{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955\u0026page=2","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955\u0026page=2"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":2,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":13,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1172","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"African American Family photograph album, 1910/1960","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1172#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of one photograph album featuring both black and white and sepia toned gelatin silver photographs of an unidentified African American family from circa 1910-1960. 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There is also a photograph showing a group of school children and their teacher in circa 1920s with Cape May written in the corner.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. 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The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. 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There is also a photograph showing a group of school children and their teacher in circa 1920s with Cape May written in the corner.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["African American Family photograph album, 1910/1960"],"collection_ssim":["African American Family photograph album, 1910/1960"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.0104","/repositories/5/resources/1172"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.Coll.0104","/repositories/5/resources/1172"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. 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Any materials used should be fully credited with the source."],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives"],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:01:08.296Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1172"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_565","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Alvin Ailey photograph by Carl Van Vechten, 1955","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_565#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_565#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Black and white gelatin silver photographic print portrait of the dancer Alvin Ailey by Carl Van Vechten, dated March 22, 1955.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_565#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_565","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_565","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_565","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_565","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_565.xml","title_ssm":["Alvin Ailey photograph by Carl Van Vechten"],"title_tesim":["Alvin Ailey photograph by Carl Van Vechten"],"unitdate_ssm":["March 22, 1955"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["March 22, 1955"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1955"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alvin Ailey photograph by Carl Van Vechten, 1955"],"text":["Alvin Ailey photograph by Carl Van Vechten, 1955","C0485","/repositories/2/resources/565","African Americans","Dance","Photography","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","\"About Us.\" Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, accessed June 3, 2021. https://www.alvinailey.org/.","Alvin Ailey Biography, Biography.com, April 2, 2014, https://www.biography.com/performer/alvin-ailey.","\"Carl Van Vechten: Biography and Chronology.\" Library of Congress, accessed June 3, 2021. https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/van/biography.html.","Alvin Ailey was a pioneering African American dancer who was best known for founding the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre (AAADT). Born in Texas in 1931, Ailey suffered a difficult childhood, and eventually finished out his schooling years in Los Angeles, California. While in Los Angeles, Ailey witnessed dance performances by the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo and the Katherine Dunham Dance Company that changed the trajectory of his life. By 1949 Ailey was studying dance under Lester Horton, and just a year later joined his dance company. Soon after this Ailey went on to a varied and successful career as a dancer and choreographer. Ailey eventually went to dance on Broadway, but his greatest achievement was the founding of the AAADT in 1958. Ailey's most enduring work with AAADT is his dance piece \"Revelations,\" which brought the dance company international renown and acclaim. Ailey is considered a beloved figure and legend in the history of American dance, and AAADT thrives to this day. The company has been described as \"'a vital American cultural ambassador to the world' that celebrates the uniqueness of the African-American cultural experience and the preservation and enrichment of the American modern dance heritage\" (AAADT website). Alvin Ailey passed away in 1988.","Carl Van Vechten was an acclaimed American photographer and writer who was known for his portraits of famous artists. Born in 1880, Van Vechten was a notable supporter of the Harlem Renaissance and took particular interest in African American and Black culture, which was reflected in his art, though sometimes controversially. Van Vechten photographed many of the artists he met in Harlem, and continued to photograph Black creatives over the course of his career, including Alvin Ailey. Van Vechten died in 1964.","Processing completed by Amanda Brent in June 2021. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in June 2021. This item was formerly part of the Performing Arts Manuscript Materials collection, C0215.","The Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections and materials on American dance and dance in general.","The Library of Congress holds the  and the . The latter contains another copy of the  found in this collection.","The Black Archives of Mid-America holds the .","The New York Public Library, Jerome Robbins Dance Division holds the .","Black and white gelatin silver photographic print portrait of the dancer Alvin Ailey by Carl Van Vechten, dated March 22, 1955. The photograph features a seated Ailey, presumably in dance costume, holding a woven basket prop. The bottom right corner features a raised stamp that reads \"Photograph by Carl Van Vechten[.]\" The verso includes a stamp and handwritten notes by Van Vechten.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Black and white gelatin silver photographic print portrait of the dancer Alvin Ailey by Carl Van Vechten, dated March 22, 1955.","R 72, C 3, S 5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","Ailey, Alvin","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Alvin Ailey photograph by Carl Van Vechten, 1955"],"collection_ssim":["Alvin Ailey photograph by Carl Van Vechten, 1955"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0485","/repositories/2/resources/565"],"unitid_tesim":["C0485","/repositories/2/resources/565"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964"],"creator_ssim":["Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","Ailey, Alvin"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","Ailey, Alvin","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Steve Gerber from Schubertiade Music on January 26, 2010."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans","Dance","Photography"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans","Dance","Photography"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 photograph"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 photograph"],"date_range_isim":[1955],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"About Us.\" Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, accessed June 3, 2021. https://www.alvinailey.org/.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlvin Ailey Biography, Biography.com, April 2, 2014, https://www.biography.com/performer/alvin-ailey.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Carl Van Vechten: Biography and Chronology.\" Library of Congress, accessed June 3, 2021. https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/van/biography.html.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"About Us.\" Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, accessed June 3, 2021. https://www.alvinailey.org/.","Alvin Ailey Biography, Biography.com, April 2, 2014, https://www.biography.com/performer/alvin-ailey.","\"Carl Van Vechten: Biography and Chronology.\" Library of Congress, accessed June 3, 2021. https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/van/biography.html."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlvin Ailey was a pioneering African American dancer who was best known for founding the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre (AAADT). 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The company has been described as \"'a vital American cultural ambassador to the world' that celebrates the uniqueness of the African-American cultural experience and the preservation and enrichment of the American modern dance heritage\" (AAADT website). Alvin Ailey passed away in 1988.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarl Van Vechten was an acclaimed American photographer and writer who was known for his portraits of famous artists. Born in 1880, Van Vechten was a notable supporter of the Harlem Renaissance and took particular interest in African American and Black culture, which was reflected in his art, though sometimes controversially. Van Vechten photographed many of the artists he met in Harlem, and continued to photograph Black creatives over the course of his career, including Alvin Ailey. Van Vechten died in 1964.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alvin Ailey was a pioneering African American dancer who was best known for founding the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre (AAADT). Born in Texas in 1931, Ailey suffered a difficult childhood, and eventually finished out his schooling years in Los Angeles, California. While in Los Angeles, Ailey witnessed dance performances by the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo and the Katherine Dunham Dance Company that changed the trajectory of his life. By 1949 Ailey was studying dance under Lester Horton, and just a year later joined his dance company. Soon after this Ailey went on to a varied and successful career as a dancer and choreographer. Ailey eventually went to dance on Broadway, but his greatest achievement was the founding of the AAADT in 1958. Ailey's most enduring work with AAADT is his dance piece \"Revelations,\" which brought the dance company international renown and acclaim. Ailey is considered a beloved figure and legend in the history of American dance, and AAADT thrives to this day. The company has been described as \"'a vital American cultural ambassador to the world' that celebrates the uniqueness of the African-American cultural experience and the preservation and enrichment of the American modern dance heritage\" (AAADT website). Alvin Ailey passed away in 1988.","Carl Van Vechten was an acclaimed American photographer and writer who was known for his portraits of famous artists. Born in 1880, Van Vechten was a notable supporter of the Harlem Renaissance and took particular interest in African American and Black culture, which was reflected in his art, though sometimes controversially. Van Vechten photographed many of the artists he met in Harlem, and continued to photograph Black creatives over the course of his career, including Alvin Ailey. Van Vechten died in 1964."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlvin Ailey photograph by Carl Van Vechten, C0485, Special Collections Resarch Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Alvin Ailey photograph by Carl Van Vechten, C0485, Special Collections Resarch Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Amanda Brent in June 2021. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in June 2021. This item was formerly part of the Performing Arts Manuscript Materials collection, C0215.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Amanda Brent in June 2021. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in June 2021. This item was formerly part of the Performing Arts Manuscript Materials collection, C0215."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections and materials on American dance and dance in general.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Library of Congress holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Alvin Ailey Dance Foundation Collection\" href=\"https://memory.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.natlib.scdb.200033840/default.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Carl Van Vechten Photographs Collection\" href=\"https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/van/\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. The latter contains another copy of the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"photograph\" href=\"https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/van/item/2004662478/\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e found in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Black Archives of Mid-America holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Allan Gray Family Personal Papers of Alvin Ailey\" href=\"http://blackarchives.org/collection/allan-gray-family-personal-papers-of-alvin-ailey-ac10/\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe New York Public Library, Jerome Robbins Dance Division holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Alvin Ailey Video Archive\" href=\"https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/collections/alvin-ailey-video-archive#/?tab=about\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections and materials on American dance and dance in general.","The Library of Congress holds the  and the . The latter contains another copy of the  found in this collection.","The Black Archives of Mid-America holds the .","The New York Public Library, Jerome Robbins Dance Division holds the ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBlack and white gelatin silver photographic print portrait of the dancer Alvin Ailey by Carl Van Vechten, dated March 22, 1955. The photograph features a seated Ailey, presumably in dance costume, holding a woven basket prop. The bottom right corner features a raised stamp that reads \"Photograph by Carl Van Vechten[.]\" The verso includes a stamp and handwritten notes by Van Vechten.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Black and white gelatin silver photographic print portrait of the dancer Alvin Ailey by Carl Van Vechten, dated March 22, 1955. The photograph features a seated Ailey, presumably in dance costume, holding a woven basket prop. The bottom right corner features a raised stamp that reads \"Photograph by Carl Van Vechten[.]\" The verso includes a stamp and handwritten notes by Van Vechten."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_80a1fd38a705d11aa68892aa312e2272\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eBlack and white gelatin silver photographic print portrait of the dancer Alvin Ailey by Carl Van Vechten, dated March 22, 1955.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Black and white gelatin silver photographic print portrait of the dancer Alvin Ailey by Carl Van Vechten, dated March 22, 1955."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_eb5336f70e9382713077b09f9ae07299\"\u003eR 72, C 3, S 5\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 72, C 3, S 5"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","Ailey, Alvin"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ailey, Alvin"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","Ailey, Alvin"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:55:07.784Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_565","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_565","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_565","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_565","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_565.xml","title_ssm":["Alvin Ailey photograph by Carl Van Vechten"],"title_tesim":["Alvin Ailey photograph by Carl Van Vechten"],"unitdate_ssm":["March 22, 1955"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["March 22, 1955"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1955"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alvin Ailey photograph by Carl Van Vechten, 1955"],"text":["Alvin Ailey photograph by Carl Van Vechten, 1955","C0485","/repositories/2/resources/565","African Americans","Dance","Photography","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","\"About Us.\" Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, accessed June 3, 2021. https://www.alvinailey.org/.","Alvin Ailey Biography, Biography.com, April 2, 2014, https://www.biography.com/performer/alvin-ailey.","\"Carl Van Vechten: Biography and Chronology.\" Library of Congress, accessed June 3, 2021. https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/van/biography.html.","Alvin Ailey was a pioneering African American dancer who was best known for founding the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre (AAADT). Born in Texas in 1931, Ailey suffered a difficult childhood, and eventually finished out his schooling years in Los Angeles, California. While in Los Angeles, Ailey witnessed dance performances by the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo and the Katherine Dunham Dance Company that changed the trajectory of his life. By 1949 Ailey was studying dance under Lester Horton, and just a year later joined his dance company. Soon after this Ailey went on to a varied and successful career as a dancer and choreographer. Ailey eventually went to dance on Broadway, but his greatest achievement was the founding of the AAADT in 1958. Ailey's most enduring work with AAADT is his dance piece \"Revelations,\" which brought the dance company international renown and acclaim. Ailey is considered a beloved figure and legend in the history of American dance, and AAADT thrives to this day. The company has been described as \"'a vital American cultural ambassador to the world' that celebrates the uniqueness of the African-American cultural experience and the preservation and enrichment of the American modern dance heritage\" (AAADT website). Alvin Ailey passed away in 1988.","Carl Van Vechten was an acclaimed American photographer and writer who was known for his portraits of famous artists. Born in 1880, Van Vechten was a notable supporter of the Harlem Renaissance and took particular interest in African American and Black culture, which was reflected in his art, though sometimes controversially. Van Vechten photographed many of the artists he met in Harlem, and continued to photograph Black creatives over the course of his career, including Alvin Ailey. Van Vechten died in 1964.","Processing completed by Amanda Brent in June 2021. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in June 2021. This item was formerly part of the Performing Arts Manuscript Materials collection, C0215.","The Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections and materials on American dance and dance in general.","The Library of Congress holds the  and the . The latter contains another copy of the  found in this collection.","The Black Archives of Mid-America holds the .","The New York Public Library, Jerome Robbins Dance Division holds the .","Black and white gelatin silver photographic print portrait of the dancer Alvin Ailey by Carl Van Vechten, dated March 22, 1955. The photograph features a seated Ailey, presumably in dance costume, holding a woven basket prop. The bottom right corner features a raised stamp that reads \"Photograph by Carl Van Vechten[.]\" The verso includes a stamp and handwritten notes by Van Vechten.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Black and white gelatin silver photographic print portrait of the dancer Alvin Ailey by Carl Van Vechten, dated March 22, 1955.","R 72, C 3, S 5","George Mason University. Libraries. 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Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Steve Gerber from Schubertiade Music on January 26, 2010."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans","Dance","Photography"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans","Dance","Photography"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 photograph"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 photograph"],"date_range_isim":[1955],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"About Us.\" Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, accessed June 3, 2021. https://www.alvinailey.org/.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlvin Ailey Biography, Biography.com, April 2, 2014, https://www.biography.com/performer/alvin-ailey.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Carl Van Vechten: Biography and Chronology.\" Library of Congress, accessed June 3, 2021. https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/van/biography.html.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"About Us.\" Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, accessed June 3, 2021. https://www.alvinailey.org/.","Alvin Ailey Biography, Biography.com, April 2, 2014, https://www.biography.com/performer/alvin-ailey.","\"Carl Van Vechten: Biography and Chronology.\" Library of Congress, accessed June 3, 2021. https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/van/biography.html."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlvin Ailey was a pioneering African American dancer who was best known for founding the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre (AAADT). Born in Texas in 1931, Ailey suffered a difficult childhood, and eventually finished out his schooling years in Los Angeles, California. While in Los Angeles, Ailey witnessed dance performances by the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo and the Katherine Dunham Dance Company that changed the trajectory of his life. By 1949 Ailey was studying dance under Lester Horton, and just a year later joined his dance company. Soon after this Ailey went on to a varied and successful career as a dancer and choreographer. Ailey eventually went to dance on Broadway, but his greatest achievement was the founding of the AAADT in 1958. Ailey's most enduring work with AAADT is his dance piece \"Revelations,\" which brought the dance company international renown and acclaim. Ailey is considered a beloved figure and legend in the history of American dance, and AAADT thrives to this day. The company has been described as \"'a vital American cultural ambassador to the world' that celebrates the uniqueness of the African-American cultural experience and the preservation and enrichment of the American modern dance heritage\" (AAADT website). Alvin Ailey passed away in 1988.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarl Van Vechten was an acclaimed American photographer and writer who was known for his portraits of famous artists. Born in 1880, Van Vechten was a notable supporter of the Harlem Renaissance and took particular interest in African American and Black culture, which was reflected in his art, though sometimes controversially. Van Vechten photographed many of the artists he met in Harlem, and continued to photograph Black creatives over the course of his career, including Alvin Ailey. Van Vechten died in 1964.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alvin Ailey was a pioneering African American dancer who was best known for founding the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre (AAADT). Born in Texas in 1931, Ailey suffered a difficult childhood, and eventually finished out his schooling years in Los Angeles, California. While in Los Angeles, Ailey witnessed dance performances by the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo and the Katherine Dunham Dance Company that changed the trajectory of his life. By 1949 Ailey was studying dance under Lester Horton, and just a year later joined his dance company. Soon after this Ailey went on to a varied and successful career as a dancer and choreographer. Ailey eventually went to dance on Broadway, but his greatest achievement was the founding of the AAADT in 1958. Ailey's most enduring work with AAADT is his dance piece \"Revelations,\" which brought the dance company international renown and acclaim. Ailey is considered a beloved figure and legend in the history of American dance, and AAADT thrives to this day. The company has been described as \"'a vital American cultural ambassador to the world' that celebrates the uniqueness of the African-American cultural experience and the preservation and enrichment of the American modern dance heritage\" (AAADT website). Alvin Ailey passed away in 1988.","Carl Van Vechten was an acclaimed American photographer and writer who was known for his portraits of famous artists. Born in 1880, Van Vechten was a notable supporter of the Harlem Renaissance and took particular interest in African American and Black culture, which was reflected in his art, though sometimes controversially. Van Vechten photographed many of the artists he met in Harlem, and continued to photograph Black creatives over the course of his career, including Alvin Ailey. Van Vechten died in 1964."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlvin Ailey photograph by Carl Van Vechten, C0485, Special Collections Resarch Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Alvin Ailey photograph by Carl Van Vechten, C0485, Special Collections Resarch Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Amanda Brent in June 2021. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in June 2021. This item was formerly part of the Performing Arts Manuscript Materials collection, C0215.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Amanda Brent in June 2021. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in June 2021. This item was formerly part of the Performing Arts Manuscript Materials collection, C0215."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections and materials on American dance and dance in general.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Library of Congress holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Alvin Ailey Dance Foundation Collection\" href=\"https://memory.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.natlib.scdb.200033840/default.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Carl Van Vechten Photographs Collection\" href=\"https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/van/\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. The latter contains another copy of the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"photograph\" href=\"https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/van/item/2004662478/\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e found in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Black Archives of Mid-America holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Allan Gray Family Personal Papers of Alvin Ailey\" href=\"http://blackarchives.org/collection/allan-gray-family-personal-papers-of-alvin-ailey-ac10/\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe New York Public Library, Jerome Robbins Dance Division holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Alvin Ailey Video Archive\" href=\"https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/collections/alvin-ailey-video-archive#/?tab=about\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections and materials on American dance and dance in general.","The Library of Congress holds the  and the . The latter contains another copy of the  found in this collection.","The Black Archives of Mid-America holds the .","The New York Public Library, Jerome Robbins Dance Division holds the ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBlack and white gelatin silver photographic print portrait of the dancer Alvin Ailey by Carl Van Vechten, dated March 22, 1955. The photograph features a seated Ailey, presumably in dance costume, holding a woven basket prop. The bottom right corner features a raised stamp that reads \"Photograph by Carl Van Vechten[.]\" The verso includes a stamp and handwritten notes by Van Vechten.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Black and white gelatin silver photographic print portrait of the dancer Alvin Ailey by Carl Van Vechten, dated March 22, 1955. The photograph features a seated Ailey, presumably in dance costume, holding a woven basket prop. The bottom right corner features a raised stamp that reads \"Photograph by Carl Van Vechten[.]\" The verso includes a stamp and handwritten notes by Van Vechten."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_80a1fd38a705d11aa68892aa312e2272\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eBlack and white gelatin silver photographic print portrait of the dancer Alvin Ailey by Carl Van Vechten, dated March 22, 1955.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Black and white gelatin silver photographic print portrait of the dancer Alvin Ailey by Carl Van Vechten, dated March 22, 1955."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_eb5336f70e9382713077b09f9ae07299\"\u003eR 72, C 3, S 5\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 72, C 3, S 5"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","Ailey, Alvin"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ailey, Alvin"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","Ailey, Alvin"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:55:07.784Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_565"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_859","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Booker T. Washington, Commemorative Articles and Other Miscellaneous Items, 1881/1981","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_859#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_859#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Commemorative articles about Tuskegee Institute and its founder, the educator, Booker T. Washington. Also copies of a few articles by this renowned turn of the century leader of Afro-Americans and a copy of his autobiography, Up From Slavery. Also includes photographs of Washington and his family and facsimiles of his passport application and death certificate. This material reflects Washington's philosophy of economic self help for African-Americans.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_859#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_859","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_859","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_859","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_859","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_859.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195311","title_ssm":["Booker T. Washington, Commemorative Articles and Other Miscellaneous Items"],"title_tesim":["Booker T. Washington, Commemorative Articles and Other Miscellaneous Items"],"unitdate_ssm":["1881-1981"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1881-1981"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1881/1981"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Booker T. Washington, Commemorative Articles and Other Miscellaneous Items, 1881/1981"],"text":["Booker T. Washington, Commemorative Articles and Other Miscellaneous Items, 1881/1981","A\u0026M 2705","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/859","African Americans","Education","Judges - letters and papers.","Photography","Political patronage - WV.","Southern Federal Judicial District of WV.","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Commemorative articles about Tuskegee Institute and its founder, the educator, Booker T. Washington. Also copies of a few articles by this renowned turn of the century leader of Afro-Americans and a copy of his autobiography, Up From Slavery. Also includes photographs of Washington and his family and facsimiles of his passport application and death certificate. This material reflects Washington's philosophy of economic self help for African-Americans.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Tuskegee Institute","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Dice, Judge Charles S.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Booker T. Washington, Commemorative Articles and Other Miscellaneous Items, 1881/1981"],"collection_ssim":["Booker T. Washington, Commemorative Articles and Other Miscellaneous Items, 1881/1981"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2705","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/859"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2705","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/859"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915"],"creator_ssim":["Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Dice, Judge Charles S."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Tuskegee Institute"],"creators_ssim":["Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Dice, Judge Charles S.","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Tuskegee Institute"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans","Education","Judges - letters and papers.","Photography","Political patronage - WV.","Southern Federal Judicial District of WV."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans","Education","Judges - letters and papers.","Photography","Political patronage - WV.","Southern Federal Judicial District of WV."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet Summary: 3 in. (1 small flat storage box)"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet Summary: 3 in. (1 small flat storage box)"],"date_range_isim":[1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Booker T. Washington, Commemorative Articles and Other Miscellaneous Items, A\u0026amp;M 2705, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Booker T. Washington, Commemorative Articles and Other Miscellaneous Items, A\u0026M 2705, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_294dd40e87615155651f548be83a608c\"\u003eCommemorative articles about Tuskegee Institute and its founder, the educator, Booker T. Washington. Also copies of a few articles by this renowned turn of the century leader of Afro-Americans and a copy of his autobiography, Up From Slavery. Also includes photographs of Washington and his family and facsimiles of his passport application and death certificate. This material reflects Washington's philosophy of economic self help for African-Americans.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Commemorative articles about Tuskegee Institute and its founder, the educator, Booker T. Washington. Also copies of a few articles by this renowned turn of the century leader of Afro-Americans and a copy of his autobiography, Up From Slavery. Also includes photographs of Washington and his family and facsimiles of his passport application and death certificate. This material reflects Washington's philosophy of economic self help for African-Americans."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_02841504dfe095a04d0442d21d8a662f\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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The family  had members that served in the United States military."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eConnie Smith family photograph album, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Connie Smith family photograph album, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains one photograph album and one real photograph postcard.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains one photograph album and one real photograph postcard."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:50:34.320Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9893"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6907","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers, 1800/2024, bulk 2016/2021","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6907#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePapers of Katherine G. Johnson. Includes assorted artifacts, family photographs, awards, honorary degrees, correspondence, and other material regarding the career and life of Katherine G. Johnson. The bulk of the collection is focused on material relating to the release of the 2016 film \u003cspan\u003eHidden Figures\u003c/span\u003e while other material details Katherine Johnson's early life and her family history. Such material includes news clippings, magazine articles, and fan mail to Katherine G. Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6907#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6907","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6907","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6907","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6907","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_6907.