{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+History\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1865","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+History\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1865\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":8,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2479","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2479#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"United States. Army. Colored Infantry Regiment, 41st (1864-1865)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2479#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection includes the muster roll of Company A, 41st United States Colored Troops during the American Civil War.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2479#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2479","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2479","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2479","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2479","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2479.xml","title_filing_ssi":"41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll","title_ssm":["41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll"],"title_tesim":["41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll"],"unitdate_ssm":["1865"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2009.060"],"text":["Ms.2009.060","41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll","African Americans -- History","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","The collection is open for research.","Company A of the 41st United States Colored Troops was organized at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the autumn of 1864 during the American Civil War. Included on the muster roll is this brief history of the company: \"The company and regiment left camp near Fort Harrison, Army of the James the night of March 27th to reinforce the Army of the Potomac, we marched to Hatcher's Run then to Petersburg from there followed the line of the South Side Rail Road in pursuit of Lee's Army. The company was not engaged in any action until April 9, 65, and then but slightly.\" The 41st was assigned to duty at Petersburg from April 11, 1865 until May 25, when it was moved to Edenburg, Texas, for guard and provost duty. The 41st U. S. C. T. mustered out of service at Brownsville, Texas on November 10 and disbanded at Philadelphia on December 14, 1865.","The guide to the 41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing and description of the 41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll commenced and was completed in April 2009.","This collection consists of a muster roll for Company A, 41st United States Colored Troops during the American Civil War. the roll contains the names of officers and enlisted men within the company, together with the dates, places, and periods of enlistment for each. Also included are pay status and notes for individual soldiers and a brief account of the company's activities.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection includes the muster roll of Company A, 41st United States Colored Troops during the American Civil War.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Army. 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Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The 41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll was purchased by Special Collections in 2004."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCompany A of the 41st United States Colored Troops was organized at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the autumn of 1864 during the American Civil War. Included on the muster roll is this brief history of the company: \"The company and regiment left camp near Fort Harrison, Army of the James the night of March 27th to reinforce the Army of the Potomac, we marched to Hatcher's Run then to Petersburg from there followed the line of the South Side Rail Road in pursuit of Lee's Army. The company was not engaged in any action until April 9, 65, and then but slightly.\" The 41st was assigned to duty at Petersburg from April 11, 1865 until May 25, when it was moved to Edenburg, Texas, for guard and provost duty. The 41st U. S. C. T. mustered out of service at Brownsville, Texas on November 10 and disbanded at Philadelphia on December 14, 1865.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["Company A of the 41st United States Colored Troops was organized at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the autumn of 1864 during the American Civil War. Included on the muster roll is this brief history of the company: \"The company and regiment left camp near Fort Harrison, Army of the James the night of March 27th to reinforce the Army of the Potomac, we marched to Hatcher's Run then to Petersburg from there followed the line of the South Side Rail Road in pursuit of Lee's Army. The company was not engaged in any action until April 9, 65, and then but slightly.\" The 41st was assigned to duty at Petersburg from April 11, 1865 until May 25, when it was moved to Edenburg, Texas, for guard and provost duty. The 41st U. S. C. T. mustered out of service at Brownsville, Texas on November 10 and disbanded at Philadelphia on December 14, 1865."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the 41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the 41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], 41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll, Ms2009-060, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], 41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll, Ms2009-060, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and description of the 41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll commenced and was completed in April 2009.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and description of the 41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll commenced and was completed in April 2009."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a muster roll for Company A, 41st United States Colored Troops during the American Civil War. the roll contains the names of officers and enlisted men within the company, together with the dates, places, and periods of enlistment for each. Also included are pay status and notes for individual soldiers and a brief account of the company's activities.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of a muster roll for Company A, 41st United States Colored Troops during the American Civil War. the roll contains the names of officers and enlisted men within the company, together with the dates, places, and periods of enlistment for each. Also included are pay status and notes for individual soldiers and a brief account of the company's activities."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0c8505c908f97a70ed379e24798c122b\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection includes the muster roll of Company A, 41st United States Colored Troops during the American Civil War.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection includes the muster roll of Company A, 41st United States Colored Troops during the American Civil War."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Army. Colored Infantry Regiment, 41st (1864-1865)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Army. Colored Infantry Regiment, 41st (1864-1865)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:37:57.049Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2479","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2479","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2479","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2479","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2479.xml","title_filing_ssi":"41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll","title_ssm":["41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll"],"title_tesim":["41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll"],"unitdate_ssm":["1865"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2009.060"],"text":["Ms.2009.060","41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll","African Americans -- History","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","The collection is open for research.","Company A of the 41st United States Colored Troops was organized at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the autumn of 1864 during the American Civil War. Included on the muster roll is this brief history of the company: \"The company and regiment left camp near Fort Harrison, Army of the James the night of March 27th to reinforce the Army of the Potomac, we marched to Hatcher's Run then to Petersburg from there followed the line of the South Side Rail Road in pursuit of Lee's Army. The company was not engaged in any action until April 9, 65, and then but slightly.\" The 41st was assigned to duty at Petersburg from April 11, 1865 until May 25, when it was moved to Edenburg, Texas, for guard and provost duty. The 41st U. S. C. T. mustered out of service at Brownsville, Texas on November 10 and disbanded at Philadelphia on December 14, 1865.","The guide to the 41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing and description of the 41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll commenced and was completed in April 2009.","This collection consists of a muster roll for Company A, 41st United States Colored Troops during the American Civil War. the roll contains the names of officers and enlisted men within the company, together with the dates, places, and periods of enlistment for each. Also included are pay status and notes for individual soldiers and a brief account of the company's activities.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection includes the muster roll of Company A, 41st United States Colored Troops during the American Civil War.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Army. Colored Infantry Regiment, 41st (1864-1865)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2009.060"],"normalized_title_ssm":["41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll"],"collection_title_tesim":["41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll"],"collection_ssim":["41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["United States. Army. Colored Infantry Regiment, 41st (1864-1865)"],"creator_ssim":["United States. Army. Colored Infantry Regiment, 41st (1864-1865)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["United States. Army. Colored Infantry Regiment, 41st (1864-1865)"],"creators_ssim":["United States. Army. Colored Infantry Regiment, 41st (1864-1865)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The 41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll was purchased by Special Collections in 2004."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCompany A of the 41st United States Colored Troops was organized at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the autumn of 1864 during the American Civil War. Included on the muster roll is this brief history of the company: \"The company and regiment left camp near Fort Harrison, Army of the James the night of March 27th to reinforce the Army of the Potomac, we marched to Hatcher's Run then to Petersburg from there followed the line of the South Side Rail Road in pursuit of Lee's Army. The company was not engaged in any action until April 9, 65, and then but slightly.\" The 41st was assigned to duty at Petersburg from April 11, 1865 until May 25, when it was moved to Edenburg, Texas, for guard and provost duty. The 41st U. S. C. T. mustered out of service at Brownsville, Texas on November 10 and disbanded at Philadelphia on December 14, 1865.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["Company A of the 41st United States Colored Troops was organized at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the autumn of 1864 during the American Civil War. Included on the muster roll is this brief history of the company: \"The company and regiment left camp near Fort Harrison, Army of the James the night of March 27th to reinforce the Army of the Potomac, we marched to Hatcher's Run then to Petersburg from there followed the line of the South Side Rail Road in pursuit of Lee's Army. The company was not engaged in any action until April 9, 65, and then but slightly.\" The 41st was assigned to duty at Petersburg from April 11, 1865 until May 25, when it was moved to Edenburg, Texas, for guard and provost duty. The 41st U. S. C. T. mustered out of service at Brownsville, Texas on November 10 and disbanded at Philadelphia on December 14, 1865."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the 41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the 41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], 41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll, Ms2009-060, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], 41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll, Ms2009-060, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and description of the 41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll commenced and was completed in April 2009.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and description of the 41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll commenced and was completed in April 2009."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a muster roll for Company A, 41st United States Colored Troops during the American Civil War. the roll contains the names of officers and enlisted men within the company, together with the dates, places, and periods of enlistment for each. Also included are pay status and notes for individual soldiers and a brief account of the company's activities.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of a muster roll for Company A, 41st United States Colored Troops during the American Civil War. the roll contains the names of officers and enlisted men within the company, together with the dates, places, and periods of enlistment for each. Also included are pay status and notes for individual soldiers and a brief account of the company's activities."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0c8505c908f97a70ed379e24798c122b\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection includes the muster roll of Company A, 41st United States Colored Troops during the American Civil War.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection includes the muster roll of Company A, 41st United States Colored Troops during the American Civil War."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Army. Colored Infantry Regiment, 41st (1864-1865)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Army. Colored Infantry Regiment, 41st (1864-1865)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:37:57.049Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2479"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Charles W. Hardin Collection","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4004.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Hardin, Charles W., Collection","title_ssm":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"title_tesim":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1847-1883"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1847-1883"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2022.062"],"text":["Ms.2022.062","Charles W. Hardin Collection","Augusta County (Va.)","Rockbridge County (Va.)","African Americans -- History","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Letters","The collection is open for research.","The items in this collection are arranged by material type.","Charles W. Hardin was born c. 1823 in Augusta County, Virginia. He studied medicine at University of Virginia and continued studies in Philadelphia, and by 1848, he practiced medicine in his home county. Some time after 1860, he moved to Summers, Rockbridge County, Virginia, where he sold general goods. He continued practicing medicine after the Civil War but expressed dismay over the decline of paying clients in postwar rural Virginia. He and his wife had several children, including a daughter named Minta Hardin and a son named Willie. Hardin died in 1899 at the age of eighty-five.","\nSource: ","1850 United States Census, District 2 and A Half, Augusta, Virginia; Roll: 934; Page: 435b. Ancestry.com Database. ","Maryland Medical Journal, a Weekly Journal of Medicine and Surgery. Volume XL, no. 1 (1898): 95.  https://www.google.com/books/edition/Maryland_Medical_Journal/0x2gAAAAMAAJ?hl=en\u0026gbpv=1\u0026dq=charles+w+hardin\u0026pg=RA1-PA95\u0026printsec=frontcover .","The guide to the Charles W. Hardin Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles W. Hardin Collection was completed in October 2022.","This collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia. It includes two ledgers with notes related to patients Hardin treated, including enslaved people prior to the American Civil War. It also includes letters to family members and attorneys. Topics discussed include family health, financial troubles for physicians in Virginia after the Civil War, and an ongoing property dispute following the sale of his mother's land during the Civil War. The collection also includes two poems and a drafted debate response defending the importance of women's education.