{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+\u0026view=list","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+\u0026page=1\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":7,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2135","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Aileen Shafer, Collector, Material regarding African-Americans","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2135#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Shafer, Aileen","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2135#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eNineteenth century records regarding African-Americans, including deed of emancipation (1829), two brief autograph letters by abolitionists Charles Sumner and Wendell Phillips (1850, 1882), eight copies of \"The Anti-Slavery Record\", a significant abolitionist publication (1835), and twenty popular song broadsides featuring minstrel song themes (ca. 1830s-1860s).\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2135#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2135","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2135","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2135","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2135","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2135.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196237","title_ssm":["Aileen Shafer, Collector, Material regarding African-Americans"],"title_tesim":["Aileen Shafer, Collector, Material regarding African-Americans"],"unitdate_ssm":["1829-1884"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1829-1884"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3756","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2135"],"text":["A\u0026M 3756","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2135","Aileen Shafer, Collector, Material regarding African-Americans","African Americans ","African Americans -- History -- Miscellanea","Minstrel music","Slaves and slavery.","No special access restriction applies.","The Anti-Slavery Record , a monthly publication, promoted the complete and immediate abolition of slavery. 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For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_87c654f3c8ea574434d17ac901145b66\"\u003eThe papers of Edward J. Cabbell, an author, poet, editor, and historian documents subjects regarding African-American history in Appalachia, encompassing the colonial period through 1988. The materials include research papers, articles, photographs, clippings, books, and publications such as \"Then \u0026amp; Now\" and \"Black Diamonds\". There is also information pertaining to the John Henry legend and includes articles, music references and literature. There are photographs of paintings and sculptures of John Henry, candid images of the John Henry Folk Festivals, Edward J. Cabbell as the director of the John Henry Memorial Foundation and Louis W. Chappell, a West Virginia University professor who compiled a massive collection of Appalachia folklore and music, including John Henry material.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The papers of Edward J. Cabbell, an author, poet, editor, and historian documents subjects regarding African-American history in Appalachia, encompassing the colonial period through 1988. The materials include research papers, articles, photographs, clippings, books, and publications such as \"Then \u0026 Now\" and \"Black Diamonds\". There is also information pertaining to the John Henry legend and includes articles, music references and literature. There are photographs of paintings and sculptures of John Henry, candid images of the John Henry Folk Festivals, Edward J. Cabbell as the director of the John Henry Memorial Foundation and Louis W. Chappell, a West Virginia University professor who compiled a massive collection of Appalachia folklore and music, including John Henry material."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_093bdc8e1fb8905ceeae63179b0f2d93\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Cabbell, Edward J., 1946-","Randall, Dudley, 1914-2000"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Cabbell, Edward J., 1946-","Randall, Dudley, 1914-2000"],"persname_ssim":["Cabbell, Edward J., 1946-","Randall, Dudley, 1914-2000"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:20:07.623Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2622","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2622","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2622","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2622","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2622.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196688","title_ssm":["Edward J. Cabbell, Historian, Papers"],"title_tesim":["Edward J. Cabbell, Historian, Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1969-1988"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1969-1988"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0217","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2622"],"text":["A\u0026M 0217","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2622","Edward J. Cabbell, Historian, Papers","Appalachian Region","African Americans ","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Authors -- Letters and papers","Photography","Poetry.","No special access restriction applies.","Edward Cabbell's career as an author began with the publication of a short story in Phylon: The Atlanta University Review of Race and Culture. In 1970 he published his first book of poetry which received critical praise from the poet and independent African-American publisher of Broadside Press, Dudley Randall. Randall compared Cabbell favorably to his contemporaries, poets such as Sonia Sanchez and Don Lee (Haki Madhubuti). While he continued to publish more short stories and poetry, he became a guest editor and contributor to Appalachian publications such as: Now and Then, Hill \u0026 Valley, Goldenseal and Mountain Life \u0026 Work. Cabbell also founded and directed the John Henry Memorial Foundation in Princeton, West Virginia. The development of his poetry and literature is as a voice of the African-American Appalachian experience immortalizing it in a way comparable to Langston Hughes of the Harlem Renaissance.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","The papers of Edward J. Cabbell, an author, poet, editor, and historian documents subjects regarding African-American history in Appalachia, encompassing the colonial period through 1988. The materials include research papers, articles, photographs, clippings, books, and publications such as \"Then \u0026 Now\" and \"Black Diamonds\". There is also information pertaining to the John Henry legend and includes articles, music references and literature. There are photographs of paintings and sculptures of John Henry, candid images of the John Henry Folk Festivals, Edward J. Cabbell as the director of the John Henry Memorial Foundation and Louis W. Chappell, a West Virginia University professor who compiled a massive collection of Appalachia folklore and music, including John Henry material.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Cabbell, Edward J., 1946-","Randall, Dudley, 1914-2000","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0217","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2622"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Edward J. Cabbell, Historian, Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Edward J. Cabbell, Historian, Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Edward J. Cabbell, Historian, Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Appalachian Region"],"geogname_ssim":["Appalachian Region"],"creator_ssm":["Cabbell, Edward J., 1946-"],"creator_ssim":["Cabbell, Edward J., 1946-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Cabbell, Edward J., 1946-"],"creators_ssim":["Cabbell, Edward J., 1946-"],"places_ssim":["Appalachian Region"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans ","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Authors -- Letters and papers","Photography","Poetry."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans ","African-Americans. SEE ALSO Coal miners - African Americans.","Authors -- Letters and papers","Photography","Poetry."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.5 Linear Feet Summary: 1 ft. 6 in. (3 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 small flat storage box, 3 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["1.5 Linear Feet Summary: 1 ft. 6 in. (3 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 small flat storage box, 3 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdward Cabbell's career as an author began with the publication of a short story in Phylon: The Atlanta University Review of Race and Culture. In 1970 he published his first book of poetry which received critical praise from the poet and independent African-American publisher of Broadside Press, Dudley Randall. Randall compared Cabbell favorably to his contemporaries, poets such as Sonia Sanchez and Don Lee (Haki Madhubuti). While he continued to publish more short stories and poetry, he became a guest editor and contributor to Appalachian publications such as: Now and Then, Hill \u0026amp; Valley, Goldenseal and Mountain Life \u0026amp; Work. Cabbell also founded and directed the John Henry Memorial Foundation in Princeton, West Virginia. The development of his poetry and literature is as a voice of the African-American Appalachian experience immortalizing it in a way comparable to Langston Hughes of the Harlem Renaissance.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Edward Cabbell's career as an author began with the publication of a short story in Phylon: The Atlanta University Review of Race and Culture. In 1970 he published his first book of poetry which received critical praise from the poet and independent African-American publisher of Broadside Press, Dudley Randall. Randall compared Cabbell favorably to his contemporaries, poets such as Sonia Sanchez and Don Lee (Haki Madhubuti). While he continued to publish more short stories and poetry, he became a guest editor and contributor to Appalachian publications such as: Now and Then, Hill \u0026 Valley, Goldenseal and Mountain Life \u0026 Work. Cabbell also founded and directed the John Henry Memorial Foundation in Princeton, West Virginia. The development of his poetry and literature is as a voice of the African-American Appalachian experience immortalizing it in a way comparable to Langston Hughes of the Harlem Renaissance."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Edward J. Cabbell, Historian, Papers, A\u0026amp;M 0217, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Edward J. Cabbell, Historian, Papers, A\u0026M 0217, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_87c654f3c8ea574434d17ac901145b66\"\u003eThe papers of Edward J. Cabbell, an author, poet, editor, and historian documents subjects regarding African-American history in Appalachia, encompassing the colonial period through 1988. The materials include research papers, articles, photographs, clippings, books, and publications such as \"Then \u0026amp; Now\" and \"Black Diamonds\". There is also information pertaining to the John Henry legend and includes articles, music references and literature. There are photographs of paintings and sculptures of John Henry, candid images of the John Henry Folk Festivals, Edward J. Cabbell as the director of the John Henry Memorial Foundation and Louis W. Chappell, a West Virginia University professor who compiled a massive collection of Appalachia folklore and music, including John Henry material.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The papers of Edward J. Cabbell, an author, poet, editor, and historian documents subjects regarding African-American history in Appalachia, encompassing the colonial period through 1988. The materials include research papers, articles, photographs, clippings, books, and publications such as \"Then \u0026 Now\" and \"Black Diamonds\". There is also information pertaining to the John Henry legend and includes articles, music references and literature. There are photographs of paintings and sculptures of John Henry, candid images of the John Henry Folk Festivals, Edward J. Cabbell as the director of the John Henry Memorial Foundation and Louis W. Chappell, a West Virginia University professor who compiled a massive collection of Appalachia folklore and music, including John Henry material."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_093bdc8e1fb8905ceeae63179b0f2d93\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Cabbell, Edward J., 1946-","Randall, Dudley, 1914-2000"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Cabbell, Edward J., 1946-","Randall, Dudley, 1914-2000"],"persname_ssim":["Cabbell, Edward J., 1946-","Randall, Dudley, 1914-2000"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:20:07.623Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2622"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2421","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2421#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2421#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"John W. M. Appleton (1833-1913) was an officer in the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers, during the Civil War. Appleton's letters to his wife, memoirs, military records, and other materials provide a detailed account of his military service with this regiment, including the daily operations and activities of his company, troop movements and engagements, and the challenges facing black troops. Appleton also drew detailed sketches in his memoir and letters that depict the battlefield landscape and his unit's positions, including fortifications, encampments, and quarters. Significant topics include the geography around Charleston, South Carolina; the assault on Fort Wagner and other engagements in the Charleston Harbor in the summer and fall of 1863; the fatigue work and picket duty of the 54th Massachusetts; and the battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864. Also included are family materials and business papers. The family materials include genealogy as well as books about Hon. William Appleton and Samuel Appleton. The business papers contain a ledger from Appleton's time as an agent with Oriental Powder Mills. See Scope and Content Note for more details. See Historical Note for more information about Appleton.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2421#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2421","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2421","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2421","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2421","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2421.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196487","title_ssm":["John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers"],"title_tesim":["John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1913","1863-1864"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1863-1864"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1913"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0092","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2421"],"text":["A\u0026M 0092","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2421","John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers","Boston (Mass.)","Boston (Mass.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.)","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Siege, 1863","Fort Sumter (Charleston, S.C.)","Fort Wagner (S.C.)","Fort Warren (Mass.)","Jacksonville (Fla.)","Massachusetts - History - Civil War, 1861-1865 - Participation, African American.","Morris Island (S.C.)","Morris Island (S.C.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States. Army -- African American troops","African American soldiers -- History -- 19th century","African American soldiers","African Americans ","Civil War -- Soldiers, Black","Civil War -- MA 54th. Vol. Inf.","Civil War - Massachusetts 54th Volunteers.","Fortification","Olustee, Battle of, Olustee, Fla., 1864","Secessionville, Battle of, Secessionville, S.C., 1862","No special access restriction applies.","John W. M. Appleton was born in Massachusetts in 1833. In the early years of the Civil War he served in the Boston Cadet Corps on guard and escort duty and then on garrison duty at the Boston Harbor. In early 1863, Appleton was commissioned as a second lieutenant and appointed one of the first officers of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers. Appleton survived the unit's unsuccessful assault at Fort Wagner, South Carolina, in July 1863, but sustained wounds that kept him out of service for several months. In late November 1863, Appleton was appointed acting assistant inspector for the brigade, and in December he was promoted to major. Appleton suffered from severe sunstroke while on duty at James Island, South Carolina, in July 1864. Complications from his illness forced his early resignation from the 54th Massachusetts in late 1864, but by early 1865 Appleton had recovered sufficiently to perform garrison duties with the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. He served with the unit at Fort Warren, Boston Harbor, until the close of the war and mustered out of service in August 1865. ","Major Appleton, his wife, Mary, and his young daughter, Mabel, moved to Charleston, West Virginia, when the Civil War ended. Appleton managed an artificial gas plant and later operated a woolen and grist mill. He also remained active in the military through the West Virginia Militia and National Guard and as adjutant general of West Virginia from 1897 to 1901. From 1886 to 1913, Appleton managed the Salt Sulphur Springs Resort in Monroe County. John W. M. Appleton died on his farm in Monroe County, West Virginia, in 1913.","John W. M. Appleton (1833-1913) was an officer in the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers, during the Civil War. Complications from an illness forced his early resignation from the 54th Massachusetts in late 1864, but by early 1865 Appleton had recovered enough to perform garrison duties with the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. Major Appleton and his family moved to West Virginia when the war ended, where he was active in a variety of business pursuits and remained active in the military, attaining the position of adjutant general of West Virginia.","Appleton's letters to his wife, memoirs, military records (series 2, 3, and 4), and other materials provide a detailed account of his military service with this African American regiment, including the daily operations and activities of his company, troop movements and engagements, and the challenges facing black troops. Appleton also drew detailed sketches in his memoir and letters that depict the battlefield landscape and his unit's positions, including fortifications, encampments, and quarters.","Significant topics documented by series 2, 3, and 4 include:","the geography and military installations around Charleston, South Carolina; \nthe assault on Fort Wagner and other engagements in and around Charleston Harbor in the summer and fall of 1863; \nthe fatigue work, picket duty, and daily life of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry; and \nthe Battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864.","Also included in the collection are family materials and business papers (series 1 and 5). The family materials include genealogy as well as books about Hon. William Appleton and Samuel Appleton. The business papers contain a ledger from Appleton's time as an agent with Oriental Powder Mills.","Series 1. Family Materials, box 1 and box 4, unfoldered.","Family materials include genealogical charts and two books: Memoir of Hon. William Appleton Prepared Agreeably to a Resolution of the Massachusetts Historical Society, by Rev. Chandler Robbins (Boston: Printed by J. Wilson and Son, 1863), and Memorial of Samuel Appleton of Ipswich, Massachusetts: With Genealogical Notices of Some of His Descendants, by Isaac Appleton Jewett (Boston: [publisher not identified], 1850), with signature of John W.M. Appleton inscribed. Also includes an oversize family tree (box 4, loose).","Series 2. Correspondence, box 2.","Appleton's personal correspondence includes a ledger of approximately 106 Civil War era letters, primarily written to his wife, dated April 1863 - March 1864. The letters are similar to the memoir, although they do contain some different material. Along with the letter book are seven loose letters, mostly from March 1863, one letter from February 1864, and a program for a Marine Corps band concert directed by John Phillip Sousa. ","Major topics of the letters include:","Fort Wagner Assault -- Highlights include