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Gregory Galford, Vonnia Davis, Micaela Appelbaum, and Jessica Taylor interviewed residents and former residents of these segregated neighborhoods to reconstruct a previously unrecorded history of how segregated space in this regional hub has changed over time.","Permission to publish material from the Bluefield Oral History Project must be obtained from Special Collections and Universtiy Archives, Virginia Tech.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","The material of this collection is in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2024.076"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Stories of Segregation in Bluefield, Virginia Oral History Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Stories of Segregation in Bluefield, Virginia Oral History Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Stories of Segregation in Bluefield, Virginia Oral History Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from the Bluefield Oral History Project must be obtained from Special Collections and Universtiy Archives, Virginia Tech."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Interivews were acquired by Special Collections and University Archives in 2023. Additional oral histories will be added to the collection as they are conducted and processed."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","African Americans -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","African Americans -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet"],"date_range_isim":[2023],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research, with the exception fo some restricted materials that are not available to the public.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research, with the exception fo some restricted materials that are not available to the public."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/324\"\u003eSome of this collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection began as a research project for how segregation changes over time in Bluefield, Virginia. Bluefield was established as a railway hub that served the Appalachian coalfields of southern West Virginia. The coal produced great wealth in the region, and Bluefield was the recipient. The railroad lines that served as its economic lifeline went down the middle of the valley with high mountains on both the north and south sides. The boundary of the railroad and mountain provided the physical limitations of the town, easing the establishment of segregated neighborhoods that faced each other across the valley.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["This collection began as a research project for how segregation changes over time in Bluefield, Virginia. Bluefield was established as a railway hub that served the Appalachian coalfields of southern West Virginia. The coal produced great wealth in the region, and Bluefield was the recipient. The railroad lines that served as its economic lifeline went down the middle of the valley with high mountains on both the north and south sides. The boundary of the railroad and mountain provided the physical limitations of the town, easing the establishment of segregated neighborhoods that faced each other across the valley."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Stories of Segregation in Bluefield,Virginia, Ms2024-076, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Stories of Segregation in Bluefield,Virginia, Ms2024-076, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Bluefield Oral History Project was completed in August 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Bluefield Oral History Project was completed in August 2024."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was donated as a research project on the personal significance of the historically segregated neighborhoods of Bluefield, West Virginia, and Bluefield, Virginia. Gregory Galford, Vonnia Davis, Micaela Appelbaum, and Jessica Taylor interviewed residents and former residents of these segregated neighborhoods to reconstruct a previously unrecorded history of how segregated space in this regional hub has changed over time.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection was donated as a research project on the personal significance of the historically segregated neighborhoods of Bluefield, West Virginia, and Bluefield, Virginia. Gregory Galford, Vonnia Davis, Micaela Appelbaum, and Jessica Taylor interviewed residents and former residents of these segregated neighborhoods to reconstruct a previously unrecorded history of how segregated space in this regional hub has changed over time."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from the Bluefield Oral History Project must be obtained from Special Collections and Universtiy Archives, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from the Bluefield Oral History Project must be obtained from Special Collections and Universtiy Archives, Virginia Tech."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"language_ssim":["The material of this collection is in English."],"total_component_count_is":18,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:15:33.030Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4296"}},{"id":"vi_vi02635","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Tazewell County (Va.) Criminal Presentments and Prosecutions, \ncirca 1800-1913 (bulk 1890-1901)","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02635#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Tazewell County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02635#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eTazewell County (Va.) Criminal Presentments and Prosecutions, circa 1800-1913 (bulk 1890-1901) are criminal court cases and consist primarily of warrants, summons, indictments, and verdicts handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. These offenses ranged in severity from murder, rape, assault and battery, and larceny to tax evasion and slander. Criminal offenders and victims who appear in cases prior to the abolition of slavery in Virginia in 1865 included both free and enslaved persons. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02635#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02635","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02635","_root_":"vi_vi02635","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02635","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02635.xml","title_ssm":["Tazewell County (Va.) Criminal Presentments and Prosecutions, \ncirca 1800-1913 (bulk 1890-1901)"],"title_tesim":["Tazewell County (Va.) Criminal Presentments and Prosecutions, \ncirca 1800-1913 (bulk 1890-1901)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1119822-1119824, 1119826-1119843, 1119846-1119848, 1119852, 1119854, 1119864-1119866, 1119872, 1119874\n"],"text":["1119822-1119824, 1119826-1119843, 1119846-1119848, 1119852, 1119854, 1119864-1119866, 1119872, 1119874\n","Tazewell County (Va.) Criminal Presentments and Prosecutions, \ncirca 1800-1913 (bulk 1890-1901)","African Americans -- History","Assault and battery -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Crime -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Criminals -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Larceny -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Libel and slander -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Murder -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Rape -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Tax evasion -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Indictments -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Summons -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Verdicts -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Warrants (Law) -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","13.95 cu. ft. (31 boxes)","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological\n","Tazewell County was named for Henry Tazewell, U.S. senator from Virginia from 1794 until his death in 1799.  It was formed from Wythe and Russell Counties in 1799.  Parts of Russell County were added in 1807 and 1835, parts of Washington and Wythe Counties were added in 1826, and part of Logan County (West Virginia) was added in 1834.\n","Additional Court Records for Tazewell County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Additional Tazewell County criminal records may be found at the Tazewell County Courthouse and the Library of Virginia.\n","Tazewell County (Va.) Criminal Presentments and Prosecutions, circa 1800-1913 (bulk 1890-1901) are criminal court cases and consist primarily of warrants, summons, indictments, and verdicts handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. These offenses ranged in severity from murder, rape, assault and battery, and larceny to tax evasion and slander. Criminal offenders and victims who appear in cases prior to the abolition of slavery in Virginia in 1865 included both free and enslaved persons.\n","Warrants were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases.\n","Summonses were used to call a suspected person to appear in court. A summons could also be issued to direct witnesses or victims to come before the court in order to provide evidence or information deemed pertinent to a case.\n","An indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\"\n","Verdicts are the formal pronouncements made by juries on issues submitted to them by a judge or other law enforcement official. In the case of a guilty verdict, a judge will sentence the offender. Sentences may include a fine, corporal punishment, and/or imprisonment.\nCoroners also submitted verdicts such as \"death by suicide,\" \"death by natural causes,\" etc. when determining the cause of a suspicious or sudden death.   \n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Tazewell County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1119822-1119824, 1119826-1119843, 1119846-1119848, 1119852, 1119854, 1119864-1119866, 1119872, 1119874\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Tazewell County (Va.) Criminal Presentments and Prosecutions, \ncirca 1800-1913 (bulk 1890-1901)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Tazewell County (Va.) Criminal Presentments and Prosecutions, \ncirca 1800-1913 (bulk 1890-1901)"],"collection_ssim":["Tazewell County (Va.) Criminal Presentments and Prosecutions, \ncirca 1800-1913 (bulk 1890-1901)"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Tazewell County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Tazewell County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court papers from Tazewell County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Assault and battery -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Crime -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Criminals -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Larceny -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Libel and slander -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Murder -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Rape -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Tax evasion -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Indictments -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Summons -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Verdicts -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Warrants (Law) -- Virginia -- Tazewell County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Assault and battery -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Crime -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Criminals -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Larceny -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Libel and slander -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Murder -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Rape -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Tax evasion -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Indictments -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Summons -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Verdicts -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Warrants (Law) -- Virginia -- Tazewell County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["13.95 cu. ft. (31 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTazewell County was named for Henry Tazewell, U.S. senator from Virginia from 1794 until his death in 1799.  It was formed from Wythe and Russell Counties in 1799.  Parts of Russell County were added in 1807 and 1835, parts of Washington and Wythe Counties were added in 1826, and part of Logan County (West Virginia) was added in 1834.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Tazewell County was named for Henry Tazewell, U.S. senator from Virginia from 1794 until his death in 1799.  It was formed from Wythe and Russell Counties in 1799.  Parts of Russell County were added in 1807 and 1835, parts of Washington and Wythe Counties were added in 1826, and part of Logan County (West Virginia) was added in 1834.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTazewell County (Va.) Criminal Presentments and Prosecutions, circa 1800-1913 (bulk 1890-1901). Local government records collection, Tazewell County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Tazewell County (Va.) Criminal Presentments and Prosecutions, circa 1800-1913 (bulk 1890-1901). Local government records collection, Tazewell County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Court Records for Tazewell County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA273\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Tazewell County criminal records may be found at the Tazewell County Courthouse and the Library of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Court Records for Tazewell County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Additional Tazewell County criminal records may be found at the Tazewell County Courthouse and the Library of Virginia.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTazewell County (Va.) Criminal Presentments and Prosecutions, circa 1800-1913 (bulk 1890-1901) are criminal court cases and consist primarily of warrants, summons, indictments, and verdicts handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. These offenses ranged in severity from murder, rape, assault and battery, and larceny to tax evasion and slander. Criminal offenders and victims who appear in cases prior to the abolition of slavery in Virginia in 1865 included both free and enslaved persons.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWarrants were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummonses were used to call a suspected person to appear in court. A summons could also be issued to direct witnesses or victims to come before the court in order to provide evidence or information deemed pertinent to a case.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVerdicts are the formal pronouncements made by juries on issues submitted to them by a judge or other law enforcement official. In the case of a guilty verdict, a judge will sentence the offender. Sentences may include a fine, corporal punishment, and/or imprisonment.\nCoroners also submitted verdicts such as \"death by suicide,\" \"death by natural causes,\" etc. when determining the cause of a suspicious or sudden death.   \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Tazewell County (Va.) Criminal Presentments and Prosecutions, circa 1800-1913 (bulk 1890-1901) are criminal court cases and consist primarily of warrants, summons, indictments, and verdicts handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. These offenses ranged in severity from murder, rape, assault and battery, and larceny to tax evasion and slander. Criminal offenders and victims who appear in cases prior to the abolition of slavery in Virginia in 1865 included both free and enslaved persons.\n","Warrants were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases.\n","Summonses were used to call a suspected person to appear in court. A summons could also be issued to direct witnesses or victims to come before the court in order to provide evidence or information deemed pertinent to a case.\n","An indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\"\n","Verdicts are the formal pronouncements made by juries on issues submitted to them by a judge or other law enforcement official. In the case of a guilty verdict, a judge will sentence the offender. Sentences may include a fine, corporal punishment, and/or imprisonment.\nCoroners also submitted verdicts such as \"death by suicide,\" \"death by natural causes,\" etc. when determining the cause of a suspicious or sudden death.   \n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Tazewell County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Tazewell County (Va.) 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Criminal Presentments and Prosecutions, \ncirca 1800-1913 (bulk 1890-1901)","African Americans -- History","Assault and battery -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Crime -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Criminals -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Larceny -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Libel and slander -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Murder -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Rape -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Tax evasion -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Indictments -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Summons -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Verdicts -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Warrants (Law) -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","13.95 cu. ft. (31 boxes)","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological\n","Tazewell County was named for Henry Tazewell, U.S. senator from Virginia from 1794 until his death in 1799.  It was formed from Wythe and Russell Counties in 1799.  Parts of Russell County were added in 1807 and 1835, parts of Washington and Wythe Counties were added in 1826, and part of Logan County (West Virginia) was added in 1834.\n","Additional Court Records for Tazewell County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Additional Tazewell County criminal records may be found at the Tazewell County Courthouse and the Library of Virginia.\n","Tazewell County (Va.) Criminal Presentments and Prosecutions, circa 1800-1913 (bulk 1890-1901) are criminal court cases and consist primarily of warrants, summons, indictments, and verdicts handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. These offenses ranged in severity from murder, rape, assault and battery, and larceny to tax evasion and slander. 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Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court papers from Tazewell County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Assault and battery -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Crime -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Criminals -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Larceny -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Libel and slander -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Murder -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Rape -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Tax evasion -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Indictments -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Summons -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Verdicts -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Warrants (Law) -- Virginia -- Tazewell County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Assault and battery -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Crime -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Criminals -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Larceny -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Libel and slander -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Murder -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Rape -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Tax evasion -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Indictments -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Summons -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Verdicts -- Virginia -- Tazewell County","Warrants (Law) -- Virginia -- Tazewell County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["13.95 cu. ft. (31 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTazewell County was named for Henry Tazewell, U.S. senator from Virginia from 1794 until his death in 1799.  