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Nutt, whose father was an ardent Virginia secessionist, articulates an unfavorable reaction to the recently published work and also addresses her disdain for the abolitionist efforts of English noblewomen. The letter measures 7.75\" X 6.25\" and is four pages in length. Some parts of the fourth page are written upside down in between lines. 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While there are small separations along old folds, there are no losses to the text."],"names_coll_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:51:44.846Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1206"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1637","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1637#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"James Arsenault and Co.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1637#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a single letter from Colonel Archibald McClean to Pennsylvania Congressman Honorable Francis James, dated February 16, 1842. McClean, a well-connected Virginia lawyer, expresses his support for the anti-slavery efforts of John Quincy Adams. McClean notes his interest in \"the debate which has been going on for some time in your House [of Representatives] upon the resolution for censuring Mr. [John Quincy] Adams for presenting a petition which was unpalatable to at least a portion of the members.\" The Gag Rule of 1840 silenced Adams's opposition to slavery. McClean praised Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule. McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. McClean also requests a copy of John Quincy Adams speech on Amistad.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1637#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1637","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1637","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1637","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1637","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1637.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196320","title_filing_ssi":"McClean, Archibald letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia","title_ssm":["Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia"],"title_tesim":["Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia"],"unitdate_ssm":["16 February 1842"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["16 February 1842"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16829","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1637"],"text":["MSS 16829","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1637","Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia","Enslavers","Adams, John, Quincy","enslaved persons","Abolitionists","The collection is open for research use.","Archibald McClean (1766-1845), a well connected Virginia lawyer (who was born in Freehold Township, New Jersey and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1792) supports both John Quincy Adams and anti-slavery measures in Virginia in a letter to Francis James (1799-1886). James is a Pennsylvania congressman, lawyer, Anti-Masonic, Whig member. McClean praised John Quincy Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule.In the House, Adams became a champion of free speech, demanding that petitions against slavery be heard despite a \"gag rule\" that said they could not be heard. In 1836 Southern Congressmen voted in a rule, called the \"gag rule,\" that called for the immediate tabling of any petitions about slavery. Congress had been flooded with petitions signed by citizens protesting slavery; most originated from the Anti-Slavery Society based in New York. The Gag rule (of 1840) prevented discussion of slavery from 1836 to 1844, but Adams frequently managed to evade it by parliamentary skill. Adams supported anti-slavery issues during his seventeen-year congressional career, which began after his presidency.Using unconventional tactics, Adams evaded and ignored the gag rule until his persistence irritated his colleagues to the point that he was threatened with censure. Although the House never voted to censure Adams, the discussion ignited by his actions and the attempts of others to quiet him raised questions of the right to petition, the right to legislative debate, and the morality of slavery. During the censure debate, Adams said that he took delight in the fact that southerners would forever remember him as \"the acutest, the astutest, the archest enemy of southern slavery that ever existed\".","McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. He also requests a copy of Adams speech on the Amistad case.","This item was treated for paper mending in October 2024.","This collection contains a single letter from Colonel Archibald McClean to Pennsylvania Congressman Honorable Francis James, dated February 16, 1842. McClean, a well-connected Virginia lawyer, expresses his support for the anti-slavery efforts of John Quincy Adams. McClean notes his interest in \"the debate which has been going on for some time in your House [of Representatives] upon the resolution for censuring Mr. [John Quincy] Adams for presenting a petition which was unpalatable to at least a portion of the members.\"  The Gag Rule of 1840 silenced Adams's opposition to slavery. McClean praised Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule. McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. McClean also requests a copy of John Quincy Adams speech on Amistad.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16829","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1637"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia"],"collection_title_tesim":["Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Enslavers"],"geogname_ssim":["Enslavers"],"creator_ssm":["James Arsenault and Co.","McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845"],"creator_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co.","McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845"],"creator_persname_ssim":["McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creators_ssim":["McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845","James Arsenault and Co."],"places_ssim":["Enslavers"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from James E. 