{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+American+fraternal+organizations\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1966\u0026view=compact","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+American+fraternal+organizations\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1966\u0026page=1\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":4,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1688","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Gamma Chi Omega Chapter Records","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1688#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority","label":"Creator"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1688#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1688","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1688","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1688","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1688","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1688.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/198775","title_ssm":["Gamma Chi Omega Chapter Records"],"title_tesim":["Gamma Chi Omega Chapter Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1945-1981","1950-1969"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1950-1969"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1945-1981"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.16856","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1688"],"text":["MSS.16856","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1688","Gamma Chi Omega Chapter Records","Sororities","African American fraternal organizations","African American students","African American women","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority","Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority. 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The Order was headquartered on St. James Street in Richmond, where the two included letters dating from 1961 were postmarked. The letters were sent by Dorothy V. Turner, the recording secretary of the Order, to Alvis Pinnix of Burlington, North Carolina, a member of the Order. The February 6, 1961, letter invites Pinnix to an initiation of a new council, while the August 18, 1961, letter discusses an Order membership drive. An undated folded pamphlet titled \"Juvenile Catechism\" offers questions and answers about the \"Juvenile Circles\" within the Order of St. Luke. A 1968 \"Certificateholders' Report\" outlines the policyholder rating of The Right Worthy Grand Council, Independent Order of St. Luke, published by Dunne's Insurance Reports of Louisville, Kentucky. The third pamphlet is a program for a \"Testimonial Dinner,\" celebrating Dorothy E. Turner, an Order member, on October 10, 1975.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1843#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1843","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1843","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1843","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1843","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1843.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/239516","title_filing_ssi":"Independent Order of St. Luke collection","title_ssm":["Independent Order of St. Luke collection"],"title_tesim":["Independent Order of St. Luke collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1961-1975"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1961-1975"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16931","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1843"],"text":["MSS 16931","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1843","Independent Order of St. Luke collection","African American fraternal organizations","pamphlets","Good","This collection is open for research.","Independent Order of St. Luke was an African American fraternal order founded to promote Black economic independence. It was founded after the Civil War (1861–1865) in Baltimore, Maryland by Mary Ann Prout.[1][2] It was first called the United Order of St. Luke.[1] It published the St. Luke Herald newspaper (1902–1931),[3][4] established the St. Luke Penny Saver Bank (1903–1930),[5] and also founded and operated the department store St. Luke Emporium (1905–1912) in Richmond, Virginia.[6]","Black fraternal orders provided a means for Black community members to create resources to promote independence, self-reliance, and success that was not available to them by white businesses due to segregation. Members of the African American community also supported and were employed and serviced by Black businesses, like retail stores, insurance companies, banks, newspapers, and homes for the elderly.[1]","In 1869, the organization split into two factions. The new organization Independent Order of St. Luke was operated from Richmond, Virginia by William M. T. Forrester. He ran the organization for thirty years, until the late 1890s, when membership had fallen to 1,000 members.[1] ","Maggie L. Walker had led the development of a juvenile department and rose through the ranks of the organization until she became the leader of the organization in 1899. In two years, she doubled its membership. New headquarters were established at the St. Luke Building in 1903. St. Luke Building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[1] Under her leadership, the organization supported 100,000 members in 26 states. Her policy of \"cooperative economics\" resulted in Black businesses employing Black workers, which were patronized by the community. She oversaw the founding of the St. Luke Herald newspaper, a department store, and the St. Luke Penny Savings Bank.[1][2] The Consolidated Bank and Trust was the longest-running, independently owned Black-owned bank in the country. It was sold in 2005.[1]","Hattie N. F. Walker, Maggie Walker's daughter-in-law, became leader of the organization after Maggie died in 1934. She ran the organization until 1957. The fraternal order was disbanded in 1988.[1]","With other Black fraternal orders, the Independent Order of St. Luke helped Richmond being named as the \"Birthplace of Black Capitalism,\" \"Black Wall Street,\" and \"Harlem of the South.\"[1] ","Source:\n\"Independent Order of St. Luke\" Wikipedia. Accessed 12/16/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Order_of_St._Luke","This collection is related to other chapters of the Independent Order of St. Luke including MSS 16129 and MSS 14777-a/","This collection contains two letters and three pamphlets related to the Independent Order of St. Luke, an African American fraternal order founded after the Civil War to promote Black economic independence. The Order was headquartered on St. James Street in Richmond, where the two included letters dating from 1961 were postmarked. The letters were sent by Dorothy V. Turner, the recording secretary of the Order, to Alvis Pinnix of Burlington, North Carolina, a member of the Order. The February 6, 1961, letter invites Pinnix to an initiation of a new council, while the August 18, 1961, letter discusses an Order membership drive. An undated folded pamphlet titled \"Juvenile Catechism\" offers questions and answers about the \"Juvenile Circles\" within the Order of St. Luke. A 1968 \"Certificateholders' Report\" outlines the policyholder rating of The Right Worthy Grand Council, Independent Order of St. Luke, published by Dunne's Insurance Reports of Louisville, Kentucky. The third pamphlet is a program for a \"Testimonial Dinner,\" celebrating Dorothy E. Turner, an Order member, on October 10, 1975.