It was formed from Wythe and Russell Counties in 1799.  Parts of Russell County were added in 1807 and 1835, parts of Washington and Wythe Counties were added in 1826, and part of Logan County (West Virginia) was added in 1834.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Tazewell County was named for Henry Tazewell, U.S. senator from Virginia from 1794 until his death in 1799.  It was formed from Wythe and Russell Counties in 1799.  Parts of Russell County were added in 1807 and 1835, parts of Washington and Wythe Counties were added in 1826, and part of Logan County (West Virginia) was added in 1834.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTazewell County (Va.) Criminal Presentments and Prosecutions, circa 1800-1913 (bulk 1890-1901). Local government records collection, Tazewell County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Tazewell County (Va.) Criminal Presentments and Prosecutions, circa 1800-1913 (bulk 1890-1901). Local government records collection, Tazewell County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Court Records for Tazewell County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA273\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Tazewell County criminal records may be found at the Tazewell County Courthouse and the Library of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Court Records for Tazewell County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Additional Tazewell County criminal records may be found at the Tazewell County Courthouse and the Library of Virginia.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTazewell County (Va.) Criminal Presentments and Prosecutions, circa 1800-1913 (bulk 1890-1901) are criminal court cases and consist primarily of warrants, summons, indictments, and verdicts handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. These offenses ranged in severity from murder, rape, assault and battery, and larceny to tax evasion and slander. Criminal offenders and victims who appear in cases prior to the abolition of slavery in Virginia in 1865 included both free and enslaved persons.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWarrants were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummonses were used to call a suspected person to appear in court. A summons could also be issued to direct witnesses or victims to come before the court in order to provide evidence or information deemed pertinent to a case.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVerdicts are the formal pronouncements made by juries on issues submitted to them by a judge or other law enforcement official. In the case of a guilty verdict, a judge will sentence the offender. Sentences may include a fine, corporal punishment, and/or imprisonment.\nCoroners also submitted verdicts such as \"death by suicide,\" \"death by natural causes,\" etc. when determining the cause of a suspicious or sudden death.   \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Tazewell County (Va.) Criminal Presentments and Prosecutions, circa 1800-1913 (bulk 1890-1901) are criminal court cases and consist primarily of warrants, summons, indictments, and verdicts handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. These offenses ranged in severity from murder, rape, assault and battery, and larceny to tax evasion and slander. Criminal offenders and victims who appear in cases prior to the abolition of slavery in Virginia in 1865 included both free and enslaved persons.\n","Warrants were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases.\n","Summonses were used to call a suspected person to appear in court. A summons could also be issued to direct witnesses or victims to come before the court in order to provide evidence or information deemed pertinent to a case.\n","An indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\"\n","Verdicts are the formal pronouncements made by juries on issues submitted to them by a judge or other law enforcement official. In the case of a guilty verdict, a judge will sentence the offender. Sentences may include a fine, corporal punishment, and/or imprisonment.\nCoroners also submitted verdicts such as \"death by suicide,\" \"death by natural causes,\" etc. when determining the cause of a suspicious or sudden death.   \n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Tazewell County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Tazewell County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:48:26.810Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02635"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4113","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4113#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, 1818-1883","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4113#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This manuscript entitled \"The 24th Corps\" was likely written by General Edward O. C. Ord and his assistant Lieutenant Colonel Thomas G. Welles and accounts the troop movements of the 24th Corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The 24th Corps was formed in 1864 after the Army of the James separated white and Black troops into two units, the 24th and 25th Corps respectively, and the manuscript discusses this.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4113#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4113","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4113","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4113","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4113","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4113.xml","title_filing_ssi":"\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript","title_ssm":["\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript"],"title_tesim":["\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1865"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["c. 1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2023.063"],"text":["Ms.2023.063","\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript","African Americans -- History","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","The collection is open for research.","The Union Army's Army of the James was created in April 1864. In December, the Army of the James reorganized into two units with the white troops becoming the 24th Corps and the Black troops forming the 25th Corps. The 25th Corps were among the first Union troops to enter Richmond, Virginia, in April 1865, while the 24th Corps were at Appommattox, where General Robert E. Lee surrendered on April 9. ","General Edward O. C. Ord (1818-1883) was a military officer for the United States Army after his graduation from West Point. During the Mexican-American War, he was stationed with William T. Sherman building forts in California. At the outbreak of the  Civil War, Ord was sent to Virginia where he led many successful military campaigns against the Confederacy. Ord's leadership of the 24th Corps was key to the conclusion of the war when Lee surrendered in Appomattox. ","Thomas G. Welles (1846-1892) was the son of Gideon Welles, the Secretary of the Navy during the American Civil War, and his wife Mary Jane Hale Welles. Welles served as the assistant to General Edward O. C. Ord, the commander of the Army of the James. According to Duke University, he also served as an attorney in Hartford, Connecticut.","External sources: ","Peter Luebke, \"Army of the James\" (December 7, 2020), in  Encyclopedia Virginia, https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/army-of-the-james , accessed on March 18, 2024.","\"Edward Otho C. Ord (1818–1883)\" (September 8, 2020), in  Arkansas Encylopedia, https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/edward-otho-c-ord-5775/ , accessed on June 28, 2023.","\"Thomas Glastonbury Welles\", findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/14626004/thomas-glastonbury-welles , accessed on June 28, 2023.","Thomas Glastonbury Welles, \"Letters, 1866-1869,\" David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina,  https://find.library.duke.edu/catalog/DUKE002440974 , accessed on March 18, 2024.","The guide to \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript was completed in June 2023. Additional description was completed in March 2024.","Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives also has the  William Burgess Letter, Ms1989-050,  which discusses General Edward Ord, and  Appomattox commander : the story of General E.O.C. Ord  by  Bernarr Cresap (Call number: E467.1.O7 C69 copy 2 Spec Civil War).","See the  General Edward O. C. Ord entry at the SNAC Cooperative  for more archival resources related to Ord at other institutions. ","See the  Thomas Glastonbury Welles Letters, 1866-1869,  at the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.","This manuscript entitled \"The 24th Corps\" was likely written by General Edward O. C. Ord and his assistant Lieutenant Colonel Thomas G. Welles and accounts the troop movements of the 24th Corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The primary focus is the leadership of Ord as he led the Army of the James to Appomattox, where General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses Grant in 1865. The 24th Corps was formed in 1864 after the Army of the James separated white and Black troops into two units, the 24th and 25th Corps respectively, and the manuscript discusses this. The writing of the manuscript is believed to be Welles's with edits believed to have been made by Ord.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This manuscript entitled \"The 24th Corps\" was likely written by General Edward O. C. Ord and his assistant Lieutenant Colonel Thomas G. Welles and accounts the troop movements of the 24th Corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The 24th Corps was formed in 1864 after the Army of the James separated white and Black troops into two units, the 24th and 25th Corps respectively, and the manuscript discusses this.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Army. Corps, 24th (1864-1865)","Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, 1818-1883","Welles, Thomas G., 1846-1892","The material in this collection is in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2023.063"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript"],"collection_title_tesim":["\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript"],"collection_ssim":["\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, 1818-1883","Welles, Thomas G., 1846-1892"],"creator_ssim":["Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, 1818-1883","Welles, Thomas G., 1846-1892"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, 1818-1883","Welles, Thomas G., 1846-1892"],"creators_ssim":["Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, 1818-1883","Welles, Thomas G., 1846-1892"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in October 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Union Army's Army of the James was created in April 1864. In December, the Army of the James reorganized into two units with the white troops becoming the 24th Corps and the Black troops forming the 25th Corps. The 25th Corps were among the first Union troops to enter Richmond, Virginia, in April 1865, while the 24th Corps were at Appommattox, where General Robert E. Lee surrendered on April 9. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Edward O. C. Ord (1818-1883) was a military officer for the United States Army after his graduation from West Point. During the Mexican-American War, he was stationed with William T. Sherman building forts in California. At the outbreak of the  Civil War, Ord was sent to Virginia where he led many successful military campaigns against the Confederacy. Ord's leadership of the 24th Corps was key to the conclusion of the war when Lee surrendered in Appomattox. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThomas G. Welles (1846-1892) was the son of Gideon Welles, the Secretary of the Navy during the American Civil War, and his wife Mary Jane Hale Welles. Welles served as the assistant to General Edward O. C. Ord, the commander of the Army of the James. According to Duke University, he also served as an attorney in Hartford, Connecticut.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExternal sources: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePeter Luebke, \"Army of the James\" (December 7, 2020), in \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eEncyclopedia Virginia,\u003c/title\u003e \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/army-of-the-james\"\u003ehttps://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/army-of-the-james\u003c/a\u003e, accessed on March 18, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Edward Otho C. Ord (1818–1883)\" (September 8, 2020), in \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eArkansas Encylopedia,\u003c/title\u003e \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/edward-otho-c-ord-5775/\"\u003ehttps://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/edward-otho-c-ord-5775/\u003c/a\u003e, accessed on June 28, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Thomas Glastonbury Welles\", findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/14626004/thomas-glastonbury-welles\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/14626004/thomas-glastonbury-welles\u003c/a\u003e, accessed on June 28, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThomas Glastonbury Welles, \"Letters, 1866-1869,\" David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://find.library.duke.edu/catalog/DUKE002440974\"\u003ehttps://find.library.duke.edu/catalog/DUKE002440974\u003c/a\u003e, accessed on March 18, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical and Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Union Army's Army of the James was created in April 1864. In December, the Army of the James reorganized into two units with the white troops becoming the 24th Corps and the Black troops forming the 25th Corps. The 25th Corps were among the first Union troops to enter Richmond, Virginia, in April 1865, while the 24th Corps were at Appommattox, where General Robert E. Lee surrendered on April 9. ","General Edward O. C. Ord (1818-1883) was a military officer for the United States Army after his graduation from West Point. During the Mexican-American War, he was stationed with William T. Sherman building forts in California. At the outbreak of the  Civil War, Ord was sent to Virginia where he led many successful military campaigns against the Confederacy. Ord's leadership of the 24th Corps was key to the conclusion of the war when Lee surrendered in Appomattox. ","Thomas G. Welles (1846-1892) was the son of Gideon Welles, the Secretary of the Navy during the American Civil War, and his wife Mary Jane Hale Welles. Welles served as the assistant to General Edward O. C. Ord, the commander of the Army of the James. According to Duke University, he also served as an attorney in Hartford, Connecticut.","External sources: ","Peter Luebke, \"Army of the James\" (December 7, 2020), in  Encyclopedia Virginia, https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/army-of-the-james , accessed on March 18, 2024.","\"Edward Otho C. Ord (1818–1883)\" (September 8, 2020), in  Arkansas Encylopedia, https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/edward-otho-c-ord-5775/ , accessed on June 28, 2023.","\"Thomas Glastonbury Welles\", findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/14626004/thomas-glastonbury-welles , accessed on June 28, 2023.","Thomas Glastonbury Welles, \"Letters, 1866-1869,\" David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina,  https://find.library.duke.edu/catalog/DUKE002440974 , accessed on March 18, 2024."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript, c. 1865, Ms2023-063, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript, c. 1865, Ms2023-063, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript was completed in June 2023. Additional description was completed in March 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript was completed in June 2023. Additional description was completed in March 2024."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives also has the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1677.xml\"\u003eWilliam Burgess Letter, Ms1989-050,\u003c/a\u003e which discusses General Edward Ord, and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAppomattox commander : the story of General E.O.C. Ord\u003c/title\u003e by  Bernarr Cresap (Call number: E467.1.O7 C69 copy 2 Spec Civil War).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6h422xj\"\u003eGeneral Edward O. C. Ord entry at the SNAC Cooperative\u003c/a\u003e for more archival resources related to Ord at other institutions. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://find.library.duke.edu/catalog/DUKE002440974\"\u003eThomas Glastonbury Welles Letters, 1866-1869,\u003c/a\u003e at the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives also has the  William Burgess Letter, Ms1989-050,  which discusses General Edward Ord, and  Appomattox commander : the story of General E.O.C. Ord  by  Bernarr Cresap (Call number: E467.1.O7 C69 copy 2 Spec Civil War).","See the  General Edward O. C. Ord entry at the SNAC Cooperative  for more archival resources related to Ord at other institutions. ","See the  Thomas Glastonbury Welles Letters, 1866-1869,  at the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis manuscript entitled \"The 24th Corps\" was likely written by General Edward O. C. Ord and his assistant Lieutenant Colonel Thomas G. Welles and accounts the troop movements of the 24th Corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The primary focus is the leadership of Ord as he led the Army of the James to Appomattox, where General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses Grant in 1865. The 24th Corps was formed in 1864 after the Army of the James separated white and Black troops into two units, the 24th and 25th Corps respectively, and the manuscript discusses this. The writing of the manuscript is believed to be Welles's with edits believed to have been made by Ord.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This manuscript entitled \"The 24th Corps\" was likely written by General Edward O. C. Ord and his assistant Lieutenant Colonel Thomas G. Welles and accounts the troop movements of the 24th Corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The primary focus is the leadership of Ord as he led the Army of the James to Appomattox, where General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses Grant in 1865. The 24th Corps was formed in 1864 after the Army of the James separated white and Black troops into two units, the 24th and 25th Corps respectively, and the manuscript discusses this. The writing of the manuscript is believed to be Welles's with edits believed to have been made by Ord."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_bf2ee5add69be465d2b8549b611f5609\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis manuscript entitled \"The 24th Corps\" was likely written by General Edward O. C. Ord and his assistant Lieutenant Colonel Thomas G. Welles and accounts the troop movements of the 24th Corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The 24th Corps was formed in 1864 after the Army of the James separated white and Black troops into two units, the 24th and 25th Corps respectively, and the manuscript discusses this.