{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+History\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=4","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+History\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=3","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+History\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=5","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+History\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=11"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":4,"next_page":5,"prev_page":3,"total_pages":11,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":30,"total_count":101,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1923","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Hidden History: The Black Experience in the Roanoke Valley Cassette Tapes and Transcripts","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1923#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This oral history project was an agreement between University Libraries and The Harrison Museum of African American Culture. It contians oral history interviews with forty African American people from the Roanoke Valley. The interviews are mostly biographical in nature.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1923#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1923","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1923","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1923","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1923","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1923.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Hidden History: The Black Experience in the Roanoke Valley Cassette Tapes and Transcripts","title_ssm":["Hidden History: The Black Experience in the Roanoke Valley Cassette Tapes and Transcripts"],"title_tesim":["Hidden History: The Black Experience in the Roanoke Valley Cassette Tapes and Transcripts"],"unitdate_ssm":["1992"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1992.049"],"text":["Ms.1992.049","Hidden History: The Black Experience in the Roanoke Valley Cassette Tapes and Transcripts","Roanoke (Va.)","African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History","The collection is open to research.","The interview transcripts are arranged in alphabetical order by last name within each box. Box one contains forty oral history interview transcripts. Box two contains thirty-seven copies of those transcripts. Boxes three through ten contain the cassette tapes.","The Harrison Museum of African American Culture first opened in 1985 in the Harrison School, a historically Black school in Roanoke, Virginia. The institution later relocated to downtown Roanoke in 2013, where it stood for twelve years before it moved once more to the Melrose Plaza Community Center in 2025. According to The Harrison Museum of African American Culture's website, the museum is a cultural and educational institution that is dedicated to preserving and displaying the history of African Americans and their contributions. ","The oral history interviews were done in 1992, twelve years after the museum's opening, in partnership with Virginia Tech University Libraries. According to the museum's website, the interviewees were elders in the Roanoke Valley community. Their interviews ranged from biographical to detailed recollections of the Black communities in the Roanoke Valley and their significance to the history of Roanoke. ","External Sources:","Harrison Museum of African American Culture,  https://harrisonmuseum.com/about/,  accessed on November 18, 2025.","The guide to the Hidden History: The Black Experience in the Roanoke Valley Cassette Tapes and Transcripts by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","These oral history interviews were taken in conjunction with the Harrison Museum of African American Culture. The museum itself contains a plethora of artifacts, manuscript collections, and exhibits about the history of African American life in the Roanoke Valley.","Oral history project designed to interview African American residents of the Roanoke Valley in Virginia. The interviews cover the African American cultural, social, and political history in the Valley. Collection consists of approximately fifty-five interviews. Transcripts are available for forty of the interviews.","This oral history project was an agreement between University Libraries and The Harrison Museum of African American Culture. Researchers should contact the appropriate organization for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Copyright restrictions may apply. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This oral history project was an agreement between University Libraries and The Harrison Museum of African American Culture. It contians oral history interviews with forty African American people from the Roanoke Valley. 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Box one contains forty oral history interview transcripts. Box two contains thirty-seven copies of those transcripts. Boxes three through ten contain the cassette tapes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The interview transcripts are arranged in alphabetical order by last name within each box. Box one contains forty oral history interview transcripts. Box two contains thirty-seven copies of those transcripts. Boxes three through ten contain the cassette tapes."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Harrison Museum of African American Culture first opened in 1985 in the Harrison School, a historically Black school in Roanoke, Virginia. The institution later relocated to downtown Roanoke in 2013, where it stood for twelve years before it moved once more to the Melrose Plaza Community Center in 2025. According to The Harrison Museum of African American Culture's website, the museum is a cultural and educational institution that is dedicated to preserving and displaying the history of African Americans and their contributions. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe oral history interviews were done in 1992, twelve years after the museum's opening, in partnership with Virginia Tech University Libraries. According to the museum's website, the interviewees were elders in the Roanoke Valley community. Their interviews ranged from biographical to detailed recollections of the Black communities in the Roanoke Valley and their significance to the history of Roanoke. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExternal Sources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHarrison Museum of African American Culture, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://harrisonmuseum.com/about/\"\u003ehttps://harrisonmuseum.com/about/,\u003c/a\u003e accessed on November 18, 2025.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Harrison Museum of African American Culture first opened in 1985 in the Harrison School, a historically Black school in Roanoke, Virginia. The institution later relocated to downtown Roanoke in 2013, where it stood for twelve years before it moved once more to the Melrose Plaza Community Center in 2025. According to The Harrison Museum of African American Culture's website, the museum is a cultural and educational institution that is dedicated to preserving and displaying the history of African Americans and their contributions. ","The oral history interviews were done in 1992, twelve years after the museum's opening, in partnership with Virginia Tech University Libraries. According to the museum's website, the interviewees were elders in the Roanoke Valley community. Their interviews ranged from biographical to detailed recollections of the Black communities in the Roanoke Valley and their significance to the history of Roanoke. ","External Sources:","Harrison Museum of African American Culture,  https://harrisonmuseum.com/about/,  accessed on November 18, 2025."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Hidden History: The Black Experience in the Roanoke Valley Cassette Tapes and Transcripts by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Hidden History: The Black Experience in the Roanoke Valley Cassette Tapes and Transcripts by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Hidden History: The Black Experience in the Roanoke Valley Cassette Tapes and Transcripts, Ms1992 049, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Hidden History: The Black Experience in the Roanoke Valley Cassette Tapes and Transcripts, Ms1992 049, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese oral history interviews were taken in conjunction with the Harrison Museum of African American Culture. The museum itself contains a plethora of artifacts, manuscript collections, and exhibits about the history of African American life in the Roanoke Valley.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["These oral history interviews were taken in conjunction with the Harrison Museum of African American Culture. The museum itself contains a plethora of artifacts, manuscript collections, and exhibits about the history of African American life in the Roanoke Valley."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOral history project designed to interview African American residents of the Roanoke Valley in Virginia. The interviews cover the African American cultural, social, and political history in the Valley. Collection consists of approximately fifty-five interviews. Transcripts are available for forty of the interviews.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Oral history project designed to interview African American residents of the Roanoke Valley in Virginia. The interviews cover the African American cultural, social, and political history in the Valley. Collection consists of approximately fifty-five interviews. Transcripts are available for forty of the interviews."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis oral history project was an agreement between University Libraries and The Harrison Museum of African American Culture. Researchers should contact the appropriate organization for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Copyright restrictions may apply. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This oral history project was an agreement between University Libraries and The Harrison Museum of African American Culture. Researchers should contact the appropriate organization for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Copyright restrictions may apply. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f08e80823e5222e7dd7bf40194eee437\"\u003eThis oral history project was an agreement between University Libraries and The Harrison Museum of African American Culture. It contians oral history interviews with forty African American people from the Roanoke Valley. The interviews are mostly biographical in nature.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This oral history project was an agreement between University Libraries and The Harrison Museum of African American Culture. It contians oral history interviews with forty African American people from the Roanoke Valley. The interviews are mostly biographical in nature."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":193,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:00:25.796Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1923","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1923","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1923","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1923","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1923.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Hidden History: The Black Experience in the Roanoke Valley Cassette Tapes and Transcripts","title_ssm":["Hidden History: The Black Experience in the Roanoke Valley Cassette Tapes and Transcripts"],"title_tesim":["Hidden History: The Black Experience in the Roanoke Valley Cassette Tapes and Transcripts"],"unitdate_ssm":["1992"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1992.049"],"text":["Ms.1992.049","Hidden History: The Black Experience in the Roanoke Valley Cassette Tapes and Transcripts","Roanoke (Va.)","African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History","The collection is open to research.","The interview transcripts are arranged in alphabetical order by last name within each box. Box one contains forty oral history interview transcripts. Box two contains thirty-seven copies of those transcripts. Boxes three through ten contain the cassette tapes.","The Harrison Museum of African American Culture first opened in 1985 in the Harrison School, a historically Black school in Roanoke, Virginia. The institution later relocated to downtown Roanoke in 2013, where it stood for twelve years before it moved once more to the Melrose Plaza Community Center in 2025. According to The Harrison Museum of African American Culture's website, the museum is a cultural and educational institution that is dedicated to preserving and displaying the history of African Americans and their contributions. ","The oral history interviews were done in 1992, twelve years after the museum's opening, in partnership with Virginia Tech University Libraries. According to the museum's website, the interviewees were elders in the Roanoke Valley community. Their interviews ranged from biographical to detailed recollections of the Black communities in the Roanoke Valley and their significance to the history of Roanoke. ","External Sources:","Harrison Museum of African American Culture,  https://harrisonmuseum.com/about/,  accessed on November 18, 2025.","The guide to the Hidden History: The Black Experience in the Roanoke Valley Cassette Tapes and Transcripts by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","These oral history interviews were taken in conjunction with the Harrison Museum of African American Culture. The museum itself contains a plethora of artifacts, manuscript collections, and exhibits about the history of African American life in the Roanoke Valley.","Oral history project designed to interview African American residents of the Roanoke Valley in Virginia. The interviews cover the African American cultural, social, and political history in the Valley. Collection consists of approximately fifty-five interviews. Transcripts are available for forty of the interviews.","This oral history project was an agreement between University Libraries and The Harrison Museum of African American Culture. Researchers should contact the appropriate organization for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Copyright restrictions may apply. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This oral history project was an agreement between University Libraries and The Harrison Museum of African American Culture. It contians oral history interviews with forty African American people from the Roanoke Valley. 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Researchers should contact the appropriate organization for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Copyright restrictions may apply. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was acquired by Special Collections and University Archives prior to 1992."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.5 Cubic Feet 10 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2.5 Cubic Feet 10 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1992],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe interview transcripts are arranged in alphabetical order by last name within each box. Box one contains forty oral history interview transcripts. Box two contains thirty-seven copies of those transcripts. Boxes three through ten contain the cassette tapes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The interview transcripts are arranged in alphabetical order by last name within each box. Box one contains forty oral history interview transcripts. Box two contains thirty-seven copies of those transcripts. Boxes three through ten contain the cassette tapes."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Harrison Museum of African American Culture first opened in 1985 in the Harrison School, a historically Black school in Roanoke, Virginia. The institution later relocated to downtown Roanoke in 2013, where it stood for twelve years before it moved once more to the Melrose Plaza Community Center in 2025. According to The Harrison Museum of African American Culture's website, the museum is a cultural and educational institution that is dedicated to preserving and displaying the history of African Americans and their contributions. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe oral history interviews were done in 1992, twelve years after the museum's opening, in partnership with Virginia Tech University Libraries. According to the museum's website, the interviewees were elders in the Roanoke Valley community. Their interviews ranged from biographical to detailed recollections of the Black communities in the Roanoke Valley and their significance to the history of Roanoke. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExternal Sources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHarrison Museum of African American Culture, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://harrisonmuseum.com/about/\"\u003ehttps://harrisonmuseum.com/about/,\u003c/a\u003e accessed on November 18, 2025.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Harrison Museum of African American Culture first opened in 1985 in the Harrison School, a historically Black school in Roanoke, Virginia. The institution later relocated to downtown Roanoke in 2013, where it stood for twelve years before it moved once more to the Melrose Plaza Community Center in 2025. According to The Harrison Museum of African American Culture's website, the museum is a cultural and educational institution that is dedicated to preserving and displaying the history of African Americans and their contributions. ","The oral history interviews were done in 1992, twelve years after the museum's opening, in partnership with Virginia Tech University Libraries. According to the museum's website, the interviewees were elders in the Roanoke Valley community. Their interviews ranged from biographical to detailed recollections of the Black communities in the Roanoke Valley and their significance to the history of Roanoke. ","External Sources:","Harrison Museum of African American Culture,  https://harrisonmuseum.com/about/,  accessed on November 18, 2025."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Hidden History: The Black Experience in the Roanoke Valley Cassette Tapes and Transcripts by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Hidden History: The Black Experience in the Roanoke Valley Cassette Tapes and Transcripts by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Hidden History: The Black Experience in the Roanoke Valley Cassette Tapes and Transcripts, Ms1992 049, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Hidden History: The Black Experience in the Roanoke Valley Cassette Tapes and Transcripts, Ms1992 049, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese oral history interviews were taken in conjunction with the Harrison Museum of African American Culture. The museum itself contains a plethora of artifacts, manuscript collections, and exhibits about the history of African American life in the Roanoke Valley.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["These oral history interviews were taken in conjunction with the Harrison Museum of African American Culture. The museum itself contains a plethora of artifacts, manuscript collections, and exhibits about the history of African American life in the Roanoke Valley."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOral history project designed to interview African American residents of the Roanoke Valley in Virginia. The interviews cover the African American cultural, social, and political history in the Valley. Collection consists of approximately fifty-five interviews. 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Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This oral history project was an agreement between University Libraries and The Harrison Museum of African American Culture. Researchers should contact the appropriate organization for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Copyright restrictions may apply. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f08e80823e5222e7dd7bf40194eee437\"\u003eThis oral history project was an agreement between University Libraries and The Harrison Museum of African American Culture. It contians oral history interviews with forty African American people from the Roanoke Valley. The interviews are mostly biographical in nature.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This oral history project was an agreement between University Libraries and The Harrison Museum of African American Culture. It contians oral history interviews with forty African American people from the Roanoke Valley. The interviews are mostly biographical in nature."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":193,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:00:25.796Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1923"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1625","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Independent Order of St. Luke Records","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1625#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Independent Order of St. Luke (Blacksburg, Va.)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1625#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The bulk of the materials in the Independent Order of St. Luke Records, a social-welfare organization for African Americans, consist of handbooks, correspondence, receipts, programs, membership records, annual reports, and assessment reports of the Order, collected primarily from members in Blacksburg, Virginia. Also includes the minutes (1920-1938) of the Blacksburg chapters of the Busy Bee and Maggie L. Walker (Secretary of the Independent Order of St. Luke) Circles.