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/209608","title_ssm":["Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers"],"title_tesim":["Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1800-2024","2016-2021"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1800-2024"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["2016-2021"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1800/2024, bulk 2016/2021"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers, 1800/2024, bulk 2016/2021"],"text":["Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers, 1800/2024, bulk 2016/2021","A\u0026M 4536","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6907","Women -- United States -- History","African Americans","Mathematics","No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department.","Katherine Goble Johnson was born in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia on August 26, 1918. Born Creola Katherine Coleman to parents Joylette Roberta and Joshua McKinley Coleman, she was the youngest of four children. Excelling at mathematics from an early age, Katherine and her family moved to Institute, West Virginia in order for Katherine to attend high school on the campus of West Virginia State University (WVSU). Graduating from high school at the age of 14, Johnson immediately enrolled at WVSU to pursue higher education. At the age of 18 she graduated summa cum laude in 1937 with a double major in mathematics and French. Finding few opportunities for an African-American teenage mathematician she eventually took a job as a schoolteacher in Marion, Virginia.","After marrying her first husband, James Goble, in 1939 Katherine was selected by the president of WVSU to be one of three African Americans to integrate West Virginia University (WVU) following Governor Homer Holt's decision to desegregate public graduate schools in West Virginia. Becoming the first African-American woman to be accepted into WVU's graduate program, Johnson withdrew from classes after discovering she was pregnant, settling into motherhood and her career as a teacher over the next decade.","In 1952, after hearing from a relative about jobs working with the all-black West Area computing section at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Langley laboratory under the instruction of fellow West Virginian Dorothy Vaughan, Katherine and James moved to Newport News, Virginia and Johnson began working at Langley in the summer of 1953. First assigned to a project in the Maneuver Loads Branch of the Flight Research Division, her temporary position quickly turned permanent.","Johnson helped provide some of the math for the 1958 document Notes on Space Technology. As NACA transformed in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Johnson continued to provide groundbreaking work including trajectory analysis for the 1961 Freedom 7 mission with Alan Shepard, America's first human spaceflight. Her and engineer Ted Skopinski's Determination of Azimuth Angle at Burnout for Placing a Satellite Over a Selected Earth Position was the first time a woman in the Flight Research Division received credit as an author of a research report.","Over the course of her career with NASA Johnson assisted with a variety of pioneering space flight missions. She verified the flight plan of John Glenn prior to his historic orbit of the Earth in 1961, in 1969 she was part of the team that calculated where and when to launch the rocket for the Apollo 11 mission that sent the first humans to the Moon, as well as working on the space shuttle program, and authoring/coauthoring 26 research reports. Katherine Johnson retired from NASA in 1986 after 33 years at the Langley facility.","Over the years Johnson received numerous awards and recognitions for her contributions to space flight. In 2015, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama, the highest civilian award in the United States. In 2016, NASA named the Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility after her. Also in 2016, Margot Lee Shetterly published Hidden Figures: The American Dream and The Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race, a book about the West Area computers, including Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson. A film based on the book and having the same title was released that same year with the movie being nominated for Best Picture at the 89th Academy Awards.","Katherine Johnson passed away on February 24, 2020 at the age of 101 at a retirement home in Newport News, Virginia. She was preceded in death by her second husband Jim Johnson in 2019, whom she married in 1959 after the death of her first husband in 1956. A memoir, My Remarkable Journey, co-written by Johnson and her daughters, Joylette Hylick and Katherine Moore, was published posthumously in 2021.","Papers of Katherine G. Johnson. Includes assorted artifacts, family photographs, awards, honorary degrees, correspondence, and other material regarding the career and life of Katherine G. Johnson. The bulk of the collection is focused on material relating to the release of the 2016 film Hidden Figures while other material details Katherine Johnson's early life and her family history. Such material includes news clippings, magazine articles, and fan mail to Katherine G. Johnson.","Includes framed awards, plaques, glass awards, honorary degrees, and other resolutions and recognitions granted to Katherine G. Johnson.","Includes materials related to Katherine G. Johnson, the film Hidden Figures, and general NASA publications. Types of material include newspaper clippings, magazine articles, pamphlets, program schedules, books, and copies of commencement speeches given by Johnson and others, among other items.","Materials include digitized photographs on CDs, recorded interviews and ceremonies, as well as an atlas on CD-ROM.","Includes mostly fan mail to Katherine Johnson, with other items including personal and family correspondence, as well as writings related to event and award ceremonies.","Includes family photographs, scrapbooks, Katherine Johnson's math tools and math book, and a Barbie doll of Katherine Johnson, among other items.","Contains four plastic squares, one broken spiral mathemathical instrument, one intact spiral, and one small paper kit containing a variety of equipment.","Contains two circle templates, one logarithmic spiral curve and booklet, one ellipse set, and two protractors.","A significant portion of these photographs are of Katherine's maternal aunt, Lelia Lowe White, and her students at Langston High School in Danville, VA.","Includes handwritten math textbook in the ledger for a business (possibly a pharmacy) owned by an ancestor of Katherine Johnson (likely Thomas H. Lowe) and several documents found inside the ledger, such as letters and a handwritten story. Other names listed in this material include Abraham North Lowe and Lee Lowe.","Invitation and program for the United States Congressional Gold Medal Ceremony in honor of Katherine Johnson, Dr. Christine Darden, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson, as well as the same for the National Aviation Hall of Fame's 60th Annual Enshrinement Dinner \u0026 Ceremony","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. Copyright for photographs of Katherine Johnson for Vanity Fair magazine is not owned by the West Virginia and Regional History Center. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers, 1800/2024, bulk 2016/2021"],"collection_ssim":["Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers, 1800/2024, bulk 2016/2021"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 4536","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6907"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 4536","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6907"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. Copyright for photographs of Katherine Johnson for Vanity Fair magazine is not owned by the West Virginia and Regional History Center. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Joylette G. Hylick and Katherine G. Moore, 2021-2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- United States -- History","African Americans","Mathematics"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- United States -- History","African Americans","Mathematics"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["11.89 Linear Feet 7 record cartons, 15 in. each; 1 flat storage box, 4 in.; 1 flat storage box, 3.5 in.; 7 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 2 flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each; 1 roll tube box, 4 in.; 3 unboxed items, 2.25 in. total","4.8 Gigabytes 448 files, formats include .jpg, .gif, .png, .pdf, .mp3, .ppt, .iso, .cue, .md5"],"extent_tesim":["11.89 Linear Feet 7 record cartons, 15 in. each; 1 flat storage box, 4 in.; 1 flat storage box, 3.5 in.; 7 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 2 flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each; 1 roll tube box, 4 in.; 3 unboxed items, 2.25 in. total","4.8 Gigabytes 448 files, formats include .jpg, .gif, .png, .pdf, .mp3, .ppt, .iso, .cue, .md5"],"date_range_isim":[1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the \u003ca href=\"https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKatherine Goble Johnson was born in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia on August 26, 1918. Born Creola Katherine Coleman to parents Joylette Roberta and Joshua McKinley Coleman, she was the youngest of four children. Excelling at mathematics from an early age, Katherine and her family moved to Institute, West Virginia in order for Katherine to attend high school on the campus of West Virginia State University (WVSU). Graduating from high school at the age of 14, Johnson immediately enrolled at WVSU to pursue higher education. At the age of 18 she graduated \u003cemph\u003esumma cum laude\u003c/emph\u003e in 1937 with a double major in mathematics and French. Finding few opportunities for an African-American teenage mathematician she eventually took a job as a schoolteacher in Marion, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter marrying her first husband, James Goble, in 1939 Katherine was selected by the president of WVSU to be one of three African Americans to integrate West Virginia University (WVU) following Governor Homer Holt's decision to desegregate public graduate schools in West Virginia. Becoming the first African-American woman to be accepted into WVU's graduate program, Johnson withdrew from classes after discovering she was pregnant, settling into motherhood and her career as a teacher over the next decade.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1952, after hearing from a relative about jobs working with the all-black West Area computing section at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Langley laboratory under the instruction of fellow West Virginian Dorothy Vaughan, Katherine and James moved to Newport News, Virginia and Johnson began working at Langley in the summer of 1953. First assigned to a project in the Maneuver Loads Branch of the Flight Research Division, her temporary position quickly turned permanent.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohnson helped provide some of the math for the 1958 document \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eNotes on Space Technology\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e. As NACA transformed in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Johnson continued to provide groundbreaking work including trajectory analysis for the 1961 Freedom 7 mission with Alan Shepard, America's first human spaceflight. Her and engineer Ted Skopinski's \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eDetermination of Azimuth Angle at Burnout for Placing a Satellite Over a Selected Earth Position\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e was the first time a woman in the Flight Research Division received credit as an author of a research report. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOver the course of her career with NASA Johnson assisted with a variety of pioneering space flight missions. She verified the flight plan of John Glenn prior to his historic orbit of the Earth in 1961, in 1969 she was part of the team that calculated where and when to launch the rocket for the Apollo 11 mission that sent the first humans to the Moon, as well as working on the space shuttle program, and authoring/coauthoring 26 research reports. Katherine Johnson retired from NASA in 1986 after 33 years at the Langley facility.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOver the years Johnson received numerous awards and recognitions for her contributions to space flight. In 2015, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama, the highest civilian award in the United States. In 2016, NASA named the Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility after her. Also in 2016, Margot Lee Shetterly published \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eHidden Figures: The American Dream and The Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e, a book about the West Area computers, including Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson. A film based on the book and having the same title was released that same year with the movie being nominated for Best Picture at the 89th Academy Awards.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKatherine Johnson passed away on February 24, 2020 at the age of 101 at a retirement home in Newport News, Virginia. She was preceded in death by her second husband Jim Johnson in 2019, whom she married in 1959 after the death of her first husband in 1956. A memoir, \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eMy Remarkable Journey\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e, co-written by Johnson and her daughters, Joylette Hylick and Katherine Moore, was published posthumously in 2021.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Katherine Goble Johnson was born in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia on August 26, 1918. Born Creola Katherine Coleman to parents Joylette Roberta and Joshua McKinley Coleman, she was the youngest of four children. Excelling at mathematics from an early age, Katherine and her family moved to Institute, West Virginia in order for Katherine to attend high school on the campus of West Virginia State University (WVSU). Graduating from high school at the age of 14, Johnson immediately enrolled at WVSU to pursue higher education. At the age of 18 she graduated summa cum laude in 1937 with a double major in mathematics and French. Finding few opportunities for an African-American teenage mathematician she eventually took a job as a schoolteacher in Marion, Virginia.","After marrying her first husband, James Goble, in 1939 Katherine was selected by the president of WVSU to be one of three African Americans to integrate West Virginia University (WVU) following Governor Homer Holt's decision to desegregate public graduate schools in West Virginia. Becoming the first African-American woman to be accepted into WVU's graduate program, Johnson withdrew from classes after discovering she was pregnant, settling into motherhood and her career as a teacher over the next decade.","In 1952, after hearing from a relative about jobs working with the all-black West Area computing section at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Langley laboratory under the instruction of fellow West Virginian Dorothy Vaughan, Katherine and James moved to Newport News, Virginia and Johnson began working at Langley in the summer of 1953. First assigned to a project in the Maneuver Loads Branch of the Flight Research Division, her temporary position quickly turned permanent.","Johnson helped provide some of the math for the 1958 document Notes on Space Technology. As NACA transformed in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Johnson continued to provide groundbreaking work including trajectory analysis for the 1961 Freedom 7 mission with Alan Shepard, America's first human spaceflight. Her and engineer Ted Skopinski's Determination of Azimuth Angle at Burnout for Placing a Satellite Over a Selected Earth Position was the first time a woman in the Flight Research Division received credit as an author of a research report.","Over the course of her career with NASA Johnson assisted with a variety of pioneering space flight missions. She verified the flight plan of John Glenn prior to his historic orbit of the Earth in 1961, in 1969 she was part of the team that calculated where and when to launch the rocket for the Apollo 11 mission that sent the first humans to the Moon, as well as working on the space shuttle program, and authoring/coauthoring 26 research reports. Katherine Johnson retired from NASA in 1986 after 33 years at the Langley facility.","Over the years Johnson received numerous awards and recognitions for her contributions to space flight. In 2015, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama, the highest civilian award in the United States. In 2016, NASA named the Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility after her. Also in 2016, Margot Lee Shetterly published Hidden Figures: The American Dream and The Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race, a book about the West Area computers, including Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson. A film based on the book and having the same title was released that same year with the movie being nominated for Best Picture at the 89th Academy Awards.","Katherine Johnson passed away on February 24, 2020 at the age of 101 at a retirement home in Newport News, Virginia. She was preceded in death by her second husband Jim Johnson in 2019, whom she married in 1959 after the death of her first husband in 1956. A memoir, My Remarkable Journey, co-written by Johnson and her daughters, Joylette Hylick and Katherine Moore, was published posthumously in 2021."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers, A\u0026amp;M 4536, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers, A\u0026M 4536, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Katherine G. Johnson. Includes assorted artifacts, family photographs, awards, honorary degrees, correspondence, and other material regarding the career and life of Katherine G. Johnson. The bulk of the collection is focused on material relating to the release of the 2016 film \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eHidden Figures\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e while other material details Katherine Johnson's early life and her family history. Such material includes news clippings, magazine articles, and fan mail to Katherine G. Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eIncludes framed awards, plaques, glass awards, honorary degrees, and other resolutions and recognitions granted to Katherine G. Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes materials related to Katherine G. Johnson, the film \u003cemph\u003eHidden Figures\u003c/emph\u003e, and general NASA publications. Types of material include newspaper clippings, magazine articles, pamphlets, program schedules, books, and copies of commencement speeches given by Johnson and others, among other items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials include digitized photographs on CDs, recorded interviews and ceremonies, as well as an atlas on CD-ROM.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes mostly fan mail to Katherine Johnson, with other items including personal and family correspondence, as well as writings related to event and award ceremonies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes family photographs, scrapbooks, Katherine Johnson's math tools and math book, and a Barbie doll of Katherine Johnson, among other items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains four plastic squares, one broken spiral mathemathical instrument, one intact spiral, and one small paper kit containing a variety of equipment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains two circle templates, one logarithmic spiral curve and booklet, one ellipse set, and two protractors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA significant portion of these photographs are of Katherine's maternal aunt, Lelia Lowe White, and her students at Langston High School in Danville, VA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes handwritten math textbook in the ledger for a business (possibly a pharmacy) owned by an ancestor of Katherine Johnson (likely Thomas H. Lowe) and several documents found inside the ledger, such as letters and a handwritten story. Other names listed in this material include Abraham North Lowe and Lee Lowe.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInvitation and program for the United States Congressional Gold Medal Ceremony in honor of Katherine Johnson, Dr. Christine Darden, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson, as well as the same for the National Aviation Hall of Fame's 60th Annual Enshrinement Dinner \u0026amp; Ceremony\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of Katherine G. Johnson. Includes assorted artifacts, family photographs, awards, honorary degrees, correspondence, and other material regarding the career and life of Katherine G. Johnson. The bulk of the collection is focused on material relating to the release of the 2016 film Hidden Figures while other material details Katherine Johnson's early life and her family history. Such material includes news clippings, magazine articles, and fan mail to Katherine G. Johnson.","Includes framed awards, plaques, glass awards, honorary degrees, and other resolutions and recognitions granted to Katherine G. Johnson.","Includes materials related to Katherine G. Johnson, the film Hidden Figures, and general NASA publications. Types of material include newspaper clippings, magazine articles, pamphlets, program schedules, books, and copies of commencement speeches given by Johnson and others, among other items.","Materials include digitized photographs on CDs, recorded interviews and ceremonies, as well as an atlas on CD-ROM.","Includes mostly fan mail to Katherine Johnson, with other items including personal and family correspondence, as well as writings related to event and award ceremonies.","Includes family photographs, scrapbooks, Katherine Johnson's math tools and math book, and a Barbie doll of Katherine Johnson, among other items.","Contains four plastic squares, one broken spiral mathemathical instrument, one intact spiral, and one small paper kit containing a variety of equipment.","Contains two circle templates, one logarithmic spiral curve and booklet, one ellipse set, and two protractors.","A significant portion of these photographs are of Katherine's maternal aunt, Lelia Lowe White, and her students at Langston High School in Danville, VA.","Includes handwritten math textbook in the ledger for a business (possibly a pharmacy) owned by an ancestor of Katherine Johnson (likely Thomas H. Lowe) and several documents found inside the ledger, such as letters and a handwritten story. Other names listed in this material include Abraham North Lowe and Lee Lowe.","Invitation and program for the United States Congressional Gold Medal Ceremony in honor of Katherine Johnson, Dr. Christine Darden, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson, as well as the same for the National Aviation Hall of Fame's 60th Annual Enshrinement Dinner \u0026 Ceremony"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. Copyright for photographs of Katherine Johnson for Vanity Fair magazine is not owned by the West Virginia and Regional History Center. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. Copyright for photographs of Katherine Johnson for Vanity Fair magazine is not owned by the West Virginia and Regional History Center. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_8e0ff43f3887e0be43707b95c6c03073\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":135,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:59:29.663Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6907","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6907","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6907","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6907","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_6907.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/209608","title_ssm":["Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers"],"title_tesim":["Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1800-2024","2016-2021"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1800-2024"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["2016-2021"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1800/2024, bulk 2016/2021"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers, 1800/2024, bulk 2016/2021"],"text":["Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers, 1800/2024, bulk 2016/2021","A\u0026M 4536","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6907","Women -- United States -- History","African Americans","Mathematics","No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department.","Katherine Goble Johnson was born in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia on August 26, 1918. Born Creola Katherine Coleman to parents Joylette Roberta and Joshua McKinley Coleman, she was the youngest of four children. Excelling at mathematics from an early age, Katherine and her family moved to Institute, West Virginia in order for Katherine to attend high school on the campus of West Virginia State University (WVSU). Graduating from high school at the age of 14, Johnson immediately enrolled at WVSU to pursue higher education. At the age of 18 she graduated summa cum laude in 1937 with a double major in mathematics and French. Finding few opportunities for an African-American teenage mathematician she eventually took a job as a schoolteacher in Marion, Virginia.","After marrying her first husband, James Goble, in 1939 Katherine was selected by the president of WVSU to be one of three African Americans to integrate West Virginia University (WVU) following Governor Homer Holt's decision to desegregate public graduate schools in West Virginia. Becoming the first African-American woman to be accepted into WVU's graduate program, Johnson withdrew from classes after discovering she was pregnant, settling into motherhood and her career as a teacher over the next decade.","In 1952, after hearing from a relative about jobs working with the all-black West Area computing section at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Langley laboratory under the instruction of fellow West Virginian Dorothy Vaughan, Katherine and James moved to Newport News, Virginia and Johnson began working at Langley in the summer of 1953. First assigned to a project in the Maneuver Loads Branch of the Flight Research Division, her temporary position quickly turned permanent.","Johnson helped provide some of the math for the 1958 document Notes on Space Technology. As NACA transformed in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Johnson continued to provide groundbreaking work including trajectory analysis for the 1961 Freedom 7 mission with Alan Shepard, America's first human spaceflight. Her and engineer Ted Skopinski's Determination of Azimuth Angle at Burnout for Placing a Satellite Over a Selected Earth Position was the first time a woman in the Flight Research Division received credit as an author of a research report.","Over the course of her career with NASA Johnson assisted with a variety of pioneering space flight missions. She verified the flight plan of John Glenn prior to his historic orbit of the Earth in 1961, in 1969 she was part of the team that calculated where and when to launch the rocket for the Apollo 11 mission that sent the first humans to the Moon, as well as working on the space shuttle program, and authoring/coauthoring 26 research reports. Katherine Johnson retired from NASA in 1986 after 33 years at the Langley facility.","Over the years Johnson received numerous awards and recognitions for her contributions to space flight. In 2015, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama, the highest civilian award in the United States. In 2016, NASA named the Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility after her. Also in 2016, Margot Lee Shetterly published Hidden Figures: The American Dream and The Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race, a book about the West Area computers, including Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson. A film based on the book and having the same title was released that same year with the movie being nominated for Best Picture at the 89th Academy Awards.","Katherine Johnson passed away on February 24, 2020 at the age of 101 at a retirement home in Newport News, Virginia. She was preceded in death by her second husband Jim Johnson in 2019, whom she married in 1959 after the death of her first husband in 1956. A memoir, My Remarkable Journey, co-written by Johnson and her daughters, Joylette Hylick and Katherine Moore, was published posthumously in 2021.","Papers of Katherine G. Johnson. Includes assorted artifacts, family photographs, awards, honorary degrees, correspondence, and other material regarding the career and life of Katherine G. Johnson. The bulk of the collection is focused on material relating to the release of the 2016 film Hidden Figures while other material details Katherine Johnson's early life and her family history. Such material includes news clippings, magazine articles, and fan mail to Katherine G. Johnson.","Includes framed awards, plaques, glass awards, honorary degrees, and other resolutions and recognitions granted to Katherine G. Johnson.","Includes materials related to Katherine G. Johnson, the film Hidden Figures, and general NASA publications. Types of material include newspaper clippings, magazine articles, pamphlets, program schedules, books, and copies of commencement speeches given by Johnson and others, among other items.","Materials include digitized photographs on CDs, recorded interviews and ceremonies, as well as an atlas on CD-ROM.","Includes mostly fan mail to Katherine Johnson, with other items including personal and family correspondence, as well as writings related to event and award ceremonies.","Includes family photographs, scrapbooks, Katherine Johnson's math tools and math book, and a Barbie doll of Katherine Johnson, among other items.","Contains four plastic squares, one broken spiral mathemathical instrument, one intact spiral, and one small paper kit containing a variety of equipment.","Contains two circle templates, one logarithmic spiral curve and booklet, one ellipse set, and two protractors.","A significant portion of these photographs are of Katherine's maternal aunt, Lelia Lowe White, and her students at Langston High School in Danville, VA.","Includes handwritten math textbook in the ledger for a business (possibly a pharmacy) owned by an ancestor of Katherine Johnson (likely Thomas H. Lowe) and several documents found inside the ledger, such as letters and a handwritten story. Other names listed in this material include Abraham North Lowe and Lee Lowe.","Invitation and program for the United States Congressional Gold Medal Ceremony in honor of Katherine Johnson, Dr. Christine Darden, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson, as well as the same for the National Aviation Hall of Fame's 60th Annual Enshrinement Dinner \u0026 Ceremony","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. Copyright for photographs of Katherine Johnson for Vanity Fair magazine is not owned by the West Virginia and Regional History Center. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers, 1800/2024, bulk 2016/2021"],"collection_ssim":["Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers, 1800/2024, bulk 2016/2021"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 4536","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6907"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 4536","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6907"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. Copyright for photographs of Katherine Johnson for Vanity Fair magazine is not owned by the West Virginia and Regional History Center. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Joylette G. Hylick and Katherine G. Moore, 2021-2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- United States -- History","African Americans","Mathematics"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- United States -- History","African Americans","Mathematics"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["11.89 Linear Feet 7 record cartons, 15 in. each; 1 flat storage box, 4 in.; 1 flat storage box, 3.5 in.; 7 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 2 flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each; 1 roll tube box, 4 in.; 3 unboxed items, 2.25 in. total","4.8 Gigabytes 448 files, formats include .jpg, .gif, .png, .pdf, .mp3, .ppt, .iso, .cue, .md5"],"extent_tesim":["11.89 Linear Feet 7 record cartons, 15 in. each; 1 flat storage box, 4 in.; 1 flat storage box, 3.5 in.; 7 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 2 flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each; 1 roll tube box, 4 in.; 3 unboxed items, 2.25 in. total","4.8 Gigabytes 448 files, formats include .jpg, .gif, .png, .pdf, .mp3, .ppt, .iso, .cue, .md5"],"date_range_isim":[1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the \u003ca href=\"https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKatherine Goble Johnson was born in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia on August 26, 1918. Born Creola Katherine Coleman to parents Joylette Roberta and Joshua McKinley Coleman, she was the youngest of four children. Excelling at mathematics from an early age, Katherine and her family moved to Institute, West Virginia in order for Katherine to attend high school on the campus of West Virginia State University (WVSU). Graduating from high school at the age of 14, Johnson immediately enrolled at WVSU to pursue higher education. At the age of 18 she graduated \u003cemph\u003esumma cum laude\u003c/emph\u003e in 1937 with a double major in mathematics and French. Finding few opportunities for an African-American teenage mathematician she eventually took a job as a schoolteacher in Marion, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter marrying her first husband, James Goble, in 1939 Katherine was selected by the president of WVSU to be one of three African Americans to integrate West Virginia University (WVU) following Governor Homer Holt's decision to desegregate public graduate schools in West Virginia. Becoming the first African-American woman to be accepted into WVU's graduate program, Johnson withdrew from classes after discovering she was pregnant, settling into motherhood and her career as a teacher over the next decade.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1952, after hearing from a relative about jobs working with the all-black West Area computing section at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Langley laboratory under the instruction of fellow West Virginian Dorothy Vaughan, Katherine and James moved to Newport News, Virginia and Johnson began working at Langley in the summer of 1953. First assigned to a project in the Maneuver Loads Branch of the Flight Research Division, her temporary position quickly turned permanent.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohnson helped provide some of the math for the 1958 document \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eNotes on Space Technology\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e. As NACA transformed in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Johnson continued to provide groundbreaking work including trajectory analysis for the 1961 Freedom 7 mission with Alan Shepard, America's first human spaceflight. Her and engineer Ted Skopinski's \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eDetermination of Azimuth Angle at Burnout for Placing a Satellite Over a Selected Earth Position\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e was the first time a woman in the Flight Research Division received credit as an author of a research report. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOver the course of her career with NASA Johnson assisted with a variety of pioneering space flight missions. She verified the flight plan of John Glenn prior to his historic orbit of the Earth in 1961, in 1969 she was part of the team that calculated where and when to launch the rocket for the Apollo 11 mission that sent the first humans to the Moon, as well as working on the space shuttle program, and authoring/coauthoring 26 research reports. Katherine Johnson retired from NASA in 1986 after 33 years at the Langley facility.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOver the years Johnson received numerous awards and recognitions for her contributions to space flight. In 2015, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama, the highest civilian award in the United States. In 2016, NASA named the Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility after her. Also in 2016, Margot Lee Shetterly published \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eHidden Figures: The American Dream and The Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e, a book about the West Area computers, including Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson. A film based on the book and having the same title was released that same year with the movie being nominated for Best Picture at the 89th Academy Awards.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKatherine Johnson passed away on February 24, 2020 at the age of 101 at a retirement home in Newport News, Virginia. She was preceded in death by her second husband Jim Johnson in 2019, whom she married in 1959 after the death of her first husband in 1956. A memoir, \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eMy Remarkable Journey\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e, co-written by Johnson and her daughters, Joylette Hylick and Katherine Moore, was published posthumously in 2021.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Katherine Goble Johnson was born in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia on August 26, 1918. Born Creola Katherine Coleman to parents Joylette Roberta and Joshua McKinley Coleman, she was the youngest of four children. Excelling at mathematics from an early age, Katherine and her family moved to Institute, West Virginia in order for Katherine to attend high school on the campus of West Virginia State University (WVSU). Graduating from high school at the age of 14, Johnson immediately enrolled at WVSU to pursue higher education. At the age of 18 she graduated summa cum laude in 1937 with a double major in mathematics and French. Finding few opportunities for an African-American teenage mathematician she eventually took a job as a schoolteacher in Marion, Virginia.","After marrying her first husband, James Goble, in 1939 Katherine was selected by the president of WVSU to be one of three African Americans to integrate West Virginia University (WVU) following Governor Homer Holt's decision to desegregate public graduate schools in West Virginia. Becoming the first African-American woman to be accepted into WVU's graduate program, Johnson withdrew from classes after discovering she was pregnant, settling into motherhood and her career as a teacher over the next decade.","In 1952, after hearing from a relative about jobs working with the all-black West Area computing section at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Langley laboratory under the instruction of fellow West Virginian Dorothy Vaughan, Katherine and James moved to Newport News, Virginia and Johnson began working at Langley in the summer of 1953. First assigned to a project in the Maneuver Loads Branch of the Flight Research Division, her temporary position quickly turned permanent.","Johnson helped provide some of the math for the 1958 document Notes on Space Technology. As NACA transformed in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Johnson continued to provide groundbreaking work including trajectory analysis for the 1961 Freedom 7 mission with Alan Shepard, America's first human spaceflight. Her and engineer Ted Skopinski's Determination of Azimuth Angle at Burnout for Placing a Satellite Over a Selected Earth Position was the first time a woman in the Flight Research Division received credit as an author of a research report.","Over the course of her career with NASA Johnson assisted with a variety of pioneering space flight missions. She verified the flight plan of John Glenn prior to his historic orbit of the Earth in 1961, in 1969 she was part of the team that calculated where and when to launch the rocket for the Apollo 11 mission that sent the first humans to the Moon, as well as working on the space shuttle program, and authoring/coauthoring 26 research reports. Katherine Johnson retired from NASA in 1986 after 33 years at the Langley facility.","Over the years Johnson received numerous awards and recognitions for her contributions to space flight. In 2015, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama, the highest civilian award in the United States. In 2016, NASA named the Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility after her. Also in 2016, Margot Lee Shetterly published Hidden Figures: The American Dream and The Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race, a book about the West Area computers, including Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson. A film based on the book and having the same title was released that same year with the movie being nominated for Best Picture at the 89th Academy Awards.","Katherine Johnson passed away on February 24, 2020 at the age of 101 at a retirement home in Newport News, Virginia. She was preceded in death by her second husband Jim Johnson in 2019, whom she married in 1959 after the death of her first husband in 1956. A memoir, My Remarkable Journey, co-written by Johnson and her daughters, Joylette Hylick and Katherine Moore, was published posthumously in 2021."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers, A\u0026amp;M 4536, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers, A\u0026M 4536, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Katherine G. Johnson. Includes assorted artifacts, family photographs, awards, honorary degrees, correspondence, and other material regarding the career and life of Katherine G. Johnson. The bulk of the collection is focused on material relating to the release of the 2016 film \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eHidden Figures\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e while other material details Katherine Johnson's early life and her family history. Such material includes news clippings, magazine articles, and fan mail to Katherine G. Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eIncludes framed awards, plaques, glass awards, honorary degrees, and other resolutions and recognitions granted to Katherine G. Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes materials related to Katherine G. Johnson, the film \u003cemph\u003eHidden Figures\u003c/emph\u003e, and general NASA publications. Types of material include newspaper clippings, magazine articles, pamphlets, program schedules, books, and copies of commencement speeches given by Johnson and others, among other items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials include digitized photographs on CDs, recorded interviews and ceremonies, as well as an atlas on CD-ROM.