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This manuscript entitled \"The 24th Corps\" was likely written by General Edward O. C. Ord and his assistant Lieutenant Colonel Thomas G. Welles and accounts the troop movements of the 24th Corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The 24th Corps was formed in 1864 after the Army of the James separated white and Black troops into two units, the 24th and 25th Corps respectively, and the manuscript discusses this."],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Army. Corps, 24th (1864-1865)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Army. Corps, 24th (1864-1865)","Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, 1818-1883","Welles, Thomas G., 1846-1892"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Army. Corps, 24th (1864-1865)"],"persname_ssim":["Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, 1818-1883","Welles, Thomas G., 1846-1892"],"language_ssim":["The material in this collection is in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:12:46.742Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4113","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4113","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4113","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4113","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4113.xml","title_filing_ssi":"\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript","title_ssm":["\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript"],"title_tesim":["\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1865"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["c. 1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2023.063"],"text":["Ms.2023.063","\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript","African Americans -- History","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","The collection is open for research.","The Union Army's Army of the James was created in April 1864. In December, the Army of the James reorganized into two units with the white troops becoming the 24th Corps and the Black troops forming the 25th Corps. The 25th Corps were among the first Union troops to enter Richmond, Virginia, in April 1865, while the 24th Corps were at Appommattox, where General Robert E. Lee surrendered on April 9. ","General Edward O. C. Ord (1818-1883) was a military officer for the United States Army after his graduation from West Point. During the Mexican-American War, he was stationed with William T. Sherman building forts in California. At the outbreak of the  Civil War, Ord was sent to Virginia where he led many successful military campaigns against the Confederacy. Ord's leadership of the 24th Corps was key to the conclusion of the war when Lee surrendered in Appomattox. ","Thomas G. Welles (1846-1892) was the son of Gideon Welles, the Secretary of the Navy during the American Civil War, and his wife Mary Jane Hale Welles. Welles served as the assistant to General Edward O. C. Ord, the commander of the Army of the James. According to Duke University, he also served as an attorney in Hartford, Connecticut.","External sources: ","Peter Luebke, \"Army of the James\" (December 7, 2020), in  Encyclopedia Virginia, https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/army-of-the-james , accessed on March 18, 2024.","\"Edward Otho C. Ord (1818–1883)\" (September 8, 2020), in  Arkansas Encylopedia, https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/edward-otho-c-ord-5775/ , accessed on June 28, 2023.","\"Thomas Glastonbury Welles\", findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/14626004/thomas-glastonbury-welles , accessed on June 28, 2023.","Thomas Glastonbury Welles, \"Letters, 1866-1869,\" David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina,  https://find.library.duke.edu/catalog/DUKE002440974 , accessed on March 18, 2024.","The guide to \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript was completed in June 2023. Additional description was completed in March 2024.","Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives also has the  William Burgess Letter, Ms1989-050,  which discusses General Edward Ord, and  Appomattox commander : the story of General E.O.C. Ord  by  Bernarr Cresap (Call number: E467.1.O7 C69 copy 2 Spec Civil War).","See the  General Edward O. C. Ord entry at the SNAC Cooperative  for more archival resources related to Ord at other institutions. ","See the  Thomas Glastonbury Welles Letters, 1866-1869,  at the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.","This manuscript entitled \"The 24th Corps\" was likely written by General Edward O. C. Ord and his assistant Lieutenant Colonel Thomas G. Welles and accounts the troop movements of the 24th Corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The primary focus is the leadership of Ord as he led the Army of the James to Appomattox, where General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses Grant in 1865. The 24th Corps was formed in 1864 after the Army of the James separated white and Black troops into two units, the 24th and 25th Corps respectively, and the manuscript discusses this. The writing of the manuscript is believed to be Welles's with edits believed to have been made by Ord.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This manuscript entitled \"The 24th Corps\" was likely written by General Edward O. C. Ord and his assistant Lieutenant Colonel Thomas G. Welles and accounts the troop movements of the 24th Corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The 24th Corps was formed in 1864 after the Army of the James separated white and Black troops into two units, the 24th and 25th Corps respectively, and the manuscript discusses this.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Army. Corps, 24th (1864-1865)","Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, 1818-1883","Welles, Thomas G., 1846-1892","The material in this collection is in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2023.063"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript"],"collection_title_tesim":["\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript"],"collection_ssim":["\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, 1818-1883","Welles, Thomas G., 1846-1892"],"creator_ssim":["Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, 1818-1883","Welles, Thomas G., 1846-1892"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, 1818-1883","Welles, Thomas G., 1846-1892"],"creators_ssim":["Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, 1818-1883","Welles, Thomas G., 1846-1892"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in October 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Union Army's Army of the James was created in April 1864. In December, the Army of the James reorganized into two units with the white troops becoming the 24th Corps and the Black troops forming the 25th Corps. The 25th Corps were among the first Union troops to enter Richmond, Virginia, in April 1865, while the 24th Corps were at Appommattox, where General Robert E. Lee surrendered on April 9. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Edward O. C. Ord (1818-1883) was a military officer for the United States Army after his graduation from West Point. During the Mexican-American War, he was stationed with William T. Sherman building forts in California. At the outbreak of the  Civil War, Ord was sent to Virginia where he led many successful military campaigns against the Confederacy. Ord's leadership of the 24th Corps was key to the conclusion of the war when Lee surrendered in Appomattox. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThomas G. Welles (1846-1892) was the son of Gideon Welles, the Secretary of the Navy during the American Civil War, and his wife Mary Jane Hale Welles. Welles served as the assistant to General Edward O. C. Ord, the commander of the Army of the James. According to Duke University, he also served as an attorney in Hartford, Connecticut.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExternal sources: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePeter Luebke, \"Army of the James\" (December 7, 2020), in \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eEncyclopedia Virginia,\u003c/title\u003e \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/army-of-the-james\"\u003ehttps://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/army-of-the-james\u003c/a\u003e, accessed on March 18, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Edward Otho C. Ord (1818–1883)\" (September 8, 2020), in \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eArkansas Encylopedia,\u003c/title\u003e \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/edward-otho-c-ord-5775/\"\u003ehttps://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/edward-otho-c-ord-5775/\u003c/a\u003e, accessed on June 28, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Thomas Glastonbury Welles\", findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/14626004/thomas-glastonbury-welles\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/14626004/thomas-glastonbury-welles\u003c/a\u003e, accessed on June 28, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThomas Glastonbury Welles, \"Letters, 1866-1869,\" David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://find.library.duke.edu/catalog/DUKE002440974\"\u003ehttps://find.library.duke.edu/catalog/DUKE002440974\u003c/a\u003e, accessed on March 18, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical and Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Union Army's Army of the James was created in April 1864. In December, the Army of the James reorganized into two units with the white troops becoming the 24th Corps and the Black troops forming the 25th Corps. The 25th Corps were among the first Union troops to enter Richmond, Virginia, in April 1865, while the 24th Corps were at Appommattox, where General Robert E. Lee surrendered on April 9. ","General Edward O. C. Ord (1818-1883) was a military officer for the United States Army after his graduation from West Point. During the Mexican-American War, he was stationed with William T. Sherman building forts in California. At the outbreak of the  Civil War, Ord was sent to Virginia where he led many successful military campaigns against the Confederacy. Ord's leadership of the 24th Corps was key to the conclusion of the war when Lee surrendered in Appomattox. ","Thomas G. Welles (1846-1892) was the son of Gideon Welles, the Secretary of the Navy during the American Civil War, and his wife Mary Jane Hale Welles. Welles served as the assistant to General Edward O. C. Ord, the commander of the Army of the James. According to Duke University, he also served as an attorney in Hartford, Connecticut.","External sources: ","Peter Luebke, \"Army of the James\" (December 7, 2020), in  Encyclopedia Virginia, https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/army-of-the-james , accessed on March 18, 2024.","\"Edward Otho C. Ord (1818–1883)\" (September 8, 2020), in  Arkansas Encylopedia, https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/edward-otho-c-ord-5775/ , accessed on June 28, 2023.","\"Thomas Glastonbury Welles\", findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/14626004/thomas-glastonbury-welles , accessed on June 28, 2023.","Thomas Glastonbury Welles, \"Letters, 1866-1869,\" David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina,  https://find.library.duke.edu/catalog/DUKE002440974 , accessed on March 18, 2024."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript, c. 1865, Ms2023-063, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript, c. 1865, Ms2023-063, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript was completed in June 2023. Additional description was completed in March 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript was completed in June 2023. Additional description was completed in March 2024."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives also has the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1677.xml\"\u003eWilliam Burgess Letter, Ms1989-050,\u003c/a\u003e which discusses General Edward Ord, and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAppomattox commander : the story of General E.O.C. Ord\u003c/title\u003e by  Bernarr Cresap (Call number: E467.1.O7 C69 copy 2 Spec Civil War).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6h422xj\"\u003eGeneral Edward O. C. Ord entry at the SNAC Cooperative\u003c/a\u003e for more archival resources related to Ord at other institutions. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://find.library.duke.edu/catalog/DUKE002440974\"\u003eThomas Glastonbury Welles Letters, 1866-1869,\u003c/a\u003e at the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives also has the  William Burgess Letter, Ms1989-050,  which discusses General Edward Ord, and  Appomattox commander : the story of General E.O.C. Ord  by  Bernarr Cresap (Call number: E467.1.O7 C69 copy 2 Spec Civil War).","See the  General Edward O. C. Ord entry at the SNAC Cooperative  for more archival resources related to Ord at other institutions. ","See the  Thomas Glastonbury Welles Letters, 1866-1869,  at the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis manuscript entitled \"The 24th Corps\" was likely written by General Edward O. C. Ord and his assistant Lieutenant Colonel Thomas G. Welles and accounts the troop movements of the 24th Corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The primary focus is the leadership of Ord as he led the Army of the James to Appomattox, where General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses Grant in 1865. The 24th Corps was formed in 1864 after the Army of the James separated white and Black troops into two units, the 24th and 25th Corps respectively, and the manuscript discusses this. The writing of the manuscript is believed to be Welles's with edits believed to have been made by Ord.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This manuscript entitled \"The 24th Corps\" was likely written by General Edward O. C. Ord and his assistant Lieutenant Colonel Thomas G. Welles and accounts the troop movements of the 24th Corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The primary focus is the leadership of Ord as he led the Army of the James to Appomattox, where General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses Grant in 1865. The 24th Corps was formed in 1864 after the Army of the James separated white and Black troops into two units, the 24th and 25th Corps respectively, and the manuscript discusses this. The writing of the manuscript is believed to be Welles's with edits believed to have been made by Ord."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_bf2ee5add69be465d2b8549b611f5609\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis manuscript entitled \"The 24th Corps\" was likely written by General Edward O. C. Ord and his assistant Lieutenant Colonel Thomas G. Welles and accounts the troop movements of the 24th Corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The 24th Corps was formed in 1864 after the Army of the James separated white and Black troops into two units, the 24th and 25th Corps respectively, and the manuscript discusses this.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This manuscript entitled \"The 24th Corps\" was likely written by General Edward O. C. Ord and his assistant Lieutenant Colonel Thomas G. Welles and accounts the troop movements of the 24th Corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The 24th Corps was formed in 1864 after the Army of the James separated white and Black troops into two units, the 24th and 25th Corps respectively, and the manuscript discusses this."],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Army. Corps, 24th (1864-1865)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Army. Corps, 24th (1864-1865)","Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, 1818-1883","Welles, Thomas G., 1846-1892"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Army. Corps, 24th (1864-1865)"],"persname_ssim":["Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, 1818-1883","Welles, Thomas G., 1846-1892"],"language_ssim":["The material in this collection is in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:12:46.742Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4113"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4076","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Thomas Dickerson Ledger","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4076#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Dickerson, Thomas (Nottoway County, Va.)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4076#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This ledger includes notes and business transactions of the plantation owner Thomas Dickerson (also Dickenson and Dickinson), of Nottoway County, Virginia. The plantations grew tobacco, wheat, and corn. Entries include sale of these goods, purchase of others, purchase of medical services for enslaved persons, and cash loans.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4076#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4076","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4076","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4076","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4076","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4076.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Dickerson, Thomas,  Ledger","title_ssm":["Thomas Dickerson Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Thomas Dickerson Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1805-1850"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1805-1850"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2023.031"],"text":["Ms.2023.031","Thomas Dickerson Ledger","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","African Americans -- History","Ledgers (account books)","The collection is open for research.","Thomas Dickerson (also known as Dickinson or Dickenson) was a plantation owner from Nottoway County, Virginia who enslaved 139 people by 1860. The 1850 U. S. Federal Census lists him as Thomas Dickenson, owning a residence and two plantations, known as 'Belgrove' and 'Turkey island'. In his ledger kept from 1805-1850, Thomas Dickerson lists the events and transactions regarding enslaved persons. A noteable name mentioned in Dickerson's ledger is Dr. James Jones (1772-1848), a U. S. Representative from Virginia who also served as the Surgeon General for Virginia during the War of 1812. ","External sources:","\"Thomas Dickemons\", ancestry.com,  http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1\u0026db=1850usfedcenancestry\u0026h=15402288 , accessed 5/31/2023.","\"Mountain Hall\", Virginia Department of Historic Resources,  https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/067-0031/ , accessed 5/31/2023.","The guide to the Thomas Dickerson Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Dickerson Ledger was completed in May 2023.","This collection contains a ledger of plantation owner Thomas Dickerson (also Dickenson and Dickinson), owner of several plantations in Nottoway County, Va. Kept between 1805 and 1850, the ledger includes notes and business transactions. The plantations grew tobacco, wheat, and corn. Entries include sale of these goods, purchase of others, purchase of medical services for enslaved persons, and cash loans.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This ledger includes notes and business transactions of the plantation owner Thomas Dickerson (also Dickenson and Dickinson), of Nottoway County, Virginia. The plantations grew tobacco, wheat, and corn. Entries include sale of these goods, purchase of others, purchase of medical services for enslaved persons, and cash loans.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Dickerson, Thomas (Nottoway County, Va.)","The material in this collection is in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2023.031"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas Dickerson Ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas Dickerson Ledger"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas Dickerson Ledger"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Dickerson, Thomas (Nottoway County, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Dickerson, Thomas (Nottoway County, Va.)