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Gossip about friends from home is included in almost every letter."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Hecht, Herman","Kaemmerle, Marilyn"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Kaemmerle, Marilyn"],"persname_ssim":["Hecht, Herman","Kaemmerle, Marilyn"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":8,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:03:57.965Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9172","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9172","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9172","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9172","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9172.xml","title_ssm":["Herman Recht Papers"],"title_tesim":["Herman Recht Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1943-1946"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1943-1946"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 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Gossip about friends from home is included in almost every letter."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Hecht, Herman","Kaemmerle, Marilyn"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Kaemmerle, Marilyn"],"persname_ssim":["Hecht, Herman","Kaemmerle, Marilyn"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":8,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:03:57.965Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9172"}},{"id":"viw_viw00172","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Herman Recht Papers\t 1943-1946","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_viw00172#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Herman Recht, 1908-1971 \narrangement\n\t","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_viw00172#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection is comprised of more than 700 letters written by Herman Recht (1908-1971), a Navy yeoman, from Camp Peary (U. 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Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003ca href=\"http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Herman Recht\"\u003ehttp://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Herman Recht\u003c/a\u003e."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is comprised of more than 700 letters written by Herman Recht (1908-1971), a Navy yeoman, from Camp Peary (U. S. Naval Construction Training Center), near Williamsburg, Virginia, between October, 1943 to February 1946 to his wife, Esther, in Clairton, Pennsylvania. There are no letters from Esther because, as he wrote to her, saving them would make him homesick.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecht had been a lawyer for eight and a half years before joining the Navy. He was very well read, and regularly came into Williamsburg to dine at the Williamsburg Lodge and borrow books from and read magazines in the William and Mary library where his interests ran from public affairs to the latest fiction. He often inquires about activities in the Jewish community in Clairton, and is a strong advocate for racial minorities. He is very knowledgeable about classical music. He regularly reads the Pittsburgh Press and inquires about friends and family in Clairton and Pittsburgh.  Gossip about friends from home is included in almost every letter.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is comprised of more than 700 letters written by Herman Recht (1908-1971), a Navy yeoman, from Camp Peary (U. S. Naval Construction Training Center), near Williamsburg, Virginia, between October, 1943 to February 1946 to his wife, Esther, in Clairton, Pennsylvania. There are no letters from Esther because, as he wrote to her, saving them would make him homesick.\n","Recht had been a lawyer for eight and a half years before joining the Navy. He was very well read, and regularly came into Williamsburg to dine at the Williamsburg Lodge and borrow books from and read magazines in the William and Mary library where his interests ran from public affairs to the latest fiction. He often inquires about activities in the Jewish community in Clairton, and is a strong advocate for racial minorities. He is very knowledgeable about classical music. He regularly reads the Pittsburgh Press and inquires about friends and family in Clairton and Pittsburgh.  Gossip about friends from home is included in almost every letter."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract encodinganalog=\"520$a\" label=\"Abstract:\"\u003eThis collection is comprised of more than 700 letters written by Herman Recht (1908-1971), a Navy yeoman, from Camp Peary (U. S. Naval Construction Training Center), near Williamsburg, Virginia, between October, 1943 to February 1946 to his wife, Esther, in Clairton, Pennsylvania. There are no letters from Esther because, as he wrote to her, saving them would make him homesick.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection is comprised of more than 700 letters written by Herman Recht (1908-1971), a Navy yeoman, from Camp Peary (U. S. Naval Construction Training Center), near Williamsburg, Virginia, between October, 1943 to February 1946 to his wife, Esther, in Clairton, Pennsylvania. There are no letters from Esther because, as he wrote to her, saving them would make him homesick.\n"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary","Herman Recht, 1908-1971"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary"],"famname_ssim":["Herman Recht, 1908-1971"],"language_ssim":["\n\t  The papers are in:\n English"],"total_component_count_is":90,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:23:23.714Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_viw00172"}},{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_596_c13","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Isaac Edmondson family","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_596_c13#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_596_c13","ref_ssm":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_596_c13"],"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_596_c13","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_596","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_596","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_596","parent_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_596","parent_ssim":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_596"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_596"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Martha Spencer Historical Research Collection"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Martha Spencer Historical Research Collection"],"text":["Martha Spencer Historical Research Collection","Isaac Edmondson family","African Americans","Box 1","folder 13"],"title_filing_ssi":"Isaac Edmondson family","title_ssm":["Isaac Edmondson family"],"title_tesim":["Isaac Edmondson family"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Isaac Edmondson family"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"collection_ssim":["Martha Spencer Historical Research Collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":13,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research use."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans"],"containers_ssim":["Box 1","folder 13"],"_nest_path_":"/components#12","timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:50:55.460Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_596","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_596","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_596","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_596","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_596.xml","title_ssm":["Martha Spencer Historical Research Collection"],"title_tesim":["Martha Spencer Historical Research Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1812-1975"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1812-1975"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.0513","/repositories/5/resources/596"],"text":["WLU.Coll.0513","/repositories/5/resources/596","Martha Spencer Historical Research Collection","Research","The collection is open for research use.","Related to RHS COLL 0095 Martha Spencer research papers.","Located Shelf 07-01-08.