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes mostly fan mail to Katherine Johnson, with other items including personal and family correspondence, as well as writings related to event and award ceremonies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes family photographs, scrapbooks, Katherine Johnson's math tools and math book, and a Barbie doll of Katherine Johnson, among other items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains four plastic squares, one broken spiral mathemathical instrument, one intact spiral, and one small paper kit containing a variety of equipment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains two circle templates, one logarithmic spiral curve and booklet, one ellipse set, and two protractors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA significant portion of these photographs are of Katherine's maternal aunt, Lelia Lowe White, and her students at Langston High School in Danville, VA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes handwritten math textbook in the ledger for a business (possibly a pharmacy) owned by an ancestor of Katherine Johnson (likely Thomas H. Lowe) and several documents found inside the ledger, such as letters and a handwritten story. Other names listed in this material include Abraham North Lowe and Lee Lowe.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInvitation and program for the United States Congressional Gold Medal Ceremony in honor of Katherine Johnson, Dr. Christine Darden, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson, as well as the same for the National Aviation Hall of Fame's 60th Annual Enshrinement Dinner \u0026amp; Ceremony\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of Katherine G. Johnson. Includes assorted artifacts, family photographs, awards, honorary degrees, correspondence, and other material regarding the career and life of Katherine G. Johnson. The bulk of the collection is focused on material relating to the release of the 2016 film Hidden Figures while other material details Katherine Johnson's early life and her family history. Such material includes news clippings, magazine articles, and fan mail to Katherine G. Johnson.","Includes framed awards, plaques, glass awards, honorary degrees, and other resolutions and recognitions granted to Katherine G. Johnson.","Includes materials related to Katherine G. Johnson, the film Hidden Figures, and general NASA publications. Types of material include newspaper clippings, magazine articles, pamphlets, program schedules, books, and copies of commencement speeches given by Johnson and others, among other items.","Materials include digitized photographs on CDs, recorded interviews and ceremonies, as well as an atlas on CD-ROM.","Includes mostly fan mail to Katherine Johnson, with other items including personal and family correspondence, as well as writings related to event and award ceremonies.","Includes family photographs, scrapbooks, Katherine Johnson's math tools and math book, and a Barbie doll of Katherine Johnson, among other items.","Contains four plastic squares, one broken spiral mathemathical instrument, one intact spiral, and one small paper kit containing a variety of equipment.","Contains two circle templates, one logarithmic spiral curve and booklet, one ellipse set, and two protractors.","A significant portion of these photographs are of Katherine's maternal aunt, Lelia Lowe White, and her students at Langston High School in Danville, VA.","Includes handwritten math textbook in the ledger for a business (possibly a pharmacy) owned by an ancestor of Katherine Johnson (likely Thomas H. Lowe) and several documents found inside the ledger, such as letters and a handwritten story. Other names listed in this material include Abraham North Lowe and Lee Lowe.","Invitation and program for the United States Congressional Gold Medal Ceremony in honor of Katherine Johnson, Dr. Christine Darden, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson, as well as the same for the National Aviation Hall of Fame's 60th Annual Enshrinement Dinner \u0026 Ceremony"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. Copyright for photographs of Katherine Johnson for Vanity Fair magazine is not owned by the West Virginia and Regional History Center. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. Copyright for photographs of Katherine Johnson for Vanity Fair magazine is not owned by the West Virginia and Regional History Center. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_8e0ff43f3887e0be43707b95c6c03073\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":135,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:59:29.663Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6907"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2317","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Leonard Born Papers, 1924/1985","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2317#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Born, Leonard L.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2317#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes papers written by Born during the course of his attendance at William \u0026amp; Mary, mainly for English classes. There is also correspondence from 1985 and loose pages from a photo album believed to have been assembled by Born, while a student at William \u0026amp; Mary. The contents are primarily photographs of campus and Williamsburg area from the 1926-1927. Additional photographs relate to life in rural, early twentieth century Virginia, the Newport News Shipyard, Carter's Grove Plantation, and the myths of Blackbeard. Also includes some photographs of locations outside of Williamsburg such as Mount Vernon and New York City.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2317#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2317","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2317","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2317","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2317","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_2317.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Born, Leonard L. Papers","title_ssm":["Leonard Born Papers"],"title_tesim":["Leonard Born Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1924-1927, 1985"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1924-1927, 1985"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1924/1985"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Leonard Born Papers, 1924/1985"],"text":["Leonard Born Papers, 1924/1985","UA 5.048","/repositories/2/resources/2317","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Photographs","Yorktown (Va.)--History--20th century","Jamestown (Va.)--History--20th century","African Americans","College of William and Mary--History--20th century","College of William and Mary--Students--Social life and customs","Course work","Photographs","Reminiscences","This collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Leonard L. Born was a student at William and Mary from 1923-1927.","A portion of this collection was removed from the University Archives Faculty-Alumni File Collection in 2016.","The collection includes papers written by Born during the course of his attendance at William \u0026 Mary, mainly for English classes.  There is also correspondence from 1985 and loose pages from a photo album believed to have been assembled by Born, while a student at William \u0026 Mary. The contents are primarily photographs of campus and Williamsburg area from the 1926-1927. Additional photographs relate to life in rural, early twentieth century Virginia, the Newport News Shipyard, Carter's Grove Plantation, and the myths of Blackbeard. Also includes some photographs of locations outside of Williamsburg such as Mount Vernon and New York City.","Also added is the typescript for his article published in The Alumni Gazette in May, 1968 titled \"The College Then: 'To see what 40 years had wrought' [An alumnus reminisces on the late 20s].\"  Also contains personal letters received from European and American institutions and others regarding his travels and research interests in Europe and in the architecture and history of William \u0026 Mary, and his particular interest in an Irish well cover of St. Patrick's.  There is also a 1985 letter from Exxon Company, U.S.A., denying Mr. Born's proposal to mine iron ore and coal in Columbia.","Subjects: canoeing in the college creek, Navy vessels rotting in the James River, African American grist mill worker at the grist mill by Lake Matoaka, Carter's Grove Plantation, Johnny Ayers, Charlie Werblow, Bruton Parish Church, Leonard pictured inside his room in Monroe Hall, \"Towncryers\" costumed in 18th century period clothing selling issues of the Virginia Gazette along the Palace Green, Leonard at Jamestown Island, M. Mogquin in a carriage operated by an African American man, President and Mrs. Calvin Coolidge in a car, original Lord Botetourt statue, Lake Matoaka, a chimney described as \"last of the old plantation,\" and African American workers (labeled \"negroes\") building the wall around campus.","Subjects include Alice Van der Noot, original Lord Botetourt statue, grain elevator on the Chesapeake, Born's mother, \"view from my room\" at W\u0026M, \"Fein taking nap,\" football game versus Wake Forest, family at Mt. Vernon (Virginia), and the Cloisters Museum in New York City.","Subjects include: a ship loading coal in Newport News - \"Notice invertible electric coal cars on tressel and shoots into hold,\" loading coal in Norfolk, Cloisters Museum in New York City, two kids riding a horse to school in Williamsburg, old mulberry trees opposite Peyton Randolph House, Lawrence, Jasie, Evelyn Brenner and Naomi Berlin, Niagara Falls, ruins of Porto Bello (remains of one of Blackbeard's watch towers), Bob Arkush and a hydroplane in Lake George, NY, Jamestown Island caretaker's house with 2 women and cars, Carter's Grove, Jamestown","Subjects include \"Blackbeard's Castle\" at Porto Bello, Lee Berendt in Riverside Park, NY, parade preceeding President Coolidge into Williamsburg, \"Fein at Jamestown,\" views of the old prison in Williamsburg, unidentified girl in New York park, Newport News Shipyard, \"Helene and mother,\" Leonard in Monroe Hall room 117, Joe Klamon (Economics professor), and the Binder-Berlin families of Norfolk.","Subjects include the York River, Washington's Tomb at Mt. Vernon, Leonard in his graduation cap and gown, \"sticks of Virginia,\" \"a negro hut,\" \"some negros with their horse,\" view from the window of the Hechsher Building in New York City, a candy vendor in New York City, Mt. Vernon, view from college dorm showing original Phi Beta Kappa Hall (now Ewell) and Jefferson Hall, W\u0026M President's House, winter on campus (Historic Campus buildings), M. Mouquin in a carriage operated by an African American man with Lafayette's House in the background, view from the Wren Building, Monroe Hall, and Kappa Alpha House.","Subjects include Lake Matoaka, Leonard at a deserted farmhouse on the York River, Cedar Grove Cemetery, the tree on which Blackbeard was said to be hanged, Helene Born, turkeys and chickens, W\u0026M women's field hockey match versus Georgetown with Barret Hall under construction in the background, and the  Yorktown Surrender Memorial (erected c. 1905-1907, removed 1934, located near the national cemetery).","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Born, Leonard L.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Leonard Born Papers, 1924/1985"],"collection_ssim":["Leonard Born Papers, 1924/1985"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UA 5.048","/repositories/2/resources/2317"],"unitid_tesim":["UA 5.048","/repositories/2/resources/2317"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Photographs","Yorktown (Va.)--History--20th century","Jamestown (Va.)--History--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Photographs","Yorktown (Va.)--History--20th century","Jamestown (Va.)--History--20th century"],"places_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Photographs","Yorktown (Va.)--History--20th century","Jamestown (Va.)--History--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Born, Leonard L."],"creator_ssim":["Born, Leonard L."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Born, Leonard L."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae"],"creators_ssim":["Born, Leonard L.","Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acc. 1988.66 was received on 3/24/1988."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans","College of William and Mary--History--20th century","College of William and Mary--Students--Social life and customs","Course work","Photographs","Reminiscences"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans","College of William and Mary--History--20th century","College of William and Mary--Students--Social life and customs","Course work","Photographs","Reminiscences"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Course work","Photographs","Reminiscences"],"date_range_isim":[1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLeonard L. Born was a student at William and Mary from 1923-1927.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Leonard L. Born was a student at William and Mary from 1923-1927."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA portion of this collection was removed from the University Archives Faculty-Alumni File Collection in 2016.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History:"],"custodhist_tesim":["A portion of this collection was removed from the University Archives Faculty-Alumni File Collection in 2016."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLeonard L. Born Papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Leonard L. Born Papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes papers written by Born during the course of his attendance at William \u0026amp; Mary, mainly for English classes.  There is also correspondence from 1985 and loose pages from a photo album believed to have been assembled by Born, while a student at William \u0026amp; Mary. The contents are primarily photographs of campus and Williamsburg area from the 1926-1927. Additional photographs relate to life in rural, early twentieth century Virginia, the Newport News Shipyard, Carter's Grove Plantation, and the myths of Blackbeard. Also includes some photographs of locations outside of Williamsburg such as Mount Vernon and New York City.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso added is the typescript for his article published in The Alumni Gazette in May, 1968 titled \"The College Then: 'To see what 40 years had wrought' [An alumnus reminisces on the late 20s].\"  Also contains personal letters received from European and American institutions and others regarding his travels and research interests in Europe and in the architecture and history of William \u0026amp; Mary, and his particular interest in an Irish well cover of St. Patrick's.  There is also a 1985 letter from Exxon Company, U.S.A., denying Mr. Born's proposal to mine iron ore and coal in Columbia.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSubjects: canoeing in the college creek, Navy vessels rotting in the James River, African American grist mill worker at the grist mill by Lake Matoaka, Carter's Grove Plantation, Johnny Ayers, Charlie Werblow, Bruton Parish Church, Leonard pictured inside his room in Monroe Hall, \"Towncryers\" costumed in 18th century period clothing selling issues of the \u003ctitle\u003eVirginia Gazette\u003c/title\u003e along the Palace Green, Leonard at Jamestown Island, M. Mogquin in a carriage operated by an African American man, President and Mrs. Calvin Coolidge in a car, original Lord Botetourt statue, Lake Matoaka, a chimney described as \"last of the old plantation,\" and African American workers (labeled \"negroes\") building the wall around campus.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include Alice Van der Noot, original Lord Botetourt statue, grain elevator on the Chesapeake, Born's mother, \"view from my room\" at W\u0026amp;M, \"Fein taking nap,\" football game versus Wake Forest, family at Mt. Vernon (Virginia), and the Cloisters Museum in New York City.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: a ship loading coal in Newport News - \"Notice invertible electric coal cars on tressel and shoots into hold,\" loading coal in Norfolk, Cloisters Museum in New York City, two kids riding a horse to school in Williamsburg, old mulberry trees opposite Peyton Randolph House, Lawrence, Jasie, Evelyn Brenner and Naomi Berlin, Niagara Falls, ruins of Porto Bello (remains of one of Blackbeard's watch towers), Bob Arkush and a hydroplane in Lake George, NY, Jamestown Island caretaker's house with 2 women and cars, Carter's Grove, Jamestown\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include \"Blackbeard's Castle\" at Porto Bello, Lee Berendt in Riverside Park, NY, parade preceeding President Coolidge into Williamsburg, \"Fein at Jamestown,\" views of the old prison in Williamsburg, unidentified girl in New York park, Newport News Shipyard, \"Helene and mother,\" Leonard in Monroe Hall room 117, Joe Klamon (Economics professor), and the Binder-Berlin families of Norfolk.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include the York River, Washington's Tomb at Mt. Vernon, Leonard in his graduation cap and gown, \"sticks of Virginia,\" \"a negro hut,\" \"some negros with their horse,\" view from the window of the Hechsher Building in New York City, a candy vendor in New York City, Mt. Vernon, view from college dorm showing original Phi Beta Kappa Hall (now Ewell) and Jefferson Hall, W\u0026amp;M President's House, winter on campus (Historic Campus buildings), M. Mouquin in a carriage operated by an African American man with Lafayette's House in the background, view from the Wren Building, Monroe Hall, and Kappa Alpha House.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include Lake Matoaka, Leonard at a deserted farmhouse on the York River, Cedar Grove Cemetery, the tree on which Blackbeard was said to be hanged, Helene Born, turkeys and chickens, W\u0026amp;M women's field hockey match versus Georgetown with Barret Hall under construction in the background, and the  Yorktown Surrender Memorial (erected c. 1905-1907, removed 1934, located near the national cemetery).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes papers written by Born during the course of his attendance at William \u0026 Mary, mainly for English classes.  There is also correspondence from 1985 and loose pages from a photo album believed to have been assembled by Born, while a student at William \u0026 Mary. The contents are primarily photographs of campus and Williamsburg area from the 1926-1927. Additional photographs relate to life in rural, early twentieth century Virginia, the Newport News Shipyard, Carter's Grove Plantation, and the myths of Blackbeard. Also includes some photographs of locations outside of Williamsburg such as Mount Vernon and New York City.","Also added is the typescript for his article published in The Alumni Gazette in May, 1968 titled \"The College Then: 'To see what 40 years had wrought' [An alumnus reminisces on the late 20s].\"  Also contains personal letters received from European and American institutions and others regarding his travels and research interests in Europe and in the architecture and history of William \u0026 Mary, and his particular interest in an Irish well cover of St. Patrick's.  There is also a 1985 letter from Exxon Company, U.S.A., denying Mr. Born's proposal to mine iron ore and coal in Columbia.","Subjects: canoeing in the college creek, Navy vessels rotting in the James River, African American grist mill worker at the grist mill by Lake Matoaka, Carter's Grove Plantation, Johnny Ayers, Charlie Werblow, Bruton Parish Church, Leonard pictured inside his room in Monroe Hall, \"Towncryers\" costumed in 18th century period clothing selling issues of the Virginia Gazette along the Palace Green, Leonard at Jamestown Island, M. Mogquin in a carriage operated by an African American man, President and Mrs. Calvin Coolidge in a car, original Lord Botetourt statue, Lake Matoaka, a chimney described as \"last of the old plantation,\" and African American workers (labeled \"negroes\") building the wall around campus.","Subjects include Alice Van der Noot, original Lord Botetourt statue, grain elevator on the Chesapeake, Born's mother, \"view from my room\" at W\u0026M, \"Fein taking nap,\" football game versus Wake Forest, family at Mt. Vernon (Virginia), and the Cloisters Museum in New York City.","Subjects include: a ship loading coal in Newport News - \"Notice invertible electric coal cars on tressel and shoots into hold,\" loading coal in Norfolk, Cloisters Museum in New York City, two kids riding a horse to school in Williamsburg, old mulberry trees opposite Peyton Randolph House, Lawrence, Jasie, Evelyn Brenner and Naomi Berlin, Niagara Falls, ruins of Porto Bello (remains of one of Blackbeard's watch towers), Bob Arkush and a hydroplane in Lake George, NY, Jamestown Island caretaker's house with 2 women and cars, Carter's Grove, Jamestown","Subjects include \"Blackbeard's Castle\" at Porto Bello, Lee Berendt in Riverside Park, NY, parade preceeding President Coolidge into Williamsburg, \"Fein at Jamestown,\" views of the old prison in Williamsburg, unidentified girl in New York park, Newport News Shipyard, \"Helene and mother,\" Leonard in Monroe Hall room 117, Joe Klamon (Economics professor), and the Binder-Berlin families of Norfolk.","Subjects include the York River, Washington's Tomb at Mt. Vernon, Leonard in his graduation cap and gown, \"sticks of Virginia,\" \"a negro hut,\" \"some negros with their horse,\" view from the window of the Hechsher Building in New York City, a candy vendor in New York City, Mt. Vernon, view from college dorm showing original Phi Beta Kappa Hall (now Ewell) and Jefferson Hall, W\u0026M President's House, winter on campus (Historic Campus buildings), M. Mouquin in a carriage operated by an African American man with Lafayette's House in the background, view from the Wren Building, Monroe Hall, and Kappa Alpha House.","Subjects include Lake Matoaka, Leonard at a deserted farmhouse on the York River, Cedar Grove Cemetery, the tree on which Blackbeard was said to be hanged, Helene Born, turkeys and chickens, W\u0026M women's field hockey match versus Georgetown with Barret Hall under construction in the background, and the  Yorktown Surrender Memorial (erected c. 1905-1907, removed 1934, located near the national cemetery)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae"],"names_coll_ssim":["College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae"],"persname_ssim":["Born, Leonard L."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Born, Leonard L."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":12,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:42:20.276Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2317","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2317","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2317","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2317","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_2317.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Born, Leonard L. Papers","title_ssm":["Leonard Born Papers"],"title_tesim":["Leonard Born Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1924-1927, 1985"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1924-1927, 1985"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1924/1985"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Leonard Born Papers, 1924/1985"],"text":["Leonard Born Papers, 1924/1985","UA 5.048","/repositories/2/resources/2317","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Photographs","Yorktown (Va.)--History--20th century","Jamestown (Va.)--History--20th century","African Americans","College of William and Mary--History--20th century","College of William and Mary--Students--Social life and customs","Course work","Photographs","Reminiscences","This collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Leonard L. Born was a student at William and Mary from 1923-1927.","A portion of this collection was removed from the University Archives Faculty-Alumni File Collection in 2016.","The collection includes papers written by Born during the course of his attendance at William \u0026 Mary, mainly for English classes.  There is also correspondence from 1985 and loose pages from a photo album believed to have been assembled by Born, while a student at William \u0026 Mary. The contents are primarily photographs of campus and Williamsburg area from the 1926-1927. Additional photographs relate to life in rural, early twentieth century Virginia, the Newport News Shipyard, Carter's Grove Plantation, and the myths of Blackbeard. Also includes some photographs of locations outside of Williamsburg such as Mount Vernon and New York City.","Also added is the typescript for his article published in The Alumni Gazette in May, 1968 titled \"The College Then: 'To see what 40 years had wrought' [An alumnus reminisces on the late 20s].\"  Also contains personal letters received from European and American institutions and others regarding his travels and research interests in Europe and in the architecture and history of William \u0026 Mary, and his particular interest in an Irish well cover of St. Patrick's.  There is also a 1985 letter from Exxon Company, U.S.A., denying Mr. Born's proposal to mine iron ore and coal in Columbia.","Subjects: canoeing in the college creek, Navy vessels rotting in the James River, African American grist mill worker at the grist mill by Lake Matoaka, Carter's Grove Plantation, Johnny Ayers, Charlie Werblow, Bruton Parish Church, Leonard pictured inside his room in Monroe Hall, \"Towncryers\" costumed in 18th century period clothing selling issues of the Virginia Gazette along the Palace Green, Leonard at Jamestown Island, M. Mogquin in a carriage operated by an African American man, President and Mrs. Calvin Coolidge in a car, original Lord Botetourt statue, Lake Matoaka, a chimney described as \"last of the old plantation,\" and African American workers (labeled \"negroes\") building the wall around campus.","Subjects include Alice Van der Noot, original Lord Botetourt statue, grain elevator on the Chesapeake, Born's mother, \"view from my room\" at W\u0026M, \"Fein taking nap,\" football game versus Wake Forest, family at Mt. Vernon (Virginia), and the Cloisters Museum in New York City.","Subjects include: a ship loading coal in Newport News - \"Notice invertible electric coal cars on tressel and shoots into hold,\" loading coal in Norfolk, Cloisters Museum in New York City, two kids riding a horse to school in Williamsburg, old mulberry trees opposite Peyton Randolph House, Lawrence, Jasie, Evelyn Brenner and Naomi Berlin, Niagara Falls, ruins of Porto Bello (remains of one of Blackbeard's watch towers), Bob Arkush and a hydroplane in Lake George, NY, Jamestown Island caretaker's house with 2 women and cars, Carter's Grove, Jamestown","Subjects include \"Blackbeard's Castle\" at Porto Bello, Lee Berendt in Riverside Park, NY, parade preceeding President Coolidge into Williamsburg, \"Fein at Jamestown,\" views of the old prison in Williamsburg, unidentified girl in New York park, Newport News Shipyard, \"Helene and mother,\" Leonard in Monroe Hall room 117, Joe Klamon (Economics professor), and the Binder-Berlin families of Norfolk.","Subjects include the York River, Washington's Tomb at Mt. Vernon, Leonard in his graduation cap and gown, \"sticks of Virginia,\" \"a negro hut,\" \"some negros with their horse,\" view from the window of the Hechsher Building in New York City, a candy vendor in New York City, Mt. Vernon, view from college dorm showing original Phi Beta Kappa Hall (now Ewell) and Jefferson Hall, W\u0026M President's House, winter on campus (Historic Campus buildings), M. Mouquin in a carriage operated by an African American man with Lafayette's House in the background, view from the Wren Building, Monroe Hall, and Kappa Alpha House.","Subjects include Lake Matoaka, Leonard at a deserted farmhouse on the York River, Cedar Grove Cemetery, the tree on which Blackbeard was said to be hanged, Helene Born, turkeys and chickens, W\u0026M women's field hockey match versus Georgetown with Barret Hall under construction in the background, and the  Yorktown Surrender Memorial (erected c. 1905-1907, removed 1934, located near the national cemetery).","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Born, Leonard L.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Leonard Born Papers, 1924/1985"],"collection_ssim":["Leonard Born Papers, 1924/1985"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UA 5.048","/repositories/2/resources/2317"],"unitid_tesim":["UA 5.048","/repositories/2/resources/2317"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Photographs","Yorktown (Va.)--History--20th century","Jamestown (Va.)--History--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Photographs","Yorktown (Va.)--History--20th century","Jamestown (Va.)--History--20th century"],"places_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Photographs","Yorktown (Va.)--History--20th century","Jamestown (Va.)--History--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Born, Leonard L."],"creator_ssim":["Born, Leonard L."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Born, Leonard L."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae"],"creators_ssim":["Born, Leonard L.","Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acc. 1988.66 was received on 3/24/1988."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans","College of William and Mary--History--20th century","College of William and Mary--Students--Social life and customs","Course work","Photographs","Reminiscences"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans","College of William and Mary--History--20th century","College of William and Mary--Students--Social life and customs","Course work","Photographs","Reminiscences"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Course work","Photographs","Reminiscences"],"date_range_isim":[1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLeonard L. Born was a student at William and Mary from 1923-1927.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Leonard L. Born was a student at William and Mary from 1923-1927."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA portion of this collection was removed from the University Archives Faculty-Alumni File Collection in 2016.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History:"],"custodhist_tesim":["A portion of this collection was removed from the University Archives Faculty-Alumni File Collection in 2016."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLeonard L. Born Papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Leonard L. Born Papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes papers written by Born during the course of his attendance at William \u0026amp; Mary, mainly for English classes.  There is also correspondence from 1985 and loose pages from a photo album believed to have been assembled by Born, while a student at William \u0026amp; Mary. The contents are primarily photographs of campus and Williamsburg area from the 1926-1927. Additional photographs relate to life in rural, early twentieth century Virginia, the Newport News Shipyard, Carter's Grove Plantation, and the myths of Blackbeard. Also includes some photographs of locations outside of Williamsburg such as Mount Vernon and New York City.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso added is the typescript for his article published in The Alumni Gazette in May, 1968 titled \"The College Then: 'To see what 40 years had wrought' [An alumnus reminisces on the late 20s].\"  Also contains personal letters received from European and American institutions and others regarding his travels and research interests in Europe and in the architecture and history of William \u0026amp; Mary, and his particular interest in an Irish well cover of St. Patrick's.  There is also a 1985 letter from Exxon Company, U.S.A., denying Mr. Born's proposal to mine iron ore and coal in Columbia.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSubjects: canoeing in the college creek, Navy vessels rotting in the James River, African American grist mill worker at the grist mill by Lake Matoaka, Carter's Grove Plantation, Johnny Ayers, Charlie Werblow, Bruton Parish Church, Leonard pictured inside his room in Monroe Hall, \"Towncryers\" costumed in 18th century period clothing selling issues of the \u003ctitle\u003eVirginia Gazette\u003c/title\u003e along the Palace Green, Leonard at Jamestown Island, M. Mogquin in a carriage operated by an African American man, President and Mrs. Calvin Coolidge in a car, original Lord Botetourt statue, Lake Matoaka, a chimney described as \"last of the old plantation,\" and African American workers (labeled \"negroes\") building the wall around campus.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include Alice Van der Noot, original Lord Botetourt statue, grain elevator on the Chesapeake, Born's mother, \"view from my room\" at W\u0026amp;M, \"Fein taking nap,\" football game versus Wake Forest, family at Mt. Vernon (Virginia), and the Cloisters Museum in New York City.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: a ship loading coal in Newport News - \"Notice invertible electric coal cars on tressel and shoots into hold,\" loading coal in Norfolk, Cloisters Museum in New York City, two kids riding a horse to school in Williamsburg, old mulberry trees opposite Peyton Randolph House, Lawrence, Jasie, Evelyn Brenner and Naomi Berlin, Niagara Falls, ruins of Porto Bello (remains of one of Blackbeard's watch towers), Bob Arkush and a hydroplane in Lake George, NY, Jamestown Island caretaker's house with 2 women and cars, Carter's Grove, Jamestown\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include \"Blackbeard's Castle\" at Porto Bello, Lee Berendt in Riverside Park, NY, parade preceeding President Coolidge into Williamsburg, \"Fein at Jamestown,\" views of the old prison in Williamsburg, unidentified girl in New York park, Newport News Shipyard, \"Helene and mother,\" Leonard in Monroe Hall room 117, Joe Klamon (Economics professor), and the Binder-Berlin families of Norfolk.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include the York River, Washington's Tomb at Mt. Vernon, Leonard in his graduation cap and gown, \"sticks of Virginia,\" \"a negro hut,\" \"some negros with their horse,\" view from the window of the Hechsher Building in New York City, a candy vendor in New York City, Mt. Vernon, view from college dorm showing original Phi Beta Kappa Hall (now Ewell) and Jefferson Hall, W\u0026amp;M President's House, winter on campus (Historic Campus buildings), M. Mouquin in a carriage operated by an African American man with Lafayette's House in the background, view from the Wren Building, Monroe Hall, and Kappa Alpha House.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include Lake Matoaka, Leonard at a deserted farmhouse on the York River, Cedar Grove Cemetery, the tree on which Blackbeard was said to be hanged, Helene Born, turkeys and chickens, W\u0026amp;M women's field hockey match versus Georgetown with Barret Hall under construction in the background, and the  Yorktown Surrender Memorial (erected c. 1905-1907, removed 1934, located near the national cemetery).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes papers written by Born during the course of his attendance at William \u0026 Mary, mainly for English classes.  There is also correspondence from 1985 and loose pages from a photo album believed to have been assembled by Born, while a student at William \u0026 Mary. The contents are primarily photographs of campus and Williamsburg area from the 1926-1927. Additional photographs relate to life in rural, early twentieth century Virginia, the Newport News Shipyard, Carter's Grove Plantation, and the myths of Blackbeard. Also includes some photographs of locations outside of Williamsburg such as Mount Vernon and New York City.","Also added is the typescript for his article published in The Alumni Gazette in May, 1968 titled \"The College Then: 'To see what 40 years had wrought' [An alumnus reminisces on the late 20s].\"  Also contains personal letters received from European and American institutions and others regarding his travels and research interests in Europe and in the architecture and history of William \u0026 Mary, and his particular interest in an Irish well cover of St. Patrick's.  There is also a 1985 letter from Exxon Company, U.S.A., denying Mr. Born's proposal to mine iron ore and coal in Columbia.","Subjects: canoeing in the college creek, Navy vessels rotting in the James River, African American grist mill worker at the grist mill by Lake Matoaka, Carter's Grove Plantation, Johnny Ayers, Charlie Werblow, Bruton Parish Church, Leonard pictured inside his room in Monroe Hall, \"Towncryers\" costumed in 18th century period clothing selling issues of the Virginia Gazette along the Palace Green, Leonard at Jamestown Island, M. Mogquin in a carriage operated by an African American man, President and Mrs. Calvin Coolidge in a car, original Lord Botetourt statue, Lake Matoaka, a chimney described as \"last of the old plantation,\" and African American workers (labeled \"negroes\") building the wall around campus.","Subjects include Alice Van der Noot, original Lord Botetourt statue, grain elevator on the Chesapeake, Born's mother, \"view from my room\" at W\u0026M, \"Fein taking nap,\" football game versus Wake Forest, family at Mt. Vernon (Virginia), and the Cloisters Museum in New York City.","Subjects include: a ship loading coal in Newport News - \"Notice invertible electric coal cars on tressel and shoots into hold,\" loading coal in Norfolk, Cloisters Museum in New York City, two kids riding a horse to school in Williamsburg, old mulberry trees opposite Peyton Randolph House, Lawrence, Jasie, Evelyn Brenner and Naomi Berlin, Niagara Falls, ruins of Porto Bello (remains of one of Blackbeard's watch towers), Bob Arkush and a hydroplane in Lake George, NY, Jamestown Island caretaker's house with 2 women and cars, Carter's Grove, Jamestown","Subjects include \"Blackbeard's Castle\" at Porto Bello, Lee Berendt in Riverside Park, NY, parade preceeding President Coolidge into Williamsburg, \"Fein at Jamestown,\" views of the old prison in Williamsburg, unidentified girl in New York park, Newport News Shipyard, \"Helene and mother,\" Leonard in Monroe Hall room 117, Joe Klamon (Economics professor), and the Binder-Berlin families of Norfolk.","Subjects include the York River, Washington's Tomb at Mt. Vernon, Leonard in his graduation cap and gown, \"sticks of Virginia,\" \"a negro hut,\" \"some negros with their horse,\" view from the window of the Hechsher Building in New York City, a candy vendor in New York City, Mt. Vernon, view from college dorm showing original Phi Beta Kappa Hall (now Ewell) and Jefferson Hall, W\u0026M President's House, winter on campus (Historic Campus buildings), M. Mouquin in a carriage operated by an African American man with Lafayette's House in the background, view from the Wren Building, Monroe Hall, and Kappa Alpha House.","Subjects include Lake Matoaka, Leonard at a deserted farmhouse on the York River, Cedar Grove Cemetery, the tree on which Blackbeard was said to be hanged, Helene Born, turkeys and chickens, W\u0026M women's field hockey match versus Georgetown with Barret Hall under construction in the background, and the  Yorktown Surrender Memorial (erected c. 1905-1907, removed 1934, located near the national cemetery)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae"],"names_coll_ssim":["College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae"],"persname_ssim":["Born, Leonard L."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Born, Leonard L."