{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+American+soldiers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026view=list","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+American+soldiers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026page=1\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":2,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1257","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Captain Clark McRay Valentine's photograph scrapbook, 1939/1949","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1257#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Valentine, Clark McRay","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1257#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePhotograph scrapbook created by Captain Clark McRay Valentine while serving as a medical officer in the 92nd Infantry Division during World War II. He was stationed in both Italy and Germany in the tail end of the war and post-war period. There are photographs from his time in Italy, specifically Naples, and include fellow African American troops. At some point, Valentine's wife Frances and son Clark, Jr. visited him in Italy and are in some photographs. The post-war Germany photographs feature the ruins and militarized zones of Berlin. A set of photos are identified by Valentine as being captured from German POWs and depict Nazi ceremonies, Hitler Youth, military operations, Russia, equipment and leading German military figures like General Guderian. Researchers are advised that there is one photograph of a mass hanging (men and a woman) and photographs taken inside concentration camps and depict deceased individuals and a crematorium. Under one such photograph, Valentine captioned, \"Can we ever trust the Germans?\" Additionally, there are photographs of Hitler's Eagle's Nest and the surrounding town of Bechtesgaden and the nearby salt mines.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1257#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1257","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1257","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1257","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1257","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_1257.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Captain Clark McRay Valentine's photograph scrapbook","title_ssm":["Captain Clark McRay Valentine's photograph scrapbook"],"title_tesim":["Captain Clark McRay Valentine's photograph scrapbook"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1939-1949, undated"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1939-1949, undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1939/1949"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Captain Clark McRay Valentine's photograph scrapbook, 1939/1949"],"text":["Captain Clark McRay Valentine's photograph scrapbook, 1939/1949","WLU.Coll.0136","/repositories/5/resources/1257","African American soldiers","World War (1939-1945)","Collection is open for use.","Clark McRay Valentine was born in Michigan on November 22, 1904. He served as a Captain and Medical Officer during World War II. He served in the 92nd Infantry Division, which was an African American infantry division of the U. S. Army that served in both World Wars and Korea. Valentine died on February 12, 1988.","Photograph scrapbook created by Captain Clark McRay Valentine while serving as a medical officer in the 92nd Infantry Division during World War II. He was stationed in both Italy and Germany in the tail end of the war and post-war period. There are photographs from his time in Italy, specifically Naples, and include fellow African American troops. At some point, Valentine's wife Frances and son Clark, Jr. visited him in Italy and are in some photographs. The post-war Germany photographs feature the ruins and militarized zones of Berlin. A set of photos are identified by Valentine as being captured from German POWs and depict Nazi ceremonies, Hitler Youth, military operations, Russia, equipment and leading German military figures like General Guderian. Researchers are advised that there is one photograph of a mass hanging (men and a woman) and photographs taken inside concentration camps and depict deceased individuals and a crematorium. Under one such photograph, Valentine captioned, \"Can we ever trust the Germans?\" Additionally, there are photographs of Hitler's Eagle's Nest and the surrounding town of Bechtesgaden and the nearby salt mines.","There are a few loose photographs: one is of hospital building in Massa, Italy, one is of camp leaders a Annawan, Illinois, one is of a group of men and Clark, Jr. at Camp Wolf Lake, and one of an older couple who are presumed to be Frances and Clark Valentine. The men in the Wolf Lake photograph are either wearing civilian clothes, baseball uniforms, or what is likely a Civilian Conservation Corps uniform.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Valentine, Clark McRay","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Captain Clark McRay Valentine's photograph scrapbook, 1939/1949"],"collection_ssim":["Captain Clark McRay Valentine's photograph scrapbook, 1939/1949"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.0136","/repositories/5/resources/1257"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.Coll.0136","/repositories/5/resources/1257"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"creator_ssm":["Valentine, Clark McRay"],"creator_ssim":["Valentine, Clark McRay"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Valentine, Clark McRay"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Valentine, Clark McRay","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased in September 2024"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American soldiers","World War (1939-1945)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American soldiers","World War (1939-1945)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.03 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.03 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eClark McRay Valentine was born in Michigan on November 22, 1904. He served as a Captain and Medical Officer during World War II. He served in the 92nd Infantry Division, which was an African American infantry division of the U. S. Army that served in both World Wars and Korea. Valentine died on February 12, 1988.