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1625#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1625","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1625","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1625","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1625","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1625.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Independent Order of St. Luke Records","title_ssm":["Independent Order of St. Luke Records"],"title_tesim":["Independent Order of St. Luke Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1877-1970"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1877-1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1988.121"],"text":["Ms.1988.121","Independent Order of St. Luke Records","Blacksburg (Va.)","African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","The collection is open to research.","The collection is organized into two series, Records and Oversize Materials, then arranged chronologically, with undated materials at the end.","The Right Worthy Grand Council Independent Order of St. Luke was established in 1867 by Mary Prout of Baltimore, Maryland. 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Additional work was completed in 2001.","The bulk of the materials in the Independent Order of St. Luke Records consist of handbooks, correspondence, receipts, programs, membership records, annual reports, and assessment reports of the Order, collected primarily from members in Blacksburg, Virginia. Also includes the minutes (1920-1938) of the Blacksburg chapters of the Busy Bee and Maggie L. Walker (Secretary of the Independent Order of St. Luke) Circles.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The bulk of the materials in the Independent Order of St. Luke Records, a social-welfare organization for African Americans, consist of handbooks, correspondence, receipts, programs, membership records, annual reports, and assessment reports of the Order, collected primarily from members in Blacksburg, Virginia. Also includes the minutes (1920-1938) of the Blacksburg chapters of the Busy Bee and Maggie L. Walker (Secretary of the Independent Order of St. Luke) Circles.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Independent Order of St. Luke (Blacksburg, Va.)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1988.121"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Independent Order of St. Luke Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Independent Order of St. Luke Records"],"collection_ssim":["Independent Order of St. Luke Records"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Independent Order of St. Luke (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Independent Order of St. Luke (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Independent Order of St. Luke (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Independent Order of St. Luke (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.1 Cubic Feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.1 Cubic Feet 3 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into two series, Records and Oversize Materials, then arranged chronologically, with undated materials at the end.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into two series, Records and Oversize Materials, then arranged chronologically, with undated materials at the end."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Right Worthy Grand Council Independent Order of St. Luke was established in 1867 by Mary Prout of Baltimore, Maryland. It was organized to \"promote the general welfare of society by uniting fraternally Negro persons of good moral character who are physically, morally, and socially acceptable, to educate and assist its members in thrift, to create and maintain funds out of which members...may receive benefits for themselves or their beneficiaries, [and] to provide death benefit protection to members\" (Rules and Regulations handbook, 1933).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Right Worthy Grand Council Independent Order of St. Luke was established in 1867 by Mary Prout of Baltimore, Maryland. It was organized to \"promote the general welfare of society by uniting fraternally Negro persons of good moral character who are physically, morally, and socially acceptable, to educate and assist its members in thrift, to create and maintain funds out of which members...may receive benefits for themselves or their beneficiaries, [and] to provide death benefit protection to members\" (Rules and Regulations handbook, 1933)."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Independent Order of St. Luke by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Independent Order of St. Luke by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Independent Order of St. Luke, Ms1988-121, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Independent Order of St. Luke, Ms1988-121, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Independent Order of St. Luke Records was completed in April 1991. Additional work was completed in 2001.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Independent Order of St. Luke Records was completed in April 1991. Additional work was completed in 2001."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the materials in the Independent Order of St. Luke Records consist of handbooks, correspondence, receipts, programs, membership records, annual reports, and assessment reports of the Order, collected primarily from members in Blacksburg, Virginia. Also includes the minutes (1920-1938) of the Blacksburg chapters of the Busy Bee and Maggie L. Walker (Secretary of the Independent Order of St. Luke) Circles.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The bulk of the materials in the Independent Order of St. Luke Records consist of handbooks, correspondence, receipts, programs, membership records, annual reports, and assessment reports of the Order, collected primarily from members in Blacksburg, Virginia. Also includes the minutes (1920-1938) of the Blacksburg chapters of the Busy Bee and Maggie L. Walker (Secretary of the Independent Order of St. Luke) Circles."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_6af03144e5944f141e38096dfdc143ab\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe bulk of the materials in the Independent Order of St. Luke Records, a social-welfare organization for African Americans, consist of handbooks, correspondence, receipts, programs, membership records, annual reports, and assessment reports of the Order, collected primarily from members in Blacksburg, Virginia. Also includes the minutes (1920-1938) of the Blacksburg chapters of the Busy Bee and Maggie L. Walker (Secretary of the Independent Order of St. Luke) Circles.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The bulk of the materials in the Independent Order of St. Luke Records, a social-welfare organization for African Americans, consist of handbooks, correspondence, receipts, programs, membership records, annual reports, and assessment reports of the Order, collected primarily from members in Blacksburg, Virginia. Also includes the minutes (1920-1938) of the Blacksburg chapters of the Busy Bee and Maggie L. Walker (Secretary of the Independent Order of St. Luke) Circles."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Independent Order of St. Luke (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Independent Order of St. Luke (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":46,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:41:13.163Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1625","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1625","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1625","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1625","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1625.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Independent Order of St. Luke Records","title_ssm":["Independent Order of St. Luke Records"],"title_tesim":["Independent Order of St. Luke Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1877-1970"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1877-1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1988.121"],"text":["Ms.1988.121","Independent Order of St. Luke Records","Blacksburg (Va.)","African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","The collection is open to research.","The collection is organized into two series, Records and Oversize Materials, then arranged chronologically, with undated materials at the end.","The Right Worthy Grand Council Independent Order of St. Luke was established in 1867 by Mary Prout of Baltimore, Maryland. 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Additional work was completed in 2001.","The bulk of the materials in the Independent Order of St. Luke Records consist of handbooks, correspondence, receipts, programs, membership records, annual reports, and assessment reports of the Order, collected primarily from members in Blacksburg, Virginia. Also includes the minutes (1920-1938) of the Blacksburg chapters of the Busy Bee and Maggie L. Walker (Secretary of the Independent Order of St. Luke) Circles.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The bulk of the materials in the Independent Order of St. Luke Records, a social-welfare organization for African Americans, consist of handbooks, correspondence, receipts, programs, membership records, annual reports, and assessment reports of the Order, collected primarily from members in Blacksburg, Virginia. Also includes the minutes (1920-1938) of the Blacksburg chapters of the Busy Bee and Maggie L. Walker (Secretary of the Independent Order of St. Luke) Circles.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Independent Order of St. Luke (Blacksburg, Va.)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1988.121"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Independent Order of St. Luke Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Independent Order of St. Luke Records"],"collection_ssim":["Independent Order of St. Luke Records"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Independent Order of St. Luke (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Independent Order of St. Luke (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Independent Order of St. Luke (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Independent Order of St. Luke (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.1 Cubic Feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.1 Cubic Feet 3 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into two series, Records and Oversize Materials, then arranged chronologically, with undated materials at the end.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into two series, Records and Oversize Materials, then arranged chronologically, with undated materials at the end."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Right Worthy Grand Council Independent Order of St. Luke was established in 1867 by Mary Prout of Baltimore, Maryland. It was organized to \"promote the general welfare of society by uniting fraternally Negro persons of good moral character who are physically, morally, and socially acceptable, to educate and assist its members in thrift, to create and maintain funds out of which members...may receive benefits for themselves or their beneficiaries, [and] to provide death benefit protection to members\" (Rules and Regulations handbook, 1933).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Right Worthy Grand Council Independent Order of St. Luke was established in 1867 by Mary Prout of Baltimore, Maryland. It was organized to \"promote the general welfare of society by uniting fraternally Negro persons of good moral character who are physically, morally, and socially acceptable, to educate and assist its members in thrift, to create and maintain funds out of which members...may receive benefits for themselves or their beneficiaries, [and] to provide death benefit protection to members\" (Rules and Regulations handbook, 1933)."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Independent Order of St. Luke by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Independent Order of St. Luke by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Independent Order of St. Luke, Ms1988-121, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Independent Order of St. Luke, Ms1988-121, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Independent Order of St. Luke Records was completed in April 1991. Additional work was completed in 2001.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Independent Order of St. Luke Records was completed in April 1991. Additional work was completed in 2001."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the materials in the Independent Order of St. Luke Records consist of handbooks, correspondence, receipts, programs, membership records, annual reports, and assessment reports of the Order, collected primarily from members in Blacksburg, Virginia. Also includes the minutes (1920-1938) of the Blacksburg chapters of the Busy Bee and Maggie L. Walker (Secretary of the Independent Order of St. Luke) Circles.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The bulk of the materials in the Independent Order of St. Luke Records consist of handbooks, correspondence, receipts, programs, membership records, annual reports, and assessment reports of the Order, collected primarily from members in Blacksburg, Virginia. Also includes the minutes (1920-1938) of the Blacksburg chapters of the Busy Bee and Maggie L. Walker (Secretary of the Independent Order of St. Luke) Circles."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_6af03144e5944f141e38096dfdc143ab\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe bulk of the materials in the Independent Order of St. Luke Records, a social-welfare organization for African Americans, consist of handbooks, correspondence, receipts, programs, membership records, annual reports, and assessment reports of the Order, collected primarily from members in Blacksburg, Virginia. Also includes the minutes (1920-1938) of the Blacksburg chapters of the Busy Bee and Maggie L. Walker (Secretary of the Independent Order of St. Luke) Circles.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The bulk of the materials in the Independent Order of St. Luke Records, a social-welfare organization for African Americans, consist of handbooks, correspondence, receipts, programs, membership records, annual reports, and assessment reports of the Order, collected primarily from members in Blacksburg, Virginia. Also includes the minutes (1920-1938) of the Blacksburg chapters of the Busy Bee and Maggie L. Walker (Secretary of the Independent Order of St. Luke) Circles."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Independent Order of St. Luke (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Independent Order of St. Luke (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":46,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:41:13.163Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1625"}},{"id":"vi_vi02484","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Isle of Wight County (Va.) Deeds, \n1741-1905","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02484#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Isle of Wight County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02484#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eIsle of Wight County (Va.) Deeds, 1741-1905 consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. Except for a few years early in the eighteenth century, slaves in Virginia were considered personal property and consequently were not usually sold by deed. However, they were often transferred in deeds of gift or were the property listed in mortgages and deeds of trust. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02484#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02484","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02484","_root_":"vi_vi02484","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02484","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02484.xml","title_ssm":["Isle of Wight County (Va.) Deeds, \n1741-1905"],"title_tesim":["Isle of Wight County (Va.) Deeds, \n1741-1905"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1045415, 1045417-1045420, 1156271, 1156272\n"],"text":["1045415, 1045417-1045420, 1156271, 1156272\n","Isle of Wight County (Va.) Deeds, \n1741-1905","African Americans -- History","Land subdivision -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County","Deeds -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County","Land records -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County","8 boxes","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological.\n","Isle of Wight County was most likely named for the Isle of Wight off the south coast of England.  It was first known as Warrosquyoake and was one of the eight shires established in 1634.  The present name was given in 1637.  Part of Nansemond County was added in 1769.\n","Deed Books and Indices to Deeds for Isle of Wight County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Additional Isle of Wight County Land Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Isle of Wight County (Va.) Deeds, 1741-1905 consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. Except for a few years early in the eighteenth century, slaves in Virginia were considered personal property and consequently were not usually sold by deed. However, they were often transferred in deeds of gift or were the property listed in mortgages and deeds of trust.\n","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","The collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves.","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Isle of Wight County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1045415, 1045417-1045420, 1156271, 1156272\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Isle of Wight County (Va.) Deeds, \n1741-1905"],"collection_title_tesim":["Isle of Wight County (Va.) Deeds, \n1741-1905"],"collection_ssim":["Isle of Wight County (Va.) Deeds, \n1741-1905"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Isle of Wight County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Isle of Wight County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court papers from Isle of Wight County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Land subdivision -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County","Deeds -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County","Land records -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Land subdivision -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County","Deeds -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County","Land records -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["8 boxes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIsle of Wight County was most likely named for the Isle of Wight off the south coast of England.  It was first known as Warrosquyoake and was one of the eight shires established in 1634.  The present name was given in 1637.  Part of Nansemond County was added in 1769.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Isle of Wight County was most likely named for the Isle of Wight off the south coast of England.  It was first known as Warrosquyoake and was one of the eight shires established in 1634.  The present name was given in 1637.  Part of Nansemond County was added in 1769.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIsle of Wight County (Va.) Deeds, 1741-1905. Local government records collection, Isle of Wight County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Isle of Wight County (Va.) Deeds, 1741-1905. Local government records collection, Isle of Wight County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDeed Books and Indices to Deeds for Isle of Wight County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA131\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Isle of Wight County Land Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA131\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Deed Books and Indices to Deeds for Isle of Wight County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Additional Isle of Wight County Land Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIsle of Wight County (Va.) Deeds, 1741-1905 consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. Except for a few years early in the eighteenth century, slaves in Virginia were considered personal property and consequently were not usually sold by deed. However, they were often transferred in deeds of gift or were the property listed in mortgages and deeds of trust.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Isle of Wight County (Va.) Deeds, 1741-1905 consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. Except for a few years early in the eighteenth century, slaves in Virginia were considered personal property and consequently were not usually sold by deed. However, they were often transferred in deeds of gift or were the property listed in mortgages and deeds of trust.\n","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","The collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Isle of Wight County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Isle of Wight County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T08:42:13.347Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02484","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02484","_root_":"vi_vi02484","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02484","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02484.xml","title_ssm":["Isle of Wight County (Va.) Deeds, \n1741-1905"],"title_tesim":["Isle of Wight County (Va.) Deeds, \n1741-1905"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1045415, 1045417-1045420, 1156271, 1156272\n"],"text":["1045415, 1045417-1045420, 1156271, 1156272\n","Isle of Wight County (Va.) Deeds, \n1741-1905","African Americans -- History","Land subdivision -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County","Deeds -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County","Land records -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- Isle of Wight County","8 boxes","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological.\n","Isle of Wight County was most likely named for the Isle of Wight off the south coast of England.  It was first known as Warrosquyoake and was one of the eight shires established in 1634.  The present name was given in 1637.  Part of Nansemond County was added in 1769.\n","Deed Books and Indices to Deeds for Isle of Wight County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Additional Isle of Wight County Land Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Isle of Wight County (Va.) Deeds, 1741-1905 consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. Except for a few years early in the eighteenth century, slaves in Virginia were considered personal property and consequently were not usually sold by deed. However, they were often transferred in deeds of gift or were the property listed in mortgages and deeds of trust.\n","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","The collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves.","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Isle of Wight County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1045415, 1045417-1045420, 1156271, 1156272\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Isle of Wight County (Va.) Deeds, \n1741-1905"],"collection_title_tesim":["Isle of Wight County (Va.) Deeds, \n1741-1905"],"collection_ssim":["Isle of Wight County (Va.) Deeds, \n1741-1905"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Isle of Wight County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Isle of Wight County (Va.) 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It was first known as Warrosquyoake and was one of the eight shires established in 1634.  The present name was given in 1637.  Part of Nansemond County was added in 1769.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Isle of Wight County was most likely named for the Isle of Wight off the south coast of England.  It was first known as Warrosquyoake and was one of the eight shires established in 1634.  The present name was given in 1637.  Part of Nansemond County was added in 1769.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIsle of Wight County (Va.) Deeds, 1741-1905. Local government records collection, Isle of Wight County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Isle of Wight County (Va.) Deeds, 1741-1905. Local government records collection, Isle of Wight County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDeed Books and Indices to Deeds for Isle of Wight County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA131\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Isle of Wight County Land Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA131\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Deed Books and Indices to Deeds for Isle of Wight County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Additional Isle of Wight County Land Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIsle of Wight County (Va.) Deeds, 1741-1905 consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. Except for a few years early in the eighteenth century, slaves in Virginia were considered personal property and consequently were not usually sold by deed. However, they were often transferred in deeds of gift or were the property listed in mortgages and deeds of trust.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Isle of Wight County (Va.) Deeds, 1741-1905 consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. Except for a few years early in the eighteenth century, slaves in Virginia were considered personal property and consequently were not usually sold by deed. However, they were often transferred in deeds of gift or were the property listed in mortgages and deeds of trust.\n","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","The collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Isle of Wight County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Isle of Wight County (Va.) 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Though Christopher Q. Tompkins, Foster's enslaver, served with the 22nd Virginia Infantry during the war, Foster found himself in the 36th Virginia, body servant to a young soldier in the regiment. By 1883, Foster was living in Richmond, Virginia. He may have been the same man as a driver named John Foster enumerated in the 1880 census living in Richmond, Virginia, with wife Virginia and daughters Hattie, Lucy, Ada, and Ida. By 1900, Virginia Foster was a widow in Richmond, living with children Ada, Ida, and Chris.","The guide to the Jack Foster Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing and description of the Jack Foster Letter commenced and was completed in April 2008.","Letters from Foster to Christopher Quarles Tompkins may be found in the  Tompkins Family Papers, Mss1 T5996 a,  at the Virginia Historical Society.","This collection contains an 1883 letter written by Jack Foster, a formerly enslaved person who served as a body servant in the 36th Virginia Infantry during the American Civil War. Foster writes to former Confederate General John McCausland, one-time commander of the 36th. After inquiring about the general's wellbeing, Foster mentions his family, then begins to reminiscence about his time in the general's camp. Foster mentions being at Camp Narrows (Giles County, Virginia) and being present when McCausland took command following the death of General Jenkins at \"Floyds Mountains\" [i.e., the Battle of Cloyd's Mountain, May 9, 1864]. Foster then proceeds to recollect a discussion between Jenkins and McCausland regarding battle strategy and the Confederate units present. He also recalls baking bread in the camp.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection includes a letter from Jack Foster, a formerly enslaved person and body servant in the 36th Virginia Infantry, to Confederate General John McCausland, reminiscing about the Battle of Cloyd's Mountain and his time in camp service during the American Civil War.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Foster, Jack","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2008.018"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jack Foster Letter"],"collection_title_tesim":["Jack Foster Letter"],"collection_ssim":["Jack Foster Letter"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Foster, Jack"],"creator_ssim":["Foster, Jack"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Foster, Jack"],"creators_ssim":["Foster, Jack"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Jack Foster Letter was purchased by Special Collections in 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1883],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis letter has been digitized and is \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/items/show/10490\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["This letter has been digitized and is  available online ."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAt the time of the American Civil War, Jack Foster was enslaved by the Tompkins family of Virginia. Though Christopher Q. Tompkins, Foster's enslaver, served with the 22nd Virginia Infantry during the war, Foster found himself in the 36th Virginia, body servant to a young soldier in the regiment. By 1883, Foster was living in Richmond, Virginia. He may have been the same man as a driver named John Foster enumerated in the 1880 census living in Richmond, Virginia, with wife Virginia and daughters Hattie, Lucy, Ada, and Ida. By 1900, Virginia Foster was a widow in Richmond, living with children Ada, Ida, and Chris.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["At the time of the American Civil War, Jack Foster was enslaved by the Tompkins family of Virginia. Though Christopher Q. Tompkins, Foster's enslaver, served with the 22nd Virginia Infantry during the war, Foster found himself in the 36th Virginia, body servant to a young soldier in the regiment. By 1883, Foster was living in Richmond, Virginia. He may have been the same man as a driver named John Foster enumerated in the 1880 census living in Richmond, Virginia, with wife Virginia and daughters Hattie, Lucy, Ada, and Ida. By 1900, Virginia Foster was a widow in Richmond, living with children Ada, Ida, and Chris."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Jack Foster Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Jack Foster Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Jack Foster Letter, Ms2008-018, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Jack Foster Letter, Ms2008-018, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and description of the Jack Foster Letter commenced and was completed in April 2008.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and description of the Jack Foster Letter commenced and was completed in April 2008."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters from Foster to Christopher Quarles Tompkins may be found in the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://librarycatalog.virginiahistory.org/final/Portal/Default.aspx?component=AAAAIY\u0026amp;record=f87da4c8-5a4c-46f3-af53-c72d9c775452\"\u003eTompkins Family Papers, Mss1 T5996 a,\u003c/a\u003e at the Virginia Historical Society.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Letters from Foster to Christopher Quarles Tompkins may be found in the  Tompkins Family Papers, Mss1 T5996 a,  at the Virginia Historical Society."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains an 1883 letter written by Jack Foster, a formerly enslaved person who served as a body servant in the 36th Virginia Infantry during the American Civil War. Foster writes to former Confederate General John McCausland, one-time commander of the 36th. After inquiring about the general's wellbeing, Foster mentions his family, then begins to reminiscence about his time in the general's camp. Foster mentions being at Camp Narrows (Giles County, Virginia) and being present when McCausland took command following the death of General Jenkins at \"Floyds Mountains\" [i.e., the Battle of Cloyd's Mountain, May 9, 1864]. Foster then proceeds to recollect a discussion between Jenkins and McCausland regarding battle strategy and the Confederate units present. He also recalls baking bread in the camp.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains an 1883 letter written by Jack Foster, a formerly enslaved person who served as a body servant in the 36th Virginia Infantry during the American Civil War. Foster writes to former Confederate General John McCausland, one-time commander of the 36th. After inquiring about the general's wellbeing, Foster mentions his family, then begins to reminiscence about his time in the general's camp. Foster mentions being at Camp Narrows (Giles County, Virginia) and being present when McCausland took command following the death of General Jenkins at \"Floyds Mountains\" [i.e., the Battle of Cloyd's Mountain, May 9, 1864]. Foster then proceeds to recollect a discussion between Jenkins and McCausland regarding battle strategy and the Confederate units present. He also recalls baking bread in the camp."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e58d688edc68c47494db54e5090ed8ab\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection includes a letter from Jack Foster, a formerly enslaved person and body servant in the 36th Virginia Infantry, to Confederate General John McCausland, reminiscing about the Battle of Cloyd's Mountain and his time in camp service during the American Civil War.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection includes a letter from Jack Foster, a formerly enslaved person and body servant in the 36th Virginia Infantry, to Confederate General John McCausland, reminiscing about the Battle of Cloyd's Mountain and his time in camp service during the American Civil War."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Foster, Jack"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Foster, Jack"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:09:26.287Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2339","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2339","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2339","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2339","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2339.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Foster, Jack, Letter","title_ssm":["Jack Foster Letter"],"title_tesim":["Jack Foster Letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["1883"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1883"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2008.018"],"text":["Ms.2008.018","Jack Foster Letter","African Americans -- History","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","The collection is open for research.","This letter has been digitized and is  available online .","At the time of the American Civil War, Jack Foster was enslaved by the Tompkins family of Virginia. Though Christopher Q. Tompkins, Foster's enslaver, served with the 22nd Virginia Infantry during the war, Foster found himself in the 36th Virginia, body servant to a young soldier in the regiment. By 1883, Foster was living in Richmond, Virginia. He may have been the same man as a driver named John Foster enumerated in the 1880 census living in Richmond, Virginia, with wife Virginia and daughters Hattie, Lucy, Ada, and Ida. By 1900, Virginia Foster was a widow in Richmond, living with children Ada, Ida, and Chris.","The guide to the Jack Foster Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing and description of the Jack Foster Letter commenced and was completed in April 2008.","Letters from Foster to Christopher Quarles Tompkins may be found in the  Tompkins Family Papers, Mss1 T5996 a,  at the Virginia Historical Society.","This collection contains an 1883 letter written by Jack Foster, a formerly enslaved person who served as a body servant in the 36th Virginia Infantry during the American Civil War. Foster writes to former Confederate General John McCausland, one-time commander of the 36th. After inquiring about the general's wellbeing, Foster mentions his family, then begins to reminiscence about his time in the general's camp. Foster mentions being at Camp Narrows (Giles County, Virginia) and being present when McCausland took command following the death of General Jenkins at \"Floyds Mountains\" [i.e., the Battle of Cloyd's Mountain, May 9, 1864]. Foster then proceeds to recollect a discussion between Jenkins and McCausland regarding battle strategy and the Confederate units present. He also recalls baking bread in the camp.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection includes a letter from Jack Foster, a formerly enslaved person and body servant in the 36th Virginia Infantry, to Confederate General John McCausland, reminiscing about the Battle of Cloyd's Mountain and his time in camp service during the American Civil War.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Foster, Jack","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2008.018"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jack Foster Letter"],"collection_title_tesim":["Jack Foster Letter"],"collection_ssim":["Jack Foster Letter"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Foster, Jack"],"creator_ssim":["Foster, Jack"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Foster, Jack"],"creators_ssim":["Foster, Jack"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Jack Foster Letter was purchased by Special Collections in 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1883],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis letter has been digitized and is \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/items/show/10490\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["This letter has been digitized and is  available online ."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAt the time of the American Civil War, Jack Foster was enslaved by the Tompkins family of Virginia. Though Christopher Q. Tompkins, Foster's enslaver, served with the 22nd Virginia Infantry during the war, Foster found himself in the 36th Virginia, body servant to a young soldier in the regiment. By 1883, Foster was living in Richmond, Virginia. He may have been the same man as a driver named John Foster enumerated in the 1880 census living in Richmond, Virginia, with wife Virginia and daughters Hattie, Lucy, Ada, and Ida. By 1900, Virginia Foster was a widow in Richmond, living with children Ada, Ida, and Chris.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["At the time of the American Civil War, Jack Foster was enslaved by the Tompkins family of Virginia. Though Christopher Q. Tompkins, Foster's enslaver, served with the 22nd Virginia Infantry during the war, Foster found himself in the 36th Virginia, body servant to a young soldier in the regiment. By 1883, Foster was living in Richmond, Virginia. He may have been the same man as a driver named John Foster enumerated in the 1880 census living in Richmond, Virginia, with wife Virginia and daughters Hattie, Lucy, Ada, and Ida. By 1900, Virginia Foster was a widow in Richmond, living with children Ada, Ida, and Chris."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Jack Foster Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Jack Foster Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Jack Foster Letter, Ms2008-018, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Jack Foster Letter, Ms2008-018, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and description of the Jack Foster Letter commenced and was completed in April 2008.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and description of the Jack Foster Letter commenced and was completed in April 2008."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters from Foster to Christopher Quarles Tompkins may be found in the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://librarycatalog.virginiahistory.org/final/Portal/Default.aspx?component=AAAAIY\u0026amp;record=f87da4c8-5a4c-46f3-af53-c72d9c775452\"\u003eTompkins Family Papers, Mss1 T5996 a,\u003c/a\u003e at the Virginia Historical Society.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Letters from Foster to Christopher Quarles Tompkins may be found in the  Tompkins Family Papers, Mss1 T5996 a,  at the Virginia Historical Society."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains an 1883 letter written by Jack Foster, a formerly enslaved person who served as a body servant in the 36th Virginia Infantry during the American Civil War. Foster writes to former Confederate General John McCausland, one-time commander of the 36th. After inquiring about the general's wellbeing, Foster mentions his family, then begins to reminiscence about his time in the general's camp. Foster mentions being at Camp Narrows (Giles County, Virginia) and being present when McCausland took command following the death of General Jenkins at \"Floyds Mountains\" [i.e., the Battle of Cloyd's Mountain, May 9, 1864]. Foster then proceeds to recollect a discussion between Jenkins and McCausland regarding battle strategy and the Confederate units present. He also recalls baking bread in the camp.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains an 1883 letter written by Jack Foster, a formerly enslaved person who served as a body servant in the 36th Virginia Infantry during the American Civil War. Foster writes to former Confederate General John McCausland, one-time commander of the 36th. After inquiring about the general's wellbeing, Foster mentions his family, then begins to reminiscence about his time in the general's camp. Foster mentions being at Camp Narrows (Giles County, Virginia) and being present when McCausland took command following the death of General Jenkins at \"Floyds Mountains\" [i.e., the Battle of Cloyd's Mountain, May 9, 1864]. Foster then proceeds to recollect a discussion between Jenkins and McCausland regarding battle strategy and the Confederate units present. He also recalls baking bread in the camp."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e58d688edc68c47494db54e5090ed8ab\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection includes a letter from Jack Foster, a formerly enslaved person and body servant in the 36th Virginia Infantry, to Confederate General John McCausland, reminiscing about the Battle of Cloyd's Mountain and his time in camp service during the American Civil War.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection includes a letter from Jack Foster, a formerly enslaved person and body servant in the 36th Virginia Infantry, to Confederate General John McCausland, reminiscing about the Battle of Cloyd's Mountain and his time in camp service during the American Civil War."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Foster, Jack"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Foster, Jack"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:09:26.287Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2339"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3414","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Jacob Sherman Legal Documents","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3414#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Sherman, Jacob, b. 1781","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3414#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Jacob Sherman Legal Documents contain a complaint of Jacob Sherman and the testimony of Burgess R. Linkous regarding the sale of an enslaved person in Western Virginia in 1858.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3414#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3414","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3414","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3414","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3414","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3414.