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James is a Pennsylvania congressman, lawyer, Anti-Masonic, Whig member. McClean praised John Quincy Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule.In the House, Adams became a champion of free speech, demanding that petitions against slavery be heard despite a \"gag rule\" that said they could not be heard. In 1836 Southern Congressmen voted in a rule, called the \"gag rule,\" that called for the immediate tabling of any petitions about slavery. Congress had been flooded with petitions signed by citizens protesting slavery; most originated from the Anti-Slavery Society based in New York. The Gag rule (of 1840) prevented discussion of slavery from 1836 to 1844, but Adams frequently managed to evade it by parliamentary skill. Adams supported anti-slavery issues during his seventeen-year congressional career, which began after his presidency.Using unconventional tactics, Adams evaded and ignored the gag rule until his persistence irritated his colleagues to the point that he was threatened with censure. Although the House never voted to censure Adams, the discussion ignited by his actions and the attempts of others to quiet him raised questions of the right to petition, the right to legislative debate, and the morality of slavery. During the censure debate, Adams said that he took delight in the fact that southerners would forever remember him as \"the acutest, the astutest, the archest enemy of southern slavery that ever existed\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMcClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. He also requests a copy of Adams speech on the Amistad case.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Archibald McClean (1766-1845), a well connected Virginia lawyer (who was born in Freehold Township, New Jersey and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1792) supports both John Quincy Adams and anti-slavery measures in Virginia in a letter to Francis James (1799-1886). James is a Pennsylvania congressman, lawyer, Anti-Masonic, Whig member. McClean praised John Quincy Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule.In the House, Adams became a champion of free speech, demanding that petitions against slavery be heard despite a \"gag rule\" that said they could not be heard. In 1836 Southern Congressmen voted in a rule, called the \"gag rule,\" that called for the immediate tabling of any petitions about slavery. Congress had been flooded with petitions signed by citizens protesting slavery; most originated from the Anti-Slavery Society based in New York. The Gag rule (of 1840) prevented discussion of slavery from 1836 to 1844, but Adams frequently managed to evade it by parliamentary skill. Adams supported anti-slavery issues during his seventeen-year congressional career, which began after his presidency.Using unconventional tactics, Adams evaded and ignored the gag rule until his persistence irritated his colleagues to the point that he was threatened with censure. Although the House never voted to censure Adams, the discussion ignited by his actions and the attempts of others to quiet him raised questions of the right to petition, the right to legislative debate, and the morality of slavery. During the censure debate, Adams said that he took delight in the fact that southerners would forever remember him as \"the acutest, the astutest, the archest enemy of southern slavery that ever existed\".","McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. He also requests a copy of Adams speech on the Amistad case."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis item was treated for paper mending in October 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Conservation Treatment"],"odd_tesim":["This item was treated for paper mending in October 2024."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16829, Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16829, Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a single letter from Colonel Archibald McClean to Pennsylvania Congressman Honorable Francis James, dated February 16, 1842. McClean, a well-connected Virginia lawyer, expresses his support for the anti-slavery efforts of John Quincy Adams. McClean notes his interest in \"the debate which has been going on for some time in your House [of Representatives] upon the resolution for censuring Mr. [John Quincy] Adams for presenting a petition which was unpalatable to at least a portion of the members.\"  The Gag Rule of 1840 silenced Adams's opposition to slavery. McClean praised Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule. McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. McClean also requests a copy of John Quincy Adams speech on Amistad.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a single letter from Colonel Archibald McClean to Pennsylvania Congressman Honorable Francis James, dated February 16, 1842. McClean, a well-connected Virginia lawyer, expresses his support for the anti-slavery efforts of John Quincy Adams. McClean notes his interest in \"the debate which has been going on for some time in your House [of Representatives] upon the resolution for censuring Mr. [John Quincy] Adams for presenting a petition which was unpalatable to at least a portion of the members.\"  The Gag Rule of 1840 silenced Adams's opposition to slavery. McClean praised Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule. McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. McClean also requests a copy of John Quincy Adams speech on Amistad."],"names_coll_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co."],"persname_ssim":["McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:51:05.883Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1637","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1637","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1637","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1637","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1637.