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Clark McRay Valentine was born in Michigan on November 22, 1904. He served as a Captain and Medical Officer during World War II. He served in the 92nd Infantry Division, which was an African American infantry division of the U. S. Army that served in both World Wars and Korea. Valentine died on February 12, 1988."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaptain Clark McRay Valentine's Photograph Scrapbook (WLU Coll. 0136), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Captain Clark McRay Valentine's Photograph Scrapbook (WLU Coll. 0136), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhotograph scrapbook created by Captain Clark McRay Valentine while serving as a medical officer in the 92nd Infantry Division during World War II. He was stationed in both Italy and Germany in the tail end of the war and post-war period. There are photographs from his time in Italy, specifically Naples, and include fellow African American troops. At some point, Valentine's wife Frances and son Clark, Jr. visited him in Italy and are in some photographs. The post-war Germany photographs feature the ruins and militarized zones of Berlin. A set of photos are identified by Valentine as being captured from German POWs and depict Nazi ceremonies, Hitler Youth, military operations, Russia, equipment and leading German military figures like General Guderian. Researchers are advised that there is one photograph of a mass hanging (men and a woman) and photographs taken inside concentration camps and depict deceased individuals and a crematorium. Under one such photograph, Valentine captioned, \"Can we ever trust the Germans?\" Additionally, there are photographs of Hitler's Eagle's Nest and the surrounding town of Bechtesgaden and the nearby salt mines.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are a few loose photographs: one is of hospital building in Massa, Italy, one is of camp leaders a Annawan, Illinois, one is of a group of men and Clark, Jr. at Camp Wolf Lake, and one of an older couple who are presumed to be Frances and Clark Valentine. The men in the Wolf Lake photograph are either wearing civilian clothes, baseball uniforms, or what is likely a Civilian Conservation Corps uniform.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Photograph scrapbook created by Captain Clark McRay Valentine while serving as a medical officer in the 92nd Infantry Division during World War II. He was stationed in both Italy and Germany in the tail end of the war and post-war period. There are photographs from his time in Italy, specifically Naples, and include fellow African American troops. At some point, Valentine's wife Frances and son Clark, Jr. visited him in Italy and are in some photographs. The post-war Germany photographs feature the ruins and militarized zones of Berlin. A set of photos are identified by Valentine as being captured from German POWs and depict Nazi ceremonies, Hitler Youth, military operations, Russia, equipment and leading German military figures like General Guderian. Researchers are advised that there is one photograph of a mass hanging (men and a woman) and photographs taken inside concentration camps and depict deceased individuals and a crematorium. Under one such photograph, Valentine captioned, \"Can we ever trust the Germans?\" Additionally, there are photographs of Hitler's Eagle's Nest and the surrounding town of Bechtesgaden and the nearby salt mines.","There are a few loose photographs: one is of hospital building in Massa, Italy, one is of camp leaders a Annawan, Illinois, one is of a group of men and Clark, Jr. at Camp Wolf Lake, and one of an older couple who are presumed to be Frances and Clark Valentine. The men in the Wolf Lake photograph are either wearing civilian clothes, baseball uniforms, or what is likely a Civilian Conservation Corps uniform."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source."],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Valentine, Clark McRay"],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Valentine, Clark McRay"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-09-05T00:04:31.262Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1257","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1257","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1257","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1257","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_1257.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Captain Clark McRay Valentine's photograph scrapbook","title_ssm":["Captain Clark McRay Valentine's photograph scrapbook"],"title_tesim":["Captain Clark McRay Valentine's photograph scrapbook"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1939-1949, undated"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1939-1949, undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1939/1949"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Captain Clark McRay Valentine's photograph scrapbook, 1939/1949"],"text":["Captain Clark McRay Valentine's photograph scrapbook, 1939/1949","WLU.Coll.0136","/repositories/5/resources/1257","African American soldiers","World War (1939-1945)","Collection is open for use.","Clark McRay Valentine was born in Michigan on November 22, 1904. 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A set of photos are identified by Valentine as being captured from German POWs and depict Nazi ceremonies, Hitler Youth, military operations, Russia, equipment and leading German military figures like General Guderian. Researchers are advised that there is one photograph of a mass hanging (men and a woman) and photographs taken inside concentration camps and depict deceased individuals and a crematorium. Under one such photograph, Valentine captioned, \"Can we ever trust the Germans?