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":12,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:42:20.276Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2317"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_998","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Nydrie and Algoma related papers, 1890/1989","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_998#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of papers relating to Nydrie and Algoma, consisting chiefly of photographs and articles pertaining to the family homes of the Logan and Forsyth families. Included is a scrapbook of articles by Lily Logan Morrill.This collection contains material from around 1880, when the homes were built, to about 1960, when the Forsyth family, which owned \"Nydrie\" at the time, started a discussion about what to do with the house due to its dilapidated conditions. This collection focuses on two families, the Logans who owned \"Algoma,\" and the Forsyths who owned \"Nydrie.\" \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_998#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_998","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_998","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_998","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_998","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_998.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/120861","title_filing_ssi":"Nydrie and Algoma related papers","title_ssm":["Nydrie and Algoma related papers"],"title_tesim":["Nydrie and Algoma related papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1862-2003"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1862-2003"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1890/1989"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Nydrie and Algoma related papers, 1890/1989"],"text":["Nydrie and Algoma related papers, 1890/1989","MSS .14956","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/998","Nydrie--Dwelling","Algoma--Dwelling","Thomas Muldrup Logan, 1808-1876","African Americans","Scrapbooks","Black-and-white photographs","Fair to good.","This collection is open for research use.","This collection focuses on the two families that inhabited \"Nydrie,\" a farm located in Esmont, Virginia, and \"Algoma,\" a farm located in Buckingham County, Virginia.","\"Nydrie,\" located in Esmont, Virginia, was built in 1891 to resemble a Scottish castle and was owned by the Forsyth family. Members of this family include Harry Forsyth (1846-1902), a wealthy sugar broker who resided in Louisiana, and his wife, Sarah Rice Johnson Forsyth (1849-1920), their son, Douglas Forsyth (1875-1941), the children of Douglas Forsyth, Bucky Forsyth (1912-1980)and Sarah Forsyth Randolph (1912-1937), and various other family members.","The Forsyths were descended from William Forsyth (1812-1899), a conservative British member of parliament and lawyer who wrote several books about legal subjects. The land where the house was built was originally called the Tom Coles farm and was sold to the family in 1890. Douglas Forsyth eventually sold this mansion to Daniel Van Clief, a successful horse stud breeder, but it fell into disrepair and eventually was torn down in 1970. The Van Cliefs continued to own the land until 2008.","The \"Algoma farm,\" located in Buckingham, Virginia, was the summer home of Thomas Muldrup Logan and his family. Thomas Logan was a famous Confederate Brigadier General who served under Robert E. Lee, as well as a railway and business associate of John D. Rockefeller. About 1880, Thomas M. Logan bought the \"Hartsook Farm,\" and this land became the \"Algoma\" Farm. The \"Algoma Farm\" had several buildings on it including the \"Algoma\" house which was built in the 1880s, \"Axtell Academy,\" an educational school for women which was managed by his daughter Meta Cabell (1875-1904). The \"John Crews Farm\" was owned by Lena Logan (1879-1961), the wife of Douglas Forsyth, and \"Dungannon,\"  built as a summer home for Dr. H.D. Bruns and his wife, Katy Logan Bruns, was next to \"Algoma.\"","There is a book called the \"Algoma Log Book,\" deciphered by Elizabeth Scott, which gives an excellent record of the everyday activities of this house as well as the African Americans which worked for the family.","The link to the \"Algoma Log Book\" transcribed by Elizabeth Scott is:","https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zwWZLf51_snYjoOShPP7NcSh-dx6tZ49/view?usp=sharing","This folder contains images of Axtell Academy, which was a school for women, built in Buckingham County in 1892. General Logan wanted this school built for his daughters, so they would have a good education. His daughter, Meta Forsyth Cabell, eventually raning the school. One of the teachers at this school was Professor Irving Sale who was a University of Virginia graduate. The library of this school was incredibly advanced for its time with over 3,000 books.","This collection consists of papers relating to Nydrie and Algoma, consisting chiefly of photographs and articles pertaining to the family homes of the Logan and Forsyth families. Included is a scrapbook of articles by Lily Logan Morrill.This collection contains material from around 1880, when the homes were built, to about 1960, when the Forsyth family, which owned \"Nydrie\" at the time, started a discussion about what to do with the house due to its dilapidated conditions. This collection focuses on two families, the Logans who owned \"Algoma,\" and the Forsyths who owned \"Nydrie.\"","The papers consists of various photographs of the family, drawings, and newspaper clippings about Thomas Muldrup Logan, a Confederate Brigadier General who served under Robert E. Lee, photographs of Lily Morrill (1877-1944) who owned  \"Enniscorthy,\" and photographs of the \"Enniscorthy plantation\" in the 1800s.","Also present are photographs and news clippings about Lily Morrill's daughter Elizabeth Morrill Holladay (1909-1996), a pilot who helped ferry planes during WWII, news clippings and information about Axtell Academy, Buckingham County, Virginia, a school for women which was run by Meta Logan Cabell, the daughter of Thomas M. Logan, and five scrapbooks labeled A through E which hold photographs of the families, writings by Lily Morrill, as well as some photographs of African Americans. There are also various photographs throughout the collection of both the inside and outside of the \"Nydrie\" and \"Algoma\" houses, photographs of Lily Logan at graduation, and photographs of the Green Mountain Hunt Club .","Christmas cards to one of the families, containing images of \"Guthrie Hall,\" an historic mansion located in Esmont, Virginia, and a photograph of the Cliveden Astors.","This folder contains newspaper clippings about Thomas Muldrup Logan, including a newspaper clipping about Lena Logan Forsyth accepting honors for her father at the unveiling of the Washington Light Infantry Monument in Charleston, SC in 1891. There is also an article of Elizabeth Drake Morrill Holladay, a female pilot who ferried planes during WWII. This was a part of a female group of pilots called the 'Ninety-Nines.' Her second husband, Richard Fairfield Holladay, helped build the Albemarle Airport.","This folder contains photographs of the inside and outside of the Algoma house, dating from around 1890 until around 1980.  There is information about the farm with a diagram of how the farm was divided up and information about who had different areas of the farm. There is also an image of \"Dungannon,\" the house on the Algoma farm owned by Katy Logan Bruns, one of the daughters of Thomas M. Logan.","This folder contains various images of the inside and outside of Nydrie, including an article about Nydrie having fallen into disrepair and There is also a hand drawn image of Nydrie used on a flier attempting to sell materials from Nydrie.","\"Enniscorthy\" was a large plantation in Albemarle County originally owned by the Coles family who had business connections with Thomas Jefferson. Mr. and Ms. Morrill obtained the house in 1926. Lily Morrill completely restructured the garden, and it became well known in the area for its beauty.","This folder contains various images of the Forsyth and Logan family. There are various images of Sarah Johnson (Forsyth) Randolph getting married in 1937 at Christ Episcopal Church, Glendower, Albemarle County, Virginia. This church is one of the oldest Episcopal churches in St. Anne's Parish, Albemarle Virginia, and is recognized in the National Record of Historic Places. There are also various images of Sarah Rice Johnson Forsyth, Bucky Forsyth, Lily Logan Morrill, Albert Henry Morrill, T.M. Logan's daughters, and various other members of the family.","One thing to note is there is a photograph showing an African American woman holding the twins Sarah Forsyth Randolph and Bucky Forsyth. Her name is Rebecca Ward Jordan.","Page 1 and 2 of this scrapbook contain images of \"Clover Hill,\" and its cemetery, Chesterfield, Virginia, a famous plantation before the Civil War. An enslaved man found coal on the land which led to several mines opening on the plantation. These mines became known as the \"Clover Hill Pits.\" Robert E. Lee also briefly visited this house for dinner. This plantation was the childhood home of Kate Virginia Cox, the wife of Thomas Muldrup Logan.","Pages 4 and 5 of the scrapbook contain photographs of General Thomas Muldrup Logan in uniform and in civilian clothes after the Civil War.","Page 9 contains images of African Americans. The African American woman shown is named Ellen Jasper (died 1904).","Page 17 contains two images of an African American man listed only as \"Uncle David (Algoma).\" He served previously as an enslaved laborer for one of the Rives family in the Confederate Army.","Page 18 has another image of \"Uncle David.\" It also shows an image of someone plowing, who may also be an African American man.","Page 19 shows Lena Logan dressed up for Mardi Gras. The Logan families' non-summer home was located in Louisiana.","Page 23 has another photograph of Ellen Jasper and page 25 shows an African American man working as a carriage driver.","Pages 1 and 2 of Scrapbook B contains images of Thomas M. Logan, both as a young man and as an older man.","On page 15, the top left photograph may possibly be of an African American farmhand. This scrapbook is filled with excellent images of the Algoma house, both inside and outside.","Page 10 of Scrapbook C shows an image of an unnamed African American man in the uniform of a carriage driver, standing beside two horses and carriage.","There is a typed list of identifications with this scrapbook provided by the donors.\nPage 3 of Scrapbook D shows people taking a carriage ride. Page 4a and b possibly contain images of African American men.","Page 6a contains images of African American men. 6b and 7a shows women raking hay but possibly a posed photograph since they appear to be wearing nice dresses. One of the women in 6a is Lena Logan, Lily Logan is in 7b. 8b also shows a woman \"at work\" and may be. This woman is probably Lena Logan.","Pages 1-37 of this Scrapbook contain writing by Lily Logan Morrill. She was a writer and editor of the \"Home and Garden Review.\" Some of the magazines in which she published include \"Girlhood Days,\" \"Junior Life,\" and \"Homes and Gardens of Tomorrow.\"","Page 37 of this Scrapbook contains an article by Lily Logan Morrill about Morven Garden. This garden is still used today for students at the University of Virginia to learn more about sustainability and the crops grown from this garden are used to partially supply University of Virginia dining.","Page 101 has an image of \"Union Hall\" and an African American woman, whose name appears to be Mary Minor Bush. Page 103 has a photograph of Dr. Sam Logan","Page 104 contains an image of Elizabeth Morrill working on her plane.","Page 106 has an image of Axtell Academy and a photograph of African American girls who were the ribbon bearers at the wedding of Elizabeth Morrill and Theodore Phillips, her first husband.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Morrill, Lily Logan, 1877-1944","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Nydrie and Algoma related papers, 1890/1989"],"collection_ssim":["Nydrie and Algoma related papers, 1890/1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS .14956","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/998"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS .14956","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/998"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Nydrie--Dwelling","Algoma--Dwelling","Thomas Muldrup Logan, 1808-1876"],"geogname_ssim":["Nydrie--Dwelling","Algoma--Dwelling","Thomas Muldrup Logan, 1808-1876"],"places_ssim":["Nydrie--Dwelling","Algoma--Dwelling","Thomas Muldrup Logan, 1808-1876"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Morrill, Lily Logan, 1877-1944"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Morrill, Lily Logan, 1877-1944","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the University of Virginia Special Collections Library on February 26, 2010, by Sarah Donnelly."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans","Scrapbooks","Black-and-white photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans","Scrapbooks","Black-and-white photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair to good."],"extent_ssm":["1 Cubic Feet 1 legal document box and 1 over size small flat box"],"extent_tesim":["1 Cubic Feet 1 legal document box and 1 over size small flat box"],"genreform_ssim":["Scrapbooks","Black-and-white photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection focuses on the two families that inhabited \"Nydrie,\" a farm located in Esmont, Virginia, and \"Algoma,\" a farm located in Buckingham County, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Nydrie,\" located in Esmont, Virginia, was built in 1891 to resemble a Scottish castle and was owned by the Forsyth family. Members of this family include Harry Forsyth (1846-1902), a wealthy sugar broker who resided in Louisiana, and his wife, Sarah Rice Johnson Forsyth (1849-1920), their son, Douglas Forsyth (1875-1941), the children of Douglas Forsyth, Bucky Forsyth (1912-1980)and Sarah Forsyth Randolph (1912-1937), and various other family members. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Forsyths were descended from William Forsyth (1812-1899), a conservative British member of parliament and lawyer who wrote several books about legal subjects. The land where the house was built was originally called the Tom Coles farm and was sold to the family in 1890. Douglas Forsyth eventually sold this mansion to Daniel Van Clief, a successful horse stud breeder, but it fell into disrepair and eventually was torn down in 1970. The Van Cliefs continued to own the land until 2008.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Algoma farm,\" located in Buckingham, Virginia, was the summer home of Thomas Muldrup Logan and his family. Thomas Logan was a famous Confederate Brigadier General who served under Robert E. Lee, as well as a railway and business associate of John D. Rockefeller. About 1880, Thomas M. Logan bought the \"Hartsook Farm,\" and this land became the \"Algoma\" Farm. The \"Algoma Farm\" had several buildings on it including the \"Algoma\" house which was built in the 1880s, \"Axtell Academy,\" an educational school for women which was managed by his daughter Meta Cabell (1875-1904). The \"John Crews Farm\" was owned by Lena Logan (1879-1961), the wife of Douglas Forsyth, and \"Dungannon,\"  built as a summer home for Dr. H.D. Bruns and his wife, Katy Logan Bruns, was next to \"Algoma.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is a book called the \"Algoma Log Book,\" deciphered by Elizabeth Scott, which gives an excellent record of the everyday activities of this house as well as the African Americans which worked for the family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe link to the \"Algoma Log Book\" transcribed by Elizabeth Scott is: \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehttps://drive.google.com/file/d/1zwWZLf51_snYjoOShPP7NcSh-dx6tZ49/view?usp=sharing\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains images of Axtell Academy, which was a school for women, built in Buckingham County in 1892. General Logan wanted this school built for his daughters, so they would have a good education. His daughter, Meta Forsyth Cabell, eventually raning the school. One of the teachers at this school was Professor Irving Sale who was a University of Virginia graduate. The library of this school was incredibly advanced for its time with over 3,000 books.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["This collection focuses on the two families that inhabited \"Nydrie,\" a farm located in Esmont, Virginia, and \"Algoma,\" a farm located in Buckingham County, Virginia.","\"Nydrie,\" located in Esmont, Virginia, was built in 1891 to resemble a Scottish castle and was owned by the Forsyth family. Members of this family include Harry Forsyth (1846-1902), a wealthy sugar broker who resided in Louisiana, and his wife, Sarah Rice Johnson Forsyth (1849-1920), their son, Douglas Forsyth (1875-1941), the children of Douglas Forsyth, Bucky Forsyth (1912-1980)and Sarah Forsyth Randolph (1912-1937), and various other family members.","The Forsyths were descended from William Forsyth (1812-1899), a conservative British member of parliament and lawyer who wrote several books about legal subjects. The land where the house was built was originally called the Tom Coles farm and was sold to the family in 1890. Douglas Forsyth eventually sold this mansion to Daniel Van Clief, a successful horse stud breeder, but it fell into disrepair and eventually was torn down in 1970. The Van Cliefs continued to own the land until 2008.","The \"Algoma farm,\" located in Buckingham, Virginia, was the summer home of Thomas Muldrup Logan and his family. Thomas Logan was a famous Confederate Brigadier General who served under Robert E. Lee, as well as a railway and business associate of John D. Rockefeller. About 1880, Thomas M. Logan bought the \"Hartsook Farm,\" and this land became the \"Algoma\" Farm. The \"Algoma Farm\" had several buildings on it including the \"Algoma\" house which was built in the 1880s, \"Axtell Academy,\" an educational school for women which was managed by his daughter Meta Cabell (1875-1904). The \"John Crews Farm\" was owned by Lena Logan (1879-1961), the wife of Douglas Forsyth, and \"Dungannon,\"  built as a summer home for Dr. H.D. Bruns and his wife, Katy Logan Bruns, was next to \"Algoma.\"","There is a book called the \"Algoma Log Book,\" deciphered by Elizabeth Scott, which gives an excellent record of the everyday activities of this house as well as the African Americans which worked for the family.","The link to the \"Algoma Log Book\" transcribed by Elizabeth Scott is:","https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zwWZLf51_snYjoOShPP7NcSh-dx6tZ49/view?usp=sharing","This folder contains images of Axtell Academy, which was a school for women, built in Buckingham County in 1892. General Logan wanted this school built for his daughters, so they would have a good education. His daughter, Meta Forsyth Cabell, eventually raning the school. One of the teachers at this school was Professor Irving Sale who was a University of Virginia graduate. The library of this school was incredibly advanced for its time with over 3,000 books."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of papers relating to Nydrie and Algoma, consisting chiefly of photographs and articles pertaining to the family homes of the Logan and Forsyth families. Included is a scrapbook of articles by Lily Logan Morrill.This collection contains material from around 1880, when the homes were built, to about 1960, when the Forsyth family, which owned \"Nydrie\" at the time, started a discussion about what to do with the house due to its dilapidated conditions. This collection focuses on two families, the Logans who owned \"Algoma,\" and the Forsyths who owned \"Nydrie.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers consists of various photographs of the family, drawings, and newspaper clippings about Thomas Muldrup Logan, a Confederate Brigadier General who served under Robert E. Lee, photographs of Lily Morrill (1877-1944) who owned  \"Enniscorthy,\" and photographs of the \"Enniscorthy plantation\" in the 1800s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso present are photographs and news clippings about Lily Morrill's daughter Elizabeth Morrill Holladay (1909-1996), a pilot who helped ferry planes during WWII, news clippings and information about Axtell Academy, Buckingham County, Virginia, a school for women which was run by Meta Logan Cabell, the daughter of Thomas M. Logan, and five scrapbooks labeled A through E which hold photographs of the families, writings by Lily Morrill, as well as some photographs of African Americans. There are also various photographs throughout the collection of both the inside and outside of the \"Nydrie\" and \"Algoma\" houses, photographs of Lily Logan at graduation, and photographs of the Green Mountain Hunt Club . \u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eChristmas cards to one of the families, containing images of \"Guthrie Hall,\" an historic mansion located in Esmont, Virginia, and a photograph of the Cliveden Astors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains newspaper clippings about Thomas Muldrup Logan, including a newspaper clipping about Lena Logan Forsyth accepting honors for her father at the unveiling of the Washington Light Infantry Monument in Charleston, SC in 1891. There is also an article of Elizabeth Drake Morrill Holladay, a female pilot who ferried planes during WWII. This was a part of a female group of pilots called the 'Ninety-Nines.' Her second husband, Richard Fairfield Holladay, helped build the Albemarle Airport.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains photographs of the inside and outside of the Algoma house, dating from around 1890 until around 1980.  There is information about the farm with a diagram of how the farm was divided up and information about who had different areas of the farm. There is also an image of \"Dungannon,\" the house on the Algoma farm owned by Katy Logan Bruns, one of the daughters of Thomas M. Logan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains various images of the inside and outside of Nydrie, including an article about Nydrie having fallen into disrepair and There is also a hand drawn image of Nydrie used on a flier attempting to sell materials from Nydrie.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Enniscorthy\" was a large plantation in Albemarle County originally owned by the Coles family who had business connections with Thomas Jefferson. Mr. and Ms. Morrill obtained the house in 1926. Lily Morrill completely restructured the garden, and it became well known in the area for its beauty.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains various images of the Forsyth and Logan family. There are various images of Sarah Johnson (Forsyth) Randolph getting married in 1937 at Christ Episcopal Church, Glendower, Albemarle County, Virginia. This church is one of the oldest Episcopal churches in St. Anne's Parish, Albemarle Virginia, and is recognized in the National Record of Historic Places. There are also various images of Sarah Rice Johnson Forsyth, Bucky Forsyth, Lily Logan Morrill, Albert Henry Morrill, T.M. Logan's daughters, and various other members of the family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne thing to note is there is a photograph showing an African American woman holding the twins Sarah Forsyth Randolph and Bucky Forsyth. Her name is Rebecca Ward Jordan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePage 1 and 2 of this scrapbook contain images of \"Clover Hill,\" and its cemetery, Chesterfield, Virginia, a famous plantation before the Civil War. An enslaved man found coal on the land which led to several mines opening on the plantation. These mines became known as the \"Clover Hill Pits.\" Robert E. Lee also briefly visited this house for dinner. This plantation was the childhood home of Kate Virginia Cox, the wife of Thomas Muldrup Logan. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePages 4 and 5 of the scrapbook contain photographs of General Thomas Muldrup Logan in uniform and in civilian clothes after the Civil War. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePage 9 contains images of African Americans. The African American woman shown is named Ellen Jasper (died 1904). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePage 17 contains two images of an African American man listed only as \"Uncle David (Algoma).\" He served previously as an enslaved laborer for one of the Rives family in the Confederate Army. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePage 18 has another image of \"Uncle David.\" It also shows an image of someone plowing, who may also be an African American man.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePage 19 shows Lena Logan dressed up for Mardi Gras. The Logan families' non-summer home was located in Louisiana. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePage 23 has another photograph of Ellen Jasper and page 25 shows an African American man working as a carriage driver.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePages 1 and 2 of Scrapbook B contains images of Thomas M. Logan, both as a young man and as an older man.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn page 15, the top left photograph may possibly be of an African American farmhand. This scrapbook is filled with excellent images of the Algoma house, both inside and outside.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePage 10 of Scrapbook C shows an image of an unnamed African American man in the uniform of a carriage driver, standing beside two horses and carriage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is a typed list of identifications with this scrapbook provided by the donors.\nPage 3 of Scrapbook D shows people taking a carriage ride. Page 4a and b possibly contain images of African American men.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePage 6a contains images of African American men. 6b and 7a shows women raking hay but possibly a posed photograph since they appear to be wearing nice dresses. One of the women in 6a is Lena Logan, Lily Logan is in 7b. 8b also shows a woman \"at work\" and may be. This woman is probably Lena Logan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePages 1-37 of this Scrapbook contain writing by Lily Logan Morrill. She was a writer and editor of the \"Home and Garden Review.\" Some of the magazines in which she published include \"Girlhood Days,\" \"Junior Life,\" and \"Homes and Gardens of Tomorrow.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePage 37 of this Scrapbook contains an article by Lily Logan Morrill about Morven Garden. This garden is still used today for students at the University of Virginia to learn more about sustainability and the crops grown from this garden are used to partially supply University of Virginia dining. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePage 101 has an image of \"Union Hall\" and an African American woman, whose name appears to be Mary Minor Bush. Page 103 has a photograph of Dr. Sam Logan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePage 104 contains an image of Elizabeth Morrill working on her plane.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePage 106 has an image of Axtell Academy and a photograph of African American girls who were the ribbon bearers at the wedding of Elizabeth Morrill and Theodore Phillips, her first husband.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of papers relating to Nydrie and Algoma, consisting chiefly of photographs and articles pertaining to the family homes of the Logan and Forsyth families. Included is a scrapbook of articles by Lily Logan Morrill.This collection contains material from around 1880, when the homes were built, to about 1960, when the Forsyth family, which owned \"Nydrie\" at the time, started a discussion about what to do with the house due to its dilapidated conditions. This collection focuses on two families, the Logans who owned \"Algoma,\" and the Forsyths who owned \"Nydrie.\"","The papers consists of various photographs of the family, drawings, and newspaper clippings about Thomas Muldrup Logan, a Confederate Brigadier General who served under Robert E. Lee, photographs of Lily Morrill (1877-1944) who owned  \"Enniscorthy,\" and photographs of the \"Enniscorthy plantation\" in the 1800s.","Also present are photographs and news clippings about Lily Morrill's daughter Elizabeth Morrill Holladay (1909-1996), a pilot who helped ferry planes during WWII, news clippings and information about Axtell Academy, Buckingham County, Virginia, a school for women which was run by Meta Logan Cabell, the daughter of Thomas M. Logan, and five scrapbooks labeled A through E which hold photographs of the families, writings by Lily Morrill, as well as some photographs of African Americans. There are also various photographs throughout the collection of both the inside and outside of the \"Nydrie\" and \"Algoma\" houses, photographs of Lily Logan at graduation, and photographs of the Green Mountain Hunt Club .","Christmas cards to one of the families, containing images of \"Guthrie Hall,\" an historic mansion located in Esmont, Virginia, and a photograph of the Cliveden Astors.","This folder contains newspaper clippings about Thomas Muldrup Logan, including a newspaper clipping about Lena Logan Forsyth accepting honors for her father at the unveiling of the Washington Light Infantry Monument in Charleston, SC in 1891. There is also an article of Elizabeth Drake Morrill Holladay, a female pilot who ferried planes during WWII. This was a part of a female group of pilots called the 'Ninety-Nines.' Her second husband, Richard Fairfield Holladay, helped build the Albemarle Airport.","This folder contains photographs of the inside and outside of the Algoma house, dating from around 1890 until around 1980.  There is information about the farm with a diagram of how the farm was divided up and information about who had different areas of the farm. There is also an image of \"Dungannon,\" the house on the Algoma farm owned by Katy Logan Bruns, one of the daughters of Thomas M. Logan.","This folder contains various images of the inside and outside of Nydrie, including an article about Nydrie having fallen into disrepair and There is also a hand drawn image of Nydrie used on a flier attempting to sell materials from Nydrie.","\"Enniscorthy\" was a large plantation in Albemarle County originally owned by the Coles family who had business connections with Thomas Jefferson. Mr. and Ms. Morrill obtained the house in 1926. Lily Morrill completely restructured the garden, and it became well known in the area for its beauty.","This folder contains various images of the Forsyth and Logan family. There are various images of Sarah Johnson (Forsyth) Randolph getting married in 1937 at Christ Episcopal Church, Glendower, Albemarle County, Virginia. This church is one of the oldest Episcopal churches in St. Anne's Parish, Albemarle Virginia, and is recognized in the National Record of Historic Places. There are also various images of Sarah Rice Johnson Forsyth, Bucky Forsyth, Lily Logan Morrill, Albert Henry Morrill, T.M. Logan's daughters, and various other members of the family.","One thing to note is there is a photograph showing an African American woman holding the twins Sarah Forsyth Randolph and Bucky Forsyth. Her name is Rebecca Ward Jordan.","Page 1 and 2 of this scrapbook contain images of \"Clover Hill,\" and its cemetery, Chesterfield, Virginia, a famous plantation before the Civil War. An enslaved man found coal on the land which led to several mines opening on the plantation. These mines became known as the \"Clover Hill Pits.\" Robert E. Lee also briefly visited this house for dinner. This plantation was the childhood home of Kate Virginia Cox, the wife of Thomas Muldrup Logan.","Pages 4 and 5 of the scrapbook contain photographs of General Thomas Muldrup Logan in uniform and in civilian clothes after the Civil War.","Page 9 contains images of African Americans. The African American woman shown is named Ellen Jasper (died 1904).","Page 17 contains two images of an African American man listed only as \"Uncle David (Algoma).\" He served previously as an enslaved laborer for one of the Rives family in the Confederate Army.","Page 18 has another image of \"Uncle David.\" It also shows an image of someone plowing, who may also be an African American man.","Page 19 shows Lena Logan dressed up for Mardi Gras. The Logan families' non-summer home was located in Louisiana.","Page 23 has another photograph of Ellen Jasper and page 25 shows an African American man working as a carriage driver.","Pages 1 and 2 of Scrapbook B contains images of Thomas M. Logan, both as a young man and as an older man.","On page 15, the top left photograph may possibly be of an African American farmhand. This scrapbook is filled with excellent images of the Algoma house, both inside and outside.","Page 10 of Scrapbook C shows an image of an unnamed African American man in the uniform of a carriage driver, standing beside two horses and carriage.","There is a typed list of identifications with this scrapbook provided by the donors.\nPage 3 of Scrapbook D shows people taking a carriage ride. Page 4a and b possibly contain images of African American men.","Page 6a contains images of African American men. 6b and 7a shows women raking hay but possibly a posed photograph since they appear to be wearing nice dresses. One of the women in 6a is Lena Logan, Lily Logan is in 7b. 8b also shows a woman \"at work\" and may be. This woman is probably Lena Logan.","Pages 1-37 of this Scrapbook contain writing by Lily Logan Morrill. She was a writer and editor of the \"Home and Garden Review.\" Some of the magazines in which she published include \"Girlhood Days,\" \"Junior Life,\" and \"Homes and Gardens of Tomorrow.\"","Page 37 of this Scrapbook contains an article by Lily Logan Morrill about Morven Garden. This garden is still used today for students at the University of Virginia to learn more about sustainability and the crops grown from this garden are used to partially supply University of Virginia dining.","Page 101 has an image of \"Union Hall\" and an African American woman, whose name appears to be Mary Minor Bush. Page 103 has a photograph of Dr. Sam Logan","Page 104 contains an image of Elizabeth Morrill working on her plane.","Page 106 has an image of Axtell Academy and a photograph of African American girls who were the ribbon bearers at the wedding of Elizabeth Morrill and Theodore Phillips, her first husband."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Morrill, Lily Logan, 1877-1944"],"names_coll_ssim":["Morrill, Lily Logan, 1877-1944"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Morrill, Lily Logan, 1877-1944"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":15,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:30:00.774Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_998","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_998","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_998","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_998","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_998.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/120861","title_filing_ssi":"Nydrie and Algoma related papers","title_ssm":["Nydrie and Algoma related papers"],"title_tesim":["Nydrie and Algoma related papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1862-2003"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1862-2003"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1890/1989"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Nydrie and Algoma related papers, 1890/1989"],"text":["Nydrie and Algoma related papers, 1890/1989","MSS .14956","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/998","Nydrie--Dwelling","Algoma--Dwelling","Thomas Muldrup Logan, 1808-1876","African Americans","Scrapbooks","Black-and-white photographs","Fair to good.","This collection is open for research use.","This collection focuses on the two families that inhabited \"Nydrie,\" a farm located in Esmont, Virginia, and \"Algoma,\" a farm located in Buckingham County, Virginia.","\"Nydrie,\" located in Esmont, Virginia, was built in 1891 to resemble a Scottish castle and was owned by the Forsyth family. Members of this family include Harry Forsyth (1846-1902), a wealthy sugar broker who resided in Louisiana, and his wife, Sarah Rice Johnson Forsyth (1849-1920), their son, Douglas Forsyth (1875-1941), the children of Douglas Forsyth, Bucky Forsyth (1912-1980)and Sarah Forsyth Randolph (1912-1937), and various other family members.","The Forsyths were descended from William Forsyth (1812-1899), a conservative British member of parliament and lawyer who wrote several books about legal subjects. The land where the house was built was originally called the Tom Coles farm and was sold to the family in 1890. Douglas Forsyth eventually sold this mansion to Daniel Van Clief, a successful horse stud breeder, but it fell into disrepair and eventually was torn down in 1970. The Van Cliefs continued to own the land until 2008.","The \"Algoma farm,\" located in Buckingham, Virginia, was the summer home of Thomas Muldrup Logan and his family. Thomas Logan was a famous Confederate Brigadier General who served under Robert E. Lee, as well as a railway and business associate of John D. Rockefeller. About 1880, Thomas M. Logan bought the \"Hartsook Farm,\" and this land became the \"Algoma\" Farm. The \"Algoma Farm\" had several buildings on it including the \"Algoma\" house which was built in the 1880s, \"Axtell Academy,\" an educational school for women which was managed by his daughter Meta Cabell (1875-1904). The \"John Crews Farm\" was owned by Lena Logan (1879-1961), the wife of Douglas Forsyth, and \"Dungannon,\"  built as a summer home for Dr. H.D. Bruns and his wife, Katy Logan Bruns, was next to \"Algoma.\"","There is a book called the \"Algoma Log Book,\" deciphered by Elizabeth Scott, which gives an excellent record of the everyday activities of this house as well as the African Americans which worked for the family.","The link to the \"Algoma Log Book\" transcribed by Elizabeth Scott is:","https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zwWZLf51_snYjoOShPP7NcSh-dx6tZ49/view?usp=sharing","This folder contains images of Axtell Academy, which was a school for women, built in Buckingham County in 1892. General Logan wanted this school built for his daughters, so they would have a good education. His daughter, Meta Forsyth Cabell, eventually raning the school. One of the teachers at this school was Professor Irving Sale who was a University of Virginia graduate. The library of this school was incredibly advanced for its time with over 3,000 books.","This collection consists of papers relating to Nydrie and Algoma, consisting chiefly of photographs and articles pertaining to the family homes of the Logan and Forsyth families. Included is a scrapbook of articles by Lily Logan Morrill.This collection contains material from around 1880, when the homes were built, to about 1960, when the Forsyth family, which owned \"Nydrie\" at the time, started a discussion about what to do with the house due to its dilapidated conditions. This collection focuses on two families, the Logans who owned \"Algoma,\" and the Forsyths who owned \"Nydrie.