at Hookers Convention.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains four black and white photographs (roughly trimmed to 8 x 10 inches or slightly larger) featuring  Florynce 'Flo' Kennedy (1916-2000) speaking. Kennedy was an American lawyer, feminist, and activist who founded the Feminist Party in 1971. Each photograph is stamped in red ink with the Examiner Reference Library. The stamps are dated 1973-1976. Three photos include a newspaper clipping of the same image pasted onto the verso, with \"Examiner\" captioning the photo and including photo credits including Paul Gines, Lynott, and Teresa Zabaia. One picture is stamped with a caption on the verso: \"Flo Kennedy at Hookers Convention.\""],"names_coll_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co.","Kennedy, Florynce, 1916-2000"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Kennedy, Florynce, 1916-2000"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co."],"persname_ssim":["Kennedy, Florynce, 1916-2000"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:41:23.997Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1524"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1822","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1822#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Primary Sources, Uncharted Americana  (Ann Arbor, MI)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1822#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e The collection MSS 16920 contains the Tinsley, Edwards, Rich family history (1795; 1820-1978) written by William George Rich III (1905-1988) about his great-great grandfather who called himself William Tinsley (born into enslavery in 1795,and freed in 1820), his great grandparents Nelson and Lauren Broady Tinsley, (an indigenous woman) and his grandparents Charles Robert Tinsley (1851-1919) and Betty Edwards Tinsley (1855-1924) (daughter of an indigenous woman Malinda Edwards)and their eight grandchildren (William George Rich III and his 7 cousins) who lived on their own land in Amherst, Virginia. The collection is remarkable in the amount of detail that is provided about a prosperous African American family living during Jim Crow laws. Charles Robert Tinsley was the owner of a livery stable and built a house for his children, grandchildren and his parents, Nelson and Lauren Tinsley.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1822#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1822","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1822","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1822","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1822","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1822.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/229825","title_filing_ssi":"Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers","title_ssm":["Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers"],"title_tesim":["Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1870-1988","1819-1820"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1870-1988"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1819-1820"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16920","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1822"],"text":["MSS 16920","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1822","Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers","African American families","African Americans -- Virginia","Deafness","African Americans -- Photographs","genealogies (histories)","This collection is open for research.","The collection (MSS 16920) contains the Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family history (1820-1978) of Amherst, Virginia written and compiled by William George Rich III (1905-1988)and his family about his great-great grandfather who called himself William Tinsley (born into enslavery in 1795,and freed in 1820), his great grandparents Nelson and Lauren (Broady) Tinsley –  and his grandparents Charles Robert Tinsley (1851-1919) and Betty Edwards Tinsley (1855-1924) (daughter of Malinda Edwards, an indigenous woman) and their eight grandchildren (William George Rich III and his cousins.) The eight grandchildren, called the cousins of Amherst, (many of them earning college and post college degrees) were  - Vernon Allan Rich (1902-1985), William George Rich III (1904-1988), Celestine Rich Arnold (1915-?)