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Independent Order of St. Luke","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16931","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1843"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Independent Order of St. Luke collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Independent Order of St. Luke collection"],"collection_ssim":["Independent Order of St. Luke collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Independent Order of St. Luke"],"creator_ssim":["Independent Order of St. Luke"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Independent Order of St. Luke"],"creators_ssim":["Independent Order of St. Luke"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from  Caroliniana Rare Books to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 12 August 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American fraternal organizations","pamphlets"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American fraternal organizations","pamphlets"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good"],"extent_ssm":["0.03 Cubic Feet One letter-sized file folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.03 Cubic Feet One letter-sized file folder"],"genreform_ssim":["pamphlets"],"date_range_isim":[1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIndependent Order of St. Luke was an African American fraternal order founded to promote Black economic independence. 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It was founded after the Civil War (1861–1865) in Baltimore, Maryland by Mary Ann Prout.[1][2] It was first called the United Order of St. Luke.[1] It published the St. Luke Herald newspaper (1902–1931),[3][4] established the St. Luke Penny Saver Bank (1903–1930),[5] and also founded and operated the department store St. Luke Emporium (1905–1912) in Richmond, Virginia.[6]","Black fraternal orders provided a means for Black community members to create resources to promote independence, self-reliance, and success that was not available to them by white businesses due to segregation. Members of the African American community also supported and were employed and serviced by Black businesses, like retail stores, insurance companies, banks, newspapers, and homes for the elderly.[1]","In 1869, the organization split into two factions. The new organization Independent Order of St. Luke was operated from Richmond, Virginia by William M. T. Forrester. He ran the organization for thirty years, until the late 1890s, when membership had fallen to 1,000 members.[1] ","Maggie L. Walker had led the development of a juvenile department and rose through the ranks of the organization until she became the leader of the organization in 1899. In two years, she doubled its membership. New headquarters were established at the St. Luke Building in 1903. St. Luke Building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[1] Under her leadership, the organization supported 100,000 members in 26 states. Her policy of \"cooperative economics\" resulted in Black businesses employing Black workers, which were patronized by the community. She oversaw the founding of the St. Luke Herald newspaper, a department store, and the St. Luke Penny Savings Bank.[1][2] The Consolidated Bank and Trust was the longest-running, independently owned Black-owned bank in the country. It was sold in 2005.[1]","Hattie N. F. Walker, Maggie Walker's daughter-in-law, became leader of the organization after Maggie died in 1934. She ran the organization until 1957. The fraternal order was disbanded in 1988.[1]","With other Black fraternal orders, the Independent Order of St. Luke helped Richmond being named as the \"Birthplace of Black Capitalism,\" \"Black Wall Street,\" and \"Harlem of the South.\"[1] ","Source:\n\"Independent Order of St. Luke\" Wikipedia. Accessed 12/16/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Order_of_St._Luke"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16931, Independent Order of St. Luke collection, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16931, Independent Order of St. Luke collection, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is related to other chapters of the Independent Order of St. Luke including MSS 16129 and MSS 14777-a/\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["This collection is related to other chapters of the Independent Order of St. Luke including MSS 16129 and MSS 14777-a/"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains two letters and three pamphlets related to the Independent Order of St. Luke, an African American fraternal order founded after the Civil War to promote Black economic independence. The Order was headquartered on St. James Street in Richmond, where the two included letters dating from 1961 were postmarked. The letters were sent by Dorothy V. Turner, the recording secretary of the Order, to Alvis Pinnix of Burlington, North Carolina, a member of the Order. The February 6, 1961, letter invites Pinnix to an initiation of a new council, while the August 18, 1961, letter discusses an Order membership drive. An undated folded pamphlet titled \"Juvenile Catechism\" offers questions and answers about the \"Juvenile Circles\" within the Order of St. Luke. A 1968 \"Certificateholders' Report\" outlines the policyholder rating of The Right Worthy Grand Council, Independent Order of St. Luke, published by Dunne's Insurance Reports of Louisville, Kentucky. The third pamphlet is a program for a \"Testimonial Dinner,\" celebrating Dorothy E. Turner, an Order member, on October 10, 1975.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains two letters and three pamphlets related to the Independent Order of St. Luke, an African American fraternal order founded after the Civil War to promote Black economic independence. The Order was headquartered on St. James Street in Richmond, where the two included letters dating from 1961 were postmarked. The letters were sent by Dorothy V. Turner, the recording secretary of the Order, to Alvis Pinnix of Burlington, North Carolina, a member of the Order. The February 6, 1961, letter invites Pinnix to an initiation of a new council, while the August 18, 1961, letter discusses an Order membership drive. An undated folded pamphlet titled \"Juvenile Catechism\" offers questions and answers about the \"Juvenile Circles\" within the Order of St. Luke. A 1968 \"Certificateholders' Report\" outlines the policyholder rating of The Right Worthy Grand Council, Independent Order of St. Luke, published by Dunne's Insurance Reports of Louisville, Kentucky. The third pamphlet is a program for a \"Testimonial Dinner,\" celebrating Dorothy E. 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It was founded after the Civil War (1861–1865) in Baltimore, Maryland by Mary Ann Prout.[1][2] It was first called the United Order of St. Luke.[1] It published the St. Luke Herald newspaper (1902–1931),[3][4] established the St. Luke Penny Saver Bank (1903–1930),[5] and also founded and operated the department store St. Luke Emporium (1905–1912) in Richmond, Virginia.[6]","Black fraternal orders provided a means for Black community members to create resources to promote independence, self-reliance, and success that was not available to them by white businesses due to segregation. Members of the African American community also supported and were employed and serviced by Black businesses, like retail stores, insurance companies, banks, newspapers, and homes for the elderly.[1]","In 1869, the organization split into two factions. The new organization Independent Order of St. Luke was operated from Richmond, Virginia by William M. T. Forrester. He ran the organization for thirty years, until the late 1890s, when membership had fallen to 1,000 members.[1] ","Maggie L. Walker had led the development of a juvenile department and rose through the ranks of the organization until she became the leader of the organization in 1899. In two years, she doubled its membership. New headquarters were established at the St. Luke Building in 1903. St. Luke Building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[1] Under her leadership, the organization supported 100,000 members in 26 states. Her policy of \"cooperative economics\" resulted in Black businesses employing Black workers, which were patronized by the community. She oversaw the founding of the St. Luke Herald newspaper, a department store, and the St. Luke Penny Savings Bank.