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Dickerson, Thomas (Nottoway County, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Dickerson, Thomas (Nottoway County, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Thomas Dickerson Ledger was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in September 2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","African Americans -- History","Ledgers (account books)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","African Americans -- History","Ledgers (account books)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)"],"date_range_isim":[1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas Dickerson (also known as Dickinson or Dickenson) was a plantation owner from Nottoway County, Virginia who enslaved 139 people by 1860. The 1850 U. S. Federal Census lists him as Thomas Dickenson, owning a residence and two plantations, known as 'Belgrove' and 'Turkey island'. In his ledger kept from 1805-1850, Thomas Dickerson lists the events and transactions regarding enslaved persons. A noteable name mentioned in Dickerson's ledger is Dr. James Jones (1772-1848), a U. S. Representative from Virginia who also served as the Surgeon General for Virginia during the War of 1812. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExternal sources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Thomas Dickemons\", ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1\u0026amp;db=1850usfedcenancestry\u0026amp;h=15402288\"\u003ehttp://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1\u0026amp;db=1850usfedcenancestry\u0026amp;h=15402288\u003c/a\u003e, accessed 5/31/2023.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Mountain Hall\", Virginia Department of Historic Resources, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/067-0031/\"\u003ehttps://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/067-0031/\u003c/a\u003e, accessed 5/31/2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Thomas Dickerson (also known as Dickinson or Dickenson) was a plantation owner from Nottoway County, Virginia who enslaved 139 people by 1860. The 1850 U. S. Federal Census lists him as Thomas Dickenson, owning a residence and two plantations, known as 'Belgrove' and 'Turkey island'. In his ledger kept from 1805-1850, Thomas Dickerson lists the events and transactions regarding enslaved persons. A noteable name mentioned in Dickerson's ledger is Dr. James Jones (1772-1848), a U. S. Representative from Virginia who also served as the Surgeon General for Virginia during the War of 1812. ","External sources:","\"Thomas Dickemons\", ancestry.com,  http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1\u0026db=1850usfedcenancestry\u0026h=15402288 , accessed 5/31/2023.","\"Mountain Hall\", Virginia Department of Historic Resources,  https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/067-0031/ , accessed 5/31/2023."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Thomas Dickerson Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Thomas Dickerson Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Thomas Dickerson Ledger, 1805-1850, Ms2023-031, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Thomas Dickerson Ledger, 1805-1850, Ms2023-031, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Dickerson Ledger was completed in May 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Dickerson Ledger was completed in May 2023."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a ledger of plantation owner Thomas Dickerson (also Dickenson and Dickinson), owner of several plantations in Nottoway County, Va. Kept between 1805 and 1850, the ledger includes notes and business transactions. The plantations grew tobacco, wheat, and corn. Entries include sale of these goods, purchase of others, purchase of medical services for enslaved persons, and cash loans.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a ledger of plantation owner Thomas Dickerson (also Dickenson and Dickinson), owner of several plantations in Nottoway County, Va. Kept between 1805 and 1850, the ledger includes notes and business transactions. The plantations grew tobacco, wheat, and corn. Entries include sale of these goods, purchase of others, purchase of medical services for enslaved persons, and cash loans."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_79d0c758d66f5f4e400bc1729f760680\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis ledger includes notes and business transactions of the plantation owner Thomas Dickerson (also Dickenson and Dickinson), of Nottoway County, Virginia. The plantations grew tobacco, wheat, and corn. Entries include sale of these goods, purchase of others, purchase of medical services for enslaved persons, and cash loans.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This ledger includes notes and business transactions of the plantation owner Thomas Dickerson (also Dickenson and Dickinson), of Nottoway County, Virginia. The plantations grew tobacco, wheat, and corn. Entries include sale of these goods, purchase of others, purchase of medical services for enslaved persons, and cash loans."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Dickerson, Thomas (Nottoway County, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Dickerson, Thomas (Nottoway County, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["The material in this collection is in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:09:02.779Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4076","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4076","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4076","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4076","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4076.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Dickerson, Thomas,  Ledger","title_ssm":["Thomas Dickerson Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Thomas Dickerson Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1805-1850"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1805-1850"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2023.031"],"text":["Ms.2023.031","Thomas Dickerson Ledger","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","African Americans -- History","Ledgers (account books)","The collection is open for research.","Thomas Dickerson (also known as Dickinson or Dickenson) was a plantation owner from Nottoway County, Virginia who enslaved 139 people by 1860. The 1850 U. S. Federal Census lists him as Thomas Dickenson, owning a residence and two plantations, known as 'Belgrove' and 'Turkey island'. In his ledger kept from 1805-1850, Thomas Dickerson lists the events and transactions regarding enslaved persons. A noteable name mentioned in Dickerson's ledger is Dr. James Jones (1772-1848), a U. S. Representative from Virginia who also served as the Surgeon General for Virginia during the War of 1812. ","External sources:","\"Thomas Dickemons\", ancestry.com,  http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1\u0026db=1850usfedcenancestry\u0026h=15402288 , accessed 5/31/2023.","\"Mountain Hall\", Virginia Department of Historic Resources,  https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/067-0031/ , accessed 5/31/2023.","The guide to the Thomas Dickerson Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Dickerson Ledger was completed in May 2023.","This collection contains a ledger of plantation owner Thomas Dickerson (also Dickenson and Dickinson), owner of several plantations in Nottoway County, Va. Kept between 1805 and 1850, the ledger includes notes and business transactions. The plantations grew tobacco, wheat, and corn. Entries include sale of these goods, purchase of others, purchase of medical services for enslaved persons, and cash loans.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This ledger includes notes and business transactions of the plantation owner Thomas Dickerson (also Dickenson and Dickinson), of Nottoway County, Virginia. The plantations grew tobacco, wheat, and corn. Entries include sale of these goods, purchase of others, purchase of medical services for enslaved persons, and cash loans.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Dickerson, Thomas (Nottoway County, Va.)","The material in this collection is in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2023.031"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas Dickerson Ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas Dickerson Ledger"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas Dickerson Ledger"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Dickerson, Thomas (Nottoway County, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Dickerson, Thomas (Nottoway County, Va.)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Dickerson, Thomas (Nottoway County, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Dickerson, Thomas (Nottoway County, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Thomas Dickerson Ledger was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in September 2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","African Americans -- History","Ledgers (account books)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","African Americans -- History","Ledgers (account books)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)"],"date_range_isim":[1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas Dickerson (also known as Dickinson or Dickenson) was a plantation owner from Nottoway County, Virginia who enslaved 139 people by 1860. The 1850 U. S. Federal Census lists him as Thomas Dickenson, owning a residence and two plantations, known as 'Belgrove' and 'Turkey island'. In his ledger kept from 1805-1850, Thomas Dickerson lists the events and transactions regarding enslaved persons. A noteable name mentioned in Dickerson's ledger is Dr. James Jones (1772-1848), a U. S. Representative from Virginia who also served as the Surgeon General for Virginia during the War of 1812. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExternal sources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Thomas Dickemons\", ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1\u0026amp;db=1850usfedcenancestry\u0026amp;h=15402288\"\u003ehttp://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1\u0026amp;db=1850usfedcenancestry\u0026amp;h=15402288\u003c/a\u003e, accessed 5/31/2023.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Mountain Hall\", Virginia Department of Historic Resources, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/067-0031/\"\u003ehttps://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/067-0031/\u003c/a\u003e, accessed 5/31/2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Thomas Dickerson (also known as Dickinson or Dickenson) was a plantation owner from Nottoway County, Virginia who enslaved 139 people by 1860. The 1850 U. S. Federal Census lists him as Thomas Dickenson, owning a residence and two plantations, known as 'Belgrove' and 'Turkey island'. In his ledger kept from 1805-1850, Thomas Dickerson lists the events and transactions regarding enslaved persons. A noteable name mentioned in Dickerson's ledger is Dr. James Jones (1772-1848), a U. S. Representative from Virginia who also served as the Surgeon General for Virginia during the War of 1812. ","External sources:","\"Thomas Dickemons\", ancestry.com,  http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1\u0026db=1850usfedcenancestry\u0026h=15402288 , accessed 5/31/2023.","\"Mountain Hall\", Virginia Department of Historic Resources,  https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/067-0031/ , accessed 5/31/2023."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Thomas Dickerson Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Thomas Dickerson Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Thomas Dickerson Ledger, 1805-1850, Ms2023-031, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Thomas Dickerson Ledger, 1805-1850, Ms2023-031, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Dickerson Ledger was completed in May 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Dickerson Ledger was completed in May 2023."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a ledger of plantation owner Thomas Dickerson (also Dickenson and Dickinson), owner of several plantations in Nottoway County, Va. Kept between 1805 and 1850, the ledger includes notes and business transactions. The plantations grew tobacco, wheat, and corn. Entries include sale of these goods, purchase of others, purchase of medical services for enslaved persons, and cash loans.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a ledger of plantation owner Thomas Dickerson (also Dickenson and Dickinson), owner of several plantations in Nottoway County, Va. Kept between 1805 and 1850, the ledger includes notes and business transactions. The plantations grew tobacco, wheat, and corn. Entries include sale of these goods, purchase of others, purchase of medical services for enslaved persons, and cash loans."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_79d0c758d66f5f4e400bc1729f760680\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis ledger includes notes and business transactions of the plantation owner Thomas Dickerson (also Dickenson and Dickinson), of Nottoway County, Virginia. The plantations grew tobacco, wheat, and corn. Entries include sale of these goods, purchase of others, purchase of medical services for enslaved persons, and cash loans.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This ledger includes notes and business transactions of the plantation owner Thomas Dickerson (also Dickenson and Dickinson), of Nottoway County, Virginia. The plantations grew tobacco, wheat, and corn. Entries include sale of these goods, purchase of others, purchase of medical services for enslaved persons, and cash loans."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Dickerson, Thomas (Nottoway County, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Dickerson, Thomas (Nottoway County, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["The material in this collection is in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:09:02.779Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4076"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3332","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3332#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Howard, Thomas Henry, 1834-1910","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3332#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book was written by Dr. Thomas Henry Howard, a doctor in Floyd, VA who served as a Confederate doctor. The book is filled with names of patients, the services performed, and the payment received for each entry before, during, and after the Civil War.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3332#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3332","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3332","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3332","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3332","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3332.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Howard, Thomas Henry Manuscript Account Book","title_ssm":["Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book"],"title_tesim":["Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book"],"unitdate_ssm":["1860-1868"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1860-1868"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2019.007"],"text":["Ms.2019.007","Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book","African Americans -- History","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Medicine","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","The collection is open for research.","The native born Virginian Dr. Thomas Henry Howard (1834-1910) graduated in March 1861 from Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia and save for his wartime service as a Confederate surgeon, he practiced exclusively in Floyd County, Virginia. His wartime service included acting assistant surgeon in Lynchburg hospitals in 1862, assistant surgeon with the 14th Va. Infantry in 1863, and acting assistant surgeon with the 30th Virginia Infantry in 1864. He was likely married to Fanny Irene Johnston in 1874.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book was completed in February 2019.","The Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book is filled with names of patients and the services performed and the payment received for each entry before, during, and after the Civil War. Dr. Howard's entries include the names of his patients, date of services and fees charged together with short descriptions of medical services rendered. Services included visits and medicines, \"cupping\", \"strenthening plaster\", dressing wounds, attending pregnant women - \"attending wife in parturition\", delivery of children \"Tending wife in childbirth\", Tobacco, and cutting gums. Medical treatment was also administered to local slaves as when Dr. Howard charged Fleming Howery $2.00 \"For medical attendance on Negroe child of James Ferguson estate\". Post-war African-American patients are noted by the addition of the word \"colored\" in parenthesis after their names.","Permission to publish material from Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book  must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","The Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book was written by Dr. Thomas Henry Howard, a doctor in Floyd, VA who served as a Confederate doctor. The book is filled with names of patients, the services performed, and the payment received for each entry before, during, and after the Civil War.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Howard, Thomas Henry, 1834-1910","English \n.    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His wartime service included acting assistant surgeon in Lynchburg hospitals in 1862, assistant surgeon with the 14th Va. Infantry in 1863, and acting assistant surgeon with the 30th Virginia Infantry in 1864. He was likely married to Fanny Irene Johnston in 1874.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The native born Virginian Dr. Thomas Henry Howard (1834-1910) graduated in March 1861 from Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia and save for his wartime service as a Confederate surgeon, he practiced exclusively in Floyd County, Virginia. His wartime service included acting assistant surgeon in Lynchburg hospitals in 1862, assistant surgeon with the 14th Va. Infantry in 1863, and acting assistant surgeon with the 30th Virginia Infantry in 1864. He was likely married to Fanny Irene Johnston in 1874."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book , Ms2019-007, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book , Ms2019-007, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book was completed in February 2019.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book was completed in February 2019."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book is filled with names of patients and the services performed and the payment received for each entry before, during, and after the Civil War. Dr. Howard's entries include the names of his patients, date of services and fees charged together with short descriptions of medical services rendered. Services included visits and medicines, \"cupping\", \"strenthening plaster\", dressing wounds, attending pregnant women - \"attending wife in parturition\", delivery of children \"Tending wife in childbirth\", Tobacco, and cutting gums. Medical treatment was also administered to local slaves as when Dr. Howard charged Fleming Howery $2.00 \"For medical attendance on Negroe child of James Ferguson estate\". Post-war African-American patients are noted by the addition of the word \"colored\" in parenthesis after their names.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book is filled with names of patients and the services performed and the payment received for each entry before, during, and after the Civil War. Dr. Howard's entries include the names of his patients, date of services and fees charged together with short descriptions of medical services rendered. Services included visits and medicines, \"cupping\", \"strenthening plaster\", dressing wounds, attending pregnant women - \"attending wife in parturition\", delivery of children \"Tending wife in childbirth\", Tobacco, and cutting gums. Medical treatment was also administered to local slaves as when Dr. Howard charged Fleming Howery $2.00 \"For medical attendance on Negroe child of James Ferguson estate\". Post-war African-American patients are noted by the addition of the word \"colored\" in parenthesis after their names."