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Sherman, Jacob Legal Documents","title_ssm":["Jacob Sherman Legal Documents"],"title_tesim":["Jacob Sherman Legal Documents"],"unitdate_ssm":["1858"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1858"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2019.027"],"text":["Ms.2019.027","Jacob Sherman Legal Documents","Montgomery County (Va.)","African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","The collection is open for research.","Jacob Sherman was born in 1781. He was a farmer living in District 21 of Pulaski County, Virginia. ","Lynch Alexander Currin [1812-1871] was born near Newbern which was then a part of Montgomery County. He was the son of Captain William Currin and Rhoda Charlton, and married Elizabeth Nye Haller in August 1839. He served as Deputy Clerk of the Circuit Court of Pulaski County from 1839-1846 and as Clerk from 1846-64. ","Andrew Steele Fulton [1800-1884] was a congressman, lawyer and judge from from Waynesboro, Virginia. He was admitted to the bar in 1825, became a member of the Virginia House of Delegates in 1840 and 1845, became prosecuting attorney of Wythe County Virginia in 1846 and was elected a Whig to the U.S. House of Representatives that same year, serving from 1847-1849. He continued practicing law when the term ran out and later was appointed Judge of the Fifteenth Judicial Circuit and served from 1852-1869. ","Edward Hower Kinzer [1831-1866] was the son of George Kinzer [1801-1877], fellow defendant. At the time of his death Edward was living in Nebraska.","The guide to the Jacob Sherman Legal Documents by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Jacob Sherman Legal Documents was completed in June 2019.","The Jacob Sherman Legal Documents contain a complaint of Jacob Sherman and the testimony of Burgess R. Linkous regarding the sale of an enslaved person in Western Virginia in 1858.","The complaint of Jacob Sherman in the circuit court of Pulaski County, Virginia, against Edward H. Kinzer and Burgess Linkous, brings a case for the return of an enslaved woman and several of her children who were fraudulently purchased and sold off without his permission by the two men while he was recuperating from grievous injuries to his body and mind. The complaint is addressed to the Honorable Andrew S. Fulton, judge of the circuit court of Pulaski County, Virginia. The complaint was transcribed by Lynch S. Currin, clerk. ","Permission to publish material from the Jacob Sherman Legal Documents must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","The Jacob Sherman Legal Documents contain a complaint of Jacob Sherman and the testimony of Burgess R. Linkous regarding the sale of an enslaved person in Western Virginia in 1858.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Sherman, Jacob, b. 1781","Linkous, Burgess Riley, 1827-1902","Currin, Lynch Alexander, 1812-1871","Fulton, Andrew Steele, 1800-1884","Kinzer, Edward Hower, 1831-1866","Materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2019.027"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jacob Sherman Legal Documents"],"collection_title_tesim":["Jacob Sherman Legal Documents"],"collection_ssim":["Jacob Sherman Legal Documents"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Montgomery County (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Montgomery County (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Sherman, Jacob, b. 1781","Linkous, Burgess Riley, 1827-1902"],"creator_ssim":["Sherman, Jacob, b. 1781","Linkous, Burgess Riley, 1827-1902"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Sherman, Jacob, b. 1781","Linkous, Burgess Riley, 1827-1902"],"creators_ssim":["Sherman, Jacob, b. 1781","Linkous, Burgess Riley, 1827-1902"],"places_ssim":["Montgomery County (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from the Jacob Sherman Legal Documents must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Jacob Sherman Legal Documents was purchased by Special Collections in two parts in May 2017 and April 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1858],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJacob Sherman was born in 1781. He was a farmer living in District 21 of Pulaski County, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLynch Alexander Currin [1812-1871] was born near Newbern which was then a part of Montgomery County. He was the son of Captain William Currin and Rhoda Charlton, and married Elizabeth Nye Haller in August 1839. He served as Deputy Clerk of the Circuit Court of Pulaski County from 1839-1846 and as Clerk from 1846-64. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAndrew Steele Fulton [1800-1884] was a congressman, lawyer and judge from from Waynesboro, Virginia. He was admitted to the bar in 1825, became a member of the Virginia House of Delegates in 1840 and 1845, became prosecuting attorney of Wythe County Virginia in 1846 and was elected a Whig to the U.S. House of Representatives that same year, serving from 1847-1849. He continued practicing law when the term ran out and later was appointed Judge of the Fifteenth Judicial Circuit and served from 1852-1869. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEdward Hower Kinzer [1831-1866] was the son of George Kinzer [1801-1877], fellow defendant. At the time of his death Edward was living in Nebraska.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Jacob Sherman was born in 1781. He was a farmer living in District 21 of Pulaski County, Virginia. ","Lynch Alexander Currin [1812-1871] was born near Newbern which was then a part of Montgomery County. He was the son of Captain William Currin and Rhoda Charlton, and married Elizabeth Nye Haller in August 1839. He served as Deputy Clerk of the Circuit Court of Pulaski County from 1839-1846 and as Clerk from 1846-64. ","Andrew Steele Fulton [1800-1884] was a congressman, lawyer and judge from from Waynesboro, Virginia. He was admitted to the bar in 1825, became a member of the Virginia House of Delegates in 1840 and 1845, became prosecuting attorney of Wythe County Virginia in 1846 and was elected a Whig to the U.S. House of Representatives that same year, serving from 1847-1849. He continued practicing law when the term ran out and later was appointed Judge of the Fifteenth Judicial Circuit and served from 1852-1869. ","Edward Hower Kinzer [1831-1866] was the son of George Kinzer [1801-1877], fellow defendant. At the time of his death Edward was living in Nebraska."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Jacob Sherman Legal Documents by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statements for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Jacob Sherman Legal Documents by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Jacob Sherman Legal Documents, Ms2019-027, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Jacob Sherman Legal Documents, Ms2019-027, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Jacob Sherman Legal Documents was completed in June 2019.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Jacob Sherman Legal Documents was completed in June 2019."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Jacob Sherman Legal Documents contain a complaint of Jacob Sherman and the testimony of Burgess R. Linkous regarding the sale of an enslaved person in Western Virginia in 1858.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe complaint of Jacob Sherman in the circuit court of Pulaski County, Virginia, against Edward H. Kinzer and Burgess Linkous, brings a case for the return of an enslaved woman and several of her children who were fraudulently purchased and sold off without his permission by the two men while he was recuperating from grievous injuries to his body and mind. The complaint is addressed to the Honorable Andrew S. Fulton, judge of the circuit court of Pulaski County, Virginia. The complaint was transcribed by Lynch S. Currin, clerk. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Jacob Sherman Legal Documents contain a complaint of Jacob Sherman and the testimony of Burgess R. 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"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from the Jacob Sherman Legal Documents must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from the Jacob Sherman Legal Documents must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5635c51a0e9bcf5c93bdf9be197264f3\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Jacob Sherman Legal Documents contain a complaint of Jacob Sherman and the testimony of Burgess R. Linkous regarding the sale of an enslaved person in Western Virginia in 1858.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Jacob Sherman Legal Documents contain a complaint of Jacob Sherman and the testimony of Burgess R. Linkous regarding the sale of an enslaved person in Western Virginia in 1858."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Sherman, Jacob, b. 1781","Linkous, Burgess Riley, 1827-1902","Currin, Lynch Alexander, 1812-1871","Fulton, Andrew Steele, 1800-1884","Kinzer, Edward Hower, 1831-1866"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Currin, Lynch Alexander, 1812-1871","Fulton, Andrew Steele, 1800-1884","Kinzer, Edward Hower, 1831-1866"],"persname_ssim":["Sherman, Jacob, b. 1781","Linkous, Burgess Riley, 1827-1902","Currin, Lynch Alexander, 1812-1871","Fulton, Andrew Steele, 1800-1884","Kinzer, Edward Hower, 1831-1866"],"language_ssim":["Materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:25:59.576Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3414","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3414","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3414","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3414","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3414.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Sherman, Jacob Legal Documents","title_ssm":["Jacob Sherman Legal Documents"],"title_tesim":["Jacob Sherman Legal Documents"],"unitdate_ssm":["1858"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1858"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2019.027"],"text":["Ms.2019.027","Jacob Sherman Legal Documents","Montgomery County (Va.)","African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","The collection is open for research.","Jacob Sherman was born in 1781. He was a farmer living in District 21 of Pulaski County, Virginia. ","Lynch Alexander Currin [1812-1871] was born near Newbern which was then a part of Montgomery County. He was the son of Captain William Currin and Rhoda Charlton, and married Elizabeth Nye Haller in August 1839. He served as Deputy Clerk of the Circuit Court of Pulaski County from 1839-1846 and as Clerk from 1846-64. ","Andrew Steele Fulton [1800-1884] was a congressman, lawyer and judge from from Waynesboro, Virginia. He was admitted to the bar in 1825, became a member of the Virginia House of Delegates in 1840 and 1845, became prosecuting attorney of Wythe County Virginia in 1846 and was elected a Whig to the U.S. House of Representatives that same year, serving from 1847-1849. He continued practicing law when the term ran out and later was appointed Judge of the Fifteenth Judicial Circuit and served from 1852-1869. ","Edward Hower Kinzer [1831-1866] was the son of George Kinzer [1801-1877], fellow defendant. At the time of his death Edward was living in Nebraska.","The guide to the Jacob Sherman Legal Documents by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Jacob Sherman Legal Documents was completed in June 2019.","The Jacob Sherman Legal Documents contain a complaint of Jacob Sherman and the testimony of Burgess R. Linkous regarding the sale of an enslaved person in Western Virginia in 1858.","The complaint of Jacob Sherman in the circuit court of Pulaski County, Virginia, against Edward H. Kinzer and Burgess Linkous, brings a case for the return of an enslaved woman and several of her children who were fraudulently purchased and sold off without his permission by the two men while he was recuperating from grievous injuries to his body and mind. The complaint is addressed to the Honorable Andrew S. Fulton, judge of the circuit court of Pulaski County, Virginia. The complaint was transcribed by Lynch S. Currin, clerk. ","Permission to publish material from the Jacob Sherman Legal Documents must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","The Jacob Sherman Legal Documents contain a complaint of Jacob Sherman and the testimony of Burgess R. Linkous regarding the sale of an enslaved person in Western Virginia in 1858.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Sherman, Jacob, b. 1781","Linkous, Burgess Riley, 1827-1902","Currin, Lynch Alexander, 1812-1871","Fulton, Andrew Steele, 1800-1884","Kinzer, Edward Hower, 1831-1866","Materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2019.027"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jacob Sherman Legal Documents"],"collection_title_tesim":["Jacob Sherman Legal Documents"],"collection_ssim":["Jacob Sherman Legal Documents"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Montgomery County (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Montgomery County (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Sherman, Jacob, b. 1781","Linkous, Burgess Riley, 1827-1902"],"creator_ssim":["Sherman, Jacob, b. 1781","Linkous, Burgess Riley, 1827-1902"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Sherman, Jacob, b. 1781","Linkous, Burgess Riley, 1827-1902"],"creators_ssim":["Sherman, Jacob, b. 1781","Linkous, Burgess Riley, 1827-1902"],"places_ssim":["Montgomery County (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from the Jacob Sherman Legal Documents must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Jacob Sherman Legal Documents was purchased by Special Collections in two parts in May 2017 and April 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1858],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJacob Sherman was born in 1781. He was a farmer living in District 21 of Pulaski County, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLynch Alexander Currin [1812-1871] was born near Newbern which was then a part of Montgomery County. He was the son of Captain William Currin and Rhoda Charlton, and married Elizabeth Nye Haller in August 1839. He served as Deputy Clerk of the Circuit Court of Pulaski County from 1839-1846 and as Clerk from 1846-64. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAndrew Steele Fulton [1800-1884] was a congressman, lawyer and judge from from Waynesboro, Virginia. He was admitted to the bar in 1825, became a member of the Virginia House of Delegates in 1840 and 1845, became prosecuting attorney of Wythe County Virginia in 1846 and was elected a Whig to the U.S. House of Representatives that same year, serving from 1847-1849. He continued practicing law when the term ran out and later was appointed Judge of the Fifteenth Judicial Circuit and served from 1852-1869. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEdward Hower Kinzer [1831-1866] was the son of George Kinzer [1801-1877], fellow defendant. At the time of his death Edward was living in Nebraska.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Jacob Sherman was born in 1781. He was a farmer living in District 21 of Pulaski County, Virginia. ","Lynch Alexander Currin [1812-1871] was born near Newbern which was then a part of Montgomery County. He was the son of Captain William Currin and Rhoda Charlton, and married Elizabeth Nye Haller in August 1839. He served as Deputy Clerk of the Circuit Court of Pulaski County from 1839-1846 and as Clerk from 1846-64. ","Andrew Steele Fulton [1800-1884] was a congressman, lawyer and judge from from Waynesboro, Virginia. He was admitted to the bar in 1825, became a member of the Virginia House of Delegates in 1840 and 1845, became prosecuting attorney of Wythe County Virginia in 1846 and was elected a Whig to the U.S. House of Representatives that same year, serving from 1847-1849. He continued practicing law when the term ran out and later was appointed Judge of the Fifteenth Judicial Circuit and served from 1852-1869. ","Edward Hower Kinzer [1831-1866] was the son of George Kinzer [1801-1877], fellow defendant. At the time of his death Edward was living in Nebraska."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Jacob Sherman Legal Documents by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statements for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Jacob Sherman Legal Documents by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Jacob Sherman Legal Documents, Ms2019-027, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Jacob Sherman Legal Documents, Ms2019-027, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Jacob Sherman Legal Documents was completed in June 2019.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Jacob Sherman Legal Documents was completed in June 2019."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Jacob Sherman Legal Documents contain a complaint of Jacob Sherman and the testimony of Burgess R. Linkous regarding the sale of an enslaved person in Western Virginia in 1858.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe complaint of Jacob Sherman in the circuit court of Pulaski County, Virginia, against Edward H. Kinzer and Burgess Linkous, brings a case for the return of an enslaved woman and several of her children who were fraudulently purchased and sold off without his permission by the two men while he was recuperating from grievous injuries to his body and mind. The complaint is addressed to the Honorable Andrew S. Fulton, judge of the circuit court of Pulaski County, Virginia. The complaint was transcribed by Lynch S. Currin, clerk. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Jacob Sherman Legal Documents contain a complaint of Jacob Sherman and the testimony of Burgess R. Linkous regarding the sale of an enslaved person in Western Virginia in 1858.","The complaint of Jacob Sherman in the circuit court of Pulaski County, Virginia, against Edward H. Kinzer and Burgess Linkous, brings a case for the return of an enslaved woman and several of her children who were fraudulently purchased and sold off without his permission by the two men while he was recuperating from grievous injuries to his body and mind. The complaint is addressed to the Honorable Andrew S. Fulton, judge of the circuit court of Pulaski County, Virginia. The complaint was transcribed by Lynch S. Currin, clerk. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from the Jacob Sherman Legal Documents must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from the Jacob Sherman Legal Documents must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5635c51a0e9bcf5c93bdf9be197264f3\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Jacob Sherman Legal Documents contain a complaint of Jacob Sherman and the testimony of Burgess R. Linkous regarding the sale of an enslaved person in Western Virginia in 1858.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Jacob Sherman Legal Documents contain a complaint of Jacob Sherman and the testimony of Burgess R. Linkous regarding the sale of an enslaved person in Western Virginia in 1858."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Sherman, Jacob, b. 1781","Linkous, Burgess Riley, 1827-1902","Currin, Lynch Alexander, 1812-1871","Fulton, Andrew Steele, 1800-1884","Kinzer, Edward Hower, 1831-1866"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Currin, Lynch Alexander, 1812-1871","Fulton, Andrew Steele, 1800-1884","Kinzer, Edward Hower, 1831-1866"],"persname_ssim":["Sherman, Jacob, b. 1781","Linkous, Burgess Riley, 1827-1902","Currin, Lynch Alexander, 1812-1871","Fulton, Andrew Steele, 1800-1884","Kinzer, Edward Hower, 1831-1866"],"language_ssim":["Materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:25:59.576Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3414"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2655","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Jeffrey T. Wilson Diaries","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2655#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Wilson, Jeffrey Thomas, 1843-1929","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2655#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection consists of two diaries (1913, 1928) written by Jeffrey T. Wilson (1843-1929). Wilson was a former enslaved person who spent most of his life in and around Portsmouth and Norfolk, Virginia. He worked as a bailiff in the Norfolk courts after leaving the U. S. Navy and wrote a column, \"Colored Notes,\" for \u003cem\u003eThe Portsmouth Star \u003c/em\u003efrom 1924 until his death in 1929. He outlived four wives and had at least twelve children. Wilson's diaries include entries on a range of topics from local news and politics, race issues in the South, and much of his personal history. The 1913 diary contains extra pages on which Wilson recorded events from that date in the past (i.e. \"Fifty one years ago today...\").","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2655#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2655","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2655","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2655","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2655","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2655.