[1][2] The Consolidated Bank and Trust was the longest-running, independently owned Black-owned bank in the country. It was sold in 2005.[1]","Hattie N. F. Walker, Maggie Walker's daughter-in-law, became leader of the organization after Maggie died in 1934. She ran the organization until 1957. The fraternal order was disbanded in 1988.[1]","With other Black fraternal orders, the Independent Order of St. Luke helped Richmond being named as the \"Birthplace of Black Capitalism,\" \"Black Wall Street,\" and \"Harlem of the South.\"[1] ","Source:\n\"Independent Order of St. Luke\" Wikipedia. Accessed 12/16/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Order_of_St._Luke","This collection is related to other chapters of the Independent Order of St. Luke including MSS 16129 and MSS 14777-a/","This collection contains two letters and three pamphlets related to the Independent Order of St. Luke, an African American fraternal order founded after the Civil War to promote Black economic independence. The Order was headquartered on St. James Street in Richmond, where the two included letters dating from 1961 were postmarked. The letters were sent by Dorothy V. Turner, the recording secretary of the Order, to Alvis Pinnix of Burlington, North Carolina, a member of the Order. The February 6, 1961, letter invites Pinnix to an initiation of a new council, while the August 18, 1961, letter discusses an Order membership drive. An undated folded pamphlet titled \"Juvenile Catechism\" offers questions and answers about the \"Juvenile Circles\" within the Order of St. Luke. A 1968 \"Certificateholders' Report\" outlines the policyholder rating of The Right Worthy Grand Council, Independent Order of St. Luke, published by Dunne's Insurance Reports of Louisville, Kentucky. The third pamphlet is a program for a \"Testimonial Dinner,\" celebrating Dorothy E. Turner, an Order member, on October 10, 1975.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Independent Order of St. Luke","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16931","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1843"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Independent Order of St. Luke collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Independent Order of St. Luke collection"],"collection_ssim":["Independent Order of St. Luke collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Independent Order of St. Luke"],"creator_ssim":["Independent Order of St. Luke"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Independent Order of St. Luke"],"creators_ssim":["Independent Order of St. Luke"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from  Caroliniana Rare Books to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 12 August 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American fraternal organizations","pamphlets"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American fraternal organizations","pamphlets"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good"],"extent_ssm":["0.03 Cubic Feet One letter-sized file folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.03 Cubic Feet One letter-sized file folder"],"genreform_ssim":["pamphlets"],"date_range_isim":[1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIndependent Order of St. Luke was an African American fraternal order founded to promote Black economic independence. It was founded after the Civil War (1861–1865) in Baltimore, Maryland by Mary Ann Prout.[1][2] It was first called the United Order of St. Luke.[1] It published the St. Luke Herald newspaper (1902–1931),[3][4] established the St. Luke Penny Saver Bank (1903–1930),[5] and also founded and operated the department store St. Luke Emporium (1905–1912) in Richmond, Virginia.[6]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBlack fraternal orders provided a means for Black community members to create resources to promote independence, self-reliance, and success that was not available to them by white businesses due to segregation. Members of the African American community also supported and were employed and serviced by Black businesses, like retail stores, insurance companies, banks, newspapers, and homes for the elderly.[1]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1869, the organization split into two factions. The new organization Independent Order of St. Luke was operated from Richmond, Virginia by William M. T. Forrester. He ran the organization for thirty years, until the late 1890s, when membership had fallen to 1,000 members.[1] \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaggie L. Walker had led the development of a juvenile department and rose through the ranks of the organization until she became the leader of the organization in 1899. In two years, she doubled its membership. New headquarters were established at the St. Luke Building in 1903. St. Luke Building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[1] Under her leadership, the organization supported 100,000 members in 26 states. Her policy of \"cooperative economics\" resulted in Black businesses employing Black workers, which were patronized by the community. She oversaw the founding of the St. Luke Herald newspaper, a department store, and the St. Luke Penny Savings Bank.[1][2] The Consolidated Bank and Trust was the longest-running, independently owned Black-owned bank in the country. It was sold in 2005.[1]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHattie N. F. Walker, Maggie Walker's daughter-in-law, became leader of the organization after Maggie died in 1934. She ran the organization until 1957. The fraternal order was disbanded in 1988.[1]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith other Black fraternal orders, the Independent Order of St. Luke helped Richmond being named as the \"Birthplace of Black Capitalism,\" \"Black Wall Street,\" and \"Harlem of the South.\"[1] \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource:\n\"Independent Order of St. Luke\" Wikipedia. Accessed 12/16/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Order_of_St._Luke\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Independent Order of St. Luke was an African American fraternal order founded to promote Black economic independence. It was founded after the Civil War (1861–1865) in Baltimore, Maryland by Mary Ann Prout.[1][2] It was first called the United Order of St. Luke.[1] It published the St. Luke Herald newspaper (1902–1931),[3][4] established the St. Luke Penny Saver Bank (1903–1930),[5] and also founded and operated the department store St. Luke Emporium (1905–1912) in Richmond, Virginia.[6]","Black fraternal orders provided a means for Black community members to create resources to promote independence, self-reliance, and success that was not available to them by white businesses due to segregation. Members of the African American community also supported and were employed and serviced by Black businesses, like retail stores, insurance companies, banks, newspapers, and homes for the elderly.[1]","In 1869, the organization split into two factions. The new organization Independent Order of St. Luke was operated from Richmond, Virginia by William M. T. Forrester. He ran the organization for thirty years, until the late 1890s, when membership had fallen to 1,000 members.[1] ","Maggie L. Walker had led the development of a juvenile department and rose through the ranks of the organization until she became the leader of the organization in 1899. In two years, she doubled its membership. New headquarters were established at the St. Luke Building in 1903. St. Luke Building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[1] Under her leadership, the organization supported 100,000 members in 26 states. Her policy of \"cooperative economics\" resulted in Black businesses employing Black workers, which were patronized by the community. She oversaw the founding of the St. Luke Herald newspaper, a department store, and the St. Luke Penny Savings Bank.[1][2] The Consolidated Bank and Trust was the longest-running, independently owned Black-owned bank in the country. It was sold in 2005.