\"","The papers consists of various photographs of the family, drawings, and newspaper clippings about Thomas Muldrup Logan, a Confederate Brigadier General who served under Robert E. Lee, photographs of Lily Morrill (1877-1944) who owned  \"Enniscorthy,\" and photographs of the \"Enniscorthy plantation\" in the 1800s.","Also present are photographs and news clippings about Lily Morrill's daughter Elizabeth Morrill Holladay (1909-1996), a pilot who helped ferry planes during WWII, news clippings and information about Axtell Academy, Buckingham County, Virginia, a school for women which was run by Meta Logan Cabell, the daughter of Thomas M. Logan, and five scrapbooks labeled A through E which hold photographs of the families, writings by Lily Morrill, as well as some photographs of African Americans. There are also various photographs throughout the collection of both the inside and outside of the \"Nydrie\" and \"Algoma\" houses, photographs of Lily Logan at graduation, and photographs of the Green Mountain Hunt Club .","Christmas cards to one of the families, containing images of \"Guthrie Hall,\" an historic mansion located in Esmont, Virginia, and a photograph of the Cliveden Astors.","This folder contains newspaper clippings about Thomas Muldrup Logan, including a newspaper clipping about Lena Logan Forsyth accepting honors for her father at the unveiling of the Washington Light Infantry Monument in Charleston, SC in 1891. There is also an article of Elizabeth Drake Morrill Holladay, a female pilot who ferried planes during WWII. This was a part of a female group of pilots called the 'Ninety-Nines.' Her second husband, Richard Fairfield Holladay, helped build the Albemarle Airport.","This folder contains photographs of the inside and outside of the Algoma house, dating from around 1890 until around 1980.  There is information about the farm with a diagram of how the farm was divided up and information about who had different areas of the farm. There is also an image of \"Dungannon,\" the house on the Algoma farm owned by Katy Logan Bruns, one of the daughters of Thomas M. Logan.","This folder contains various images of the inside and outside of Nydrie, including an article about Nydrie having fallen into disrepair and There is also a hand drawn image of Nydrie used on a flier attempting to sell materials from Nydrie.","\"Enniscorthy\" was a large plantation in Albemarle County originally owned by the Coles family who had business connections with Thomas Jefferson. Mr. and Ms. Morrill obtained the house in 1926. Lily Morrill completely restructured the garden, and it became well known in the area for its beauty.","This folder contains various images of the Forsyth and Logan family. There are various images of Sarah Johnson (Forsyth) Randolph getting married in 1937 at Christ Episcopal Church, Glendower, Albemarle County, Virginia. This church is one of the oldest Episcopal churches in St. Anne's Parish, Albemarle Virginia, and is recognized in the National Record of Historic Places. There are also various images of Sarah Rice Johnson Forsyth, Bucky Forsyth, Lily Logan Morrill, Albert Henry Morrill, T.M. Logan's daughters, and various other members of the family.","One thing to note is there is a photograph showing an African American woman holding the twins Sarah Forsyth Randolph and Bucky Forsyth. Her name is Rebecca Ward Jordan.","Page 1 and 2 of this scrapbook contain images of \"Clover Hill,\" and its cemetery, Chesterfield, Virginia, a famous plantation before the Civil War. An enslaved man found coal on the land which led to several mines opening on the plantation. These mines became known as the \"Clover Hill Pits.\" Robert E. Lee also briefly visited this house for dinner. This plantation was the childhood home of Kate Virginia Cox, the wife of Thomas Muldrup Logan.","Pages 4 and 5 of the scrapbook contain photographs of General Thomas Muldrup Logan in uniform and in civilian clothes after the Civil War.","Page 9 contains images of African Americans. The African American woman shown is named Ellen Jasper (died 1904).","Page 17 contains two images of an African American man listed only as \"Uncle David (Algoma).\" He served previously as an enslaved laborer for one of the Rives family in the Confederate Army.","Page 18 has another image of \"Uncle David.\" It also shows an image of someone plowing, who may also be an African American man.","Page 19 shows Lena Logan dressed up for Mardi Gras. The Logan families' non-summer home was located in Louisiana.","Page 23 has another photograph of Ellen Jasper and page 25 shows an African American man working as a carriage driver.","Pages 1 and 2 of Scrapbook B contains images of Thomas M. Logan, both as a young man and as an older man.","On page 15, the top left photograph may possibly be of an African American farmhand. This scrapbook is filled with excellent images of the Algoma house, both inside and outside.","Page 10 of Scrapbook C shows an image of an unnamed African American man in the uniform of a carriage driver, standing beside two horses and carriage.","There is a typed list of identifications with this scrapbook provided by the donors.\nPage 3 of Scrapbook D shows people taking a carriage ride. Page 4a and b possibly contain images of African American men.","Page 6a contains images of African American men. 6b and 7a shows women raking hay but possibly a posed photograph since they appear to be wearing nice dresses. One of the women in 6a is Lena Logan, Lily Logan is in 7b. 8b also shows a woman \"at work\" and may be. This woman is probably Lena Logan.","Pages 1-37 of this Scrapbook contain writing by Lily Logan Morrill. She was a writer and editor of the \"Home and Garden Review.\" Some of the magazines in which she published include \"Girlhood Days,\" \"Junior Life,\" and \"Homes and Gardens of Tomorrow.\"","Page 37 of this Scrapbook contains an article by Lily Logan Morrill about Morven Garden. This garden is still used today for students at the University of Virginia to learn more about sustainability and the crops grown from this garden are used to partially supply University of Virginia dining.","Page 101 has an image of \"Union Hall\" and an African American woman, whose name appears to be Mary Minor Bush. Page 103 has a photograph of Dr. Sam Logan","Page 104 contains an image of Elizabeth Morrill working on her plane.","Page 106 has an image of Axtell Academy and a photograph of African American girls who were the ribbon bearers at the wedding of Elizabeth Morrill and Theodore Phillips, her first husband.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Morrill, Lily Logan, 1877-1944","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Nydrie and Algoma related papers, 1890/1989"],"collection_ssim":["Nydrie and Algoma related papers, 1890/1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS .14956","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/998"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS .14956","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/998"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Nydrie--Dwelling","Algoma--Dwelling","Thomas Muldrup Logan, 1808-1876"],"geogname_ssim":["Nydrie--Dwelling","Algoma--Dwelling","Thomas Muldrup Logan, 1808-1876"],"places_ssim":["Nydrie--Dwelling","Algoma--Dwelling","Thomas Muldrup Logan, 1808-1876"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Morrill, Lily Logan, 1877-1944"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Morrill, Lily Logan, 1877-1944","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the University of Virginia Special Collections Library on February 26, 2010, by Sarah Donnelly."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans","Scrapbooks","Black-and-white photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans","Scrapbooks","Black-and-white photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair to good."],"extent_ssm":["1 Cubic Feet 1 legal document box and 1 over size small flat box"],"extent_tesim":["1 Cubic Feet 1 legal document box and 1 over size small flat box"],"genreform_ssim":["Scrapbooks","Black-and-white photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection focuses on the two families that inhabited \"Nydrie,\" a farm located in Esmont, Virginia, and \"Algoma,\" a farm located in Buckingham County, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Nydrie,\" located in Esmont, Virginia, was built in 1891 to resemble a Scottish castle and was owned by the Forsyth family. Members of this family include Harry Forsyth (1846-1902), a wealthy sugar broker who resided in Louisiana, and his wife, Sarah Rice Johnson Forsyth (1849-1920), their son, Douglas Forsyth (1875-1941), the children of Douglas Forsyth, Bucky Forsyth (1912-1980)and Sarah Forsyth Randolph (1912-1937), and various other family members. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Forsyths were descended from William Forsyth (1812-1899), a conservative British member of parliament and lawyer who wrote several books about legal subjects. The land where the house was built was originally called the Tom Coles farm and was sold to the family in 1890. Douglas Forsyth eventually sold this mansion to Daniel Van Clief, a successful horse stud breeder, but it fell into disrepair and eventually was torn down in 1970. The Van Cliefs continued to own the land until 2008.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Algoma farm,\" located in Buckingham, Virginia, was the summer home of Thomas Muldrup Logan and his family. Thomas Logan was a famous Confederate Brigadier General who served under Robert E. Lee, as well as a railway and business associate of John D. Rockefeller. About 1880, Thomas M. Logan bought the \"Hartsook Farm,\" and this land became the \"Algoma\" Farm. The \"Algoma Farm\" had several buildings on it including the \"Algoma\" house which was built in the 1880s, \"Axtell Academy,\" an educational school for women which was managed by his daughter Meta Cabell (1875-1904). The \"John Crews Farm\" was owned by Lena Logan (1879-1961), the wife of Douglas Forsyth, and \"Dungannon,\"  built as a summer home for Dr. H.D. Bruns and his wife, Katy Logan Bruns, was next to \"Algoma.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is a book called the \"Algoma Log Book,\" deciphered by Elizabeth Scott, which gives an excellent record of the everyday activities of this house as well as the African Americans which worked for the family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe link to the \"Algoma Log Book\" transcribed by Elizabeth Scott is: \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehttps://drive.google.com/file/d/1zwWZLf51_snYjoOShPP7NcSh-dx6tZ49/view?usp=sharing\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains images of Axtell Academy, which was a school for women, built in Buckingham County in 1892. General Logan wanted this school built for his daughters, so they would have a good education. His daughter, Meta Forsyth Cabell, eventually raning the school. One of the teachers at this school was Professor Irving Sale who was a University of Virginia graduate. The library of this school was incredibly advanced for its time with over 3,000 books.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["This collection focuses on the two families that inhabited \"Nydrie,\" a farm located in Esmont, Virginia, and \"Algoma,\" a farm located in Buckingham County, Virginia.","\"Nydrie,\" located in Esmont, Virginia, was built in 1891 to resemble a Scottish castle and was owned by the Forsyth family. Members of this family include Harry Forsyth (1846-1902), a wealthy sugar broker who resided in Louisiana, and his wife, Sarah Rice Johnson Forsyth (1849-1920), their son, Douglas Forsyth (1875-1941), the children of Douglas Forsyth, Bucky Forsyth (1912-1980)and Sarah Forsyth Randolph (1912-1937), and various other family members.","The Forsyths were descended from William Forsyth (1812-1899), a conservative British member of parliament and lawyer who wrote several books about legal subjects. The land where the house was built was originally called the Tom Coles farm and was sold to the family in 1890. Douglas Forsyth eventually sold this mansion to Daniel Van Clief, a successful horse stud breeder, but it fell into disrepair and eventually was torn down in 1970. The Van Cliefs continued to own the land until 2008.","The \"Algoma farm,\" located in Buckingham, Virginia, was the summer home of Thomas Muldrup Logan and his family. Thomas Logan was a famous Confederate Brigadier General who served under Robert E. Lee, as well as a railway and business associate of John D. Rockefeller. About 1880, Thomas M. Logan bought the \"Hartsook Farm,\" and this land became the \"Algoma\" Farm. The \"Algoma Farm\" had several buildings on it including the \"Algoma\" house which was built in the 1880s, \"Axtell Academy,\" an educational school for women which was managed by his daughter Meta Cabell (1875-1904). The \"John Crews Farm\" was owned by Lena Logan (1879-1961), the wife of Douglas Forsyth, and \"Dungannon,\"  built as a summer home for Dr. H.D. Bruns and his wife, Katy Logan Bruns, was next to \"Algoma.\"","There is a book called the \"Algoma Log Book,\" deciphered by Elizabeth Scott, which gives an excellent record of the everyday activities of this house as well as the African Americans which worked for the family.","The link to the \"Algoma Log Book\" transcribed by Elizabeth Scott is:","https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zwWZLf51_snYjoOShPP7NcSh-dx6tZ49/view?usp=sharing","This folder contains images of Axtell Academy, which was a school for women, built in Buckingham County in 1892. General Logan wanted this school built for his daughters, so they would have a good education. His daughter, Meta Forsyth Cabell, eventually raning the school. One of the teachers at this school was Professor Irving Sale who was a University of Virginia graduate. The library of this school was incredibly advanced for its time with over 3,000 books."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of papers relating to Nydrie and Algoma, consisting chiefly of photographs and articles pertaining to the family homes of the Logan and Forsyth families. Included is a scrapbook of articles by Lily Logan Morrill.This collection contains material from around 1880, when the homes were built, to about 1960, when the Forsyth family, which owned \"Nydrie\" at the time, started a discussion about what to do with the house due to its dilapidated conditions. This collection focuses on two families, the Logans who owned \"Algoma,\" and the Forsyths who owned \"Nydrie.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers consists of various photographs of the family, drawings, and newspaper clippings about Thomas Muldrup Logan, a Confederate Brigadier General who served under Robert E. Lee, photographs of Lily Morrill (1877-1944) who owned  \"Enniscorthy,\" and photographs of the \"Enniscorthy plantation\" in the 1800s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso present are photographs and news clippings about Lily Morrill's daughter Elizabeth Morrill Holladay (1909-1996), a pilot who helped ferry planes during WWII, news clippings and information about Axtell Academy, Buckingham County, Virginia, a school for women which was run by Meta Logan Cabell, the daughter of Thomas M. Logan, and five scrapbooks labeled A through E which hold photographs of the families, writings by Lily Morrill, as well as some photographs of African Americans. There are also various photographs throughout the collection of both the inside and outside of the \"Nydrie\" and \"Algoma\" houses, photographs of Lily Logan at graduation, and photographs of the Green Mountain Hunt Club . \u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eChristmas cards to one of the families, containing images of \"Guthrie Hall,\" an historic mansion located in Esmont, Virginia, and a photograph of the Cliveden Astors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains newspaper clippings about Thomas Muldrup Logan, including a newspaper clipping about Lena Logan Forsyth accepting honors for her father at the unveiling of the Washington Light Infantry Monument in Charleston, SC in 1891. There is also an article of Elizabeth Drake Morrill Holladay, a female pilot who ferried planes during WWII. This was a part of a female group of pilots called the 'Ninety-Nines.' Her second husband, Richard Fairfield Holladay, helped build the Albemarle Airport.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains photographs of the inside and outside of the Algoma house, dating from around 1890 until around 1980.  There is information about the farm with a diagram of how the farm was divided up and information about who had different areas of the farm. There is also an image of \"Dungannon,\" the house on the Algoma farm owned by Katy Logan Bruns, one of the daughters of Thomas M. Logan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains various images of the inside and outside of Nydrie, including an article about Nydrie having fallen into disrepair and There is also a hand drawn image of Nydrie used on a flier attempting to sell materials from Nydrie.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Enniscorthy\" was a large plantation in Albemarle County originally owned by the Coles family who had business connections with Thomas Jefferson. Mr. and Ms. Morrill obtained the house in 1926. Lily Morrill completely restructured the garden, and it became well known in the area for its beauty.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains various images of the Forsyth and Logan family. There are various images of Sarah Johnson (Forsyth) Randolph getting married in 1937 at Christ Episcopal Church, Glendower, Albemarle County, Virginia. This church is one of the oldest Episcopal churches in St. Anne's Parish, Albemarle Virginia, and is recognized in the National Record of Historic Places. There are also various images of Sarah Rice Johnson Forsyth, Bucky Forsyth, Lily Logan Morrill, Albert Henry Morrill, T.M. Logan's daughters, and various other members of the family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne thing to note is there is a photograph showing an African American woman holding the twins Sarah Forsyth Randolph and Bucky Forsyth. Her name is Rebecca Ward Jordan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePage 1 and 2 of this scrapbook contain images of \"Clover Hill,\" and its cemetery, Chesterfield, Virginia, a famous plantation before the Civil War. An enslaved man found coal on the land which led to several mines opening on the plantation. These mines became known as the \"Clover Hill Pits.\" Robert E. Lee also briefly visited this house for dinner. This plantation was the childhood home of Kate Virginia Cox, the wife of Thomas Muldrup Logan. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePages 4 and 5 of the scrapbook contain photographs of General Thomas Muldrup Logan in uniform and in civilian clothes after the Civil War. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePage 9 contains images of African Americans. The African American woman shown is named Ellen Jasper (died 1904). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePage 17 contains two images of an African American man listed only as \"Uncle David (Algoma).\" He served previously as an enslaved laborer for one of the Rives family in the Confederate Army. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePage 18 has another image of \"Uncle David.\" It also shows an image of someone plowing, who may also be an African American man.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePage 19 shows Lena Logan dressed up for Mardi Gras. The Logan families' non-summer home was located in Louisiana. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePage 23 has another photograph of Ellen Jasper and page 25 shows an African American man working as a carriage driver.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePages 1 and 2 of Scrapbook B contains images of Thomas M. Logan, both as a young man and as an older man.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn page 15, the top left photograph may possibly be of an African American farmhand. This scrapbook is filled with excellent images of the Algoma house, both inside and outside.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePage 10 of Scrapbook C shows an image of an unnamed African American man in the uniform of a carriage driver, standing beside two horses and carriage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is a typed list of identifications with this scrapbook provided by the donors.\nPage 3 of Scrapbook D shows people taking a carriage ride. Page 4a and b possibly contain images of African American men.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePage 6a contains images of African American men. 6b and 7a shows women raking hay but possibly a posed photograph since they appear to be wearing nice dresses. One of the women in 6a is Lena Logan, Lily Logan is in 7b. 8b also shows a woman \"at work\" and may be. This woman is probably Lena Logan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePages 1-37 of this Scrapbook contain writing by Lily Logan Morrill. She was a writer and editor of the \"Home and Garden Review.\" Some of the magazines in which she published include \"Girlhood Days,\" \"Junior Life,\" and \"Homes and Gardens of Tomorrow.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePage 37 of this Scrapbook contains an article by Lily Logan Morrill about Morven Garden. This garden is still used today for students at the University of Virginia to learn more about sustainability and the crops grown from this garden are used to partially supply University of Virginia dining. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePage 101 has an image of \"Union Hall\" and an African American woman, whose name appears to be Mary Minor Bush. Page 103 has a photograph of Dr. Sam Logan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePage 104 contains an image of Elizabeth Morrill working on her plane.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePage 106 has an image of Axtell Academy and a photograph of African American girls who were the ribbon bearers at the wedding of Elizabeth Morrill and Theodore Phillips, her first husband.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of papers relating to Nydrie and Algoma, consisting chiefly of photographs and articles pertaining to the family homes of the Logan and Forsyth families. Included is a scrapbook of articles by Lily Logan Morrill.This collection contains material from around 1880, when the homes were built, to about 1960, when the Forsyth family, which owned \"Nydrie\" at the time, started a discussion about what to do with the house due to its dilapidated conditions. This collection focuses on two families, the Logans who owned \"Algoma,\" and the Forsyths who owned \"Nydrie.\"","The papers consists of various photographs of the family, drawings, and newspaper clippings about Thomas Muldrup Logan, a Confederate Brigadier General who served under Robert E. Lee, photographs of Lily Morrill (1877-1944) who owned  \"Enniscorthy,\" and photographs of the \"Enniscorthy plantation\" in the 1800s.","Also present are photographs and news clippings about Lily Morrill's daughter Elizabeth Morrill Holladay (1909-1996), a pilot who helped ferry planes during WWII, news clippings and information about Axtell Academy, Buckingham County, Virginia, a school for women which was run by Meta Logan Cabell, the daughter of Thomas M. Logan, and five scrapbooks labeled A through E which hold photographs of the families, writings by Lily Morrill, as well as some photographs of African Americans. There are also various photographs throughout the collection of both the inside and outside of the \"Nydrie\" and \"Algoma\" houses, photographs of Lily Logan at graduation, and photographs of the Green Mountain Hunt Club .","Christmas cards to one of the families, containing images of \"Guthrie Hall,\" an historic mansion located in Esmont, Virginia, and a photograph of the Cliveden Astors.","This folder contains newspaper clippings about Thomas Muldrup Logan, including a newspaper clipping about Lena Logan Forsyth accepting honors for her father at the unveiling of the Washington Light Infantry Monument in Charleston, SC in 1891. There is also an article of Elizabeth Drake Morrill Holladay, a female pilot who ferried planes during WWII. This was a part of a female group of pilots called the 'Ninety-Nines.' Her second husband, Richard Fairfield Holladay, helped build the Albemarle Airport.","This folder contains photographs of the inside and outside of the Algoma house, dating from around 1890 until around 1980.  There is information about the farm with a diagram of how the farm was divided up and information about who had different areas of the farm. There is also an image of \"Dungannon,\" the house on the Algoma farm owned by Katy Logan Bruns, one of the daughters of Thomas M. Logan.","This folder contains various images of the inside and outside of Nydrie, including an article about Nydrie having fallen into disrepair and There is also a hand drawn image of Nydrie used on a flier attempting to sell materials from Nydrie.","\"Enniscorthy\" was a large plantation in Albemarle County originally owned by the Coles family who had business connections with Thomas Jefferson. Mr. and Ms. Morrill obtained the house in 1926. Lily Morrill completely restructured the garden, and it became well known in the area for its beauty.","This folder contains various images of the Forsyth and Logan family. There are various images of Sarah Johnson (Forsyth) Randolph getting married in 1937 at Christ Episcopal Church, Glendower, Albemarle County, Virginia. This church is one of the oldest Episcopal churches in St. Anne's Parish, Albemarle Virginia, and is recognized in the National Record of Historic Places. There are also various images of Sarah Rice Johnson Forsyth, Bucky Forsyth, Lily Logan Morrill, Albert Henry Morrill, T.M. Logan's daughters, and various other members of the family.","One thing to note is there is a photograph showing an African American woman holding the twins Sarah Forsyth Randolph and Bucky Forsyth. Her name is Rebecca Ward Jordan.","Page 1 and 2 of this scrapbook contain images of \"Clover Hill,\" and its cemetery, Chesterfield, Virginia, a famous plantation before the Civil War. An enslaved man found coal on the land which led to several mines opening on the plantation. These mines became known as the \"Clover Hill Pits.\" Robert E. Lee also briefly visited this house for dinner. This plantation was the childhood home of Kate Virginia Cox, the wife of Thomas Muldrup Logan.","Pages 4 and 5 of the scrapbook contain photographs of General Thomas Muldrup Logan in uniform and in civilian clothes after the Civil War.","Page 9 contains images of African Americans. The African American woman shown is named Ellen Jasper (died 1904).","Page 17 contains two images of an African American man listed only as \"Uncle David (Algoma).\" He served previously as an enslaved laborer for one of the Rives family in the Confederate Army.","Page 18 has another image of \"Uncle David.\" It also shows an image of someone plowing, who may also be an African American man.","Page 19 shows Lena Logan dressed up for Mardi Gras. The Logan families' non-summer home was located in Louisiana.","Page 23 has another photograph of Ellen Jasper and page 25 shows an African American man working as a carriage driver.","Pages 1 and 2 of Scrapbook B contains images of Thomas M. Logan, both as a young man and as an older man.","On page 15, the top left photograph may possibly be of an African American farmhand. This scrapbook is filled with excellent images of the Algoma house, both inside and outside.","Page 10 of Scrapbook C shows an image of an unnamed African American man in the uniform of a carriage driver, standing beside two horses and carriage.","There is a typed list of identifications with this scrapbook provided by the donors.\nPage 3 of Scrapbook D shows people taking a carriage ride. Page 4a and b possibly contain images of African American men.","Page 6a contains images of African American men. 6b and 7a shows women raking hay but possibly a posed photograph since they appear to be wearing nice dresses. One of the women in 6a is Lena Logan, Lily Logan is in 7b. 8b also shows a woman \"at work\" and may be. This woman is probably Lena Logan.","Pages 1-37 of this Scrapbook contain writing by Lily Logan Morrill. She was a writer and editor of the \"Home and Garden Review.\" Some of the magazines in which she published include \"Girlhood Days,\" \"Junior Life,\" and \"Homes and Gardens of Tomorrow.\"","Page 37 of this Scrapbook contains an article by Lily Logan Morrill about Morven Garden. This garden is still used today for students at the University of Virginia to learn more about sustainability and the crops grown from this garden are used to partially supply University of Virginia dining.","Page 101 has an image of \"Union Hall\" and an African American woman, whose name appears to be Mary Minor Bush. Page 103 has a photograph of Dr. Sam Logan","Page 104 contains an image of Elizabeth Morrill working on her plane.","Page 106 has an image of Axtell Academy and a photograph of African American girls who were the ribbon bearers at the wedding of Elizabeth Morrill and Theodore Phillips, her first husband."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Morrill, Lily Logan, 1877-1944"],"names_coll_ssim":["Morrill, Lily Logan, 1877-1944"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Morrill, Lily Logan, 1877-1944"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":15,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:30:00.774Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_998"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_53","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Paul Robeson sound recording collection, 1955","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_53#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lofland, John","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_53#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains reel-to-reel tapes, as well as duplicates of these reels on cassette and CD of Paul Robeson's 1955 concert performance at Swarthmore, and his 1955 speech, \"America to Me, Waterboy.\"","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_53#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_53","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_53","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_53","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_53","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_53.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Paul Robeson sound recording collection","title_ssm":["Paul Robeson sound recording collection"],"title_tesim":["Paul Robeson sound recording collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1955"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1955"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1955"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Paul Robeson sound recording collection, 1955"],"text":["Paul Robeson sound recording collection, 1955","C0097","/repositories/2/resources/53","African Americans","African Americans -- Civil rights -- History -- 20th century","Music","Sound recordings","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single box collection.","Paul Robeson was a famous African American singer, actor, athlete, and civil rights advocate. Robeson made a name for himself in the 1930s performing Black spirituals, which he merged with various folk and national styles to champion the labor and social movements of his time. He sang for peace and justice in 25 languages throughout the U.S., Europe, the Soviet Union, and Africa. The quintessential cosmopolitan, Robeson became known as a citizen of the world, mingling effortlessly with the people of Moscow, Nairobi, and Harlem. Among his friends were future African leader Jomo Kenyatta, India's Nehru, historian Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois, anarchist Emma Goldman, and writers James Joyce and Ernest Hemingway.","In the late 1940s, when dissent was scarcely tolerated in the U.S., Robeson openly questioned why African Americans should fight in the army of a government that tolerated racism. Because of his outspokenness, he was accused by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) of being a Communist. The accusation nearly ended his career. Eighty of his concerts were canceled, and in 1949 two interracial outdoor concerts in Peekskill, N.Y. were attacked by racist mobs while state police stood idly by.","In 1950 the U.S. revoked Robeson's passport, leading to an eight-year battle to resecure it and to travel again. During those years, Robeson studied Chinese, met with Albert Einstein to discuss the prospects for world peace, published his autobiography, Here I Stand, and sang at Carnegie Hall. Two major labor-related events took place during this time. In 1955 Robeson was invited by the Forum for Free Speech to speak and perform at Swarthmore College. It was at this event that the tapes featured in this collection were recorded. Paul Robeson retired from public life in 1963 and died on January 23, 1976, at age 77, in Philadelphia.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in August 2022.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections and materials on musicians, the performing arts, and the civil rights movement. It also holds the , which contains","This collection contains reel-to-reel tapes, as well as duplicates of these reels on cassette and CD of Paul Robeson's 1955 concert performance at Swarthmore, and his 1955 speech, \"America to Me, Waterboy.\"","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","This collection contains reel-to-reel tapes, as well as duplicates of these reels on cassette and CD of Paul Robeson's 1955 concert performance at Swarthmore, and his 1955 speech, \"America to Me, Waterboy.\"","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Lofland, John","Robeson, Paul, 1898-1976","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Paul Robeson sound recording collection, 1955"],"collection_ssim":["Paul Robeson sound recording collection, 1955"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0097","/repositories/2/resources/53"],"unitid_tesim":["C0097","/repositories/2/resources/53"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Lofland, John"],"creator_ssim":["Lofland, John"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lofland, John","Robeson, Paul, 1898-1976"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Lofland, John","Robeson, Paul, 1898-1976","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection donated by John Lofland in 1998."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans","African Americans -- Civil rights -- History -- 20th century","Music","Sound recordings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans","African Americans -- Civil rights -- History -- 20th century","Music","Sound recordings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Linear Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["1 Linear Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Sound recordings"],"date_range_isim":[1955],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single box collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single box collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePaul Robeson was a famous African American singer, actor, athlete, and civil rights advocate. Robeson made a name for himself in the 1930s performing Black spirituals, which he merged with various folk and national styles to champion the labor and social movements of his time. He sang for peace and justice in 25 languages throughout the U.S., Europe, the Soviet Union, and Africa. The quintessential cosmopolitan, Robeson became known as a citizen of the world, mingling effortlessly with the people of Moscow, Nairobi, and Harlem. Among his friends were future African leader Jomo Kenyatta, India's Nehru, historian Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois, anarchist Emma Goldman, and writers James Joyce and Ernest Hemingway. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1940s, when dissent was scarcely tolerated in the U.S., Robeson openly questioned why African Americans should fight in the army of a government that tolerated racism. Because of his outspokenness, he was accused by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) of being a Communist. The accusation nearly ended his career. Eighty of his concerts were canceled, and in 1949 two interracial outdoor concerts in Peekskill, N.Y. were attacked by racist mobs while state police stood idly by. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1950 the U.S. revoked Robeson's passport, leading to an eight-year battle to resecure it and to travel again. During those years, Robeson studied Chinese, met with Albert Einstein to discuss the prospects for world peace, published his autobiography, \u003ctitle\u003eHere I Stand\u003c/title\u003e, and sang at Carnegie Hall. Two major labor-related events took place during this time. In 1955 Robeson was invited by the Forum for Free Speech to speak and perform at Swarthmore College. It was at this event that the tapes featured in this collection were recorded. Paul Robeson retired from public life in 1963 and died on January 23, 1976, at age 77, in Philadelphia. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Paul Robeson was a famous African American singer, actor, athlete, and civil rights advocate. Robeson made a name for himself in the 1930s performing Black spirituals, which he merged with various folk and national styles to champion the labor and social movements of his time. He sang for peace and justice in 25 languages throughout the U.S., Europe, the Soviet Union, and Africa. The quintessential cosmopolitan, Robeson became known as a citizen of the world, mingling effortlessly with the people of Moscow, Nairobi, and Harlem. Among his friends were future African leader Jomo Kenyatta, India's Nehru, historian Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois, anarchist Emma Goldman, and writers James Joyce and Ernest Hemingway.","In the late 1940s, when dissent was scarcely tolerated in the U.S., Robeson openly questioned why African Americans should fight in the army of a government that tolerated racism. Because of his outspokenness, he was accused by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) of being a Communist. The accusation nearly ended his career. Eighty of his concerts were canceled, and in 1949 two interracial outdoor concerts in Peekskill, N.Y. were attacked by racist mobs while state police stood idly by.","In 1950 the U.S. revoked Robeson's passport, leading to an eight-year battle to resecure it and to travel again. During those years, Robeson studied Chinese, met with Albert Einstein to discuss the prospects for world peace, published his autobiography, Here I Stand, and sang at Carnegie Hall. Two major labor-related events took place during this time. In 1955 Robeson was invited by the Forum for Free Speech to speak and perform at Swarthmore College. It was at this event that the tapes featured in this collection were recorded. Paul Robeson retired from public life in 1963 and died on January 23, 1976, at age 77, in Philadelphia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePaul Robeson sound recording collection, C0097, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Paul Robeson sound recording collection, C0097, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in August 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in August 2022."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections and materials on musicians, the performing arts, and the civil rights movement. It also holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"San Francisco Poster Brigade collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0282\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, which contains \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"an illustrated poster of Robeson.\" href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/gmuarchives/49399268691/in/dateposted-public/\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections and materials on musicians, the performing arts, and the civil rights movement. It also holds the , which contains"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains reel-to-reel tapes, as well as duplicates of these reels on cassette and CD of Paul Robeson's 1955 concert performance at Swarthmore, and his 1955 speech, \"America to Me, Waterboy.\"\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains reel-to-reel tapes, as well as duplicates of these reels on cassette and CD of Paul Robeson's 1955 concert performance at Swarthmore, and his 1955 speech, \"America to Me, Waterboy.