\" Additionally, there are photographs of Hitler's Eagle's Nest and the surrounding town of Bechtesgaden and the nearby salt mines.","There are a few loose photographs: one is of hospital building in Massa, Italy, one is of camp leaders a Annawan, Illinois, one is of a group of men and Clark, Jr. at Camp Wolf Lake, and one of an older couple who are presumed to be Frances and Clark Valentine. The men in the Wolf Lake photograph are either wearing civilian clothes, baseball uniforms, or what is likely a Civilian Conservation Corps uniform.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Valentine, Clark McRay","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Captain Clark McRay Valentine's photograph scrapbook, 1939/1949"],"collection_ssim":["Captain Clark McRay Valentine's photograph scrapbook, 1939/1949"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.0136","/repositories/5/resources/1257"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.Coll.0136","/repositories/5/resources/1257"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"creator_ssm":["Valentine, Clark McRay"],"creator_ssim":["Valentine, Clark McRay"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Valentine, Clark McRay"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Valentine, Clark McRay","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. 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He served in the 92nd Infantry Division, which was an African American infantry division of the U. S. Army that served in both World Wars and Korea. Valentine died on February 12, 1988.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Clark McRay Valentine was born in Michigan on November 22, 1904. He served as a Captain and Medical Officer during World War II. He served in the 92nd Infantry Division, which was an African American infantry division of the U. S. Army that served in both World Wars and Korea. Valentine died on February 12, 1988."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaptain Clark McRay Valentine's Photograph Scrapbook (WLU Coll. 0136), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Captain Clark McRay Valentine's Photograph Scrapbook (WLU Coll. 0136), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhotograph scrapbook created by Captain Clark McRay Valentine while serving as a medical officer in the 92nd Infantry Division during World War II. He was stationed in both Italy and Germany in the tail end of the war and post-war period. There are photographs from his time in Italy, specifically Naples, and include fellow African American troops. At some point, Valentine's wife Frances and son Clark, Jr. visited him in Italy and are in some photographs. The post-war Germany photographs feature the ruins and militarized zones of Berlin. A set of photos are identified by Valentine as being captured from German POWs and depict Nazi ceremonies, Hitler Youth, military operations, Russia, equipment and leading German military figures like General Guderian. Researchers are advised that there is one photograph of a mass hanging (men and a woman) and photographs taken inside concentration camps and depict deceased individuals and a crematorium. Under one such photograph, Valentine captioned, \"Can we ever trust the Germans?\" Additionally, there are photographs of Hitler's Eagle's Nest and the surrounding town of Bechtesgaden and the nearby salt mines.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are a few loose photographs: one is of hospital building in Massa, Italy, one is of camp leaders a Annawan, Illinois, one is of a group of men and Clark, Jr. at Camp Wolf Lake, and one of an older couple who are presumed to be Frances and Clark Valentine. The men in the Wolf Lake photograph are either wearing civilian clothes, baseball uniforms, or what is likely a Civilian Conservation Corps uniform.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Photograph scrapbook created by Captain Clark McRay Valentine while serving as a medical officer in the 92nd Infantry Division during World War II. He was stationed in both Italy and Germany in the tail end of the war and post-war period. There are photographs from his time in Italy, specifically Naples, and include fellow African American troops. At some point, Valentine's wife Frances and son Clark, Jr. visited him in Italy and are in some photographs. The post-war Germany photographs feature the ruins and militarized zones of Berlin. A set of photos are identified by Valentine as being captured from German POWs and depict Nazi ceremonies, Hitler Youth, military operations, Russia, equipment and leading German military figures like General Guderian. Researchers are advised that there is one photograph of a mass hanging (men and a woman) and photographs taken inside concentration camps and depict deceased individuals and a crematorium. Under one such photograph, Valentine captioned, \"Can we ever trust the Germans?\" Additionally, there are photographs of Hitler's Eagle's Nest and the surrounding town of Bechtesgaden and the nearby salt mines.","There are a few loose photographs: one is of hospital building in Massa, Italy, one is of camp leaders a Annawan, Illinois, one is of a group of men and Clark, Jr. at Camp Wolf Lake, and one of an older couple who are presumed to be Frances and Clark Valentine. The men in the Wolf Lake photograph are either wearing civilian clothes, baseball uniforms, or what is likely a Civilian Conservation Corps uniform."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. 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Davis photograph albums, 1930/1950","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1652#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains two photo albums of Herbert R. Davis of Richmond, Virginia that document Black pre-World War II life in Richmond; Davis's service in the South Pacific (Guam, Guadalco, and Peleliu) as a Black Marine; and Davis's family life upon his return from combat during the early 1930's to the late 1940's. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1652#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1652","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1652","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1652","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1652","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1652.