a letter written on July 18, 1863, the day of the assault, while Appleton and the 54th Massachusetts waited to attack Fort Wagner. Writing to his wife, Appleton describes the shelling and bombardment before the attack and troop positions for the attack. He also writes his goodbyes to his family. An addition at the bottom of the letter, written shortly after the assault ended, describes early details about the dead and wounded. Appleton was injured in the attack, and in his letter dated July 23, 1863, he assures his family that he is alright, although wounded. These letters are not included in the memoir. ","Fortifications and Military Actions -- Includes sketches and descriptions of fortifications and military actions on Folly's Island, Morris Island, and James Island, South Carolina. Also includes sketches, description of fight, and map of the battle at the Battle of Secessionville, SC. Siege of Charleston (fall 1863 and winter 1863/1864) descriptions include information about attacks and garrison duty throughout siege, bombardments of fortifications, and a sketch of Charleston Harbor and Fort Sumter from boat. Additionally, Appleton details the 1863 raids along the Georgia and South Carolina sea cost, and the battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864, including sketches and descriptions of engagements and camps.","Additional Topics Include -- Racial issues, soldier life, camp life, troop morale, Appleton's promotion to Major, and expeditions and raids against southern towns and plantations. Racial issues include United States Colored Troops (USCT), black soldiers, and contraband slaves. Descriptions of officers' camp life include descriptions of tents, cabins, religious activities, drilling, food, holidays (Thanksgiving and Christmas), firing squad, and funerals. Appleton's promotion to Major is documented by a letter of recommendation, among other material.","Series 3. Memoir, boxes 3a-3b.","Box 3a contains John W.M. Appleton's memoir ledger, which begins with a few letters, then transitions to a memoir which is written in the style of a journal. The memoir describes his service from 1863 to 1865 based on his wartime letters, but he frequently expanded on his descriptions of military activities and events, particularly for operations at Fort Wagner, Charleston Harbor, and near Jacksonville, Florida, during the Battle of Olustee. The memoir also contains excerpts from many of his wartime letters. Additional topics include fatigue work, picket duty, artillery bombardments, desertion, executions, his daily activities and camp life, staff officers and the men in his company, issues related to being a black regiment, including payroll inequality, serving with USCT units in Florida, the reaction to black troops, and his sunstroke and convalescence in a Hilton Head hospital in July 1864. ","The memoir includes loose items and items glued to the pages, including photographs of officers and soldiers of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry and of the Appleton family. There are also newspaper clippings, letters, and other correspondence and materials related to the Civil War. Notable among these insertions are two issues of the soldier newspaper The Swamp Angel. A microfilm copy of the memoirs is available. See index below for a listing by page number of these loose and attached items found within the memoir ledger. It includes the names of those shown in photographs. The index also identifies, with the designation \"no page no.\", four loose items whose original location has been lost.","Box 3b contains a framed black and white photograph of Sergeant Major John Wilson, a member of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry. This photograph was originally a loose item in the memoir in box 3a. ","Series 4. Military Records, box 4.","Appleton's military records include a bound book of military service records, as well as photographs, commissions, and other materials.","The bound book of military service records of John W.M. Appleton includes his discharge papers; a photograph of Appleton in uniform, which is glued to the discharge papers; commissions for his service with the 54th Massachusetts, including Second Lieutenant, Captain, and Major; commission as Major of the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery; muster out rolls; and appointment as West Virginia Adjutant General. Also contains newspaper clippings about the 54th Massachusetts and Civil War. Loose items from the bound book include officer commission paperwork; a Shaw Memorial postcard; an obituary clippings for Appleton; and newspaper clippings about 54th Massachusetts and USCTs, Fort Wagner, Florida battles, Charleston siege, and the death of Colonel Robert Gould Shaw.","Photographs include a card mounted photo of Fort Warren, Boston, Massachusetts, ca. 1863, and a photo of Major John W.M. Appleton in 1864.","Also includes two oversize commissions, for quartermaster general and adjutant general.","Series 5. Business Papers, box 5a-5b.","Business papers contain a ledger from Oriental Powder Mills(box 5a). Appleton was an agent of the Oriental Powder Mill, located in Boston, MA, and Charleston, WV. The ledger includes correspondence and records concerning the mill and business transactions, mostly concerning the buying and selling of powder, during the 1870s. This series also includes another ledger containing Trustees Report on Estates of Dr. John Appleton (alternately known as Record Book of Dr. John Appleton of Cambridge, MA kept by his son, John W.M. Appleton, 1875-1912) (box 5b).","Index to loose and attached items in the memoir (Series 3, box 3a): \nPage 0; carte de visite photo, Private John Appleton, 1862 \nPage 3; 3 carte de visite photos, Mrs. Appleton, Captain J.M. Appleton, N.P. Hallowell \nPage 7; 3 letters \nPage 9; 2 carte de visite photos, Colonel Robert G. Shaw, Surgeon Lincoln R. Stone \nPage 30; clipping \nPage 43; clipping (loose), illustration of defenses of Charleston \nPage 49; carte de visite photo, Captain Russell \nPage 51; 2 carte de visite photos, Captain Sam Willard (Mann), Captain Simpkins \nPage 53; tintype photo of USCT soldier (contains information on back, but difficult to read due to attachment to memoir book) \nPage 55; clipping; 2 carte de visite photos, Adjutant G.W. James, structure \nPage 57; clipping; carte de visite photo, Colonel Robert G. Shaw \nPage 59; 2 clippings (fragile) \nPage 61; sketch; carte de visite photo, Captain George Pope \nPage 63; 2 carte de visite photos, Captain Edward N. Jones, Lieutenant Edward B. Emerson \nPage 65; clipping \nPage 69; photo of hospital; carte de visite photo, Captain Luis Emilio \nPage 72; carte de visite photo, William Hallowell; map \nPage 73; 3 carte de visite photos, Sergeant Carney with flag, Drummer Henry Munroe, Drummer Miles Moore \nPage 74-79; clippings \nPage 81; clipping about Colonel Robert G. Shaw (loose) \nPage 83; carte de visite photo, Appleton Sturgis \nPage 87; 3 clippings (loose) \nPage 89; clipping \nPage 91; clipping; typescript listing of food rations \nPage 95; clipping \nPage 103; clipping \nPage 104; stereoview photo, Ruins of Cathedral Broad Street \nPage 105; 2 carte de visite photos, John Ritchie, C.A. Brigham \nPage 111; carte de visite photo, [William] Willie Homans; clipping of tent \nPage 113; carte de visite photo, Charles G. Chipman \nPage 127; clipping of song lyrics about colored troops \nPage 135; sketch of bomb proof \nPage 143; carte de visite photo, Willard Howard \nPage 144; carte de visite photo, Giles M. Pease \nPage 147; sketch of 54th Massachusetts regimental flag; carte de visite photo, E.N. Hallowell \nPage 149; typescript (loose) \nPage 159; Civil War era note; tintype photo, possibly of R.H.L. Jewett \nPage 161; photo of Jacksonville, Florida during Civil War \nPage 179; carte de visite photo of unidentified officer \nPage 181; carte de visite photo, Henry W. Litchfield \nPage 183; photo of signal tower in Jacksonville, Florida \nPage 187; typescript of Olustee, Florida battle casualties (loose) \nPage 219; sketch of 54th Massachusetts camp at Morris Island, 1864 \nPage 223; typescript of General Order; carte de visite photo, Robert Newell \nPage 225; carte de visite photo, Fort Sumter; Swamp Angel (camp newspaper, May 19, 1864 issue); manuscript note (loose) \nPage 227; carte de visite photo, Charles E. Tucker; manuscript note (loose) \nPage 228; carte de visite photo, Captain Homans; manuscript note (loose) \nPage 231; Swamp Angel (camp newspaper, May 26, 1864 issue) \nPage 232; stereoview photo, interior of Fort Sumter \nPage 235; carte de visite photo, W.W. Bridge \nPage 237; photo of cannon and crew \nPage 239; clipping about Charles L. Chandler death \nPage 243; carte de visite photo, Tom Appleton \nPage 253; 3 carte de visite photos, Major John Appleton (2 of the photos are loose) \nPage 257; carte de visite photo, Lieutenant Fred Webster \nPage 261; carte de visite photo, Charles E. Briggs [Brigges] (loose) \nPage 265; 2 carte de visite photos, Lieutenant Rogers, Charles Hallett; photo of Port Royal House in Hilton Head, SC \nPage 267; clipping \nPage 269; typescript, Senate Bill granting medals to 54th Massachusetts members \nPage 274-280; clippings \nPage 281; typescript of letter written by Mary R. Appleton about USCT \nPage 282; clipping \nPage 284; typescript, Senate Bill granting medals to 54th Massachusetts members \nPage 285; General Order No. 50 for raising flag over Fort Sumter in 1865 \nPage 286-end; clippings about 54th Massachusetts soldiers, casualties and death during the Civil War \nNo Page No.; letter from George Pope (Oct. 17, 1896) \nNo Page No.; clippings about the Battle of Olustee (1912) \nNo Page No.; clipping - \"The Civil War Fifty Years Ago\" (1913) \nNo Page No.; Report of Frank Fletcher, showing condition of company after Wagner","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","John W. M. Appleton (1833-1913) was an officer in the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers, during the Civil War. Appleton's letters to his wife, memoirs, military records, and other materials provide a detailed account of his military service with this regiment, including the daily operations and activities of his company, troop movements and engagements, and the challenges facing black troops. Appleton also drew detailed sketches in his memoir and letters that depict the battlefield landscape and his unit's positions, including fortifications, encampments, and quarters. Significant topics include the geography around Charleston, South Carolina; the assault on Fort Wagner and other engagements in the Charleston Harbor in the summer and fall of 1863; the fatigue work and picket duty of the 54th Massachusetts; and the battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864. Also included are family materials and business papers. The family materials include genealogy as well as books about Hon. William Appleton and Samuel Appleton. The business papers contain a ledger from Appleton's time as an agent with Oriental Powder Mills. See Scope and Content Note for more details. See Historical Note for more information about Appleton.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Oriental Powder Mills (Charleston, W. Va.)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment, 1st (1862-1865)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 54th (1863-1865)","United States. Colored Troops","Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913","Appleton, Dr. John.","Appleton, Samuel.","Appleton, William.","Armstrong, Fredrick.","English \n. "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0092","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2421"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers"],"collection_ssim":["John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Boston (Mass.)","Boston (Mass.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.)","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Siege, 1863","Fort Sumter (Charleston, S.C.)","Fort Wagner (S.C.)","Fort Warren (Mass.)","Jacksonville (Fla.)","Massachusetts - History - Civil War, 1861-1865 - Participation, African American.","Morris Island (S.C.)","Morris Island (S.C.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Boston (Mass.)","Boston (Mass.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.)","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Siege, 1863","Fort Sumter (Charleston, S.C.)","Fort Wagner (S.C.)","Fort Warren (Mass.)","Jacksonville (Fla.)","Massachusetts - History - Civil War, 1861-1865 - Participation, African American.","Morris Island (S.C.)","Morris Island (S.C.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913"],"creator_ssim":["Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913"],"creators_ssim":["Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913"],"places_ssim":["Boston (Mass.)","Boston (Mass.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.)","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Siege, 1863","Fort Sumter (Charleston, S.C.)","Fort Wagner (S.C.)","Fort Warren (Mass.)","Jacksonville (Fla.)","Massachusetts - History - Civil War, 1861-1865 - Participation, African American.","Morris Island (S.C.)","Morris Island (S.C.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States. Army -- African American troops","African American soldiers -- History -- 19th century","African American soldiers","African Americans ","Civil War -- Soldiers, Black","Civil War -- MA 54th. Vol. Inf.","Civil War - Massachusetts 54th Volunteers.","Fortification","Olustee, Battle of, Olustee, Fla., 1864","Secessionville, Battle of, Secessionville, S.C., 1862"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States. Army -- African American troops","African American soldiers -- History -- 19th century","African American soldiers","African Americans ","Civil War -- Soldiers, Black","Civil War -- MA 54th. Vol. Inf.","Civil War - Massachusetts 54th Volunteers.","Fortification","Olustee, Battle of, Olustee, Fla., 1864","Secessionville, Battle of, Secessionville, S.C., 1862"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.98 Linear Feet Summary: 1 ft. 11 3/4 in. (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.); (4 flat storage boxes, 3 in.); (1 flat storage box, 4 in.); (1 flat storage box, 3 1/2 in.); (1 reel of microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["1.98 Linear Feet Summary: 1 ft. 11 3/4 in. (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.); (4 flat storage boxes, 3 in.); (1 flat storage box, 4 in.); (1 flat storage box, 3 1/2 in.); (1 reel of microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn W. M. Appleton was born in Massachusetts in 1833. In the early years of the Civil War he served in the Boston Cadet Corps on guard and escort duty and then on garrison duty at the Boston Harbor. In early 1863, Appleton was commissioned as a second lieutenant and appointed one of the first officers of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers. Appleton survived the unit's unsuccessful assault at Fort Wagner, South Carolina, in July 1863, but sustained wounds that kept him out of service for several months. In late November 1863, Appleton was appointed acting assistant inspector for the brigade, and in December he was promoted to major. Appleton suffered from severe sunstroke while on duty at James Island, South Carolina, in July 1864. Complications from his illness forced his early resignation from the 54th Massachusetts in late 1864, but by early 1865 Appleton had recovered sufficiently to perform garrison duties with the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. He served with the unit at Fort Warren, Boston Harbor, until the close of the war and mustered out of service in August 1865. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMajor Appleton, his wife, Mary, and his young daughter, Mabel, moved to Charleston, West Virginia, when the Civil War ended. Appleton managed an artificial gas plant and later operated a woolen and grist mill. He also remained active in the military through the West Virginia Militia and National Guard and as adjutant general of West Virginia from 1897 to 1901. From 1886 to 1913, Appleton managed the Salt Sulphur Springs Resort in Monroe County. John W. M. Appleton died on his farm in Monroe County, West Virginia, in 1913.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["John W. M. Appleton was born in Massachusetts in 1833. In the early years of the Civil War he served in the Boston Cadet Corps on guard and escort duty and then on garrison duty at the Boston Harbor. In early 1863, Appleton was commissioned as a second lieutenant and appointed one of the first officers of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers. Appleton survived the unit's unsuccessful assault at Fort Wagner, South Carolina, in July 1863, but sustained wounds that kept him out of service for several months. In late November 1863, Appleton was appointed acting assistant inspector for the brigade, and in December he was promoted to major. Appleton suffered from severe sunstroke while on duty at James Island, South Carolina, in July 1864. Complications from his illness forced his early resignation from the 54th Massachusetts in late 1864, but by early 1865 Appleton had recovered sufficiently to perform garrison duties with the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. He served with the unit at Fort Warren, Boston Harbor, until the close of the war and mustered out of service in August 1865. ","Major Appleton, his wife, Mary, and his young daughter, Mabel, moved to Charleston, West Virginia, when the Civil War ended. Appleton managed an artificial gas plant and later operated a woolen and grist mill. He also remained active in the military through the West Virginia Militia and National Guard and as adjutant general of West Virginia from 1897 to 1901. From 1886 to 1913, Appleton managed the Salt Sulphur Springs Resort in Monroe County. John W. M. Appleton died on his farm in Monroe County, West Virginia, in 1913."