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ed7c3c203aa8c0c324420c33cc26e97c\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains reel-to-reel tapes, as well as duplicates of these reels on cassette and CD of Paul Robeson's 1955 concert performance at Swarthmore, and his 1955 speech, \"America to Me, Waterboy.\"\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains reel-to-reel tapes, as well as duplicates of these reels on cassette and CD of Paul Robeson's 1955 concert performance at Swarthmore, and his 1955 speech, \"America to Me, Waterboy.\""],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Lofland, John","Robeson, Paul, 1898-1976"],"names_coll_ssim":["Robeson, Paul, 1898-1976"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Lofland, John","Robeson, Paul, 1898-1976"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:55:07.784Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_53","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_53","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_53","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_53","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_53.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Paul Robeson sound recording collection","title_ssm":["Paul Robeson sound recording collection"],"title_tesim":["Paul Robeson sound recording collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1955"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1955"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1955"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Paul Robeson sound recording collection, 1955"],"text":["Paul Robeson sound recording collection, 1955","C0097","/repositories/2/resources/53","African Americans","African Americans -- Civil rights -- History -- 20th century","Music","Sound recordings","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single box collection.","Paul Robeson was a famous African American singer, actor, athlete, and civil rights advocate. Robeson made a name for himself in the 1930s performing Black spirituals, which he merged with various folk and national styles to champion the labor and social movements of his time. He sang for peace and justice in 25 languages throughout the U.S., Europe, the Soviet Union, and Africa. The quintessential cosmopolitan, Robeson became known as a citizen of the world, mingling effortlessly with the people of Moscow, Nairobi, and Harlem. Among his friends were future African leader Jomo Kenyatta, India's Nehru, historian Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois, anarchist Emma Goldman, and writers James Joyce and Ernest Hemingway.","In the late 1940s, when dissent was scarcely tolerated in the U.S., Robeson openly questioned why African Americans should fight in the army of a government that tolerated racism. Because of his outspokenness, he was accused by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) of being a Communist. The accusation nearly ended his career. Eighty of his concerts were canceled, and in 1949 two interracial outdoor concerts in Peekskill, N.Y. were attacked by racist mobs while state police stood idly by.","In 1950 the U.S. revoked Robeson's passport, leading to an eight-year battle to resecure it and to travel again. During those years, Robeson studied Chinese, met with Albert Einstein to discuss the prospects for world peace, published his autobiography, Here I Stand, and sang at Carnegie Hall. Two major labor-related events took place during this time. In 1955 Robeson was invited by the Forum for Free Speech to speak and perform at Swarthmore College. It was at this event that the tapes featured in this collection were recorded. Paul Robeson retired from public life in 1963 and died on January 23, 1976, at age 77, in Philadelphia.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in August 2022.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections and materials on musicians, the performing arts, and the civil rights movement. It also holds the , which contains","This collection contains reel-to-reel tapes, as well as duplicates of these reels on cassette and CD of Paul Robeson's 1955 concert performance at Swarthmore, and his 1955 speech, \"America to Me, Waterboy.\"","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","This collection contains reel-to-reel tapes, as well as duplicates of these reels on cassette and CD of Paul Robeson's 1955 concert performance at Swarthmore, and his 1955 speech, \"America to Me, Waterboy.\"","George Mason University. Libraries. 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Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection donated by John Lofland in 1998."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans","African Americans -- Civil rights -- History -- 20th century","Music","Sound recordings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans","African Americans -- Civil rights -- History -- 20th century","Music","Sound recordings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Linear Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["1 Linear Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Sound recordings"],"date_range_isim":[1955],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single box collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single box collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePaul Robeson was a famous African American singer, actor, athlete, and civil rights advocate. Robeson made a name for himself in the 1930s performing Black spirituals, which he merged with various folk and national styles to champion the labor and social movements of his time. He sang for peace and justice in 25 languages throughout the U.S., Europe, the Soviet Union, and Africa. The quintessential cosmopolitan, Robeson became known as a citizen of the world, mingling effortlessly with the people of Moscow, Nairobi, and Harlem. Among his friends were future African leader Jomo Kenyatta, India's Nehru, historian Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois, anarchist Emma Goldman, and writers James Joyce and Ernest Hemingway. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1940s, when dissent was scarcely tolerated in the U.S., Robeson openly questioned why African Americans should fight in the army of a government that tolerated racism. Because of his outspokenness, he was accused by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) of being a Communist. The accusation nearly ended his career. Eighty of his concerts were canceled, and in 1949 two interracial outdoor concerts in Peekskill, N.Y. were attacked by racist mobs while state police stood idly by. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1950 the U.S. revoked Robeson's passport, leading to an eight-year battle to resecure it and to travel again. During those years, Robeson studied Chinese, met with Albert Einstein to discuss the prospects for world peace, published his autobiography, \u003ctitle\u003eHere I Stand\u003c/title\u003e, and sang at Carnegie Hall. Two major labor-related events took place during this time. In 1955 Robeson was invited by the Forum for Free Speech to speak and perform at Swarthmore College. It was at this event that the tapes featured in this collection were recorded. Paul Robeson retired from public life in 1963 and died on January 23, 1976, at age 77, in Philadelphia. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Paul Robeson was a famous African American singer, actor, athlete, and civil rights advocate. Robeson made a name for himself in the 1930s performing Black spirituals, which he merged with various folk and national styles to champion the labor and social movements of his time. He sang for peace and justice in 25 languages throughout the U.S., Europe, the Soviet Union, and Africa. The quintessential cosmopolitan, Robeson became known as a citizen of the world, mingling effortlessly with the people of Moscow, Nairobi, and Harlem. Among his friends were future African leader Jomo Kenyatta, India's Nehru, historian Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois, anarchist Emma Goldman, and writers James Joyce and Ernest Hemingway.","In the late 1940s, when dissent was scarcely tolerated in the U.S., Robeson openly questioned why African Americans should fight in the army of a government that tolerated racism. Because of his outspokenness, he was accused by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) of being a Communist. The accusation nearly ended his career. Eighty of his concerts were canceled, and in 1949 two interracial outdoor concerts in Peekskill, N.Y. were attacked by racist mobs while state police stood idly by.","In 1950 the U.S. revoked Robeson's passport, leading to an eight-year battle to resecure it and to travel again. During those years, Robeson studied Chinese, met with Albert Einstein to discuss the prospects for world peace, published his autobiography, Here I Stand, and sang at Carnegie Hall. Two major labor-related events took place during this time. 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EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in August 2022."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections and materials on musicians, the performing arts, and the civil rights movement. It also holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"San Francisco Poster Brigade collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0282\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, which contains \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"an illustrated poster of Robeson.\" href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/gmuarchives/49399268691/in/dateposted-public/\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections and materials on musicians, the performing arts, and the civil rights movement. It also holds the , which contains"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains reel-to-reel tapes, as well as duplicates of these reels on cassette and CD of Paul Robeson's 1955 concert performance at Swarthmore, and his 1955 speech, \"America to Me, Waterboy.\"\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains reel-to-reel tapes, as well as duplicates of these reels on cassette and CD of Paul Robeson's 1955 concert performance at Swarthmore, and his 1955 speech, \"America to Me, Waterboy.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ed7c3c203aa8c0c324420c33cc26e97c\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains reel-to-reel tapes, as well as duplicates of these reels on cassette and CD of Paul Robeson's 1955 concert performance at Swarthmore, and his 1955 speech, \"America to Me, Waterboy.\"\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains reel-to-reel tapes, as well as duplicates of these reels on cassette and CD of Paul Robeson's 1955 concert performance at Swarthmore, and his 1955 speech, \"America to Me, Waterboy.\""],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Lofland, John","Robeson, Paul, 1898-1976"],"names_coll_ssim":["Robeson, Paul, 1898-1976"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Lofland, John","Robeson, Paul, 1898-1976"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:55:07.784Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_53"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9884","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Pearl S. Buck letters, 1942/1963","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9884#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eTwo letters from Pearl S. Buck to her editor. The first letter refers to something enclosed that she wanted to say to African Americans. The enclosed item is not present. She sent copies of this letter to all African American journals, and was glad to have her editor use the letter if they wished on or after February 28.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9884#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9884","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9884","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9884","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9884","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9884.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Pearl S. Buck letter","title_ssm":["Pearl S. Buck letters"],"title_tesim":["Pearl S. Buck letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["1942 February 25 - 1963 January 18"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1942 February 25 - 1963 January 18"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942/1963"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Pearl S. Buck letters, 1942/1963"],"text":["Pearl S. Buck letters, 1942/1963","SC 01923","/repositories/2/resources/9884","Letter writing","African Americans","Authors, American--20th century","Women authors, American--20th century","Women--Virginia--History","Authors","Correspondence","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Collection arranged at the item level","Two letters from Pearl S. Buck to her editor. The first letter refers to something enclosed that she wanted to say to African Americans. The enclosed item is not present. She sent copies of this letter to all African American journals, and was glad to have her editor use the letter if they wished on or after February 28.","The second signed letter is from Pearl S. Buck to editor and publisher Michael Di Capua. Buck thanks him for her revisions to a \"short essay\" and refers to two questions he asked her, saying that she \"tried to answer\" them.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Pearl S. Buck letters, 1942/1963"],"collection_ssim":["Pearl S. Buck letters, 1942/1963"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 01923","/repositories/2/resources/9884"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 01923","/repositories/2/resources/9884"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased with the assistance of the Molly Elliot Seawell Endowment"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Letter writing","African Americans","Authors, American--20th century","Women authors, American--20th century","Women--Virginia--History","Authors","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Letter writing","African Americans","Authors, American--20th century","Women authors, American--20th century","Women--Virginia--History","Authors","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.02 Linear Feet 2 legal size folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.02 Linear Feet 2 legal size folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection arranged at the item level\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Collection arranged at the item level"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePearl S. Buck letters, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Pearl S. Buck letters, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwo letters from Pearl S. Buck to her editor. The first letter refers to something enclosed that she wanted to say to African Americans. The enclosed item is not present. She sent copies of this letter to all African American journals, and was glad to have her editor use the letter if they wished on or after February 28.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second signed letter is from Pearl S. Buck to editor and publisher Michael Di Capua. Buck thanks him for her revisions to a \"short essay\" and refers to two questions he asked her, saying that she \"tried to answer\" them.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Two letters from Pearl S. Buck to her editor. The first letter refers to something enclosed that she wanted to say to African Americans. The enclosed item is not present. She sent copies of this letter to all African American journals, and was glad to have her editor use the letter if they wished on or after February 28.","The second signed letter is from Pearl S. Buck to editor and publisher Michael Di Capua. Buck thanks him for her revisions to a \"short essay\" and refers to two questions he asked her, saying that she \"tried to answer\" them."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:50:34.320Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9884","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9884","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9884","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9884","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9884.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Pearl S. Buck letter","title_ssm":["Pearl S. Buck letters"],"title_tesim":["Pearl S. Buck letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["1942 February 25 - 1963 January 18"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1942 February 25 - 1963 January 18"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942/1963"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Pearl S. Buck letters, 1942/1963"],"text":["Pearl S. Buck letters, 1942/1963","SC 01923","/repositories/2/resources/9884","Letter writing","African Americans","Authors, American--20th century","Women authors, American--20th century","Women--Virginia--History","Authors","Correspondence","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Collection arranged at the item level","Two letters from Pearl S. Buck to her editor. The first letter refers to something enclosed that she wanted to say to African Americans. The enclosed item is not present. She sent copies of this letter to all African American journals, and was glad to have her editor use the letter if they wished on or after February 28.","The second signed letter is from Pearl S. Buck to editor and publisher Michael Di Capua. Buck thanks him for her revisions to a \"short essay\" and refers to two questions he asked her, saying that she \"tried to answer\" them.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Pearl S. Buck letters, 1942/1963"],"collection_ssim":["Pearl S. Buck letters, 1942/1963"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 01923","/repositories/2/resources/9884"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 01923","/repositories/2/resources/9884"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased with the assistance of the Molly Elliot Seawell Endowment"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Letter writing","African Americans","Authors, American--20th century","Women authors, American--20th century","Women--Virginia--History","Authors","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Letter writing","African Americans","Authors, American--20th century","Women authors, American--20th century","Women--Virginia--History","Authors","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.02 Linear Feet 2 legal size folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.02 Linear Feet 2 legal size folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection arranged at the item level\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Collection arranged at the item level"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePearl S. Buck letters, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Pearl S. Buck letters, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwo letters from Pearl S. Buck to her editor. The first letter refers to something enclosed that she wanted to say to African Americans. The enclosed item is not present. She sent copies of this letter to all African American journals, and was glad to have her editor use the letter if they wished on or after February 28.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second signed letter is from Pearl S. Buck to editor and publisher Michael Di Capua. Buck thanks him for her revisions to a \"short essay\" and refers to two questions he asked her, saying that she \"tried to answer\" them.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Two letters from Pearl S. Buck to her editor. The first letter refers to something enclosed that she wanted to say to African Americans. The enclosed item is not present. She sent copies of this letter to all African American journals, and was glad to have her editor use the letter if they wished on or after February 28.","The second signed letter is from Pearl S. Buck to editor and publisher Michael Di Capua. Buck thanks him for her revisions to a \"short essay\" and refers to two questions he asked her, saying that she \"tried to answer\" them."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:50:34.320Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9884"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_637","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Porgy and Bess poster collection, 1952/1956","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_637#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"George Mason University. Special Collections Research Center.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_637#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Content warning: Racist imagery. This collection contains posters promoting the American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA)-sponsored production of the Gershwin opera \"Porgy and Bess\" as it toured various countries - mostly European - during the mid-1950s. It also contains poster mock-ups and artwork related to the production.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_637#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_637","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_637","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_637","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_637","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_637.xml","title_ssm":["Porgy and Bess poster collection"],"title_tesim":["Porgy and Bess poster collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1952 - 1956"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1952 - 1956"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1952/1956"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Porgy and Bess poster collection, 1952/1956"],"text":["Porgy and Bess poster collection, 1952/1956","C0145","/repositories/2/resources/637","African Americans","Opera","Performing arts","Musical Theater","Theater","Theatrical posters","There are no access restrictions.","This posters in this collection were digitized by Kelsey Kim from May-June 2024 and are available to access upon request.","The posters are arranged alphabetically by country and city where they were performed.","\"Porgy and Bess\" is a 1934 American \"folk opera\" by George and Ira Gershwin, based on the play \"Porgy\" by Dorothy Heyward, which was itself an adaptation of the novel \"Porgy and Bess\" by DuBose Heyward. The opera tells the story of Porgy, a disabled Black man living in Catfish Row, a slum of Charleston, South Carolina. Porgy encounters Bess, a Black woman wishing to escape an abusive relationship with her lover, Crown, and her drug dealer, Sportin' Life. The two eventually begin living together and fall in love, with many consequences ensuing. \"Porgy and Bess\" is considered a classic of American opera and is performed to this day.","From its premiere, \"Porgy and Bess\" was controversial, mostly for the story's treatment of Black characters and perpetuating racial stereotypes. It was overall a commercial failure and met with little critical success. In 1942 a Broadway revival brought it back to the American public's attention, and the opera begin to receive success, which cemented it as a cultural touchstone. Eventually a large European tour was undertaken by Robert Breen and Blevins Davis of ANTA, which lasted from 1952 - 1956, to monumental success. The tour visited 89 cities and 29 countries. The opera's performance in the Soviet Union was considered the first cultural exchange post-World War II between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. The production eventually toured the United States, also to great success.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center Staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in April 2020.","Reprocessed by Amanda Brent from October 2021 - February 2022. Finding aid completed by Amanda Brent in February 2022. Inventory updated September 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the  and the .","The New York Public Library, Archives and Manuscripts Division holds the , which has materials from the United States ANTA tour.","Content warning: Racist imagery. This collection contains posters promoting the ANTA-sponsored production of \"Porgy and Bess\" as it toured various countries, mostly European, during the mid-1950s. It also includes poster mock-ups, drawings, and art related to the production.","German. Large ad page, brown background, middle ad for \"Porgy and Bess.\" Size: 33.75\" x 48\".","German. Large ad page, brown background, middle right ad for \"Porgy and Bess.\" Size: 34\" x 48\".","English. White background, blue and red lettering with musical and star design at top. Seemingly made for Americans abroad. Size: 27.5\" x 39.5\".","German. Mounted poster, white (now brown) with black lettering. Size: 17\" x 23.75\" (small).","Flemish. Vertical; black background with yellow lettering; white squares with black lettering; white border. Size: 22\" x 14.25\" (small). Two copies.","Flemish. Black background with white squares and black lettering; large bright yellow lettering in the middle of \"Porgy and Bess.\" Size: 31\" x 96\". Two copies.","French. Black background with white squares and black lettering; off white border; large lemon yellow letters in middle; yellow square at top with black lettering. Size: 23.5\" x 32.5\".","French. Black background, white boxes with black text, bright yellow letters. Size: 14.5\" x 22\" (small). Two copies.","French. Black background, white boxes with black text, bright green letters. Size: 23.5\" x 32.5\".","French. Black background, white boxes with black text, bright green letters. Size: 14.5\" x 22\" (small).","French. Large horizontal, black background, white boxes with black text, bright green letters. Size: 30.5\" x 93\".","Brazilian Portuguese. Four pieces; bright red background with off white border and white lettering inside of it. Size: 60\" x 92\". Two copies.","Czech. Wash out off-white background' small black lettering, larger bold red lettering; on left side square with words \"Porgy and Bess.'\" Size: 24\" x 34\". Two copies.","Danish. White background in middle with lime green lettering and black writing; black and white photographs taken from characters and scenes of the play act as the border. Size: 24\" x 33.25\". Two copies.","French. White background; blue border with white stars, blue and red letters. Size: 36\" x 47\". Two copies.","French, Egyptian Arabic. White background, blue star border, blue and red lettering, Egyptian Arabic words at top. Size: 35\" x 44.5\".","French. Off-white background, red and blue lettering. Size: 12\" x 18\". Three copies.","French. Purple background with white lettering. Size: 36'' x 53''. Two copies.","French. Horizontal black with white lettering, introductory text only. Size: 13\" x 47\". Two copies.","French. Green background with black and white lettering. Size: 16\" x 24\" (small). Two copies.","French. Vertical, dark green background with white border, large bold black letters. Size: 16\" x 23\" (small). Two copies.","French. Vertical, dark green background with white border, large bold black letters. Size: 5.25\" x 8.25\" (small).","French. Horizontal, dark green background with white border, large bold black letters. Size: 31.5\" x 47.","French. Large, vertical dark green background with black and white lettering. Size: 37.5\" x 59\". Two copies.","French. Large, horizontal dark green background with black and white lettering, white border. Size: 46\" x 92\".","German. Off-white background, with blue sketch-like illustration of village; magenta and black lettering through the center. Size: 24\" x 33\". Two copies.","German. Beige background, black and red lettering. Size: 23.5\" x 33\". Middle bottom \"Porgy and Bess\" ad for Titania Palast performance.","German. Lemon yellow background with orange border on the top and bottom; orange and black lettering. Size: 23.5\" x 33.5\". Two copies.","German. White background with black lettering; blue patch with Porgy and Bess written in yellow in the middle. Size: 23.5\" x 33.5\". Two copies.","German. White background with black lettering, blue patch of color in middle with \"Porgy and Bess\" written in yellow.","German. Beige background, gold/beige lettering top and bottom, blue bars with white lettering at top and middle. Size: 16\" x 23\".","German. Light yellow background; black border on sides; red border on top and bottom and orange lettering. Size: 24.25\" x 33.5\". Two copies.","German. Brick colored border surrounding off-white background; brick colored lettering. Size: 23\" x 33\".","German. Black and white background with large neon yellow, black, and white lettering. Size: 33.5\" x 47\". Three copies.","German. Two pieces, bright red background with neon yellow lettering reading \"Porgy and Bess\" across the front. Size: 33.5\" x 47\". Two copies.","German. Two pieces, black background with large neon yellow lettering in the middle. Size: 33.5\" x 47\". Two copies.","Greek. Mounted poster, illustrating in blue, yellow, green, with white lettering. Size: 14\" x 19\" (small). Two copies.","Hebrew. White background, red and blue lettering. Size: 25\" x 37.25\". Two copies.","Italian. Vertical, off white background with red and black lettering. Size: 13\" x 27\" (small). Three copies.","Italian. Mustard yellow background with black lettering, red lettering in upper half, two purple stamp like pictures on lower left part. Size: 27.5\" x 39.5\". Two copies.","Italian. Vertical, beige background with brown and red lettering, has a shield like emblem border at top. Size: 14\" x 40\". Two copies.","Italian. Vertical, beige background with black lettering, has a shield like emblem border at top. Size: 14\" x 40\".","Italian. Light brown, emblem decoration at top border. Size: 27.5\" x 39.5\". Two copies.","Italian. Light brown, emblem decoration at top border, in three pieces. Size: 39.5\" x 79\".","Italian. Light brown, emblem decoration at top border. Size: 10.5\" x 15\" (small). Three copies.","Italian. Bright blue background with a yellow and green illustration of village, white border, white lettering. Size: 27.5\" x 39.5\". Two copies.","Italian. Bright yellow background, black and red lettering. Size: 38\" x 52\". Two copies.","Italian. Bright yellow background, black lettering, red lettering at top. Size: 26\" x 38\". Two copies.","Italian. Black background yellow lettering and drawing. Size: 24.5\" x 37\".","Italian. Bright mustard yellow background, brown border, red and brown lettering. Size: 13\" x 22\" (small). Three copies.","Italian. Bright yellow background, black and red lettering. Size: 40\" x 55\". Two copies.","Italian. Bright yellow background, black and red lettering. Size: 53\" x 80\".","Italian. Vertical, blue background with black and red lettering. Size: 14\" x 39.5\". Two copies.","Italian. Brown and red lettering, yellow background. Size: 28\" x 39.5\".","Italian. Bright yellow with black and red lettering. Size: 39.5\" x 55\". Duplicate of second panel.","Italian. Vertical, yellow background with black and red lettering. Size: 14\" x 39.5\". Two copies.","Italian. Four panels, one duplicate of last panel. Green and bright yellow ombre background, large red lettering, black lettering at bottom. Size: 55\" x 79\".","Italian. Vertical, off white, pink illustration of a lady in the background. Size: 13\" x 28\" (small). Two copies.","Italian. Pink and yellow illustration with black lettering. Size: 26\" x 38\". Two copies.","Italian. Red background with half facial photo of George Gershwin in upper right, racist caricature illustration on left. Size: 28\" x 40\". Two copies.","Italian. Long, vertical, yellow background with red lettering. Size: 14\" x 40\".","Italian. Long, vertical, blue background, with red and black lettering. Size: 14\" x 40\". Two copies.","Italian. Long, vertical, white background, with red and black lettering. Size: 14\" x 40\". Two copies.","Italian. Large, off white, red and black lettering. Size: 40\" x 52\".","Italian. Long, vertical, pink background, with red and black lettering. Size: 14\" x 40\".","Dutch. White border, black lettering within white squares, yellow squares with black lettering, bright yellow lettering in middle. Size: 33.5\" x 47\". Two copies.","Dutch. Black background and yellow lettering. Size: 23\" x 34\".","Spanish. Brown background, black lettering. Size: 33.5\" x 50\". Two copies.","Polish. White background, blue and red lettering. Size: 28\" x 40\". Two copies.","Polish. Purple background, multicolored swuares, with drawn figure. Size: 26\" x 39\".","Spanish. Large, off white with brown and red lettering, branch style border with leaves on it. Size: 34.5\" x 49.5\". Two copies.","French. Washed out yellow background with black and red lettering, bold red lettering in middle. Size: 36\"x 50\". Two copies.","French. Washed out yellow background with black and red lettering, bold red lettering in middle. Size: 14\" x 28\" (small). Three copies.","German. Light green background with painted color figures of Porgy and Bess, black sketch of village, blue lettering on top. Size: 35.5\" x 50\". Two copies.","German. Light green background with painted color figures of Porgy and Bess, black sketch of village, blue lettering on top. Size: 11.5\" x 20\" (small). Three copies.","French. White background, red border, white and red lettering. Possible produced by newspaper Hebdomadaire Romand. Size: 13.75\" x 20\" (small).","English. Two shades of orange background, black and white lettering, illustration of couple dancing in middle, both posters mounted on board. Size: 14\" x 20\" (small). Two copies.","English. Red background, black and red lettering, mounted on board. Size: 14\" x 22\" (small).","English. Red background, black and red lettering (same design as previous poster), only bottom panel available. Size: 29\" x 41\".","Russia. White background, blue and red lettering. Size: 28.5\" x 42.5\". Two copies.","Russian. Ad poster, salmon pink, black lettering. Size: 30.5\" x 44.5\".","Russian. Light brown background, red and black lettering with \"Porgy and Bess\" on schedule. Size: 11.75\" x 16.5\" (small).","Croatian. Beige background, purple and white lettering. Size: 28\" x 39.5\". Two copies.","Croatian. Beige background, black and red lettering. Size: 8.25\" x 11.5\" (small).","French, English Egyptian Arabic (?). Tan background, red and black text. Size: 7.5\" x 11\" (small). Two copies.","Multiple \"Porgy and Bess\" poster mock-ups, set/scene drawings, and copies of drawings. Included is a program for a Federal Theatre Project \"Negro Unit\" production of Macbeth.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Content warning: Racist imagery. This collection contains posters promoting the American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA)-sponsored production of the Gershwin opera \"Porgy and Bess\" as it toured various countries - mostly European - during the mid-1950s. It also contains poster mock-ups and artwork related to the production.","Map cases 10.1 - 10.2","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American National Theatre and Academy","George Mason University. Special Collections Research Center.","Arabic\n      Croatian\n      Czech\n      Danish\n      Dutch; Flemish\n      English\n      French\n      German\n      Greek, Modern (1453-)\n      Hebrew\n      Italian\n      Polish\n      Portuguese\n      Spanish; Castilian\n      Russian"],"collection_title_tesim":["Porgy and Bess poster collection, 1952/1956"],"collection_ssim":["Porgy and Bess poster collection, 1952/1956"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0145","/repositories/2/resources/637"],"unitid_tesim":["C0145","/repositories/2/resources/637"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Special Collections Research Center."],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections Research Center."],"creator_persname_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections Research Center."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American National Theatre and Academy"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections Research Center.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American National Theatre and Academy"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection donated by Lorraine Brown in 1995."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans","Opera","Performing arts","Musical Theater","Theater","Theatrical posters"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans","Opera","Performing arts","Musical Theater","Theater","Theatrical posters"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["84 posters; poster mock-ups and artwork"],"extent_tesim":["84 posters; poster mock-ups and artwork"],"genreform_ssim":["Theatrical posters"],"date_range_isim":[1952,1953,1954,1955,1956],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis posters in this collection were digitized by Kelsey Kim from May-June 2024 and are available to access upon request.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternate Format Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["This posters in this collection were digitized by Kelsey Kim from May-June 2024 and are available to access upon request."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe posters are arranged alphabetically by country and city where they were performed.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The posters are arranged alphabetically by country and city where they were performed."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Porgy and Bess\" is a 1934 American \"folk opera\" by George and Ira Gershwin, based on the play \"Porgy\" by Dorothy Heyward, which was itself an adaptation of the novel \"Porgy and Bess\" by DuBose Heyward. The opera tells the story of Porgy, a disabled Black man living in Catfish Row, a slum of Charleston, South Carolina. Porgy encounters Bess, a Black woman wishing to escape an abusive relationship with her lover, Crown, and her drug dealer, Sportin' Life. The two eventually begin living together and fall in love, with many consequences ensuing. \"Porgy and Bess\" is considered a classic of American opera and is performed to this day.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom its premiere, \"Porgy and Bess\" was controversial, mostly for the story's treatment of Black characters and perpetuating racial stereotypes. It was overall a commercial failure and met with little critical success. In 1942 a Broadway revival brought it back to the American public's attention, and the opera begin to receive success, which cemented it as a cultural touchstone. Eventually a large European tour was undertaken by Robert Breen and Blevins Davis of ANTA, which lasted from 1952 - 1956, to monumental success. The tour visited 89 cities and 29 countries. The opera's performance in the Soviet Union was considered the first cultural exchange post-World War II between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. The production eventually toured the United States, also to great success.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["\"Porgy and Bess\" is a 1934 American \"folk opera\" by George and Ira Gershwin, based on the play \"Porgy\" by Dorothy Heyward, which was itself an adaptation of the novel \"Porgy and Bess\" by DuBose Heyward. The opera tells the story of Porgy, a disabled Black man living in Catfish Row, a slum of Charleston, South Carolina. Porgy encounters Bess, a Black woman wishing to escape an abusive relationship with her lover, Crown, and her drug dealer, Sportin' Life. The two eventually begin living together and fall in love, with many consequences ensuing. \"Porgy and Bess\" is considered a classic of American opera and is performed to this day.","From its premiere, \"Porgy and Bess\" was controversial, mostly for the story's treatment of Black characters and perpetuating racial stereotypes. It was overall a commercial failure and met with little critical success. In 1942 a Broadway revival brought it back to the American public's attention, and the opera begin to receive success, which cemented it as a cultural touchstone. Eventually a large European tour was undertaken by Robert Breen and Blevins Davis of ANTA, which lasted from 1952 - 1956, to monumental success. The tour visited 89 cities and 29 countries. The opera's performance in the Soviet Union was considered the first cultural exchange post-World War II between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. The production eventually toured the United States, also to great success."