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Spencer, Martha","The collection is in English."],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.Coll.0513","/repositories/5/resources/596"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Martha Spencer Historical Research Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Martha Spencer Historical Research Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Martha Spencer Historical Research Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"creator_ssm":["Spencer, Martha"],"creator_ssim":["Spencer, Martha"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Spencer, Martha"],"creators_ssim":["Spencer, Martha"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Research"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Research"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".75 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":[".75 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRelated to RHS COLL 0095 Martha Spencer research papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLocated Shelf 07-01-08.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General","General"],"odd_tesim":["Related to RHS COLL 0095 Martha Spencer research papers.","Located Shelf 07-01-08."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePreferred citation: [Identification of item], Martha Spencer Historical Research Collection, WLU Coll. 0513, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA\u003cp\u003eIn some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Preferred citation: [Identification of item], Martha Spencer Historical Research Collection, WLU Coll. 0513, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA In some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Spencer, Martha"],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Spencer, Martha"],"language_ssim":["The collection is in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":64,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:50:55.460Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_596_c13"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2231","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"James City County and City of Williamsburg Personal Property Tax Books","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2231#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection is composed of 69 Property Tax Books and 3 Land Tax Books for James City County, Virginia, 1866-1948, and 42 Property Tax Books and 2 Land Tax Books for Williamsburg, Virginia, 1865-1927.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2231#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2231","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2231","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2231","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2231","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_2231.xml","title_filing_ssi":"James City County and City of Williamsburg Personal Personal Property Tax Books","title_ssm":["James City County and City of Williamsburg Personal Property Tax Books"],"title_tesim":["James City County and City of Williamsburg Personal Property Tax Books"],"unitdate_ssm":["1865-1949"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1865-1949"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 68 J23","/repositories/2/resources/2231"],"text":["Mss. 68 J23","/repositories/2/resources/2231","James City County and City of Williamsburg Personal Property Tax Books","Jamestown (Va.)--History--19th century","Jamestown (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","James City County (Va.)--History--20th century","African Americans","African Americans--Virginia--James City County","African Americans--Virginia--James City County--History","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--History","Property tax","Real property tax","James City County (Va.)--History--19th century","Account books","115 volumes","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Divided into James City County and Williamsburg, then chronological order by year.","Records are also available via microfilm at the Williamsburg-James City County Court House.","This collection is composed of 69 Property Tax Books and 3 Land Tax Books for James City County, Virginia, 1866-1948, and 42 Property Tax Books and 2 Land Tax Books for Williamsburg, Virginia, 1865-1927.","Most years contain two sections within one book:  one section for \"White\" property owners and one section for \"Colored\" property owners.  Many of the James City County records have separate books or are divided into Powhatan, Jamestown and Stone House districts.  For the years 1871 to 1875, records are not available for the county as a whole, but rather by the townships listed. Some years have more than one copy, usually the original book, and the corrected version.","Many of the books have crumbling covers and edges, but remain intact.  Most are folded with one or two folds and have been left that way to preserve the crumbling paper.","Missing years: James City County:  1915, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1930 and 1937; Williamsburg:  1892 to 1901, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1916, 1918 and 1920.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 68 J23","/repositories/2/resources/2231"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James City County and City of Williamsburg Personal Property Tax Books"],"collection_title_tesim":["James City County and City of Williamsburg Personal Property Tax Books"],"collection_ssim":["James City County and City of Williamsburg Personal Property Tax Books"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Jamestown (Va.)--History--19th century","Jamestown (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","James City County (Va.)--History--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Jamestown (Va.)--History--19th century","Jamestown (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","James City County (Va.)--History--20th century"],"places_ssim":["Jamestown (Va.)--History--19th century","Jamestown (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","James City County (Va.)--History--20th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans","African Americans--Virginia--James City County","African Americans--Virginia--James City County--History","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--History","Property tax","Real property tax","James City County (Va.)--History--19th century","Account books"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans","African Americans--Virginia--James City County","African Americans--Virginia--James City County--History","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--History","Property tax","Real property tax","James City County (Va.)--History--19th century","Account books"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["115 volumes"],"extent_ssm":["11.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["11.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Account books"],"date_range_isim":[1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDivided into James City County and Williamsburg, then chronological order by year.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["Divided into James City County and Williamsburg, then chronological order by year."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames City County and Williamsburg City Personal Property Books, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["James City County and Williamsburg City Personal Property Books, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords are also available via microfilm at the Williamsburg-James City County Court House.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Records are also available via microfilm at the Williamsburg-James City County Court House."