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers, A\u0026amp;M 0092, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers, A\u0026M 0092, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["John W. M. Appleton (1833-1913) was an officer in the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers, during the Civil War. Complications from an illness forced his early resignation from the 54th Massachusetts in late 1864, but by early 1865 Appleton had recovered enough to perform garrison duties with the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. Major Appleton and his family moved to West Virginia when the war ended, where he was active in a variety of business pursuits and remained active in the military, attaining the position of adjutant general of West Virginia.","Appleton's letters to his wife, memoirs, military records (series 2, 3, and 4), and other materials provide a detailed account of his military service with this African American regiment, including the daily operations and activities of his company, troop movements and engagements, and the challenges facing black troops. Appleton also drew detailed sketches in his memoir and letters that depict the battlefield landscape and his unit's positions, including fortifications, encampments, and quarters.","Significant topics documented by series 2, 3, and 4 include:","the geography and military installations around Charleston, South Carolina; \nthe assault on Fort Wagner and other engagements in and around Charleston Harbor in the summer and fall of 1863; \nthe fatigue work, picket duty, and daily life of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry; and \nthe Battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864.","Also included in the collection are family materials and business papers (series 1 and 5). The family materials include genealogy as well as books about Hon. William Appleton and Samuel Appleton. The business papers contain a ledger from Appleton's time as an agent with Oriental Powder Mills.","Series 1. Family Materials, box 1 and box 4, unfoldered.","Family materials include genealogical charts and two books: Memoir of Hon. William Appleton Prepared Agreeably to a Resolution of the Massachusetts Historical Society, by Rev. Chandler Robbins (Boston: Printed by J. Wilson and Son, 1863), and Memorial of Samuel Appleton of Ipswich, Massachusetts: With Genealogical Notices of Some of His Descendants, by Isaac Appleton Jewett (Boston: [publisher not identified], 1850), with signature of John W.M. Appleton inscribed. Also includes an oversize family tree (box 4, loose).","Series 2. Correspondence, box 2.","Appleton's personal correspondence includes a ledger of approximately 106 Civil War era letters, primarily written to his wife, dated April 1863 - March 1864. The letters are similar to the memoir, although they do contain some different material. Along with the letter book are seven loose letters, mostly from March 1863, one letter from February 1864, and a program for a Marine Corps band concert directed by John Phillip Sousa. ","Major topics of the letters include:","Fort Wagner Assault -- Highlights include a letter written on July 18, 1863, the day of the assault, while Appleton and the 54th Massachusetts waited to attack Fort Wagner. Writing to his wife, Appleton describes the shelling and bombardment before the attack and troop positions for the attack. He also writes his goodbyes to his family. An addition at the bottom of the letter, written shortly after the assault ended, describes early details about the dead and wounded. Appleton was injured in the attack, and in his letter dated July 23, 1863, he assures his family that he is alright, although wounded. These letters are not included in the memoir. ","Fortifications and Military Actions -- Includes sketches and descriptions of fortifications and military actions on Folly's Island, Morris Island, and James Island, South Carolina. Also includes sketches, description of fight, and map of the battle at the Battle of Secessionville, SC. Siege of Charleston (fall 1863 and winter 1863/1864) descriptions include information about attacks and garrison duty throughout siege, bombardments of fortifications, and a sketch of Charleston Harbor and Fort Sumter from boat. Additionally, Appleton details the 1863 raids along the Georgia and South Carolina sea cost, and the battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864, including sketches and descriptions of engagements and camps.","Additional Topics Include -- Racial issues, soldier life, camp life, troop morale, Appleton's promotion to Major, and expeditions and raids against southern towns and plantations. Racial issues include United States Colored Troops (USCT), black soldiers, and contraband slaves. Descriptions of officers' camp life include descriptions of tents, cabins, religious activities, drilling, food, holidays (Thanksgiving and Christmas), firing squad, and funerals. Appleton's promotion to Major is documented by a letter of recommendation, among other material.","Series 3. Memoir, boxes 3a-3b.","Box 3a contains John W.M. Appleton's memoir ledger, which begins with a few letters, then transitions to a memoir which is written in the style of a journal. The memoir describes his service from 1863 to 1865 based on his wartime letters, but he frequently expanded on his descriptions of military activities and events, particularly for operations at Fort Wagner, Charleston Harbor, and near Jacksonville, Florida, during the Battle of Olustee. The memoir also contains excerpts from many of his wartime letters. Additional topics include fatigue work, picket duty, artillery bombardments, desertion, executions, his daily activities and camp life, staff officers and the men in his company, issues related to being a black regiment, including payroll inequality, serving with USCT units in Florida, the reaction to black troops, and his sunstroke and convalescence in a Hilton Head hospital in July 1864. ","The memoir includes loose items and items glued to the pages, including photographs of officers and soldiers of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry and of the Appleton family. There are also newspaper clippings, letters, and other correspondence and materials related to the Civil War. Notable among these insertions are two issues of the soldier newspaper The Swamp Angel. A microfilm copy of the memoirs is available. See index below for a listing by page number of these loose and attached items found within the memoir ledger. It includes the names of those shown in photographs. The index also identifies, with the designation \"no page no.\", four loose items whose original location has been lost.","Box 3b contains a framed black and white photograph of Sergeant Major John Wilson, a member of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry. This photograph was originally a loose item in the memoir in box 3a. ","Series 4. Military Records, box 4.","Appleton's military records include a bound book of military service records, as well as photographs, commissions, and other materials.","The bound book of military service records of John W.M. Appleton includes his discharge papers; a photograph of Appleton in uniform, which is glued to the discharge papers; commissions for his service with the 54th Massachusetts, including Second Lieutenant, Captain, and Major; commission as Major of the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery; muster out rolls; and appointment as West Virginia Adjutant General. Also contains newspaper clippings about the 54th Massachusetts and Civil War. Loose items from the bound book include officer commission paperwork; a Shaw Memorial postcard; an obituary clippings for Appleton; and newspaper clippings about 54th Massachusetts and USCTs, Fort Wagner, Florida battles, Charleston siege, and the death of Colonel Robert Gould Shaw.","Photographs include a card mounted photo of Fort Warren, Boston, Massachusetts, ca. 1863, and a photo of Major John W.M. Appleton in 1864.","Also includes two oversize commissions, for quartermaster general and adjutant general.","Series 5. Business Papers, box 5a-5b.","Business papers contain a ledger from Oriental Powder Mills(box 5a). Appleton was an agent of the Oriental Powder Mill, located in Boston, MA, and Charleston, WV. The ledger includes correspondence and records concerning the mill and business transactions, mostly concerning the buying and selling of powder, during the 1870s. This series also includes another ledger containing Trustees Report on Estates of Dr. John Appleton (alternately known as Record Book of Dr. John Appleton of Cambridge, MA kept by his son, John W.M. Appleton, 1875-1912) (box 5b).","Index to loose and attached items in the memoir (Series 3, box 3a): \nPage 0; carte de visite photo, Private John Appleton, 1862 \nPage 3; 3 carte de visite photos, Mrs. Appleton, Captain J.M. Appleton, N.P. Hallowell \nPage 7; 3 letters \nPage 9; 2 carte de visite photos, Colonel Robert G. Shaw, Surgeon Lincoln R. Stone \nPage 30; clipping \nPage 43; clipping (loose), illustration of defenses of Charleston \nPage 49; carte de visite photo, Captain Russell \nPage 51; 2 carte de visite photos, Captain Sam Willard (Mann), Captain Simpkins \nPage 53; tintype photo of USCT soldier (contains information on back, but difficult to read due to attachment to memoir book) \nPage 55; clipping; 2 carte de visite photos, Adjutant G.W. James, structure \nPage 57; clipping; carte de visite photo, Colonel Robert G. Shaw \nPage 59; 2 clippings (fragile) \nPage 61; sketch; carte de visite photo, Captain George Pope \nPage 63; 2 carte de visite photos, Captain Edward N. Jones, Lieutenant Edward B. Emerson \nPage 65; clipping \nPage 69; photo of hospital; carte de visite photo, Captain Luis Emilio \nPage 72; carte de visite photo, William Hallowell; map \nPage 73; 3 carte de visite photos, Sergeant Carney with flag, Drummer Henry Munroe, Drummer Miles Moore \nPage 74-79; clippings \nPage 81; clipping about Colonel Robert G. Shaw (loose) \nPage 83; carte de visite photo, Appleton Sturgis \nPage 87; 3 clippings (loose) \nPage 89; clipping \nPage 91; clipping; typescript listing of food rations \nPage 95; clipping \nPage 103; clipping \nPage 104; stereoview photo, Ruins of Cathedral Broad Street \nPage 105; 2 carte de visite photos, John Ritchie, C.A. Brigham \nPage 111; carte de visite photo, [William] Willie Homans; clipping of tent \nPage 113; carte de visite photo, Charles G. Chipman \nPage 127; clipping of song lyrics about colored troops \nPage 135; sketch of bomb proof \nPage 143; carte de visite photo, Willard Howard \nPage 144; carte de visite photo, Giles M. Pease \nPage 147; sketch of 54th Massachusetts regimental flag; carte de visite photo, E.N. Hallowell \nPage 149; typescript (loose) \nPage 159; Civil War era note; tintype photo, possibly of R.H.L. Jewett \nPage 161; photo of Jacksonville, Florida during Civil War \nPage 179; carte de visite photo of unidentified officer \nPage 181; carte de visite photo, Henry W. Litchfield \nPage 183; photo of signal tower in Jacksonville, Florida \nPage 187; typescript of Olustee, Florida battle casualties (loose) \nPage 219; sketch of 54th Massachusetts camp at Morris Island, 1864 \nPage 223; typescript of General Order; carte de visite photo, Robert Newell \nPage 225; carte de visite photo, Fort Sumter; Swamp Angel (camp newspaper, May 19, 1864 issue); manuscript note (loose) \nPage 227; carte de visite photo, Charles E. Tucker; manuscript note (loose) \nPage 228; carte de visite photo, Captain Homans; manuscript note (loose) \nPage 231; Swamp Angel (camp newspaper, May 26, 1864 issue) \nPage 232; stereoview photo, interior of Fort Sumter \nPage 235; carte de visite photo, W.W. Bridge \nPage 237; photo of cannon and crew \nPage 239; clipping about Charles L. Chandler death \nPage 243; carte de visite photo, Tom Appleton \nPage 253; 3 carte de visite photos, Major John Appleton (2 of the photos are loose) \nPage 257; carte de visite photo, Lieutenant Fred Webster \nPage 261; carte de visite photo, Charles E. Briggs [Brigges] (loose) \nPage 265; 2 carte de visite photos, Lieutenant Rogers, Charles Hallett; photo of Port Royal House in Hilton Head, SC \nPage 267; clipping \nPage 269; typescript, Senate Bill granting medals to 54th Massachusetts members \nPage 274-280; clippings \nPage 281; typescript of letter written by Mary R. Appleton about USCT \nPage 282; clipping \nPage 284; typescript, Senate Bill granting medals to 54th Massachusetts members \nPage 285; General Order No. 50 for raising flag over Fort Sumter in 1865 \nPage 286-end; clippings about 54th Massachusetts soldiers, casualties and death during the Civil War \nNo Page No.; letter from George Pope (Oct. 17, 1896) \nNo Page No.; clippings about the Battle of Olustee (1912) \nNo Page No.; clipping - \"The Civil War Fifty Years Ago\" (1913) \nNo Page No.; Report of Frank Fletcher, showing condition of company after Wagner"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_9b4e106fac41cdd8069e0f3293b98f09\"\u003eJohn W. M. Appleton (1833-1913) was an officer in the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers, during the Civil War. Appleton's letters to his wife, memoirs, military records, and other materials provide a detailed account of his military service with this regiment, including the daily operations and activities of his company, troop movements and engagements, and the challenges facing black troops. Appleton also drew detailed sketches in his memoir and letters that depict the battlefield landscape and his unit's positions, including fortifications, encampments, and quarters. Significant topics include the geography around Charleston, South Carolina; the assault on Fort Wagner and other engagements in the Charleston Harbor in the summer and fall of 1863; the fatigue work and picket duty of the 54th Massachusetts; and the battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864. Also included are family materials and business papers. The family materials include genealogy as well as books about Hon. William Appleton and Samuel Appleton. The business papers contain a ledger from Appleton's time as an agent with Oriental Powder Mills. See Scope and Content Note for more details. See Historical Note for more information about Appleton.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["John W. M. Appleton (1833-1913) was an officer in the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers, during the Civil War. Appleton's letters to his wife, memoirs, military records, and other materials provide a detailed account of his military service with this regiment, including the daily operations and activities of his company, troop movements and engagements, and the challenges facing black troops. Appleton also drew detailed sketches in his memoir and letters that depict the battlefield landscape and his unit's positions, including fortifications, encampments, and quarters. Significant topics include the geography around Charleston, South Carolina; the assault on Fort Wagner and other engagements in the Charleston Harbor in the summer and fall of 1863; the fatigue work and picket duty of the 54th Massachusetts; and the battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864. Also included are family materials and business papers. The family materials include genealogy as well as books about Hon. William Appleton and Samuel Appleton. The business papers contain a ledger from Appleton's time as an agent with Oriental Powder Mills. See Scope and Content Note for more details. See Historical Note for more information about Appleton."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_ec37607c159bd234584aeb24f2e6a0e2\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["Oriental Powder Mills (Charleston, W. Va.)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment, 1st (1862-1865)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 54th (1863-1865)","United States. Colored Troops","Appleton, Dr. John.","Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913","Appleton, Samuel.","Appleton, William.","Armstrong, Fredrick."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Oriental Powder Mills (Charleston, W. Va.)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment, 1st (1862-1865)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 54th (1863-1865)","United States. Colored Troops","Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913","Appleton, Dr. John.","Appleton, Samuel.","Appleton, William.","Armstrong, Fredrick."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Oriental Powder Mills (Charleston, W. Va.)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment, 1st (1862-1865)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 54th (1863-1865)","United States. Colored Troops"],"persname_ssim":["Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913","Appleton, Dr. John.","Appleton, Samuel.","Appleton, William.","Armstrong, Fredrick."],"language_ssim":["English \n. "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:08:32.506Z","scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn W. M. Appleton (1833-1913) was an officer in the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers, during the Civil War. Complications from an illness forced his early resignation from the 54th Massachusetts in late 1864, but by early 1865 Appleton had recovered enough to perform garrison duties with the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. Major Appleton and his family moved to West Virginia when the war ended, where he was active in a variety of business pursuits and remained active in the military, attaining the position of adjutant general of West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAppleton's letters to his wife, memoirs, military records (series 2, 3, and 4), and other materials provide a detailed account of his military service with this African American regiment, including the daily operations and activities of his company, troop movements and engagements, and the challenges facing black troops. Appleton also drew detailed sketches in his memoir and letters that depict the battlefield landscape and his unit's positions, including fortifications, encampments, and quarters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSignificant topics documented by series 2, 3, and 4 include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ethe geography and military installations around Charleston, South Carolina;\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nthe assault on Fort Wagner and other engagements in and around Charleston Harbor in the summer and fall of 1863;\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nthe fatigue work, picket duty, and daily life of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry; and\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nthe Battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso included in the collection are family materials and business papers (series 1 and 5). The family materials include genealogy as well as books about Hon. William Appleton and Samuel Appleton. The business papers contain a ledger from Appleton's time as an agent with Oriental Powder Mills.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1. Family Materials, box 1 and box 4, unfoldered.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFamily materials include genealogical charts and two books: Memoir of Hon. William Appleton Prepared Agreeably to a Resolution of the Massachusetts Historical Society, by Rev. Chandler Robbins (Boston: Printed by J. Wilson and Son, 1863), and Memorial of Samuel Appleton of Ipswich, Massachusetts: With Genealogical Notices of Some of His Descendants, by Isaac Appleton Jewett (Boston: [publisher not identified], 1850), with signature of John W.M. Appleton inscribed. Also includes an oversize family tree (box 4, loose).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2. Correspondence, box 2.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAppleton's personal correspondence includes a ledger of approximately 106 Civil War era letters, primarily written to his wife, dated April 1863 - March 1864. The letters are similar to the memoir, although they do contain some different material. Along with the letter book are seven loose letters, mostly from March 1863, one letter from February 1864, and a program for a Marine Corps band concert directed by John Phillip Sousa. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMajor topics of the letters include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eFort Wagner Assault\u003c/emph\u003e -- Highlights include a letter written on July 18, 1863, the day of the assault, while Appleton and the 54th Massachusetts waited to attack Fort Wagner. Writing to his wife, Appleton describes the shelling and bombardment before the attack and troop positions for the attack. He also writes his goodbyes to his family. An addition at the bottom of the letter, written shortly after the assault ended, describes early details about the dead and wounded. Appleton was injured in the attack, and in his letter dated July 23, 1863, he assures his family that he is alright, although wounded. These letters are not included in the memoir. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eFortifications and Military Actions\u003c/emph\u003e -- Includes sketches and descriptions of fortifications and military actions on Folly's Island, Morris Island, and James Island, South Carolina. Also includes sketches, description of fight, and map of the battle at the Battle of Secessionville, SC. Siege of Charleston (fall 1863 and winter 1863/1864) descriptions include information about attacks and garrison duty throughout siege, bombardments of fortifications, and a sketch of Charleston Harbor and Fort Sumter from boat. Additionally, Appleton details the 1863 raids along the Georgia and South Carolina sea cost, and the battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864, including sketches and descriptions of engagements and camps.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eAdditional Topics Include\u003c/emph\u003e -- Racial issues, soldier life, camp life, troop morale, Appleton's promotion to Major, and expeditions and raids against southern towns and plantations. Racial issues include United States Colored Troops (USCT), black soldiers, and contraband slaves. Descriptions of officers' camp life include descriptions of tents, cabins, religious activities, drilling, food, holidays (Thanksgiving and Christmas), firing squad, and funerals. Appleton's promotion to Major is documented by a letter of recommendation, among other material.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 3. Memoir, boxes 3a-3b.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBox 3a contains John W.M. Appleton's memoir ledger, which begins with a few letters, then transitions to a memoir which is written in the style of a journal. The memoir describes his service from 1863 to 1865 based on his wartime letters, but he frequently expanded on his descriptions of military activities and events, particularly for operations at Fort Wagner, Charleston Harbor, and near Jacksonville, Florida, during the Battle of Olustee. The memoir also contains excerpts from many of his wartime letters. Additional topics include fatigue work, picket duty, artillery bombardments, desertion, executions, his daily activities and camp life, staff officers and the men in his company, issues related to being a black regiment, including payroll inequality, serving with USCT units in Florida, the reaction to black troops, and his sunstroke and convalescence in a Hilton Head hospital in July 1864. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe memoir includes loose items and items glued to the pages, including photographs of officers and soldiers of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry and of the Appleton family. There are also newspaper clippings, letters, and other correspondence and materials related to the Civil War. Notable among these insertions are two issues of the soldier newspaper The Swamp Angel. A microfilm copy of the memoirs is available. See index below for a listing by page number of these loose and attached items found within the memoir ledger. It includes the names of those shown in photographs. The index also identifies, with the designation \"no page no.\", four loose items whose original location has been lost.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBox 3b contains a framed black and white photograph of Sergeant Major John Wilson, a member of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry. This photograph was originally a loose item in the memoir in box 3a. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 4. Military Records, box 4.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAppleton's military records include a bound book of military service records, as well as photographs, commissions, and other materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bound book of military service records of John W.M. Appleton includes his discharge papers; a photograph of Appleton in uniform, which is glued to the discharge papers; commissions for his service with the 54th Massachusetts, including Second Lieutenant, Captain, and Major; commission as Major of the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery; muster out rolls; and appointment as West Virginia Adjutant General. Also contains newspaper clippings about the 54th Massachusetts and Civil War. Loose items from the bound book include officer commission paperwork; a Shaw Memorial postcard; an obituary clippings for Appleton; and newspaper clippings about 54th Massachusetts and USCTs, Fort Wagner, Florida battles, Charleston siege, and the death of Colonel Robert Gould Shaw.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs include a card mounted photo of Fort Warren, Boston, Massachusetts, ca. 1863, and a photo of Major John W.M. Appleton in 1864.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso includes two oversize commissions, for quartermaster general and adjutant general.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 5. Business Papers, box 5a-5b.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBusiness papers contain a ledger from Oriental Powder Mills(box 5a). Appleton was an agent of the Oriental Powder Mill, located in Boston, MA, and Charleston, WV. The ledger includes correspondence and records concerning the mill and business transactions, mostly concerning the buying and selling of powder, during the 1870s. This series also includes another ledger containing Trustees Report on Estates of Dr. John Appleton (alternately known as Record Book of Dr. John Appleton of Cambridge, MA kept by his son, John W.M. Appleton, 1875-1912) (box 5b).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eIndex to loose and attached items in the memoir (Series 3, box 3a):\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 0; carte de visite photo, Private John Appleton, 1862\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 3; 3 carte de visite photos, Mrs. Appleton, Captain J.M. Appleton, N.P. Hallowell\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 7; 3 letters \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 9; 2 carte de visite photos, Colonel Robert G. Shaw, Surgeon Lincoln R. Stone\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 30; clipping\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 43; clipping (loose), illustration of defenses of Charleston\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 49; carte de visite photo, Captain Russell\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e \nPage 51; 2 carte de visite photos, Captain Sam Willard (Mann), Captain Simpkins\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 53; tintype photo of USCT soldier (contains information on back, but difficult to read due to attachment to memoir book)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 55; clipping; 2 carte de visite photos, Adjutant G.W. James, structure\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 57; clipping; carte de visite photo, Colonel Robert G. Shaw\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 59; 2 clippings (fragile)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 61; sketch; carte de visite photo, Captain George Pope\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 63; 2 carte de visite photos, Captain Edward N. Jones, Lieutenant Edward B. Emerson\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 65; clipping\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 69; photo of hospital; carte de visite photo, Captain Luis Emilio\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 72; carte de visite photo, William Hallowell; map\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 73; 3 carte de visite photos, Sergeant Carney with flag, Drummer Henry Munroe, Drummer Miles Moore\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 74-79; clippings\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 81; clipping about Colonel Robert G. Shaw (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 83; carte de visite photo, Appleton Sturgis\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 87; 3 clippings (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 89; clipping\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 91; clipping; typescript listing of food rations\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 95; clipping\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 103; clipping\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 104; stereoview photo, Ruins of Cathedral Broad Street\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 105; 2 carte de visite photos, John Ritchie, C.A. Brigham\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 111; carte de visite photo, [William] Willie Homans; clipping of tent\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 113; carte de visite photo, Charles G. Chipman\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 127; clipping of song lyrics about colored troops\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 135; sketch of bomb proof\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 143; carte de visite photo, Willard Howard\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 144; carte de visite photo, Giles M. Pease\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 147; sketch of 54th Massachusetts regimental flag; carte de visite photo, E.N. Hallowell\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 149; typescript (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 159; Civil War era note; tintype photo, possibly of R.H.L. Jewett\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 161; photo of Jacksonville, Florida during Civil War\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 179; carte de visite photo of unidentified officer\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 181; carte de visite photo, Henry W. Litchfield\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 183; photo of signal tower in Jacksonville, Florida\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 187; typescript of Olustee, Florida battle casualties (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 219; sketch of 54th Massachusetts camp at Morris Island, 1864\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 223; typescript of General Order; carte de visite photo, Robert Newell\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 225; carte de visite photo, Fort Sumter; Swamp Angel (camp newspaper, May 19, 1864 issue); manuscript note (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 227; carte de visite photo, Charles E. Tucker; manuscript note (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 228; carte de visite photo, Captain Homans; manuscript note (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 231; Swamp Angel (camp newspaper, May 26, 1864 issue)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 232; stereoview photo, interior of Fort Sumter\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 235; carte de visite photo, W.W. Bridge\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 237; photo of cannon and crew\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 239; clipping about Charles L. Chandler death\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 243; carte de visite photo, Tom Appleton\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 253; 3 carte de visite photos, Major John Appleton (2 of the photos are loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 257; carte de visite photo, Lieutenant Fred Webster\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 261; carte de visite photo, Charles E. Briggs [Brigges] (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 265; 2 carte de visite photos, Lieutenant Rogers, Charles Hallett; photo of Port Royal House in Hilton Head, SC\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 267; clipping\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 269; typescript, Senate Bill granting medals to 54th Massachusetts members\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 274-280; clippings\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 281; typescript of letter written by Mary R. Appleton about USCT\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 282; clipping\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 284; typescript, Senate Bill granting medals to 54th Massachusetts members\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 285; General Order No. 50 for raising flag over Fort Sumter in 1865\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 286-end; clippings about 54th Massachusetts soldiers, casualties and death during the Civil War\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNo Page No.; letter from George Pope (Oct. 17, 1896)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNo Page No.; clippings about the Battle of Olustee (1912)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNo Page No.; clipping - \"The Civil War Fifty Years Ago\" (1913)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNo Page No.; Report of Frank Fletcher, showing condition of company after Wagner\u003c/p\u003e"],"collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2421","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2421","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2421","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2421","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2421.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196487","title_ssm":["John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers"],"title_tesim":["John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1913","1863-1864"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1863-1864"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1913"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0092","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2421"],"text":["A\u0026M 0092","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2421","John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers","Boston (Mass.)","Boston (Mass.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.)","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Siege, 1863","Fort Sumter (Charleston, S.C.)","Fort Wagner (S.C.)","Fort Warren (Mass.)","Jacksonville (Fla.)","Massachusetts - History - Civil War, 1861-1865 - Participation, African American.","Morris Island (S.C.)","Morris Island (S.C.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States. Army -- African American troops","African American soldiers -- History -- 19th century","African American soldiers","African Americans ","Civil War -- Soldiers, Black","Civil War -- MA 54th. Vol. Inf.","Civil War - Massachusetts 54th Volunteers.","Fortification","Olustee, Battle of, Olustee, Fla., 1864","Secessionville, Battle of, Secessionville, S.C., 1862","No special access restriction applies.","John W. M. Appleton was born in Massachusetts in 1833. In the early years of the Civil War he served in the Boston Cadet Corps on guard and escort duty and then on garrison duty at the Boston Harbor. In early 1863, Appleton was commissioned as a second lieutenant and appointed one of the first officers of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers. Appleton survived the unit's unsuccessful assault at Fort Wagner, South Carolina, in July 1863, but sustained wounds that kept him out of service for several months. In late November 1863, Appleton was appointed acting assistant inspector for the brigade, and in December he was promoted to major. Appleton suffered from severe sunstroke while on duty at James Island, South Carolina, in July 1864. Complications from his illness forced his early resignation from the 54th Massachusetts in late 1864, but by early 1865 Appleton had recovered sufficiently to perform garrison duties with the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. He served with the unit at Fort Warren, Boston Harbor, until the close of the war and mustered out of service in August 1865. ","Major Appleton, his wife, Mary, and his young daughter, Mabel, moved to Charleston, West Virginia, when the Civil War ended. Appleton managed an artificial gas plant and later operated a woolen and grist mill. He also remained active in the military through the West Virginia Militia and National Guard and as adjutant general of West Virginia from 1897 to 1901. From 1886 to 1913, Appleton managed the Salt Sulphur Springs Resort in Monroe County. John W. M. Appleton died on his farm in Monroe County, West Virginia, in 1913.","John W. M. Appleton (1833-1913) was an officer in the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers, during the Civil War. Complications from an illness forced his early resignation from the 54th Massachusetts in late 1864, but by early 1865 Appleton had recovered enough to perform garrison duties with the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. Major Appleton and his family moved to West Virginia when the war ended, where he was active in a variety of business pursuits and remained active in the military, attaining the position of adjutant general of West Virginia.","Appleton's letters to his wife, memoirs, military records (series 2, 3, and 4), and other materials provide a detailed account of his military service with this African American regiment, including the daily operations and activities of his company, troop movements and engagements, and the challenges facing black troops. Appleton also drew detailed sketches in his memoir and letters that depict the battlefield landscape and his unit's positions, including fortifications, encampments, and quarters.","Significant topics documented by series 2, 3, and 4 include:","the geography and military installations around Charleston, South Carolina; \nthe assault on Fort Wagner and other engagements in and around Charleston Harbor in the summer and fall of 1863; \nthe fatigue work, picket duty, and daily life of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry; and \nthe Battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864.","Also included in the collection are family materials and business papers (series 1 and 5). The family materials include genealogy as well as books about Hon. William Appleton and Samuel Appleton. The business papers contain a ledger from Appleton's time as an agent with Oriental Powder Mills.","Series 1. Family Materials, box 1 and box 4, unfoldered.","Family materials include genealogical charts and two books: Memoir of Hon. William Appleton Prepared Agreeably to a Resolution of the Massachusetts Historical Society, by Rev. Chandler Robbins (Boston: Printed by J. Wilson and Son, 1863), and Memorial of Samuel Appleton of Ipswich, Massachusetts: With Genealogical Notices of Some of His Descendants, by Isaac Appleton Jewett (Boston: [publisher not identified], 1850), with signature of John W.M. Appleton inscribed. Also includes an oversize family tree (box 4, loose).","Series 2. Correspondence, box 2.","Appleton's personal correspondence includes a ledger of approximately 106 Civil War era letters, primarily written to his wife, dated April 1863 - March 1864. The letters are similar to the memoir, although they do contain some different material. Along with the letter book are seven loose letters, mostly from March 1863, one letter from February 1864, and a program for a Marine Corps band concert directed by John Phillip Sousa. ","Major topics of the letters include:","Fort Wagner Assault -- Highlights include a letter written on July 18, 1863, the day of the assault, while Appleton and the 54th Massachusetts waited to attack Fort Wagner. Writing to his wife, Appleton describes the shelling and bombardment before the attack and troop positions for the attack. He also writes his goodbyes to his family. An addition at the bottom of the letter, written shortly after the assault ended, describes early details about the dead and wounded. Appleton was injured in the attack, and in his letter dated July 23, 1863, he assures his family that he is alright, although wounded. These letters are not included in the memoir. ","Fortifications and Military Actions -- Includes sketches and descriptions of fortifications and military actions on Folly's Island, Morris Island, and James Island, South Carolina. Also includes sketches, description of fight, and map of the battle at the Battle of Secessionville, SC. Siege of Charleston (fall 1863 and winter 1863/1864) descriptions include information about attacks and garrison duty throughout siege, bombardments of fortifications, and a sketch of Charleston Harbor and Fort Sumter from boat. Additionally, Appleton details the 1863 raids along the Georgia and South Carolina sea cost, and the battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864, including sketches and descriptions of engagements and camps.","Additional Topics Include -- Racial issues, soldier life, camp life, troop morale, Appleton's promotion to Major, and expeditions and raids against southern towns and plantations. Racial issues include United States Colored Troops (USCT), black soldiers, and contraband slaves. Descriptions of officers' camp life include descriptions of tents, cabins, religious activities, drilling, food, holidays (Thanksgiving and Christmas), firing squad, and funerals. Appleton's promotion to Major is documented by a letter of recommendation, among other material.","Series 3. Memoir, boxes 3a-3b.","Box 3a contains John W.M. Appleton's memoir ledger, which begins with a few letters, then transitions to a memoir which is written in the style of a journal. The memoir describes his service from 1863 to 1865 based on his wartime letters, but he frequently expanded on his descriptions of military activities and events, particularly for operations at Fort Wagner, Charleston Harbor, and near Jacksonville, Florida, during the Battle of Olustee. The memoir also contains excerpts from many of his wartime letters. Additional topics include fatigue work, picket duty, artillery bombardments, desertion, executions, his daily activities and camp life, staff officers and the men in his company, issues related to being a black regiment, including payroll inequality, serving with USCT units in Florida, the reaction to black troops, and his sunstroke and convalescence in a Hilton Head hospital in July 1864. ","The memoir includes loose items and items glued to the pages, including photographs of officers and soldiers of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry and of the Appleton family. There are also newspaper clippings, letters, and other correspondence and materials related to the Civil War. Notable among these insertions are two issues of the soldier newspaper The Swamp Angel. A microfilm copy of the memoirs is available. See index below for a listing by page number of these loose and attached items found within the memoir ledger. It includes the names of those shown in photographs. The index also identifies, with the designation \"no page no.