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899","The materials in this collection are written in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2022.062"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Augusta County (Va.)","Rockbridge County (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.)","Rockbridge County (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899"],"creator_ssim":["Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899"],"creators_ssim":["Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899"],"places_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.)","Rockbridge County (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Letters"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Letters"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters"],"date_range_isim":[1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe items in this collection are arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The items in this collection are arranged by material type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles W. Hardin was born c. 1823 in Augusta County, Virginia. He studied medicine at University of Virginia and continued studies in Philadelphia, and by 1848, he practiced medicine in his home county. Some time after 1860, he moved to Summers, Rockbridge County, Virginia, where he sold general goods. He continued practicing medicine after the Civil War but expressed dismay over the decline of paying clients in postwar rural Virginia. He and his wife had several children, including a daughter named Minta Hardin and a son named Willie. Hardin died in 1899 at the age of eighty-five.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSource: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1850 United States Census, District 2 and A Half, Augusta, Virginia; Roll: 934; Page: 435b. Ancestry.com Database. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaryland Medical Journal, a Weekly Journal of Medicine and Surgery. Volume XL, no. 1 (1898): 95. \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.google.com/books/edition/Maryland_Medical_Journal/0x2gAAAAMAAJ?hl=en\u0026amp;gbpv=1\u0026amp;dq=charles+w+hardin\u0026amp;pg=RA1-PA95\u0026amp;printsec=frontcover\"\u003ehttps://www.google.com/books/edition/Maryland_Medical_Journal/0x2gAAAAMAAJ?hl=en\u0026amp;gbpv=1\u0026amp;dq=charles+w+hardin\u0026amp;pg=RA1-PA95\u0026amp;printsec=frontcover\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles W. Hardin was born c. 1823 in Augusta County, Virginia. He studied medicine at University of Virginia and continued studies in Philadelphia, and by 1848, he practiced medicine in his home county. Some time after 1860, he moved to Summers, Rockbridge County, Virginia, where he sold general goods. He continued practicing medicine after the Civil War but expressed dismay over the decline of paying clients in postwar rural Virginia. He and his wife had several children, including a daughter named Minta Hardin and a son named Willie. Hardin died in 1899 at the age of eighty-five.","\nSource: ","1850 United States Census, District 2 and A Half, Augusta, Virginia; Roll: 934; Page: 435b. Ancestry.com Database. ","Maryland Medical Journal, a Weekly Journal of Medicine and Surgery. Volume XL, no. 1 (1898): 95.  https://www.google.com/books/edition/Maryland_Medical_Journal/0x2gAAAAMAAJ?hl=en\u0026gbpv=1\u0026dq=charles+w+hardin\u0026pg=RA1-PA95\u0026printsec=frontcover ."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charles W. Hardin Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charles W. Hardin Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles W. Hardin Collection, 1847-1890, Ms2022-062, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles W. Hardin Collection, 1847-1890, Ms2022-062, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles W. Hardin Collection was completed in October 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles W. Hardin Collection was completed in October 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia. It includes two ledgers with notes related to patients Hardin treated, including enslaved people prior to the American Civil War. It also includes letters to family members and attorneys. Topics discussed include family health, financial troubles for physicians in Virginia after the Civil War, and an ongoing property dispute following the sale of his mother's land during the Civil War. The collection also includes two poems and a drafted debate response defending the importance of women's education.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia. It includes two ledgers with notes related to patients Hardin treated, including enslaved people prior to the American Civil War. It also includes letters to family members and attorneys. Topics discussed include family health, financial troubles for physicians in Virginia after the Civil War, and an ongoing property dispute following the sale of his mother's land during the Civil War. The collection also includes two poems and a drafted debate response defending the importance of women's education."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e8f02243ec1a340ebd13667a5e2af0eb\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899"],"language_ssim":["The materials in this collection are written in English."],"total_component_count_is":7,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:21:42.755Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4004.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Hardin, Charles W., Collection","title_ssm":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"title_tesim":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1847-1883"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1847-1883"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2022.062"],"text":["Ms.2022.062","Charles W. Hardin Collection","Augusta County (Va.)","Rockbridge County (Va.)","African Americans -- History","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Letters","The collection is open for research.","The items in this collection are arranged by material type.","Charles W. Hardin was born c. 1823 in Augusta County, Virginia. He studied medicine at University of Virginia and continued studies in Philadelphia, and by 1848, he practiced medicine in his home county. Some time after 1860, he moved to Summers, Rockbridge County, Virginia, where he sold general goods. He continued practicing medicine after the Civil War but expressed dismay over the decline of paying clients in postwar rural Virginia. He and his wife had several children, including a daughter named Minta Hardin and a son named Willie. Hardin died in 1899 at the age of eighty-five.","\nSource: ","1850 United States Census, District 2 and A Half, Augusta, Virginia; Roll: 934; Page: 435b. Ancestry.com Database. ","Maryland Medical Journal, a Weekly Journal of Medicine and Surgery. Volume XL, no. 1 (1898): 95.  https://www.google.com/books/edition/Maryland_Medical_Journal/0x2gAAAAMAAJ?hl=en\u0026gbpv=1\u0026dq=charles+w+hardin\u0026pg=RA1-PA95\u0026printsec=frontcover .","The guide to the Charles W. Hardin Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles W. Hardin Collection was completed in October 2022.","This collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia. It includes two ledgers with notes related to patients Hardin treated, including enslaved people prior to the American Civil War. It also includes letters to family members and attorneys. Topics discussed include family health, financial troubles for physicians in Virginia after the Civil War, and an ongoing property dispute following the sale of his mother's land during the Civil War. The collection also includes two poems and a drafted debate response defending the importance of women's education.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899","The materials in this collection are written in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2022.062"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Augusta County (Va.)","Rockbridge County (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.)","Rockbridge County (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899"],"creator_ssim":["Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899"],"creators_ssim":["Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899"],"places_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.)","Rockbridge County (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Letters"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Letters"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters"],"date_range_isim":[1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe items in this collection are arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The items in this collection are arranged by material type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles W. Hardin was born c. 1823 in Augusta County, Virginia. He studied medicine at University of Virginia and continued studies in Philadelphia, and by 1848, he practiced medicine in his home county. Some time after 1860, he moved to Summers, Rockbridge County, Virginia, where he sold general goods. He continued practicing medicine after the Civil War but expressed dismay over the decline of paying clients in postwar rural Virginia. He and his wife had several children, including a daughter named Minta Hardin and a son named Willie. Hardin died in 1899 at the age of eighty-five.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSource: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1850 United States Census, District 2 and A Half, Augusta, Virginia; Roll: 934; Page: 435b. Ancestry.com Database. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaryland Medical Journal, a Weekly Journal of Medicine and Surgery. Volume XL, no. 1 (1898): 95. \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.google.com/books/edition/Maryland_Medical_Journal/0x2gAAAAMAAJ?hl=en\u0026amp;gbpv=1\u0026amp;dq=charles+w+hardin\u0026amp;pg=RA1-PA95\u0026amp;printsec=frontcover\"\u003ehttps://www.google.com/books/edition/Maryland_Medical_Journal/0x2gAAAAMAAJ?hl=en\u0026amp;gbpv=1\u0026amp;dq=charles+w+hardin\u0026amp;pg=RA1-PA95\u0026amp;printsec=frontcover\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles W. Hardin was born c. 1823 in Augusta County, Virginia. He studied medicine at University of Virginia and continued studies in Philadelphia, and by 1848, he practiced medicine in his home county. Some time after 1860, he moved to Summers, Rockbridge County, Virginia, where he sold general goods. He continued practicing medicine after the Civil War but expressed dismay over the decline of paying clients in postwar rural Virginia. He and his wife had several children, including a daughter named Minta Hardin and a son named Willie. Hardin died in 1899 at the age of eighty-five.","\nSource: ","1850 United States Census, District 2 and A Half, Augusta, Virginia; Roll: 934; Page: 435b. Ancestry.com Database. ","Maryland Medical Journal, a Weekly Journal of Medicine and Surgery. Volume XL, no. 1 (1898): 95.  https://www.google.com/books/edition/Maryland_Medical_Journal/0x2gAAAAMAAJ?hl=en\u0026gbpv=1\u0026dq=charles+w+hardin\u0026pg=RA1-PA95\u0026printsec=frontcover ."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charles W. Hardin Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charles W. Hardin Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles W. Hardin Collection, 1847-1890, Ms2022-062, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles W. Hardin Collection, 1847-1890, Ms2022-062, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles W. Hardin Collection was completed in October 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles W. Hardin Collection was completed in October 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia. It includes two ledgers with notes related to patients Hardin treated, including enslaved people prior to the American Civil War. It also includes letters to family members and attorneys. Topics discussed include family health, financial troubles for physicians in Virginia after the Civil War, and an ongoing property dispute following the sale of his mother's land during the Civil War. The collection also includes two poems and a drafted debate response defending the importance of women's education.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia. It includes two ledgers with notes related to patients Hardin treated, including enslaved people prior to the American Civil War. It also includes letters to family members and attorneys. Topics discussed include family health, financial troubles for physicians in Virginia after the Civil War, and an ongoing property dispute following the sale of his mother's land during the Civil War. The collection also includes two poems and a drafted debate response defending the importance of women's education."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e8f02243ec1a340ebd13667a5e2af0eb\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899"],"language_ssim":["The materials in this collection are written in English."],"total_component_count_is":7,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:21:42.755Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3280","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Freedmen's Bureau Special Order","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3280#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection consists of an order issued by Colonel Orlando Brown, superintendent of the 8th District of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (Freedmen's Bureau), on September 14, 1865, written from Christiansburg, Virginia. Special Order No. 12 requested the assistant superintendent of the bureau to report on the condition of freedmen in their districts.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3280#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3280","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3280","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3280","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3280","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3280.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Freedmen's Bureau Special Order","title_ssm":["Freedmen's Bureau Special Order"],"title_tesim":["Freedmen's Bureau Special Order"],"unitdate_ssm":["1865"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2018.022"],"text":["Ms.2018.022","Freedmen's Bureau Special Order","Christiansburg (Va.)","African Americans -- History","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)","The collection is open for research.","The U. S. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (better known as the Freedmen's Bureau) was established in March 1865 to provide provisions, healthcare, and education to refugees and people who were formerly enslaved. It's Virginia operations ended in January 1869, and the bureau was abolished in June 1872.","External Sources: ","\"African American Research at the Library of Virginia to 1870\", Library of Virginia,  https://lva-virginia.libguides.com/african-american/freedmens-bureau , accessed June 11, 2024.","\"The Freedmen's Bureau\" in \"Remaking Virginia: Transformation Through Emancipation\" exhibit, Library of Virginia,  https://www.virginiamemory.com/online-exhibitions/exhibits/show/remaking-virginia/freedmens-bureau , accessed June 11, 2024.","The guide to the Freedmen's Bureau Special Order by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Freedmen's Bureau Special Order was completed in September 2018. Additional description was completed in June 2024.","This collection consists of an order issued by Colonel Orlando Brown, superintendent of the 8th District of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (Freedmen's Bureau), on September 14, 1865, written from Christiansburg, Virginia. Special Order No. 12 requested the assistant superintendent of the bureau to report on the condition of freedmen in their districts in terms of whether they were willing to work for or rent land from the people who formerly enslaved them, how they were working, and how they were treated by the people who formerly enslaved them. It also inquired why they may refuse to work.","Content Warning:  This collection  contains outdated language and racist stereotypes.","The organization that has made the collection available believes that the collection is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The collection may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection consists of an order issued by Colonel Orlando Brown, superintendent of the 8th District of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (Freedmen's Bureau), on September 14, 1865, written from Christiansburg, Virginia.  Special Order No. 12 requested the assistant superintendent of the bureau to report on the condition of freedmen in their districts.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States.  Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2018.022"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Freedmen's Bureau Special Order"],"collection_title_tesim":["Freedmen's Bureau Special Order"],"collection_ssim":["Freedmen's Bureau Special Order"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Christiansburg (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Christiansburg (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Christiansburg (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The organization that has made the collection available believes that the collection is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The collection may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Freedmen's Bureau Special Order was purchased by Special Collections in April 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe U. S. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (better known as the Freedmen's Bureau) was established in March 1865 to provide provisions, healthcare, and education to refugees and people who were formerly enslaved. It's Virginia operations ended in January 1869, and the bureau was abolished in June 1872.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExternal Sources: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"African American Research at the Library of Virginia to 1870\", Library of Virginia, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://lva-virginia.libguides.com/african-american/freedmens-bureau\"\u003ehttps://lva-virginia.libguides.com/african-american/freedmens-bureau\u003c/a\u003e, accessed June 11, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"The Freedmen's Bureau\" in \"Remaking Virginia: Transformation Through Emancipation\" exhibit, Library of Virginia, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.virginiamemory.com/online-exhibitions/exhibits/show/remaking-virginia/freedmens-bureau\"\u003ehttps://www.virginiamemory.com/online-exhibitions/exhibits/show/remaking-virginia/freedmens-bureau\u003c/a\u003e, accessed June 11, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The U. S. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (better known as the Freedmen's Bureau) was established in March 1865 to provide provisions, healthcare, and education to refugees and people who were formerly enslaved. It's Virginia operations ended in January 1869, and the bureau was abolished in June 1872.","External Sources: ","\"African American Research at the Library of Virginia to 1870\", Library of Virginia,  https://lva-virginia.libguides.com/african-american/freedmens-bureau , accessed June 11, 2024.","\"The Freedmen's Bureau\" in \"Remaking Virginia: Transformation Through Emancipation\" exhibit, Library of Virginia,  https://www.virginiamemory.com/online-exhibitions/exhibits/show/remaking-virginia/freedmens-bureau , accessed June 11, 2024."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Freedmen's Bureau Special Order by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Freedmen's Bureau Special Order by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Freedmen's Bureau Special Order, 1865, Ms2018-022, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Freedmen's Bureau Special Order, 1865, Ms2018-022, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Freedmen's Bureau Special Order was completed in September 2018. Additional description was completed in June 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Freedmen's Bureau Special Order was completed in September 2018. Additional description was completed in June 2024."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of an order issued by Colonel Orlando Brown, superintendent of the 8th District of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (Freedmen's Bureau), on September 14, 1865, written from Christiansburg, Virginia. Special Order No. 12 requested the assistant superintendent of the bureau to report on the condition of freedmen in their districts in terms of whether they were willing to work for or rent land from the people who formerly enslaved them, how they were working, and how they were treated by the people who formerly enslaved them. It also inquired why they may refuse to work.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContent Warning:\u003c/emph\u003e This collection  contains outdated language and racist stereotypes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of an order issued by Colonel Orlando Brown, superintendent of the 8th District of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (Freedmen's Bureau), on September 14, 1865, written from Christiansburg, Virginia. Special Order No. 12 requested the assistant superintendent of the bureau to report on the condition of freedmen in their districts in terms of whether they were willing to work for or rent land from the people who formerly enslaved them, how they were working, and how they were treated by the people who formerly enslaved them. It also inquired why they may refuse to work.","Content Warning:  This collection  contains outdated language and racist stereotypes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe organization that has made the collection available believes that the collection is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The collection may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The organization that has made the collection available believes that the collection is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The collection may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_6364691c93606b3b222dc2bb0e32a154\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection consists of an order issued by Colonel Orlando Brown, superintendent of the 8th District of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (Freedmen's Bureau), on September 14, 1865, written from Christiansburg, Virginia.  Special Order No. 12 requested the assistant superintendent of the bureau to report on the condition of freedmen in their districts.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of an order issued by Colonel Orlando Brown, superintendent of the 8th District of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (Freedmen's Bureau), on September 14, 1865, written from Christiansburg, Virginia.  Special Order No. 12 requested the assistant superintendent of the bureau to report on the condition of freedmen in their districts."],"names_coll_ssim":["United States.  Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States.  Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States.  Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:18:21.060Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3280","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3280","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3280","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3280","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3280.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Freedmen's Bureau Special Order","title_ssm":["Freedmen's Bureau Special Order"],"title_tesim":["Freedmen's Bureau Special Order"],"unitdate_ssm":["1865"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2018.022"],"text":["Ms.2018.022","Freedmen's Bureau Special Order","Christiansburg (Va.)","African Americans -- History","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)","The collection is open for research.","The U. S. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (better known as the Freedmen's Bureau) was established in March 1865 to provide provisions, healthcare, and education to refugees and people who were formerly enslaved. It's Virginia operations ended in January 1869, and the bureau was abolished in June 1872.","External Sources: ","\"African American Research at the Library of Virginia to 1870\", Library of Virginia,  https://lva-virginia.libguides.com/african-american/freedmens-bureau , accessed June 11, 2024.","\"The Freedmen's Bureau\" in \"Remaking Virginia: Transformation Through Emancipation\" exhibit, Library of Virginia,  https://www.virginiamemory.com/online-exhibitions/exhibits/show/remaking-virginia/freedmens-bureau , accessed June 11, 2024.","The guide to the Freedmen's Bureau Special Order by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Freedmen's Bureau Special Order was completed in September 2018. Additional description was completed in June 2024.","This collection consists of an order issued by Colonel Orlando Brown, superintendent of the 8th District of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (Freedmen's Bureau), on September 14, 1865, written from Christiansburg, Virginia. Special Order No. 12 requested the assistant superintendent of the bureau to report on the condition of freedmen in their districts in terms of whether they were willing to work for or rent land from the people who formerly enslaved them, how they were working, and how they were treated by the people who formerly enslaved them. It also inquired why they may refuse to work.","Content Warning:  This collection  contains outdated language and racist stereotypes.","The organization that has made the collection available believes that the collection is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The collection may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection consists of an order issued by Colonel Orlando Brown, superintendent of the 8th District of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (Freedmen's Bureau), on September 14, 1865, written from Christiansburg, Virginia.  Special Order No. 12 requested the assistant superintendent of the bureau to report on the condition of freedmen in their districts.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States.  Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2018.022"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Freedmen's Bureau Special Order"],"collection_title_tesim":["Freedmen's Bureau Special Order"],"collection_ssim":["Freedmen's Bureau Special Order"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Christiansburg (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Christiansburg (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Christiansburg (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The organization that has made the collection available believes that the collection is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The collection may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Freedmen's Bureau Special Order was purchased by Special Collections in April 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe U. S. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (better known as the Freedmen's Bureau) was established in March 1865 to provide provisions, healthcare, and education to refugees and people who were formerly enslaved. It's Virginia operations ended in January 1869, and the bureau was abolished in June 1872.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExternal Sources: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"African American Research at the Library of Virginia to 1870\", Library of Virginia, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://lva-virginia.libguides.com/african-american/freedmens-bureau\"\u003ehttps://lva-virginia.libguides.com/african-american/freedmens-bureau\u003c/a\u003e, accessed June 11, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"The Freedmen's Bureau\" in \"Remaking Virginia: Transformation Through Emancipation\" exhibit, Library of Virginia, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.virginiamemory.com/online-exhibitions/exhibits/show/remaking-virginia/freedmens-bureau\"\u003ehttps://www.virginiamemory.com/online-exhibitions/exhibits/show/remaking-virginia/freedmens-bureau\u003c/a\u003e, accessed June 11, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The U. S. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (better known as the Freedmen's Bureau) was established in March 1865 to provide provisions, healthcare, and education to refugees and people who were formerly enslaved. It's Virginia operations ended in January 1869, and the bureau was abolished in June 1872.","External Sources: ","\"African American Research at the Library of Virginia to 1870\", Library of Virginia,  https://lva-virginia.libguides.com/african-american/freedmens-bureau , accessed June 11, 2024.","\"The Freedmen's Bureau\" in \"Remaking Virginia: Transformation Through Emancipation\" exhibit, Library of Virginia,  https://www.virginiamemory.com/online-exhibitions/exhibits/show/remaking-virginia/freedmens-bureau , accessed June 11, 2024."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Freedmen's Bureau Special Order by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Freedmen's Bureau Special Order by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Freedmen's Bureau Special Order, 1865, Ms2018-022, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Freedmen's Bureau Special Order, 1865, Ms2018-022, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Freedmen's Bureau Special Order was completed in September 2018. Additional description was completed in June 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Freedmen's Bureau Special Order was completed in September 2018. Additional description was completed in June 2024."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of an order issued by Colonel Orlando Brown, superintendent of the 8th District of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (Freedmen's Bureau), on September 14, 1865, written from Christiansburg, Virginia. Special Order No. 12 requested the assistant superintendent of the bureau to report on the condition of freedmen in their districts in terms of whether they were willing to work for or rent land from the people who formerly enslaved them, how they were working, and how they were treated by the people who formerly enslaved them. It also inquired why they may refuse to work.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContent Warning:\u003c/emph\u003e This collection  contains outdated language and racist stereotypes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of an order issued by Colonel Orlando Brown, superintendent of the 8th District of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (Freedmen's Bureau), on September 14, 1865, written from Christiansburg, Virginia. Special Order No. 12 requested the assistant superintendent of the bureau to report on the condition of freedmen in their districts in terms of whether they were willing to work for or rent land from the people who formerly enslaved them, how they were working, and how they were treated by the people who formerly enslaved them. It also inquired why they may refuse to work.","Content Warning:  This collection  contains outdated language and racist stereotypes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe organization that has made the collection available believes that the collection is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The collection may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The organization that has made the collection available believes that the collection is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The collection may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_6364691c93606b3b222dc2bb0e32a154\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection consists of an order issued by Colonel Orlando Brown, superintendent of the 8th District of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (Freedmen's Bureau), on September 14, 1865, written from Christiansburg, Virginia.  Special Order No. 12 requested the assistant superintendent of the bureau to report on the condition of freedmen in their districts.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of an order issued by Colonel Orlando Brown, superintendent of the 8th District of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (Freedmen's Bureau), on September 14, 1865, written from Christiansburg, Virginia.  Special Order No. 12 requested the assistant superintendent of the bureau to report on the condition of freedmen in their districts."],"names_coll_ssim":["United States.  Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States.  Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States.  Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:18:21.060Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3280"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3250","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Stereoview Collection","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3250#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes stereoviews, mostly of Civil War-era or Civil War-related images. 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Identified on the reverse with a paper label \"The Daughter of the Regiment.\" Vivandieres, sometimes known as cantinieres, were women who followed the army to provide support for the troops. Often, a vivandiere would have been a young woman the daughter of an officer or wife of a non-commissioned officer who wore a uniform and braved battles to provide care for wounded soldiers on the battlefield.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStereoview of VPI Corps of Cadets in South Carolina, passing President Roosevelt, 1902.