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is composed of 69 Property Tax Books and 3 Land Tax Books for James City County, Virginia, 1866-1948, and 42 Property Tax Books and 2 Land Tax Books for Williamsburg, Virginia, 1865-1927.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMost years contain two sections within one book:  one section for \"White\" property owners and one section for \"Colored\" property owners.  Many of the James City County records have separate books or are divided into Powhatan, Jamestown and Stone House districts.  For the years 1871 to 1875, records are not available for the county as a whole, but rather by the townships listed. Some years have more than one copy, usually the original book, and the corrected version.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMany of the books have crumbling covers and edges, but remain intact.  Most are folded with one or two folds and have been left that way to preserve the crumbling paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMissing years: James City County:  1915, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1930 and 1937; Williamsburg:  1892 to 1901, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1916, 1918 and 1920.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is composed of 69 Property Tax Books and 3 Land Tax Books for James City County, Virginia, 1866-1948, and 42 Property Tax Books and 2 Land Tax Books for Williamsburg, Virginia, 1865-1927.","Most years contain two sections within one book:  one section for \"White\" property owners and one section for \"Colored\" property owners.  Many of the James City County records have separate books or are divided into Powhatan, Jamestown and Stone House districts.  For the years 1871 to 1875, records are not available for the county as a whole, but rather by the townships listed. Some years have more than one copy, usually the original book, and the corrected version.","Many of the books have crumbling covers and edges, but remain intact.  Most are folded with one or two folds and have been left that way to preserve the crumbling paper.","Missing years: James City County:  1915, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1930 and 1937; Williamsburg:  1892 to 1901, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1916, 1918 and 1920."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":32,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:22:21.072Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2231","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2231","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2231","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2231","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_2231.xml","title_filing_ssi":"James City County and City of Williamsburg Personal Personal Property Tax Books","title_ssm":["James City County and City of Williamsburg Personal Property Tax Books"],"title_tesim":["James City County and City of Williamsburg Personal Property Tax Books"],"unitdate_ssm":["1865-1949"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1865-1949"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 68 J23","/repositories/2/resources/2231"],"text":["Mss. 68 J23","/repositories/2/resources/2231","James City County and City of Williamsburg Personal Property Tax Books","Jamestown (Va.)--History--19th century","Jamestown (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","James City County (Va.)--History--20th century","African Americans","African Americans--Virginia--James City County","African Americans--Virginia--James City County--History","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--History","Property tax","Real property tax","James City County (Va.)--History--19th century","Account books","115 volumes","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Divided into James City County and Williamsburg, then chronological order by year.","Records are also available via microfilm at the Williamsburg-James City County Court House.","This collection is composed of 69 Property Tax Books and 3 Land Tax Books for James City County, Virginia, 1866-1948, and 42 Property Tax Books and 2 Land Tax Books for Williamsburg, Virginia, 1865-1927.","Most years contain two sections within one book:  one section for \"White\" property owners and one section for \"Colored\" property owners.  Many of the James City County records have separate books or are divided into Powhatan, Jamestown and Stone House districts.  For the years 1871 to 1875, records are not available for the county as a whole, but rather by the townships listed. Some years have more than one copy, usually the original book, and the corrected version.","Many of the books have crumbling covers and edges, but remain intact.  Most are folded with one or two folds and have been left that way to preserve the crumbling paper.","Missing years: James City County:  1915, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1930 and 1937; Williamsburg:  1892 to 1901, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1916, 1918 and 1920.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 68 J23","/repositories/2/resources/2231"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James City County and City of Williamsburg Personal Property Tax Books"],"collection_title_tesim":["James City County and City of Williamsburg Personal Property Tax Books"],"collection_ssim":["James City County and City of Williamsburg Personal Property Tax Books"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Jamestown (Va.)--History--19th century","Jamestown (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","James City County (Va.)--History--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Jamestown (Va.)--History--19th century","Jamestown (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","James City County (Va.)--History--20th century"],"places_ssim":["Jamestown (Va.)--History--19th century","Jamestown (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","James City County (Va.)--History--20th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans","African Americans--Virginia--James City County","African Americans--Virginia--James City County--History","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--History","Property tax","Real property tax","James City County (Va.)--History--19th century","Account books"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans","African Americans--Virginia--James City County","African Americans--Virginia--James City County--History","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--History","Property tax","Real property tax","James City County (Va.)--History--19th century","Account books"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["115 volumes"],"extent_ssm":["11.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["11.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Account books"],"date_range_isim":[1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDivided into James City County and Williamsburg, then chronological order by year.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["Divided into James City County and Williamsburg, then chronological order by year."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames City County and Williamsburg City Personal Property Books, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["James City County and Williamsburg City Personal Property Books, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords are also available via microfilm at the Williamsburg-James City County Court House.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Records are also available via microfilm at the Williamsburg-James City County Court House."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is composed of 69 Property Tax Books and 3 Land Tax Books for James City County, Virginia, 1866-1948, and 42 Property Tax Books and 2 Land Tax Books for Williamsburg, Virginia, 1865-1927.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMost years contain two sections within one book:  one section for \"White\" property owners and one section for \"Colored\" property owners.  Many of the James City County records have separate books or are divided into Powhatan, Jamestown and Stone House districts.  