- born to Bessie Tinsley 1877-1951  and William George Rich II who was Deaf;  Alma Brown (1902-1926), Charles \"Son\" Brown (1904-1959), Hausie Brown (1910-1934) who were the children of Lillie Tinsley (1879-1922) and Charles Brown; Constance Thomas Parker (1917-1981) was the daughter of Hariette \"Hattie\" Tinsley (1881-1949) and Richard Gates Thomas; and Dorothy Massie Christian (1904-1966) was the daughter of Signora Tinsley (1885-1940) and Hugh Massie (1883-1980).","\nThe collection MSS 16920 contains the Tinsley, Edwards, Rich family history (1795; 1820-1978) written by William George Rich III (1905-1988) about his great-great grandfather who called himself William Tinsley (born into enslavery in 1795,and freed in 1820), his great grandparents Nelson and Lauren Broady Tinsley, (an indigenous woman) and his grandparents Charles Robert Tinsley (1851-1919) and Betty Edwards Tinsley (1855-1924) (daughter of an indigenous woman Malinda Edwards)and their eight grandchildren (William George Rich III and his 7 cousins) who lived on their own land in Amherst, Virginia. The collection is remarkable in the amount of detail that is provided about a prosperous African American family living during Jim Crow laws. Charles Robert Tinsley was the owner of a livery stable and built a house for his children, grandchildren and his parents, Nelson and Lauren Tinsley.","Betty Edwards Tinsley (wife of Charles Robert Tinsley) inherited land from her parents, Washington Edwards and Malinda Edwards (an indigenous woman.) Her father was a minister and may have been white or mixed race. Charles Robert Tinsley sold part of that land and built a farm and successful livery business in Amherst, near Lynchburg, where several generations of the family lived a comfortable life on 64 Depot Road. ","There are typed family histories in homemade scrapbooks documenting multiple generations of the Tinsley-Rich-Edwards family, self- described as a prosperous and \"happy\" African American family and with deep roots in Virginia and highly respected by other African American and white families.","The collection contains a photocopy of an 1819 Notice of Sale of six enslaved men of which one man (William Tinsley) was freed and saved his own for sale notice. Jacob and Isaac Tinsley, son and heirs of the white William Tinsley, created the for-sale notice \"Six Lively Young Negroes\". The white heirs made enough money from the sale to free the seventh person, who decided to call himself William Tinsley. The name of William Tinsley's wife is unknown. They had a son named Nelson Tinsley, born in 1823 who married Lauren Broady in 1850.","The Tinsley, Edwards, Rich family collection is a rich resource which details their family life and describes family members and their close relationships. It contains family photographs with compelling clarity from the 1890s to the 1950s, that bring this family to life.","There are documents including news clippings, ephemera, genealogical charts, certificates, military separation papers, a manuscript plan map of the Tinsley \"Homestead\" and its plot in Amherst, a genealogical essay on family history, including personal recollections, noting that Rich II was born deaf and was sent for schooling at the Kendall School (Gadaulet College) in Washington DC. ","There are two homemade scrapbooks and two albums with nearly 400 mounted photographs of various sizes and formats, as well as nearly 200 loose photographs in and out of albums.There are carte-de-visites, cabinet card photographs, negatives, and photo postcards. ","\nOne includes Bessie Tinsley Rich's album, which contains 117 mounted and approximately 50 loose photographs, all dating from about 1870-1950, and with ink text annotations written directly on pages. ","\nOne includes Celestine Rich's album containing 173 mounted photographs, approximately 35 loose, mostly from the 1930s. ","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Primary Sources, Uncharted Americana  (Ann Arbor, MI)","Rich, William George, Jr., 1905-1988","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16920","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1822"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Primary Sources, Uncharted Americana  (Ann Arbor, MI)","Rich, William George, Jr., 1905-1988"],"creator_ssim":["Primary Sources, Uncharted Americana  (Ann Arbor, MI)","Rich, William George, Jr., 1905-1988"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Rich, William George, Jr., 1905-1988"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Primary Sources, Uncharted Americana  (Ann Arbor, MI)"],"creators_ssim":["Rich, William George, Jr., 1905-1988","Primary Sources, Uncharted Americana  (Ann Arbor, MI)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 18 July 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American families","African Americans -- Virginia","Deafness","African Americans -- Photographs","genealogies (histories)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American families","African Americans -- Virginia","Deafness","African Americans -- Photographs","genealogies (histories)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".9 Cubic Feet 1 document box (letter) and 1 medium flat box"],"extent_tesim":[".9 Cubic Feet 1 document box (letter) and 1 medium flat box"],"genreform_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs","genealogies (histories)"],"date_range_isim":[1819,1820,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection (MSS 16920) contains the Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family history (1820-1978) of Amherst, Virginia written and compiled by William George Rich III (1905-1988)and his family about his great-great grandfather who called himself William Tinsley (born into enslavery in 1795,and freed in 1820), his great grandparents Nelson and Lauren (Broady) Tinsley –  and his grandparents Charles Robert Tinsley (1851-1919) and Betty Edwards Tinsley (1855-1924) (daughter of Malinda Edwards, an indigenous woman) and their eight grandchildren (William George Rich III and his cousins.) The eight grandchildren, called the cousins of Amherst, (many of them earning college and post college degrees) were  - Vernon Allan Rich (1902-1985), William George Rich III (1904-1988), Celestine Rich Arnold (1915-?)- born to Bessie Tinsley 1877-1951  and William George Rich II who was Deaf;  Alma Brown (1902-1926), Charles \"Son\" Brown (1904-1959), Hausie Brown (1910-1934) who were the children of Lillie Tinsley (1879-1922) and Charles Brown; Constance Thomas Parker (1917-1981) was the daughter of Hariette \"Hattie\" Tinsley (1881-1949) and Richard Gates Thomas; and Dorothy Massie Christian (1904-1966) was the daughter of Signora Tinsley (1885-1940) and Hugh Massie (1883-1980).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The collection (MSS 16920) contains the Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family history (1820-1978) of Amherst, Virginia written and compiled by William George Rich III (1905-1988)and his family about his great-great grandfather who called himself William Tinsley (born into enslavery in 1795,and freed in 1820), his great grandparents Nelson and Lauren (Broady) Tinsley –  and his grandparents Charles Robert Tinsley (1851-1919) and Betty Edwards Tinsley (1855-1924) (daughter of Malinda Edwards, an indigenous woman) and their eight grandchildren (William George Rich III and his cousins.) The eight grandchildren, called the cousins of Amherst, (many of them earning college and post college degrees) were  - Vernon Allan Rich (1902-1985), William George Rich III (1904-1988), Celestine Rich Arnold (1915-?)- born to Bessie Tinsley 1877-1951  and William George Rich II who was Deaf;  Alma Brown (1902-1926), Charles \"Son\" Brown (1904-1959), Hausie Brown (1910-1934) who were the children of Lillie Tinsley (1879-1922) and Charles Brown; Constance Thomas Parker (1917-1981) was the daughter of Hariette \"Hattie\" Tinsley (1881-1949) and Richard Gates Thomas; and Dorothy Massie Christian (1904-1966) was the daughter of Signora Tinsley (1885-1940) and Hugh Massie (1883-1980)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16920, Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16920, Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe collection MSS 16920 contains the Tinsley, Edwards, Rich family history (1795; 1820-1978) written by William George Rich III (1905-1988) about his great-great grandfather who called himself William Tinsley (born into enslavery in 1795,and freed in 1820), his great grandparents Nelson and Lauren Broady Tinsley, (an indigenous woman) and his grandparents Charles Robert Tinsley (1851-1919) and Betty Edwards Tinsley (1855-1924) (daughter of an indigenous woman Malinda Edwards)and their eight grandchildren (William George Rich III and his 7 cousins) who lived on their own land in Amherst, Virginia. The collection is remarkable in the amount of detail that is provided about a prosperous African American family living during Jim Crow laws. Charles Robert Tinsley was the owner of a livery stable and built a house for his children, grandchildren and his parents, Nelson and Lauren Tinsley.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBetty Edwards Tinsley (wife of Charles Robert Tinsley) inherited land from her parents, Washington Edwards and Malinda Edwards (an indigenous woman.) Her father was a minister and may have been white or mixed race. Charles Robert Tinsley sold part of that land and built a farm and successful livery business in Amherst, near Lynchburg, where several generations of the family lived a comfortable life on 64 Depot Road. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are typed family histories in homemade scrapbooks documenting multiple generations of the Tinsley-Rich-Edwards family, self- described as a prosperous and \"happy\" African American family and with deep roots in Virginia and highly respected by other African American and white families.