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes stereoviews, mostly of Civil War-era or Civil War-related images. Items in the collection are individually described in the contents list of the finding aid. ","Please note: Stereoviews can be viewed without equipment, but Special Collections does have a stereoscope available upon request. ","Stereoview of a camp scene in which the focal point is five Black musicians. The banjo player and the guitarist are centered, the tamborine man on the outside, the instruments of the other two is difficult to determine. the left image is slightly undertrimmed","Period stereoview by E. \u0026 H. T. Anthony, 1865, on yellow mount with title on the reverse, \"Libby Prison, North side, Richmond, Va. published by E. \u0026 H. T. Anthony, # 3161\"","Stereoview of a Vivandière playing her drum. Identified on the reverse with a paper label \"The Daughter of the Regiment.\" Vivandieres, sometimes known as cantinieres, were women who followed the army to provide support for the troops. 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Items in the collection are individually described in the contents list of the finding aid. ","Please note: Stereoviews can be viewed without equipment, but Special Collections does have a stereoscope available upon request. ","Stereoview of a camp scene in which the focal point is five Black musicians. The banjo player and the guitarist are centered, the tamborine man on the outside, the instruments of the other two is difficult to determine. the left image is slightly undertrimmed","Period stereoview by E. \u0026 H. T. Anthony, 1865, on yellow mount with title on the reverse, \"Libby Prison, North side, Richmond, Va. published by E. \u0026 H. T. Anthony, # 3161\"","Stereoview of a Vivandière playing her drum. Identified on the reverse with a paper label \"The Daughter of the Regiment.\" Vivandieres, sometimes known as cantinieres, were women who followed the army to provide support for the troops. Often, a vivandiere would have been a young woman the daughter of an officer or wife of a non-commissioned officer who wore a uniform and braved battles to provide care for wounded soldiers on the battlefield.","Stereoview of VPI Corps of Cadets in South Carolina, passing President Roosevelt, 1902.","Permission to publish material from Stereoview Collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Libby Prison","English \n.    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Items in the collection are individually described in the contents list of the finding aid. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease note: Stereoviews can be viewed without equipment, but Special Collections does have a stereoscope available upon request. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStereoview of a camp scene in which the focal point is five Black musicians. The banjo player and the guitarist are centered, the tamborine man on the outside, the instruments of the other two is difficult to determine. the left image is slightly undertrimmed\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePeriod stereoview by E. \u0026amp; H. T. Anthony, 1865, on yellow mount with title on the reverse, \"Libby Prison, North side, Richmond, Va. published by E. \u0026amp; H. T. Anthony, # 3161\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStereoview of a Vivandière playing her drum. Identified on the reverse with a paper label \"The Daughter of the Regiment.\" Vivandieres, sometimes known as cantinieres, were women who followed the army to provide support for the troops. Often, a vivandiere would have been a young woman the daughter of an officer or wife of a non-commissioned officer who wore a uniform and braved battles to provide care for wounded soldiers on the battlefield.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStereoview of VPI Corps of Cadets in South Carolina, passing President Roosevelt, 1902.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes stereoviews, mostly of Civil War-era or Civil War-related images. Items in the collection are individually described in the contents list of the finding aid. ","Please note: Stereoviews can be viewed without equipment, but Special Collections does have a stereoscope available upon request. ","Stereoview of a camp scene in which the focal point is five Black musicians. The banjo player and the guitarist are centered, the tamborine man on the outside, the instruments of the other two is difficult to determine. the left image is slightly undertrimmed","Period stereoview by E. \u0026 H. T. Anthony, 1865, on yellow mount with title on the reverse, \"Libby Prison, North side, Richmond, Va. published by E. \u0026 H. T. Anthony, # 3161\"","Stereoview of a Vivandière playing her drum. Identified on the reverse with a paper label \"The Daughter of the Regiment.\" Vivandieres, sometimes known as cantinieres, were women who followed the army to provide support for the troops. 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"],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:35:14.112Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3250"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4113","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4113#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, 1818-1883","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4113#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This manuscript entitled \"The 24th Corps\" was likely written by General Edward O. C. Ord and his assistant Lieutenant Colonel Thomas G. Welles and accounts the troop movements of the 24th Corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The 24th Corps was formed in 1864 after the Army of the James separated white and Black troops into two units, the 24th and 25th Corps respectively, and the manuscript discusses this.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4113#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4113","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4113","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4113","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4113","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4113.xml","title_filing_ssi":"\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript","title_ssm":["\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript"],"title_tesim":["\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1865"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["c. 1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2023.063"],"text":["Ms.2023.063","\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript","African Americans -- History","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","The collection is open for research.","The Union Army's Army of the James was created in April 1864. In December, the Army of the James reorganized into two units with the white troops becoming the 24th Corps and the Black troops forming the 25th Corps. The 25th Corps were among the first Union troops to enter Richmond, Virginia, in April 1865, while the 24th Corps were at Appommattox, where General Robert E. Lee surrendered on April 9. ","General Edward O. C. Ord (1818-1883) was a military officer for the United States Army after his graduation from West Point. During the Mexican-American War, he was stationed with William T. Sherman building forts in California. At the outbreak of the  Civil War, Ord was sent to Virginia where he led many successful military campaigns against the Confederacy. Ord's leadership of the 24th Corps was key to the conclusion of the war when Lee surrendered in Appomattox. ","Thomas G. Welles (1846-1892) was the son of Gideon Welles, the Secretary of the Navy during the American Civil War, and his wife Mary Jane Hale Welles. Welles served as the assistant to General Edward O. C. Ord, the commander of the Army of the James. According to Duke University, he also served as an attorney in Hartford, Connecticut.","External sources: ","Peter Luebke, \"Army of the James\" (December 7, 2020), in  Encyclopedia Virginia, https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/army-of-the-james , accessed on March 18, 2024.","\"Edward Otho C. Ord (1818–1883)\" (September 8, 2020), in  Arkansas Encylopedia, https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/edward-otho-c-ord-5775/ , accessed on June 28, 2023.","\"Thomas Glastonbury Welles\", findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/14626004/thomas-glastonbury-welles , accessed on June 28, 2023.","Thomas Glastonbury Welles, \"Letters, 1866-1869,\" David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina,  https://find.library.duke.edu/catalog/DUKE002440974 , accessed on March 18, 2024.","The guide to \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript was completed in June 2023. Additional description was completed in March 2024.","Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives also has the  William Burgess Letter, Ms1989-050,  which discusses General Edward Ord, and  Appomattox commander : the story of General E.O.C. Ord  by  Bernarr Cresap (Call number: E467.1.O7 C69 copy 2 Spec Civil War).","See the  General Edward O. C. Ord entry at the SNAC Cooperative  for more archival resources related to Ord at other institutions. ","See the  Thomas Glastonbury Welles Letters, 1866-1869,  at the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.","This manuscript entitled \"The 24th Corps\" was likely written by General Edward O. C. Ord and his assistant Lieutenant Colonel Thomas G. Welles and accounts the troop movements of the 24th Corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The primary focus is the leadership of Ord as he led the Army of the James to Appomattox, where General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses Grant in 1865. The 24th Corps was formed in 1864 after the Army of the James separated white and Black troops into two units, the 24th and 25th Corps respectively, and the manuscript discusses this. The writing of the manuscript is believed to be Welles's with edits believed to have been made by Ord.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This manuscript entitled \"The 24th Corps\" was likely written by General Edward O. C. Ord and his assistant Lieutenant Colonel Thomas G. Welles and accounts the troop movements of the 24th Corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The 24th Corps was formed in 1864 after the Army of the James separated white and Black troops into two units, the 24th and 25th Corps respectively, and the manuscript discusses this.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Army. Corps, 24th (1864-1865)","Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, 1818-1883","Welles, Thomas G., 1846-1892","The material in this collection is in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2023.063"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript"],"collection_title_tesim":["\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript"],"collection_ssim":["\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, 1818-1883","Welles, Thomas G., 1846-1892"],"creator_ssim":["Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, 1818-1883","Welles, Thomas G., 1846-1892"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, 1818-1883","Welles, Thomas G., 1846-1892"],"creators_ssim":["Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, 1818-1883","Welles, Thomas G., 1846-1892"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in October 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Union Army's Army of the James was created in April 1864. In December, the Army of the James reorganized into two units with the white troops becoming the 24th Corps and the Black troops forming the 25th Corps. The 25th Corps were among the first Union troops to enter Richmond, Virginia, in April 1865, while the 24th Corps were at Appommattox, where General Robert E. Lee surrendered on April 9. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Edward O. C. Ord (1818-1883) was a military officer for the United States Army after his graduation from West Point. During the Mexican-American War, he was stationed with William T. Sherman building forts in California. At the outbreak of the  Civil War, Ord was sent to Virginia where he led many successful military campaigns against the Confederacy. Ord's leadership of the 24th Corps was key to the conclusion of the war when Lee surrendered in Appomattox. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThomas G. Welles (1846-1892) was the son of Gideon Welles, the Secretary of the Navy during the American Civil War, and his wife Mary Jane Hale Welles. Welles served as the assistant to General Edward O. C. Ord, the commander of the Army of the James. According to Duke University, he also served as an attorney in Hartford, Connecticut.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExternal sources: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePeter Luebke, \"Army of the James\" (December 7, 2020), in \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eEncyclopedia Virginia,\u003c/title\u003e \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/army-of-the-james\"\u003ehttps://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/army-of-the-james\u003c/a\u003e, accessed on March 18, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Edward Otho C. Ord (1818–1883)\" (September 8, 2020), in \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eArkansas Encylopedia,\u003c/title\u003e \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/edward-otho-c-ord-5775/\"\u003ehttps://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/edward-otho-c-ord-5775/\u003c/a\u003e, accessed on June 28, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Thomas Glastonbury Welles\", findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/14626004/thomas-glastonbury-welles\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/14626004/thomas-glastonbury-welles\u003c/a\u003e, accessed on June 28, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThomas Glastonbury Welles, \"Letters, 1866-1869,\" David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://find.library.duke.edu/catalog/DUKE002440974\"\u003ehttps://find.library.duke.edu/catalog/DUKE002440974\u003c/a\u003e, accessed on March 18, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical and Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Union Army's Army of the James was created in April 1864. In December, the Army of the James reorganized into two units with the white troops becoming the 24th Corps and the Black troops forming the 25th Corps. The 25th Corps were among the first Union troops to enter Richmond, Virginia, in April 1865, while the 24th Corps were at Appommattox, where General Robert E. Lee surrendered on April 9. ","General Edward O. C. Ord (1818-1883) was a military officer for the United States Army after his graduation from West Point. During the Mexican-American War, he was stationed with William T. Sherman building forts in California. At the outbreak of the  Civil War, Ord was sent to Virginia where he led many successful military campaigns against the Confederacy. Ord's leadership of the 24th Corps was key to the conclusion of the war when Lee surrendered in Appomattox. ","Thomas G. Welles (1846-1892) was the son of Gideon Welles, the Secretary of the Navy during the American Civil War, and his wife Mary Jane Hale Welles. Welles served as the assistant to General Edward O. C. Ord, the commander of the Army of the James. According to Duke University, he also served as an attorney in Hartford, Connecticut.","External sources: ","Peter Luebke, \"Army of the James\" (December 7, 2020), in  Encyclopedia Virginia, https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/army-of-the-james , accessed on March 18, 2024.","\"Edward Otho C. Ord (1818–1883)\" (September 8, 2020), in  Arkansas Encylopedia, https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/edward-otho-c-ord-5775/ , accessed on June 28, 2023.","\"Thomas Glastonbury Welles\", findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/14626004/thomas-glastonbury-welles , accessed on June 28, 2023.","Thomas Glastonbury Welles, \"Letters, 1866-1869,\" David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina,  https://find.library.duke.edu/catalog/DUKE002440974 , accessed on March 18, 2024."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript, c. 1865, Ms2023-063, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript, c. 1865, Ms2023-063, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript was completed in June 2023. Additional description was completed in March 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript was completed in June 2023. Additional description was completed in March 2024."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives also has the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1677.xml\"\u003eWilliam Burgess Letter, Ms1989-050,\u003c/a\u003e which discusses General Edward Ord, and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAppomattox commander : the story of General E.O.C. Ord\u003c/title\u003e by  Bernarr Cresap (Call number: E467.1.O7 C69 copy 2 Spec Civil War).