For the years 1871 to 1875, records are not available for the county as a whole, but rather by the townships listed. Some years have more than one copy, usually the original book, and the corrected version.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMany of the books have crumbling covers and edges, but remain intact.  Most are folded with one or two folds and have been left that way to preserve the crumbling paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMissing years: James City County:  1915, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1930 and 1937; Williamsburg:  1892 to 1901, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1916, 1918 and 1920.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is composed of 69 Property Tax Books and 3 Land Tax Books for James City County, Virginia, 1866-1948, and 42 Property Tax Books and 2 Land Tax Books for Williamsburg, Virginia, 1865-1927.","Most years contain two sections within one book:  one section for \"White\" property owners and one section for \"Colored\" property owners.  Many of the James City County records have separate books or are divided into Powhatan, Jamestown and Stone House districts.  For the years 1871 to 1875, records are not available for the county as a whole, but rather by the townships listed. Some years have more than one copy, usually the original book, and the corrected version.","Many of the books have crumbling covers and edges, but remain intact.  Most are folded with one or two folds and have been left that way to preserve the crumbling paper.","Missing years: James City County:  1915, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1930 and 1937; Williamsburg:  1892 to 1901, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1916, 1918 and 1920."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":32,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:22:21.072Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2231"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1645","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Jean Schroeder papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1645#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Max Rambod","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1645#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains letters and paper ephemera written to Jeanie Schroeder, a young, white woman who fell in love, got pregnant during her pre-med studies at Northwestern University, and secretly married a young Black musician identified as Keith \"Tiny\" Leighton in the letters. The bulk of the collection dates from the 1940s to the 1950s. The content centers Jeanie Schroeder's courage in facing the difficulties of being seen as an unwed mother in the 1940's; young men going off to World War II, and women obtaining new careers and exploring the work place that was previously unavailable to them.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1645#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1645","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1645","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1645","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1645","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1645.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196328","title_filing_ssi":"Schroeder, Jean, papers","title_ssm":["Jean Schroeder papers"],"title_tesim":["Jean Schroeder papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1939-1951"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["ca. 1939-1951"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1645"],"text":["MSS 16836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1645","Jean Schroeder papers","Interracial marriage","Interracial marriage -- United States","History of Childhood, Parenting and Family Building (UVA)","African Americans","The collection is open for research use.","Jeanie Schroeder (Married names:Boston, [McCoy], [Shearer??] was born in 1921  to Theophil R. Schroeder (1898-1973) and Goldie Margaret Halliday Schroeder (1893-1959) and graduated from NorthWestern University. She also worked as a personnel manager for the Billy Wright Orchestra (known as a pre-cursor to the famous musician Little Richard-- William Wright (1918-1991) was an African American singer who was openly Gay. He is considered one of Little Richard's greatest influences in his formative years.) Jeanie's boyfriend  and secret husband was a musician named Kenny Leighton. She had many friends who were musicians in Chicago and in the United States Navy Band. When she became pregnant, her mother wanted her to marry someone (not Kenny Leighton) just to obtain what Mrs. Schroeder considered acceptable married status. Mrs. Schroeder wanted to take care of her daughter and Miss Schroeder showed much courage in exploring an interacial marriage with Kenny \"Tiny\" Leighton and raising her son on her own while trying to earn money and attend college. Her grandmother was Mary Halliday (1874-1969) and she had many aunts including, Opal Wycoff, Edith Blackhurst, Elsie Chowning, Clara Falk, and a [great] aunt Eva Viola Halliday Mapletoft. From them she received many letters with advice, most of it to follow the wishes of her parents, but her Aunt Elsie wanted her to follow Jeanie's own dreams and encouraged her writing abilities.Miss Schroeder also had letters from some close girl friends (Doris Reiman Gorman who became a doctor in California) and many boy friends who were very fond of her. She also had a brother, Frank Schroeder, who lived with his parents, was not well and who died in 1943. Her parents felt that they could not leave him alone because he was frequently in pain (possibly from Rheumatoid Arthitis).","Related to the UVA Collection of the History of Parenting, Childhood, and Family Building.","This collection contains letters and paper ephemera written to Jeanie Schroeder, a young, white woman who fell in love, got pregnant during her pre-med studies at Northwestern University, and secretly married a young Black musician identified as Keith \"Tiny\" Leighton in the letters. The bulk of the collection dates from the 1940s to the 1950s. The content centers Jeanie Schroeder's courage in facing the difficulties of being seen as an unwed mother in the 1940's; young men going off to World War II, and women obtaining new careers and exploring the work place that was previously unavailable to them.","It contains 130 handwritten letters, thirty typed letters, and 115 pieces of paper ephemera, including identification cards, handwritten poetry, and illustrations by Blair,  their child, drawn for his mother. ","The archive includes letters from Jeannie's father, Theophile R. Schroeder, a Chicago business owner, demanding to know the baby's father, from Jeannie's mother, Goldie Halliday Schroeder, begging her daughter to hide her condition, from a girlfriend, Doris Reiman Gorman, urging Jeannie to move to Mexico where her \"sociological problems\" won't be an issue, and from a friend (George Nesbitt) of Tiny's family with advice for the courage an interracial marriage would require of her, as well as letters from Jeannie and Keith's son. Blair. He wrote letters to his mother while he attended the Williams Military Academy. An envelope with some of the boy's hair is included. ","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1645"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jean Schroeder papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Jean Schroeder papers"],"collection_ssim":["Jean Schroeder papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creators_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Max Rambod by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 6 September 2023"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Interracial marriage","Interracial marriage -- United States","History of Childhood, Parenting and Family Building (UVA)","African Americans"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Interracial marriage","Interracial marriage -- United States","History of Childhood, Parenting and Family Building (UVA)","African