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains a photocopy of an 1819 Notice of Sale of six enslaved men of which one man (William Tinsley) was freed and saved his own for sale notice. Jacob and Isaac Tinsley, son and heirs of the white William Tinsley, created the for-sale notice \"Six Lively Young Negroes\". The white heirs made enough money from the sale to free the seventh person, who decided to call himself William Tinsley. The name of William Tinsley's wife is unknown. They had a son named Nelson Tinsley, born in 1823 who married Lauren Broady in 1850.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Tinsley, Edwards, Rich family collection is a rich resource which details their family life and describes family members and their close relationships. It contains family photographs with compelling clarity from the 1890s to the 1950s, that bring this family to life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are documents including news clippings, ephemera, genealogical charts, certificates, military separation papers, a manuscript plan map of the Tinsley \"Homestead\" and its plot in Amherst, a genealogical essay on family history, including personal recollections, noting that Rich II was born deaf and was sent for schooling at the Kendall School (Gadaulet College) in Washington DC. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are two homemade scrapbooks and two albums with nearly 400 mounted photographs of various sizes and formats, as well as nearly 200 loose photographs in and out of albums.There are carte-de-visites, cabinet card photographs, negatives, and photo postcards. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOne includes Bessie Tinsley Rich's album, which contains 117 mounted and approximately 50 loose photographs, all dating from about 1870-1950, and with ink text annotations written directly on pages. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOne includes Celestine Rich's album containing 173 mounted photographs, approximately 35 loose, mostly from the 1930s. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\nThe collection MSS 16920 contains the Tinsley, Edwards, Rich family history (1795; 1820-1978) written by William George Rich III (1905-1988) about his great-great grandfather who called himself William Tinsley (born into enslavery in 1795,and freed in 1820), his great grandparents Nelson and Lauren Broady Tinsley, (an indigenous woman) and his grandparents Charles Robert Tinsley (1851-1919) and Betty Edwards Tinsley (1855-1924) (daughter of an indigenous woman Malinda Edwards)and their eight grandchildren (William George Rich III and his 7 cousins) who lived on their own land in Amherst, Virginia. The collection is remarkable in the amount of detail that is provided about a prosperous African American family living during Jim Crow laws. Charles Robert Tinsley was the owner of a livery stable and built a house for his children, grandchildren and his parents, Nelson and Lauren Tinsley.","Betty Edwards Tinsley (wife of Charles Robert Tinsley) inherited land from her parents, Washington Edwards and Malinda Edwards (an indigenous woman.) Her father was a minister and may have been white or mixed race. Charles Robert Tinsley sold part of that land and built a farm and successful livery business in Amherst, near Lynchburg, where several generations of the family lived a comfortable life on 64 Depot Road. ","There are typed family histories in homemade scrapbooks documenting multiple generations of the Tinsley-Rich-Edwards family, self- described as a prosperous and \"happy\" African American family and with deep roots in Virginia and highly respected by other African American and white families.","The collection contains a photocopy of an 1819 Notice of Sale of six enslaved men of which one man (William Tinsley) was freed and saved his own for sale notice. Jacob and Isaac Tinsley, son and heirs of the white William Tinsley, created the for-sale notice \"Six Lively Young Negroes\". The white heirs made enough money from the sale to free the seventh person, who decided to call himself William Tinsley. The name of William Tinsley's wife is unknown. They had a son named Nelson Tinsley, born in 1823 who married Lauren Broady in 1850.","The Tinsley, Edwards, Rich family collection is a rich resource which details their family life and describes family members and their close relationships. It contains family photographs with compelling clarity from the 1890s to the 1950s, that bring this family to life.","There are documents including news clippings, ephemera, genealogical