\", four loose items whose original location has been lost.","Box 3b contains a framed black and white photograph of Sergeant Major John Wilson, a member of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry. This photograph was originally a loose item in the memoir in box 3a. ","Series 4. Military Records, box 4.","Appleton's military records include a bound book of military service records, as well as photographs, commissions, and other materials.","The bound book of military service records of John W.M. Appleton includes his discharge papers; a photograph of Appleton in uniform, which is glued to the discharge papers; commissions for his service with the 54th Massachusetts, including Second Lieutenant, Captain, and Major; commission as Major of the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery; muster out rolls; and appointment as West Virginia Adjutant General. Also contains newspaper clippings about the 54th Massachusetts and Civil War. Loose items from the bound book include officer commission paperwork; a Shaw Memorial postcard; an obituary clippings for Appleton; and newspaper clippings about 54th Massachusetts and USCTs, Fort Wagner, Florida battles, Charleston siege, and the death of Colonel Robert Gould Shaw.","Photographs include a card mounted photo of Fort Warren, Boston, Massachusetts, ca. 1863, and a photo of Major John W.M. Appleton in 1864.","Also includes two oversize commissions, for quartermaster general and adjutant general.","Series 5. Business Papers, box 5a-5b.","Business papers contain a ledger from Oriental Powder Mills(box 5a). Appleton was an agent of the Oriental Powder Mill, located in Boston, MA, and Charleston, WV. The ledger includes correspondence and records concerning the mill and business transactions, mostly concerning the buying and selling of powder, during the 1870s. This series also includes another ledger containing Trustees Report on Estates of Dr. John Appleton (alternately known as Record Book of Dr. John Appleton of Cambridge, MA kept by his son, John W.M. Appleton, 1875-1912) (box 5b).","Index to loose and attached items in the memoir (Series 3, box 3a): \nPage 0; carte de visite photo, Private John Appleton, 1862 \nPage 3; 3 carte de visite photos, Mrs. Appleton, Captain J.M. Appleton, N.P. Hallowell \nPage 7; 3 letters \nPage 9; 2 carte de visite photos, Colonel Robert G. Shaw, Surgeon Lincoln R. Stone \nPage 30; clipping \nPage 43; clipping (loose), illustration of defenses of Charleston \nPage 49; carte de visite photo, Captain Russell \nPage 51; 2 carte de visite photos, Captain Sam Willard (Mann), Captain Simpkins \nPage 53; tintype photo of USCT soldier (contains information on back, but difficult to read due to attachment to memoir book) \nPage 55; clipping; 2 carte de visite photos, Adjutant G.W. James, structure \nPage 57; clipping; carte de visite photo, Colonel Robert G. Shaw \nPage 59; 2 clippings (fragile) \nPage 61; sketch; carte de visite photo, Captain George Pope \nPage 63; 2 carte de visite photos, Captain Edward N. Jones, Lieutenant Edward B. Emerson \nPage 65; clipping \nPage 69; photo of hospital; carte de visite photo, Captain Luis Emilio \nPage 72; carte de visite photo, William Hallowell; map \nPage 73; 3 carte de visite photos, Sergeant Carney with flag, Drummer Henry Munroe, Drummer Miles Moore \nPage 74-79; clippings \nPage 81; clipping about Colonel Robert G. Shaw (loose) \nPage 83; carte de visite photo, Appleton Sturgis \nPage 87; 3 clippings (loose) \nPage 89; clipping \nPage 91; clipping; typescript listing of food rations \nPage 95; clipping \nPage 103; clipping \nPage 104; stereoview photo, Ruins of Cathedral Broad Street \nPage 105; 2 carte de visite photos, John Ritchie, C.A. Brigham \nPage 111; carte de visite photo, [William] Willie Homans; clipping of tent \nPage 113; carte de visite photo, Charles G. Chipman \nPage 127; clipping of song lyrics about colored troops \nPage 135; sketch of bomb proof \nPage 143; carte de visite photo, Willard Howard \nPage 144; carte de visite photo, Giles M. Pease \nPage 147; sketch of 54th Massachusetts regimental flag; carte de visite photo, E.N. Hallowell \nPage 149; typescript (loose) \nPage 159; Civil War era note; tintype photo, possibly of R.H.L. Jewett \nPage 161; photo of Jacksonville, Florida during Civil War \nPage 179; carte de visite photo of unidentified officer \nPage 181; carte de visite photo, Henry W. Litchfield \nPage 183; photo of signal tower in Jacksonville, Florida \nPage 187; typescript of Olustee, Florida battle casualties (loose) \nPage 219; sketch of 54th Massachusetts camp at Morris Island, 1864 \nPage 223; typescript of General Order; carte de visite photo, Robert Newell \nPage 225; carte de visite photo, Fort Sumter; Swamp Angel (camp newspaper, May 19, 1864 issue); manuscript note (loose) \nPage 227; carte de visite photo, Charles E. Tucker; manuscript note (loose) \nPage 228; carte de visite photo, Captain Homans; manuscript note (loose) \nPage 231; Swamp Angel (camp newspaper, May 26, 1864 issue) \nPage 232; stereoview photo, interior of Fort Sumter \nPage 235; carte de visite photo, W.W. Bridge \nPage 237; photo of cannon and crew \nPage 239; clipping about Charles L. Chandler death \nPage 243; carte de visite photo, Tom Appleton \nPage 253; 3 carte de visite photos, Major John Appleton (2 of the photos are loose) \nPage 257; carte de visite photo, Lieutenant Fred Webster \nPage 261; carte de visite photo, Charles E. Briggs [Brigges] (loose) \nPage 265; 2 carte de visite photos, Lieutenant Rogers, Charles Hallett; photo of Port Royal House in Hilton Head, SC \nPage 267; clipping \nPage 269; typescript, Senate Bill granting medals to 54th Massachusetts members \nPage 274-280; clippings \nPage 281; typescript of letter written by Mary R. Appleton about USCT \nPage 282; clipping \nPage 284; typescript, Senate Bill granting medals to 54th Massachusetts members \nPage 285; General Order No. 50 for raising flag over Fort Sumter in 1865 \nPage 286-end; clippings about 54th Massachusetts soldiers, casualties and death during the Civil War \nNo Page No.; letter from George Pope (Oct. 17, 1896) \nNo Page No.; clippings about the Battle of Olustee (1912) \nNo Page No.; clipping - \"The Civil War Fifty Years Ago\" (1913) \nNo Page No.; Report of Frank Fletcher, showing condition of company after Wagner","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","John W. M. Appleton (1833-1913) was an officer in the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers, during the Civil War. Appleton's letters to his wife, memoirs, military records, and other materials provide a detailed account of his military service with this regiment, including the daily operations and activities of his company, troop movements and engagements, and the challenges facing black troops. Appleton also drew detailed sketches in his memoir and letters that depict the battlefield landscape and his unit's positions, including fortifications, encampments, and quarters. Significant topics include the geography around Charleston, South Carolina; the assault on Fort Wagner and other engagements in the Charleston Harbor in the summer and fall of 1863; the fatigue work and picket duty of the 54th Massachusetts; and the battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864. Also included are family materials and business papers. The family materials include genealogy as well as books about Hon. William Appleton and Samuel Appleton. The business papers contain a ledger from Appleton's time as an agent with Oriental Powder Mills. See Scope and Content Note for more details. See Historical Note for more information about Appleton.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Oriental Powder Mills (Charleston, W. Va.)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment, 1st (1862-1865)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 54th (1863-1865)","United States. Colored Troops","Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913","Appleton, Dr. John.","Appleton, Samuel.","Appleton, William.","Armstrong, Fredrick.","English \n. "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0092","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2421"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers"],"collection_ssim":["John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Boston (Mass.)","Boston (Mass.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.)","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Siege, 1863","Fort Sumter (Charleston, S.C.)","Fort Wagner (S.C.)","Fort Warren (Mass.)","Jacksonville (Fla.)","Massachusetts - History - Civil War, 1861-1865 - Participation, African American.","Morris Island (S.C.)","Morris Island (S.C.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Boston (Mass.)","Boston (Mass.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.)","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Siege, 1863","Fort Sumter (Charleston, S.C.)","Fort Wagner (S.C.)","Fort Warren (Mass.)","Jacksonville (Fla.)","Massachusetts - History - Civil War, 1861-1865 - Participation, African American.","Morris Island (S.C.)","Morris Island (S.C.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913"],"creator_ssim":["Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913"],"creators_ssim":["Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913"],"places_ssim":["Boston (Mass.)","Boston (Mass.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.)","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Charleston (S.C.) -- History -- Siege, 1863","Fort Sumter (Charleston, S.C.)","Fort Wagner (S.C.)","Fort Warren (Mass.)","Jacksonville (Fla.)","Massachusetts - History - Civil War, 1861-1865 - Participation, African American.","Morris Island (S.C.)","Morris Island (S.C.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States. Army -- African American troops","African American soldiers -- History -- 19th century","African American soldiers","African Americans ","Civil War -- Soldiers, Black","Civil War -- MA 54th. Vol. Inf.","Civil War - Massachusetts 54th Volunteers.","Fortification","Olustee, Battle of, Olustee, Fla., 1864","Secessionville, Battle of, Secessionville, S.C., 1862"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States. Army -- African American troops","African American soldiers -- History -- 19th century","African American soldiers","African Americans ","Civil War -- Soldiers, Black","Civil War -- MA 54th. Vol. Inf.","Civil War - Massachusetts 54th Volunteers.","Fortification","Olustee, Battle of, Olustee, Fla., 1864","Secessionville, Battle of, Secessionville, S.C., 1862"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.98 Linear Feet Summary: 1 ft. 11 3/4 in. (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.); (4 flat storage boxes, 3 in.); (1 flat storage box, 4 in.); (1 flat storage box, 3 1/2 in.); (1 reel of microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["1.98 Linear Feet Summary: 1 ft. 11 3/4 in. (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.); (4 flat storage boxes, 3 in.); (1 flat storage box, 4 in.); (1 flat storage box, 3 1/2 in.); (1 reel of microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn W. M. Appleton was born in Massachusetts in 1833. In the early years of the Civil War he served in the Boston Cadet Corps on guard and escort duty and then on garrison duty at the Boston Harbor. In early 1863, Appleton was commissioned as a second lieutenant and appointed one of the first officers of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers. Appleton survived the unit's unsuccessful assault at Fort Wagner, South Carolina, in July 1863, but sustained wounds that kept him out of service for several months. In late November 1863, Appleton was appointed acting assistant inspector for the brigade, and in December he was promoted to major. Appleton suffered from severe sunstroke while on duty at James Island, South Carolina, in July 1864. Complications from his illness forced his early resignation from the 54th Massachusetts in late 1864, but by early 1865 Appleton had recovered sufficiently to perform garrison duties with the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. He served with the unit at Fort Warren, Boston Harbor, until the close of the war and mustered out of service in August 1865. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMajor Appleton, his wife, Mary, and his young daughter, Mabel, moved to Charleston, West Virginia, when the Civil War ended. Appleton managed an artificial gas plant and later operated a woolen and grist mill. He also remained active in the military through the West Virginia Militia and National Guard and as adjutant general of West Virginia from 1897 to 1901. From 1886 to 1913, Appleton managed the Salt Sulphur Springs Resort in Monroe County. John W. M. Appleton died on his farm in Monroe County, West Virginia, in 1913.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["John W. M. Appleton was born in Massachusetts in 1833. In the early years of the Civil War he served in the Boston Cadet Corps on guard and escort duty and then on garrison duty at the Boston Harbor. In early 1863, Appleton was commissioned as a second lieutenant and appointed one of the first officers of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers. Appleton survived the unit's unsuccessful assault at Fort Wagner, South Carolina, in July 1863, but sustained wounds that kept him out of service for several months. In late November 1863, Appleton was appointed acting assistant inspector for the brigade, and in December he was promoted to major. Appleton suffered from severe sunstroke while on duty at James Island, South Carolina, in July 1864. Complications from his illness forced his early resignation from the 54th Massachusetts in late 1864, but by early 1865 Appleton had recovered sufficiently to perform garrison duties with the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. He served with the unit at Fort Warren, Boston Harbor, until the close of the war and mustered out of service in August 1865. ","Major Appleton, his wife, Mary, and his young daughter, Mabel, moved to Charleston, West Virginia, when the Civil War ended. Appleton managed an artificial gas plant and later operated a woolen and grist mill. He also remained active in the military through the West Virginia Militia and National Guard and as adjutant general of West Virginia from 1897 to 1901. From 1886 to 1913, Appleton managed the Salt Sulphur Springs Resort in Monroe County. John W. M. Appleton died on his farm in Monroe County, West Virginia, in 1913."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers, A\u0026amp;M 0092, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], John W.M. Appleton (1832-1913), Soldier, Civil War Papers, A\u0026M 0092, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["John W. M. Appleton (1833-1913) was an officer in the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers, during the Civil War. Complications from an illness forced his early resignation from the 54th Massachusetts in late 1864, but by early 1865 Appleton had recovered enough to perform garrison duties with the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. Major Appleton and his family moved to West Virginia when the war ended, where he was active in a variety of business pursuits and remained active in the military, attaining the position of adjutant general of West Virginia.","Appleton's letters to his wife, memoirs, military records (series 2, 3, and 4), and other materials provide a detailed account of his military service with this African American regiment, including the daily operations and activities of his company, troop movements and engagements, and the challenges facing black troops. Appleton also drew detailed sketches in his memoir and letters that depict the battlefield landscape and his unit's positions, including fortifications, encampments, and quarters.","Significant topics documented by series 2, 3, and 4 include:","the geography and military installations around Charleston, South Carolina; \nthe assault on Fort Wagner and other engagements in and around Charleston Harbor in the summer and fall of 1863; \nthe fatigue work, picket duty, and daily life of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry; and \nthe Battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864.","Also included in the collection are family materials and business papers (series 1 and 5). The family materials include genealogy as well as books about Hon. William Appleton and Samuel Appleton. The business papers contain a ledger from Appleton's time as an agent with Oriental Powder Mills.","Series 1. Family Materials, box 1 and box 4, unfoldered.","Family materials include genealogical charts and two books: Memoir of Hon. William Appleton Prepared Agreeably to a Resolution of the Massachusetts Historical Society, by Rev. Chandler Robbins (Boston: Printed by J. Wilson and Son, 1863), and Memorial of Samuel Appleton of Ipswich, Massachusetts: With Genealogical Notices of Some of His Descendants, by Isaac Appleton Jewett (Boston: [publisher not identified], 1850), with signature of John W.M. Appleton inscribed. Also includes an oversize family tree (box 4, loose).","Series 2. Correspondence, box 2.","Appleton's personal correspondence includes a ledger of approximately 106 Civil War era letters, primarily written to his wife, dated April 1863 - March 1864. The letters are similar to the memoir, although they do contain some different material. Along with the letter book are seven loose letters, mostly from March 1863, one letter from February 1864, and a program for a Marine Corps band concert directed by John Phillip Sousa. ","Major topics of the letters include:","Fort Wagner Assault -- Highlights include a letter written on July 18, 1863, the day of the assault, while Appleton and the 54th Massachusetts waited to attack Fort Wagner. Writing to his wife, Appleton describes the shelling and bombardment before the attack and troop positions for the attack. He also writes his goodbyes to his family. An addition at the bottom of the letter, written shortly after the assault ended, describes early details about the dead and wounded. Appleton was injured in the attack, and in his letter dated July 23, 1863, he assures his family that he is alright, although wounded. These letters are not included in the memoir. ","Fortifications and Military Actions -- Includes sketches and descriptions of fortifications and military actions on Folly's Island, Morris Island, and James Island, South Carolina. Also includes sketches, description of fight, and map of the battle at the Battle of Secessionville, SC. Siege of Charleston (fall 1863 and winter 1863/1864) descriptions include information about attacks and garrison duty throughout siege, bombardments of fortifications, and a sketch of Charleston Harbor and Fort Sumter from boat. Additionally, Appleton details the 1863 raids along the Georgia and South Carolina sea cost, and the battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864, including sketches and descriptions of engagements and camps.","Additional Topics Include -- Racial issues, soldier life, camp life, troop morale, Appleton's promotion to Major, and expeditions and raids against southern towns and plantations. Racial issues include United States Colored Troops (USCT), black soldiers, and contraband slaves. Descriptions of officers' camp life include descriptions of tents, cabins, religious activities, drilling, food, holidays (Thanksgiving and Christmas), firing squad, and funerals. Appleton's promotion to Major is documented by a letter of recommendation, among other material.","Series 3. Memoir, boxes 3a-3b.","Box 3a contains John W.M. Appleton's memoir ledger, which begins with a few letters, then transitions to a memoir which is written in the style of a journal. The memoir describes his service from 1863 to 1865 based on his wartime letters, but he frequently expanded on his descriptions of military activities and events, particularly for operations at Fort Wagner, Charleston Harbor, and near Jacksonville, Florida, during the Battle of Olustee. The memoir also contains excerpts from many of his wartime letters. Additional topics include fatigue work, picket duty, artillery bombardments, desertion, executions, his daily activities and camp life, staff officers and the men in his company, issues related to being a black regiment, including payroll inequality, serving with USCT units in Florida, the reaction to black troops, and his sunstroke and convalescence in a Hilton Head hospital in July 1864. ","The memoir includes loose items and items glued to the pages, including photographs of officers and soldiers of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry and of the Appleton family. There are also newspaper clippings, letters, and other correspondence and materials related to the Civil War. Notable among these insertions are two issues of the soldier newspaper The Swamp Angel. A microfilm copy of the memoirs is available. See index below for a listing by page number of these loose and attached items found within the memoir ledger. It includes the names of those shown in photographs. The index also identifies, with the designation \"no page no.