Americans"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".6 Cubic Feet"],"extent_tesim":[".6 Cubic Feet"],"physfacet_tesim":["2 document boxes (1 legal, 1 half-legal)"],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJeanie Schroeder (Married names:Boston, [McCoy], [Shearer??] was born in 1921  to Theophil R. Schroeder (1898-1973) and Goldie Margaret Halliday Schroeder (1893-1959) and graduated from NorthWestern University. She also worked as a personnel manager for the Billy Wright Orchestra (known as a pre-cursor to the famous musician Little Richard-- William Wright (1918-1991) was an African American singer who was openly Gay. He is considered one of Little Richard's greatest influences in his formative years.) Jeanie's boyfriend  and secret husband was a musician named Kenny Leighton. She had many friends who were musicians in Chicago and in the United States Navy Band. When she became pregnant, her mother wanted her to marry someone (not Kenny Leighton) just to obtain what Mrs. Schroeder considered acceptable married status. Mrs. Schroeder wanted to take care of her daughter and Miss Schroeder showed much courage in exploring an interacial marriage with Kenny \"Tiny\" Leighton and raising her son on her own while trying to earn money and attend college. Her grandmother was Mary Halliday (1874-1969) and she had many aunts including, Opal Wycoff, Edith Blackhurst, Elsie Chowning, Clara Falk, and a [great] aunt Eva Viola Halliday Mapletoft. From them she received many letters with advice, most of it to follow the wishes of her parents, but her Aunt Elsie wanted her to follow Jeanie's own dreams and encouraged her writing abilities.Miss Schroeder also had letters from some close girl friends (Doris Reiman Gorman who became a doctor in California) and many boy friends who were very fond of her. She also had a brother, Frank Schroeder, who lived with his parents, was not well and who died in 1943. Her parents felt that they could not leave him alone because he was frequently in pain (possibly from Rheumatoid Arthitis).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Jeanie Schroeder (Married names:Boston, [McCoy], [Shearer??] was born in 1921  to Theophil R. Schroeder (1898-1973) and Goldie Margaret Halliday Schroeder (1893-1959) and graduated from NorthWestern University. She also worked as a personnel manager for the Billy Wright Orchestra (known as a pre-cursor to the famous musician Little Richard-- William Wright (1918-1991) was an African American singer who was openly Gay. He is considered one of Little Richard's greatest influences in his formative years.) Jeanie's boyfriend  and secret husband was a musician named Kenny Leighton. She had many friends who were musicians in Chicago and in the United States Navy Band. When she became pregnant, her mother wanted her to marry someone (not Kenny Leighton) just to obtain what Mrs. Schroeder considered acceptable married status. Mrs. Schroeder wanted to take care of her daughter and Miss Schroeder showed much courage in exploring an interacial marriage with Kenny \"Tiny\" Leighton and raising her son on her own while trying to earn money and attend college. Her grandmother was Mary Halliday (1874-1969) and she had many aunts including, Opal Wycoff, Edith Blackhurst, Elsie Chowning, Clara Falk, and a [great] aunt Eva Viola Halliday Mapletoft. From them she received many letters with advice, most of it to follow the wishes of her parents, but her Aunt Elsie wanted her to follow Jeanie's own dreams and encouraged her writing abilities.Miss Schroeder also had letters from some close girl friends (Doris Reiman Gorman who became a doctor in California) and many boy friends who were very fond of her. She also had a brother, Frank Schroeder, who lived with his parents, was not well and who died in 1943. Her parents felt that they could not leave him alone because he was frequently in pain (possibly from Rheumatoid Arthitis)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16836, Jean Schroeder papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16836, Jean Schroeder papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRelated to the UVA Collection of the History of Parenting, Childhood, and Family Building.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Related to the UVA Collection of the History of Parenting, Childhood, and Family Building."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains letters and paper ephemera written to Jeanie Schroeder, a young, white woman who fell in love, got pregnant during her pre-med studies at Northwestern University, and secretly married a young Black musician identified as Keith \"Tiny\" Leighton in the letters. The bulk of the collection dates from the 1940s to the 1950s. The content centers Jeanie Schroeder's courage in facing the difficulties of being seen as an unwed mother in the 1940's; young men going off to World War II, and women obtaining new careers and exploring the work place that was previously unavailable to them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt contains 130 handwritten letters, thirty typed letters, and 115 pieces of paper ephemera, including identification cards, handwritten poetry, and illustrations by Blair,  their child, drawn for his mother. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe archive includes letters from Jeannie's father, Theophile R. Schroeder, a Chicago business owner, demanding to know the baby's father, from Jeannie's mother, Goldie Halliday Schroeder, begging her daughter to hide her condition, from a girlfriend, Doris Reiman Gorman, urging Jeannie to move to Mexico where her \"sociological problems\" won't be an issue, and from a friend (George Nesbitt) of Tiny's family with advice for the courage an interracial marriage would require of her, as well as letters from Jeannie and Keith's son. Blair. He wrote letters to his mother while he attended the Williams Military Academy. An envelope with some of the boy's hair is included. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains letters and paper ephemera written to Jeanie Schroeder, a young, white woman who fell in love, got pregnant during her pre-med studies at Northwestern University, and secretly married a young Black musician identified as Keith \"Tiny\" Leighton in the letters. The bulk of the collection dates from the 1940s to the 1950s. The content centers Jeanie Schroeder's courage in facing the difficulties of being seen as an unwed mother in the 1940's; young men going off to World War II, and women obtaining new careers and exploring the work place that was previously unavailable to them.","It contains 130 handwritten letters, thirty typed letters, and 115 pieces of paper ephemera, including identification cards, handwritten poetry, and illustrations by Blair,  their child, drawn for his mother. ","The archive includes letters from Jeannie's father, Theophile R. Schroeder, a Chicago business owner, demanding to know the baby's father, from Jeannie's mother, Goldie Halliday Schroeder, begging her daughter to hide her condition, from a girlfriend, Doris Reiman Gorman, urging Jeannie to move to Mexico where her \"sociological problems\" won't be an issue, and from a friend (George Nesbitt) of Tiny's family with advice for the courage an interracial marriage would require of her, as well as letters from Jeannie and Keith's son. Blair. He wrote letters to his mother while he attended the Williams Military Academy. An envelope with some of the boy's hair is included. "],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":20,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:43:32.416Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1645","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1645","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1645","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1645","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1645.