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePorgy and Bess poster collection, C0145, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Porgy and Bess poster collection, C0145, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center Staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in April 2020. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReprocessed by Amanda Brent from October 2021 - February 2022. Finding aid completed by Amanda Brent in February 2022. Inventory updated September 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center Staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in April 2020.","Reprocessed by Amanda Brent from October 2021 - February 2022. Finding aid completed by Amanda Brent in February 2022. Inventory updated September 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0004\" title=\"Robert and Wilva Breen papers\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and the \u003cextptr href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0289\" title=\"Porgy and Bess letter from James Tipton\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe New York Public Library, Archives and Manuscripts Division holds the \u003cextptr href=\"https://archives.nypl.org/scm/21118\" title=\"Porgy and Bess collection\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, which has materials from the United States ANTA tour.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the  and the .","The New York Public Library, Archives and Manuscripts Division holds the , which has materials from the United States ANTA tour."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContent warning: Racist imagery. This collection contains posters promoting the ANTA-sponsored production of \"Porgy and Bess\" as it toured various countries, mostly European, during the mid-1950s. It also includes poster mock-ups, drawings, and art related to the production.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eGerman. Large ad page, brown background, middle ad for \"Porgy and Bess.\" Size: 33.75\" x 48\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman. Large ad page, brown background, middle right ad for \"Porgy and Bess.\" Size: 34\" x 48\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish. White background, blue and red lettering with musical and star design at top. Seemingly made for Americans abroad. Size: 27.5\" x 39.5\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman. Mounted poster, white (now brown) with black lettering. Size: 17\" x 23.75\" (small).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlemish. Vertical; black background with yellow lettering; white squares with black lettering; white border. Size: 22\" x 14.25\" (small). Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlemish. Black background with white squares and black lettering; large bright yellow lettering in the middle of \"Porgy and Bess.\" Size: 31\" x 96\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Black background with white squares and black lettering; off white border; large lemon yellow letters in middle; yellow square at top with black lettering. Size: 23.5\" x 32.5\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Black background, white boxes with black text, bright yellow letters. Size: 14.5\" x 22\" (small). Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Black background, white boxes with black text, bright green letters. Size: 23.5\" x 32.5\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Black background, white boxes with black text, bright green letters. Size: 14.5\" x 22\" (small).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Large horizontal, black background, white boxes with black text, bright green letters. Size: 30.5\" x 93\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrazilian Portuguese. Four pieces; bright red background with off white border and white lettering inside of it. Size: 60\" x 92\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCzech. Wash out off-white background' small black lettering, larger bold red lettering; on left side square with words \"Porgy and Bess.'\" Size: 24\" x 34\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDanish. White background in middle with lime green lettering and black writing; black and white photographs taken from characters and scenes of the play act as the border. Size: 24\" x 33.25\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. White background; blue border with white stars, blue and red letters. Size: 36\" x 47\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench, Egyptian Arabic. White background, blue star border, blue and red lettering, Egyptian Arabic words at top. Size: 35\" x 44.5\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Off-white background, red and blue lettering. Size: 12\" x 18\". Three copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Purple background with white lettering. Size: 36'' x 53''. Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Horizontal black with white lettering, introductory text only. Size: 13\" x 47\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Green background with black and white lettering. Size: 16\" x 24\" (small). Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Vertical, dark green background with white border, large bold black letters. Size: 16\" x 23\" (small). Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Vertical, dark green background with white border, large bold black letters. Size: 5.25\" x 8.25\" (small).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Horizontal, dark green background with white border, large bold black letters. Size: 31.5\" x 47.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Large, vertical dark green background with black and white lettering. Size: 37.5\" x 59\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Large, horizontal dark green background with black and white lettering, white border. Size: 46\" x 92\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman. Off-white background, with blue sketch-like illustration of village; magenta and black lettering through the center. Size: 24\" x 33\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman. Beige background, black and red lettering. Size: 23.5\" x 33\". Middle bottom \"Porgy and Bess\" ad for Titania Palast performance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman. Lemon yellow background with orange border on the top and bottom; orange and black lettering. Size: 23.5\" x 33.5\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman. White background with black lettering; blue patch with Porgy and Bess written in yellow in the middle. Size: 23.5\" x 33.5\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman. White background with black lettering, blue patch of color in middle with \"Porgy and Bess\" written in yellow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman. Beige background, gold/beige lettering top and bottom, blue bars with white lettering at top and middle. Size: 16\" x 23\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman. Light yellow background; black border on sides; red border on top and bottom and orange lettering. Size: 24.25\" x 33.5\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman. Brick colored border surrounding off-white background; brick colored lettering. Size: 23\" x 33\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman. Black and white background with large neon yellow, black, and white lettering. Size: 33.5\" x 47\". Three copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman. Two pieces, bright red background with neon yellow lettering reading \"Porgy and Bess\" across the front. Size: 33.5\" x 47\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman. Two pieces, black background with large neon yellow lettering in the middle. Size: 33.5\" x 47\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGreek. Mounted poster, illustrating in blue, yellow, green, with white lettering. Size: 14\" x 19\" (small). Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHebrew. White background, red and blue lettering. Size: 25\" x 37.25\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Vertical, off white background with red and black lettering. Size: 13\" x 27\" (small). Three copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Mustard yellow background with black lettering, red lettering in upper half, two purple stamp like pictures on lower left part. Size: 27.5\" x 39.5\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Vertical, beige background with brown and red lettering, has a shield like emblem border at top. Size: 14\" x 40\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Vertical, beige background with black lettering, has a shield like emblem border at top. Size: 14\" x 40\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Light brown, emblem decoration at top border. Size: 27.5\" x 39.5\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Light brown, emblem decoration at top border, in three pieces. Size: 39.5\" x 79\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Light brown, emblem decoration at top border. Size: 10.5\" x 15\" (small). Three copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Bright blue background with a yellow and green illustration of village, white border, white lettering. Size: 27.5\" x 39.5\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Bright yellow background, black and red lettering. Size: 38\" x 52\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Bright yellow background, black lettering, red lettering at top. Size: 26\" x 38\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Black background yellow lettering and drawing. Size: 24.5\" x 37\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Bright mustard yellow background, brown border, red and brown lettering. Size: 13\" x 22\" (small). Three copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Bright yellow background, black and red lettering. Size: 40\" x 55\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Bright yellow background, black and red lettering. Size: 53\" x 80\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Vertical, blue background with black and red lettering. Size: 14\" x 39.5\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Brown and red lettering, yellow background. Size: 28\" x 39.5\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Bright yellow with black and red lettering. Size: 39.5\" x 55\". Duplicate of second panel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Vertical, yellow background with black and red lettering. Size: 14\" x 39.5\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Four panels, one duplicate of last panel. Green and bright yellow ombre background, large red lettering, black lettering at bottom. Size: 55\" x 79\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Vertical, off white, pink illustration of a lady in the background. Size: 13\" x 28\" (small). Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Pink and yellow illustration with black lettering. Size: 26\" x 38\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Red background with half facial photo of George Gershwin in upper right, racist caricature illustration on left. Size: 28\" x 40\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Long, vertical, yellow background with red lettering. Size: 14\" x 40\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Long, vertical, blue background, with red and black lettering. Size: 14\" x 40\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Long, vertical, white background, with red and black lettering. Size: 14\" x 40\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Large, off white, red and black lettering. Size: 40\" x 52\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Long, vertical, pink background, with red and black lettering. Size: 14\" x 40\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDutch. White border, black lettering within white squares, yellow squares with black lettering, bright yellow lettering in middle. Size: 33.5\" x 47\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDutch. Black background and yellow lettering. Size: 23\" x 34\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpanish. Brown background, black lettering. Size: 33.5\" x 50\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePolish. White background, blue and red lettering. Size: 28\" x 40\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePolish. Purple background, multicolored swuares, with drawn figure. Size: 26\" x 39\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpanish. Large, off white with brown and red lettering, branch style border with leaves on it. Size: 34.5\" x 49.5\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Washed out yellow background with black and red lettering, bold red lettering in middle. Size: 36\"x 50\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Washed out yellow background with black and red lettering, bold red lettering in middle. Size: 14\" x 28\" (small). Three copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman. Light green background with painted color figures of Porgy and Bess, black sketch of village, blue lettering on top. Size: 35.5\" x 50\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman. Light green background with painted color figures of Porgy and Bess, black sketch of village, blue lettering on top. Size: 11.5\" x 20\" (small). Three copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. White background, red border, white and red lettering. Possible produced by newspaper Hebdomadaire Romand. Size: 13.75\" x 20\" (small).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish. Two shades of orange background, black and white lettering, illustration of couple dancing in middle, both posters mounted on board. Size: 14\" x 20\" (small). Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish. Red background, black and red lettering, mounted on board. Size: 14\" x 22\" (small).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish. Red background, black and red lettering (same design as previous poster), only bottom panel available. Size: 29\" x 41\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRussia. White background, blue and red lettering. Size: 28.5\" x 42.5\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRussian. Ad poster, salmon pink, black lettering. Size: 30.5\" x 44.5\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRussian. Light brown background, red and black lettering with \"Porgy and Bess\" on schedule. Size: 11.75\" x 16.5\" (small).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCroatian. Beige background, purple and white lettering. Size: 28\" x 39.5\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCroatian. Beige background, black and red lettering. Size: 8.25\" x 11.5\" (small).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench, English Egyptian Arabic (?). Tan background, red and black text. Size: 7.5\" x 11\" (small). Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMultiple \"Porgy and Bess\" poster mock-ups, set/scene drawings, and copies of drawings. Included is a program for a Federal Theatre Project \"Negro Unit\" production of Macbeth.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Content warning: Racist imagery. This collection contains posters promoting the ANTA-sponsored production of \"Porgy and Bess\" as it toured various countries, mostly European, during the mid-1950s. It also includes poster mock-ups, drawings, and art related to the production.","German. Large ad page, brown background, middle ad for \"Porgy and Bess.\" Size: 33.75\" x 48\".","German. Large ad page, brown background, middle right ad for \"Porgy and Bess.\" Size: 34\" x 48\".","English. White background, blue and red lettering with musical and star design at top. Seemingly made for Americans abroad. Size: 27.5\" x 39.5\".","German. Mounted poster, white (now brown) with black lettering. Size: 17\" x 23.75\" (small).","Flemish. Vertical; black background with yellow lettering; white squares with black lettering; white border. Size: 22\" x 14.25\" (small). Two copies.","Flemish. Black background with white squares and black lettering; large bright yellow lettering in the middle of \"Porgy and Bess.\" Size: 31\" x 96\". Two copies.","French. Black background with white squares and black lettering; off white border; large lemon yellow letters in middle; yellow square at top with black lettering. Size: 23.5\" x 32.5\".","French. Black background, white boxes with black text, bright yellow letters. Size: 14.5\" x 22\" (small). Two copies.","French. Black background, white boxes with black text, bright green letters. Size: 23.5\" x 32.5\".","French. Black background, white boxes with black text, bright green letters. Size: 14.5\" x 22\" (small).","French. Large horizontal, black background, white boxes with black text, bright green letters. Size: 30.5\" x 93\".","Brazilian Portuguese. Four pieces; bright red background with off white border and white lettering inside of it. Size: 60\" x 92\". Two copies.","Czech. Wash out off-white background' small black lettering, larger bold red lettering; on left side square with words \"Porgy and Bess.'\" Size: 24\" x 34\". Two copies.","Danish. White background in middle with lime green lettering and black writing; black and white photographs taken from characters and scenes of the play act as the border. Size: 24\" x 33.25\". Two copies.","French. White background; blue border with white stars, blue and red letters. Size: 36\" x 47\". Two copies.","French, Egyptian Arabic. White background, blue star border, blue and red lettering, Egyptian Arabic words at top. Size: 35\" x 44.5\".","French. Off-white background, red and blue lettering. Size: 12\" x 18\". Three copies.","French. Purple background with white lettering. Size: 36'' x 53''. Two copies.","French. Horizontal black with white lettering, introductory text only. Size: 13\" x 47\". Two copies.","French. Green background with black and white lettering. Size: 16\" x 24\" (small). Two copies.","French. Vertical, dark green background with white border, large bold black letters. Size: 16\" x 23\" (small). Two copies.","French. Vertical, dark green background with white border, large bold black letters. Size: 5.25\" x 8.25\" (small).","French. Horizontal, dark green background with white border, large bold black letters. Size: 31.5\" x 47.","French. Large, vertical dark green background with black and white lettering. Size: 37.5\" x 59\". Two copies.","French. Large, horizontal dark green background with black and white lettering, white border. Size: 46\" x 92\".","German. Off-white background, with blue sketch-like illustration of village; magenta and black lettering through the center. Size: 24\" x 33\". Two copies.","German. Beige background, black and red lettering. Size: 23.5\" x 33\". Middle bottom \"Porgy and Bess\" ad for Titania Palast performance.","German. Lemon yellow background with orange border on the top and bottom; orange and black lettering. Size: 23.5\" x 33.5\". Two copies.","German. White background with black lettering; blue patch with Porgy and Bess written in yellow in the middle. Size: 23.5\" x 33.5\". Two copies.","German. White background with black lettering, blue patch of color in middle with \"Porgy and Bess\" written in yellow.","German. Beige background, gold/beige lettering top and bottom, blue bars with white lettering at top and middle. Size: 16\" x 23\".","German. Light yellow background; black border on sides; red border on top and bottom and orange lettering. Size: 24.25\" x 33.5\". Two copies.","German. Brick colored border surrounding off-white background; brick colored lettering. Size: 23\" x 33\".","German. Black and white background with large neon yellow, black, and white lettering. Size: 33.5\" x 47\". Three copies.","German. Two pieces, bright red background with neon yellow lettering reading \"Porgy and Bess\" across the front. Size: 33.5\" x 47\". Two copies.","German. Two pieces, black background with large neon yellow lettering in the middle. Size: 33.5\" x 47\". Two copies.","Greek. Mounted poster, illustrating in blue, yellow, green, with white lettering. Size: 14\" x 19\" (small). Two copies.","Hebrew. White background, red and blue lettering. Size: 25\" x 37.25\". Two copies.","Italian. Vertical, off white background with red and black lettering. Size: 13\" x 27\" (small). Three copies.","Italian. Mustard yellow background with black lettering, red lettering in upper half, two purple stamp like pictures on lower left part. Size: 27.5\" x 39.5\". Two copies.","Italian. Vertical, beige background with brown and red lettering, has a shield like emblem border at top. Size: 14\" x 40\". Two copies.","Italian. Vertical, beige background with black lettering, has a shield like emblem border at top. Size: 14\" x 40\".","Italian. Light brown, emblem decoration at top border. Size: 27.5\" x 39.5\". Two copies.","Italian. Light brown, emblem decoration at top border, in three pieces. Size: 39.5\" x 79\".","Italian. Light brown, emblem decoration at top border. Size: 10.5\" x 15\" (small). Three copies.","Italian. Bright blue background with a yellow and green illustration of village, white border, white lettering. Size: 27.5\" x 39.5\". Two copies.","Italian. Bright yellow background, black and red lettering. Size: 38\" x 52\". Two copies.","Italian. Bright yellow background, black lettering, red lettering at top. Size: 26\" x 38\". Two copies.","Italian. Black background yellow lettering and drawing. Size: 24.5\" x 37\".","Italian. Bright mustard yellow background, brown border, red and brown lettering. Size: 13\" x 22\" (small). Three copies.","Italian. Bright yellow background, black and red lettering. Size: 40\" x 55\". Two copies.","Italian. Bright yellow background, black and red lettering. Size: 53\" x 80\".","Italian. Vertical, blue background with black and red lettering. Size: 14\" x 39.5\". Two copies.","Italian. Brown and red lettering, yellow background. Size: 28\" x 39.5\".","Italian. Bright yellow with black and red lettering. Size: 39.5\" x 55\". Duplicate of second panel.","Italian. Vertical, yellow background with black and red lettering. Size: 14\" x 39.5\". Two copies.","Italian. Four panels, one duplicate of last panel. Green and bright yellow ombre background, large red lettering, black lettering at bottom. Size: 55\" x 79\".","Italian. Vertical, off white, pink illustration of a lady in the background. Size: 13\" x 28\" (small). Two copies.","Italian. Pink and yellow illustration with black lettering. Size: 26\" x 38\". Two copies.","Italian. Red background with half facial photo of George Gershwin in upper right, racist caricature illustration on left. Size: 28\" x 40\". Two copies.","Italian. Long, vertical, yellow background with red lettering. Size: 14\" x 40\".","Italian. Long, vertical, blue background, with red and black lettering. Size: 14\" x 40\". Two copies.","Italian. Long, vertical, white background, with red and black lettering. Size: 14\" x 40\". Two copies.","Italian. Large, off white, red and black lettering. Size: 40\" x 52\".","Italian. Long, vertical, pink background, with red and black lettering. Size: 14\" x 40\".","Dutch. White border, black lettering within white squares, yellow squares with black lettering, bright yellow lettering in middle. Size: 33.5\" x 47\". Two copies.","Dutch. Black background and yellow lettering. Size: 23\" x 34\".","Spanish. Brown background, black lettering. Size: 33.5\" x 50\". Two copies.","Polish. White background, blue and red lettering. Size: 28\" x 40\". Two copies.","Polish. Purple background, multicolored swuares, with drawn figure. Size: 26\" x 39\".","Spanish. Large, off white with brown and red lettering, branch style border with leaves on it. Size: 34.5\" x 49.5\". Two copies.","French. Washed out yellow background with black and red lettering, bold red lettering in middle. Size: 36\"x 50\". Two copies.","French. Washed out yellow background with black and red lettering, bold red lettering in middle. Size: 14\" x 28\" (small). Three copies.","German. Light green background with painted color figures of Porgy and Bess, black sketch of village, blue lettering on top. Size: 35.5\" x 50\". Two copies.","German. Light green background with painted color figures of Porgy and Bess, black sketch of village, blue lettering on top. Size: 11.5\" x 20\" (small). Three copies.","French. White background, red border, white and red lettering. Possible produced by newspaper Hebdomadaire Romand. Size: 13.75\" x 20\" (small).","English. Two shades of orange background, black and white lettering, illustration of couple dancing in middle, both posters mounted on board. Size: 14\" x 20\" (small). Two copies.","English. Red background, black and red lettering, mounted on board. Size: 14\" x 22\" (small).","English. Red background, black and red lettering (same design as previous poster), only bottom panel available. Size: 29\" x 41\".","Russia. White background, blue and red lettering. Size: 28.5\" x 42.5\". Two copies.","Russian. Ad poster, salmon pink, black lettering. Size: 30.5\" x 44.5\".","Russian. Light brown background, red and black lettering with \"Porgy and Bess\" on schedule. Size: 11.75\" x 16.5\" (small).","Croatian. Beige background, purple and white lettering. Size: 28\" x 39.5\". Two copies.","Croatian. Beige background, black and red lettering. Size: 8.25\" x 11.5\" (small).","French, English Egyptian Arabic (?). Tan background, red and black text. Size: 7.5\" x 11\" (small). Two copies.","Multiple \"Porgy and Bess\" poster mock-ups, set/scene drawings, and copies of drawings. Included is a program for a Federal Theatre Project \"Negro Unit\" production of Macbeth."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_32cf273d7a094b56619b7083b3a97a6c\"\u003eContent warning: Racist imagery. This collection contains posters promoting the American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA)-sponsored production of the Gershwin opera \"Porgy and Bess\" as it toured various countries - mostly European - during the mid-1950s. It also contains poster mock-ups and artwork related to the production.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Content warning: Racist imagery. This collection contains posters promoting the American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA)-sponsored production of the Gershwin opera \"Porgy and Bess\" as it toured various countries - mostly European - during the mid-1950s. It also contains poster mock-ups and artwork related to the production."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_603b4ba9d7c49a6f200f0087fcd3137b\"\u003eMap cases 10.1 - 10.2\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Map cases 10.1 - 10.2"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American National Theatre and Academy"],"names_coll_ssim":["American National Theatre and Academy"],"persname_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections Research Center."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American National Theatre and Academy","George Mason University. Special Collections Research Center."],"language_ssim":["Arabic\n      Croatian\n      Czech\n      Danish\n      Dutch; Flemish\n      English\n      French\n      German\n      Greek, Modern (1453-)\n      Hebrew\n      Italian\n      Polish\n      Portuguese\n      Spanish; Castilian\n      Russian"],"total_component_count_is":86,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:55:22.308Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_637","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_637","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_637","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_637","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_637.xml","title_ssm":["Porgy and Bess poster collection"],"title_tesim":["Porgy and Bess poster collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1952 - 1956"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1952 - 1956"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1952/1956"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Porgy and Bess poster collection, 1952/1956"],"text":["Porgy and Bess poster collection, 1952/1956","C0145","/repositories/2/resources/637","African Americans","Opera","Performing arts","Musical Theater","Theater","Theatrical posters","There are no access restrictions.","This posters in this collection were digitized by Kelsey Kim from May-June 2024 and are available to access upon request.","The posters are arranged alphabetically by country and city where they were performed.","\"Porgy and Bess\" is a 1934 American \"folk opera\" by George and Ira Gershwin, based on the play \"Porgy\" by Dorothy Heyward, which was itself an adaptation of the novel \"Porgy and Bess\" by DuBose Heyward. The opera tells the story of Porgy, a disabled Black man living in Catfish Row, a slum of Charleston, South Carolina. Porgy encounters Bess, a Black woman wishing to escape an abusive relationship with her lover, Crown, and her drug dealer, Sportin' Life. The two eventually begin living together and fall in love, with many consequences ensuing. \"Porgy and Bess\" is considered a classic of American opera and is performed to this day.","From its premiere, \"Porgy and Bess\" was controversial, mostly for the story's treatment of Black characters and perpetuating racial stereotypes. It was overall a commercial failure and met with little critical success. In 1942 a Broadway revival brought it back to the American public's attention, and the opera begin to receive success, which cemented it as a cultural touchstone. Eventually a large European tour was undertaken by Robert Breen and Blevins Davis of ANTA, which lasted from 1952 - 1956, to monumental success. The tour visited 89 cities and 29 countries. The opera's performance in the Soviet Union was considered the first cultural exchange post-World War II between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. The production eventually toured the United States, also to great success.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center Staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in April 2020.","Reprocessed by Amanda Brent from October 2021 - February 2022. Finding aid completed by Amanda Brent in February 2022. Inventory updated September 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the  and the .","The New York Public Library, Archives and Manuscripts Division holds the , which has materials from the United States ANTA tour.","Content warning: Racist imagery. This collection contains posters promoting the ANTA-sponsored production of \"Porgy and Bess\" as it toured various countries, mostly European, during the mid-1950s. It also includes poster mock-ups, drawings, and art related to the production.","German. Large ad page, brown background, middle ad for \"Porgy and Bess.\" Size: 33.75\" x 48\".","German. Large ad page, brown background, middle right ad for \"Porgy and Bess.\" Size: 34\" x 48\".","English. White background, blue and red lettering with musical and star design at top. Seemingly made for Americans abroad. Size: 27.5\" x 39.5\".","German. Mounted poster, white (now brown) with black lettering. Size: 17\" x 23.75\" (small).","Flemish. Vertical; black background with yellow lettering; white squares with black lettering; white border. Size: 22\" x 14.25\" (small). Two copies.","Flemish. Black background with white squares and black lettering; large bright yellow lettering in the middle of \"Porgy and Bess.\" Size: 31\" x 96\". Two copies.","French. Black background with white squares and black lettering; off white border; large lemon yellow letters in middle; yellow square at top with black lettering. Size: 23.5\" x 32.5\".","French. Black background, white boxes with black text, bright yellow letters. Size: 14.5\" x 22\" (small). Two copies.","French. Black background, white boxes with black text, bright green letters. Size: 23.5\" x 32.5\".","French. Black background, white boxes with black text, bright green letters. Size: 14.5\" x 22\" (small).","French. Large horizontal, black background, white boxes with black text, bright green letters. Size: 30.5\" x 93\".","Brazilian Portuguese. Four pieces; bright red background with off white border and white lettering inside of it. Size: 60\" x 92\". Two copies.","Czech. Wash out off-white background' small black lettering, larger bold red lettering; on left side square with words \"Porgy and Bess.'\" Size: 24\" x 34\". Two copies.","Danish. White background in middle with lime green lettering and black writing; black and white photographs taken from characters and scenes of the play act as the border. Size: 24\" x 33.25\". Two copies.","French. White background; blue border with white stars, blue and red letters. Size: 36\" x 47\". Two copies.","French, Egyptian Arabic. White background, blue star border, blue and red lettering, Egyptian Arabic words at top. Size: 35\" x 44.5\".","French. Off-white background, red and blue lettering. Size: 12\" x 18\". Three copies.","French. Purple background with white lettering. Size: 36'' x 53''. Two copies.","French. Horizontal black with white lettering, introductory text only. Size: 13\" x 47\". Two copies.","French. Green background with black and white lettering. Size: 16\" x 24\" (small). Two copies.","French. Vertical, dark green background with white border, large bold black letters. Size: 16\" x 23\" (small). Two copies.","French. Vertical, dark green background with white border, large bold black letters. Size: 5.25\" x 8.25\" (small).","French. Horizontal, dark green background with white border, large bold black letters. Size: 31.5\" x 47.","French. Large, vertical dark green background with black and white lettering. Size: 37.5\" x 59\". Two copies.","French. Large, horizontal dark green background with black and white lettering, white border. Size: 46\" x 92\".","German. Off-white background, with blue sketch-like illustration of village; magenta and black lettering through the center. Size: 24\" x 33\". Two copies.","German. Beige background, black and red lettering. Size: 23.5\" x 33\". Middle bottom \"Porgy and Bess\" ad for Titania Palast performance.","German. Lemon yellow background with orange border on the top and bottom; orange and black lettering. Size: 23.5\" x 33.5\". Two copies.","German. White background with black lettering; blue patch with Porgy and Bess written in yellow in the middle. Size: 23.5\" x 33.5\". Two copies.","German. White background with black lettering, blue patch of color in middle with \"Porgy and Bess\" written in yellow.","German. Beige background, gold/beige lettering top and bottom, blue bars with white lettering at top and middle. Size: 16\" x 23\".","German. Light yellow background; black border on sides; red border on top and bottom and orange lettering. Size: 24.25\" x 33.5\". Two copies.","German. Brick colored border surrounding off-white background; brick colored lettering. Size: 23\" x 33\".","German. Black and white background with large neon yellow, black, and white lettering. Size: 33.5\" x 47\". Three copies.","German. Two pieces, bright red background with neon yellow lettering reading \"Porgy and Bess\" across the front. Size: 33.5\" x 47\". Two copies.","German. Two pieces, black background with large neon yellow lettering in the middle. Size: 33.5\" x 47\". Two copies.","Greek. Mounted poster, illustrating in blue, yellow, green, with white lettering. Size: 14\" x 19\" (small). Two copies.","Hebrew. White background, red and blue lettering. Size: 25\" x 37.25\". Two copies.","Italian. Vertical, off white background with red and black lettering. Size: 13\" x 27\" (small). Three copies.","Italian. Mustard yellow background with black lettering, red lettering in upper half, two purple stamp like pictures on lower left part. Size: 27.5\" x 39.5\". Two copies.","Italian. Vertical, beige background with brown and red lettering, has a shield like emblem border at top. Size: 14\" x 40\". Two copies.","Italian. Vertical, beige background with black lettering, has a shield like emblem border at top. Size: 14\" x 40\".","Italian. Light brown, emblem decoration at top border. Size: 27.5\" x 39.5\". Two copies.","Italian. Light brown, emblem decoration at top border, in three pieces. Size: 39.5\" x 79\".","Italian. Light brown, emblem decoration at top border. Size: 10.5\" x 15\" (small). Three copies.","Italian. Bright blue background with a yellow and green illustration of village, white border, white lettering. Size: 27.5\" x 39.5\". Two copies.","Italian. Bright yellow background, black and red lettering. Size: 38\" x 52\". Two copies.","Italian. Bright yellow background, black lettering, red lettering at top. Size: 26\" x 38\". Two copies.","Italian. Black background yellow lettering and drawing. Size: 24.5\" x 37\".","Italian. Bright mustard yellow background, brown border, red and brown lettering. Size: 13\" x 22\" (small). Three copies.","Italian. Bright yellow background, black and red lettering. Size: 40\" x 55\". Two copies.","Italian. Bright yellow background, black and red lettering. Size: 53\" x 80\".","Italian. Vertical, blue background with black and red lettering. Size: 14\" x 39.5\". Two copies.","Italian. Brown and red lettering, yellow background. Size: 28\" x 39.5\".","Italian. Bright yellow with black and red lettering. Size: 39.5\" x 55\". Duplicate of second panel.","Italian. Vertical, yellow background with black and red lettering. Size: 14\" x 39.5\". Two copies.","Italian. Four panels, one duplicate of last panel. Green and bright yellow ombre background, large red lettering, black lettering at bottom. Size: 55\" x 79\".","Italian. Vertical, off white, pink illustration of a lady in the background. Size: 13\" x 28\" (small). Two copies.","Italian. Pink and yellow illustration with black lettering. Size: 26\" x 38\". Two copies.","Italian. Red background with half facial photo of George Gershwin in upper right, racist caricature illustration on left. Size: 28\" x 40\". Two copies.","Italian. Long, vertical, yellow background with red lettering. Size: 14\" x 40\".","Italian. Long, vertical, blue background, with red and black lettering. Size: 14\" x 40\". Two copies.","Italian. Long, vertical, white background, with red and black lettering. Size: 14\" x 40\". Two copies.","Italian. Large, off white, red and black lettering. Size: 40\" x 52\".","Italian. Long, vertical, pink background, with red and black lettering. Size: 14\" x 40\".","Dutch. White border, black lettering within white squares, yellow squares with black lettering, bright yellow lettering in middle. Size: 33.5\" x 47\". Two copies.","Dutch. Black background and yellow lettering. Size: 23\" x 34\".","Spanish. Brown background, black lettering. Size: 33.5\" x 50\". Two copies.","Polish. White background, blue and red lettering. Size: 28\" x 40\". Two copies.","Polish. Purple background, multicolored swuares, with drawn figure. Size: 26\" x 39\".","Spanish. Large, off white with brown and red lettering, branch style border with leaves on it. Size: 34.5\" x 49.5\". Two copies.","French. Washed out yellow background with black and red lettering, bold red lettering in middle. Size: 36\"x 50\". Two copies.","French. Washed out yellow background with black and red lettering, bold red lettering in middle. Size: 14\" x 28\" (small). Three copies.","German. Light green background with painted color figures of Porgy and Bess, black sketch of village, blue lettering on top. Size: 35.5\" x 50\". Two copies.","German. Light green background with painted color figures of Porgy and Bess, black sketch of village, blue lettering on top. Size: 11.5\" x 20\" (small). Three copies.","French. White background, red border, white and red lettering. Possible produced by newspaper Hebdomadaire Romand. Size: 13.75\" x 20\" (small).","English. Two shades of orange background, black and white lettering, illustration of couple dancing in middle, both posters mounted on board. Size: 14\" x 20\" (small). Two copies.","English. Red background, black and red lettering, mounted on board. Size: 14\" x 22\" (small).","English. Red background, black and red lettering (same design as previous poster), only bottom panel available. Size: 29\" x 41\".","Russia. White background, blue and red lettering. Size: 28.5\" x 42.5\". Two copies.","Russian. Ad poster, salmon pink, black lettering. Size: 30.5\" x 44.5\".","Russian. Light brown background, red and black lettering with \"Porgy and Bess\" on schedule. Size: 11.75\" x 16.5\" (small).","Croatian. Beige background, purple and white lettering. Size: 28\" x 39.5\". Two copies.","Croatian. Beige background, black and red lettering. Size: 8.25\" x 11.5\" (small).","French, English Egyptian Arabic (?). Tan background, red and black text. Size: 7.5\" x 11\" (small). Two copies.","Multiple \"Porgy and Bess\" poster mock-ups, set/scene drawings, and copies of drawings. Included is a program for a Federal Theatre Project \"Negro Unit\" production of Macbeth.