\", four loose items whose original location has been lost.","Box 3b contains a framed black and white photograph of Sergeant Major John Wilson, a member of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry. This photograph was originally a loose item in the memoir in box 3a. ","Series 4. Military Records, box 4.","Appleton's military records include a bound book of military service records, as well as photographs, commissions, and other materials.","The bound book of military service records of John W.M. Appleton includes his discharge papers; a photograph of Appleton in uniform, which is glued to the discharge papers; commissions for his service with the 54th Massachusetts, including Second Lieutenant, Captain, and Major; commission as Major of the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery; muster out rolls; and appointment as West Virginia Adjutant General. Also contains newspaper clippings about the 54th Massachusetts and Civil War. Loose items from the bound book include officer commission paperwork; a Shaw Memorial postcard; an obituary clippings for Appleton; and newspaper clippings about 54th Massachusetts and USCTs, Fort Wagner, Florida battles, Charleston siege, and the death of Colonel Robert Gould Shaw.","Photographs include a card mounted photo of Fort Warren, Boston, Massachusetts, ca. 1863, and a photo of Major John W.M. Appleton in 1864.","Also includes two oversize commissions, for quartermaster general and adjutant general.","Series 5. Business Papers, box 5a-5b.","Business papers contain a ledger from Oriental Powder Mills(box 5a). Appleton was an agent of the Oriental Powder Mill, located in Boston, MA, and Charleston, WV. The ledger includes correspondence and records concerning the mill and business transactions, mostly concerning the buying and selling of powder, during the 1870s. This series also includes another ledger containing Trustees Report on Estates of Dr. John Appleton (alternately known as Record Book of Dr. John Appleton of Cambridge, MA kept by his son, John W.M. Appleton, 1875-1912) (box 5b).","Index to loose and attached items in the memoir (Series 3, box 3a): \nPage 0; carte de visite photo, Private John Appleton, 1862 \nPage 3; 3 carte de visite photos, Mrs. Appleton, Captain J.M. Appleton, N.P. Hallowell \nPage 7; 3 letters \nPage 9; 2 carte de visite photos, Colonel Robert G. Shaw, Surgeon Lincoln R. Stone \nPage 30; clipping \nPage 43; clipping (loose), illustration of defenses of Charleston \nPage 49; carte de visite photo, Captain Russell \nPage 51; 2 carte de visite photos, Captain Sam Willard (Mann), Captain Simpkins \nPage 53; tintype photo of USCT soldier (contains information on back, but difficult to read due to attachment to memoir book) \nPage 55; clipping; 2 carte de visite photos, Adjutant G.W. James, structure \nPage 57; clipping; carte de visite photo, Colonel Robert G. Shaw \nPage 59; 2 clippings (fragile) \nPage 61; sketch; carte de visite photo, Captain George Pope \nPage 63; 2 carte de visite photos, Captain Edward N. Jones, Lieutenant Edward B. Emerson \nPage 65; clipping \nPage 69; photo of hospital; carte de visite photo, Captain Luis Emilio \nPage 72; carte de visite photo, William Hallowell; map \nPage 73; 3 carte de visite photos, Sergeant Carney with flag, Drummer Henry Munroe, Drummer Miles Moore \nPage 74-79; clippings \nPage 81; clipping about Colonel Robert G. Shaw (loose) \nPage 83; carte de visite photo, Appleton Sturgis \nPage 87; 3 clippings (loose) \nPage 89; clipping \nPage 91; clipping; typescript listing of food rations \nPage 95; clipping \nPage 103; clipping \nPage 104; stereoview photo, Ruins of Cathedral Broad Street \nPage 105; 2 carte de visite photos, John Ritchie, C.A. Brigham \nPage 111; carte de visite photo, [William] Willie Homans; clipping of tent \nPage 113; carte de visite photo, Charles G. Chipman \nPage 127; clipping of song lyrics about colored troops \nPage 135; sketch of bomb proof \nPage 143; carte de visite photo, Willard Howard \nPage 144; carte de visite photo, Giles M. Pease \nPage 147; sketch of 54th Massachusetts regimental flag; carte de visite photo, E.N. Hallowell \nPage 149; typescript (loose) \nPage 159; Civil War era note; tintype photo, possibly of R.H.L. Jewett \nPage 161; photo of Jacksonville, Florida during Civil War \nPage 179; carte de visite photo of unidentified officer \nPage 181; carte de visite photo, Henry W. Litchfield \nPage 183; photo of signal tower in Jacksonville, Florida \nPage 187; typescript of Olustee, Florida battle casualties (loose) \nPage 219; sketch of 54th Massachusetts camp at Morris Island, 1864 \nPage 223; typescript of General Order; carte de visite photo, Robert Newell \nPage 225; carte de visite photo, Fort Sumter; Swamp Angel (camp newspaper, May 19, 1864 issue); manuscript note (loose) \nPage 227; carte de visite photo, Charles E. Tucker; manuscript note (loose) \nPage 228; carte de visite photo, Captain Homans; manuscript note (loose) \nPage 231; Swamp Angel (camp newspaper, May 26, 1864 issue) \nPage 232; stereoview photo, interior of Fort Sumter \nPage 235; carte de visite photo, W.W. Bridge \nPage 237; photo of cannon and crew \nPage 239; clipping about Charles L. Chandler death \nPage 243; carte de visite photo, Tom Appleton \nPage 253; 3 carte de visite photos, Major John Appleton (2 of the photos are loose) \nPage 257; carte de visite photo, Lieutenant Fred Webster \nPage 261; carte de visite photo, Charles E. Briggs [Brigges] (loose) \nPage 265; 2 carte de visite photos, Lieutenant Rogers, Charles Hallett; photo of Port Royal House in Hilton Head, SC \nPage 267; clipping \nPage 269; typescript, Senate Bill granting medals to 54th Massachusetts members \nPage 274-280; clippings \nPage 281; typescript of letter written by Mary R. Appleton about USCT \nPage 282; clipping \nPage 284; typescript, Senate Bill granting medals to 54th Massachusetts members \nPage 285; General Order No. 50 for raising flag over Fort Sumter in 1865 \nPage 286-end; clippings about 54th Massachusetts soldiers, casualties and death during the Civil War \nNo Page No.; letter from George Pope (Oct. 17, 1896) \nNo Page No.; clippings about the Battle of Olustee (1912) \nNo Page No.; clipping - \"The Civil War Fifty Years Ago\" (1913) \nNo Page No.; Report of Frank Fletcher, showing condition of company after Wagner"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_9b4e106fac41cdd8069e0f3293b98f09\"\u003eJohn W. M. Appleton (1833-1913) was an officer in the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers, during the Civil War. Appleton's letters to his wife, memoirs, military records, and other materials provide a detailed account of his military service with this regiment, including the daily operations and activities of his company, troop movements and engagements, and the challenges facing black troops. Appleton also drew detailed sketches in his memoir and letters that depict the battlefield landscape and his unit's positions, including fortifications, encampments, and quarters. Significant topics include the geography around Charleston, South Carolina; the assault on Fort Wagner and other engagements in the Charleston Harbor in the summer and fall of 1863; the fatigue work and picket duty of the 54th Massachusetts; and the battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864. Also included are family materials and business papers. The family materials include genealogy as well as books about Hon. William Appleton and Samuel Appleton. The business papers contain a ledger from Appleton's time as an agent with Oriental Powder Mills. See Scope and Content Note for more details. See Historical Note for more information about Appleton.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["John W. M. Appleton (1833-1913) was an officer in the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers, during the Civil War. Appleton's letters to his wife, memoirs, military records, and other materials provide a detailed account of his military service with this regiment, including the daily operations and activities of his company, troop movements and engagements, and the challenges facing black troops. Appleton also drew detailed sketches in his memoir and letters that depict the battlefield landscape and his unit's positions, including fortifications, encampments, and quarters. Significant topics include the geography around Charleston, South Carolina; the assault on Fort Wagner and other engagements in the Charleston Harbor in the summer and fall of 1863; the fatigue work and picket duty of the 54th Massachusetts; and the battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864. Also included are family materials and business papers. The family materials include genealogy as well as books about Hon. William Appleton and Samuel Appleton. The business papers contain a ledger from Appleton's time as an agent with Oriental Powder Mills. See Scope and Content Note for more details. See Historical Note for more information about Appleton."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_ec37607c159bd234584aeb24f2e6a0e2\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["Oriental Powder Mills (Charleston, W. Va.)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment, 1st (1862-1865)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 54th (1863-1865)","United States. Colored Troops","Appleton, Dr. John.","Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913","Appleton, Samuel.","Appleton, William.","Armstrong, Fredrick."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Oriental Powder Mills (Charleston, W. Va.)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment, 1st (1862-1865)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 54th (1863-1865)","United States. Colored Troops","Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913","Appleton, Dr. John.","Appleton, Samuel.","Appleton, William.","Armstrong, Fredrick."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Oriental Powder Mills (Charleston, W. Va.)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment, 1st (1862-1865)","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 54th (1863-1865)","United States. Colored Troops"],"persname_ssim":["Appleton, John W. M., 1832-1913","Appleton, Dr. John.","Appleton, Samuel.","Appleton, William.","Armstrong, Fredrick."],"language_ssim":["English \n. "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:08:32.506Z","scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn W. M. Appleton (1833-1913) was an officer in the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, the Union's first regiment of African American soldiers, during the Civil War. Complications from an illness forced his early resignation from the 54th Massachusetts in late 1864, but by early 1865 Appleton had recovered enough to perform garrison duties with the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. Major Appleton and his family moved to West Virginia when the war ended, where he was active in a variety of business pursuits and remained active in the military, attaining the position of adjutant general of West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAppleton's letters to his wife, memoirs, military records (series 2, 3, and 4), and other materials provide a detailed account of his military service with this African American regiment, including the daily operations and activities of his company, troop movements and engagements, and the challenges facing black troops. Appleton also drew detailed sketches in his memoir and letters that depict the battlefield landscape and his unit's positions, including fortifications, encampments, and quarters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSignificant topics documented by series 2, 3, and 4 include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ethe geography and military installations around Charleston, South Carolina;\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nthe assault on Fort Wagner and other engagements in and around Charleston Harbor in the summer and fall of 1863;\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nthe fatigue work, picket duty, and daily life of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry; and\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nthe Battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso included in the collection are family materials and business papers (series 1 and 5). The family materials include genealogy as well as books about Hon. William Appleton and Samuel Appleton. The business papers contain a ledger from Appleton's time as an agent with Oriental Powder Mills.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1. Family Materials, box 1 and box 4, unfoldered.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFamily materials include genealogical charts and two books: Memoir of Hon. William Appleton Prepared Agreeably to a Resolution of the Massachusetts Historical Society, by Rev. Chandler Robbins (Boston: Printed by J. Wilson and Son, 1863), and Memorial of Samuel Appleton of Ipswich, Massachusetts: With Genealogical Notices of Some of His Descendants, by Isaac Appleton Jewett (Boston: [publisher not identified], 1850), with signature of John W.M. Appleton inscribed. Also includes an oversize family tree (box 4, loose).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2. Correspondence, box 2.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAppleton's personal correspondence includes a ledger of approximately 106 Civil War era letters, primarily written to his wife, dated April 1863 - March 1864. The letters are similar to the memoir, although they do contain some different material. Along with the letter book are seven loose letters, mostly from March 1863, one letter from February 1864, and a program for a Marine Corps band concert directed by John Phillip Sousa. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMajor topics of the letters include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eFort Wagner Assault\u003c/emph\u003e -- Highlights include a letter written on July 18, 1863, the day of the assault, while Appleton and the 54th Massachusetts waited to attack Fort Wagner. Writing to his wife, Appleton describes the shelling and bombardment before the attack and troop positions for the attack. He also writes his goodbyes to his family. An addition at the bottom of the letter, written shortly after the assault ended, describes early details about the dead and wounded. Appleton was injured in the attack, and in his letter dated July 23, 1863, he assures his family that he is alright, although wounded. These letters are not included in the memoir. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eFortifications and Military Actions\u003c/emph\u003e -- Includes sketches and descriptions of fortifications and military actions on Folly's Island, Morris Island, and James Island, South Carolina. Also includes sketches, description of fight, and map of the battle at the Battle of Secessionville, SC. Siege of Charleston (fall 1863 and winter 1863/1864) descriptions include information about attacks and garrison duty throughout siege, bombardments of fortifications, and a sketch of Charleston Harbor and Fort Sumter from boat. Additionally, Appleton details the 1863 raids along the Georgia and South Carolina sea cost, and the battle of Olustee and related engagements near Jacksonville, Florida, in February and March 1864, including sketches and descriptions of engagements and camps.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eAdditional Topics Include\u003c/emph\u003e -- Racial issues, soldier life, camp life, troop morale, Appleton's promotion to Major, and expeditions and raids against southern towns and plantations. Racial issues include United States Colored Troops (USCT), black soldiers, and contraband slaves. Descriptions of officers' camp life include descriptions of tents, cabins, religious activities, drilling, food, holidays (Thanksgiving and Christmas), firing squad, and funerals. Appleton's promotion to Major is documented by a letter of recommendation, among other material.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 3. Memoir, boxes 3a-3b.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBox 3a contains John W.M. Appleton's memoir ledger, which begins with a few letters, then transitions to a memoir which is written in the style of a journal. The memoir describes his service from 1863 to 1865 based on his wartime letters, but he frequently expanded on his descriptions of military activities and events, particularly for operations at Fort Wagner, Charleston Harbor, and near Jacksonville, Florida, during the Battle of Olustee. The memoir also contains excerpts from many of his wartime letters. Additional topics include fatigue work, picket duty, artillery bombardments, desertion, executions, his daily activities and camp life, staff officers and the men in his company, issues related to being a black regiment, including payroll inequality, serving with USCT units in Florida, the reaction to black troops, and his sunstroke and convalescence in a Hilton Head hospital in July 1864. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe memoir includes loose items and items glued to the pages, including photographs of officers and soldiers of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry and of the Appleton family. There are also newspaper clippings, letters, and other correspondence and materials related to the Civil War. Notable among these insertions are two issues of the soldier newspaper The Swamp Angel. A microfilm copy of the memoirs is available. See index below for a listing by page number of these loose and attached items found within the memoir ledger. It includes the names of those shown in photographs. The index also identifies, with the designation \"no page no.\", four loose items whose original location has been lost.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBox 3b contains a framed black and white photograph of Sergeant Major John Wilson, a member of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry. This photograph was originally a loose item in the memoir in box 3a. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 4. Military Records, box 4.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAppleton's military records include a bound book of military service records, as well as photographs, commissions, and other materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bound book of military service records of John W.M. Appleton includes his discharge papers; a photograph of Appleton in uniform, which is glued to the discharge papers; commissions for his service with the 54th Massachusetts, including Second Lieutenant, Captain, and Major; commission as Major of the 1st Battalion Massachusetts Heavy Artillery; muster out rolls; and appointment as West Virginia Adjutant General. Also contains newspaper clippings about the 54th Massachusetts and Civil War. Loose items from the bound book include officer commission paperwork; a Shaw Memorial postcard; an obituary clippings for Appleton; and newspaper clippings about 54th Massachusetts and USCTs, Fort Wagner, Florida battles, Charleston siege, and the death of Colonel Robert Gould Shaw.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs include a card mounted photo of Fort Warren, Boston, Massachusetts, ca. 1863, and a photo of Major John W.M. Appleton in 1864.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso includes two oversize commissions, for quartermaster general and adjutant general.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 5. Business Papers, box 5a-5b.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBusiness papers contain a ledger from Oriental Powder Mills(box 5a). Appleton was an agent of the Oriental Powder Mill, located in Boston, MA, and Charleston, WV. The ledger includes correspondence and records concerning the mill and business transactions, mostly concerning the buying and selling of powder, during the 1870s. This series also includes another ledger containing Trustees Report on Estates of Dr. John Appleton (alternately known as Record Book of Dr. John Appleton of Cambridge, MA kept by his son, John W.M. Appleton, 1875-1912) (box 5b).