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196328","title_filing_ssi":"Schroeder, Jean, papers","title_ssm":["Jean Schroeder papers"],"title_tesim":["Jean Schroeder papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1939-1951"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["ca. 1939-1951"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1645"],"text":["MSS 16836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1645","Jean Schroeder papers","Interracial marriage","Interracial marriage -- United States","History of Childhood, Parenting and Family Building (UVA)","African Americans","The collection is open for research use.","Jeanie Schroeder (Married names:Boston, [McCoy], [Shearer??] was born in 1921  to Theophil R. Schroeder (1898-1973) and Goldie Margaret Halliday Schroeder (1893-1959) and graduated from NorthWestern University. She also worked as a personnel manager for the Billy Wright Orchestra (known as a pre-cursor to the famous musician Little Richard-- William Wright (1918-1991) was an African American singer who was openly Gay. He is considered one of Little Richard's greatest influences in his formative years.) Jeanie's boyfriend  and secret husband was a musician named Kenny Leighton. She had many friends who were musicians in Chicago and in the United States Navy Band. When she became pregnant, her mother wanted her to marry someone (not Kenny Leighton) just to obtain what Mrs. Schroeder considered acceptable married status. Mrs. Schroeder wanted to take care of her daughter and Miss Schroeder showed much courage in exploring an interacial marriage with Kenny \"Tiny\" Leighton and raising her son on her own while trying to earn money and attend college. Her grandmother was Mary Halliday (1874-1969) and she had many aunts including, Opal Wycoff, Edith Blackhurst, Elsie Chowning, Clara Falk, and a [great] aunt Eva Viola Halliday Mapletoft. From them she received many letters with advice, most of it to follow the wishes of her parents, but her Aunt Elsie wanted her to follow Jeanie's own dreams and encouraged her writing abilities.Miss Schroeder also had letters from some close girl friends (Doris Reiman Gorman who became a doctor in California) and many boy friends who were very fond of her. She also had a brother, Frank Schroeder, who lived with his parents, was not well and who died in 1943. Her parents felt that they could not leave him alone because he was frequently in pain (possibly from Rheumatoid Arthitis).","Related to the UVA Collection of the History of Parenting, Childhood, and Family Building.","This collection contains letters and paper ephemera written to Jeanie Schroeder, a young, white woman who fell in love, got pregnant during her pre-med studies at Northwestern University, and secretly married a young Black musician identified as Keith \"Tiny\" Leighton in the letters. The bulk of the collection dates from the 1940s to the 1950s. The content centers Jeanie Schroeder's courage in facing the difficulties of being seen as an unwed mother in the 1940's; young men going off to World War II, and women obtaining new careers and exploring the work place that was previously unavailable to them.","It contains 130 handwritten letters, thirty typed letters, and 115 pieces of paper ephemera, including identification cards, handwritten poetry, and illustrations by Blair,  their child, drawn for his mother. ","The archive includes letters from Jeannie's father, Theophile R. Schroeder, a Chicago business owner, demanding to know the baby's father, from Jeannie's mother, Goldie Halliday Schroeder, begging her daughter to hide her condition, from a girlfriend, Doris Reiman Gorman, urging Jeannie to move to Mexico where her \"sociological problems\" won't be an issue, and from a friend (George Nesbitt) of Tiny's family with advice for the courage an interracial marriage would require of her, as well as letters from Jeannie and Keith's son. Blair. He wrote letters to his mother while he attended the Williams Military Academy. An envelope with some of the boy's hair is included. ","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1645"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jean Schroeder papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Jean Schroeder papers"],"collection_ssim":["Jean Schroeder papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creators_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Max Rambod by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 6 September 2023"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Interracial marriage","Interracial marriage -- United States","History of Childhood, Parenting and Family Building (UVA)","African Americans"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Interracial marriage","Interracial marriage -- United States","History of Childhood, Parenting and Family Building (UVA)","African Americans"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".6 Cubic Feet"],"extent_tesim":[".6 Cubic Feet"],"physfacet_tesim":["2 document boxes (1 legal, 1 half-legal)"],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJeanie Schroeder (Married names:Boston, [McCoy], [Shearer??] was born in 1921  to Theophil R. Schroeder (1898-1973) and Goldie Margaret Halliday Schroeder (1893-1959) and graduated from NorthWestern University. She also worked as a personnel manager for the Billy Wright Orchestra (known as a pre-cursor to the famous musician Little Richard-- William Wright (1918-1991) was an African American singer who was openly Gay. He is considered one of Little Richard's greatest influences in his formative years.) Jeanie's boyfriend  and secret husband was a musician named Kenny Leighton. She had many friends who were musicians in Chicago and in the United States Navy Band. When she became pregnant, her mother wanted her to marry someone (not Kenny Leighton) just to obtain what Mrs. Schroeder considered acceptable married status. Mrs. Schroeder wanted to take care of her daughter and Miss Schroeder showed much courage in exploring an interacial marriage with Kenny \"Tiny\" Leighton and raising her son on her own while trying to earn money and attend college. Her grandmother was Mary Halliday (1874-1969) and she had many aunts including, Opal Wycoff, Edith Blackhurst, Elsie Chowning, Clara Falk, and a [great] aunt Eva Viola Halliday Mapletoft. From them she received many letters with advice, most of it to follow the wishes of her parents, but her Aunt Elsie wanted her to follow Jeanie's own dreams and encouraged her writing abilities.Miss Schroeder also had letters from some close girl friends (Doris Reiman Gorman who became a doctor in California) and many boy friends who were very fond of her. She also had a brother, Frank Schroeder, who lived with his parents, was not well and who died in 1943. Her parents felt that they could not leave him alone because he was frequently in pain (possibly from Rheumatoid Arthitis).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Jeanie Schroeder (Married names:Boston, [McCoy], [Shearer??] was born in 1921  to Theophil R. Schroeder (1898-1973) and Goldie Margaret Halliday Schroeder (1893-1959) and graduated from NorthWestern University. She also worked as a personnel manager for the Billy Wright Orchestra (known as a pre-cursor to the famous musician Little Richard-- William Wright (1918-1991) was an African American singer who was openly Gay. He is considered one of Little Richard's greatest influences in his formative years.) Jeanie's boyfriend  and secret husband was a musician named Kenny Leighton. She had many friends who were musicians in Chicago and in the United States Navy Band. When she became pregnant, her mother wanted her to marry someone (not Kenny Leighton) just to obtain what Mrs. Schroeder considered acceptable married status. Mrs. Schroeder wanted to take care of her daughter and Miss Schroeder showed much courage in exploring an interacial marriage with Kenny \"Tiny\" Leighton and raising her son on her own while trying to earn money and attend college. Her grandmother was Mary Halliday (1874-1969) and she had many aunts including, Opal Wycoff, Edith Blackhurst, Elsie Chowning, Clara Falk, and a [great] aunt Eva Viola Halliday Mapletoft. From them she received many letters with advice, most of it to follow the wishes of her parents, but her Aunt Elsie wanted her to follow Jeanie's own dreams and encouraged her writing abilities.Miss Schroeder also had letters from some close girl friends (Doris Reiman Gorman who became a doctor in California) and many boy friends who were very fond of her. She also had a brother, Frank Schroeder, who lived with his parents, was not well and who died in 1943. Her parents felt that they could not leave him alone because he was frequently in pain (possibly from Rheumatoid Arthitis)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16836, Jean Schroeder papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16836, Jean Schroeder papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRelated to the UVA Collection of the History of Parenting, Childhood, and Family Building.