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book  must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book  must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_cd735c6c44da3897b21e72aee41ff207\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book was written by Dr. Thomas Henry Howard, a doctor in Floyd, VA who served as a Confederate doctor. The book is filled with names of patients, the services performed, and the payment received for each entry before, during, and after the Civil War.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book was written by Dr. Thomas Henry Howard, a doctor in Floyd, VA who served as a Confederate doctor. The book is filled with names of patients, the services performed, and the payment received for each entry before, during, and after the Civil War."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Howard, Thomas Henry, 1834-1910"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Howard, Thomas Henry, 1834-1910"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:08:02.995Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3332","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3332","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3332","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3332","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3332.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Howard, Thomas Henry Manuscript Account Book","title_ssm":["Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book"],"title_tesim":["Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book"],"unitdate_ssm":["1860-1868"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1860-1868"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2019.007"],"text":["Ms.2019.007","Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book","African Americans -- History","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Medicine","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","The collection is open for research.","The native born Virginian Dr. Thomas Henry Howard (1834-1910) graduated in March 1861 from Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia and save for his wartime service as a Confederate surgeon, he practiced exclusively in Floyd County, Virginia. His wartime service included acting assistant surgeon in Lynchburg hospitals in 1862, assistant surgeon with the 14th Va. Infantry in 1863, and acting assistant surgeon with the 30th Virginia Infantry in 1864. He was likely married to Fanny Irene Johnston in 1874.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book was completed in February 2019.","The Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book is filled with names of patients and the services performed and the payment received for each entry before, during, and after the Civil War. Dr. Howard's entries include the names of his patients, date of services and fees charged together with short descriptions of medical services rendered. Services included visits and medicines, \"cupping\", \"strenthening plaster\", dressing wounds, attending pregnant women - \"attending wife in parturition\", delivery of children \"Tending wife in childbirth\", Tobacco, and cutting gums. Medical treatment was also administered to local slaves as when Dr. Howard charged Fleming Howery $2.00 \"For medical attendance on Negroe child of James Ferguson estate\". Post-war African-American patients are noted by the addition of the word \"colored\" in parenthesis after their names.","Permission to publish material from Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book  must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","The Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book was written by Dr. Thomas Henry Howard, a doctor in Floyd, VA who served as a Confederate doctor. The book is filled with names of patients, the services performed, and the payment received for each entry before, during, and after the Civil War.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Howard, Thomas Henry, 1834-1910","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2019.007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Howard, Thomas Henry, 1834-1910"],"creator_ssim":["Howard, Thomas Henry, 1834-1910"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Howard, Thomas Henry, 1834-1910"],"creators_ssim":["Howard, Thomas Henry, 1834-1910"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book  must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book was purchased by Special Collections in 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Medicine","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Medicine","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe native born Virginian Dr. Thomas Henry Howard (1834-1910) graduated in March 1861 from Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia and save for his wartime service as a Confederate surgeon, he practiced exclusively in Floyd County, Virginia. His wartime service included acting assistant surgeon in Lynchburg hospitals in 1862, assistant surgeon with the 14th Va. Infantry in 1863, and acting assistant surgeon with the 30th Virginia Infantry in 1864. He was likely married to Fanny Irene Johnston in 1874.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The native born Virginian Dr. Thomas Henry Howard (1834-1910) graduated in March 1861 from Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia and save for his wartime service as a Confederate surgeon, he practiced exclusively in Floyd County, Virginia. His wartime service included acting assistant surgeon in Lynchburg hospitals in 1862, assistant surgeon with the 14th Va. Infantry in 1863, and acting assistant surgeon with the 30th Virginia Infantry in 1864. He was likely married to Fanny Irene Johnston in 1874."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book , Ms2019-007, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book , Ms2019-007, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book was completed in February 2019.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book was completed in February 2019."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book is filled with names of patients and the services performed and the payment received for each entry before, during, and after the Civil War. Dr. Howard's entries include the names of his patients, date of services and fees charged together with short descriptions of medical services rendered. Services included visits and medicines, \"cupping\", \"strenthening plaster\", dressing wounds, attending pregnant women - \"attending wife in parturition\", delivery of children \"Tending wife in childbirth\", Tobacco, and cutting gums. Medical treatment was also administered to local slaves as when Dr. Howard charged Fleming Howery $2.00 \"For medical attendance on Negroe child of James Ferguson estate\". Post-war African-American patients are noted by the addition of the word \"colored\" in parenthesis after their names.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book is filled with names of patients and the services performed and the payment received for each entry before, during, and after the Civil War. Dr. Howard's entries include the names of his patients, date of services and fees charged together with short descriptions of medical services rendered. Services included visits and medicines, \"cupping\", \"strenthening plaster\", dressing wounds, attending pregnant women - \"attending wife in parturition\", delivery of children \"Tending wife in childbirth\", Tobacco, and cutting gums. Medical treatment was also administered to local slaves as when Dr. Howard charged Fleming Howery $2.00 \"For medical attendance on Negroe child of James Ferguson estate\". Post-war African-American patients are noted by the addition of the word \"colored\" in parenthesis after their names."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book  must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book  must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_cd735c6c44da3897b21e72aee41ff207\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book was written by Dr. Thomas Henry Howard, a doctor in Floyd, VA who served as a Confederate doctor. The book is filled with names of patients, the services performed, and the payment received for each entry before, during, and after the Civil War.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book was written by Dr. Thomas Henry Howard, a doctor in Floyd, VA who served as a Confederate doctor. The book is filled with names of patients, the services performed, and the payment received for each entry before, during, and after the Civil War."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Howard, Thomas Henry, 1834-1910"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Howard, Thomas Henry, 1834-1910"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. Except for a few years early in the eighteenth century, slaves in Virginia were considered personal property and consequently were not usually sold by deed. However, they were often transferred in deeds of gift or were the property listed in mortgages and deeds of trust. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02492#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02492","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02492","_root_":"vi_vi02492","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02492","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02492.xml","title_ssm":["Virginia Beach (Va.) Deeds, \n1718-1974 (bulk 1768-1937)"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Beach (Va.) Deeds, \n1718-1974 (bulk 1768-1937)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1017613-1017674, 1017676-1017678, 1147745-1147764\n"],"text":["1017613-1017674, 1017676-1017678, 1147745-1147764\n","Virginia Beach (Va.) Deeds, \n1718-1974 (bulk 1768-1937)","African Americans -- History","Land subdivision -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Deeds -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Deeds -- Virginia -- Virginia Beach","Land records -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Land records -- Virginia -- Virginia Beach","Local government records -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Virginia Beach","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- Virginia Beach","85 boxes","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological\n","The City of Virginia Beach was located in Princess Anne County, which is now extinct.  The oceanside resort was incorporated as a town in 1906 and as a city by an act of the General Assembly in 1952.  It was greatly enlarged in 1963 by consolidation with Princess Anne County, which thereby became extinct.\n","Princess Anne County was named for Anne, daughter of James II, who became queen of England in 1702.  The county was formed from Lower Norfolk County in 1691 and became extinct in 1963.  The county seat was Princess Anne.","Deed Books and Indices to Deeds for Princess Anne County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm","Additional Princess Anne County Land Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm","Virginia Beach (Va.) Deeds, 1718-1974 (bulk 1768-1937) consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust recorded in Princess Anne County and Virginia Beach. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. Except for a few years early in the eighteenth century, slaves in Virginia were considered personal property and consequently were not usually sold by deed. However, they were often transferred in deeds of gift or were the property listed in mortgages and deeds of trust.\n","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\n","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.\n","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\n","The collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Virginia Beach (Va.) Circuit Court","Princess Anne County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1017613-1017674, 1017676-1017678, 1147745-1147764\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Beach (Va.) Deeds, \n1718-1974 (bulk 1768-1937)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Beach (Va.) Deeds, \n1718-1974 (bulk 1768-1937)"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Beach (Va.) Deeds, \n1718-1974 (bulk 1768-1937)"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Beach (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia Beach (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court papers from the city of Virginia Beach.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Land subdivision -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Deeds -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Deeds -- Virginia -- Virginia Beach","Land records -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Land records -- Virginia -- Virginia Beach","Local government records -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Virginia Beach","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- Virginia Beach"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Land subdivision -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Deeds -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Deeds -- Virginia -- Virginia Beach","Land records -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Land records -- Virginia -- Virginia Beach","Local government records -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Virginia Beach","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- Virginia Beach"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["85 boxes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe City of Virginia Beach was located in Princess Anne County, which is now extinct.  The oceanside resort was incorporated as a town in 1906 and as a city by an act of the General Assembly in 1952.  It was greatly enlarged in 1963 by consolidation with Princess Anne County, which thereby became extinct.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrincess Anne County was named for Anne, daughter of James II, who became queen of England in 1702.  The county was formed from Lower Norfolk County in 1691 and became extinct in 1963.  The county seat was Princess Anne.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The City of Virginia Beach was located in Princess Anne County, which is now extinct.  The oceanside resort was incorporated as a town in 1906 and as a city by an act of the General Assembly in 1952.  It was greatly enlarged in 1963 by consolidation with Princess Anne County, which thereby became extinct.\n","Princess Anne County was named for Anne, daughter of James II, who became queen of England in 1702.  The county was formed from Lower Norfolk County in 1691 and became extinct in 1963.  The county seat was Princess Anne."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Beach (Va.) Deeds, 1718-1974 (bulk 1768-1937). Local government records collection, Virginia Beach (City)/Princess Anne County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia Beach (Va.) Deeds, 1718-1974 (bulk 1768-1937). Local government records collection, Virginia Beach (City)/Princess Anne County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219. \n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDeed Books and Indices to Deeds for Princess Anne County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whatwehave/local/local_rec/index.htm\"\u003eA Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Princess Anne County Land Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whatwehave/local/local_rec/index.htm\"\u003eA Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Deed Books and Indices to Deeds for Princess Anne County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm","Additional Princess Anne County Land Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Beach (Va.) Deeds, 1718-1974 (bulk 1768-1937) consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust recorded in Princess Anne County and Virginia Beach. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. Except for a few years early in the eighteenth century, slaves in Virginia were considered personal property and consequently were not usually sold by deed. However, they were often transferred in deeds of gift or were the property listed in mortgages and deeds of trust.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Virginia Beach (Va.) Deeds, 1718-1974 (bulk 1768-1937) consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust recorded in Princess Anne County and Virginia Beach. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. Except for a few years early in the eighteenth century, slaves in Virginia were considered personal property and consequently were not usually sold by deed. However, they were often transferred in deeds of gift or were the property listed in mortgages and deeds of trust.\n","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\n","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.\n","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\n","The collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Beach (Va.) Circuit Court","Princess Anne County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Beach (Va.) Circuit Court","Princess Anne County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:21:00.176Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02492","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02492","_root_":"vi_vi02492","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02492","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02492.xml","title_ssm":["Virginia Beach (Va.) Deeds, \n1718-1974 (bulk 1768-1937)"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Beach (Va.) Deeds, \n1718-1974 (bulk 1768-1937)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1017613-1017674, 1017676-1017678, 1147745-1147764\n"],"text":["1017613-1017674, 1017676-1017678, 1147745-1147764\n","Virginia Beach (Va.) Deeds, \n1718-1974 (bulk 1768-1937)","African Americans -- History","Land subdivision -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Deeds -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Deeds -- Virginia -- Virginia Beach","Land records -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Land records -- Virginia -- Virginia Beach","Local government records -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Virginia Beach","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- Virginia Beach","85 boxes","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological\n","The City of Virginia Beach was located in Princess Anne County, which is now extinct.  The oceanside resort was incorporated as a town in 1906 and as a city by an act of the General Assembly in 1952.  It was greatly enlarged in 1963 by consolidation with Princess Anne County, which thereby became extinct.\n","Princess Anne County was named for Anne, daughter of James II, who became queen of England in 1702.  The county was formed from Lower Norfolk County in 1691 and became extinct in 1963.  The county seat was Princess Anne.","Deed Books and Indices to Deeds for Princess Anne County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm","Additional Princess Anne County Land Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm","Virginia Beach (Va.) Deeds, 1718-1974 (bulk 1768-1937) consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust recorded in Princess Anne County and Virginia Beach. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. Except for a few years early in the eighteenth century, slaves in Virginia were considered personal property and consequently were not usually sold by deed. However, they were often transferred in deeds of gift or were the property listed in mortgages and deeds of trust.\n","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\n","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.\n","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\n","The collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Virginia Beach (Va.) Circuit Court","Princess Anne County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1017613-1017674, 1017676-1017678, 1147745-1147764\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Beach (Va.) Deeds, \n1718-1974 (bulk 1768-1937)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Beach (Va.) Deeds, \n1718-1974 (bulk 1768-1937)"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Beach (Va.) Deeds, \n1718-1974 (bulk 1768-1937)"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Beach (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia Beach (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court papers from the city of Virginia Beach.