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Wilson, Jeffrey T., Diaries","title_ssm":["Jeffrey T. Wilson Diaries"],"title_tesim":["Jeffrey T. Wilson Diaries"],"unitdate_ssm":["1913, 1928"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1913, 1928"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2011.015"],"text":["Ms.2011.015","Jeffrey T. Wilson Diaries","African Americans -- History","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History","Diaries","The collection is open for research.","The 1913 diary has been digitized and is  available online . In addition, the 1913 diary is the subject of a  digital exhibit  and SCUA blog post,  \"A New Look at the Diary of Jeffrey Wilson\"  by Adrienne Serra.","Jeffrey Thomas Wilson was born in Portsmouth, Virginia, in 1843. There is uncertainty about the enslavement of his mother at the time of his birth and conflicting accounts, but Wilson appears to have been enslaved by the Charles A. Grice family, who he lived with beginning in 1853. Prior to then, he was living with his mother and stepfather (Moses Taylor?). According to his obituary, he learned to read and write in secret. Based on his diary, he was the body servant of A[lexander]. P. Grice, likely the son of his enslaver, who served with Company A, Cohoon's Battalion, Virginia Infantry, at least during a part of 1862. In 1866, after being freed, Wilson enlisted and went to Europe with the U.S. Navy. When he returned home, he lived in the house he inherited from his mother. Wilson worked at the Portsmouth Navy Yard, as a laborer, and as a bailiff for the Federal Court at Norfolk. In his later years, from 1924 until his death in 1929, he wrote a column called \"Colored Notes\" for  The Portsmouth Star . The column included social news, Wilson's political views, and issues of race relations--all themes that occur throughout his diaries. Wilson was active in the Emmanuel AME Church in Portsmouth, where he taught Sunday school. In June of 1929, Wilson was hit by a car. He died at his son's home, two months later, on August 25, 1929.","Prior to 1871, Wilson married his first wife, Imogene (also recorded as Emma J.) (1854-1882). They had at least seven children before her death: Joseph (b. 1871), Emily O. (1873-1881) (recorded as Emma on the census and once in Wilson's diary as Mary Emily Orphelia), Jeffrey Thomas, Jr. (b. abt. 1875), Mary Jane (b. 1876), Allen (b. abt. 1877), Margaret (b. abt. 1879), and Frank (b. 1881). His second wife was likely Laura Frances, as included on a list of \"Colored Births, City of Portsmouth, 1857-1896. They had at least one child: Laura Frances (b. 1893). Information about Wilson's third wife was not found. Wilson's fourth wife was Blanche Blake, a woman many years his junior. They had at least four children: Wendell (b. 1912), Blanche (b. abt. 1915), Mary (b. abt. 1918), and Clyde Lorraine. Wilson was 75 when the youngest of his children was born. When he died at age 86, he had outlived four wives. At least six of his children were still alive. ","Other Resources:"," The African-American Historical Society of Portsmouth, Virginia, has a brief article on Wilson's \"Colored Notes\" column available  online .  Jeffrey T. Wilson was the subject of a research project by a Norfolk State University student in 2004. Research from the project, including a transcript of Wilson's obituary, can be viewed    online . ","The guide to the Jeffrey T. Wilson Diaries by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Jeffrey T. Wilson Diaries was completed in February 2012, following the return of the 1913 diary from a conservator.","The collection consists of two diaries written by Jeffery T. Wilson, one from 1913 and one from 1928. Diary entries cover a range of topics from the daily life and health of Wilson and his family, to his opinions on race, race relations, politics (especially in and around Portsmouth and Norfolk, Virginia), segregation and the Jim Crow South, and religion (many entries begin with biblical quotations). ","Entries for the 1913 diary were kept in a Wanamaker's Diary (produced by the department store chain) actually designed for 1911. As a result, Wilson has hand-corrected the days of the week throughout to reflect 1913. The diary includes advertisements, as well as a history of the Wanamaker stores. A map of the store locations in New York City was removed from the diary during preservation, but is included in the collection as a separate item.","In addition to the entries recorded (two to a page), throughout the year, Wilson attached additional pages to continue writing. Many of these consists of reminiscences of his life in previous years on topics from the Civil War, his service in the U. S. Navy, segregation and race issues in Portsmouth and Norfolk, and local news. He also writes of daily events: his family's health, church events, the weather, and his frequent concerns about money. Several entries from the 1913 diary are quoted below:","Forty seven years ago the colored folks of Norfolk and Portsmouth celebrated the passage of the \"Civil Rights Bill\" by Congress and we all gathered in the city of Norfolk. had a big parade of civic societies, and discharge colored soldiers speaking out on the suburbs. The poor whites \"sicked on\" doubtless, by the upper class, interfied with us. tried to break us up. a riot ensued and several whites were killed. I was unhurt. Who killed the parties was never known. but several colored men left the city for fear of arrest. and have never returned. (April 2, 1913)","Fifty one years ago I was a body servant for A. P. Grice, who was an officer in Cohoon's Battalion C.S.A. encamped on \"Dunn's Hill,\" near Petersburg. I had just been released from the Richmond City Jail. Where I had been confined two months. held as a witness in a murder case and that kept me out of the U. S. Army. Where probably I would have been killed or wounded.  (May 13, 1913)","Wife bought a bed for Wendell. and he went to sleep in it. It seems as if I am to be the daddy of babes all my life from present indications. Well, if the Lord says so his Will be done not mine-- (July 28, 1913)  \n[Wilson and his wife, Blanche, would go on to have three more children, the last born when Wilson was 75 years old.]","Thirty eight years ago my brother and me met for the last time and as far as I know he is yet alive. Robt I mean, he is 72 years old. (October 1, 1913)","A womans life is of very little value in Norfolk even if she is white and a wife. (October 14, 1913)","Jeffrey Wilson's second diary was kept in a Regal Date book for 1928. His entries are somewhat shorter, though each still begins with a biblical quotations. He still appears to have worked at least part time as a bailiff in Norfolk, as he frequently writes \"Court\" or \"at court.\" Most of the content, however is focused on local and national news, his role at the AME Emmanuel Church and attending services, and his own family. He notes almost daily that his \"gals,\" likely his two youngest daughters Blanche and Mary, are well. ","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection consists of two diaries (1913, 1928) written by Jeffrey T. Wilson (1843-1929). Wilson was a former enslaved person who spent most of his life in and around Portsmouth and Norfolk, Virginia. He worked as a bailiff in the Norfolk courts after leaving the U. S. Navy and wrote a column, \"Colored Notes,\" for  The Portsmouth Star  from 1924 until his death in 1929. He outlived four wives and had at least twelve children. Wilson's diaries include entries on a range of topics from local news and politics, race issues in the South, and much of his personal history. The 1913 diary contains extra pages on which Wilson recorded events from that date in the past (i.e. \"Fifty one years ago today...\").","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Wilson, Jeffrey Thomas, 1843-1929","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2011.015"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jeffrey T. Wilson Diaries"],"collection_title_tesim":["Jeffrey T. Wilson Diaries"],"collection_ssim":["Jeffrey T. Wilson Diaries"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Wilson, Jeffrey Thomas, 1843-1929"],"creator_ssim":["Wilson, Jeffrey Thomas, 1843-1929"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wilson, Jeffrey Thomas, 1843-1929"],"creators_ssim":["Wilson, Jeffrey Thomas, 1843-1929"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Jeffrey T. Wilson Diaries were purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in February 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History","Diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History","Diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe 1913 diary has been digitized and is \u003ca show=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Appalachia/Ms2011-015\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/a\u003e. In addition, the 1913 diary is the subject of a \u003ca href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/exhibits/show/wilsondiary\"\u003edigital exhibit\u003c/a\u003e and SCUA blog post, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://scuablog.lib.vt.edu/2014/11/14/a-new-look-at-the-diary-of-jeffrey-wilson/\"\u003e\"A New Look at the Diary of Jeffrey Wilson\"\u003c/a\u003e by Adrienne Serra.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["The 1913 diary has been digitized and is  available online . In addition, the 1913 diary is the subject of a  digital exhibit  and SCUA blog post,  \"A New Look at the Diary of Jeffrey Wilson\"  by Adrienne Serra."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJeffrey Thomas Wilson was born in Portsmouth, Virginia, in 1843. There is uncertainty about the enslavement of his mother at the time of his birth and conflicting accounts, but Wilson appears to have been enslaved by the Charles A. Grice family, who he lived with beginning in 1853. Prior to then, he was living with his mother and stepfather (Moses Taylor?). According to his obituary, he learned to read and write in secret. Based on his diary, he was the body servant of A[lexander]. P. Grice, likely the son of his enslaver, who served with Company A, Cohoon's Battalion, Virginia Infantry, at least during a part of 1862. In 1866, after being freed, Wilson enlisted and went to Europe with the U.S. Navy. When he returned home, he lived in the house he inherited from his mother. Wilson worked at the Portsmouth Navy Yard, as a laborer, and as a bailiff for the Federal Court at Norfolk. In his later years, from 1924 until his death in 1929, he wrote a column called \"Colored Notes\" for \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Portsmouth Star\u003c/title\u003e. The column included social news, Wilson's political views, and issues of race relations--all themes that occur throughout his diaries. Wilson was active in the Emmanuel AME Church in Portsmouth, where he taught Sunday school. In June of 1929, Wilson was hit by a car. He died at his son's home, two months later, on August 25, 1929.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePrior to 1871, Wilson married his first wife, Imogene (also recorded as Emma J.) (1854-1882). They had at least seven children before her death: Joseph (b. 1871), Emily O. (1873-1881) (recorded as Emma on the census and once in Wilson's diary as Mary Emily Orphelia), Jeffrey Thomas, Jr. (b. abt. 1875), Mary Jane (b. 1876), Allen (b. abt. 1877), Margaret (b. abt. 1879), and Frank (b. 1881). His second wife was likely Laura Frances, as included on a list of \"Colored Births, City of Portsmouth, 1857-1896. They had at least one child: Laura Frances (b. 1893). Information about Wilson's third wife was not found. Wilson's fourth wife was Blanche Blake, a woman many years his junior. They had at least four children: Wendell (b. 1912), Blanche (b. abt. 1915), Mary (b. abt. 1918), and Clyde Lorraine. Wilson was 75 when the youngest of his children was born. When he died at age 86, he had outlived four wives. At least six of his children were still alive. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther Resources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e The African-American Historical Society of Portsmouth, Virginia, has a brief article on Wilson's \"Colored Notes\" column available \u003ca title=\"online\" href=\"http://www.blackhistoryportsmouth.org/colorednotes.htm\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eJeffrey T. Wilson was the subject of a research project by a Norfolk State University student in 2004. Research from the project, including a transcript of Wilson's obituary, can be viewed   \u003ca title=\"online\" href=\"http://www.racetimeplace.com/497Projects/2003students/carlos/Menu%20Page.html\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Jeffrey Thomas Wilson was born in Portsmouth, Virginia, in 1843. There is uncertainty about the enslavement of his mother at the time of his birth and conflicting accounts, but Wilson appears to have been enslaved by the Charles A. Grice family, who he lived with beginning in 1853. Prior to then, he was living with his mother and stepfather (Moses Taylor?). According to his obituary, he learned to read and write in secret. Based on his diary, he was the body servant of A[lexander]. P. Grice, likely the son of his enslaver, who served with Company A, Cohoon's Battalion, Virginia Infantry, at least during a part of 1862. In 1866, after being freed, Wilson enlisted and went to Europe with the U.S. Navy. When he returned home, he lived in the house he inherited from his mother. Wilson worked at the Portsmouth Navy Yard, as a laborer, and as a bailiff for the Federal Court at Norfolk. In his later years, from 1924 until his death in 1929, he wrote a column called \"Colored Notes\" for  The Portsmouth Star . The column included social news, Wilson's political views, and issues of race relations--all themes that occur throughout his diaries. Wilson was active in the Emmanuel AME Church in Portsmouth, where he taught Sunday school. In June of 1929, Wilson was hit by a car. He died at his son's home, two months later, on August 25, 1929.","Prior to 1871, Wilson married his first wife, Imogene (also recorded as Emma J.) (1854-1882). They had at least seven children before her death: Joseph (b. 1871), Emily O. (1873-1881) (recorded as Emma on the census and once in Wilson's diary as Mary Emily Orphelia), Jeffrey Thomas, Jr. (b. abt. 1875), Mary Jane (b. 1876), Allen (b. abt. 1877), Margaret (b. abt. 1879), and Frank (b. 1881). His second wife was likely Laura Frances, as included on a list of \"Colored Births, City of Portsmouth, 1857-1896. They had at least one child: Laura Frances (b. 1893). Information about Wilson's third wife was not found. Wilson's fourth wife was Blanche Blake, a woman many years his junior. They had at least four children: Wendell (b. 1912), Blanche (b. abt. 1915), Mary (b. abt. 1918), and Clyde Lorraine. Wilson was 75 when the youngest of his children was born. When he died at age 86, he had outlived four wives. At least six of his children were still alive. ","Other Resources:"," The African-American Historical Society of Portsmouth, Virginia, has a brief article on Wilson's \"Colored Notes\" column available  online .  Jeffrey T. Wilson was the subject of a research project by a Norfolk State University student in 2004. Research from the project, including a transcript of Wilson's obituary, can be viewed    online . "],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Jeffrey T. Wilson Diaries by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Jeffrey T. Wilson Diaries by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Jeffrey T. Wilson Diaries, Ms2011-015, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Jeffrey T. Wilson Diaries, Ms2011-015, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Jeffrey T. Wilson Diaries was completed in February 2012, following the return of the 1913 diary from a conservator.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Jeffrey T. Wilson Diaries was completed in February 2012, following the return of the 1913 diary from a conservator."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of two diaries written by Jeffery T. Wilson, one from 1913 and one from 1928. Diary entries cover a range of topics from the daily life and health of Wilson and his family, to his opinions on race, race relations, politics (especially in and around Portsmouth and Norfolk, Virginia), segregation and the Jim Crow South, and religion (many entries begin with biblical quotations). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEntries for the 1913 diary were kept in a Wanamaker's Diary (produced by the department store chain) actually designed for 1911. As a result, Wilson has hand-corrected the days of the week throughout to reflect 1913. The diary includes advertisements, as well as a history of the Wanamaker stores. A map of the store locations in New York City was removed from the diary during preservation, but is included in the collection as a separate item.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the entries recorded (two to a page), throughout the year, Wilson attached additional pages to continue writing. Many of these consists of reminiscences of his life in previous years on topics from the Civil War, his service in the U. S. Navy, segregation and race issues in Portsmouth and Norfolk, and local news. He also writes of daily events: his family's health, church events, the weather, and his frequent concerns about money. Several entries from the 1913 diary are quoted below:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003eForty seven years ago the colored folks of Norfolk and Portsmouth celebrated the passage of the \"Civil Rights Bill\" by Congress and we all gathered in the city of Norfolk. had a big parade of civic societies, and discharge colored soldiers speaking out on the suburbs. The poor whites \"sicked on\" doubtless, by the upper class, interfied with us. tried to break us up. a riot ensued and several whites were killed. I was unhurt. Who killed the parties was never known. but several colored men left the city for fear of arrest. and have never returned. (April 2, 1913)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003eFifty one years ago I was a body servant for A. P. Grice, who was an officer in Cohoon's Battalion C.S.A. encamped on \"Dunn's Hill,\" near Petersburg. I had just been released from the Richmond City Jail. Where I had been confined two months. held as a witness in a murder case and that kept me out of the U. S. Army. Where probably I would have been killed or wounded.  (May 13, 1913)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003eWife bought a bed for Wendell. and he went to sleep in it. It seems as if I am to be the daddy of babes all my life from present indications. Well, if the Lord says so his Will be done not mine-- (July 28, 1913) \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n[Wilson and his wife, Blanche, would go on to have three more children, the last born when Wilson was 75 years old.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003eThirty eight years ago my brother and me met for the last time and as far as I know he is yet alive. Robt I mean, he is 72 years old. (October 1, 1913)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003eA womans life is of very little value in Norfolk even if she is white and a wife. (October 14, 1913)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJeffrey Wilson's second diary was kept in a Regal Date book for 1928. His entries are somewhat shorter, though each still begins with a biblical quotations. He still appears to have worked at least part time as a bailiff in Norfolk, as he frequently writes \"Court\" or \"at court.\" Most of the content, however is focused on local and national news, his role at the AME Emmanuel Church and attending services, and his own family. He notes almost daily that his \"gals,\" likely his two youngest daughters Blanche and Mary, are well. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of two diaries written by Jeffery T. Wilson, one from 1913 and one from 1928. Diary entries cover a range of topics from the daily life and health of Wilson and his family, to his opinions on race, race relations, politics (especially in and around Portsmouth and Norfolk, Virginia), segregation and the Jim Crow South, and religion (many entries begin with biblical quotations). ","Entries for the 1913 diary were kept in a Wanamaker's Diary (produced by the department store chain) actually designed for 1911. As a result, Wilson has hand-corrected the days of the week throughout to reflect 1913. The diary includes advertisements, as well as a history of the Wanamaker stores. A map of the store locations in New York City was removed from the diary during preservation, but is included in the collection as a separate item.","In addition to the entries recorded (two to a page), throughout the year, Wilson attached additional pages to continue writing. Many of these consists of reminiscences of his life in previous years on topics from the Civil War, his service in the U. S. Navy, segregation and race issues in Portsmouth and Norfolk, and local news. He also writes of daily events: his family's health, church events, the weather, and his frequent concerns about money. Several entries from the 1913 diary are quoted below:","Forty seven years ago the colored folks of Norfolk and Portsmouth celebrated the passage of the \"Civil Rights Bill\" by Congress and we all gathered in the city of Norfolk. had a big parade of civic societies, and discharge colored soldiers speaking out on the suburbs. The poor whites \"sicked on\" doubtless, by the upper class, interfied with us. tried to break us up. a riot ensued and several whites were killed. I was unhurt. Who killed the parties was never known. but several colored men left the city for fear of arrest. and have never returned. (April 2, 1913)","Fifty one years ago I was a body servant for A. P. Grice, who was an officer in Cohoon's Battalion C.S.A. encamped on \"Dunn's Hill,\" near Petersburg. I had just been released from the Richmond City Jail. Where I had been confined two months. held as a witness in a murder case and that kept me out of the U. S. Army. Where probably I would have been killed or wounded.  (May 13, 1913)","Wife bought a bed for Wendell. and he went to sleep in it. It seems as if I am to be the daddy of babes all my life from present indications. Well, if the Lord says so his Will be done not mine-- (July 28, 1913)  \n[Wilson and his wife, Blanche, would go on to have three more children, the last born when Wilson was 75 years old.]","Thirty eight years ago my brother and me met for the last time and as far as I know he is yet alive. Robt I mean, he is 72 years old. (October 1, 1913)","A womans life is of very little value in Norfolk even if she is white and a wife. (October 14, 1913)","Jeffrey Wilson's second diary was kept in a Regal Date book for 1928. His entries are somewhat shorter, though each still begins with a biblical quotations. He still appears to have worked at least part time as a bailiff in Norfolk, as he frequently writes \"Court\" or \"at court.\" Most of the content, however is focused on local and national news, his role at the AME Emmanuel Church and attending services, and his own family. He notes almost daily that his \"gals,\" likely his two youngest daughters Blanche and Mary, are well. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_331caf5465c94ad8beac0027de5f4997\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection consists of two diaries (1913, 1928) written by Jeffrey T. Wilson (1843-1929). Wilson was a former enslaved person who spent most of his life in and around Portsmouth and Norfolk, Virginia. He worked as a bailiff in the Norfolk courts after leaving the U. S. Navy and wrote a column, \"Colored Notes,\" for \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Portsmouth Star \u003c/title\u003efrom 1924 until his death in 1929. He outlived four wives and had at least twelve children. Wilson's diaries include entries on a range of topics from local news and politics, race issues in the South, and much of his personal history. The 1913 diary contains extra pages on which Wilson recorded events from that date in the past (i.e. \"Fifty one years ago today...\").\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection consists of two diaries (1913, 1928) written by Jeffrey T. Wilson (1843-1929). Wilson was a former enslaved person who spent most of his life in and around Portsmouth and Norfolk, Virginia. He worked as a bailiff in the Norfolk courts after leaving the U. S. Navy and wrote a column, \"Colored Notes,\" for  The Portsmouth Star  from 1924 until his death in 1929. He outlived four wives and had at least twelve children. Wilson's diaries include entries on a range of topics from local news and politics, race issues in the South, and much of his personal history. The 1913 diary contains extra pages on which Wilson recorded events from that date in the past (i.e. \"Fifty one years ago today...\")."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Wilson, Jeffrey Thomas, 1843-1929"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Wilson, Jeffrey Thomas, 1843-1929"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:30:56.100Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2655","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2655","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2655","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2655","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2655.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Wilson, Jeffrey T., Diaries","title_ssm":["Jeffrey T. Wilson Diaries"],"title_tesim":["Jeffrey T. Wilson Diaries"],"unitdate_ssm":["1913, 1928"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1913, 1928"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2011.015"],"text":["Ms.2011.015","Jeffrey T. Wilson Diaries","African Americans -- History","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History","Diaries","The collection is open for research.","The 1913 diary has been digitized and is  available online . In addition, the 1913 diary is the subject of a  digital exhibit  and SCUA blog post,  \"A New Look at the Diary of Jeffrey Wilson\"  by Adrienne Serra.","Jeffrey Thomas Wilson was born in Portsmouth, Virginia, in 1843. There is uncertainty about the enslavement of his mother at the time of his birth and conflicting accounts, but Wilson appears to have been enslaved by the Charles A. Grice family, who he lived with beginning in 1853. Prior to then, he was living with his mother and stepfather (Moses Taylor?). According to his obituary, he learned to read and write in secret. Based on his diary, he was the body servant of A[lexander]. P. Grice, likely the son of his enslaver, who served with Company A, Cohoon's Battalion, Virginia Infantry, at least during a part of 1862. In 1866, after being freed, Wilson enlisted and went to Europe with the U.S. Navy. When he returned home, he lived in the house he inherited from his mother. Wilson worked at the Portsmouth Navy Yard, as a laborer, and as a bailiff for the Federal Court at Norfolk. In his later years, from 1924 until his death in 1929, he wrote a column called \"Colored Notes\" for  The Portsmouth Star . The column included social news, Wilson's political views, and issues of race relations--all themes that occur throughout his diaries. Wilson was active in the Emmanuel AME Church in Portsmouth, where he taught Sunday school. In June of 1929, Wilson was hit by a car. He died at his son's home, two months later, on August 25, 1929.","Prior to 1871, Wilson married his first wife, Imogene (also recorded as Emma J.) (1854-1882). They had at least seven children before her death: Joseph (b. 1871), Emily O. (1873-1881) (recorded as Emma on the census and once in Wilson's diary as Mary Emily Orphelia), Jeffrey Thomas, Jr. (b. abt. 1875), Mary Jane (b. 1876), Allen (b. abt. 1877), Margaret (b. abt. 1879), and Frank (b. 1881). His second wife was likely Laura Frances, as included on a list of \"Colored Births, City of Portsmouth, 1857-1896. They had at least one child: Laura Frances (b. 1893). Information about Wilson's third wife was not found. Wilson's fourth wife was Blanche Blake, a woman many years his junior. They had at least four children: Wendell (b. 1912), Blanche (b. abt. 1915), Mary (b. abt. 1918), and Clyde Lorraine. Wilson was 75 when the youngest of his children was born. When he died at age 86, he had outlived four wives. At least six of his children were still alive. ","Other Resources:"," The African-American Historical Society of Portsmouth, Virginia, has a brief article on Wilson's \"Colored Notes\" column available  online .  Jeffrey T. Wilson was the subject of a research project by a Norfolk State University student in 2004. Research from the project, including a transcript of Wilson's obituary, can be viewed    online . ","The guide to the Jeffrey T. Wilson Diaries by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Jeffrey T. Wilson Diaries was completed in February 2012, following the return of the 1913 diary from a conservator.","The collection consists of two diaries written by Jeffery T. Wilson, one from 1913 and one from 1928. Diary entries cover a range of topics from the daily life and health of Wilson and his family, to his opinions on race, race relations, politics (especially in and around Portsmouth and Norfolk, Virginia), segregation and the Jim Crow South, and religion (many entries begin with biblical quotations). ","Entries for the 1913 diary were kept in a Wanamaker's Diary (produced by the department store chain) actually designed for 1911. As a result, Wilson has hand-corrected the days of the week throughout to reflect 1913. The diary includes advertisements, as well as a history of the Wanamaker stores. A map of the store locations in New York City was removed from the diary during preservation, but is included in the collection as a separate item.","In addition to the entries recorded (two to a page), throughout the year, Wilson attached additional pages to continue writing. Many of these consists of reminiscences of his life in previous years on topics from the Civil War, his service in the U. S. Navy, segregation and race issues in Portsmouth and Norfolk, and local news. He also writes of daily events: his family's health, church events, the weather, and his frequent concerns about money. Several entries from the 1913 diary are quoted below:","Forty seven years ago the colored folks of Norfolk and Portsmouth celebrated the passage of the \"Civil Rights Bill\" by Congress and we all gathered in the city of Norfolk. had a big parade of civic societies, and discharge colored soldiers speaking out on the suburbs. The poor whites \"sicked on\" doubtless, by the upper class, interfied with us. tried to break us up. a riot ensued and several whites were killed. I was unhurt. Who killed the parties was never known. but several colored men left the city for fear of arrest. and have never returned. (April 2, 1913)","Fifty one years ago I was a body servant for A. P. Grice, who was an officer in Cohoon's Battalion C.S.A. encamped on \"Dunn's Hill,\" near Petersburg. I had just been released from the Richmond City Jail. Where I had been confined two months. held as a witness in a murder case and that kept me out of the U. S. Army. Where probably I would have been killed or wounded.  (May 13, 1913)","Wife bought a bed for Wendell. and he went to sleep in it. It seems as if I am to be the daddy of babes all my life from present indications. Well, if the Lord says so his Will be done not mine-- (July 28, 1913)  \n[Wilson and his wife, Blanche, would go on to have three more children, the last born when Wilson was 75 years old.]","Thirty eight years ago my brother and me met for the last time and as far as I know he is yet alive. Robt I mean, he is 72 years old. (October 1, 1913)","A womans life is of very little value in Norfolk even if she is white and a wife. (October 14, 1913)","Jeffrey Wilson's second diary was kept in a Regal Date book for 1928. His entries are somewhat shorter, though each still begins with a biblical quotations. He still appears to have worked at least part time as a bailiff in Norfolk, as he frequently writes \"Court\" or \"at court.\" Most of the content, however is focused on local and national news, his role at the AME Emmanuel Church and attending services, and his own family. He notes almost daily that his \"gals,\" likely his two youngest daughters Blanche and Mary, are well. ","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection consists of two diaries (1913, 1928) written by Jeffrey T. Wilson (1843-1929). Wilson was a former enslaved person who spent most of his life in and around Portsmouth and Norfolk, Virginia. He worked as a bailiff in the Norfolk courts after leaving the U. S. Navy and wrote a column, \"Colored Notes,\" for  The Portsmouth Star  from 1924 until his death in 1929. He outlived four wives and had at least twelve children. Wilson's diaries include entries on a range of topics from local news and politics, race issues in the South, and much of his personal history. The 1913 diary contains extra pages on which Wilson recorded events from that date in the past (i.e. \"Fifty one years ago today...\").","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Wilson, Jeffrey Thomas, 1843-1929","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2011.015"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jeffrey T. Wilson Diaries"],"collection_title_tesim":["Jeffrey T. Wilson Diaries"],"collection_ssim":["Jeffrey T. Wilson Diaries"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Wilson, Jeffrey Thomas, 1843-1929"],"creator_ssim":["Wilson, Jeffrey Thomas, 1843-1929"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wilson, Jeffrey Thomas, 1843-1929"],"creators_ssim":["Wilson, Jeffrey Thomas, 1843-1929"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Jeffrey T. Wilson Diaries were purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in February 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History","Diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History","Diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe 1913 diary has been digitized and is \u003ca show=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Appalachia/Ms2011-015\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/a\u003e. In addition, the 1913 diary is the subject of a \u003ca href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/exhibits/show/wilsondiary\"\u003edigital exhibit\u003c/a\u003e and SCUA blog post, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://scuablog.lib.vt.edu/2014/11/14/a-new-look-at-the-diary-of-jeffrey-wilson/\"\u003e\"A New Look at the Diary of Jeffrey Wilson\"\u003c/a\u003e by Adrienne Serra.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["The 1913 diary has been digitized and is  available online . In addition, the 1913 diary is the subject of a  digital exhibit  and SCUA blog post,  \"A New Look at the Diary of Jeffrey Wilson\"  by Adrienne Serra."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJeffrey Thomas Wilson was born in Portsmouth, Virginia, in 1843. There is uncertainty about the enslavement of his mother at the time of his birth and conflicting accounts, but Wilson appears to have been enslaved by the Charles A. Grice family, who he lived with beginning in 1853. Prior to then, he was living with his mother and stepfather (Moses Taylor?). According to his obituary, he learned to read and write in secret. Based on his diary, he was the body servant of A[lexander]. P. Grice, likely the son of his enslaver, who served with Company A, Cohoon's Battalion, Virginia Infantry, at least during a part of 1862. In 1866, after being freed, Wilson enlisted and went to Europe with the U.S. Navy. When he returned home, he lived in the house he inherited from his mother. Wilson worked at the Portsmouth Navy Yard, as a laborer, and as a bailiff for the Federal Court at Norfolk. In his later years, from 1924 until his death in 1929, he wrote a column called \"Colored Notes\" for \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Portsmouth Star\u003c/title\u003e. The column included social news, Wilson's political views, and issues of race relations--all themes that occur throughout his diaries. Wilson was active in the Emmanuel AME Church in Portsmouth, where he taught Sunday school. In June of 1929, Wilson was hit by a car. He died at his son's home, two months later, on August 25, 1929.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePrior to 1871, Wilson married his first wife, Imogene (also recorded as Emma J.) (1854-1882). They had at least seven children before her death: Joseph (b. 1871), Emily O. (1873-1881) (recorded as Emma on the census and once in Wilson's diary as Mary Emily Orphelia), Jeffrey Thomas, Jr. (b. abt. 1875), Mary Jane (b. 1876), Allen (b. abt. 1877), Margaret (b. abt. 1879), and Frank (b. 1881). His second wife was likely Laura Frances, as included on a list of \"Colored Births, City of Portsmouth, 1857-1896. They had at least one child: Laura Frances (b. 1893). Information about Wilson's third wife was not found. Wilson's fourth wife was Blanche Blake, a woman many years his junior. They had at least four children: Wendell (b. 1912), Blanche (b. abt. 1915), Mary (b. abt. 1918), and Clyde Lorraine. Wilson was 75 when the youngest of his children was born. When he died at age 86, he had outlived four wives. At least six of his children were still alive. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther Resources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e The African-American Historical Society of Portsmouth, Virginia, has a brief article on Wilson's \"Colored Notes\" column available \u003ca title=\"online\" href=\"http://www.blackhistoryportsmouth.org/colorednotes.htm\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eJeffrey T. Wilson was the subject of a research project by a Norfolk State University student in 2004. Research from the project, including a transcript of Wilson's obituary, can be viewed   \u003ca title=\"online\" href=\"http://www.racetimeplace.com/497Projects/2003students/carlos/Menu%20Page.html\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Jeffrey Thomas Wilson was born in Portsmouth, Virginia, in 1843. There is uncertainty about the enslavement of his mother at the time of his birth and conflicting accounts, but Wilson appears to have been enslaved by the Charles A. Grice family, who he lived with beginning in 1853. Prior to then, he was living with his mother and stepfather (Moses Taylor?). According to his obituary, he learned to read and write in secret. Based on his diary, he was the body servant of A[lexander]. P. Grice, likely the son of his enslaver, who served with Company A, Cohoon's Battalion, Virginia Infantry, at least during a part of 1862. In 1866, after being freed, Wilson enlisted and went to Europe with the U.S. Navy. When he returned home, he lived in the house he inherited from his mother. Wilson worked at the Portsmouth Navy Yard, as a laborer, and as a bailiff for the Federal Court at Norfolk. In his later years, from 1924 until his death in 1929, he wrote a column called \"Colored Notes\" for  The Portsmouth Star . The column included social news, Wilson's political views, and issues of race relations--all themes that occur throughout his diaries. Wilson was active in the Emmanuel AME Church in Portsmouth, where he taught Sunday school. In June of 1929, Wilson was hit by a car. He died at his son's home, two months later, on August 25, 1929.","Prior to 1871, Wilson married his first wife, Imogene (also recorded as Emma J.) (1854-1882). They had at least seven children before her death: Joseph (b. 1871), Emily O. (1873-1881) (recorded as Emma on the census and once in Wilson's diary as Mary Emily Orphelia), Jeffrey Thomas, Jr. (b. abt. 1875), Mary Jane (b. 1876), Allen (b. abt. 1877), Margaret (b. abt. 1879), and Frank (b. 1881). His second wife was likely Laura Frances, as included on a list of \"Colored Births, City of Portsmouth, 1857-1896. They had at least one child: Laura Frances (b. 1893). Information about Wilson's third wife was not found. Wilson's fourth wife was Blanche Blake, a woman many years his junior. They had at least four children: Wendell (b. 1912), Blanche (b. abt. 1915), Mary (b. abt. 1918), and Clyde Lorraine. Wilson was 75 when the youngest of his children was born. When he died at age 86, he had outlived four wives. At least six of his children were still alive. ","Other Resources:"," The African-American Historical Society of Portsmouth, Virginia, has a brief article on Wilson's \"Colored Notes\" column available  online .  Jeffrey T. Wilson was the subject of a research project by a Norfolk State University student in 2004. Research from the project, including a transcript of Wilson's obituary, can be viewed    online . "],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Jeffrey T. Wilson Diaries by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Jeffrey T. Wilson Diaries by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Jeffrey T. Wilson Diaries, Ms2011-015, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Jeffrey T. Wilson Diaries, Ms2011-015, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Jeffrey T. Wilson Diaries was completed in February 2012, following the return of the 1913 diary from a conservator.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Jeffrey T. Wilson Diaries was completed in February 2012, following the return of the 1913 diary from a conservator."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of two diaries written by Jeffery T. Wilson, one from 1913 and one from 1928. Diary entries cover a range of topics from the daily life and health of Wilson and his family, to his opinions on race, race relations, politics (especially in and around Portsmouth and Norfolk, Virginia), segregation and the Jim Crow South, and religion (many entries begin with biblical quotations). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEntries for the 1913 diary were kept in a Wanamaker's Diary (produced by the department store chain) actually designed for 1911. As a result, Wilson has hand-corrected the days of the week throughout to reflect 1913. The diary includes advertisements, as well as a history of the Wanamaker stores. A map of the store locations in New York City was removed from the diary during preservation, but is included in the collection as a separate item.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the entries recorded (two to a page), throughout the year, Wilson attached additional pages to continue writing. Many of these consists of reminiscences of his life in previous years on topics from the Civil War, his service in the U. S. Navy, segregation and race issues in Portsmouth and Norfolk, and local news. He also writes of daily events: his family's health, church events, the weather, and his frequent concerns about money. Several entries from the 1913 diary are quoted below:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003eForty seven years ago the colored folks of Norfolk and Portsmouth celebrated the passage of the \"Civil Rights Bill\" by Congress and we all gathered in the city of Norfolk. had a big parade of civic societies, and discharge colored soldiers speaking out on the suburbs. The poor whites \"sicked on\" doubtless, by the upper class, interfied with us. tried to break us up. a riot ensued and several whites were killed. I was unhurt. Who killed the parties was never known. but several colored men left the city for fear of arrest. and have never returned. (April 2, 1913)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003eFifty one years ago I was a body servant for A. P. Grice, who was an officer in Cohoon's Battalion C.S.A. encamped on \"Dunn's Hill,\" near Petersburg. I had just been released from the Richmond City Jail. Where I had been confined two months. held as a witness in a murder case and that kept me out of the U. S. Army. Where probably I would have been killed or wounded.  (May 13, 1913)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003eWife bought a bed for Wendell. and he went to sleep in it. It seems as if I am to be the daddy of babes all my life from present indications. Well, if the Lord says so his Will be done not mine-- (July 28, 1913) \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n[Wilson and his wife, Blanche, would go on to have three more children, the last born when Wilson was 75 years old.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003eThirty eight years ago my brother and me met for the last time and as far as I know he is yet alive. Robt I mean, he is 72 years old. (October 1, 1913)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003eA womans life is of very little value in Norfolk even if she is white and a wife. (October 14, 1913)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJeffrey Wilson's second diary was kept in a Regal Date book for 1928. His entries are somewhat shorter, though each still begins with a biblical quotations. He still appears to have worked at least part time as a bailiff in Norfolk, as he frequently writes \"Court\" or \"at court.\" Most of the content, however is focused on local and national news, his role at the AME Emmanuel Church and attending services, and his own family. He notes almost daily that his \"gals,\" likely his two youngest daughters Blanche and Mary, are well. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of two diaries written by Jeffery T. Wilson, one from 1913 and one from 1928. Diary entries cover a range of topics from the daily life and health of Wilson and his family, to his opinions on race, race relations, politics (especially in and around Portsmouth and Norfolk, Virginia), segregation and the Jim Crow South, and religion (many entries begin with biblical quotations). ","Entries for the 1913 diary were kept in a Wanamaker's Diary (produced by the department store chain) actually designed for 1911. As a result, Wilson has hand-corrected the days of the week throughout to reflect 1913. The diary includes advertisements, as well as a history of the Wanamaker stores. A map of the store locations in New York City was removed from the diary during preservation, but is included in the collection as a separate item.","In addition to the entries recorded (two to a page), throughout the year, Wilson attached additional pages to continue writing. Many of these consists of reminiscences of his life in previous years on topics from the Civil War, his service in the U. S. Navy, segregation and race issues in Portsmouth and Norfolk, and local news. He also writes of daily events: his family's health, church events, the weather, and his frequent concerns about money. Several entries from the 1913 diary are quoted below:","Forty seven years ago the colored folks of Norfolk and Portsmouth celebrated the passage of the \"Civil Rights Bill\" by Congress and we all gathered in the city of Norfolk. had a big parade of civic societies, and discharge colored soldiers speaking out on the suburbs. The poor whites \"sicked on\" doubtless, by the upper class, interfied with us. tried to break us up. a riot ensued and several whites were killed. I was unhurt. Who killed the parties was never known. but several colored men left the city for fear of arrest. and have never returned. (April 2, 1913)","Fifty one years ago I was a body servant for A. P. Grice, who was an officer in Cohoon's Battalion C.S.A. encamped on \"Dunn's Hill,\" near Petersburg. I had just been released from the Richmond City Jail. Where I had been confined two months. held as a witness in a murder case and that kept me out of the U. S. Army. Where probably I would have been killed or wounded.  (May 13, 1913)","Wife bought a bed for Wendell. and he went to sleep in it. It seems as if I am to be the daddy of babes all my life from present indications. Well, if the Lord says so his Will be done not mine-- (July 28, 1913)  \n[Wilson and his wife, Blanche, would go on to have three more children, the last born when Wilson was 75 years old.]","Thirty eight years ago my brother and me met for the last time and as far as I know he is yet alive. Robt I mean, he is 72 years old. (October 1, 1913)","A womans life is of very little value in Norfolk even if she is white and a wife. (October 14, 1913)","Jeffrey Wilson's second diary was kept in a Regal Date book for 1928. His entries are somewhat shorter, though each still begins with a biblical quotations. He still appears to have worked at least part time as a bailiff in Norfolk, as he frequently writes \"Court\" or \"at court.\" Most of the content, however is focused on local and national news, his role at the AME Emmanuel Church and attending services, and his own family. He notes almost daily that his \"gals,\" likely his two youngest daughters Blanche and Mary, are well. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_331caf5465c94ad8beac0027de5f4997\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection consists of two diaries (1913, 1928) written by Jeffrey T. Wilson (1843-1929). Wilson was a former enslaved person who spent most of his life in and around Portsmouth and Norfolk, Virginia. He worked as a bailiff in the Norfolk courts after leaving the U. S. Navy and wrote a column, \"Colored Notes,\" for \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Portsmouth Star \u003c/title\u003efrom 1924 until his death in 1929. He outlived four wives and had at least twelve children. Wilson's diaries include entries on a range of topics from local news and politics, race issues in the South, and much of his personal history. The 1913 diary contains extra pages on which Wilson recorded events from that date in the past (i.e. \"Fifty one years ago today...\").\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection consists of two diaries (1913, 1928) written by Jeffrey T. Wilson (1843-1929). Wilson was a former enslaved person who spent most of his life in and around Portsmouth and Norfolk, Virginia. He worked as a bailiff in the Norfolk courts after leaving the U. S. Navy and wrote a column, \"Colored Notes,\" for  The Portsmouth Star  from 1924 until his death in 1929. He outlived four wives and had at least twelve children. Wilson's diaries include entries on a range of topics from local news and politics, race issues in the South, and much of his personal history. The 1913 diary contains extra pages on which Wilson recorded events from that date in the past (i.e. \"Fifty one years ago today...\")."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Wilson, Jeffrey Thomas, 1843-1929"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Wilson, Jeffrey Thomas, 1843-1929"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:30:56.100Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2655"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4083","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"John W. Norwood Letter to Francis T. Stribling","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4083#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Norwood, John W. (John Wall), 1803-1885","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4083#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The John W. 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","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The John W. Norwood Letter to Francis Stribling discusses the mental health of Norwood's wife and her paranoia torward the people they enslave.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Western Lunatic Asylum (Va.)","Norwood, John W. (John Wall), 1803-1885","Stribling, Francis T.  (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","The material in this collection is in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2023.038"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John W. Norwood Letter to Francis T. 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","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The John W. Norwood Letter to Francis T. 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During the American Civil War he acted as a superintendent of relief for families of Orange County, North Carolina. After the war, Norwood joined with others in an effort to suppress the activities of the Ku Klux Klan. Norwood died at Poplar Hill at age eighty-two. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExternal source:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Norwood, John Wall\", ncpedia.org, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/norwood-john-wall\"\u003ehttps://www.ncpedia.org/biography/norwood-john-wall\u003c/a\u003e, accessed on June 5, 2023. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Wall Norwood (1803-1885) was an attorney and member of the North Carolina General Assembly. During the American Civil War he acted as a superintendent of relief for families of Orange County, North Carolina. After the war, Norwood joined with others in an effort to suppress the activities of the Ku Klux Klan. Norwood died at Poplar Hill at age eighty-two. ","External source:","\"Norwood, John Wall\", ncpedia.org,  https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/norwood-john-wall , accessed on June 5, 2023. "],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the John W. Norwood Letter to Francis T. Stribling by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the John W. Norwood Letter to Francis T. 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Norwood Letter to Francis Stribling, the superintendent of the Virginia Western State Lunatic Asylum, discusses the mental health of Norwood's wife and seeks advice on how to help her. The letter outlines the psychological effects of enslaving human beings upon an enslaver with fragile mental health. The fear of the people she enslaved was apparently driving her mad, and she feared not only the violence of an uprising, but the letter hints at her fear of being poisoned as well.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The John W. Norwood Letter to Francis Stribling, the superintendent of the Virginia Western State Lunatic Asylum, discusses the mental health of Norwood's wife and seeks advice on how to help her. The letter outlines the psychological effects of enslaving human beings upon an enslaver with fragile mental health. The fear of the people she enslaved was apparently driving her mad, and she feared not only the violence of an uprising, but the letter hints at her fear of being poisoned as well."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_167105b4c3f127a6256b2ca58c9692f2\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe John W. Norwood Letter to Francis Stribling discusses the mental health of Norwood's wife and her paranoia torward the people they enslave.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The John W. Norwood Letter to Francis Stribling discusses the mental health of Norwood's wife and her paranoia torward the people they enslave."],"names_coll_ssim":["Western Lunatic Asylum (Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Western Lunatic Asylum (Va.)","Norwood, John W. (John Wall), 1803-1885","Stribling, Francis T.  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Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The John W. Norwood Letter to Francis Stribling discusses the mental health of Norwood's wife and her paranoia torward the people they enslave.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Western Lunatic Asylum (Va.)","Norwood, John W. (John Wall), 1803-1885","Stribling, Francis T.  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Norwood Letter to Francis Stribling, the superintendent of the Virginia Western State Lunatic Asylum, discusses the mental health of Norwood's wife and seeks advice on how to help her. The letter outlines the psychological effects of enslaving human beings upon an enslaver with fragile mental health. The fear of the people she enslaved was apparently driving her mad, and she feared not only the violence of an uprising, but the letter hints at her fear of being poisoned as well.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The John W. Norwood Letter to Francis Stribling, the superintendent of the Virginia Western State Lunatic Asylum, discusses the mental health of Norwood's wife and seeks advice on how to help her. The letter outlines the psychological effects of enslaving human beings upon an enslaver with fragile mental health. 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Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_167105b4c3f127a6256b2ca58c9692f2\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe John W. Norwood Letter to Francis Stribling discusses the mental health of Norwood's wife and her paranoia torward the people they enslave.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The John W. Norwood Letter to Francis Stribling discusses the mental health of Norwood's wife and her paranoia torward the people they enslave."],"names_coll_ssim":["Western Lunatic Asylum (Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Western Lunatic Asylum (Va.)","Norwood, John W. (John Wall), 1803-1885","Stribling, Francis T.  (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Western Lunatic Asylum (Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Norwood, John W. (John Wall), 1803-1885","Stribling, Francis T.  (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874"],"language_ssim":["The material in this collection is in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:01:42.929Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4083"}},{"id":"vi_vi02485","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"King George County (Va.), \n1836-1909","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02485#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"King George County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02485#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eKing George County (Va.) Deeds, 1836-1909 consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. Except for a few years early in the eighteenth century, slaves in Virginia were considered personal property and consequently were not usually sold by deed. However, they were often transferred in deeds of gift or were the property listed in mortgages and deeds of trust. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02485#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02485","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02485","_root_":"vi_vi02485","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02485","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02485.xml","title_ssm":["King George County (Va.), \n1836-1909"],"title_tesim":["King George County (Va.), \n1836-1909"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1172730-1172745\n"],"text":["1172730-1172745\n","King George County (Va.), \n1836-1909","African Americans -- History","Land subdivision -- Virginia -- King George County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- King George County","Slavery -- Virginia -- King George County","Slaves -- Virginia -- King George County","Deeds -- Virginia -- King George County","Land records -- Virginia -- King George County","Local government records -- Virginia -- King George County","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- King George County","8.1 cu. ft. (16 boxes)","There are no restrictions. \n","Chronological.\n","King George County was named in honor of George I of England and was formed from Richmond County in 1720.  Part of Westmoreland County was added in 1777.\n","Deed Books and Indices to Deeds for King George County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Additional King George County Land Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","King George County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional King George County Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Lost Records Localities Database  found at the Library of Virginia web site.","King George County (Va.) Deeds, 1836-1909 consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. Except for a few years early in the eighteenth century, slaves in Virginia were considered personal property and consequently were not usually sold by deed. However, they were often transferred in deeds of gift or were the property listed in mortgages and deeds of trust. \n","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","The collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves.","There are no restrictions.\n","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","King George County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1172730-1172745\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["King George County (Va.), \n1836-1909"],"collection_title_tesim":["King George County (Va.), \n1836-1909"],"collection_ssim":["King George County (Va.), \n1836-1909"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["King George County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["King George County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court papers from King George County under the accession number 41907.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Land subdivision -- Virginia -- King George County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- King George County","Slavery -- Virginia -- King George County","Slaves -- Virginia -- King George County","Deeds -- Virginia -- King George County","Land records -- Virginia -- King George County","Local government records -- Virginia -- King George County","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- King George County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Land subdivision -- Virginia -- King George County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- King George County","Slavery -- Virginia -- King George County","Slaves -- Virginia -- King George County","Deeds -- Virginia -- King George County","Land records -- Virginia -- King George County","Local government records -- Virginia -- King George County","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- King George County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["8.1 cu. ft. (16 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions. \n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKing George County was named in honor of George I of England and was formed from Richmond County in 1720.  Part of Westmoreland County was added in 1777.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["King George County was named in honor of George I of England and was formed from Richmond County in 1720.  Part of Westmoreland County was added in 1777.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKing George County (Va.) Deeds, 1836-1909. Local government records collection, King George County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["King George County (Va.) Deeds, 1836-1909. Local government records collection, King George County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDeed Books and Indices to Deeds for King George County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA143\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional King George County Land Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA143\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKing George County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional King George County Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/whatwehave/local/lost/\"\u003eLost Records Localities Database\u003c/extref\u003e found at the Library of Virginia web site.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Deed Books and Indices to Deeds for King George County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Additional King George County Land Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","King George County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional King George County Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Lost Records Localities Database  found at the Library of Virginia web site."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKing George County (Va.) Deeds, 1836-1909 consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. Except for a few years early in the eighteenth century, slaves in Virginia were considered personal property and consequently were not usually sold by deed. However, they were often transferred in deeds of gift or were the property listed in mortgages and deeds of trust. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["King George County (Va.) Deeds, 1836-1909 consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. Except for a few years early in the eighteenth century, slaves in Virginia were considered personal property and consequently were not usually sold by deed. However, they were often transferred in deeds of gift or were the property listed in mortgages and deeds of trust. \n","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","The collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["King George County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["King George County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:56:24.466Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02485","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02485","_root_":"vi_vi02485","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02485","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02485.xml","title_ssm":["King George County (Va.), \n1836-1909"],"title_tesim":["King George County (Va.), \n1836-1909"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1172730-1172745\n"],"text":["1172730-1172745\n","King George County (Va.), \n1836-1909","African Americans -- History","Land subdivision -- Virginia -- King George County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- King George County","Slavery -- Virginia -- King George County","Slaves -- Virginia -- King George County","Deeds -- Virginia -- King George County","Land records -- Virginia -- King George County","Local government records -- Virginia -- King George County","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- King George County","8.1 cu. ft. (16 boxes)","There are no restrictions. \n","Chronological.\n","King George County was named in honor of George I of England and was formed from Richmond County in 1720.  Part of Westmoreland County was added in 1777.\n","Deed Books and Indices to Deeds for King George County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Additional King George County Land Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","King George County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional King George County Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Lost Records Localities Database  found at the Library of Virginia web site.","King George County (Va.) Deeds, 1836-1909 consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. Except for a few years early in the eighteenth century, slaves in Virginia were considered personal property and consequently were not usually sold by deed. However, they were often transferred in deeds of gift or were the property listed in mortgages and deeds of trust. \n","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","The collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves.","There are no restrictions.\n","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","King George County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1172730-1172745\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["King George County (Va.), \n1836-1909"],"collection_title_tesim":["King George County (Va.), \n1836-1909"],"collection_ssim":["King George County (Va.), \n1836-1909"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["King George County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["King George County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court papers from King George County under the accession number 41907.