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Related to the UVA Collection of the History of Parenting, Childhood, and Family Building."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains letters and paper ephemera written to Jeanie Schroeder, a young, white woman who fell in love, got pregnant during her pre-med studies at Northwestern University, and secretly married a young Black musician identified as Keith \"Tiny\" Leighton in the letters. The bulk of the collection dates from the 1940s to the 1950s. The content centers Jeanie Schroeder's courage in facing the difficulties of being seen as an unwed mother in the 1940's; young men going off to World War II, and women obtaining new careers and exploring the work place that was previously unavailable to them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt contains 130 handwritten letters, thirty typed letters, and 115 pieces of paper ephemera, including identification cards, handwritten poetry, and illustrations by Blair,  their child, drawn for his mother. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe archive includes letters from Jeannie's father, Theophile R. Schroeder, a Chicago business owner, demanding to know the baby's father, from Jeannie's mother, Goldie Halliday Schroeder, begging her daughter to hide her condition, from a girlfriend, Doris Reiman Gorman, urging Jeannie to move to Mexico where her \"sociological problems\" won't be an issue, and from a friend (George Nesbitt) of Tiny's family with advice for the courage an interracial marriage would require of her, as well as letters from Jeannie and Keith's son. Blair. He wrote letters to his mother while he attended the Williams Military Academy. An envelope with some of the boy's hair is included. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains letters and paper ephemera written to Jeanie Schroeder, a young, white woman who fell in love, got pregnant during her pre-med studies at Northwestern University, and secretly married a young Black musician identified as Keith \"Tiny\" Leighton in the letters. The bulk of the collection dates from the 1940s to the 1950s. The content centers Jeanie Schroeder's courage in facing the difficulties of being seen as an unwed mother in the 1940's; young men going off to World War II, and women obtaining new careers and exploring the work place that was previously unavailable to them.","It contains 130 handwritten letters, thirty typed letters, and 115 pieces of paper ephemera, including identification cards, handwritten poetry, and illustrations by Blair,  their child, drawn for his mother. ","The archive includes letters from Jeannie's father, Theophile R. Schroeder, a Chicago business owner, demanding to know the baby's father, from Jeannie's mother, Goldie Halliday Schroeder, begging her daughter to hide her condition, from a girlfriend, Doris Reiman Gorman, urging Jeannie to move to Mexico where her \"sociological problems\" won't be an issue, and from a friend (George Nesbitt) of Tiny's family with advice for the courage an interracial marriage would require of her, as well as letters from Jeannie and Keith's son. Blair. He wrote letters to his mother while he attended the Williams Military Academy. An envelope with some of the boy's hair is included. "],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":20,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:43:32.416Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1645"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_6470","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Joel E. Spingarn Papers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_6470#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eIncludes letters to Spingarn, president of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People from Lowell Thomas, Sumner Welles, Edward Steichen, Charles A. Beard, Henry F. Du Pont, H. L. Mencken, and Owen Roberts concerning horticultural matters. Also includes correspondence, 1938, of Congressman Hamilton Fish, Jr., Walter White, and Springarn concerning remarks made by William E. Borah concerning lynching.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_6470#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_6470","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_6470","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_6470","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_6470","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_6470.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Spingarn, Joel E. Papers","title_ssm":["Joel E. Spingarn Papers"],"title_tesim":["Joel E. Spingarn Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1934-1939"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1934-1939"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 00578","/repositories/2/resources/6470"],"text":["SC 00578","/repositories/2/resources/6470","Joel E. Spingarn Papers","African Americans","Horticulture","Lynching--United States--History","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","The main collections of Joel E. Spingarn papers are in the New York Public Library, Howard University, and in the James Weldon Johnson Collection at Yale University. There are also materials at the Library of Congress.","Includes letters to Spingarn, president of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People from Lowell Thomas, Sumner Welles, Edward Steichen, Charles A. Beard, Henry F. Du Pont, H. L. Mencken, and Owen Roberts concerning horticultural matters. Also includes correspondence, 1938, of Congressman Hamilton Fish, Jr., Walter White, and Springarn concerning remarks made by William E. Borah concerning lynching.","Much of the correspondence deals with gardening.  He sends clematis seeds to friends.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Mencken, H. L. (Henry Louis), 1880-1956","Roberts, William Thomas","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 00578","/repositories/2/resources/6470"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joel E. Spingarn Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Joel E. Spingarn Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Joel E. Spingarn Papers"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift, 1964"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans","Horticulture","Lynching--United States--History","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans","Horticulture","Lynching--United States--History","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe main collections of Joel E. Spingarn papers are in the New York Public Library, Howard University, and in the James Weldon Johnson Collection at Yale University. There are also materials at the Library of Congress.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The main collections of Joel E. Spingarn papers are in the New York Public Library, Howard University, and in the James Weldon Johnson Collection at Yale University. There are also materials at the Library of Congress."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIncludes letters to Spingarn, president of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People from Lowell Thomas, Sumner Welles, Edward Steichen, Charles A. Beard, Henry F. Du Pont, H. L. Mencken, and Owen Roberts concerning horticultural matters. Also includes correspondence, 1938, of Congressman Hamilton Fish, Jr., Walter White, and Springarn concerning remarks made by William E. Borah concerning lynching.