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6h422xj\"\u003eGeneral Edward O. C. Ord entry at the SNAC Cooperative\u003c/a\u003e for more archival resources related to Ord at other institutions. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://find.library.duke.edu/catalog/DUKE002440974\"\u003eThomas Glastonbury Welles Letters, 1866-1869,\u003c/a\u003e at the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives also has the  William Burgess Letter, Ms1989-050,  which discusses General Edward Ord, and  Appomattox commander : the story of General E.O.C. Ord  by  Bernarr Cresap (Call number: E467.1.O7 C69 copy 2 Spec Civil War).","See the  General Edward O. C. Ord entry at the SNAC Cooperative  for more archival resources related to Ord at other institutions. ","See the  Thomas Glastonbury Welles Letters, 1866-1869,  at the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis manuscript entitled \"The 24th Corps\" was likely written by General Edward O. C. Ord and his assistant Lieutenant Colonel Thomas G. Welles and accounts the troop movements of the 24th Corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The primary focus is the leadership of Ord as he led the Army of the James to Appomattox, where General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses Grant in 1865. The 24th Corps was formed in 1864 after the Army of the James separated white and Black troops into two units, the 24th and 25th Corps respectively, and the manuscript discusses this. The writing of the manuscript is believed to be Welles's with edits believed to have been made by Ord.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This manuscript entitled \"The 24th Corps\" was likely written by General Edward O. C. Ord and his assistant Lieutenant Colonel Thomas G. Welles and accounts the troop movements of the 24th Corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The primary focus is the leadership of Ord as he led the Army of the James to Appomattox, where General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses Grant in 1865. The 24th Corps was formed in 1864 after the Army of the James separated white and Black troops into two units, the 24th and 25th Corps respectively, and the manuscript discusses this. The writing of the manuscript is believed to be Welles's with edits believed to have been made by Ord."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_bf2ee5add69be465d2b8549b611f5609\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis manuscript entitled \"The 24th Corps\" was likely written by General Edward O. C. Ord and his assistant Lieutenant Colonel Thomas G. Welles and accounts the troop movements of the 24th Corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The 24th Corps was formed in 1864 after the Army of the James separated white and Black troops into two units, the 24th and 25th Corps respectively, and the manuscript discusses this.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This manuscript entitled \"The 24th Corps\" was likely written by General Edward O. C. Ord and his assistant Lieutenant Colonel Thomas G. Welles and accounts the troop movements of the 24th Corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The 24th Corps was formed in 1864 after the Army of the James separated white and Black troops into two units, the 24th and 25th Corps respectively, and the manuscript discusses this."],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Army. Corps, 24th (1864-1865)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Army. Corps, 24th (1864-1865)","Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, 1818-1883","Welles, Thomas G., 1846-1892"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Army. Corps, 24th (1864-1865)"],"persname_ssim":["Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, 1818-1883","Welles, Thomas G., 1846-1892"],"language_ssim":["The material in this collection is in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:12:46.742Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4113","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4113","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4113","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4113","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4113.xml","title_filing_ssi":"\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript","title_ssm":["\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript"],"title_tesim":["\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1865"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["c. 1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2023.063"],"text":["Ms.2023.063","\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript","African Americans -- History","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","The collection is open for research.","The Union Army's Army of the James was created in April 1864. In December, the Army of the James reorganized into two units with the white troops becoming the 24th Corps and the Black troops forming the 25th Corps. The 25th Corps were among the first Union troops to enter Richmond, Virginia, in April 1865, while the 24th Corps were at Appommattox, where General Robert E. Lee surrendered on April 9. ","General Edward O. C. Ord (1818-1883) was a military officer for the United States Army after his graduation from West Point. During the Mexican-American War, he was stationed with William T. Sherman building forts in California. At the outbreak of the  Civil War, Ord was sent to Virginia where he led many successful military campaigns against the Confederacy. Ord's leadership of the 24th Corps was key to the conclusion of the war when Lee surrendered in Appomattox. ","Thomas G. Welles (1846-1892) was the son of Gideon Welles, the Secretary of the Navy during the American Civil War, and his wife Mary Jane Hale Welles. Welles served as the assistant to General Edward O. C. Ord, the commander of the Army of the James. According to Duke University, he also served as an attorney in Hartford, Connecticut.","External sources: ","Peter Luebke, \"Army of the James\" (December 7, 2020), in  Encyclopedia Virginia, https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/army-of-the-james , accessed on March 18, 2024.","\"Edward Otho C. Ord (1818–1883)\" (September 8, 2020), in  Arkansas Encylopedia, https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/edward-otho-c-ord-5775/ , accessed on June 28, 2023.","\"Thomas Glastonbury Welles\", findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/14626004/thomas-glastonbury-welles , accessed on June 28, 2023.","Thomas Glastonbury Welles, \"Letters, 1866-1869,\" David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina,  https://find.library.duke.edu/catalog/DUKE002440974 , accessed on March 18, 2024.","The guide to \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript was completed in June 2023. Additional description was completed in March 2024.","Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives also has the  William Burgess Letter, Ms1989-050,  which discusses General Edward Ord, and  Appomattox commander : the story of General E.O.C. Ord  by  Bernarr Cresap (Call number: E467.1.O7 C69 copy 2 Spec Civil War).","See the  General Edward O. C. Ord entry at the SNAC Cooperative  for more archival resources related to Ord at other institutions. ","See the  Thomas Glastonbury Welles Letters, 1866-1869,  at the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.","This manuscript entitled \"The 24th Corps\" was likely written by General Edward O. C. Ord and his assistant Lieutenant Colonel Thomas G. Welles and accounts the troop movements of the 24th Corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The primary focus is the leadership of Ord as he led the Army of the James to Appomattox, where General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses Grant in 1865. The 24th Corps was formed in 1864 after the Army of the James separated white and Black troops into two units, the 24th and 25th Corps respectively, and the manuscript discusses this. The writing of the manuscript is believed to be Welles's with edits believed to have been made by Ord.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This manuscript entitled \"The 24th Corps\" was likely written by General Edward O. C. Ord and his assistant Lieutenant Colonel Thomas G. Welles and accounts the troop movements of the 24th Corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The 24th Corps was formed in 1864 after the Army of the James separated white and Black troops into two units, the 24th and 25th Corps respectively, and the manuscript discusses this.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Army. Corps, 24th (1864-1865)","Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, 1818-1883","Welles, Thomas G., 1846-1892","The material in this collection is in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2023.063"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript"],"collection_title_tesim":["\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript"],"collection_ssim":["\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, 1818-1883","Welles, Thomas G., 1846-1892"],"creator_ssim":["Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, 1818-1883","Welles, Thomas G., 1846-1892"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, 1818-1883","Welles, Thomas G., 1846-1892"],"creators_ssim":["Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, 1818-1883","Welles, Thomas G., 1846-1892"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in October 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Union Army's Army of the James was created in April 1864. In December, the Army of the James reorganized into two units with the white troops becoming the 24th Corps and the Black troops forming the 25th Corps. The 25th Corps were among the first Union troops to enter Richmond, Virginia, in April 1865, while the 24th Corps were at Appommattox, where General Robert E. Lee surrendered on April 9. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Edward O. C. Ord (1818-1883) was a military officer for the United States Army after his graduation from West Point. During the Mexican-American War, he was stationed with William T. Sherman building forts in California. At the outbreak of the  Civil War, Ord was sent to Virginia where he led many successful military campaigns against the Confederacy. Ord's leadership of the 24th Corps was key to the conclusion of the war when Lee surrendered in Appomattox. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThomas G. Welles (1846-1892) was the son of Gideon Welles, the Secretary of the Navy during the American Civil War, and his wife Mary Jane Hale Welles. Welles served as the assistant to General Edward O. C. Ord, the commander of the Army of the James. According to Duke University, he also served as an attorney in Hartford, Connecticut.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExternal sources: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePeter Luebke, \"Army of the James\" (December 7, 2020), in \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eEncyclopedia Virginia,\u003c/title\u003e \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/army-of-the-james\"\u003ehttps://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/army-of-the-james\u003c/a\u003e, accessed on March 18, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Edward Otho C. Ord (1818–1883)\" (September 8, 2020), in \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eArkansas Encylopedia,\u003c/title\u003e \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/edward-otho-c-ord-5775/\"\u003ehttps://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/edward-otho-c-ord-5775/\u003c/a\u003e, accessed on June 28, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Thomas Glastonbury Welles\", findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/14626004/thomas-glastonbury-welles\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/14626004/thomas-glastonbury-welles\u003c/a\u003e, accessed on June 28, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThomas Glastonbury Welles, \"Letters, 1866-1869,\" David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://find.library.duke.edu/catalog/DUKE002440974\"\u003ehttps://find.library.duke.edu/catalog/DUKE002440974\u003c/a\u003e, accessed on March 18, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical and Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Union Army's Army of the James was created in April 1864. In December, the Army of the James reorganized into two units with the white troops becoming the 24th Corps and the Black troops forming the 25th Corps. The 25th Corps were among the first Union troops to enter Richmond, Virginia, in April 1865, while the 24th Corps were at Appommattox, where General Robert E. Lee surrendered on April 9. ","General Edward O. C. Ord (1818-1883) was a military officer for the United States Army after his graduation from West Point. During the Mexican-American War, he was stationed with William T. Sherman building forts in California. At the outbreak of the  Civil War, Ord was sent to Virginia where he led many successful military campaigns against the Confederacy. Ord's leadership of the 24th Corps was key to the conclusion of the war when Lee surrendered in Appomattox. ","Thomas G. Welles (1846-1892) was the son of Gideon Welles, the Secretary of the Navy during the American Civil War, and his wife Mary Jane Hale Welles. Welles served as the assistant to General Edward O. C. Ord, the commander of the Army of the James. According to Duke University, he also served as an attorney in Hartford, Connecticut.","External sources: ","Peter Luebke, \"Army of the James\" (December 7, 2020), in  Encyclopedia Virginia, https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/army-of-the-james , accessed on March 18, 2024.","\"Edward Otho C. Ord (1818–1883)\" (September 8, 2020), in  Arkansas Encylopedia, https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/edward-otho-c-ord-5775/ , accessed on June 28, 2023.","\"Thomas Glastonbury Welles\", findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/14626004/thomas-glastonbury-welles , accessed on June 28, 2023.","Thomas Glastonbury Welles, \"Letters, 1866-1869,\" David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina,  https://find.library.duke.edu/catalog/DUKE002440974 , accessed on March 18, 2024."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript, c. 1865, Ms2023-063, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript, c. 1865, Ms2023-063, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript was completed in June 2023. Additional description was completed in March 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of \"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript was completed in June 2023. Additional description was completed in March 2024."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives also has the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1677.xml\"\u003eWilliam Burgess Letter, Ms1989-050,\u003c/a\u003e which discusses General Edward Ord, and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAppomattox commander : the story of General E.O.C. Ord\u003c/title\u003e by  Bernarr Cresap (Call number: E467.1.O7 C69 copy 2 Spec Civil War).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6h422xj\"\u003eGeneral Edward O. C. Ord entry at the SNAC Cooperative\u003c/a\u003e for more archival resources related to Ord at other institutions. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://find.library.duke.edu/catalog/DUKE002440974\"\u003eThomas Glastonbury Welles Letters, 1866-1869,\u003c/a\u003e at the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives also has the  William Burgess Letter, Ms1989-050,  which discusses General Edward Ord, and  Appomattox commander : the story of General E.O.C. Ord  by  Bernarr Cresap (Call number: E467.1.O7 C69 copy 2 Spec Civil War).","See the  General Edward O. C. Ord entry at the SNAC Cooperative  for more archival resources related to Ord at other institutions. ","See the  Thomas Glastonbury Welles Letters, 1866-1869,  at the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis manuscript entitled \"The 24th Corps\" was likely written by General Edward O. C. Ord and his assistant Lieutenant Colonel Thomas G. Welles and accounts the troop movements of the 24th Corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The primary focus is the leadership of Ord as he led the Army of the James to Appomattox, where General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses Grant in 1865. The 24th Corps was formed in 1864 after the Army of the James separated white and Black troops into two units, the 24th and 25th Corps respectively, and the manuscript discusses this. The writing of the manuscript is believed to be Welles's with edits believed to have been made by Ord.