[1]","Hattie N. F. Walker, Maggie Walker's daughter-in-law, became leader of the organization after Maggie died in 1934. She ran the organization until 1957. The fraternal order was disbanded in 1988.[1]","With other Black fraternal orders, the Independent Order of St. Luke helped Richmond being named as the \"Birthplace of Black Capitalism,\" \"Black Wall Street,\" and \"Harlem of the South.\"[1] ","Source:\n\"Independent Order of St. Luke\" Wikipedia. Accessed 12/16/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Order_of_St._Luke"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16931, Independent Order of St. Luke collection, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16931, Independent Order of St. Luke collection, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is related to other chapters of the Independent Order of St. Luke including MSS 16129 and MSS 14777-a/\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["This collection is related to other chapters of the Independent Order of St. Luke including MSS 16129 and MSS 14777-a/"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains two letters and three pamphlets related to the Independent Order of St. Luke, an African American fraternal order founded after the Civil War to promote Black economic independence. The Order was headquartered on St. James Street in Richmond, where the two included letters dating from 1961 were postmarked. The letters were sent by Dorothy V. Turner, the recording secretary of the Order, to Alvis Pinnix of Burlington, North Carolina, a member of the Order. The February 6, 1961, letter invites Pinnix to an initiation of a new council, while the August 18, 1961, letter discusses an Order membership drive. An undated folded pamphlet titled \"Juvenile Catechism\" offers questions and answers about the \"Juvenile Circles\" within the Order of St. Luke. A 1968 \"Certificateholders' Report\" outlines the policyholder rating of The Right Worthy Grand Council, Independent Order of St. Luke, published by Dunne's Insurance Reports of Louisville, Kentucky. The third pamphlet is a program for a \"Testimonial Dinner,\" celebrating Dorothy E. Turner, an Order member, on October 10, 1975.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains two letters and three pamphlets related to the Independent Order of St. Luke, an African American fraternal order founded after the Civil War to promote Black economic independence. The Order was headquartered on St. James Street in Richmond, where the two included letters dating from 1961 were postmarked. The letters were sent by Dorothy V. Turner, the recording secretary of the Order, to Alvis Pinnix of Burlington, North Carolina, a member of the Order. The February 6, 1961, letter invites Pinnix to an initiation of a new council, while the August 18, 1961, letter discusses an Order membership drive. An undated folded pamphlet titled \"Juvenile Catechism\" offers questions and answers about the \"Juvenile Circles\" within the Order of St. Luke. A 1968 \"Certificateholders' Report\" outlines the policyholder rating of The Right Worthy Grand Council, Independent Order of St. Luke, published by Dunne's Insurance Reports of Louisville, Kentucky. The third pamphlet is a program for a \"Testimonial Dinner,\" celebrating Dorothy E. Turner, an Order member, on October 10, 1975."],"names_coll_ssim":["Independent Order of St. Luke"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Independent Order of St. Luke"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Independent Order of St. Luke"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:36:10.408Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1843"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1001","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Roy Davis collection of African American masonic programs","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1001#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Prince Hall Conference of Grand Masters, Inc.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1001#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains thirty-two programs of Masonic related events. Twenty-seven are souvenir programs from African American Masonic meetings and events belonging to Roy Davis, a resident of Norwalk, Connecticut who was active in the Prince Hall Grand Chapter of New England. In addition to these are five programs for miscellaneous African American society events in the Northeast. Most of the programs were for events taking place in Connecticut between the late 1960s and early 1980s. There are also programs for the Order of the Eastern Star and the \"National Council of Negro Women\" that are for women who want to join the masons.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1001#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1001","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1001","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1001","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1001","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1001.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/146060","title_filing_ssi":"Davis, Roy collection of African American masonic programs","title_ssm":["Roy Davis collection of African American masonic programs"],"title_tesim":["Roy Davis collection of African American masonic programs"],"unitdate_ssm":["1960-1981"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1960-1981"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16493","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival 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Davis collection of African American masonic programs","African American fraternal organizations","African American freemasons -- Connecticut","Fair","This collection is open for research.","On March 6, 1775, Prince Hall and 14 freed men of color (Cyrus Forbes; Bristol Stenzer; Thomas Sanderson; Prince Taylor; Cato Gardner; Boston Smith; Peter Best; Fortune Howard; Prince Reed; John Carter; Peter Freeman; Benjamin Tyler; Cuff Bufform; and Richard Tilledge) were denied membership into the White Freemasons of Massachusetts (located in Boston) and they petitioned to the Grand Lodge of England for their own charter, which they received on September 29, 1784. It marked the first time that African American men were made freemasons in America. This occurred during a time when African Americans needed a means by which to advance the cause of equality. Boston was a major port for selling enslaved persons in the North. The Colonies enacted Black Codes, curtailing the movements of Black people, both free and enslaved.Prince Hall looked to the Fraternal Order of Free and Accepted Masons because the chief purpose of Freemasonry is benevolence and charity to all mankind. In 1791, Worshipful Master Prince Hall was appointed a Provincial Grand Master of the first Black Provincial Grand Lodge.","In December 1808, one year after the death of Prince Hall, African Lodge #459 (Boston), African Lodge #459 (Philadelphia) and Hiram Lodge #3 (Providence) merged into African Grand Lodge #1. In 1847, out of respect for their founding father and first Grand Master, Prince Hall, they changed their name to the Prince Hall Grand Lodge, the name it carries today. In 1848 Union Lodge #2, Rising Sons of St. John #3 and Celestial Lodge #4 became the first lodges organized under the name Prince Hall Grand Lodge.","Prince Hall Freemasons have split into two organizations. The original Prince Hall Freemasons follow a National Grand Lodge order and the majority of Prince Hall Freemasons left in 1863 to become the Prince Hall Affiliates who follow a state jurisdiction. There is also controversy about the segregation of Freemasonry. Some Prince Hall Freemasons believe segregation offers unity and advancement for African American Freemasons while others want one integrated freemasonry.Today, the Prince Hall Masonic Order (Affiliates) spans across all 50 states in the U.S. as well as Lodges in Canada, the West Indies, the Bahamas, Europe, and Asia. There are over 250,000 Prince Hall Masons worldwide, working in more than 5,000 Lodges that can trace their roots to Prince Hall Lodge #459.","References\nWesley, Charles Harris, Dr., \"Historic Record,\" Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge Free and Accepted Masons of Texas and Jurisdiction website,First Edition Prince Hall Masonic Directory, March 20, 1981\nhttps://www.mwphglotx.org/about-freemasonry/who-was-prince-hall/","Miller, Yawu, \"Black Masons owe lineage to 18th century Boston pioneer Prince Hall\" The Bay State Banner, Boston, Massachusetts, February 8th, 2017\nhttps://www.baystatebanner.com/2017/02/08/black-masons-owe-lineage-to-18th-century-boston-pioneer-prince-hall/","Swanson, Abigail, \"Prince Hall Masons(1784-)\" Blackpast website,Seattle, Washington, January 2, 2012 \nhttps://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/prince-hall-masons-1784/","Biagetti, Samuel, \"The Masons Are Still Segregated?