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Land subdivision -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Deeds -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Deeds -- Virginia -- Virginia Beach","Land records -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Land records -- Virginia -- Virginia Beach","Local government records -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Virginia Beach","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- Virginia Beach"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Land subdivision -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Deeds -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Deeds -- Virginia -- Virginia Beach","Land records -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Land records -- Virginia -- Virginia Beach","Local government records -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Virginia Beach","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- Princess Anne County","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- Virginia Beach"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["85 boxes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe City of Virginia Beach was located in Princess Anne County, which is now extinct.  The oceanside resort was incorporated as a town in 1906 and as a city by an act of the General Assembly in 1952.  It was greatly enlarged in 1963 by consolidation with Princess Anne County, which thereby became extinct.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrincess Anne County was named for Anne, daughter of James II, who became queen of England in 1702.  The county was formed from Lower Norfolk County in 1691 and became extinct in 1963.  The county seat was Princess Anne.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The City of Virginia Beach was located in Princess Anne County, which is now extinct.  The oceanside resort was incorporated as a town in 1906 and as a city by an act of the General Assembly in 1952.  It was greatly enlarged in 1963 by consolidation with Princess Anne County, which thereby became extinct.\n","Princess Anne County was named for Anne, daughter of James II, who became queen of England in 1702.  The county was formed from Lower Norfolk County in 1691 and became extinct in 1963.  The county seat was Princess Anne."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Beach (Va.) Deeds, 1718-1974 (bulk 1768-1937). Local government records collection, Virginia Beach (City)/Princess Anne County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia Beach (Va.) Deeds, 1718-1974 (bulk 1768-1937). Local government records collection, Virginia Beach (City)/Princess Anne County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219. \n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDeed Books and Indices to Deeds for Princess Anne County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whatwehave/local/local_rec/index.htm\"\u003eA Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Princess Anne County Land Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whatwehave/local/local_rec/index.htm\"\u003eA Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Deed Books and Indices to Deeds for Princess Anne County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm","Additional Princess Anne County Land Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Beach (Va.) Deeds, 1718-1974 (bulk 1768-1937) consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust recorded in Princess Anne County and Virginia Beach. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. Except for a few years early in the eighteenth century, slaves in Virginia were considered personal property and consequently were not usually sold by deed. However, they were often transferred in deeds of gift or were the property listed in mortgages and deeds of trust.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Virginia Beach (Va.) Deeds, 1718-1974 (bulk 1768-1937) consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust recorded in Princess Anne County and Virginia Beach. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. Except for a few years early in the eighteenth century, slaves in Virginia were considered personal property and consequently were not usually sold by deed. However, they were often transferred in deeds of gift or were the property listed in mortgages and deeds of trust.\n","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\n","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.\n","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\n","The collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Beach (Va.) Circuit Court","Princess Anne County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Beach (Va.) Circuit Court","Princess Anne County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:21:00.176Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02492"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3528","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia Letter","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3528#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3528#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This letter was sent from G. C. Shippen, acting superintendent of the Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia, to Mr. F. W. Whittaker of Lynchburg. This letter is a response to a request to commit a young man named Lucien Gilmore to the institution. Shippen writes that the institution is at capacity and that it will be six weeks before they can accept any new inmates.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3528#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3528","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3528","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3528","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3528","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3528.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia Letter","title_ssm":["Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia Letter"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia Letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["1914"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1914"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2021.010"],"text":["Ms.2021.010","Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia Letter","African Americans -- History","Virginia -- History","This collection is open for research.","The Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia was formed in 1897 in Hanover County, Virginia. African American youths who had been arrested were sent there to be rehabilitated.","Source: Hanover County (Va.) Virginia Manual Labor School Board and Clothing Accounts, 1905-1909, Hanover County (Va.) Reel 60. Local government records collection, Hanover County Court Records,  The Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23219.  https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi02398.xml","The guide to the Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia Letter completed in July 2021.","See also the  Hanover County (Va.) Virginia Manual Labor School Board and Clothing Accounts, 1905-1909, Hanover County (Va.) Reel 60.  Local government records collection, Hanover County Court Records, at  The Library of Virginia , Richmond, VA 23219.","This letter was written by acting superintendent G. C. Shippen of the Virginia Manual Labor School of The Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia, to a Mr. F. W. Whittaker of Lynchburg. Shippen is responding to a request made by Mr. Whittaker to commit a young man by the name of Lucien Gilmore. Shippen responds that the institution is at capacity and is unable to accept any more inmates, and that it will be six weeks before they would be able to take any more.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This letter was sent from G. C. Shippen, acting superintendent of the Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia, to Mr. F. W. Whittaker of Lynchburg. This letter is a response to a request to commit a young man named Lucien Gilmore to the institution. Shippen writes that the institution is at capacity and that it will be six weeks before they can accept any new inmates.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia","The materials in this collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2021.010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia Letter"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia Letter"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia Letter"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia"],"creator_ssim":["Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia"],"creators_ssim":["Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia Letter was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in September 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Virginia -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Virginia -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1914],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia was formed in 1897 in Hanover County, Virginia. African American youths who had been arrested were sent there to be rehabilitated.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource: Hanover County (Va.) Virginia Manual Labor School Board and Clothing Accounts, 1905-1909, Hanover County (Va.) Reel 60. Local government records collection, Hanover County Court Records,  The Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23219. \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi02398.xml\"\u003ehttps://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi02398.xml\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia was formed in 1897 in Hanover County, Virginia. African American youths who had been arrested were sent there to be rehabilitated.","Source: Hanover County (Va.) Virginia Manual Labor School Board and Clothing Accounts, 1905-1909, Hanover County (Va.) Reel 60. Local government records collection, Hanover County Court Records,  The Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23219.  https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi02398.xml"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description "],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [item], [box], [folder], Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia Letter, Ms2021-010, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [item], [box], [folder], Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia Letter, Ms2021-010, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia Letter completed in July 2021.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia Letter completed in July 2021."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi02398.xml\"\u003eHanover County (Va.) Virginia Manual Labor School Board and Clothing Accounts, 1905-1909, Hanover County (Va.) Reel 60.\u003c/a\u003e Local government records collection, Hanover County Court Records, at \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/\"\u003eThe Library of Virginia\u003c/a\u003e, Richmond, VA 23219.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also the  Hanover County (Va.) Virginia Manual Labor School Board and Clothing Accounts, 1905-1909, Hanover County (Va.) Reel 60.  Local government records collection, Hanover County Court Records, at  The Library of Virginia , Richmond, VA 23219."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis letter was written by acting superintendent G. C. Shippen of the Virginia Manual Labor School of The Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia, to a Mr. F. W. Whittaker of Lynchburg. Shippen is responding to a request made by Mr. Whittaker to commit a young man by the name of Lucien Gilmore. Shippen responds that the institution is at capacity and is unable to accept any more inmates, and that it will be six weeks before they would be able to take any more.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This letter was written by acting superintendent G. C. Shippen of the Virginia Manual Labor School of The Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia, to a Mr. F. W. Whittaker of Lynchburg. Shippen is responding to a request made by Mr. Whittaker to commit a young man by the name of Lucien Gilmore. Shippen responds that the institution is at capacity and is unable to accept any more inmates, and that it will be six weeks before they would be able to take any more."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e633f37477bc860e79a827cd4db4161b\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis letter was sent from G. C. Shippen, acting superintendent of the Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia, to Mr. F. W. Whittaker of Lynchburg. This letter is a response to a request to commit a young man named Lucien Gilmore to the institution. Shippen writes that the institution is at capacity and that it will be six weeks before they can accept any new inmates.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This letter was sent from G. C. Shippen, acting superintendent of the Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia, to Mr. F. W. Whittaker of Lynchburg. This letter is a response to a request to commit a young man named Lucien Gilmore to the institution. Shippen writes that the institution is at capacity and that it will be six weeks before they can accept any new inmates."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["The materials in this collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:32:37.347Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3528","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3528","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3528","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3528","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3528.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia Letter","title_ssm":["Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia Letter"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia Letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["1914"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1914"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2021.010"],"text":["Ms.2021.010","Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia Letter","African Americans -- History","Virginia -- History","This collection is open for research.","The Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia was formed in 1897 in Hanover County, Virginia. African American youths who had been arrested were sent there to be rehabilitated.","Source: Hanover County (Va.) Virginia Manual Labor School Board and Clothing Accounts, 1905-1909, Hanover County (Va.) Reel 60. Local government records collection, Hanover County Court Records,  The Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23219.  https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi02398.xml","The guide to the Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia Letter completed in July 2021.","See also the  Hanover County (Va.) Virginia Manual Labor School Board and Clothing Accounts, 1905-1909, Hanover County (Va.) Reel 60.  Local government records collection, Hanover County Court Records, at  The Library of Virginia , Richmond, VA 23219.","This letter was written by acting superintendent G. C. Shippen of the Virginia Manual Labor School of The Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia, to a Mr. F. W. Whittaker of Lynchburg. Shippen is responding to a request made by Mr. Whittaker to commit a young man by the name of Lucien Gilmore. Shippen responds that the institution is at capacity and is unable to accept any more inmates, and that it will be six weeks before they would be able to take any more.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This letter was sent from G. C. Shippen, acting superintendent of the Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia, to Mr. F. W. Whittaker of Lynchburg. This letter is a response to a request to commit a young man named Lucien Gilmore to the institution. Shippen writes that the institution is at capacity and that it will be six weeks before they can accept any new inmates.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia","The materials in this collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2021.010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia Letter"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia Letter"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia Letter"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia"],"creator_ssim":["Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia"],"creators_ssim":["Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia Letter was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in September 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Virginia -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Virginia -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1914],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia was formed in 1897 in Hanover County, Virginia. African American youths who had been arrested were sent there to be rehabilitated.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource: Hanover County (Va.) Virginia Manual Labor School Board and Clothing Accounts, 1905-1909, Hanover County (Va.) Reel 60. Local government records collection, Hanover County Court Records,  The Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23219. \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi02398.xml\"\u003ehttps://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi02398.xml\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia was formed in 1897 in Hanover County, Virginia. African American youths who had been arrested were sent there to be rehabilitated.","Source: Hanover County (Va.) Virginia Manual Labor School Board and Clothing Accounts, 1905-1909, Hanover County (Va.) Reel 60. Local government records collection, Hanover County Court Records,  The Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23219.  https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi02398.xml"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description "],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [item], [box], [folder], Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia Letter, Ms2021-010, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [item], [box], [folder], Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia Letter, Ms2021-010, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia Letter completed in July 2021.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia Letter completed in July 2021."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi02398.xml\"\u003eHanover County (Va.) Virginia Manual Labor School Board and Clothing Accounts, 1905-1909, Hanover County (Va.) Reel 60.\u003c/a\u003e Local government records collection, Hanover County Court Records, at \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/\"\u003eThe Library of Virginia\u003c/a\u003e, Richmond, VA 23219.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also the  Hanover County (Va.) Virginia Manual Labor School Board and Clothing Accounts, 1905-1909, Hanover County (Va.) Reel 60.  Local government records collection, Hanover County Court Records, at  The Library of Virginia , Richmond, VA 23219."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis letter was written by acting superintendent G. C. Shippen of the Virginia Manual Labor School of The Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia, to a Mr. F. W. Whittaker of Lynchburg. Shippen is responding to a request made by Mr. Whittaker to commit a young man by the name of Lucien Gilmore. Shippen responds that the institution is at capacity and is unable to accept any more inmates, and that it will be six weeks before they would be able to take any more.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This letter was written by acting superintendent G. C. Shippen of the Virginia Manual Labor School of The Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia, to a Mr. F. W. Whittaker of Lynchburg. Shippen is responding to a request made by Mr. Whittaker to commit a young man by the name of Lucien Gilmore. Shippen responds that the institution is at capacity and is unable to accept any more inmates, and that it will be six weeks before they would be able to take any more."