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Land subdivision -- Virginia -- King George County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- King George County","Slavery -- Virginia -- King George County","Slaves -- Virginia -- King George County","Deeds -- Virginia -- King George County","Land records -- Virginia -- King George County","Local government records -- Virginia -- King George County","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- King George County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Land subdivision -- Virginia -- King George County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- King George County","Slavery -- Virginia -- King George County","Slaves -- Virginia -- King George County","Deeds -- Virginia -- King George County","Land records -- Virginia -- King George County","Local government records -- Virginia -- King George County","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- King George County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["8.1 cu. ft. (16 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions. \n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKing George County was named in honor of George I of England and was formed from Richmond County in 1720.  Part of Westmoreland County was added in 1777.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["King George County was named in honor of George I of England and was formed from Richmond County in 1720.  Part of Westmoreland County was added in 1777.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKing George County (Va.) Deeds, 1836-1909. Local government records collection, King George County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["King George County (Va.) Deeds, 1836-1909. Local government records collection, King George County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDeed Books and Indices to Deeds for King George County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA143\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional King George County Land Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA143\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKing George County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional King George County Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/whatwehave/local/lost/\"\u003eLost Records Localities Database\u003c/extref\u003e found at the Library of Virginia web site.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Deed Books and Indices to Deeds for King George County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Additional King George County Land Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","King George County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional King George County Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Lost Records Localities Database  found at the Library of Virginia web site."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKing George County (Va.) Deeds, 1836-1909 consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. Except for a few years early in the eighteenth century, slaves in Virginia were considered personal property and consequently were not usually sold by deed. However, they were often transferred in deeds of gift or were the property listed in mortgages and deeds of trust. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["King George County (Va.) Deeds, 1836-1909 consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. Except for a few years early in the eighteenth century, slaves in Virginia were considered personal property and consequently were not usually sold by deed. However, they were often transferred in deeds of gift or were the property listed in mortgages and deeds of trust. \n","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","The collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["King George County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["King George County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:56:24.466Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02485"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2236","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Knights of Pythias Badge","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2236#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Knights of Pythias","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2236#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection includes a parade badge for Knights of Pythias, a fraternal organization in Richmond, Virginia.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2236#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2236","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2236","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2236","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2236","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2236.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Knights of Pythias Badge","title_ssm":["Knights of Pythias Badge"],"title_tesim":["Knights of Pythias Badge"],"unitdate_ssm":["1900"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1900"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2003.003"],"text":["Ms.2003.003","Knights of Pythias Badge","Richmond (Va.)","African Americans -- History","Artifacts (object genre)","The collection is open for research.","An African American fraternal organization, the Grand Court, I. O. of Calanthe, Knights of Pythias, was headquartered in Richmond, Virginia's Jackson Ward.","The guide to the Knights of Pythias Badge by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Knights of Pythias Badge was completed in 2003.","This collection contains a parade badge for the Grand Court, I. O. of Calanthe, Knights of Pythias, an African American fraternal organization in Richmond, Virginia. The badge reads \"Grand Court, I. O. of Calanthe, under jurisdiction K. of P., N. A., S. A., E., A., A. \u0026 A.\" It features a wire gilt braid and blue, green and white stripes. Parade badge, of Richmond, Virginia's Jackson Ward.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection includes a parade badge for Knights of Pythias, a fraternal organization in Richmond, Virginia.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Knights of Pythias","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2003.003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Knights of Pythias Badge"],"collection_title_tesim":["Knights of Pythias Badge"],"collection_ssim":["Knights of Pythias Badge"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Knights of Pythias"],"creator_ssim":["Knights of Pythias"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Knights of Pythias"],"creators_ssim":["Knights of Pythias"],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 2002."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Artifacts (object genre)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Artifacts (object genre)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Artifacts (object genre)"],"date_range_isim":[1900],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAn African American fraternal organization, the Grand Court, I. O. of Calanthe, Knights of Pythias, was headquartered in Richmond, Virginia's Jackson Ward.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["An African American fraternal organization, the Grand Court, I. O. of Calanthe, Knights of Pythias, was headquartered in Richmond, Virginia's Jackson Ward."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Knights of Pythias Badge by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Knights of Pythias Badge by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Knights of Pythias Badge, Ms2003-003, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Knights of Pythias Badge, Ms2003-003, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Knights of Pythias Badge was completed in 2003.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Knights of Pythias Badge was completed in 2003."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a parade badge for the Grand Court, I. O. of Calanthe, Knights of Pythias, an African American fraternal organization in Richmond, Virginia. The badge reads \"Grand Court, I. O. of Calanthe, under jurisdiction K. of P., N. A., S. A., E., A., A. \u0026amp; A.\" It features a wire gilt braid and blue, green and white stripes. Parade badge, of Richmond, Virginia's Jackson Ward.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a parade badge for the Grand Court, I. O. of Calanthe, Knights of Pythias, an African American fraternal organization in Richmond, Virginia. The badge reads \"Grand Court, I. O. of Calanthe, under jurisdiction K. of P., N. A., S. A., E., A., A. \u0026 A.\" It features a wire gilt braid and blue, green and white stripes. Parade badge, of Richmond, Virginia's Jackson Ward."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_464eec3fa385c97a230322fd9a9dff02\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection includes a parade badge for Knights of Pythias, a fraternal organization in Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection includes a parade badge for Knights of Pythias, a fraternal organization in Richmond, Virginia."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Knights of Pythias"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Knights of Pythias"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:18:14.147Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2236","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2236","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2236","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2236","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2236.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Knights of Pythias Badge","title_ssm":["Knights of Pythias Badge"],"title_tesim":["Knights of Pythias Badge"],"unitdate_ssm":["1900"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1900"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2003.003"],"text":["Ms.2003.003","Knights of Pythias Badge","Richmond (Va.)","African Americans -- History","Artifacts (object genre)","The collection is open for research.","An African American fraternal organization, the Grand Court, I. O. of Calanthe, Knights of Pythias, was headquartered in Richmond, Virginia's Jackson Ward.","The guide to the Knights of Pythias Badge by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Knights of Pythias Badge was completed in 2003.","This collection contains a parade badge for the Grand Court, I. O. of Calanthe, Knights of Pythias, an African American fraternal organization in Richmond, Virginia. The badge reads \"Grand Court, I. O. of Calanthe, under jurisdiction K. of P., N. A., S. A., E., A., A. \u0026 A.\" It features a wire gilt braid and blue, green and white stripes. Parade badge, of Richmond, Virginia's Jackson Ward.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection includes a parade badge for Knights of Pythias, a fraternal organization in Richmond, Virginia.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Knights of Pythias","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2003.003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Knights of Pythias Badge"],"collection_title_tesim":["Knights of Pythias Badge"],"collection_ssim":["Knights of Pythias Badge"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Knights of Pythias"],"creator_ssim":["Knights of Pythias"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Knights of Pythias"],"creators_ssim":["Knights of Pythias"],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 2002."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Artifacts (object genre)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Artifacts (object genre)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Artifacts (object genre)"],"date_range_isim":[1900],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAn African American fraternal organization, the Grand Court, I. O. of Calanthe, Knights of Pythias, was headquartered in Richmond, Virginia's Jackson Ward.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["An African American fraternal organization, the Grand Court, I. O. of Calanthe, Knights of Pythias, was headquartered in Richmond, Virginia's Jackson Ward."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Knights of Pythias Badge by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Knights of Pythias Badge by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Knights of Pythias Badge, Ms2003-003, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Knights of Pythias Badge, Ms2003-003, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Knights of Pythias Badge was completed in 2003.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Knights of Pythias Badge was completed in 2003."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a parade badge for the Grand Court, I. O. of Calanthe, Knights of Pythias, an African American fraternal organization in Richmond, Virginia. The badge reads \"Grand Court, I. O. of Calanthe, under jurisdiction K. of P., N. A., S. A., E., A., A. \u0026amp; A.\" It features a wire gilt braid and blue, green and white stripes. Parade badge, of Richmond, Virginia's Jackson Ward.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a parade badge for the Grand Court, I. O. of Calanthe, Knights of Pythias, an African American fraternal organization in Richmond, Virginia. The badge reads \"Grand Court, I. O. of Calanthe, under jurisdiction K. of P., N. A., S. A., E., A., A. \u0026 A.\" It features a wire gilt braid and blue, green and white stripes. Parade badge, of Richmond, Virginia's Jackson Ward."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_464eec3fa385c97a230322fd9a9dff02\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection includes a parade badge for Knights of Pythias, a fraternal organization in Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection includes a parade badge for Knights of Pythias, a fraternal organization in Richmond, Virginia."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Knights of Pythias"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Knights of Pythias"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:18:14.147Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2236"}},{"id":"vi_vi02632","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, \ncirca 1787-1931","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02632#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02632#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, circa 1787-1931 are criminal court cases and consist primarily of warrants, summons, indictments, and verdicts handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. These offenses ranged in severity from murder, rape, assault and battery, and larceny to tax evasion and slander. Criminal offenders and victims who appear in cases prior to the abolition of slavery in Virginia in 1865 included both free and enslaved persons. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02632#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02632","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02632","_root_":"vi_vi02632","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02632","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02632.xml","title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, \ncirca 1787-1931"],"title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, \ncirca 1787-1931"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1134605, 1134628, 1134634-1134639, 1134641, 1134643, 1134644, 1135003\n"],"text":["1134605, 1134628, 1134634-1134639, 1134641, 1134643, 1134644, 1135003\n","Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, \ncirca 1787-1931","African Americans -- History","Assault and battery -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Crime -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Criminals -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Larceny -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Libel and slander -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Murder -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Rape -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Tax evasion -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Indictments -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Summons -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Verdicts -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Warrants (Law) -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","5.4 cu. ft. (12 boxes)","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological\n","Lancaster County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties in 1651.\n","Additional Court Records for Lancaster County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Additional Lancaster County criminal records may be found at the Lancaster County Courthouse and the Library of Virginia.\n","Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, circa 1787-1931 are criminal court cases and consist primarily of warrants, summons, indictments, and verdicts handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. These offenses ranged in severity from murder, rape, assault and battery, and larceny to tax evasion and slander. Criminal offenders and victims who appear in cases prior to the abolition of slavery in Virginia in 1865 included both free and enslaved persons.\n","Warrants were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases.\n","Summonses were used to call a suspected person to appear in court. A summons could also be issued to direct witnesses or victims to come before the court in order to provide evidence or information deemed pertinent to a case.\n","An indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\"\n","Verdicts are the formal pronouncements made by juries on issues submitted to them by a judge or other law enforcement official. In the case of a guilty verdict, a judge will sentence the offender. Sentences may include a fine, corporal punishment, and/or imprisonment.\nCoroners also submitted verdicts such as \"death by suicide,\" \"death by natural causes,\" etc. when determining the cause of a suspicious or sudden death.   \n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1134605, 1134628, 1134634-1134639, 1134641, 1134643, 1134644, 1135003\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, \ncirca 1787-1931"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, \ncirca 1787-1931"],"collection_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, \ncirca 1787-1931"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court papers from Lancaster County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Assault and battery -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Crime -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Criminals -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Larceny -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Libel and slander -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Murder -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Rape -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Tax evasion -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Indictments -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Summons -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Verdicts -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Warrants (Law) -- Virginia -- Lancaster County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Assault and battery -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Crime -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Criminals -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Larceny -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Libel and slander -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Murder -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Rape -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Tax evasion -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Indictments -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Summons -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Verdicts -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Warrants (Law) -- Virginia -- Lancaster County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["5.4 cu. ft. (12 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties in 1651.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lancaster County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties in 1651.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, circa 1787-1931. Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, circa 1787-1931. Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Court Records for Lancaster County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA147\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Lancaster County criminal records may be found at the Lancaster County Courthouse and the Library of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Court Records for Lancaster County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Additional Lancaster County criminal records may be found at the Lancaster County Courthouse and the Library of Virginia.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, circa 1787-1931 are criminal court cases and consist primarily of warrants, summons, indictments, and verdicts handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. These offenses ranged in severity from murder, rape, assault and battery, and larceny to tax evasion and slander. Criminal offenders and victims who appear in cases prior to the abolition of slavery in Virginia in 1865 included both free and enslaved persons.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWarrants were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummonses were used to call a suspected person to appear in court. 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