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMuch of the correspondence deals with gardening.  He sends clematis seeds to friends.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Includes letters to Spingarn, president of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People from Lowell Thomas, Sumner Welles, Edward Steichen, Charles A. Beard, Henry F. Du Pont, H. L. Mencken, and Owen Roberts concerning horticultural matters. Also includes correspondence, 1938, of Congressman Hamilton Fish, Jr., Walter White, and Springarn concerning remarks made by William E. Borah concerning lynching.","Much of the correspondence deals with gardening.  He sends clematis seeds to friends."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Mencken, H. L. (Henry Louis), 1880-1956","Roberts, William Thomas"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Mencken, H. L. (Henry Louis), 1880-1956","Roberts, William Thomas"],"persname_ssim":["Mencken, H. L. (Henry Louis), 1880-1956","Roberts, William Thomas"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:08:08.772Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_6470","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_6470","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_6470","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_6470","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_6470.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Spingarn, Joel E. Papers","title_ssm":["Joel E. Spingarn Papers"],"title_tesim":["Joel E. Spingarn Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1934-1939"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1934-1939"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 00578","/repositories/2/resources/6470"],"text":["SC 00578","/repositories/2/resources/6470","Joel E. Spingarn Papers","African Americans","Horticulture","Lynching--United States--History","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","The main collections of Joel E. Spingarn papers are in the New York Public Library, Howard University, and in the James Weldon Johnson Collection at Yale University. There are also materials at the Library of Congress.","Includes letters to Spingarn, president of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People from Lowell Thomas, Sumner Welles, Edward Steichen, Charles A. Beard, Henry F. Du Pont, H. L. Mencken, and Owen Roberts concerning horticultural matters. Also includes correspondence, 1938, of Congressman Hamilton Fish, Jr., Walter White, and Springarn concerning remarks made by William E. Borah concerning lynching.","Much of the correspondence deals with gardening.  He sends clematis seeds to friends.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Mencken, H. L. (Henry Louis), 1880-1956","Roberts, William Thomas","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 00578","/repositories/2/resources/6470"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joel E. Spingarn Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Joel E. Spingarn Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Joel E. Spingarn Papers"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift, 1964"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans","Horticulture","Lynching--United States--History","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans","Horticulture","Lynching--United States--History","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe main collections of Joel E. Spingarn papers are in the New York Public Library, Howard University, and in the James Weldon Johnson Collection at Yale University. There are also materials at the Library of Congress.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The main collections of Joel E. Spingarn papers are in the New York Public Library, Howard University, and in the James Weldon Johnson Collection at Yale University. There are also materials at the Library of Congress."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIncludes letters to Spingarn, president of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People from Lowell Thomas, Sumner Welles, Edward Steichen, Charles A. Beard, Henry F. Du Pont, H. L. Mencken, and Owen Roberts concerning horticultural matters. Also includes correspondence, 1938, of Congressman Hamilton Fish, Jr., Walter White, and Springarn concerning remarks made by William E. Borah concerning lynching.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMuch of the correspondence deals with gardening.  He sends clematis seeds to friends.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Includes letters to Spingarn, president of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People from Lowell Thomas, Sumner Welles, Edward Steichen, Charles A. Beard, Henry F. Du Pont, H. L. Mencken, and Owen Roberts concerning horticultural matters. Also includes correspondence, 1938, of Congressman Hamilton Fish, Jr., Walter White, and Springarn concerning remarks made by William E. Borah concerning lynching.","Much of the correspondence deals with gardening.  He sends clematis seeds to friends."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Mencken, H. L. (Henry Louis), 1880-1956","Roberts, William Thomas"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Mencken, H. L. (Henry Louis), 1880-1956","Roberts, William Thomas"],"persname_ssim":["Mencken, H. L. (Henry Louis), 1880-1956","Roberts, William Thomas"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:08:08.772Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_6470"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9567","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"John Newton Bell Papers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9567#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe John Newton Bell papers includes personal and professional correspondence from relatives, business associates and religious figures throughout Virginia and the greater Appalachia. Letters document subject areas including the Civil War, the hospitalization of women in mental health facilities, agricultural issues, and religious matters related to the Presbyterian Church.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9567#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9567","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9567","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9567","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9567","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9567.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Bell, John Newton Papers","title_ssm":["John Newton Bell Papers"],"title_tesim":["John Newton Bell Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1841-1882"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1841-1882"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00345","/repositories/2/resources/9567"],"text":["MS 00345","/repositories/2/resources/9567","John Newton Bell Papers","Winchester (Va.)--History--19th century","Presbyterian Church--Virginia","Merchants","American Civil War, 1861-1865","African Americans","Mental illness--Treatment--History","The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","The John Newton Bell Collection is organized in one series: Series I. Correspondence 1841-1882.","John Newton Bell (1810-1890) was a merchant, elder and treasurer in the Presbyterian church of Winchester, served as superintendent of the Kent Street Sunday school and conducted a Sunday school to African Americans. Bell had two sons who fought for the confederacy during the Civil War. One son, Robert Sherrard Bell was killed in action at Brandy station on November 7, 1863. John Newton Bell was taken as prisoner by the Union army and held at Fort McHenry. At the height of his career, John Newton Bell ran one of the largest mercantile businesses in Winchester, Virginia.","The collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions and acquisitions to the collection.","The John Newton Bell papers includes personal and professional correspondence from relatives, business associates and religious figures throughout Virginia and the greater Appalachia. 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