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eIndex to loose and attached items in the memoir (Series 3, box 3a):\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 0; carte de visite photo, Private John Appleton, 1862\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 3; 3 carte de visite photos, Mrs. Appleton, Captain J.M. Appleton, N.P. Hallowell\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 7; 3 letters \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 9; 2 carte de visite photos, Colonel Robert G. Shaw, Surgeon Lincoln R. Stone\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 30; clipping\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 43; clipping (loose), illustration of defenses of Charleston\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 49; carte de visite photo, Captain Russell\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e \nPage 51; 2 carte de visite photos, Captain Sam Willard (Mann), Captain Simpkins\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 53; tintype photo of USCT soldier (contains information on back, but difficult to read due to attachment to memoir book)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 55; clipping; 2 carte de visite photos, Adjutant G.W. James, structure\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 57; clipping; carte de visite photo, Colonel Robert G. Shaw\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 59; 2 clippings (fragile)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 61; sketch; carte de visite photo, Captain George Pope\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 63; 2 carte de visite photos, Captain Edward N. Jones, Lieutenant Edward B. Emerson\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 65; clipping\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 69; photo of hospital; carte de visite photo, Captain Luis Emilio\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 72; carte de visite photo, William Hallowell; map\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 73; 3 carte de visite photos, Sergeant Carney with flag, Drummer Henry Munroe, Drummer Miles Moore\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 74-79; clippings\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 81; clipping about Colonel Robert G. Shaw (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 83; carte de visite photo, Appleton Sturgis\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 87; 3 clippings (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 89; clipping\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 91; clipping; typescript listing of food rations\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 95; clipping\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 103; clipping\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 104; stereoview photo, Ruins of Cathedral Broad Street\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 105; 2 carte de visite photos, John Ritchie, C.A. Brigham\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 111; carte de visite photo, [William] Willie Homans; clipping of tent\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 113; carte de visite photo, Charles G. Chipman\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 127; clipping of song lyrics about colored troops\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 135; sketch of bomb proof\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 143; carte de visite photo, Willard Howard\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 144; carte de visite photo, Giles M. Pease\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 147; sketch of 54th Massachusetts regimental flag; carte de visite photo, E.N. Hallowell\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 149; typescript (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 159; Civil War era note; tintype photo, possibly of R.H.L. Jewett\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 161; photo of Jacksonville, Florida during Civil War\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 179; carte de visite photo of unidentified officer\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 181; carte de visite photo, Henry W. Litchfield\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 183; photo of signal tower in Jacksonville, Florida\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 187; typescript of Olustee, Florida battle casualties (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 219; sketch of 54th Massachusetts camp at Morris Island, 1864\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 223; typescript of General Order; carte de visite photo, Robert Newell\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 225; carte de visite photo, Fort Sumter; Swamp Angel (camp newspaper, May 19, 1864 issue); manuscript note (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 227; carte de visite photo, Charles E. Tucker; manuscript note (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 228; carte de visite photo, Captain Homans; manuscript note (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 231; Swamp Angel (camp newspaper, May 26, 1864 issue)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 232; stereoview photo, interior of Fort Sumter\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 235; carte de visite photo, W.W. Bridge\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 237; photo of cannon and crew\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 239; clipping about Charles L. Chandler death\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 243; carte de visite photo, Tom Appleton\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 253; 3 carte de visite photos, Major John Appleton (2 of the photos are loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 257; carte de visite photo, Lieutenant Fred Webster\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 261; carte de visite photo, Charles E. Briggs [Brigges] (loose)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 265; 2 carte de visite photos, Lieutenant Rogers, Charles Hallett; photo of Port Royal House in Hilton Head, SC\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 267; clipping\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 269; typescript, Senate Bill granting medals to 54th Massachusetts members\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 274-280; clippings\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 281; typescript of letter written by Mary R. Appleton about USCT\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 282; clipping\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 284; typescript, Senate Bill granting medals to 54th Massachusetts members\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 285; General Order No. 50 for raising flag over Fort Sumter in 1865\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPage 286-end; clippings about 54th Massachusetts soldiers, casualties and death during the Civil War\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNo Page No.; letter from George Pope (Oct. 17, 1896)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNo Page No.; clippings about the Battle of Olustee (1912)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNo Page No.; clipping - \"The Civil War Fifty Years Ago\" (1913)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nNo Page No.; Report of Frank Fletcher, showing condition of company after Wagner\u003c/p\u003e"]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2421"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6907","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6907#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePapers of Katherine G. Johnson. Includes assorted artifacts, family photographs, awards, honorary degrees, correspondence, and other material regarding the career and life of Katherine G. Johnson. The bulk of the collection is focused on material relating to the release of the 2016 film \u003cspan\u003eHidden Figures\u003c/span\u003e while other material details Katherine Johnson's early life and her family history. Such material includes news clippings, magazine articles, and fan mail to Katherine G. 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Johnson, Mathematician, Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1800-2024","2016-2021"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["2016-2021"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1800-2024"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 4536","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6907"],"text":["A\u0026M 4536","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6907","Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers","Women -- United States -- History","African Americans ","Mathematics","No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.","Katherine Goble Johnson was born in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia on August 26, 1918. Born Creola Katherine Coleman to parents Joylette Roberta and Joshua McKinley Coleman, she was the youngest of four children. Excelling at mathematics from an early age, Katherine and her family moved to Institute, West Virginia in order for Katherine to attend high school on the campus of West Virginia State University (WVSU). Graduating from high school at the age of 14, Johnson immediately enrolled at WVSU to pursue higher education. At the age of 18 she graduated summa cum laude in 1937 with a double major in mathematics and French. Finding few opportunities for an African-American teenage mathematician she eventually took a job as a schoolteacher in Marion, Virginia.","After marrying her first husband, James Goble, in 1939 Katherine was selected by the president of WVSU to be one of three African Americans to integrate West Virginia University (WVU) following Governor Homer Holt's decision to desegregate public graduate schools in West Virginia. Becoming the first African-American woman to be accepted into WVU's graduate program, Johnson withdrew from classes after discovering she was pregnant, settling into motherhood and her career as a teacher over the next decade.","In 1952, after hearing from a relative about jobs working with the all-black West Area computing section at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Langley laboratory under the instruction of fellow West Virginian Dorothy Vaughan, Katherine and James moved to Newport News, Virginia and Johnson began working at Langley in the summer of 1953. First assigned to a project in the Maneuver Loads Branch of the Flight Research Division, her temporary position quickly turned permanent.","Johnson helped provide some of the math for the 1958 document Notes on Space Technology . As NACA transformed in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Johnson continued to provide groundbreaking work including trajectory analysis for the 1961 Freedom 7 mission with Alan Shepard, America's first human spaceflight. Her and engineer Ted Skopinski's Determination of Azimuth Angle at Burnout for Placing a Satellite Over a Selected Earth Position was the first time a woman in the Flight Research Division received credit as an author of a research report. ","Over the course of her career with NASA Johnson assisted with a variety of pioneering space flight missions. She verified the flight plan of John Glenn prior to his historic orbit of the Earth in 1961, in 1969 she was part of the team that calculated where and when to launch the rocket for the Apollo 11 mission that sent the first humans to the Moon, as well as working on the space shuttle program, and authoring/coauthoring 26 research reports. Katherine Johnson retired from NASA in 1986 after 33 years at the Langley facility.","Over the years Johnson received numerous awards and recognitions for her contributions to space flight. In 2015, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama, the highest civilian award in the United States. In 2016, NASA named the Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility after her. Also in 2016, Margot Lee Shetterly published Hidden Figures: The American Dream and The Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race , a book about the West Area computers, including Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson. A film based on the book and having the same title was released that same year with the movie being nominated for Best Picture at the 89th Academy Awards.","Katherine Johnson passed away on February 24, 2020 at the age of 101 at a retirement home in Newport News, Virginia. She was preceded in death by her second husband Jim Johnson in 2019, whom she married in 1959 after the death of her first husband in 1956. A memoir, My Remarkable Journey , co-written by Johnson and her daughters, Joylette Hylick and Katherine Moore, was published posthumously in 2021.","Papers of Katherine G. Johnson. Includes assorted artifacts, family photographs, awards, honorary degrees, correspondence, and other material regarding the career and life of Katherine G. Johnson. The bulk of the collection is focused on material relating to the release of the 2016 film Hidden Figures while other material details Katherine Johnson's early life and her family history. Such material includes news clippings, magazine articles, and fan mail to Katherine G. Johnson.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. Copyright for photographs of Katherine Johnson for Vanity Fair magazine is not owned by the West Virginia and Regional History Center. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","English \n. 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Moore, 2021-2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- United States -- History","African Americans ","Mathematics"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- United States -- History","African Americans ","Mathematics"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["11.89 Linear Feet 7 record cartons, 15 in. each; 1 flat storage box, 4 in.; 1 flat storage box, 3.5 in.; 7 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 2 flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each; 1 roll tube box, 4 in.; 3 unboxed items, 2.25 in. total","4.8 Gigabytes 448 files, formats include .jpg, .gif, .png, .pdf, .mp3, .ppt, .iso, .cue, .md5"],"extent_tesim":["11.89 Linear Feet 7 record cartons, 15 in. each; 1 flat storage box, 4 in.; 1 flat storage box, 3.5 in.; 7 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 2 flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each; 1 roll tube box, 4 in.; 3 unboxed items, 2.25 in. total","4.8 Gigabytes 448 files, formats include .jpg, .gif, .png, .pdf, .mp3, .ppt, .iso, .cue, .md5"],"date_range_isim":[1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKatherine Goble Johnson was born in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia on August 26, 1918. Born Creola Katherine Coleman to parents Joylette Roberta and Joshua McKinley Coleman, she was the youngest of four children. Excelling at mathematics from an early age, Katherine and her family moved to Institute, West Virginia in order for Katherine to attend high school on the campus of West Virginia State University (WVSU). Graduating from high school at the age of 14, Johnson immediately enrolled at WVSU to pursue higher education. At the age of 18 she graduated \u003cemph\u003esumma cum laude\u003c/emph\u003e in 1937 with a double major in mathematics and French. Finding few opportunities for an African-American teenage mathematician she eventually took a job as a schoolteacher in Marion, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter marrying her first husband, James Goble, in 1939 Katherine was selected by the president of WVSU to be one of three African Americans to integrate West Virginia University (WVU) following Governor Homer Holt's decision to desegregate public graduate schools in West Virginia. Becoming the first African-American woman to be accepted into WVU's graduate program, Johnson withdrew from classes after discovering she was pregnant, settling into motherhood and her career as a teacher over the next decade.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1952, after hearing from a relative about jobs working with the all-black West Area computing section at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Langley laboratory under the instruction of fellow West Virginian Dorothy Vaughan, Katherine and James moved to Newport News, Virginia and Johnson began working at Langley in the summer of 1953. First assigned to a project in the Maneuver Loads Branch of the Flight Research Division, her temporary position quickly turned permanent.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohnson helped provide some of the math for the 1958 document \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eNotes on Space Technology\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e. As NACA transformed in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Johnson continued to provide groundbreaking work including trajectory analysis for the 1961 Freedom 7 mission with Alan Shepard, America's first human spaceflight. Her and engineer Ted Skopinski's \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eDetermination of Azimuth Angle at Burnout for Placing a Satellite Over a Selected Earth Position\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e was the first time a woman in the Flight Research Division received credit as an author of a research report. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOver the course of her career with NASA Johnson assisted with a variety of pioneering space flight missions. She verified the flight plan of John Glenn prior to his historic orbit of the Earth in 1961, in 1969 she was part of the team that calculated where and when to launch the rocket for the Apollo 11 mission that sent the first humans to the Moon, as well as working on the space shuttle program, and authoring/coauthoring 26 research reports. Katherine Johnson retired from NASA in 1986 after 33 years at the Langley facility.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOver the years Johnson received numerous awards and recognitions for her contributions to space flight. In 2015, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama, the highest civilian award in the United States. In 2016, NASA named the Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility after her. Also in 2016, Margot Lee Shetterly published \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eHidden Figures: The American Dream and The Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e, a book about the West Area computers, including Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson. A film based on the book and having the same title was released that same year with the movie being nominated for Best Picture at the 89th Academy Awards.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eKatherine Johnson passed away on February 24, 2020 at the age of 101 at a retirement home in Newport News, Virginia. She was preceded in death by her second husband Jim Johnson in 2019, whom she married in 1959 after the death of her first husband in 1956. A memoir, \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eMy Remarkable Journey\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e, co-written by Johnson and her daughters, Joylette Hylick and Katherine Moore, was published posthumously in 2021.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Katherine Goble Johnson was born in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia on August 26, 1918. Born Creola Katherine Coleman to parents Joylette Roberta and Joshua McKinley Coleman, she was the youngest of four children. Excelling at mathematics from an early age, Katherine and her family moved to Institute, West Virginia in order for Katherine to attend high school on the campus of West Virginia State University (WVSU). Graduating from high school at the age of 14, Johnson immediately enrolled at WVSU to pursue higher education. At the age of 18 she graduated summa cum laude in 1937 with a double major in mathematics and French. Finding few opportunities for an African-American teenage mathematician she eventually took a job as a schoolteacher in Marion, Virginia.","After marrying her first husband, James Goble, in 1939 Katherine was selected by the president of WVSU to be one of three African Americans to integrate West Virginia University (WVU) following Governor Homer Holt's decision to desegregate public graduate schools in West Virginia. Becoming the first African-American woman to be accepted into WVU's graduate program, Johnson withdrew from classes after discovering she was pregnant, settling into motherhood and her career as a teacher over the next decade.","In 1952, after hearing from a relative about jobs working with the all-black West Area computing section at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Langley laboratory under the instruction of fellow West Virginian Dorothy Vaughan, Katherine and James moved to Newport News, Virginia and Johnson began working at Langley in the summer of 1953. First assigned to a project in the Maneuver Loads Branch of the Flight Research Division, her temporary position quickly turned permanent.","Johnson helped provide some of the math for the 1958 document Notes on Space Technology . As NACA transformed in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Johnson continued to provide groundbreaking work including trajectory analysis for the 1961 Freedom 7 mission with Alan Shepard, America's first human spaceflight. Her and engineer Ted Skopinski's Determination of Azimuth Angle at Burnout for Placing a Satellite Over a Selected Earth Position was the first time a woman in the Flight Research Division received credit as an author of a research report. ","Over the course of her career with NASA Johnson assisted with a variety of pioneering space flight missions. She verified the flight plan of John Glenn prior to his historic orbit of the Earth in 1961, in 1969 she was part of the team that calculated where and when to launch the rocket for the Apollo 11 mission that sent the first humans to the Moon, as well as working on the space shuttle program, and authoring/coauthoring 26 research reports. Katherine Johnson retired from NASA in 1986 after 33 years at the Langley facility.","Over the years Johnson received numerous awards and recognitions for her contributions to space flight. In 2015, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama, the highest civilian award in the United States. In 2016, NASA named the Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility after her. Also in 2016, Margot Lee Shetterly published Hidden Figures: The American Dream and The Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race , a book about the West Area computers, including Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson. A film based on the book and having the same title was released that same year with the movie being nominated for Best Picture at the 89th Academy Awards.","Katherine Johnson passed away on February 24, 2020 at the age of 101 at a retirement home in Newport News, Virginia. She was preceded in death by her second husband Jim Johnson in 2019, whom she married in 1959 after the death of her first husband in 1956. A memoir, My Remarkable Journey , co-written by Johnson and her daughters, Joylette Hylick and Katherine Moore, was published posthumously in 2021."