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This manuscript entitled \"The 24th Corps\" was likely written by General Edward O. C. Ord and his assistant Lieutenant Colonel Thomas G. Welles and accounts the troop movements of the 24th Corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The primary focus is the leadership of Ord as he led the Army of the James to Appomattox, where General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses Grant in 1865. The 24th Corps was formed in 1864 after the Army of the James separated white and Black troops into two units, the 24th and 25th Corps respectively, and the manuscript discusses this. The writing of the manuscript is believed to be Welles's with edits believed to have been made by Ord."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_bf2ee5add69be465d2b8549b611f5609\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis manuscript entitled \"The 24th Corps\" was likely written by General Edward O. C. Ord and his assistant Lieutenant Colonel Thomas G. Welles and accounts the troop movements of the 24th Corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The 24th Corps was formed in 1864 after the Army of the James separated white and Black troops into two units, the 24th and 25th Corps respectively, and the manuscript discusses this.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This manuscript entitled \"The 24th Corps\" was likely written by General Edward O. C. Ord and his assistant Lieutenant Colonel Thomas G. Welles and accounts the troop movements of the 24th Corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The 24th Corps was formed in 1864 after the Army of the James separated white and Black troops into two units, the 24th and 25th Corps respectively, and the manuscript discusses this."],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Army. Corps, 24th (1864-1865)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Army. Corps, 24th (1864-1865)","Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, 1818-1883","Welles, Thomas G., 1846-1892"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Army. Corps, 24th (1864-1865)"],"persname_ssim":["Ord, Edward Otho Cresap, 1818-1883","Welles, Thomas G., 1846-1892"],"language_ssim":["The material in this collection is in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:12:46.742Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4113"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3332","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3332#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Howard, Thomas Henry, 1834-1910","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3332#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book was written by Dr. Thomas Henry Howard, a doctor in Floyd, VA who served as a Confederate doctor. The book is filled with names of patients, the services performed, and the payment received for each entry before, during, and after the Civil War.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3332#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3332","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3332","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3332","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3332","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3332.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Howard, Thomas Henry Manuscript Account Book","title_ssm":["Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book"],"title_tesim":["Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book"],"unitdate_ssm":["1860-1868"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1860-1868"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2019.007"],"text":["Ms.2019.007","Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book","African Americans -- History","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Medicine","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","The collection is open for research.","The native born Virginian Dr. Thomas Henry Howard (1834-1910) graduated in March 1861 from Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia and save for his wartime service as a Confederate surgeon, he practiced exclusively in Floyd County, Virginia. His wartime service included acting assistant surgeon in Lynchburg hospitals in 1862, assistant surgeon with the 14th Va. Infantry in 1863, and acting assistant surgeon with the 30th Virginia Infantry in 1864. He was likely married to Fanny Irene Johnston in 1874.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book was completed in February 2019.","The Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book is filled with names of patients and the services performed and the payment received for each entry before, during, and after the Civil War. Dr. Howard's entries include the names of his patients, date of services and fees charged together with short descriptions of medical services rendered. Services included visits and medicines, \"cupping\", \"strenthening plaster\", dressing wounds, attending pregnant women - \"attending wife in parturition\", delivery of children \"Tending wife in childbirth\", Tobacco, and cutting gums. Medical treatment was also administered to local slaves as when Dr. Howard charged Fleming Howery $2.00 \"For medical attendance on Negroe child of James Ferguson estate\". Post-war African-American patients are noted by the addition of the word \"colored\" in parenthesis after their names.","Permission to publish material from Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book  must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","The Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book was written by Dr. Thomas Henry Howard, a doctor in Floyd, VA who served as a Confederate doctor. The book is filled with names of patients, the services performed, and the payment received for each entry before, during, and after the Civil War.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Howard, Thomas Henry, 1834-1910","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2019.007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Howard, Thomas Henry, 1834-1910"],"creator_ssim":["Howard, Thomas Henry, 1834-1910"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Howard, Thomas Henry, 1834-1910"],"creators_ssim":["Howard, Thomas Henry, 1834-1910"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book  must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book was purchased by Special Collections in 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Medicine","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Medicine","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe native born Virginian Dr. Thomas Henry Howard (1834-1910) graduated in March 1861 from Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia and save for his wartime service as a Confederate surgeon, he practiced exclusively in Floyd County, Virginia. His wartime service included acting assistant surgeon in Lynchburg hospitals in 1862, assistant surgeon with the 14th Va. Infantry in 1863, and acting assistant surgeon with the 30th Virginia Infantry in 1864. He was likely married to Fanny Irene Johnston in 1874.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The native born Virginian Dr. Thomas Henry Howard (1834-1910) graduated in March 1861 from Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia and save for his wartime service as a Confederate surgeon, he practiced exclusively in Floyd County, Virginia. His wartime service included acting assistant surgeon in Lynchburg hospitals in 1862, assistant surgeon with the 14th Va. Infantry in 1863, and acting assistant surgeon with the 30th Virginia Infantry in 1864. He was likely married to Fanny Irene Johnston in 1874."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book , Ms2019-007, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book , Ms2019-007, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book was completed in February 2019.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book was completed in February 2019."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book is filled with names of patients and the services performed and the payment received for each entry before, during, and after the Civil War. Dr. Howard's entries include the names of his patients, date of services and fees charged together with short descriptions of medical services rendered. Services included visits and medicines, \"cupping\", \"strenthening plaster\", dressing wounds, attending pregnant women - \"attending wife in parturition\", delivery of children \"Tending wife in childbirth\", Tobacco, and cutting gums. Medical treatment was also administered to local slaves as when Dr. Howard charged Fleming Howery $2.00 \"For medical attendance on Negroe child of James Ferguson estate\". Post-war African-American patients are noted by the addition of the word \"colored\" in parenthesis after their names.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book is filled with names of patients and the services performed and the payment received for each entry before, during, and after the Civil War. Dr. Howard's entries include the names of his patients, date of services and fees charged together with short descriptions of medical services rendered. Services included visits and medicines, \"cupping\", \"strenthening plaster\", dressing wounds, attending pregnant women - \"attending wife in parturition\", delivery of children \"Tending wife in childbirth\", Tobacco, and cutting gums. Medical treatment was also administered to local slaves as when Dr. Howard charged Fleming Howery $2.00 \"For medical attendance on Negroe child of James Ferguson estate\". Post-war African-American patients are noted by the addition of the word \"colored\" in parenthesis after their names."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book  must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book  must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_cd735c6c44da3897b21e72aee41ff207\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book was written by Dr. Thomas Henry Howard, a doctor in Floyd, VA who served as a Confederate doctor. The book is filled with names of patients, the services performed, and the payment received for each entry before, during, and after the Civil War.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book was written by Dr. Thomas Henry Howard, a doctor in Floyd, VA who served as a Confederate doctor. The book is filled with names of patients, the services performed, and the payment received for each entry before, during, and after the Civil War."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Howard, Thomas Henry, 1834-1910"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Howard, Thomas Henry, 1834-1910"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:08:02.995Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3332","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3332","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3332","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3332","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3332.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Howard, Thomas Henry Manuscript Account Book","title_ssm":["Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book"],"title_tesim":["Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book"],"unitdate_ssm":["1860-1868"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1860-1868"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2019.007"],"text":["Ms.2019.007","Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book","African Americans -- History","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Medicine","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","The collection is open for research.","The native born Virginian Dr. Thomas Henry Howard (1834-1910) graduated in March 1861 from Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia and save for his wartime service as a Confederate surgeon, he practiced exclusively in Floyd County, Virginia. His wartime service included acting assistant surgeon in Lynchburg hospitals in 1862, assistant surgeon with the 14th Va. Infantry in 1863, and acting assistant surgeon with the 30th Virginia Infantry in 1864. He was likely married to Fanny Irene Johnston in 1874.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book was completed in February 2019.","The Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book is filled with names of patients and the services performed and the payment received for each entry before, during, and after the Civil War. Dr. Howard's entries include the names of his patients, date of services and fees charged together with short descriptions of medical services rendered. Services included visits and medicines, \"cupping\", \"strenthening plaster\", dressing wounds, attending pregnant women - \"attending wife in parturition\", delivery of children \"Tending wife in childbirth\", Tobacco, and cutting gums. Medical treatment was also administered to local slaves as when Dr. Howard charged Fleming Howery $2.00 \"For medical attendance on Negroe child of James Ferguson estate\". Post-war African-American patients are noted by the addition of the word \"colored\" in parenthesis after their names.","Permission to publish material from Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book  must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","The Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book was written by Dr. Thomas Henry Howard, a doctor in Floyd, VA who served as a Confederate doctor. The book is filled with names of patients, the services performed, and the payment received for each entry before, during, and after the Civil War.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Howard, Thomas Henry, 1834-1910","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2019.007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Howard, Thomas Henry, 1834-1910"],"creator_ssim":["Howard, Thomas Henry, 1834-1910"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Howard, Thomas Henry, 1834-1910"],"creators_ssim":["Howard, Thomas Henry, 1834-1910"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book  must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book was purchased by Special Collections in 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Medicine","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Medicine","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe native born Virginian Dr. Thomas Henry Howard (1834-1910) graduated in March 1861 from Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia and save for his wartime service as a Confederate surgeon, he practiced exclusively in Floyd County, Virginia. His wartime service included acting assistant surgeon in Lynchburg hospitals in 1862, assistant surgeon with the 14th Va. Infantry in 1863, and acting assistant surgeon with the 30th Virginia Infantry in 1864. He was likely married to Fanny Irene Johnston in 1874.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The native born Virginian Dr. Thomas Henry Howard (1834-1910) graduated in March 1861 from Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia and save for his wartime service as a Confederate surgeon, he practiced exclusively in Floyd County, Virginia. His wartime service included acting assistant surgeon in Lynchburg hospitals in 1862, assistant surgeon with the 14th Va. Infantry in 1863, and acting assistant surgeon with the 30th Virginia Infantry in 1864. He was likely married to Fanny Irene Johnston in 1874."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book , Ms2019-007, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book , Ms2019-007, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book was completed in February 2019.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book was completed in February 2019."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book is filled with names of patients and the services performed and the payment received for each entry before, during, and after the Civil War. Dr. Howard's entries include the names of his patients, date of services and fees charged together with short descriptions of medical services rendered. Services included visits and medicines, \"cupping\", \"strenthening plaster\", dressing wounds, attending pregnant women - \"attending wife in parturition\", delivery of children \"Tending wife in childbirth\", Tobacco, and cutting gums. Medical treatment was also administered to local slaves as when Dr. Howard charged Fleming Howery $2.00 \"For medical attendance on Negroe child of James Ferguson estate\". Post-war African-American patients are noted by the addition of the word \"colored\" in parenthesis after their names.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book is filled with names of patients and the services performed and the payment received for each entry before, during, and after the Civil War. Dr. Howard's entries include the names of his patients, date of services and fees charged together with short descriptions of medical services rendered. Services included visits and medicines, \"cupping\", \"strenthening plaster\", dressing wounds, attending pregnant women - \"attending wife in parturition\", delivery of children \"Tending wife in childbirth\", Tobacco, and cutting gums. Medical treatment was also administered to local slaves as when Dr. Howard charged Fleming Howery $2.00 \"For medical attendance on Negroe child of James Ferguson estate\". Post-war African-American patients are noted by the addition of the word \"colored\" in parenthesis after their names."