\"KB Killing The Buddha, October 2, 2009\nhttps://killingthebuddha.com/ktblog/the-masons-are-still-segregated/","Hodapp, Christopher, \"The Great Debate Within African American Freemasonry\" Freemasons For Dummies, June 15, 2009.\nhttps://freemasonsfordummies.blogspot.com/2009/06/great-debate-within-african-american.html","This collection contains thirty-two programs of Masonic related events. Twenty-seven are souvenir programs from African American Masonic meetings and events belonging to Roy Davis, a resident of Norwalk, Connecticut who was active in the Prince Hall Grand Chapter of New England. In addition to these are five programs for miscellaneous African American society events in the Northeast. Most of the programs were for events taking place in Connecticut between the late 1960s and early 1980s. There are also programs for the Order of the Eastern Star and the \"National Council of Negro Women\" that are for women who want to join the masons.","Under the external documents, a spreadsheet is available with an inventory of the masonic programs.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Prince Hall Conference of Grand Masters, Inc.","Davis, Roy","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16493","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Roy Davis collection of African American masonic programs"],"collection_title_tesim":["Roy Davis collection of African American masonic programs"],"collection_ssim":["Roy Davis collection of African American masonic programs"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Prince Hall Conference of Grand Masters, Inc.","Davis, Roy"],"creator_ssim":["Prince Hall Conference of Grand Masters, Inc.","Davis, Roy"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Davis, Roy"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Prince Hall Conference of Grand Masters, Inc."],"creators_ssim":["Davis, Roy","Prince Hall Conference of Grand Masters, Inc."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American fraternal organizations","African American freemasons -- Connecticut"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American fraternal organizations","African American freemasons -- Connecticut"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair"],"extent_ssm":[".5 Cubic Feet 1 legal document box"],"extent_tesim":[".5 Cubic Feet 1 legal document box"],"physfacet_tesim":["programs"],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOn March 6, 1775, Prince Hall and 14 freed men of color (Cyrus Forbes; Bristol Stenzer; Thomas Sanderson; Prince Taylor; Cato Gardner; Boston Smith; Peter Best; Fortune Howard; Prince Reed; John Carter; Peter Freeman; Benjamin Tyler; Cuff Bufform; and Richard Tilledge) were denied membership into the White Freemasons of Massachusetts (located in Boston) and they petitioned to the Grand Lodge of England for their own charter, which they received on September 29, 1784. It marked the first time that African American men were made freemasons in America. This occurred during a time when African Americans needed a means by which to advance the cause of equality. Boston was a major port for selling enslaved persons in the North. The Colonies enacted Black Codes, curtailing the movements of Black people, both free and enslaved.Prince Hall looked to the Fraternal Order of Free and Accepted Masons because the chief purpose of Freemasonry is benevolence and charity to all mankind. In 1791, Worshipful Master Prince Hall was appointed a Provincial Grand Master of the first Black Provincial Grand Lodge.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn December 1808, one year after the death of Prince Hall, African Lodge #459 (Boston), African Lodge #459 (Philadelphia) and Hiram Lodge #3 (Providence) merged into African Grand Lodge #1. In 1847, out of respect for their founding father and first Grand Master, Prince Hall, they changed their name to the Prince Hall Grand Lodge, the name it carries today. In 1848 Union Lodge #2, Rising Sons of St. John #3 and Celestial Lodge #4 became the first lodges organized under the name Prince Hall Grand Lodge.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePrince Hall Freemasons have split into two organizations. The original Prince Hall Freemasons follow a National Grand Lodge order and the majority of Prince Hall Freemasons left in 1863 to become the Prince Hall Affiliates who follow a state jurisdiction. There is also controversy about the segregation of Freemasonry. Some Prince Hall Freemasons believe segregation offers unity and advancement for African American Freemasons while others want one integrated freemasonry.Today, the Prince Hall Masonic Order (Affiliates) spans across all 50 states in the U.S. as well as Lodges in Canada, the West Indies, the Bahamas, Europe, and Asia. There are over 250,000 Prince Hall Masons worldwide, working in more than 5,000 Lodges that can trace their roots to Prince Hall Lodge #459.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReferences\nWesley, Charles Harris, Dr., \"Historic Record,\" Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge Free and Accepted Masons of Texas and Jurisdiction website,First Edition Prince Hall Masonic Directory, March 20, 1981\nhttps://www.mwphglotx.org/about-freemasonry/who-was-prince-hall/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMiller, Yawu, \"Black Masons owe lineage to 18th century Boston pioneer Prince Hall\" The Bay State Banner, Boston, Massachusetts, February 8th, 2017\nhttps://www.baystatebanner.com/2017/02/08/black-masons-owe-lineage-to-18th-century-boston-pioneer-prince-hall/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSwanson, Abigail, \"Prince Hall Masons(1784-)\" Blackpast website,Seattle, Washington, January 2, 2012 \nhttps://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/prince-hall-masons-1784/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBiagetti, Samuel, \"The Masons Are Still Segregated?\"KB Killing The Buddha, October 2, 2009\nhttps://killingthebuddha.com/ktblog/the-masons-are-still-segregated/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHodapp, Christopher, \"The Great Debate Within African American Freemasonry\" Freemasons For Dummies, June 15, 2009.