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e633f37477bc860e79a827cd4db4161b\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis letter was sent from G. C. Shippen, acting superintendent of the Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia, to Mr. F. W. Whittaker of Lynchburg. This letter is a response to a request to commit a young man named Lucien Gilmore to the institution. Shippen writes that the institution is at capacity and that it will be six weeks before they can accept any new inmates.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This letter was sent from G. C. Shippen, acting superintendent of the Virginia Manual Labor School of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia, to Mr. F. W. Whittaker of Lynchburg. This letter is a response to a request to commit a young man named Lucien Gilmore to the institution. Shippen writes that the institution is at capacity and that it will be six weeks before they can accept any new inmates."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["The materials in this collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:32:37.347Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3528"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains nineteenth century financial documents, including tax records for various Virginia residents. Also included are several hand-written receipts mentioning the sale or labor of enslaved people, including a Black child named Peter and a Black man named Bob.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3858.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons","title_ssm":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons"],"unitdate_ssm":["1823-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1823-1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2022.038"],"text":["Ms.2022.038","Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons","African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","Virginia -- History","Receipts (financial records) ","The collection is open for research.","The guide to the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons was completed in August 2022.","This collection includes receipts for taxes paid to Albemarle County, Nelson County, Greenbrier County, and Augustus County, ranging from 1839 to 1861. Some tax receipts include an amount of enslaved people being taxed. Also included are hand-written receipts involving enslaved people, including a receipt for a Black boy named Peter and a Black man named Bob.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains nineteenth century financial documents, including tax records for various Virginia residents. Also included are several hand-written receipts mentioning the sale or labor of enslaved people, including a Black child named Peter and a Black man named Bob.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Peter (enslaved person)","Bob (enslaved person)","The materials in this collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2022.038"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","Virginia -- History","Receipts (financial records) "],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","Virginia -- History","Receipts (financial records) "],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Receipts (financial records) "],"date_range_isim":[1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons, Ms2022-038, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons, Ms2022-038, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons was completed in August 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons was completed in August 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes receipts for taxes paid to Albemarle County, Nelson County, Greenbrier County, and Augustus County, ranging from 1839 to 1861. Some tax receipts include an amount of enslaved people being taxed. Also included are hand-written receipts involving enslaved people, including a receipt for a Black boy named Peter and a Black man named Bob.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes receipts for taxes paid to Albemarle County, Nelson County, Greenbrier County, and Augustus County, ranging from 1839 to 1861. Some tax receipts include an amount of enslaved people being taxed. Also included are hand-written receipts involving enslaved people, including a receipt for a Black boy named Peter and a Black man named Bob."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2122422fd322e26241538fd72db9defe\"\u003eThis collection contains nineteenth century financial documents, including tax records for various Virginia residents. Also included are several hand-written receipts mentioning the sale or labor of enslaved people, including a Black child named Peter and a Black man named Bob.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains nineteenth century financial documents, including tax records for various Virginia residents. Also included are several hand-written receipts mentioning the sale or labor of enslaved people, including a Black child named Peter and a Black man named Bob."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Peter (enslaved person)","Bob (enslaved person)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Peter (enslaved person)","Bob (enslaved person)"],"persname_ssim":["Peter (enslaved person)","Bob (enslaved person)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in this collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:22:58.594Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3858.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons","title_ssm":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons"],"unitdate_ssm":["1823-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1823-1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2022.038"],"text":["Ms.2022.038","Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons","African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","Virginia -- History","Receipts (financial records) ","The collection is open for research.","The guide to the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons was completed in August 2022.","This collection includes receipts for taxes paid to Albemarle County, Nelson County, Greenbrier County, and Augustus County, ranging from 1839 to 1861. Some tax receipts include an amount of enslaved people being taxed. Also included are hand-written receipts involving enslaved people, including a receipt for a Black boy named Peter and a Black man named Bob.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains nineteenth century financial documents, including tax records for various Virginia residents. Also included are several hand-written receipts mentioning the sale or labor of enslaved people, including a Black child named Peter and a Black man named Bob.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Peter (enslaved person)","Bob (enslaved person)","The materials in this collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2022.038"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","Virginia -- History","Receipts (financial records) "],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","Virginia -- History","Receipts (financial records) "],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Receipts (financial records) "],"date_range_isim":[1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons, Ms2022-038, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons, Ms2022-038, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons was completed in August 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons was completed in August 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes receipts for taxes paid to Albemarle County, Nelson County, Greenbrier County, and Augustus County, ranging from 1839 to 1861. Some tax receipts include an amount of enslaved people being taxed. Also included are hand-written receipts involving enslaved people, including a receipt for a Black boy named Peter and a Black man named Bob.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes receipts for taxes paid to Albemarle County, Nelson County, Greenbrier County, and Augustus County, ranging from 1839 to 1861. Some tax receipts include an amount of enslaved people being taxed. Also included are hand-written receipts involving enslaved people, including a receipt for a Black boy named Peter and a Black man named Bob."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2122422fd322e26241538fd72db9defe\"\u003eThis collection contains nineteenth century financial documents, including tax records for various Virginia residents. Also included are several hand-written receipts mentioning the sale or labor of enslaved people, including a Black child named Peter and a Black man named Bob.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains nineteenth century financial documents, including tax records for various Virginia residents. Also included are several hand-written receipts mentioning the sale or labor of enslaved people, including a Black child named Peter and a Black man named Bob."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Peter (enslaved person)","Bob (enslaved person)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Peter (enslaved person)","Bob (enslaved person)"],"persname_ssim":["Peter (enslaved person)","Bob (enslaved person)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in this collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:22:58.594Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2379","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Virginia Republican Party Flyer","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2379#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Virginia Republican Party Flyer lists the African American Republican candidates for Virginia elected offices in 1921 and includes Maggie L. Walker, the first American female bank president, as the candidate for Superintendent of Public Instruction and John Mitchell, Jr., the editor of the \u003cem\u003eRichmond Planet\u003c/em\u003e, as the candidate for Governor.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2379#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2379","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2379","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2379","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2379","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2379.xml","title_ssm":["Virginia Republican Party Flyer"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Republican Party Flyer"],"unitdate_ssm":["1921"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1921"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2008.058"],"text":["Ms.2008.058","Virginia Republican Party Flyer","African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Politicians -- United States","Women -- History","The collection is open for research.","The collection has been digitized and is available online.","The  Lily Black  Republican ticket of 1921 was in response to the all white ( Lily White ) ticket put forward by the Republican party of Virginia. Neither Republican ticket won in 1921, as the Democratic party swept the elections. Although several names appear on the  Lily Black  Republican ticket, biographical information exists only for Maggie L. Walker, John Mitchell, Jr., and Joseph Thomas ( J.T. ) Newsome. ","Maggie Lena Mitchell was born on July 15, 1867 in Richmond, Virginia, and married Armstead Walker, Jr. in 1886. At age fourteen Maggie joined the local chapter of the Independent Order of St. Luke, a fraternal burial society. Eventually, Maggie achieved the title of Right Worthy Grand Secretary in 1899, created   The St. Luke Herald  in 1902, and founded the St. Luke Penny Savings Bank in 1903-thus making her the first woman to charter a bank in the United States. Maggie also devoted time to promoting African American women's rights. This civic concern eventually expressed itself in an unsuccessful bid for the office of Superintendent of Public Instruction in 1921. Maggie Lena Walker died on December 15, 1934. ","John Mitchell, Jr. was born July 11, 1863. Mitchell was the editor of the  Richmond Planet,  a paper that exposed racial injustice, and the President of the National Afro-American Press Association. Elected to Richmond's Board of Alderman from Jackson Ward in 1892, Mitchell eventually made an unsuccessful bid for the governor's office in 1921. Mitchell also founded, and was president of, the Mechanics Savings Bank which fell into legal trouble and was eventually rechartered by the state in July, 1924. Due to the bank's failure, Mitchell lost his assets and eventually died on December 3, 1929. ","Joseph Thomas ( J.T. ) Newsome was born on June 2, 1869 in Sussex County, Virginia, to Joseph and Anne Newsome. After attending Virginia Normal and Collegiate Institute in Petersburg, Newsome received his law degree from Howard University in 1898. Newsome married Mary Beatrice Winfield and moved to Newport News where he became a successful lawyer, the editor of the  Newport News Star , a public speaker, and a politician. In 1921 Newsome unsuccessfully ran for state attorney general and the first congressional district seat. Joseph Thomas Newsom died on March 9, 1942. ","See also  \"A Ballot of Significance: A Virginia Republican Party Ticket from 1921\" , an October 28, 2020 blog post, by archivist Marc Brodsky on the Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives blog.","The guide to the Virginia Republican Party Flyer, Ms2008-058 by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing and description of the Virginia Republican Party Flyer occurred in August 2008.","The Virginia Republican Party Flyer is a list, titled  The Republican Ticket  and printed on newsprint, of the so-called   Lily Black  Republican ticket of 1921 (an African American offshoot of the Republican party). Sought-after offices include Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Attorney-General, Treasurer, Secretary of Commonwealth, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Corporation Commissioner, and Commissioner of Agriculture. Maggie L. Walker of Richmond, Virginia, an African American philanthropist and the first American female bank president, is listed as the Republican candidate for the Superintendent of Public Instruction. John Mitchell, Jr. of Richmond Virginia, the editor of the  Richmond Planet,  is listed as the Republican candidate for Governor.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Virginia Republican Party Flyer lists the African American Republican candidates for Virginia elected offices in 1921 and includes Maggie L. Walker, the first American female bank president, as the candidate for Superintendent of Public Instruction and John Mitchell, Jr., the editor of the  Richmond Planet , as the candidate for Governor.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2008.058"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Republican Party Flyer"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Republican Party Flyer"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Republican Party Flyer"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Virginia Republican Party Flyer was purchased by Special Collections."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Politicians -- United States","Women -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Politicians -- United States","Women -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1921],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms2008-058\"\u003eThe collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["The collection has been digitized and is available online."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eLily Black\u003c/title\u003e Republican ticket of 1921 was in response to the all white (\u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eLily White\u003c/title\u003e) ticket put forward by the Republican party of Virginia. Neither Republican ticket won in 1921, as the Democratic party swept the elections. Although several names appear on the \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eLily Black\u003c/title\u003e Republican ticket, biographical information exists only for Maggie L. Walker, John Mitchell, Jr., and Joseph Thomas ( J.T. ) Newsome. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaggie Lena Mitchell was born on July 15, 1867 in Richmond, Virginia, and married Armstead Walker, Jr. in 1886. At age fourteen Maggie joined the local chapter of the Independent Order of St. Luke, a fraternal burial society. Eventually, Maggie achieved the title of Right Worthy Grand Secretary in 1899, created \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e The St. Luke Herald\u003c/title\u003e in 1902, and founded the St. Luke Penny Savings Bank in 1903-thus making her the first woman to charter a bank in the United States. Maggie also devoted time to promoting African American women's rights. This civic concern eventually expressed itself in an unsuccessful bid for the office of Superintendent of Public Instruction in 1921. Maggie Lena Walker died on December 15, 1934. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn Mitchell, Jr. was born July 11, 1863. Mitchell was the editor of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Planet,\u003c/title\u003e a paper that exposed racial injustice, and the President of the National Afro-American Press Association. Elected to Richmond's Board of Alderman from Jackson Ward in 1892, Mitchell eventually made an unsuccessful bid for the governor's office in 1921. Mitchell also founded, and was president of, the Mechanics Savings Bank which fell into legal trouble and was eventually rechartered by the state in July, 1924. Due to the bank's failure, Mitchell lost his assets and eventually died on December 3, 1929. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJoseph Thomas ( J.T. ) Newsome was born on June 2, 1869 in Sussex County, Virginia, to Joseph and Anne Newsome. After attending Virginia Normal and Collegiate Institute in Petersburg, Newsome received his law degree from Howard University in 1898. Newsome married Mary Beatrice Winfield and moved to Newport News where he became a successful lawyer, the editor of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eNewport News Star\u003c/title\u003e, a public speaker, and a politician. In 1921 Newsome unsuccessfully ran for state attorney general and the first congressional district seat. Joseph Thomas Newsom died on March 9, 1942. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee also \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://scuablog.lib.vt.edu/2020/10/28/a-ballot-of-significance-a-virginia-republican-party-ticket-from-1921/\"\u003e\"A Ballot of Significance: A Virginia Republican Party Ticket from 1921\"\u003c/a\u003e, an October 28, 2020 blog post, by archivist Marc Brodsky on the Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives blog.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The  Lily Black  Republican ticket of 1921 was in response to the all white ( Lily White ) ticket put forward by the Republican party of Virginia. Neither Republican ticket won in 1921, as the Democratic party swept the elections. Although several names appear on the  Lily Black  Republican ticket, biographical information exists only for Maggie L. Walker, John Mitchell, Jr., and Joseph Thomas ( J.T. ) Newsome. ","Maggie Lena Mitchell was born on July 15, 1867 in Richmond, Virginia, and married Armstead Walker, Jr. in 1886. At age fourteen Maggie joined the local chapter of the Independent Order of St. Luke, a fraternal burial society. Eventually, Maggie achieved the title of Right Worthy Grand Secretary in 1899, created   The St. Luke Herald  in 1902, and founded the St. Luke Penny Savings Bank in 1903-thus making her the first woman to charter a bank in the United States. Maggie also devoted time to promoting African American women's rights. This civic concern eventually expressed itself in an unsuccessful bid for the office of Superintendent of Public Instruction in 1921. Maggie Lena Walker died on December 15, 1934. ","John Mitchell, Jr. was born July 11, 1863. Mitchell was the editor of the  Richmond Planet,  a paper that exposed racial injustice, and the President of the National Afro-American Press Association. Elected to Richmond's Board of Alderman from Jackson Ward in 1892, Mitchell eventually made an unsuccessful bid for the governor's office in 1921. Mitchell also founded, and was president of, the Mechanics Savings Bank which fell into legal trouble and was eventually rechartered by the state in July, 1924. Due to the bank's failure, Mitchell lost his assets and eventually died on December 3, 1929. ","Joseph Thomas ( J.T. ) Newsome was born on June 2, 1869 in Sussex County, Virginia, to Joseph and Anne Newsome. After attending Virginia Normal and Collegiate Institute in Petersburg, Newsome received his law degree from Howard University in 1898. Newsome married Mary Beatrice Winfield and moved to Newport News where he became a successful lawyer, the editor of the  Newport News Star , a public speaker, and a politician. In 1921 Newsome unsuccessfully ran for state attorney general and the first congressional district seat. Joseph Thomas Newsom died on March 9, 1942. ","See also  \"A Ballot of Significance: A Virginia Republican Party Ticket from 1921\" , an October 28, 2020 blog post, by archivist Marc Brodsky on the Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives blog."