charts, certificates, military separation papers, a manuscript plan map of the Tinsley \"Homestead\" and its plot in Amherst, a genealogical essay on family history, including personal recollections, noting that Rich II was born deaf and was sent for schooling at the Kendall School (Gadaulet College) in Washington DC. ","There are two homemade scrapbooks and two albums with nearly 400 mounted photographs of various sizes and formats, as well as nearly 200 loose photographs in and out of albums.There are carte-de-visites, cabinet card photographs, negatives, and photo postcards. ","\nOne includes Bessie Tinsley Rich's album, which contains 117 mounted and approximately 50 loose photographs, all dating from about 1870-1950, and with ink text annotations written directly on pages. ","\nOne includes Celestine Rich's album containing 173 mounted photographs, approximately 35 loose, mostly from the 1930s. "],"names_coll_ssim":["Primary Sources, Uncharted Americana  (Ann Arbor, MI)"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Primary Sources, Uncharted Americana  (Ann Arbor, MI)","Rich, William George, Jr., 1905-1988"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Primary Sources, Uncharted Americana  (Ann Arbor, MI)"],"persname_ssim":["Rich, William George, Jr., 1905-1988"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":6,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:53:20.723Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1822","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1822","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1822","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1822","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1822.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/229825","title_filing_ssi":"Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers","title_ssm":["Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers"],"title_tesim":["Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1870-1988","1819-1820"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1870-1988"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1819-1820"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16920","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1822"],"text":["MSS 16920","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1822","Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers","African American families","African Americans -- Virginia","Deafness","African Americans -- Photographs","genealogies (histories)","This collection is open for research.","The collection (MSS 16920) contains the Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family history (1820-1978) of Amherst, Virginia written and compiled by William George Rich III (1905-1988)and his family about his great-great grandfather who called himself William Tinsley (born into enslavery in 1795,and freed in 1820), his great grandparents Nelson and Lauren (Broady) Tinsley –  and his grandparents Charles Robert Tinsley (1851-1919) and Betty Edwards Tinsley (1855-1924) (daughter of Malinda Edwards, an indigenous woman) and their eight grandchildren (William George Rich III and his cousins.) The eight grandchildren, called the cousins of Amherst, (many of them earning college and post college degrees) were  - Vernon Allan Rich (1902-1985), William George Rich III (1904-1988), Celestine Rich Arnold (1915-?)- born to Bessie Tinsley 1877-1951  and William George Rich II who was Deaf;  Alma Brown (1902-1926), Charles \"Son\" Brown (1904-1959), Hausie Brown (1910-1934) who were the children of Lillie Tinsley (1879-1922) and Charles Brown; Constance Thomas Parker (1917-1981) was the daughter of Hariette \"Hattie\" Tinsley (1881-1949) and Richard Gates Thomas; and Dorothy Massie Christian (1904-1966) was the daughter of Signora Tinsley (1885-1940) and Hugh Massie (1883-1980).","\nThe collection MSS 16920 contains the Tinsley, Edwards, Rich family history (1795; 1820-1978) written by William George Rich III (1905-1988) about his great-great grandfather who called himself William Tinsley (born into enslavery in 1795,and freed in 1820), his great grandparents Nelson and Lauren Broady Tinsley, (an indigenous woman) and his grandparents Charles Robert Tinsley (1851-1919) and Betty Edwards Tinsley (1855-1924) (daughter of an indigenous woman Malinda Edwards)and their eight grandchildren (William George Rich III and his 7 cousins) who lived on their own land in Amherst, Virginia. The collection is remarkable in the amount of detail that is provided about a prosperous African American family living during Jim Crow laws. Charles Robert Tinsley was the owner of a livery stable and built a house for his children, grandchildren and his parents, Nelson and