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196320","title_filing_ssi":"McClean, Archibald letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia","title_ssm":["Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia"],"title_tesim":["Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia"],"unitdate_ssm":["16 February 1842"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["16 February 1842"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16829","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1637"],"text":["MSS 16829","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1637","Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia","Enslavers","Adams, John, Quincy","enslaved persons","Abolitionists","The collection is open for research use.","Archibald McClean (1766-1845), a well connected Virginia lawyer (who was born in Freehold Township, New Jersey and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1792) supports both John Quincy Adams and anti-slavery measures in Virginia in a letter to Francis James (1799-1886). James is a Pennsylvania congressman, lawyer, Anti-Masonic, Whig member. McClean praised John Quincy Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule.In the House, Adams became a champion of free speech, demanding that petitions against slavery be heard despite a \"gag rule\" that said they could not be heard. In 1836 Southern Congressmen voted in a rule, called the \"gag rule,\" that called for the immediate tabling of any petitions about slavery. Congress had been flooded with petitions signed by citizens protesting slavery; most originated from the Anti-Slavery Society based in New York. The Gag rule (of 1840) prevented discussion of slavery from 1836 to 1844, but Adams frequently managed to evade it by parliamentary skill. Adams supported anti-slavery issues during his seventeen-year congressional career, which began after his presidency.Using unconventional tactics, Adams evaded and ignored the gag rule until his persistence irritated his colleagues to the point that he was threatened with censure. Although the House never voted to censure Adams, the discussion ignited by his actions and the attempts of others to quiet him raised questions of the right to petition, the right to legislative debate, and the morality of slavery. During the censure debate, Adams said that he took delight in the fact that southerners would forever remember him as \"the acutest, the astutest, the archest enemy of southern slavery that ever existed\".","McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. He also requests a copy of Adams speech on the Amistad case.","This item was treated for paper mending in October 2024.","This collection contains a single letter from Colonel Archibald McClean to Pennsylvania Congressman Honorable Francis James, dated February 16, 1842. McClean, a well-connected Virginia lawyer, expresses his support for the anti-slavery efforts of John Quincy Adams. McClean notes his interest in \"the debate which has been going on for some time in your House [of Representatives] upon the resolution for censuring Mr. [John Quincy] Adams for presenting a petition which was unpalatable to at least a portion of the members.\"  The Gag Rule of 1840 silenced Adams's opposition to slavery. McClean praised Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule. McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. McClean also requests a copy of John Quincy Adams speech on Amistad.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16829","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1637"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia"],"collection_title_tesim":["Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Enslavers"],"geogname_ssim":["Enslavers"],"creator_ssm":["James Arsenault and Co.","McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845"],"creator_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co.","McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845"],"creator_persname_ssim":["McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creators_ssim":["McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845","James Arsenault and Co."],"places_ssim":["Enslavers"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from James E. 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James is a Pennsylvania congressman, lawyer, Anti-Masonic, Whig member. McClean praised John Quincy Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule.In the House, Adams became a champion of free speech, demanding that petitions against slavery be heard despite a \"gag rule\" that said they could not be heard. In 1836 Southern Congressmen voted in a rule, called the \"gag rule,\" that called for the immediate tabling of any petitions about slavery. Congress had been flooded with petitions signed by citizens protesting slavery; most originated from the Anti-Slavery Society based in New York. The Gag rule (of 1840) prevented discussion of slavery from 1836 to 1844, but Adams frequently managed to evade it by parliamentary skill. Adams supported anti-slavery issues during his seventeen-year congressional career, which began after his presidency.Using unconventional tactics, Adams evaded and ignored the gag rule until his persistence irritated his colleagues to the point that he was threatened with censure. Although the House never voted to censure Adams, the discussion ignited by his actions and the attempts of others to quiet him raised questions of the right to petition, the right to legislative debate, and the morality of slavery. During the censure debate, Adams said that he took delight in the fact that southerners would forever remember him as \"the acutest, the astutest, the archest enemy of southern slavery that ever existed\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMcClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. He also requests a copy of Adams speech on the Amistad case.