\nhttps://freemasonsfordummies.blogspot.com/2009/06/great-debate-within-african-american.html\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["On March 6, 1775, Prince Hall and 14 freed men of color (Cyrus Forbes; Bristol Stenzer; Thomas Sanderson; Prince Taylor; Cato Gardner; Boston Smith; Peter Best; Fortune Howard; Prince Reed; John Carter; Peter Freeman; Benjamin Tyler; Cuff Bufform; and Richard Tilledge) were denied membership into the White Freemasons of Massachusetts (located in Boston) and they petitioned to the Grand Lodge of England for their own charter, which they received on September 29, 1784. It marked the first time that African American men were made freemasons in America. This occurred during a time when African Americans needed a means by which to advance the cause of equality. Boston was a major port for selling enslaved persons in the North. The Colonies enacted Black Codes, curtailing the movements of Black people, both free and enslaved.Prince Hall looked to the Fraternal Order of Free and Accepted Masons because the chief purpose of Freemasonry is benevolence and charity to all mankind. In 1791, Worshipful Master Prince Hall was appointed a Provincial Grand Master of the first Black Provincial Grand Lodge.","In December 1808, one year after the death of Prince Hall, African Lodge #459 (Boston), African Lodge #459 (Philadelphia) and Hiram Lodge #3 (Providence) merged into African Grand Lodge #1. In 1847, out of respect for their founding father and first Grand Master, Prince Hall, they changed their name to the Prince Hall Grand Lodge, the name it carries today. In 1848 Union Lodge #2, Rising Sons of St. John #3 and Celestial Lodge #4 became the first lodges organized under the name Prince Hall Grand Lodge.","Prince Hall Freemasons have split into two organizations. The original Prince Hall Freemasons follow a National Grand Lodge order and the majority of Prince Hall Freemasons left in 1863 to become the Prince Hall Affiliates who follow a state jurisdiction. There is also controversy about the segregation of Freemasonry. Some Prince Hall Freemasons believe segregation offers unity and advancement for African American Freemasons while others want one integrated freemasonry.Today, the Prince Hall Masonic Order (Affiliates) spans across all 50 states in the U.S. as well as Lodges in Canada, the West Indies, the Bahamas, Europe, and Asia. There are over 250,000 Prince Hall Masons worldwide, working in more than 5,000 Lodges that can trace their roots to Prince Hall Lodge #459.","References\nWesley, Charles Harris, Dr., \"Historic Record,\" Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge Free and Accepted Masons of Texas and Jurisdiction website,First Edition Prince Hall Masonic Directory, March 20, 1981\nhttps://www.mwphglotx.org/about-freemasonry/who-was-prince-hall/","Miller, Yawu, \"Black Masons owe lineage to 18th century Boston pioneer Prince Hall\" The Bay State Banner, Boston, Massachusetts, February 8th, 2017\nhttps://www.baystatebanner.com/2017/02/08/black-masons-owe-lineage-to-18th-century-boston-pioneer-prince-hall/","Swanson, Abigail, \"Prince Hall Masons(1784-)\" Blackpast website,Seattle, Washington, January 2, 2012 \nhttps://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/prince-hall-masons-1784/","Biagetti, Samuel, \"The Masons Are Still Segregated?\"KB Killing The Buddha, October 2, 2009\nhttps://killingthebuddha.com/ktblog/the-masons-are-still-segregated/","Hodapp, Christopher, \"The Great Debate Within African American Freemasonry\" Freemasons For Dummies, June 15, 2009.\nhttps://freemasonsfordummies.blogspot.com/2009/06/great-debate-within-african-american.html"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains thirty-two programs of Masonic related events. Twenty-seven are souvenir programs from African American Masonic meetings and events belonging to Roy Davis, a resident of Norwalk, Connecticut who was active in the Prince Hall Grand Chapter of New England. In addition to these are five programs for miscellaneous African American society events in the Northeast. Most of the programs were for events taking place in Connecticut between the late 1960s and early 1980s. There are also programs for the Order of the Eastern Star and the \"National Council of Negro Women\" that are for women who want to join the masons.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnder the external documents, a spreadsheet is available with an inventory of the masonic programs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains thirty-two programs of Masonic related events. Twenty-seven are souvenir programs from African American Masonic meetings and events belonging to Roy Davis, a resident of Norwalk, Connecticut who was active in the Prince Hall Grand Chapter of New England. In addition to these are five programs for miscellaneous African American society events in the Northeast. Most of the programs were for events taking place in Connecticut between the late 1960s and early 1980s. There are also programs for the Order of the Eastern Star and the \"National Council of Negro Women\" that are for women who want to join the masons.","Under the external documents, a spreadsheet is available with an inventory of the masonic programs."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Prince Hall Conference of Grand Masters, Inc.","Davis, Roy"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Prince Hall Conference of Grand Masters, Inc."],"names_coll_ssim":["Davis, Roy"],"persname_ssim":["Davis, Roy"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:26:20.177Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1001","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1001","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1001","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1001","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1001.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/146060","title_filing_ssi":"Davis, Roy collection of African American masonic programs","title_ssm":["Roy Davis collection of African American masonic programs"],"title_tesim":["Roy Davis collection of African American masonic programs"],"unitdate_ssm":["1960-1981"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1960-1981"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16493","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource 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freed men of color (Cyrus Forbes; Bristol Stenzer; Thomas Sanderson; Prince Taylor; Cato Gardner; Boston Smith; Peter Best; Fortune Howard; Prince Reed; John Carter; Peter Freeman; Benjamin Tyler; Cuff Bufform; and Richard Tilledge) were denied membership into the White Freemasons of Massachusetts (located in Boston) and they petitioned to the Grand Lodge of England for their own charter, which they received on September 29, 1784. It marked the first time that African American men were made freemasons in America. This occurred during a time when African Americans needed a means by which to advance the cause of equality. Boston was a major port for selling enslaved persons in the North. The Colonies enacted Black Codes, curtailing the movements of Black people, both free and enslaved.Prince Hall looked to the Fraternal Order of Free and Accepted Masons because the chief purpose of Freemasonry is benevolence and charity to all mankind. In 1791, Worshipful Master Prince Hall was appointed a Provincial Grand Master of the first Black Provincial Grand Lodge.","In December 1808, one year after the death of Prince Hall, African Lodge #459 (Boston), African Lodge #459 (Philadelphia) and Hiram Lodge #3 (Providence) merged into African Grand Lodge #1. In 1847, out of respect for their founding father and first Grand Master, Prince Hall, they changed their name to the Prince Hall Grand Lodge, the name it carries today. In 1848 Union Lodge #2, Rising Sons of St. John #3 and Celestial Lodge #4 became the first lodges organized under the name Prince Hall Grand Lodge.","Prince Hall Freemasons have split into two organizations. The original Prince Hall Freemasons follow a National Grand Lodge order and the majority of Prince Hall Freemasons left in 1863 to become the Prince Hall Affiliates who follow a state jurisdiction. There is also controversy about the segregation of Freemasonry. Some Prince Hall Freemasons believe segregation offers unity and advancement for African American Freemasons while others want one integrated freemasonry.Today, the Prince Hall Masonic Order (Affiliates) spans across all 50 states in the U.S. as well as Lodges in Canada, the West Indies, the Bahamas, Europe, and Asia. There are over 250,000 Prince Hall Masons worldwide, working in more than 5,000 Lodges that can trace their roots to Prince Hall Lodge #459.","References\nWesley, Charles Harris, Dr., \"Historic Record,\" Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge Free and Accepted Masons of Texas and Jurisdiction website,First Edition Prince Hall Masonic Directory, March 20, 1981\nhttps://www.mwphglotx.org/about-freemasonry/who-was-prince-hall/","Miller, Yawu, \"Black Masons owe lineage to 18th century Boston pioneer Prince Hall\" The Bay State Banner, Boston, Massachusetts, February 8th, 2017\nhttps://www.baystatebanner.com/2017/02/08/black-masons-owe-lineage-to-18th-century-boston-pioneer-prince-hall/","Swanson, Abigail, \"Prince Hall Masons(1784-)\" Blackpast website,Seattle, Washington, January 2, 2012 \nhttps://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/prince-hall-masons-1784/","Biagetti, Samuel, \"The Masons Are Still Segregated?