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Content warning: Racist imagery. This collection contains posters promoting the American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA)-sponsored production of the Gershwin opera \"Porgy and Bess\" as it toured various countries - mostly European - during the mid-1950s. It also contains poster mock-ups and artwork related to the production.","Map cases 10.1 - 10.2","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American National Theatre and Academy","George Mason University. Special Collections Research Center.","Arabic\n      Croatian\n      Czech\n      Danish\n      Dutch; Flemish\n      English\n      French\n      German\n      Greek, Modern (1453-)\n      Hebrew\n      Italian\n      Polish\n      Portuguese\n      Spanish; Castilian\n      Russian"],"collection_title_tesim":["Porgy and Bess poster collection, 1952/1956"],"collection_ssim":["Porgy and Bess poster collection, 1952/1956"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0145","/repositories/2/resources/637"],"unitid_tesim":["C0145","/repositories/2/resources/637"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Special Collections Research Center."],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections Research Center."],"creator_persname_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections Research Center."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American National Theatre and Academy"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections Research Center.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American National Theatre and Academy"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection donated by Lorraine Brown in 1995."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans","Opera","Performing arts","Musical Theater","Theater","Theatrical posters"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans","Opera","Performing arts","Musical Theater","Theater","Theatrical posters"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["84 posters; poster mock-ups and artwork"],"extent_tesim":["84 posters; poster mock-ups and artwork"],"genreform_ssim":["Theatrical posters"],"date_range_isim":[1952,1953,1954,1955,1956],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis posters in this collection were digitized by Kelsey Kim from May-June 2024 and are available to access upon request.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternate Format Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["This posters in this collection were digitized by Kelsey Kim from May-June 2024 and are available to access upon request."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe posters are arranged alphabetically by country and city where they were performed.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The posters are arranged alphabetically by country and city where they were performed."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Porgy and Bess\" is a 1934 American \"folk opera\" by George and Ira Gershwin, based on the play \"Porgy\" by Dorothy Heyward, which was itself an adaptation of the novel \"Porgy and Bess\" by DuBose Heyward. The opera tells the story of Porgy, a disabled Black man living in Catfish Row, a slum of Charleston, South Carolina. Porgy encounters Bess, a Black woman wishing to escape an abusive relationship with her lover, Crown, and her drug dealer, Sportin' Life. The two eventually begin living together and fall in love, with many consequences ensuing. \"Porgy and Bess\" is considered a classic of American opera and is performed to this day.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom its premiere, \"Porgy and Bess\" was controversial, mostly for the story's treatment of Black characters and perpetuating racial stereotypes. It was overall a commercial failure and met with little critical success. In 1942 a Broadway revival brought it back to the American public's attention, and the opera begin to receive success, which cemented it as a cultural touchstone. Eventually a large European tour was undertaken by Robert Breen and Blevins Davis of ANTA, which lasted from 1952 - 1956, to monumental success. The tour visited 89 cities and 29 countries. The opera's performance in the Soviet Union was considered the first cultural exchange post-World War II between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. The production eventually toured the United States, also to great success.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["\"Porgy and Bess\" is a 1934 American \"folk opera\" by George and Ira Gershwin, based on the play \"Porgy\" by Dorothy Heyward, which was itself an adaptation of the novel \"Porgy and Bess\" by DuBose Heyward. The opera tells the story of Porgy, a disabled Black man living in Catfish Row, a slum of Charleston, South Carolina. Porgy encounters Bess, a Black woman wishing to escape an abusive relationship with her lover, Crown, and her drug dealer, Sportin' Life. The two eventually begin living together and fall in love, with many consequences ensuing. \"Porgy and Bess\" is considered a classic of American opera and is performed to this day.","From its premiere, \"Porgy and Bess\" was controversial, mostly for the story's treatment of Black characters and perpetuating racial stereotypes. It was overall a commercial failure and met with little critical success. In 1942 a Broadway revival brought it back to the American public's attention, and the opera begin to receive success, which cemented it as a cultural touchstone. Eventually a large European tour was undertaken by Robert Breen and Blevins Davis of ANTA, which lasted from 1952 - 1956, to monumental success. The tour visited 89 cities and 29 countries. The opera's performance in the Soviet Union was considered the first cultural exchange post-World War II between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. The production eventually toured the United States, also to great success."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePorgy and Bess poster collection, C0145, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Porgy and Bess poster collection, C0145, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center Staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in April 2020. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReprocessed by Amanda Brent from October 2021 - February 2022. Finding aid completed by Amanda Brent in February 2022. Inventory updated September 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center Staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in April 2020.","Reprocessed by Amanda Brent from October 2021 - February 2022. Finding aid completed by Amanda Brent in February 2022. Inventory updated September 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0004\" title=\"Robert and Wilva Breen papers\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and the \u003cextptr href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0289\" title=\"Porgy and Bess letter from James Tipton\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe New York Public Library, Archives and Manuscripts Division holds the \u003cextptr href=\"https://archives.nypl.org/scm/21118\" title=\"Porgy and Bess collection\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, which has materials from the United States ANTA tour.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the  and the .","The New York Public Library, Archives and Manuscripts Division holds the , which has materials from the United States ANTA tour."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContent warning: Racist imagery. This collection contains posters promoting the ANTA-sponsored production of \"Porgy and Bess\" as it toured various countries, mostly European, during the mid-1950s. It also includes poster mock-ups, drawings, and art related to the production.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eGerman. Large ad page, brown background, middle ad for \"Porgy and Bess.\" Size: 33.75\" x 48\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman. Large ad page, brown background, middle right ad for \"Porgy and Bess.\" Size: 34\" x 48\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish. White background, blue and red lettering with musical and star design at top. Seemingly made for Americans abroad. Size: 27.5\" x 39.5\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman. Mounted poster, white (now brown) with black lettering. Size: 17\" x 23.75\" (small).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlemish. Vertical; black background with yellow lettering; white squares with black lettering; white border. Size: 22\" x 14.25\" (small). Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlemish. Black background with white squares and black lettering; large bright yellow lettering in the middle of \"Porgy and Bess.\" Size: 31\" x 96\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Black background with white squares and black lettering; off white border; large lemon yellow letters in middle; yellow square at top with black lettering. Size: 23.5\" x 32.5\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Black background, white boxes with black text, bright yellow letters. Size: 14.5\" x 22\" (small). Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Black background, white boxes with black text, bright green letters. Size: 23.5\" x 32.5\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Black background, white boxes with black text, bright green letters. Size: 14.5\" x 22\" (small).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Large horizontal, black background, white boxes with black text, bright green letters. Size: 30.5\" x 93\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrazilian Portuguese. Four pieces; bright red background with off white border and white lettering inside of it. Size: 60\" x 92\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCzech. Wash out off-white background' small black lettering, larger bold red lettering; on left side square with words \"Porgy and Bess.'\" Size: 24\" x 34\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDanish. White background in middle with lime green lettering and black writing; black and white photographs taken from characters and scenes of the play act as the border. Size: 24\" x 33.25\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. White background; blue border with white stars, blue and red letters. Size: 36\" x 47\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench, Egyptian Arabic. White background, blue star border, blue and red lettering, Egyptian Arabic words at top. Size: 35\" x 44.5\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Off-white background, red and blue lettering. Size: 12\" x 18\". Three copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Purple background with white lettering. Size: 36'' x 53''. Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Horizontal black with white lettering, introductory text only. Size: 13\" x 47\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Green background with black and white lettering. Size: 16\" x 24\" (small). Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Vertical, dark green background with white border, large bold black letters. Size: 16\" x 23\" (small). Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Vertical, dark green background with white border, large bold black letters. Size: 5.25\" x 8.25\" (small).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Horizontal, dark green background with white border, large bold black letters. Size: 31.5\" x 47.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Large, vertical dark green background with black and white lettering. Size: 37.5\" x 59\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Large, horizontal dark green background with black and white lettering, white border. Size: 46\" x 92\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman. Off-white background, with blue sketch-like illustration of village; magenta and black lettering through the center. Size: 24\" x 33\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman. Beige background, black and red lettering. Size: 23.5\" x 33\". Middle bottom \"Porgy and Bess\" ad for Titania Palast performance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman. Lemon yellow background with orange border on the top and bottom; orange and black lettering. Size: 23.5\" x 33.5\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman. White background with black lettering; blue patch with Porgy and Bess written in yellow in the middle. Size: 23.5\" x 33.5\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman. White background with black lettering, blue patch of color in middle with \"Porgy and Bess\" written in yellow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman. Beige background, gold/beige lettering top and bottom, blue bars with white lettering at top and middle. Size: 16\" x 23\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman. Light yellow background; black border on sides; red border on top and bottom and orange lettering. Size: 24.25\" x 33.5\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman. Brick colored border surrounding off-white background; brick colored lettering. Size: 23\" x 33\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman. Black and white background with large neon yellow, black, and white lettering. Size: 33.5\" x 47\". Three copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman. Two pieces, bright red background with neon yellow lettering reading \"Porgy and Bess\" across the front. Size: 33.5\" x 47\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman. Two pieces, black background with large neon yellow lettering in the middle. Size: 33.5\" x 47\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGreek. Mounted poster, illustrating in blue, yellow, green, with white lettering. Size: 14\" x 19\" (small). Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHebrew. White background, red and blue lettering. Size: 25\" x 37.25\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Vertical, off white background with red and black lettering. Size: 13\" x 27\" (small). Three copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Mustard yellow background with black lettering, red lettering in upper half, two purple stamp like pictures on lower left part. Size: 27.5\" x 39.5\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Vertical, beige background with brown and red lettering, has a shield like emblem border at top. Size: 14\" x 40\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Vertical, beige background with black lettering, has a shield like emblem border at top. Size: 14\" x 40\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Light brown, emblem decoration at top border. Size: 27.5\" x 39.5\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Light brown, emblem decoration at top border, in three pieces. Size: 39.5\" x 79\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Light brown, emblem decoration at top border. Size: 10.5\" x 15\" (small). Three copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Bright blue background with a yellow and green illustration of village, white border, white lettering. Size: 27.5\" x 39.5\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Bright yellow background, black and red lettering. Size: 38\" x 52\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Bright yellow background, black lettering, red lettering at top. Size: 26\" x 38\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Black background yellow lettering and drawing. Size: 24.5\" x 37\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Bright mustard yellow background, brown border, red and brown lettering. Size: 13\" x 22\" (small). Three copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Bright yellow background, black and red lettering. Size: 40\" x 55\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Bright yellow background, black and red lettering. Size: 53\" x 80\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Vertical, blue background with black and red lettering. Size: 14\" x 39.5\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Brown and red lettering, yellow background. Size: 28\" x 39.5\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Bright yellow with black and red lettering. Size: 39.5\" x 55\". Duplicate of second panel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Vertical, yellow background with black and red lettering. Size: 14\" x 39.5\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Four panels, one duplicate of last panel. Green and bright yellow ombre background, large red lettering, black lettering at bottom. Size: 55\" x 79\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Vertical, off white, pink illustration of a lady in the background. Size: 13\" x 28\" (small). Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Pink and yellow illustration with black lettering. Size: 26\" x 38\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Red background with half facial photo of George Gershwin in upper right, racist caricature illustration on left. Size: 28\" x 40\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Long, vertical, yellow background with red lettering. Size: 14\" x 40\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Long, vertical, blue background, with red and black lettering. Size: 14\" x 40\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Long, vertical, white background, with red and black lettering. Size: 14\" x 40\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Large, off white, red and black lettering. Size: 40\" x 52\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItalian. Long, vertical, pink background, with red and black lettering. Size: 14\" x 40\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDutch. White border, black lettering within white squares, yellow squares with black lettering, bright yellow lettering in middle. Size: 33.5\" x 47\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDutch. Black background and yellow lettering. Size: 23\" x 34\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpanish. Brown background, black lettering. Size: 33.5\" x 50\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePolish. White background, blue and red lettering. Size: 28\" x 40\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePolish. Purple background, multicolored swuares, with drawn figure. Size: 26\" x 39\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpanish. Large, off white with brown and red lettering, branch style border with leaves on it. Size: 34.5\" x 49.5\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Washed out yellow background with black and red lettering, bold red lettering in middle. Size: 36\"x 50\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. Washed out yellow background with black and red lettering, bold red lettering in middle. Size: 14\" x 28\" (small). Three copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman. Light green background with painted color figures of Porgy and Bess, black sketch of village, blue lettering on top. Size: 35.5\" x 50\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman. Light green background with painted color figures of Porgy and Bess, black sketch of village, blue lettering on top. Size: 11.5\" x 20\" (small). Three copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench. White background, red border, white and red lettering. Possible produced by newspaper Hebdomadaire Romand. Size: 13.75\" x 20\" (small).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish. Two shades of orange background, black and white lettering, illustration of couple dancing in middle, both posters mounted on board. Size: 14\" x 20\" (small). Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish. Red background, black and red lettering, mounted on board. Size: 14\" x 22\" (small).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish. Red background, black and red lettering (same design as previous poster), only bottom panel available. Size: 29\" x 41\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRussia. White background, blue and red lettering. Size: 28.5\" x 42.5\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRussian. Ad poster, salmon pink, black lettering. Size: 30.5\" x 44.5\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRussian. Light brown background, red and black lettering with \"Porgy and Bess\" on schedule. Size: 11.75\" x 16.5\" (small).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCroatian. Beige background, purple and white lettering. Size: 28\" x 39.5\". Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCroatian. Beige background, black and red lettering. Size: 8.25\" x 11.5\" (small).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench, English Egyptian Arabic (?). Tan background, red and black text. Size: 7.5\" x 11\" (small). Two copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMultiple \"Porgy and Bess\" poster mock-ups, set/scene drawings, and copies of drawings. Included is a program for a Federal Theatre Project \"Negro Unit\" production of Macbeth.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Content warning: Racist imagery. This collection contains posters promoting the ANTA-sponsored production of \"Porgy and Bess\" as it toured various countries, mostly European, during the mid-1950s. It also includes poster mock-ups, drawings, and art related to the production.","German. Large ad page, brown background, middle ad for \"Porgy and Bess.\" Size: 33.75\" x 48\".","German. Large ad page, brown background, middle right ad for \"Porgy and Bess.\" Size: 34\" x 48\".","English. White background, blue and red lettering with musical and star design at top. Seemingly made for Americans abroad. Size: 27.5\" x 39.5\".","German. Mounted poster, white (now brown) with black lettering. Size: 17\" x 23.75\" (small).","Flemish. Vertical; black background with yellow lettering; white squares with black lettering; white border. Size: 22\" x 14.25\" (small). Two copies.","Flemish. Black background with white squares and black lettering; large bright yellow lettering in the middle of \"Porgy and Bess.\" Size: 31\" x 96\". Two copies.","French. Black background with white squares and black lettering; off white border; large lemon yellow letters in middle; yellow square at top with black lettering. Size: 23.5\" x 32.5\".","French. Black background, white boxes with black text, bright yellow letters. Size: 14.5\" x 22\" (small). Two copies.","French. Black background, white boxes with black text, bright green letters. Size: 23.5\" x 32.5\".","French. Black background, white boxes with black text, bright green letters. Size: 14.5\" x 22\" (small).","French. Large horizontal, black background, white boxes with black text, bright green letters. Size: 30.5\" x 93\".","Brazilian Portuguese. Four pieces; bright red background with off white border and white lettering inside of it. Size: 60\" x 92\". Two copies.","Czech. Wash out off-white background' small black lettering, larger bold red lettering; on left side square with words \"Porgy and Bess.'\" Size: 24\" x 34\". Two copies.","Danish. White background in middle with lime green lettering and black writing; black and white photographs taken from characters and scenes of the play act as the border. Size: 24\" x 33.25\". Two copies.","French. White background; blue border with white stars, blue and red letters. Size: 36\" x 47\". Two copies.","French, Egyptian Arabic. White background, blue star border, blue and red lettering, Egyptian Arabic words at top. Size: 35\" x 44.5\".","French. Off-white background, red and blue lettering. Size: 12\" x 18\". Three copies.","French. Purple background with white lettering. Size: 36'' x 53''. Two copies.","French. Horizontal black with white lettering, introductory text only. Size: 13\" x 47\". Two copies.","French. Green background with black and white lettering. Size: 16\" x 24\" (small). Two copies.","French. Vertical, dark green background with white border, large bold black letters. Size: 16\" x 23\" (small). Two copies.","French. Vertical, dark green background with white border, large bold black letters. Size: 5.25\" x 8.25\" (small).","French. Horizontal, dark green background with white border, large bold black letters. Size: 31.5\" x 47.","French. Large, vertical dark green background with black and white lettering. Size: 37.5\" x 59\". Two copies.","French. Large, horizontal dark green background with black and white lettering, white border. Size: 46\" x 92\".","German. Off-white background, with blue sketch-like illustration of village; magenta and black lettering through the center. Size: 24\" x 33\". Two copies.","German. Beige background, black and red lettering. Size: 23.5\" x 33\". Middle bottom \"Porgy and Bess\" ad for Titania Palast performance.","German. Lemon yellow background with orange border on the top and bottom; orange and black lettering. Size: 23.5\" x 33.5\". Two copies.","German. White background with black lettering; blue patch with Porgy and Bess written in yellow in the middle. Size: 23.5\" x 33.5\". Two copies.","German. White background with black lettering, blue patch of color in middle with \"Porgy and Bess\" written in yellow.","German. Beige background, gold/beige lettering top and bottom, blue bars with white lettering at top and middle. Size: 16\" x 23\".","German. Light yellow background; black border on sides; red border on top and bottom and orange lettering. Size: 24.25\" x 33.5\". Two copies.","German. Brick colored border surrounding off-white background; brick colored lettering. Size: 23\" x 33\".","German. Black and white background with large neon yellow, black, and white lettering. Size: 33.5\" x 47\". Three copies.","German. Two pieces, bright red background with neon yellow lettering reading \"Porgy and Bess\" across the front. Size: 33.5\" x 47\". Two copies.","German. Two pieces, black background with large neon yellow lettering in the middle. Size: 33.5\" x 47\". Two copies.","Greek. Mounted poster, illustrating in blue, yellow, green, with white lettering. Size: 14\" x 19\" (small). Two copies.","Hebrew. White background, red and blue lettering. Size: 25\" x 37.25\". Two copies.","Italian. Vertical, off white background with red and black lettering. Size: 13\" x 27\" (small). Three copies.","Italian. Mustard yellow background with black lettering, red lettering in upper half, two purple stamp like pictures on lower left part. Size: 27.5\" x 39.5\". Two copies.","Italian. Vertical, beige background with brown and red lettering, has a shield like emblem border at top. Size: 14\" x 40\". Two copies.","Italian. Vertical, beige background with black lettering, has a shield like emblem border at top. Size: 14\" x 40\".","Italian. Light brown, emblem decoration at top border. Size: 27.5\" x 39.5\". Two copies.","Italian. Light brown, emblem decoration at top border, in three pieces. Size: 39.5\" x 79\".","Italian. Light brown, emblem decoration at top border. Size: 10.5\" x 15\" (small). Three copies.","Italian. Bright blue background with a yellow and green illustration of village, white border, white lettering. Size: 27.5\" x 39.5\". Two copies.","Italian. Bright yellow background, black and red lettering. Size: 38\" x 52\". Two copies.","Italian. Bright yellow background, black lettering, red lettering at top. Size: 26\" x 38\". Two copies.","Italian. Black background yellow lettering and drawing. Size: 24.5\" x 37\".","Italian. Bright mustard yellow background, brown border, red and brown lettering. Size: 13\" x 22\" (small). Three copies.","Italian. Bright yellow background, black and red lettering. Size: 40\" x 55\". Two copies.","Italian. Bright yellow background, black and red lettering. Size: 53\" x 80\".","Italian. Vertical, blue background with black and red lettering. Size: 14\" x 39.5\". Two copies.","Italian. Brown and red lettering, yellow background. Size: 28\" x 39.5\".","Italian. Bright yellow with black and red lettering. Size: 39.5\" x 55\". Duplicate of second panel.","Italian. Vertical, yellow background with black and red lettering. Size: 14\" x 39.5\". Two copies.","Italian. Four panels, one duplicate of last panel. Green and bright yellow ombre background, large red lettering, black lettering at bottom. Size: 55\" x 79\".","Italian. Vertical, off white, pink illustration of a lady in the background. Size: 13\" x 28\" (small). Two copies.","Italian. Pink and yellow illustration with black lettering. Size: 26\" x 38\". Two copies.","Italian. Red background with half facial photo of George Gershwin in upper right, racist caricature illustration on left. Size: 28\" x 40\". Two copies.","Italian. Long, vertical, yellow background with red lettering. Size: 14\" x 40\".","Italian. Long, vertical, blue background, with red and black lettering. Size: 14\" x 40\". Two copies.","Italian. Long, vertical, white background, with red and black lettering. Size: 14\" x 40\". Two copies.","Italian. Large, off white, red and black lettering. Size: 40\" x 52\".","Italian. Long, vertical, pink background, with red and black lettering. Size: 14\" x 40\".","Dutch. White border, black lettering within white squares, yellow squares with black lettering, bright yellow lettering in middle. Size: 33.5\" x 47\". Two copies.","Dutch. Black background and yellow lettering. Size: 23\" x 34\".","Spanish. Brown background, black lettering. Size: 33.5\" x 50\". Two copies.","Polish. White background, blue and red lettering. Size: 28\" x 40\". Two copies.","Polish. Purple background, multicolored swuares, with drawn figure. Size: 26\" x 39\".","Spanish. Large, off white with brown and red lettering, branch style border with leaves on it. Size: 34.5\" x 49.5\". Two copies.","French. Washed out yellow background with black and red lettering, bold red lettering in middle. Size: 36\"x 50\". Two copies.","French. Washed out yellow background with black and red lettering, bold red lettering in middle. Size: 14\" x 28\" (small). Three copies.","German. Light green background with painted color figures of Porgy and Bess, black sketch of village, blue lettering on top. Size: 35.5\" x 50\". Two copies.","German. Light green background with painted color figures of Porgy and Bess, black sketch of village, blue lettering on top. Size: 11.5\" x 20\" (small). Three copies.","French. White background, red border, white and red lettering. Possible produced by newspaper Hebdomadaire Romand. Size: 13.75\" x 20\" (small).","English. Two shades of orange background, black and white lettering, illustration of couple dancing in middle, both posters mounted on board. Size: 14\" x 20\" (small). Two copies.","English. Red background, black and red lettering, mounted on board. Size: 14\" x 22\" (small).","English. Red background, black and red lettering (same design as previous poster), only bottom panel available. Size: 29\" x 41\".","Russia. White background, blue and red lettering. Size: 28.5\" x 42.5\". Two copies.","Russian. Ad poster, salmon pink, black lettering. Size: 30.5\" x 44.5\".","Russian. Light brown background, red and black lettering with \"Porgy and Bess\" on schedule. Size: 11.75\" x 16.5\" (small).","Croatian. Beige background, purple and white lettering. Size: 28\" x 39.5\". Two copies.","Croatian. Beige background, black and red lettering. Size: 8.25\" x 11.5\" (small).","French, English Egyptian Arabic (?). Tan background, red and black text. Size: 7.5\" x 11\" (small). Two copies.","Multiple \"Porgy and Bess\" poster mock-ups, set/scene drawings, and copies of drawings. Included is a program for a Federal Theatre Project \"Negro Unit\" production of Macbeth."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_32cf273d7a094b56619b7083b3a97a6c\"\u003eContent warning: Racist imagery. This collection contains posters promoting the American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA)-sponsored production of the Gershwin opera \"Porgy and Bess\" as it toured various countries - mostly European - during the mid-1950s. It also contains poster mock-ups and artwork related to the production.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Content warning: Racist imagery. This collection contains posters promoting the American National Theatre and Academy (ANTA)-sponsored production of the Gershwin opera \"Porgy and Bess\" as it toured various countries - mostly European - during the mid-1950s. It also contains poster mock-ups and artwork related to the production."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_603b4ba9d7c49a6f200f0087fcd3137b\"\u003eMap cases 10.1 - 10.2\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Map cases 10.1 - 10.2"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American National Theatre and Academy"],"names_coll_ssim":["American National Theatre and Academy"],"persname_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections Research Center."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","American National Theatre and Academy","George Mason University. Special Collections Research Center."],"language_ssim":["Arabic\n      Croatian\n      Czech\n      Danish\n      Dutch; Flemish\n      English\n      French\n      German\n      Greek, Modern (1453-)\n      Hebrew\n      Italian\n      Polish\n      Portuguese\n      Spanish; Castilian\n      Russian"],"total_component_count_is":86,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:55:22.308Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_637"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"College of William and Mary","value":"College of William and Mary","hits":5},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"George Mason University","value":"George Mason University","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","value":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library","value":"Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Washington+and+Lee+University%2C+Leyburn+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"West Virginia and Regional History Center","value":"West Virginia and Regional History Center","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=West+Virginia+and+Regional+History+Center"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"African American Family photograph album, 1910/1960","value":"African American Family photograph album, 1910/1960","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=African+American+Family+photograph+album%2C+1910%2F1960\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alvin Ailey photograph by Carl Van Vechten, 1955","value":"Alvin Ailey photograph by Carl Van Vechten, 1955","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Alvin+Ailey+photograph+by+Carl+Van+Vechten%2C+1955\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Booker T. Washington, Commemorative Articles and Other Miscellaneous Items, 1881/1981","value":"Booker T. Washington, Commemorative Articles and Other Miscellaneous Items, 1881/1981","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Booker+T.+Washington%2C+Commemorative+Articles+and+Other+Miscellaneous+Items%2C+1881%2F1981\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Connie Smith family photograph album, 1950/1980","value":"Connie Smith family photograph album, 1950/1980","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Connie+Smith+family+photograph+album%2C+1950%2F1980\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers, 1800/2024, bulk 2016/2021","value":"Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers, 1800/2024, bulk 2016/2021","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Katherine+G.+Johnson%2C+Mathematician%2C+Papers%2C+1800%2F2024%2C+bulk+2016%2F2021\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Leonard Born Papers, 1924/1985","value":"Leonard Born Papers, 1924/1985","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Leonard+Born+Papers%2C+1924%2F1985\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Nydrie and Algoma related papers, 1890/1989","value":"Nydrie and Algoma related papers, 1890/1989","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Nydrie+and+Algoma+related+papers%2C+1890%2F1989\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Paul Robeson sound recording collection, 1955","value":"Paul Robeson sound recording collection, 1955","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Paul+Robeson+sound+recording+collection%2C+1955\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Pearl S. Buck letters, 1942/1963","value":"Pearl S. Buck letters, 1942/1963","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Pearl+S.+Buck+letters%2C+1942%2F1963\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Porgy and Bess poster collection, 1952/1956","value":"Porgy and Bess poster collection, 1952/1956","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Porgy+and+Bess+poster+collection%2C+1952%2F1956\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection, 1778/2005","value":"Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection, 1778/2005","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Racial+and+Ethnic+Ephemera+Collection%2C+1778%2F2005\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/collection_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955"}},{"type":"facet","id":"date_range_isim","attributes":{"label":"Date range","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"1778","value":"1778","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1778"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1779","value":"1779","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1779"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1780","value":"1780","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1780"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1781","value":"1781","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1781"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1782","value":"1782","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1782"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1783","value":"1783","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1783"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1784","value":"1784","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1784"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1785","value":"1785","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1785"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1786","value":"1786","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1786"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1787","value":"1787","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1787"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1788","value":"1788","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1788"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/date_range_isim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955"}},{"type":"facet","id":"creator_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Creator","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Born, Leonard L.","value":"Born, Leonard L.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Born%2C+Leonard+L.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Gary Alonzo Barranger","value":"Gary Alonzo Barranger","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Gary+Alonzo+Barranger\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955"}},{"attributes":{"label":"George Mason University. 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