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Archibald McClean (1766-1845), a well connected Virginia lawyer (who was born in Freehold Township, New Jersey and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1792) supports both John Quincy Adams and anti-slavery measures in Virginia in a letter to Francis James (1799-1886). James is a Pennsylvania congressman, lawyer, Anti-Masonic, Whig member. McClean praised John Quincy Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule.In the House, Adams became a champion of free speech, demanding that petitions against slavery be heard despite a \"gag rule\" that said they could not be heard. In 1836 Southern Congressmen voted in a rule, called the \"gag rule,\" that called for the immediate tabling of any petitions about slavery. Congress had been flooded with petitions signed by citizens protesting slavery; most originated from the Anti-Slavery Society based in New York. The Gag rule (of 1840) prevented discussion of slavery from 1836 to 1844, but Adams frequently managed to evade it by parliamentary skill. Adams supported anti-slavery issues during his seventeen-year congressional career, which began after his presidency.Using unconventional tactics, Adams evaded and ignored the gag rule until his persistence irritated his colleagues to the point that he was threatened with censure. Although the House never voted to censure Adams, the discussion ignited by his actions and the attempts of others to quiet him raised questions of the right to petition, the right to legislative debate, and the morality of slavery. During the censure debate, Adams said that he took delight in the fact that southerners would forever remember him as \"the acutest, the astutest, the archest enemy of southern slavery that ever existed\".","McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. He also requests a copy of Adams speech on the Amistad case."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis item was treated for paper mending in October 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Conservation Treatment"],"odd_tesim":["This item was treated for paper mending in October 2024."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16829, Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16829, Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a single letter from Colonel Archibald McClean to Pennsylvania Congressman Honorable Francis James, dated February 16, 1842. 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McClean also requests a copy of John Quincy Adams speech on Amistad.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a single letter from Colonel Archibald McClean to Pennsylvania Congressman Honorable Francis James, dated February 16, 1842. McClean, a well-connected Virginia lawyer, expresses his support for the anti-slavery efforts of John Quincy Adams. McClean notes his interest in \"the debate which has been going on for some time in your House [of Representatives] upon the resolution for censuring Mr. [John Quincy] Adams for presenting a petition which was unpalatable to at least a portion of the members.\"  The Gag Rule of 1840 silenced Adams's opposition to slavery. McClean praised Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule. McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. McClean also requests a copy of John Quincy Adams speech on Amistad."],"names_coll_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co."],"persname_ssim":["McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:51:05.883Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1637"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3176","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Ayres Papers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_3176#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1833-1855, of members of the Ayres family including John W. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Correspondence, 1833-1855, of members of the Ayres family including John W. Ayres at Chillicothe and Cincinnati, Ohio; and Fort Madison and Agency City, Iowa (with his father John B. Ayres at Diana Mills, Buckingham County, Va.), Robert H. 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Letters concern the Methodist Church, abolitionists, politics, Thomsonian medicine; and passing the examination to be admitted to practice law in Iowa.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 39.2 Ay7","/repositories/2/resources/3176"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ayres Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ayres Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Ayres Papers"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Buckingham County (Va.)--History--19th century","Virginia--Politics and Government--19th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Buckingham County (Va.)--History--19th century","Virginia--Politics and Government--19th century"],"places_ssim":["Buckingham County (Va.)--History--19th century","Virginia--Politics and Government--19th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchase"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Abolitionists","Cincinnati (Ohio)--History--19th century","Iowa--History--19th century","Medicine, Botanic","Methodist Church--Virginia--History--19th century","Ohio--History--19th century","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Abolitionists","Cincinnati (Ohio)--History--19th century","Iowa--History--19th century","Medicine, Botanic","Methodist Church--Virginia--History--19th century","Ohio--History--19th century","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAyres Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Ayres Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1833-1855, of members of the Ayres family including John W. Ayres at Chillicothe and Cincinnati, Ohio; and Fort Madison and Agency City, Iowa (with his father John B. Ayres at Diana Mills, Buckingham County, Va.), Robert H. Ayres, Hillsboro, Ohio and Jackson, Tenn. (with John B. Ayres, Matthias L. Ayres and Suckie Ayres) and Nathan W. Ayres (with Matthias L. Ayres and William Ford \u0026amp; Co., Richmond, Va. 