\"KB Killing The Buddha, October 2, 2009\nhttps://killingthebuddha.com/ktblog/the-masons-are-still-segregated/","Hodapp, Christopher, \"The Great Debate Within African American Freemasonry\" Freemasons For Dummies, June 15, 2009.\nhttps://freemasonsfordummies.blogspot.com/2009/06/great-debate-within-african-american.html","This collection contains thirty-two programs of Masonic related events. Twenty-seven are souvenir programs from African American Masonic meetings and events belonging to Roy Davis, a resident of Norwalk, Connecticut who was active in the Prince Hall Grand Chapter of New England. In addition to these are five programs for miscellaneous African American society events in the Northeast. Most of the programs were for events taking place in Connecticut between the late 1960s and early 1980s. There are also programs for the Order of the Eastern Star and the \"National Council of Negro Women\" that are for women who want to join the masons.","Under the external documents, a spreadsheet is available with an inventory of the masonic programs.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Prince Hall Conference of Grand Masters, Inc.","Davis, Roy","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16493","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Roy Davis collection of African American masonic programs"],"collection_title_tesim":["Roy Davis collection of African American masonic programs"],"collection_ssim":["Roy Davis collection of African American masonic programs"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Prince Hall Conference of Grand Masters, Inc.","Davis, Roy"],"creator_ssim":["Prince Hall Conference of Grand Masters, Inc.","Davis, Roy"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Davis, Roy"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Prince Hall Conference of Grand Masters, Inc."],"creators_ssim":["Davis, Roy","Prince Hall Conference of Grand Masters, Inc."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American fraternal organizations","African American freemasons -- Connecticut"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American fraternal organizations","African American freemasons -- Connecticut"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair"],"extent_ssm":[".5 Cubic Feet 1 legal document box"],"extent_tesim":[".5 Cubic Feet 1 legal document box"],"physfacet_tesim":["programs"],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOn March 6, 1775, Prince Hall and 14 freed men of color (Cyrus Forbes; Bristol Stenzer; Thomas Sanderson; Prince Taylor; Cato Gardner; Boston Smith; Peter Best; Fortune Howard; Prince Reed; John Carter; Peter Freeman; Benjamin Tyler; Cuff Bufform; and Richard Tilledge) were denied membership into the White Freemasons of Massachusetts (located in Boston) and they petitioned to the Grand Lodge of England for their own charter, which they received on September 29, 1784. It marked the first time that African American men were made freemasons in America. This occurred during a time when African Americans needed a means by which to advance the cause of equality. Boston was a major port for selling enslaved persons in the North. The Colonies enacted Black Codes, curtailing the movements of Black people, both free and enslaved.Prince Hall looked to the Fraternal Order of Free and Accepted Masons because the chief purpose of Freemasonry is benevolence and charity to all mankind. In 1791, Worshipful Master Prince Hall was appointed a Provincial Grand Master of the first Black Provincial Grand Lodge.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn December 1808, one year after the death of Prince Hall, African Lodge #459 (Boston), African Lodge #459 (Philadelphia) and Hiram Lodge #3 (Providence) merged into African Grand Lodge #1. In 1847, out of respect for their founding father and first Grand Master, Prince Hall, they changed their name to the Prince Hall Grand Lodge, the name it carries today. In 1848 Union Lodge #2, Rising Sons of St. John #3 and Celestial Lodge #4 became the first lodges organized under the name Prince Hall Grand Lodge.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePrince Hall Freemasons have split into two organizations. The original Prince Hall Freemasons follow a National Grand Lodge order and the majority of Prince Hall Freemasons left in 1863 to become the Prince Hall Affiliates who follow a state jurisdiction. There is also controversy about the segregation of Freemasonry. Some Prince Hall Freemasons believe segregation offers unity and advancement for African American Freemasons while others want one integrated freemasonry.Today, the Prince Hall Masonic Order (Affiliates) spans across all 50 states in the U.S. as well as Lodges in Canada, the West Indies, the Bahamas, Europe, and Asia. There are over 250,000 Prince Hall Masons worldwide, working in more than 5,000 Lodges that can trace their roots to Prince Hall Lodge #459.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReferences\nWesley, Charles Harris, Dr., \"Historic Record,\" Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge Free and Accepted Masons of Texas and Jurisdiction website,First Edition Prince Hall Masonic Directory, March 20, 1981\nhttps://www.mwphglotx.org/about-freemasonry/who-was-prince-hall/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMiller, Yawu, \"Black Masons owe lineage to 18th century Boston pioneer Prince Hall\" The Bay State Banner, Boston, Massachusetts, February 8th, 2017\nhttps://www.baystatebanner.com/2017/02/08/black-masons-owe-lineage-to-18th-century-boston-pioneer-prince-hall/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSwanson, Abigail, \"Prince Hall Masons(1784-)\" Blackpast website,Seattle, Washington, January 2, 2012 \nhttps://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/prince-hall-masons-1784/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBiagetti, Samuel, \"The Masons Are Still Segregated?\"KB Killing The Buddha, October 2, 2009\nhttps://killingthebuddha.com/ktblog/the-masons-are-still-segregated/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHodapp, Christopher, \"The Great Debate Within African American Freemasonry\" Freemasons For Dummies, June 15, 2009.\nhttps://freemasonsfordummies.blogspot.com/2009/06/great-debate-within-african-american.html\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["On March 6, 1775, Prince Hall and 14 freed men of color (Cyrus Forbes; Bristol Stenzer; Thomas Sanderson; Prince Taylor; Cato Gardner; Boston Smith; Peter Best; Fortune Howard; Prince Reed; John Carter; Peter Freeman; Benjamin Tyler; Cuff Bufform; and Richard Tilledge) were denied membership into the White Freemasons of Massachusetts (located in Boston) and they petitioned to the Grand Lodge of England for their own charter, which they received on September 29, 1784. It marked the first time that African American men were made freemasons in America. This occurred during a time when African Americans needed a means by which to advance the cause of equality. Boston was a major port for selling enslaved persons in the North. The Colonies enacted Black Codes, curtailing the movements of Black people, both free and enslaved.Prince Hall looked to the Fraternal Order of Free and Accepted Masons because the chief purpose of Freemasonry is benevolence and charity to all mankind. In 1791, Worshipful Master Prince Hall was appointed a Provincial Grand Master of the first Black