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196556","title_filing_ssi":"Davis, Herbert R., photograph albums","title_ssm":["Herbert R. Davis photograph albums"],"title_tesim":["Herbert R. Davis photograph albums"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1930-1950"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c. 1930-1950"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1930/1950"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Herbert R. Davis photograph albums, 1930/1950"],"text":["Herbert R. Davis photograph albums, 1930/1950","MSS 16840","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1652","Richmond (Va.)","African American soldiers","World War, 1939-1945 -- Participation, African American","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Pacific Ocean","The collection is open for research use.","This collection contains two photo albums of Herbert R. Davis of Richmond, Virginia that document Black pre-World War II life in Richmond; Davis's service in the South Pacific (Guam, Guadalco, and Peleliu) as a Black Marine; and Davis's family life upon his return from combat during the early 1930's to the late 1940's.","Many of Davis's fellow soldiers in the 11th Marine Depot Company, 16th Field Depot are posed in photographs. The 11th Company, who fought at the Battle of Peleliu,  had the heaviest casualty rate of any Black marine unit in the war. However, the majority of the photographs document African American communities in pre and post-war Richmond. Included are shots of Davis with friends and family, as well as studio and arcade portraits. They include street scenes, Black parades, including the African American Women's Army Corps (WAC), and sporting events. About twenty images depict segregation, with two images that include businesses with signs for \"Coloreds\" or \"Whites\"  and others that include a segregated beach.","When the 1st Marine Division, on 15 September 1944, attacked the heavily defended island of Peleliu in the Palau group, the 16th Field Depot supported the assault troops. The field depot included two African-American units, the 11th Marine Depot Company and the 7th Marine Ammunition Company. The 11th Marine Depot Company responded beyond the call of duty and paid the price, 17 wounded, the highest casualty rate of any company of African-American Marines during the entire war. Major General William H. Rupertus, who commanded the 1st Marine Division, sent identical letters of commendation to the commanders of both companies, praising the Black Marines for their \"whole hearted cooperation and untiring efforts\" which \"demonstrated in every respect\" that they \"appreciate the privilege of wearing a Marine uniform and serving with Marines in combat.\"","The album contains photographs of Herbert Davis and other marines holding guns in Peleliu, Palau.","The two albums contain seventy-one leaves with 324 black and white photographs and fourteen color photographs. 134 are hinged mounted, while the rest are corner mounted or tipped in. Some of the photographs contain captions. Many pages have missing photographs.","Source:\nNalty, Bernard, C. \"The Right to Fight: African-American Marines in World War II\" Commemorative Series produced by the Marine Corps History and Museums Division\nhttps://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/npswapa/extcontent/usmc/pcn-190-003132-00/sec10.htm","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Herbert R. Davis photograph albums, 1930/1950"],"collection_ssim":["Herbert R. Davis photograph albums, 1930/1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16840","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1652"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16840","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1652"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Langdon Manor by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 7 February 2024."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American soldiers","World War, 1939-1945 -- Participation, African American","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Pacific Ocean"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American soldiers","World War, 1939-1945 -- Participation, African American","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Pacific Ocean"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.6 Cubic Feet Two custom made medium oversize flat boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.6 Cubic Feet Two custom made medium oversize flat boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16840, Herbert R. Davis photograph albums, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16840, Herbert R. Davis photograph albums, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains two photo albums of Herbert R. Davis of Richmond, Virginia that document Black pre-World War II life in Richmond; Davis's service in the South Pacific (Guam, Guadalco, and Peleliu) as a Black Marine; and Davis's family life upon his return from combat during the early 1930's to the late 1940's. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of Davis's fellow soldiers in the 11th Marine Depot Company, 16th Field Depot are posed in photographs. The 11th Company, who fought at the Battle of Peleliu,  had the heaviest casualty rate of any Black marine unit in the war. However, the majority of the photographs document African American communities in pre and post-war Richmond. Included are shots of Davis with friends and family, as well as studio and arcade portraits. They include street scenes, Black parades, including the African American Women's Army Corps (WAC), and sporting events. About twenty images depict segregation, with two images that include businesses with signs for \"Coloreds\" or \"Whites\"  and others that include a segregated beach.