Lauren Tinsley.","Betty Edwards Tinsley (wife of Charles Robert Tinsley) inherited land from her parents, Washington Edwards and Malinda Edwards (an indigenous woman.) Her father was a minister and may have been white or mixed race. Charles Robert Tinsley sold part of that land and built a farm and successful livery business in Amherst, near Lynchburg, where several generations of the family lived a comfortable life on 64 Depot Road. ","There are typed family histories in homemade scrapbooks documenting multiple generations of the Tinsley-Rich-Edwards family, self- described as a prosperous and \"happy\" African American family and with deep roots in Virginia and highly respected by other African American and white families.","The collection contains a photocopy of an 1819 Notice of Sale of six enslaved men of which one man (William Tinsley) was freed and saved his own for sale notice. Jacob and Isaac Tinsley, son and heirs of the white William Tinsley, created the for-sale notice \"Six Lively Young Negroes\". The white heirs made enough money from the sale to free the seventh person, who decided to call himself William Tinsley. The name of William Tinsley's wife is unknown. They had a son named Nelson Tinsley, born in 1823 who married Lauren Broady in 1850.","The Tinsley, Edwards, Rich family collection is a rich resource which details their family life and describes family members and their close relationships. It contains family photographs with compelling clarity from the 1890s to the 1950s, that bring this family to life.","There are documents including news clippings, ephemera, genealogical charts, certificates, military separation papers, a manuscript plan map of the Tinsley \"Homestead\" and its plot in Amherst, a genealogical essay on family history, including personal recollections, noting that Rich II was born deaf and was sent for schooling at the Kendall School (Gadaulet College) in Washington DC. ","There are two homemade scrapbooks and two albums with nearly 400 mounted photographs of various sizes and formats, as well as nearly 200 loose photographs in and out of albums.There are carte-de-visites, cabinet card photographs, negatives, and photo postcards. ","\nOne includes Bessie Tinsley Rich's album, which contains 117 mounted and approximately 50 loose photographs, all dating from about 1870-1950, and with ink text annotations written directly on pages. ","\nOne includes Celestine Rich's album containing 173 mounted photographs, approximately 35 loose, mostly from the 1930s. ","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Primary Sources, Uncharted Americana  (Ann Arbor, MI)","Rich, William George, Jr., 1905-1988","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16920","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1822"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Primary Sources, Uncharted Americana  (Ann Arbor, MI)","Rich, William George, Jr., 1905-1988"],"creator_ssim":["Primary Sources, Uncharted Americana  (Ann Arbor, MI)","Rich, William George, Jr., 1905-1988"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Rich, William George, Jr., 1905-1988"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Primary Sources, Uncharted Americana  (Ann Arbor, MI)"],"creators_ssim":["Rich, William George, Jr., 1905-1988","Primary Sources, Uncharted Americana  (Ann Arbor, MI)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 18 July 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American families","African Americans -- Virginia","Deafness","African Americans -- Photographs","genealogies (histories)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American families","African Americans -- Virginia","Deafness","African Americans -- Photographs","genealogies (histories)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".9 Cubic Feet 1 document box (letter) and 1 medium flat box"],"extent_tesim":[".9 Cubic Feet 1 document box (letter) and 1 medium flat box"],"genreform_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs","genealogies (histories)"],"date_range_isim":[1819,1820,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection (MSS 16920) contains the Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family history (1820-1978) of Amherst, Virginia written and compiled by William George Rich III (1905-1988)and his family about his great-great grandfather who called himself William Tinsley (born into enslavery in 1795,and freed in 1820), his great grandparents Nelson and Lauren (Broady) Tinsley –  and his grandparents Charles Robert Tinsley (1851-1919) and Betty Edwards Tinsley (1855-1924) (daughter of Malinda Edwards, an indigenous woman) and their eight grandchildren (William George Rich III and his cousins.) The eight grandchildren, called the cousins of Amherst, (many of them earning college and post college degrees) were  - Vernon Allan Rich (1902-1985), William George Rich III (1904-1988), Celestine Rich Arnold (1915-?)