Provincial Grand Lodge.","In December 1808, one year after the death of Prince Hall, African Lodge #459 (Boston), African Lodge #459 (Philadelphia) and Hiram Lodge #3 (Providence) merged into African Grand Lodge #1. In 1847, out of respect for their founding father and first Grand Master, Prince Hall, they changed their name to the Prince Hall Grand Lodge, the name it carries today. In 1848 Union Lodge #2, Rising Sons of St. John #3 and Celestial Lodge #4 became the first lodges organized under the name Prince Hall Grand Lodge.","Prince Hall Freemasons have split into two organizations. The original Prince Hall Freemasons follow a National Grand Lodge order and the majority of Prince Hall Freemasons left in 1863 to become the Prince Hall Affiliates who follow a state jurisdiction. There is also controversy about the segregation of Freemasonry. Some Prince Hall Freemasons believe segregation offers unity and advancement for African American Freemasons while others want one integrated freemasonry.Today, the Prince Hall Masonic Order (Affiliates) spans across all 50 states in the U.S. as well as Lodges in Canada, the West Indies, the Bahamas, Europe, and Asia. There are over 250,000 Prince Hall Masons worldwide, working in more than 5,000 Lodges that can trace their roots to Prince Hall Lodge #459.","References\nWesley, Charles Harris, Dr., \"Historic Record,\" Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge Free and Accepted Masons of Texas and Jurisdiction website,First Edition Prince Hall Masonic Directory, March 20, 1981\nhttps://www.mwphglotx.org/about-freemasonry/who-was-prince-hall/","Miller, Yawu, \"Black Masons owe lineage to 18th century Boston pioneer Prince Hall\" The Bay State Banner, Boston, Massachusetts, February 8th, 2017\nhttps://www.baystatebanner.com/2017/02/08/black-masons-owe-lineage-to-18th-century-boston-pioneer-prince-hall/","Swanson, Abigail, \"Prince Hall Masons(1784-)\" Blackpast website,Seattle, Washington, January 2, 2012 \nhttps://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/prince-hall-masons-1784/","Biagetti, Samuel, \"The Masons Are Still Segregated?\"KB Killing The Buddha, October 2, 2009\nhttps://killingthebuddha.com/ktblog/the-masons-are-still-segregated/","Hodapp, Christopher, \"The Great Debate Within African American Freemasonry\" Freemasons For Dummies, June 15, 2009.\nhttps://freemasonsfordummies.blogspot.com/2009/06/great-debate-within-african-american.html"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains thirty-two programs of Masonic related events. Twenty-seven are souvenir programs from African American Masonic meetings and events belonging to Roy Davis, a resident of Norwalk, Connecticut who was active in the Prince Hall Grand Chapter of New England. In addition to these are five programs for miscellaneous African American society events in the Northeast. Most of the programs were for events taking place in Connecticut between the late 1960s and early 1980s. There are also programs for the Order of the Eastern Star and the \"National Council of Negro Women\" that are for women who want to join the masons.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnder the external documents, a spreadsheet is available with an inventory of the masonic programs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains thirty-two programs of Masonic related events. Twenty-seven are souvenir programs from African American Masonic meetings and events belonging to Roy Davis, a resident of Norwalk, Connecticut who was active in the Prince Hall Grand Chapter of New England. In addition to these are five programs for miscellaneous African American society events in the Northeast. Most of the programs were for events taking place in Connecticut between the late 1960s and early 1980s. There are also programs for the Order of the Eastern Star and the \"National Council of Negro Women\" that are for women who want to join the masons.","Under the external documents, a spreadsheet is available with an inventory of the masonic programs."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Prince Hall Conference of Grand Masters, Inc.","Davis, Roy"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Prince Hall Conference of Grand Masters, Inc."],"names_coll_ssim":["Davis, Roy"],"persname_ssim":["Davis, Roy"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:26:20.177Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1001"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1002","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Vera Lee and Berry Clanton papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1002#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1002#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eA collection of 31 souvenir programs, plus approximately 50 ephemeral items, 12 periodical issues, six books, and three folders of Masonic Lodge records and documents. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1002#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1002","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1002","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1002","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1002","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1002.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/146089","title_filing_ssi":"Vera Lee and Berry Clanton papers","title_ssm":["Vera Lee and Berry Clanton papers"],"title_tesim":["Vera Lee and Berry Clanton papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["c.1951-1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c.1951-1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16494","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1002"],"text":["MSS 16494","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1002","Vera Lee and Berry Clanton papers","African American business enterprises","African American fraternal organizations","fair","This collection is minimally processed and open for research.","Vera Lee Clanton (1916-2013) was born in Hallestville, TX, and moved to San Francisco in 1941 where she was very active in her community, including her church, the Third Baptist Church, the The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and the National Council of Negro Women. She was an enterprising woman, master tailor, and an entreprenuer. Vera forged her mark in direct multi-level marketing sales businesses. ","Source\nClanton, Vera Lee Obituary, SFGate (San Francisco Chronicle)June 7-9, 2013.\nhttps://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/sfgate/name/vera-clanton-obituary?pid=165199302","A collection of 31 souvenir programs, plus approximately 50 ephemeral items, 12 periodical issues, six books, and three folders of Masonic Lodge records and documents. ","The majority of the items date from the 1960s and 1970s. The Clantons were prominent members of the San Francisco African American community, active in their local church (Third Baptist) as well as in the National Baptist Convention, their local African American masonic lodges (at the local, district, and state level), the NAACP, the National Council of Negro Women, National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women's Clubs. These programs, ephemera and documents represent their participation in all of these groups at the local, state and national levels. The programs document a wide-ranging variety of events including fashion shows, music and dance shows, church events, memorials, commemorative banquets, political events, and more. There are also four Masonic event programs in the collection, together with Masonic ephemera, periodicals, and records. A small group of booklets and ephemera relate to Third Baptist Church in San Francisco. Finally, the collection includes a collection of African American Baptist ephemera, including roughly 30 mailed fundraising items published by the Foreign Mission Board of the National Baptist Convention, soliciting donations to help support impoverished people in Africa and the Caribbean. 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