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Virginia Republican Party Flyer, Ms2008-058 by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Virginia Republican Party Flyer, Ms2008-058 by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Republican Party Flyer, Ms2008-058, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Republican Party Flyer, Ms2008-058, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and description of the Virginia Republican Party Flyer occurred in August 2008.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and description of the Virginia Republican Party Flyer occurred in August 2008."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Republican Party Flyer is a list, titled \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eThe Republican Ticket\u003c/title\u003e and printed on newsprint, of the so-called \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003e Lily Black\u003c/title\u003e Republican ticket of 1921 (an African American offshoot of the Republican party). Sought-after offices include Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Attorney-General, Treasurer, Secretary of Commonwealth, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Corporation Commissioner, and Commissioner of Agriculture. Maggie L. Walker of Richmond, Virginia, an African American philanthropist and the first American female bank president, is listed as the Republican candidate for the Superintendent of Public Instruction. John Mitchell, Jr. of Richmond Virginia, the editor of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Planet,\u003c/title\u003e is listed as the Republican candidate for Governor.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Virginia Republican Party Flyer is a list, titled  The Republican Ticket  and printed on newsprint, of the so-called   Lily Black  Republican ticket of 1921 (an African American offshoot of the Republican party). Sought-after offices include Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Attorney-General, Treasurer, Secretary of Commonwealth, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Corporation Commissioner, and Commissioner of Agriculture. Maggie L. Walker of Richmond, Virginia, an African American philanthropist and the first American female bank president, is listed as the Republican candidate for the Superintendent of Public Instruction. John Mitchell, Jr. of Richmond Virginia, the editor of the  Richmond Planet,  is listed as the Republican candidate for Governor."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b95a3d16ad1111609d5f3586cb359329\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Virginia Republican Party Flyer lists the African American Republican candidates for Virginia elected offices in 1921 and includes Maggie L. Walker, the first American female bank president, as the candidate for Superintendent of Public Instruction and John Mitchell, Jr., the editor of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Planet\u003c/title\u003e, as the candidate for Governor.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Virginia Republican Party Flyer lists the African American Republican candidates for Virginia elected offices in 1921 and includes Maggie L. Walker, the first American female bank president, as the candidate for Superintendent of Public Instruction and John Mitchell, Jr., the editor of the  Richmond Planet , as the candidate for Governor."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:14:59.217Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2379","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2379","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2379","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2379","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2379.xml","title_ssm":["Virginia Republican Party Flyer"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Republican Party Flyer"],"unitdate_ssm":["1921"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1921"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2008.058"],"text":["Ms.2008.058","Virginia Republican Party Flyer","African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Politicians -- United States","Women -- History","The collection is open for research.","The collection has been digitized and is available online.","The  Lily Black  Republican ticket of 1921 was in response to the all white ( Lily White ) ticket put forward by the Republican party of Virginia. Neither Republican ticket won in 1921, as the Democratic party swept the elections. Although several names appear on the  Lily Black  Republican ticket, biographical information exists only for Maggie L. Walker, John Mitchell, Jr., and Joseph Thomas ( J.T. ) Newsome. ","Maggie Lena Mitchell was born on July 15, 1867 in Richmond, Virginia, and married Armstead Walker, Jr. in 1886. At age fourteen Maggie joined the local chapter of the Independent Order of St. Luke, a fraternal burial society. Eventually, Maggie achieved the title of Right Worthy Grand Secretary in 1899, created   The St. Luke Herald  in 1902, and founded the St. Luke Penny Savings Bank in 1903-thus making her the first woman to charter a bank in the United States. Maggie also devoted time to promoting African American women's rights. This civic concern eventually expressed itself in an unsuccessful bid for the office of Superintendent of Public Instruction in 1921. Maggie Lena Walker died on December 15, 1934. ","John Mitchell, Jr. was born July 11, 1863. Mitchell was the editor of the  Richmond Planet,  a paper that exposed racial injustice, and the President of the National Afro-American Press Association. Elected to Richmond's Board of Alderman from Jackson Ward in 1892, Mitchell eventually made an unsuccessful bid for the governor's office in 1921. Mitchell also founded, and was president of, the Mechanics Savings Bank which fell into legal trouble and was eventually rechartered by the state in July, 1924. Due to the bank's failure, Mitchell lost his assets and eventually died on December 3, 1929. ","Joseph Thomas ( J.T. ) Newsome was born on June 2, 1869 in Sussex County, Virginia, to Joseph and Anne Newsome. After attending Virginia Normal and Collegiate Institute in Petersburg, Newsome received his law degree from Howard University in 1898. Newsome married Mary Beatrice Winfield and moved to Newport News where he became a successful lawyer, the editor of the  Newport News Star , a public speaker, and a politician. In 1921 Newsome unsuccessfully ran for state attorney general and the first congressional district seat. Joseph Thomas Newsom died on March 9, 1942. ","See also  \"A Ballot of Significance: A Virginia Republican Party Ticket from 1921\" , an October 28, 2020 blog post, by archivist Marc Brodsky on the Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives blog.","The guide to the Virginia Republican Party Flyer, Ms2008-058 by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing and description of the Virginia Republican Party Flyer occurred in August 2008.","The Virginia Republican Party Flyer is a list, titled  The Republican Ticket  and printed on newsprint, of the so-called   Lily Black  Republican ticket of 1921 (an African American offshoot of the Republican party). Sought-after offices include Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Attorney-General, Treasurer, Secretary of Commonwealth, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Corporation Commissioner, and Commissioner of Agriculture. Maggie L. Walker of Richmond, Virginia, an African American philanthropist and the first American female bank president, is listed as the Republican candidate for the Superintendent of Public Instruction. John Mitchell, Jr. of Richmond Virginia, the editor of the  Richmond Planet,  is listed as the Republican candidate for Governor.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Virginia Republican Party Flyer lists the African American Republican candidates for Virginia elected offices in 1921 and includes Maggie L. Walker, the first American female bank president, as the candidate for Superintendent of Public Instruction and John Mitchell, Jr., the editor of the  Richmond Planet , as the candidate for Governor.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2008.058"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Republican Party Flyer"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Republican Party Flyer"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Republican Party Flyer"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Virginia Republican Party Flyer was purchased by Special Collections."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Politicians -- United States","Women -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Politicians -- United States","Women -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1921],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms2008-058\"\u003eThe collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["The collection has been digitized and is available online."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eLily Black\u003c/title\u003e Republican ticket of 1921 was in response to the all white (\u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eLily White\u003c/title\u003e) ticket put forward by the Republican party of Virginia. Neither Republican ticket won in 1921, as the Democratic party swept the elections. Although several names appear on the \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eLily Black\u003c/title\u003e Republican ticket, biographical information exists only for Maggie L. Walker, John Mitchell, Jr., and Joseph Thomas ( J.T. ) Newsome. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaggie Lena Mitchell was born on July 15, 1867 in Richmond, Virginia, and married Armstead Walker, Jr. in 1886. At age fourteen Maggie joined the local chapter of the Independent Order of St. Luke, a fraternal burial society. Eventually, Maggie achieved the title of Right Worthy Grand Secretary in 1899, created \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e The St. Luke Herald\u003c/title\u003e in 1902, and founded the St. Luke Penny Savings Bank in 1903-thus making her the first woman to charter a bank in the United States. Maggie also devoted time to promoting African American women's rights. This civic concern eventually expressed itself in an unsuccessful bid for the office of Superintendent of Public Instruction in 1921. Maggie Lena Walker died on December 15, 1934. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn Mitchell, Jr. was born July 11, 1863. Mitchell was the editor of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Planet,\u003c/title\u003e a paper that exposed racial injustice, and the President of the National Afro-American Press Association. Elected to Richmond's Board of Alderman from Jackson Ward in 1892, Mitchell eventually made an unsuccessful bid for the governor's office in 1921. Mitchell also founded, and was president of, the Mechanics Savings Bank which fell into legal trouble and was eventually rechartered by the state in July, 1924. Due to the bank's failure, Mitchell lost his assets and eventually died on December 3, 1929. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJoseph Thomas ( J.T. ) Newsome was born on June 2, 1869 in Sussex County, Virginia, to Joseph and Anne Newsome. After attending Virginia Normal and Collegiate Institute in Petersburg, Newsome received his law degree from Howard University in 1898. Newsome married Mary Beatrice Winfield and moved to Newport News where he became a successful lawyer, the editor of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eNewport News Star\u003c/title\u003e, a public speaker, and a politician. In 1921 Newsome unsuccessfully ran for state attorney general and the first congressional district seat. Joseph Thomas Newsom died on March 9, 1942. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee also \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://scuablog.lib.vt.edu/2020/10/28/a-ballot-of-significance-a-virginia-republican-party-ticket-from-1921/\"\u003e\"A Ballot of Significance: A Virginia Republican Party Ticket from 1921\"\u003c/a\u003e, an October 28, 2020 blog post, by archivist Marc Brodsky on the Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives blog.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The  Lily Black  Republican ticket of 1921 was in response to the all white ( Lily White ) ticket put forward by the Republican party of Virginia. Neither Republican ticket won in 1921, as the Democratic party swept the elections. Although several names appear on the  Lily Black  Republican ticket, biographical information exists only for Maggie L. Walker, John Mitchell, Jr., and Joseph Thomas ( J.T. ) Newsome. ","Maggie Lena Mitchell was born on July 15, 1867 in Richmond, Virginia, and married Armstead Walker, Jr. in 1886. At age fourteen Maggie joined the local chapter of the Independent Order of St. Luke, a fraternal burial society. Eventually, Maggie achieved the title of Right Worthy Grand Secretary in 1899, created   The St. Luke Herald  in 1902, and founded the St. Luke Penny Savings Bank in 1903-thus making her the first woman to charter a bank in the United States. Maggie also devoted time to promoting African American women's rights. This civic concern eventually expressed itself in an unsuccessful bid for the office of Superintendent of Public Instruction in 1921. Maggie Lena Walker died on December 15, 1934. ","John Mitchell, Jr. was born July 11, 1863. Mitchell was the editor of the  Richmond Planet,  a paper that exposed racial injustice, and the President of the National Afro-American Press Association. Elected to Richmond's Board of Alderman from Jackson Ward in 1892, Mitchell eventually made an unsuccessful bid for the governor's office in 1921. Mitchell also founded, and was president of, the Mechanics Savings Bank which fell into legal trouble and was eventually rechartered by the state in July, 1924. Due to the bank's failure, Mitchell lost his assets and eventually died on December 3, 1929. ","Joseph Thomas ( J.T. ) Newsome was born on June 2, 1869 in Sussex County, Virginia, to Joseph and Anne Newsome. After attending Virginia Normal and Collegiate Institute in Petersburg, Newsome received his law degree from Howard University in 1898. Newsome married Mary Beatrice Winfield and moved to Newport News where he became a successful lawyer, the editor of the  Newport News Star , a public speaker, and a politician. In 1921 Newsome unsuccessfully ran for state attorney general and the first congressional district seat. Joseph Thomas Newsom died on March 9, 1942. ","See also  \"A Ballot of Significance: A Virginia Republican Party Ticket from 1921\" , an October 28, 2020 blog post, by archivist Marc Brodsky on the Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives blog."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Virginia Republican Party Flyer, Ms2008-058 by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Virginia Republican Party Flyer, Ms2008-058 by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Republican Party Flyer, Ms2008-058, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Republican Party Flyer, Ms2008-058, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and description of the Virginia Republican Party Flyer occurred in August 2008.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and description of the Virginia Republican Party Flyer occurred in August 2008."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Republican Party Flyer is a list, titled \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eThe Republican Ticket\u003c/title\u003e and printed on newsprint, of the so-called \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003e Lily Black\u003c/title\u003e Republican ticket of 1921 (an African American offshoot of the Republican party). Sought-after offices include Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Attorney-General, Treasurer, Secretary of Commonwealth, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Corporation Commissioner, and Commissioner of Agriculture. Maggie L. Walker of Richmond, Virginia, an African American philanthropist and the first American female bank president, is listed as the Republican candidate for the Superintendent of Public Instruction. John Mitchell, Jr. of Richmond Virginia, the editor of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Planet,\u003c/title\u003e is listed as the Republican candidate for Governor.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Virginia Republican Party Flyer is a list, titled  The Republican Ticket  and printed on newsprint, of the so-called   Lily Black  Republican ticket of 1921 (an African American offshoot of the Republican party). Sought-after offices include Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Attorney-General, Treasurer, Secretary of Commonwealth, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Corporation Commissioner, and Commissioner of Agriculture. Maggie L. Walker of Richmond, Virginia, an African American philanthropist and the first American female bank president, is listed as the Republican candidate for the Superintendent of Public Instruction. John Mitchell, Jr. of Richmond Virginia, the editor of the  Richmond Planet,  is listed as the Republican candidate for Governor."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b95a3d16ad1111609d5f3586cb359329\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Virginia Republican Party Flyer lists the African American Republican candidates for Virginia elected offices in 1921 and includes Maggie L. Walker, the first American female bank president, as the candidate for Superintendent of Public Instruction and John Mitchell, Jr., the editor of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Planet\u003c/title\u003e, as the candidate for Governor.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Virginia Republican Party Flyer lists the African American Republican candidates for Virginia elected offices in 1921 and includes Maggie L. Walker, the first American female bank president, as the candidate for Superintendent of Public Instruction and John Mitchell, Jr., the editor of the  Richmond Planet , as the candidate for Governor."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:14:59.217Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2379"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Library of Virginia","value":"Library of Virginia","hits":55},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+History\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","value":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","hits":46},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+History\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+History\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript","value":"\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+History\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=%22The+24th+Corps%22+Manuscript\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\"You Must Shun Ole Satan\" Sheet Music","value":"\"You Must Shun Ole Satan\" Sheet Music","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+History\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=%22You+Must+Shun+Ole+Satan%22+Sheet+Music\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1st U. 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