- born to Bessie Tinsley 1877-1951  and William George Rich II who was Deaf;  Alma Brown (1902-1926), Charles \"Son\" Brown (1904-1959), Hausie Brown (1910-1934) who were the children of Lillie Tinsley (1879-1922) and Charles Brown; Constance Thomas Parker (1917-1981) was the daughter of Hariette \"Hattie\" Tinsley (1881-1949) and Richard Gates Thomas; and Dorothy Massie Christian (1904-1966) was the daughter of Signora Tinsley (1885-1940) and Hugh Massie (1883-1980).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The collection (MSS 16920) contains the Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family history (1820-1978) of Amherst, Virginia written and compiled by William George Rich III (1905-1988)and his family about his great-great grandfather who called himself William Tinsley (born into enslavery in 1795,and freed in 1820), his great grandparents Nelson and Lauren (Broady) Tinsley –  and his grandparents Charles Robert Tinsley (1851-1919) and Betty Edwards Tinsley (1855-1924) (daughter of Malinda Edwards, an indigenous woman) and their eight grandchildren (William George Rich III and his cousins.) The eight grandchildren, called the cousins of Amherst, (many of them earning college and post college degrees) were  - Vernon Allan Rich (1902-1985), William George Rich III (1904-1988), Celestine Rich Arnold (1915-?)- born to Bessie Tinsley 1877-1951  and William George Rich II who was Deaf;  Alma Brown (1902-1926), Charles \"Son\" Brown (1904-1959), Hausie Brown (1910-1934) who were the children of Lillie Tinsley (1879-1922) and Charles Brown; Constance Thomas Parker (1917-1981) was the daughter of Hariette \"Hattie\" Tinsley (1881-1949) and Richard Gates Thomas; and Dorothy Massie Christian (1904-1966) was the daughter of Signora Tinsley (1885-1940) and Hugh Massie (1883-1980)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16920, Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16920, Tinsley, Edwards, and Rich family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe collection MSS 16920 contains the Tinsley, Edwards, Rich family history (1795; 1820-1978) written by William George Rich III (1905-1988) about his great-great grandfather who called himself William Tinsley (born into enslavery in 1795,and freed in 1820), his great grandparents Nelson and Lauren Broady Tinsley, (an indigenous woman) and his grandparents Charles Robert Tinsley (1851-1919) and Betty Edwards Tinsley (1855-1924) (daughter of an indigenous woman Malinda Edwards)and their eight grandchildren (William George Rich III and his 7 cousins) who lived on their own land in Amherst, Virginia. The collection is remarkable in the amount of detail that is provided about a prosperous African American family living during Jim Crow laws. Charles Robert Tinsley was the owner of a livery stable and built a house for his children, grandchildren and his parents, Nelson and Lauren Tinsley.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBetty Edwards Tinsley (wife of Charles Robert Tinsley) inherited land from her parents, Washington Edwards and Malinda Edwards (an indigenous woman.) Her father was a minister and may have been white or mixed race. Charles Robert Tinsley sold part of that land and built a farm and successful livery business in Amherst, near Lynchburg, where several generations of the family lived a comfortable life on 64 Depot Road. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are typed family histories in homemade scrapbooks documenting multiple generations of the Tinsley-Rich-Edwards family, self- described as a prosperous and \"happy\" African American family and with deep roots in Virginia and highly respected by other African American and white families.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains a photocopy of an 1819 Notice of Sale of six enslaved men of which one man (William Tinsley) was freed and saved his own for sale notice. Jacob and Isaac Tinsley, son and heirs of the white William Tinsley, created the for-sale notice \"Six Lively Young Negroes\". The white heirs made enough money from the sale to free the seventh person, who decided to call himself William Tinsley. The name of William Tinsley's wife is unknown. They had a son named Nelson Tinsley, born in 1823 who married Lauren Broady in 1850.