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Letters concern the Methodist Church, abolitionists, politics, Thomsonian medicine; and passing the examination to be admitted to practice law in Iowa."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:09:12.096Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3176","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3176","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3176","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3176","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_3176.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Ayres Papers","title_ssm":["Ayres Papers"],"title_tesim":["Ayres Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1833-1855"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1833-1855"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 39.2 Ay7","/repositories/2/resources/3176"],"text":["Mss. 39.2 Ay7","/repositories/2/resources/3176","Ayres Papers","Buckingham County (Va.)--History--19th century","Virginia--Politics and Government--19th century","Abolitionists","Cincinnati (Ohio)--History--19th century","Iowa--History--19th century","Medicine, Botanic","Methodist Church--Virginia--History--19th century","Ohio--History--19th century","Correspondence","Collection is open to all researchers. 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Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"names_coll_ssim":["Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society","Philbrick family","Garrison, William Lloyd","Fremont, John Charles, 1813 - 1890"],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society","Philbrick family","Philbrick, Richard","Garrison, William Lloyd","Fremont, John Charles, 1813 - 1890"],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society"],"famname_ssim":["Philbrick family"],"persname_ssim":["Philbrick, Richard","Garrison, William Lloyd","Fremont, John Charles, 1813 - 1890"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:51:39.909Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_167","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_167","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_167","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_167","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_167.xml","title_ssm":["Philbrick Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Philbrick Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["Inclusive 1841-1865","Bulk 1841-1843"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["Bulk 1841-1843"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Inclusive 1841-1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.0287","/repositories/5/resources/167"],"text":["WLU.Coll.0287","/repositories/5/resources/167","Philbrick Family Papers","Antislavery movements","Newspapers","Receipts (Acknowledgments)","Correspondence","Redwoods","Abolitionists","Blue sheet prepared by Betty Kondayan (8/16/06)","This collection consists of a manuscript letter to Joseph Philbrick (Jan. 9, 1843) from the Massachusettes Anti-Slavery Society promoting William Lloyd Garrison's newspaper \"The Liberator,\" an original copy of the July 8, 1842 edition of \"The Liberator,\" a fragment of the Dec. 1, 1865 edition of \"The Liberator\", a receipt for payment for a subscription to The Liberator, and an albumen photograph of John C. 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Cook, publishers of the Richmond Enquirer newspaper, and was a printed questionnaire that discussed the \"movements of certain Fanatics [abolitionists] in the North.\"  ","Founded in 1833, the American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS) launched a postal campaign in 1835 to send abolitionist newspapers and pamphlets to the South. The circular letter expresses worry that abolitionist ideas have flowed southward, causing \"uneasiness among the friends of the Constitution and the Union, in the South.\" The printed section asks each recipient of the letter six questions regarding the extent and actions of the AASS.  A handwritten letter from Ritchie to Joseph R. Williams of New Bedford, Massachusetts, is on the back of the circular.","Ritchie wrote that since they sent the circular letter on July 29, he discovered \"they are doing great mischief in the South\" and discontent was growing. Ritchie urges respectable citizens to influence the public against the campaign.  ","Williams was a Harvard College graduate who practiced law in New Bedford, Massachusetts. In the written portion of the letter, dated August 14, 1835, Ritchie expressed that \"we [The Richmond Enquirer] have heard of the events in Mississippi, we have learned the abuses of the Public Mail, \u0026 the [illegible] of firebrands...the citizens of Charleston have restricted the post office in self-defense. Public Meetings have been held in Richmond...\" "],"names_coll_ssim":["American Anti-Slavery Society","Cook, John L., 1783-1836"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","American Anti-Slavery Society","Ritchie, Thomas, 1778-1854","Cook, John L., 1783-1836"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","American Anti-Slavery Society"],"persname_ssim":["Ritchie, Thomas, 1778-1854","Cook, John L., 1783-1836"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:45:30.621Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1784"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1339","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Virgil Maxwell Ward letters","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1339#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Ward, Virgil Maxwell, 1827-1898","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1339#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains four letters from a formerly enslaved person, Virgil M. Ward to his former Philadelphia employer, Edward Morris Davis, referred to as \"Dear Friend \" in the letters. Ward was born in Virginia in 1827, and it is unknown how he escaped enslavement. He worked in Philadelphia for Davis at $15.00 per month from April 1st, 1855 to April 13th, 1857. He moved to Ypsilanti, then Canada, and finally to Michigan. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1339#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1339","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1339","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1339","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1339","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1339.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/151573","title_filing_ssi":"Ward, Virgil, Maxwell letters","title_ssm":["Virgil Maxwell Ward letters"],"title_tesim":["Virgil Maxwell Ward letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["October 25, 1860 - December 16, 1860."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["October 25, 1860 - December 16, 1860."],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16678","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1339"],"text":["MSS 16678","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1339","Virgil Maxwell Ward letters","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","enslaved persons","Abolitionists","Fair. Slight tearing on the crease of the October 25, 1860 letter.","The collection is open for research use.","Virgil Maxwell Ward was a former enslaved person who was born in 1827 in Virginia and escaped from enslavement to Philadelphia, Ypsilanti, Michigan, Canada, and died in [Ann Arbor] Michigan in 1898. His widow, Mary E. Ward (1839-1917), is listed on page 400 of the Ann Arbor section of R. L. Polk Company's Ann Arbor, Ypsilant, and Washtenaw County Directory. (Detroit, 1910) It is possible that they had a son named Virgil M. Ward who is listed as a student at Ann Arbor High School in 1902-1903 but his age would have been older than that of a high school student so this is speculative.","Employer of Virgil Maxwell Ward after he escaped enslavement in Virginia, is Edward Morris Davis (1811-1887) a wealthy Philadelphia merchant, silk importer, railroad director, and Quaker. Despite his convictions toward peace, he served on the staff of General John C. Fremont in Missouri during the American Civil War. He was also an abolitionist and friend of William Lloyd Garrison, an ardent supporter of women's rights, and a friend of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. His belief in the 15th Amendment was juxtaposed to the womens movement but he felt that Black men in the South needed the right to vote to protect themselves from vigilantes.  ","Davis also donated his property, Oak Farm, known as Camp William Penn for the training of the first Black army troop (United States Third Infantry, 1863-1865). After the war, he developed the farm, changing the name to LaMott, and created working opportunities for Black and Irish people with low incomes. He became the leader of the Phialdelphia based Citizen's Suffrage Association.","Sources:\nDealer information","\"La Mott\" Living Places.com. Living Places U. S. Neighborhoods. (Website for finding historic places)","https://www.livingplaces.com/PA/Montgomery_County/Cheltenham_Township/LaMott.html","This collection contains four letters from a formerly enslaved person, Virgil M. Ward to his former Philadelphia employer, Edward Morris Davis, referred to as \"Dear Friend \" in the letters.  Ward was born in Virginia in 1827, and it is unknown how he escaped enslavement. He worked in Philadelphia for Davis at $15.00 per month from April 1st, 1855 to April 13th, 1857. He moved to Ypsilanti, then Canada, and finally to Michigan. ","The letters are from the year 1860. The first letter is dated October 25th, in which Ward states that enslavement is a sin and he thanks God that a change is happening where enslavement will be ended for all men in the United States, with the assistance of men like William H. Seward, Charles Sumner, Lloyd Garrison and others. He reveals his hope for the future and notices that there are some white people that can be great friends. He describes the loss of personal control for enslaved people, particularly families. He writes that he doesn't want the Union to dissolve but considers that it is necessary if it can abolish enslavement. He also mentions the Pennsylvania gubernatorial election in October where the Republican Party defeated the Democratic candidate. In his other letters, dated between November and December, Ward asks for a return of money owed him by Davis, which Ward claims is an accounting mistake made by Davis. The letters are friendly but Ward is firm that he is owed the money and he finally receives it after writing successive letters to Davis.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Ward, Virgil Maxwell, 1827-1898","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16678","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1339"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virgil Maxwell Ward letters"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virgil Maxwell Ward letters"],"collection_ssim":["Virgil Maxwell Ward letters"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"creator_ssm":["Ward, Virgil Maxwell, 1827-1898"],"creator_ssim":["Ward, Virgil Maxwell, 1827-1898"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ward, Virgil Maxwell, 1827-1898"],"creators_ssim":["Ward, Virgil Maxwell, 1827-1898"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on February 4, 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["enslaved persons","Abolitionists"],"access_subjects_ssm":["enslaved