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen the 1st Marine Division, on 15 September 1944, attacked the heavily defended island of Peleliu in the Palau group, the 16th Field Depot supported the assault troops. The field depot included two African-American units, the 11th Marine Depot Company and the 7th Marine Ammunition Company. The 11th Marine Depot Company responded beyond the call of duty and paid the price, 17 wounded, the highest casualty rate of any company of African-American Marines during the entire war. Major General William H. Rupertus, who commanded the 1st Marine Division, sent identical letters of commendation to the commanders of both companies, praising the Black Marines for their \"whole hearted cooperation and untiring efforts\" which \"demonstrated in every respect\" that they \"appreciate the privilege of wearing a Marine uniform and serving with Marines in combat.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe album contains photographs of Herbert Davis and other marines holding guns in Peleliu, Palau.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe two albums contain seventy-one leaves with 324 black and white photographs and fourteen color photographs. 134 are hinged mounted, while the rest are corner mounted or tipped in. Some of the photographs contain captions. 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However, the majority of the photographs document African American communities in pre and post-war Richmond. Included are shots of Davis with friends and family, as well as studio and arcade portraits. They include street scenes, Black parades, including the African American Women's Army Corps (WAC), and sporting events. About twenty images depict segregation, with two images that include businesses with signs for \"Coloreds\" or \"Whites\"  and others that include a segregated beach.","When the 1st Marine Division, on 15 September 1944, attacked the heavily defended island of Peleliu in the Palau group, the 16th Field Depot supported the assault troops. The field depot included two African-American units, the 11th Marine Depot Company and the 7th Marine Ammunition Company. The 11th Marine Depot Company responded beyond the call of duty and paid the price, 17 wounded, the highest casualty rate of any company of African-American Marines during the entire war. Major General William H. Rupertus, who commanded the 1st Marine Division, sent identical letters of commendation to the commanders of both companies, praising the Black Marines for their \"whole hearted cooperation and untiring efforts\" which \"demonstrated in every respect\" that they \"appreciate the privilege of wearing a Marine uniform and serving with Marines in combat.\"","The album contains photographs of Herbert Davis and other marines holding guns in Peleliu, Palau.","The two albums contain seventy-one leaves with 324 black and white photographs and fourteen color photographs. 134 are hinged mounted, while the rest are corner mounted or tipped in. Some of the photographs contain captions. Many pages have missing photographs.","Source:\nNalty, Bernard, C. \"The Right to Fight: African-American Marines in World War II\" Commemorative Series produced by the Marine Corps History and Museums Division\nhttps://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/npswapa/extcontent/usmc/pcn-190-003132-00/sec10.htm"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:38.700Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1652","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1652","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1652","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1652","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1652.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196556","title_filing_ssi":"Davis, Herbert R., photograph albums","title_ssm":["Herbert R. Davis photograph albums"],"title_tesim":["Herbert R. Davis photograph albums"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1930-1950"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c. 1930-1950"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1930/1950"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Herbert R. Davis photograph albums, 1930/1950"],"text":["Herbert R. Davis photograph albums, 1930/1950","MSS 16840","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1652","Richmond (Va.)","African American soldiers","World War, 1939-1945 -- Participation, African American","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Pacific Ocean","The collection is open for research use.","This collection contains two photo albums of Herbert R. 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About twenty images depict segregation, with two images that include businesses with signs for \"Coloreds\" or \"Whites\"  and others that include a segregated beach.","When the 1st Marine Division, on 15 September 1944, attacked the heavily defended island of Peleliu in the Palau group, the 16th Field Depot supported the assault troops. The field depot included two African-American units, the 11th Marine Depot Company and the 7th Marine Ammunition Company. The 11th Marine Depot Company responded beyond the call of duty and paid the price, 17 wounded, the highest casualty rate of any company of African-American Marines during the entire war. Major General William H. Rupertus, who commanded the 1st Marine Division, sent identical letters of commendation to the commanders of both companies, praising the Black Marines for their \"whole hearted cooperation and untiring efforts\" which \"demonstrated in every respect\" that they \"appreciate the privilege of wearing a Marine uniform and serving with Marines in combat.\"","The album contains photographs of Herbert Davis and other marines holding guns in Peleliu, Palau.","The two albums contain seventy-one leaves with 324 black and white photographs and fourteen color photographs. 