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Tinsley, Edwards, Rich family collection is a rich resource which details their family life and describes family members and their close relationships. It contains family photographs with compelling clarity from the 1890s to the 1950s, that bring this family to life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are documents including news clippings, ephemera, genealogical charts, certificates, military separation papers, a manuscript plan map of the Tinsley \"Homestead\" and its plot in Amherst, a genealogical essay on family history, including personal recollections, noting that Rich II was born deaf and was sent for schooling at the Kendall School (Gadaulet College) in Washington DC. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are two homemade scrapbooks and two albums with nearly 400 mounted photographs of various sizes and formats, as well as nearly 200 loose photographs in and out of albums.There are carte-de-visites, cabinet card photographs, negatives, and photo postcards. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOne includes Bessie Tinsley Rich's album, which contains 117 mounted and approximately 50 loose photographs, all dating from about 1870-1950, and with ink text annotations written directly on pages. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOne includes Celestine Rich's album containing 173 mounted photographs, approximately 35 loose, mostly from the 1930s. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\nThe collection MSS 16920 contains the Tinsley, Edwards, Rich family history (1795; 1820-1978) written by William George Rich III (1905-1988) about his great-great grandfather who called himself William Tinsley (born into enslavery in 1795,and freed in 1820), his great grandparents Nelson and Lauren Broady Tinsley, (an indigenous woman) and his grandparents Charles Robert Tinsley (1851-1919) and Betty Edwards Tinsley (1855-1924) (daughter of an indigenous woman Malinda Edwards)and their eight grandchildren (William George Rich III and his 7 cousins) who lived on their own land in Amherst, Virginia. The collection is remarkable in the amount of detail that is provided about a prosperous African American family living during Jim Crow laws. Charles Robert Tinsley was the owner of a livery stable and built a house for his children, grandchildren and his parents, Nelson and Lauren Tinsley.","Betty Edwards Tinsley (wife of Charles Robert Tinsley) inherited land from her parents, Washington Edwards and Malinda Edwards (an indigenous woman.) Her father was a minister and may have been white or mixed race. Charles Robert Tinsley sold part of that land and built a farm and successful livery business in Amherst, near Lynchburg, where several generations of the family lived a comfortable life on 64 Depot Road. ","There are typed family histories in homemade scrapbooks documenting multiple generations of the Tinsley-Rich-Edwards family, self- described as a prosperous and \"happy\" African American family and with deep roots in Virginia and highly respected by other African American and white families.","The collection contains a photocopy of an 1819 Notice of Sale of six enslaved men of which one man (William Tinsley) was freed and saved his own for sale notice. Jacob and Isaac Tinsley, son and heirs of the white William Tinsley, created the for-sale notice \"Six Lively Young Negroes\". The white heirs made enough money from the sale to free the seventh person, who decided to call himself William Tinsley. The name of William Tinsley's wife is unknown. They had a son named Nelson Tinsley, born in 1823 who married Lauren Broady in 1850.","The Tinsley, Edwards, Rich family collection is a rich resource which details their family life and describes family members and their close relationships. It contains family photographs with compelling clarity from the 1890s to the 1950s, that bring this family to life.","There are documents including news clippings, ephemera, genealogical charts, certificates, military separation papers, a manuscript plan map of the Tinsley \"Homestead\" and its plot in Amherst, a genealogical essay on family history, including personal recollections, noting that Rich II was born deaf and was sent for schooling at the Kendall School (Gadaulet College) in Washington DC. ","There are two homemade scrapbooks and two albums with nearly 400 mounted photographs of various sizes and formats, as well as nearly 200 loose photographs in and out of albums.There are carte-de-visites, cabinet card photographs, negatives, and photo postcards. ","\nOne includes Bessie Tinsley Rich's album, which contains 117 mounted and approximately 50 loose photographs, all dating from about 1870-1950, and with ink text annotations written directly on pages. ","\nOne includes Celestine Rich's album containing 173 mounted photographs, approximately 35 loose, mostly from the 1930s. 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