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book  must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book  must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_cd735c6c44da3897b21e72aee41ff207\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book was written by Dr. Thomas Henry Howard, a doctor in Floyd, VA who served as a Confederate doctor. The book is filled with names of patients, the services performed, and the payment received for each entry before, during, and after the Civil War.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Thomas Henry Howard Manuscript Account Book was written by Dr. Thomas Henry Howard, a doctor in Floyd, VA who served as a Confederate doctor. The book is filled with names of patients, the services performed, and the payment received for each entry before, during, and after the Civil War."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Howard, Thomas Henry, 1834-1910"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Howard, Thomas Henry, 1834-1910"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:08:02.995Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3332"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains nineteenth century financial documents, including tax records for various Virginia residents. Also included are several hand-written receipts mentioning the sale or labor of enslaved people, including a Black child named Peter and a Black man named Bob.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3858.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons","title_ssm":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons"],"unitdate_ssm":["1823-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1823-1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2022.038"],"text":["Ms.2022.038","Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons","African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","Virginia -- History","Receipts (financial records) ","The collection is open for research.","The guide to the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons was completed in August 2022.","This collection includes receipts for taxes paid to Albemarle County, Nelson County, Greenbrier County, and Augustus County, ranging from 1839 to 1861. Some tax receipts include an amount of enslaved people being taxed. Also included are hand-written receipts involving enslaved people, including a receipt for a Black boy named Peter and a Black man named Bob.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains nineteenth century financial documents, including tax records for various Virginia residents. Also included are several hand-written receipts mentioning the sale or labor of enslaved people, including a Black child named Peter and a Black man named Bob.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Peter (enslaved person)","Bob (enslaved person)","The materials in this collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2022.038"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","Virginia -- History","Receipts (financial records) "],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","Virginia -- History","Receipts (financial records) "],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Receipts (financial records) "],"date_range_isim":[1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons, Ms2022-038, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons, Ms2022-038, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons was completed in August 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons was completed in August 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes receipts for taxes paid to Albemarle County, Nelson County, Greenbrier County, and Augustus County, ranging from 1839 to 1861. Some tax receipts include an amount of enslaved people being taxed. Also included are hand-written receipts involving enslaved people, including a receipt for a Black boy named Peter and a Black man named Bob.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes receipts for taxes paid to Albemarle County, Nelson County, Greenbrier County, and Augustus County, ranging from 1839 to 1861. Some tax receipts include an amount of enslaved people being taxed. Also included are hand-written receipts involving enslaved people, including a receipt for a Black boy named Peter and a Black man named Bob."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2122422fd322e26241538fd72db9defe\"\u003eThis collection contains nineteenth century financial documents, including tax records for various Virginia residents. Also included are several hand-written receipts mentioning the sale or labor of enslaved people, including a Black child named Peter and a Black man named Bob.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains nineteenth century financial documents, including tax records for various Virginia residents. Also included are several hand-written receipts mentioning the sale or labor of enslaved people, including a Black child named Peter and a Black man named Bob."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Peter (enslaved person)","Bob (enslaved person)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Peter (enslaved person)","Bob (enslaved person)"],"persname_ssim":["Peter (enslaved person)","Bob (enslaved person)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in this collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:22:58.594Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3858.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons","title_ssm":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons"],"unitdate_ssm":["1823-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1823-1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2022.038"],"text":["Ms.2022.038","Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons","African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","Virginia -- History","Receipts (financial records) ","The collection is open for research.","The guide to the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons was completed in August 2022.","This collection includes receipts for taxes paid to Albemarle County, Nelson County, Greenbrier County, and Augustus County, ranging from 1839 to 1861. Some tax receipts include an amount of enslaved people being taxed. Also included are hand-written receipts involving enslaved people, including a receipt for a Black boy named Peter and a Black man named Bob.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains nineteenth century financial documents, including tax records for various Virginia residents. Also included are several hand-written receipts mentioning the sale or labor of enslaved people, including a Black child named Peter and a Black man named Bob.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Peter (enslaved person)","Bob (enslaved person)","The materials in this collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2022.038"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","Virginia -- History","Receipts (financial records) "],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","Virginia -- History","Receipts (financial records) "],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Receipts (financial records) "],"date_range_isim":[1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons, Ms2022-038, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons, Ms2022-038, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons was completed in August 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons was completed in August 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes receipts for taxes paid to Albemarle County, Nelson County, Greenbrier County, and Augustus County, ranging from 1839 to 1861. Some tax receipts include an amount of enslaved people being taxed. Also included are hand-written receipts involving enslaved people, including a receipt for a Black boy named Peter and a Black man named Bob.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes receipts for taxes paid to Albemarle County, Nelson County, Greenbrier County, and Augustus County, ranging from 1839 to 1861. Some tax receipts include an amount of enslaved people being taxed. Also included are hand-written receipts involving enslaved people, including a receipt for a Black boy named Peter and a Black man named Bob."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2122422fd322e26241538fd72db9defe\"\u003eThis collection contains nineteenth century financial documents, including tax records for various Virginia residents. Also included are several hand-written receipts mentioning the sale or labor of enslaved people, including a Black child named Peter and a Black man named Bob.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains nineteenth century financial documents, including tax records for various Virginia residents. Also included are several hand-written receipts mentioning the sale or labor of enslaved people, including a Black child named Peter and a Black man named Bob."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Peter (enslaved person)","Bob (enslaved person)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Peter (enslaved person)","Bob (enslaved person)"],"persname_ssim":["Peter (enslaved person)","Bob (enslaved person)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in this collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:22:58.594Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"William H. Collier Ledger","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Collier, William H., 1822-1906","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection contains a farm and household expense ledger of William H. Collier of Northampton County, North Carolina.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2446.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Collier, William H., Ledger","title_ssm":["William H. Collier Ledger"],"title_tesim":["William H. Collier Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1856-1887"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1856-1887"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2009.027"],"text":["Ms.2009.027","William H. Collier Ledger","African Americans -- History","Agriculture","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","The collection is open for research.","William H. Collier, son of Joseph and Sarah C. Mangum Collier, was born in Northampton, North Carolina in 1822. He married Sarah Parham (1824-1857) in 1843. The couple had eight children, including Joseph H. (mentioned frequently within the ledger). Following the Sarah's death, Collier in 1860 married Elizabeth Rebecca Bonner Garner, by whom he fathered another seven children. William H. Collier died in 1906. ","Within his ledger, Collier provides the year of birth of a woman named Charity--likely an enslaved person--and the names and birth years of her children and grandchildren, including: Mary (1841), Lieuanna (1847), Henry (1849), Susan (1851), Julia (1853), Ben (1855), Sarah Ann (1857), twins Charles and Ned (1859), and George (1860). In later entries, Collier makes frequent mention of hiring and paying members of the Moody family. The 1870 census for Northampton County lists 45-year-old African American Charity Moody living with her husband, Burton and children Henry, 21; Sarah, 16; Ben, 17; and Charles and Edward, 12. No further record could be found on the Moody family. ","The guide to the William H. Collier Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing and description of the William H. Collier Ledger commenced and was completed in February 2009.","This collection consists of a ledger maintained by William H. Collier, a farmer from Northampton County, North Carolina during the latter half of the nineteenth century. Collier's ledger lists in detail his expenses--for household goods as well as farm supplies and equipment--during a 30-year period. (Although the ledger contains data for the years 1857-1860, the years 1862-1864 are lacking, and more frequent entries commence with 1866.) Many of the entries, made regularly, relate to farm labor. Recorded for both long-term and day laborers are wages, work performed, provisions issued, and wages withheld. Appearing after the names of several workers are the initials \"FM\" and \"FW,\" likely describing individuals as freedmen and freedwomen. Members of the Moody family are mentioned frequently among the laborers, as are members of the Nolley, Woodruff, Jordan, and Hodges families. Collier often used child laborers, hired from their parents or other relatives. ","Collier also lists within the ledger the amount of cotton produced on his farm as well as the amount of corn produced and sent to mill. He makes special mention of the amount of his trade in late 1865, \"after the surrender of Lee's Army\" and \"sales of cotton soald this fall after the serender of the Southern Army.\" He details his trades and purchases with various merchants in North Carolina's Halifax and Northampton counties--as well as Petersburg, Virginia--for such items as clothing, medicine, foodstuffs, and farming supplies and equipment. Also within the ledger are notations regarding Collier's account as administrator of his father's will and copies of agreements for obtaining credit against future crops and for sharecropping on his land.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains a farm and household expense ledger of William H. Collier of Northampton County, North Carolina.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Moody family (Northampton County, NC)","Collier, William H., 1822-1906","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2009.027"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William H. Collier Ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["William H. Collier Ledger"],"collection_ssim":["William H. Collier Ledger"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"creator_ssim":["Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"creators_ssim":["Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The William H. Collier Ledger was purchased by Special Collections in 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Agriculture","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Agriculture","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam H. Collier, son of Joseph and Sarah C. Mangum Collier, was born in Northampton, North Carolina in 1822. He married Sarah Parham (1824-1857) in 1843. The couple had eight children, including Joseph H. (mentioned frequently within the ledger). Following the Sarah's death, Collier in 1860 married Elizabeth Rebecca Bonner Garner, by whom he fathered another seven children. William H. Collier died in 1906. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWithin his ledger, Collier provides the year of birth of a woman named Charity--likely an enslaved person--and the names and birth years of her children and grandchildren, including: Mary (1841), Lieuanna (1847), Henry (1849), Susan (1851), Julia (1853), Ben (1855), Sarah Ann (1857), twins Charles and Ned (1859), and George (1860). In later entries, Collier makes frequent mention of hiring and paying members of the Moody family. The 1870 census for Northampton County lists 45-year-old African American Charity Moody living with her husband, Burton and children Henry, 21; Sarah, 16; Ben, 17; and Charles and Edward, 12. No further record could be found on the Moody family. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["William H. Collier, son of Joseph and Sarah C. Mangum Collier, was born in Northampton, North Carolina in 1822. He married Sarah Parham (1824-1857) in 1843. The couple had eight children, including Joseph H. (mentioned frequently within the ledger). Following the Sarah's death, Collier in 1860 married Elizabeth Rebecca Bonner Garner, by whom he fathered another seven children. William H. Collier died in 1906. ","Within his ledger, Collier provides the year of birth of a woman named Charity--likely an enslaved person--and the names and birth years of her children and grandchildren, including: Mary (1841), Lieuanna (1847), Henry (1849), Susan (1851), Julia (1853), Ben (1855), Sarah Ann (1857), twins Charles and Ned (1859), and George (1860). In later entries, Collier makes frequent mention of hiring and paying members of the Moody family. The 1870 census for Northampton County lists 45-year-old African American Charity Moody living with her husband, Burton and children Henry, 21; Sarah, 16; Ben, 17; and Charles and Edward, 12. No further record could be found on the Moody family. "],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the William H. Collier Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the William H. Collier Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], William H. Collier Ledger, Ms2009-027, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], William H. Collier Ledger, Ms2009-027, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and description of the William H. Collier Ledger commenced and was completed in February 2009.