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers, A\u0026amp;M 4536, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers, A\u0026M 4536, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Katherine G. Johnson. Includes assorted artifacts, family photographs, awards, honorary degrees, correspondence, and other material regarding the career and life of Katherine G. Johnson. The bulk of the collection is focused on material relating to the release of the 2016 film \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eHidden Figures\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e while other material details Katherine Johnson's early life and her family history. Such material includes news clippings, magazine articles, and fan mail to Katherine G. Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of Katherine G. Johnson. Includes assorted artifacts, family photographs, awards, honorary degrees, correspondence, and other material regarding the career and life of Katherine G. Johnson. The bulk of the collection is focused on material relating to the release of the 2016 film Hidden Figures while other material details Katherine Johnson's early life and her family history. Such material includes news clippings, magazine articles, and fan mail to Katherine G. Johnson."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. Copyright for photographs of Katherine Johnson for Vanity Fair magazine is not owned by the West Virginia and Regional History Center. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. Copyright for photographs of Katherine Johnson for Vanity Fair magazine is not owned by the West Virginia and Regional History Center. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_8e0ff43f3887e0be43707b95c6c03073\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"language_ssim":["English \n. 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Johnson, Mathematician, Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1800-2024","2016-2021"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["2016-2021"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1800-2024"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 4536","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6907"],"text":["A\u0026M 4536","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6907","Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers","Women -- United States -- History","African Americans ","Mathematics","No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.","Katherine Goble Johnson was born in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia on August 26, 1918. Born Creola Katherine Coleman to parents Joylette Roberta and Joshua McKinley Coleman, she was the youngest of four children. Excelling at mathematics from an early age, Katherine and her family moved to Institute, West Virginia in order for Katherine to attend high school on the campus of West Virginia State University (WVSU). Graduating from high school at the age of 14, Johnson immediately enrolled at WVSU to pursue higher education. At the age of 18 she graduated summa cum laude in 1937 with a double major in mathematics and French. Finding few opportunities for an African-American teenage mathematician she eventually took a job as a schoolteacher in Marion, Virginia.","After marrying her first husband, James Goble, in 1939 Katherine was selected by the president of WVSU to be one of three African Americans to integrate West Virginia University (WVU) following Governor Homer Holt's decision to desegregate public graduate schools in West Virginia. Becoming the first African-American woman to be accepted into WVU's graduate program, Johnson withdrew from classes after discovering she was pregnant, settling into motherhood and her career as a teacher over the next decade.","In 1952, after hearing from a relative about jobs working with the all-black West Area computing section at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Langley laboratory under the instruction of fellow West Virginian Dorothy Vaughan, Katherine and James moved to Newport News, Virginia and Johnson began working at Langley in the summer of 1953. First assigned to a project in the Maneuver Loads Branch of the Flight Research Division, her temporary position quickly turned permanent.","Johnson helped provide some of the math for the 1958 document Notes on Space Technology . As NACA transformed in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Johnson continued to provide groundbreaking work including trajectory analysis for the 1961 Freedom 7 mission with Alan Shepard, America's first human spaceflight. Her and engineer Ted Skopinski's Determination of Azimuth Angle at Burnout for Placing a Satellite Over a Selected Earth Position was the first time a woman in the Flight Research Division received credit as an author of a research report. ","Over the course of her career with NASA Johnson assisted with a variety of pioneering space flight missions. She verified the flight plan of John Glenn prior to his historic orbit of the Earth in 1961, in 1969 she was part of the team that calculated where and when to launch the rocket for the Apollo 11 mission that sent the first humans to the Moon, as well as working on the space shuttle program, and authoring/coauthoring 26 research reports. Katherine Johnson retired from NASA in 1986 after 33 years at the Langley facility.","Over the years Johnson received numerous awards and recognitions for her contributions to space flight. In 2015, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama, the highest civilian award in the United States. In 2016, NASA named the Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility after her. Also in 2016, Margot Lee Shetterly published Hidden Figures: The American Dream and The Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race , a book about the West Area computers, including Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson. A film based on the book and having the same title was released that same year with the movie being nominated for Best Picture at the 89th Academy Awards.","Katherine Johnson passed away on February 24, 2020 at the age of 101 at a retirement home in Newport News, Virginia. She was preceded in death by her second husband Jim Johnson in 2019, whom she married in 1959 after the death of her first husband in 1956. A memoir, My Remarkable Journey , co-written by Johnson and her daughters, Joylette Hylick and Katherine Moore, was published posthumously in 2021.","Papers of Katherine G. Johnson. Includes assorted artifacts, family photographs, awards, honorary degrees, correspondence, and other material regarding the career and life of Katherine G. Johnson. The bulk of the collection is focused on material relating to the release of the 2016 film Hidden Figures while other material details Katherine Johnson's early life and her family history. Such material includes news clippings, magazine articles, and fan mail to Katherine G. Johnson.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. Copyright for photographs of Katherine Johnson for Vanity Fair magazine is not owned by the West Virginia and Regional History Center. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","English \n. "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 4536","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6907"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. Copyright for photographs of Katherine Johnson for Vanity Fair magazine is not owned by the West Virginia and Regional History Center. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Joylette G. Hylick and Katherine G. Moore, 2021-2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- United States -- History","African Americans ","Mathematics"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- United States -- History","African Americans ","Mathematics"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["11.89 Linear Feet 7 record cartons, 15 in. each; 1 flat storage box, 4 in.; 1 flat storage box, 3.5 in.; 7 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 2 flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each; 1 roll tube box, 4 in.; 3 unboxed items, 2.25 in. total","4.8 Gigabytes 448 files, formats include .jpg, .gif, .png, .pdf, .mp3, .ppt, .iso, .cue, .md5"],"extent_tesim":["11.89 Linear Feet 7 record cartons, 15 in. each; 1 flat storage box, 4 in.; 1 flat storage box, 3.5 in.; 7 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 2 flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each; 1 roll tube box, 4 in.; 3 unboxed items, 2.25 in. total","4.8 Gigabytes 448 files, formats include .jpg, .gif, .png, .pdf, .mp3, .ppt, .iso, .cue, .md5"],"date_range_isim":[1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKatherine Goble Johnson was born in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia on August 26, 1918. Born Creola Katherine Coleman to parents Joylette Roberta and Joshua McKinley Coleman, she was the youngest of four children. Excelling at mathematics from an early age, Katherine and her family moved to Institute, West Virginia in order for Katherine to attend high school on the campus of West Virginia State University (WVSU). Graduating from high school at the age of 14, Johnson immediately enrolled at WVSU to pursue higher education. At the age of 18 she graduated \u003cemph\u003esumma cum laude\u003c/emph\u003e in 1937 with a double major in mathematics and French. Finding few opportunities for an African-American teenage mathematician she eventually took a job as a schoolteacher in Marion, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter marrying her first husband, James Goble, in 1939 Katherine was selected by the president of WVSU to be one of three African Americans to integrate West Virginia University (WVU) following Governor Homer Holt's decision to desegregate public graduate schools in West Virginia. Becoming the first African-American woman to be accepted into WVU's graduate program, Johnson withdrew from classes after discovering she was pregnant, settling into motherhood and her career as a teacher over the next decade.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1952, after hearing from a relative about jobs working with the all-black West Area computing section at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Langley laboratory under the instruction of fellow West Virginian Dorothy Vaughan, Katherine and James moved to Newport News, Virginia and Johnson began working at Langley in the summer of 1953. First assigned to a project in the Maneuver Loads Branch of the Flight Research Division, her temporary position quickly turned permanent.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohnson helped provide some of the math for the 1958 document \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eNotes on Space Technology\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e. As NACA transformed in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Johnson continued to provide groundbreaking work including trajectory analysis for the 1961 Freedom 7 mission with Alan Shepard, America's first human spaceflight. Her and engineer Ted Skopinski's \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eDetermination of Azimuth Angle at Burnout for Placing a Satellite Over a Selected Earth Position\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e was the first time a woman in the Flight Research Division received credit as an author of a research report. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOver the course of her career with NASA Johnson assisted with a variety of pioneering space flight missions. She verified the flight plan of John Glenn prior to his historic orbit of the Earth in 1961, in 1969 she was part of the team that calculated where and when to launch the rocket for the Apollo 11 mission that sent the first humans to the Moon, as well as working on the space shuttle program, and authoring/coauthoring 26 research reports. Katherine Johnson retired from NASA in 1986 after 33 years at the Langley facility.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOver the years Johnson received numerous awards and recognitions for her contributions to space flight. In 2015, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama, the highest civilian award in the United States. In 2016, NASA named the Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility after her. Also in 2016, Margot Lee Shetterly published \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eHidden Figures: The American Dream and The Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e, a book about the West Area computers, including Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson. A film based on the book and having the same title was released that same year with the movie being nominated for Best Picture at the 89th Academy Awards.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eKatherine Johnson passed away on February 24, 2020 at the age of 101 at a retirement home in Newport News, Virginia. She was preceded in death by her second husband Jim Johnson in 2019, whom she married in 1959 after the death of her first husband in 1956. A memoir, \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eMy Remarkable Journey\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e, co-written by Johnson and her daughters, Joylette Hylick and Katherine Moore, was published posthumously in 2021.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Katherine Goble Johnson was born in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia on August 26, 1918. Born Creola Katherine Coleman to parents Joylette Roberta and Joshua McKinley Coleman, she was the youngest of four children. Excelling at mathematics from an early age, Katherine and her family moved to Institute, West Virginia in order for Katherine to attend high school on the campus of West Virginia State University (WVSU). Graduating from high school at the age of 14, Johnson immediately enrolled at WVSU to pursue higher education. At the age of 18 she graduated summa cum laude in 1937 with a double major in mathematics and French. Finding few opportunities for an African-American teenage mathematician she eventually took a job as a schoolteacher in Marion, Virginia.","After marrying her first husband, James Goble, in 1939 Katherine was selected by the president of WVSU to be one of three African Americans to integrate West Virginia University (WVU) following Governor Homer Holt's decision to desegregate public graduate schools in West Virginia. Becoming the first African-American woman to be accepted into WVU's graduate program, Johnson withdrew from classes after discovering she was pregnant, settling into motherhood and her career as a teacher over the next decade.","In 1952, after hearing from a relative about jobs working with the all-black West Area computing section at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Langley laboratory under the instruction of fellow West Virginian Dorothy Vaughan, Katherine and James moved to Newport News, Virginia and Johnson began working at Langley in the summer of 1953. First assigned to a project in the Maneuver Loads Branch of the Flight Research Division, her temporary position quickly turned permanent.","Johnson helped provide some of the math for the 1958 document Notes on Space Technology . As NACA transformed in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Johnson continued to provide groundbreaking work including trajectory analysis for the 1961 Freedom 7 mission with Alan Shepard, America's first human spaceflight. Her and engineer Ted Skopinski's Determination of Azimuth Angle at Burnout for Placing a Satellite Over a Selected Earth Position was the first time a woman in the Flight Research Division received credit as an author of a research report. ","Over the course of her career with NASA Johnson assisted with a variety of pioneering space flight missions. She verified the flight plan of John Glenn prior to his historic orbit of the Earth in 1961, in 1969 she was part of the team that calculated where and when to launch the rocket for the Apollo 11 mission that sent the first humans to the Moon, as well as working on the space shuttle program, and authoring/coauthoring 26 research reports. Katherine Johnson retired from NASA in 1986 after 33 years at the Langley facility.","Over the years Johnson received numerous awards and recognitions for her contributions to space flight. In 2015, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama, the highest civilian award in the United States. In 2016, NASA named the Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility after her. Also in 2016, Margot Lee Shetterly published Hidden Figures: The American Dream and The Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race , a book about the West Area computers, including Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson. A film based on the book and having the same title was released that same year with the movie being nominated for Best Picture at the 89th Academy Awards.","Katherine Johnson passed away on February 24, 2020 at the age of 101 at a retirement home in Newport News, Virginia. She was preceded in death by her second husband Jim Johnson in 2019, whom she married in 1959 after the death of her first husband in 1956. A memoir, My Remarkable Journey , co-written by Johnson and her daughters, Joylette Hylick and Katherine Moore, was published posthumously in 2021."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers, A\u0026amp;M 4536, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers, A\u0026M 4536, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Katherine G. Johnson. Includes assorted artifacts, family photographs, awards, honorary degrees, correspondence, and other material regarding the career and life of Katherine G. Johnson. The bulk of the collection is focused on material relating to the release of the 2016 film \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eHidden Figures\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e while other material details Katherine Johnson's early life and her family history. Such material includes news clippings, magazine articles, and fan mail to Katherine G. Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of Katherine G. Johnson. Includes assorted artifacts, family photographs, awards, honorary degrees, correspondence, and other material regarding the career and life of Katherine G. Johnson. The bulk of the collection is focused on material relating to the release of the 2016 film Hidden Figures while other material details Katherine Johnson's early life and her family history. Such material includes news clippings, magazine articles, and fan mail to Katherine G. Johnson."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. Copyright for photographs of Katherine Johnson for Vanity Fair magazine is not owned by the West Virginia and Regional History Center. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. Copyright for photographs of Katherine Johnson for Vanity Fair magazine is not owned by the West Virginia and Regional History Center. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_8e0ff43f3887e0be43707b95c6c03073\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"language_ssim":["English \n. 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