134 are hinged mounted, while the rest are corner mounted or tipped in. Some of the photographs contain captions. Many pages have missing photographs.","Source:\nNalty, Bernard, C. \"The Right to Fight: African-American Marines in World War II\" Commemorative Series produced by the Marine Corps History and Museums Division\nhttps://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/npswapa/extcontent/usmc/pcn-190-003132-00/sec10.htm","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Herbert R. Davis photograph albums, 1930/1950"],"collection_ssim":["Herbert R. Davis photograph albums, 1930/1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16840","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1652"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16840","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1652"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Langdon Manor by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 7 February 2024."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American soldiers","World War, 1939-1945 -- Participation, African American","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Pacific Ocean"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American soldiers","World War, 1939-1945 -- Participation, African American","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Pacific Ocean"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.6 Cubic Feet Two custom made medium oversize flat boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.6 Cubic Feet Two custom made medium oversize flat boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16840, Herbert R. 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However, the majority of the photographs document African American communities in pre and post-war Richmond. Included are shots of Davis with friends and family, as well as studio and arcade portraits. They include street scenes, Black parades, including the African American Women's Army Corps (WAC), and sporting events. About twenty images depict segregation, with two images that include businesses with signs for \"Coloreds\" or \"Whites\"  and others that include a segregated beach.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen the 1st Marine Division, on 15 September 1944, attacked the heavily defended island of Peleliu in the Palau group, the 16th Field Depot supported the assault troops. The field depot included two African-American units, the 11th Marine Depot Company and the 7th Marine Ammunition Company. The 11th Marine Depot Company responded beyond the call of duty and paid the price, 17 wounded, the highest casualty rate of any company of African-American Marines during the entire war. Major General William H. Rupertus, who commanded the 1st Marine Division, sent identical letters of commendation to the commanders of both companies, praising the Black Marines for their \"whole hearted cooperation and untiring efforts\" which \"demonstrated in every respect\" that they \"appreciate the privilege of wearing a Marine uniform and serving with Marines in combat.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe album contains photographs of Herbert Davis and other marines holding guns in Peleliu, Palau.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe two albums contain seventy-one leaves with 324 black and white photographs and fourteen color photographs. 134 are hinged mounted, while the rest are corner mounted or tipped in. Some of the photographs contain captions. 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However, the majority of the photographs document African American communities in pre and post-war Richmond. Included are shots of Davis with friends and family, as well as studio and arcade portraits. They include street scenes, Black parades, including the African American Women's Army Corps (WAC), and sporting events. About twenty images depict segregation, with two images that include businesses with signs for \"Coloreds\" or \"Whites\"  and others that include a segregated beach.","When the 1st Marine Division, on 15 September 1944, attacked the heavily defended island of Peleliu in the Palau group, the 16th Field Depot supported the assault troops. The field depot included two African-American units, the 11th Marine Depot Company and the 7th Marine Ammunition Company. The 11th Marine Depot Company responded beyond the call of duty and paid the price, 17 wounded, the highest casualty rate of any company of African-American Marines during the entire war. Major General William H. Rupertus, who commanded the 1st Marine Division, sent identical letters of commendation to the commanders of both companies, praising the Black Marines for their \"whole hearted cooperation and untiring efforts\" which \"demonstrated in every respect\" that they \"appreciate the privilege of wearing a Marine uniform and serving with Marines in combat.\"","The album contains photographs of Herbert Davis and other marines holding guns in Peleliu, Palau.","The two albums contain seventy-one leaves with 324 black and white photographs and fourteen color photographs. 134 are hinged mounted, while the rest are corner mounted or tipped in. Some of the photographs contain captions. Many pages have missing photographs.","Source:\nNalty, Bernard, C. \"The Right to Fight: African-American Marines in World War II\" Commemorative Series produced by the Marine Corps History and Museums Division\nhttps://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/npswapa/extcontent/usmc/pcn-190-003132-00/sec10.htm"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:38.700Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1652"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","value":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+American+soldiers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library","value":"Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+American+soldiers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Washington+and+Lee+University%2C+Leyburn+Library\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+American+soldiers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Captain Clark McRay Valentine's photograph scrapbook, 1939/1949","value":"Captain Clark McRay Valentine's photograph scrapbook, 1939/1949","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+American+soldiers\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Captain+Clark+McRay+Valentine%27s+photograph+scrapbook%2C+1939%2F1949\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Herbert R. 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