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and description of the William H. Collier Ledger commenced and was completed in February 2009."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a ledger maintained by William H. Collier, a farmer from Northampton County, North Carolina during the latter half of the nineteenth century. Collier's ledger lists in detail his expenses--for household goods as well as farm supplies and equipment--during a 30-year period. (Although the ledger contains data for the years 1857-1860, the years 1862-1864 are lacking, and more frequent entries commence with 1866.) Many of the entries, made regularly, relate to farm labor. Recorded for both long-term and day laborers are wages, work performed, provisions issued, and wages withheld. Appearing after the names of several workers are the initials \"FM\" and \"FW,\" likely describing individuals as freedmen and freedwomen. Members of the Moody family are mentioned frequently among the laborers, as are members of the Nolley, Woodruff, Jordan, and Hodges families. Collier often used child laborers, hired from their parents or other relatives. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCollier also lists within the ledger the amount of cotton produced on his farm as well as the amount of corn produced and sent to mill. He makes special mention of the amount of his trade in late 1865, \"after the surrender of Lee's Army\" and \"sales of cotton soald this fall after the serender of the Southern Army.\" He details his trades and purchases with various merchants in North Carolina's Halifax and Northampton counties--as well as Petersburg, Virginia--for such items as clothing, medicine, foodstuffs, and farming supplies and equipment. Also within the ledger are notations regarding Collier's account as administrator of his father's will and copies of agreements for obtaining credit against future crops and for sharecropping on his land.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of a ledger maintained by William H. Collier, a farmer from Northampton County, North Carolina during the latter half of the nineteenth century. Collier's ledger lists in detail his expenses--for household goods as well as farm supplies and equipment--during a 30-year period. (Although the ledger contains data for the years 1857-1860, the years 1862-1864 are lacking, and more frequent entries commence with 1866.) Many of the entries, made regularly, relate to farm labor. Recorded for both long-term and day laborers are wages, work performed, provisions issued, and wages withheld. Appearing after the names of several workers are the initials \"FM\" and \"FW,\" likely describing individuals as freedmen and freedwomen. Members of the Moody family are mentioned frequently among the laborers, as are members of the Nolley, Woodruff, Jordan, and Hodges families. Collier often used child laborers, hired from their parents or other relatives. ","Collier also lists within the ledger the amount of cotton produced on his farm as well as the amount of corn produced and sent to mill. He makes special mention of the amount of his trade in late 1865, \"after the surrender of Lee's Army\" and \"sales of cotton soald this fall after the serender of the Southern Army.\" He details his trades and purchases with various merchants in North Carolina's Halifax and Northampton counties--as well as Petersburg, Virginia--for such items as clothing, medicine, foodstuffs, and farming supplies and equipment. Also within the ledger are notations regarding Collier's account as administrator of his father's will and copies of agreements for obtaining credit against future crops and for sharecropping on his land."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_34a4021547bb49c955bb98e40503115b\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains a farm and household expense ledger of William H. Collier of Northampton County, North Carolina.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains a farm and household expense ledger of William H. Collier of Northampton County, North Carolina."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Moody family (Northampton County, NC)","Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Moody family (Northampton County, NC)"],"famname_ssim":["Moody family (Northampton County, NC)"],"persname_ssim":["Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:21:22.107Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2446.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Collier, William H., Ledger","title_ssm":["William H. Collier Ledger"],"title_tesim":["William H. Collier Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1856-1887"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1856-1887"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2009.027"],"text":["Ms.2009.027","William H. Collier Ledger","African Americans -- History","Agriculture","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","The collection is open for research.","William H. Collier, son of Joseph and Sarah C. Mangum Collier, was born in Northampton, North Carolina in 1822. He married Sarah Parham (1824-1857) in 1843. The couple had eight children, including Joseph H. (mentioned frequently within the ledger). Following the Sarah's death, Collier in 1860 married Elizabeth Rebecca Bonner Garner, by whom he fathered another seven children. William H. Collier died in 1906. ","Within his ledger, Collier provides the year of birth of a woman named Charity--likely an enslaved person--and the names and birth years of her children and grandchildren, including: Mary (1841), Lieuanna (1847), Henry (1849), Susan (1851), Julia (1853), Ben (1855), Sarah Ann (1857), twins Charles and Ned (1859), and George (1860). In later entries, Collier makes frequent mention of hiring and paying members of the Moody family. The 1870 census for Northampton County lists 45-year-old African American Charity Moody living with her husband, Burton and children Henry, 21; Sarah, 16; Ben, 17; and Charles and Edward, 12. No further record could be found on the Moody family. ","The guide to the William H. Collier Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing and description of the William H. Collier Ledger commenced and was completed in February 2009.","This collection consists of a ledger maintained by William H. Collier, a farmer from Northampton County, North Carolina during the latter half of the nineteenth century. Collier's ledger lists in detail his expenses--for household goods as well as farm supplies and equipment--during a 30-year period. (Although the ledger contains data for the years 1857-1860, the years 1862-1864 are lacking, and more frequent entries commence with 1866.) Many of the entries, made regularly, relate to farm labor. Recorded for both long-term and day laborers are wages, work performed, provisions issued, and wages withheld. Appearing after the names of several workers are the initials \"FM\" and \"FW,\" likely describing individuals as freedmen and freedwomen. Members of the Moody family are mentioned frequently among the laborers, as are members of the Nolley, Woodruff, Jordan, and Hodges families. Collier often used child laborers, hired from their parents or other relatives. ","Collier also lists within the ledger the amount of cotton produced on his farm as well as the amount of corn produced and sent to mill. He makes special mention of the amount of his trade in late 1865, \"after the surrender of Lee's Army\" and \"sales of cotton soald this fall after the serender of the Southern Army.\" He details his trades and purchases with various merchants in North Carolina's Halifax and Northampton counties--as well as Petersburg, Virginia--for such items as clothing, medicine, foodstuffs, and farming supplies and equipment. Also within the ledger are notations regarding Collier's account as administrator of his father's will and copies of agreements for obtaining credit against future crops and for sharecropping on his land.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains a farm and household expense ledger of William H. Collier of Northampton County, North Carolina.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Moody family (Northampton County, NC)","Collier, William H., 1822-1906","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2009.027"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William H. Collier Ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["William H. Collier Ledger"],"collection_ssim":["William H. Collier Ledger"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"creator_ssim":["Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"creators_ssim":["Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The William H. Collier Ledger was purchased by Special Collections in 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Agriculture","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Agriculture","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam H. Collier, son of Joseph and Sarah C. Mangum Collier, was born in Northampton, North Carolina in 1822. He married Sarah Parham (1824-1857) in 1843. The couple had eight children, including Joseph H. (mentioned frequently within the ledger). Following the Sarah's death, Collier in 1860 married Elizabeth Rebecca Bonner Garner, by whom he fathered another seven children. William H. Collier died in 1906. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWithin his ledger, Collier provides the year of birth of a woman named Charity--likely an enslaved person--and the names and birth years of her children and grandchildren, including: Mary (1841), Lieuanna (1847), Henry (1849), Susan (1851), Julia (1853), Ben (1855), Sarah Ann (1857), twins Charles and Ned (1859), and George (1860). In later entries, Collier makes frequent mention of hiring and paying members of the Moody family. The 1870 census for Northampton County lists 45-year-old African American Charity Moody living with her husband, Burton and children Henry, 21; Sarah, 16; Ben, 17; and Charles and Edward, 12. No further record could be found on the Moody family. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["William H. Collier, son of Joseph and Sarah C. Mangum Collier, was born in Northampton, North Carolina in 1822. He married Sarah Parham (1824-1857) in 1843. The couple had eight children, including Joseph H. (mentioned frequently within the ledger). Following the Sarah's death, Collier in 1860 married Elizabeth Rebecca Bonner Garner, by whom he fathered another seven children. William H. Collier died in 1906. ","Within his ledger, Collier provides the year of birth of a woman named Charity--likely an enslaved person--and the names and birth years of her children and grandchildren, including: Mary (1841), Lieuanna (1847), Henry (1849), Susan (1851), Julia (1853), Ben (1855), Sarah Ann (1857), twins Charles and Ned (1859), and George (1860). In later entries, Collier makes frequent mention of hiring and paying members of the Moody family. The 1870 census for Northampton County lists 45-year-old African American Charity Moody living with her husband, Burton and children Henry, 21; Sarah, 16; Ben, 17; and Charles and Edward, 12. No further record could be found on the Moody family. "],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the William H. Collier Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the William H. Collier Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], William H. Collier Ledger, Ms2009-027, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], William H. Collier Ledger, Ms2009-027, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and description of the William H. Collier Ledger commenced and was completed in February 2009.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and description of the William H. Collier Ledger commenced and was completed in February 2009."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a ledger maintained by William H. Collier, a farmer from Northampton County, North Carolina during the latter half of the nineteenth century. Collier's ledger lists in detail his expenses--for household goods as well as farm supplies and equipment--during a 30-year period. (Although the ledger contains data for the years 1857-1860, the years 1862-1864 are lacking, and more frequent entries commence with 1866.) Many of the entries, made regularly, relate to farm labor. Recorded for both long-term and day laborers are wages, work performed, provisions issued, and wages withheld. Appearing after the names of several workers are the initials \"FM\" and \"FW,\" likely describing individuals as freedmen and freedwomen. Members of the Moody family are mentioned frequently among the laborers, as are members of the Nolley, Woodruff, Jordan, and Hodges families. Collier often used child laborers, hired from their parents or other relatives. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCollier also lists within the ledger the amount of cotton produced on his farm as well as the amount of corn produced and sent to mill. He makes special mention of the amount of his trade in late 1865, \"after the surrender of Lee's Army\" and \"sales of cotton soald this fall after the serender of the Southern Army.\" He details his trades and purchases with various merchants in North Carolina's Halifax and Northampton counties--as well as Petersburg, Virginia--for such items as clothing, medicine, foodstuffs, and farming supplies and equipment. Also within the ledger are notations regarding Collier's account as administrator of his father's will and copies of agreements for obtaining credit against future crops and for sharecropping on his land.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of a ledger maintained by William H. Collier, a farmer from Northampton County, North Carolina during the latter half of the nineteenth century. Collier's ledger lists in detail his expenses--for household goods as well as farm supplies and equipment--during a 30-year period. (Although the ledger contains data for the years 1857-1860, the years 1862-1864 are lacking, and more frequent entries commence with 1866.) Many of the entries, made regularly, relate to farm labor. Recorded for both long-term and day laborers are wages, work performed, provisions issued, and wages withheld. Appearing after the names of several workers are the initials \"FM\" and \"FW,\" likely describing individuals as freedmen and freedwomen. Members of the Moody family are mentioned frequently among the laborers, as are members of the Nolley, Woodruff, Jordan, and Hodges families. Collier often used child laborers, hired from their parents or other relatives. ","Collier also lists within the ledger the amount of cotton produced on his farm as well as the amount of corn produced and sent to mill. He makes special mention of the amount of his trade in late 1865, \"after the surrender of Lee's Army\" and \"sales of cotton soald this fall after the serender of the Southern Army.\" He details his trades and purchases with various merchants in North Carolina's Halifax and Northampton counties--as well as Petersburg, Virginia--for such items as clothing, medicine, foodstuffs, and farming supplies and equipment. Also within the ledger are notations regarding Collier's account as administrator of his father's will and copies of agreements for obtaining credit against future crops and for sharecropping on his land."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_34a4021547bb49c955bb98e40503115b\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains a farm and household expense ledger of William H. Collier of Northampton County, North Carolina.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains a farm and household expense ledger of William H. Collier of Northampton County, North Carolina."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Moody family (Northampton County, NC)","Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Moody family (Northampton County, NC)"],"famname_ssim":["Moody family (Northampton County, NC)"],"persname_ssim":["Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:21:22.107Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","value":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+History\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1865\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+History\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1865"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript","value":"\"The 24th Corps\" Manuscript","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+History\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=%22The+24th+Corps%22+Manuscript\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1865"}},{"attributes":{"label":"41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll","value":"41st United States Colored Troops Muster Roll","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+History\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=41st+United+States+Colored+Troops+Muster+Roll\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1865"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Charles W. 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