persons","Abolitionists"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair. Slight tearing on the crease of the October 25, 1860 letter."],"extent_ssm":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 legal size folder"],"extent_tesim":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 legal size folder"],"date_range_isim":[1860],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirgil Maxwell Ward was a former enslaved person who was born in 1827 in Virginia and escaped from enslavement to Philadelphia, Ypsilanti, Michigan, Canada, and died in [Ann Arbor] Michigan in 1898. His widow, Mary E. Ward (1839-1917), is listed on page 400 of the Ann Arbor section of R. L. Polk Company's Ann Arbor, Ypsilant, and Washtenaw County Directory. (Detroit, 1910) It is possible that they had a son named Virgil M. Ward who is listed as a student at Ann Arbor High School in 1902-1903 but his age would have been older than that of a high school student so this is speculative.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEmployer of Virgil Maxwell Ward after he escaped enslavement in Virginia, is Edward Morris Davis (1811-1887) a wealthy Philadelphia merchant, silk importer, railroad director, and Quaker. Despite his convictions toward peace, he served on the staff of General John C. Fremont in Missouri during the American Civil War. He was also an abolitionist and friend of William Lloyd Garrison, an ardent supporter of women's rights, and a friend of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. His belief in the 15th Amendment was juxtaposed to the womens movement but he felt that Black men in the South needed the right to vote to protect themselves from vigilantes.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDavis also donated his property, Oak Farm, known as Camp William Penn for the training of the first Black army troop (United States Third Infantry, 1863-1865). After the war, he developed the farm, changing the name to LaMott, and created working opportunities for Black and Irish people with low incomes. He became the leader of the Phialdelphia based Citizen's Suffrage Association.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\nDealer information\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"La Mott\" Living Places.com. Living Places U. S. Neighborhoods. (Website for finding historic places)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://www.livingplaces.com/PA/Montgomery_County/Cheltenham_Township/LaMott.html\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Virgil Maxwell Ward was a former enslaved person who was born in 1827 in Virginia and escaped from enslavement to Philadelphia, Ypsilanti, Michigan, Canada, and died in [Ann Arbor] Michigan in 1898. His widow, Mary E. Ward (1839-1917), is listed on page 400 of the Ann Arbor section of R. L. Polk Company's Ann Arbor, Ypsilant, and Washtenaw County Directory. (Detroit, 1910) It is possible that they had a son named Virgil M. Ward who is listed as a student at Ann Arbor High School in 1902-1903 but his age would have been older than that of a high school student so this is speculative.","Employer of Virgil Maxwell Ward after he escaped enslavement in Virginia, is Edward Morris Davis (1811-1887) a wealthy Philadelphia merchant, silk importer, railroad director, and Quaker. Despite his convictions toward peace, he served on the staff of General John C. Fremont in Missouri during the American Civil War. He was also an abolitionist and friend of William Lloyd Garrison, an ardent supporter of women's rights, and a friend of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. His belief in the 15th Amendment was juxtaposed to the womens movement but he felt that Black men in the South needed the right to vote to protect themselves from vigilantes.  ","Davis also donated his property, Oak Farm, known as Camp William Penn for the training of the first Black army troop (United States Third Infantry, 1863-1865). After the war, he developed the farm, changing the name to LaMott, and created working opportunities for Black and Irish people with low incomes. He became the leader of the Phialdelphia based Citizen's Suffrage Association.","Sources:\nDealer information","\"La Mott\" Living Places.com. Living Places U. S. Neighborhoods. (Website for finding historic places)","https://www.livingplaces.com/PA/Montgomery_County/Cheltenham_Township/LaMott.html"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16689, Virgil M. Ward letters, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16689, Virgil M. Ward letters, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains four letters from a formerly enslaved person, Virgil M. Ward to his former Philadelphia employer, Edward Morris Davis, referred to as \"Dear Friend \" in the letters.  Ward was born in Virginia in 1827, and it is unknown how he escaped enslavement. He worked in Philadelphia for Davis at $15.00 per month from April 1st, 1855 to April 13th, 1857. He moved to Ypsilanti, then Canada, and finally to Michigan. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe letters are from the year 1860. The first letter is dated October 25th, in which Ward states that enslavement is a sin and he thanks God that a change is happening where enslavement will be ended for all men in the United States, with the assistance of men like William H. Seward, Charles Sumner, Lloyd Garrison and others. He reveals his hope for the future and notices that there are some white people that can be great friends. He describes the loss of personal control for enslaved people, particularly families. He writes that he doesn't want the Union to dissolve but considers that it is necessary if it can abolish enslavement. He also mentions the Pennsylvania gubernatorial election in October where the Republican Party defeated the Democratic candidate. In his other letters, dated between November and December, Ward asks for a return of money owed him by Davis, which Ward claims is an accounting mistake made by Davis. The letters are friendly but Ward is firm that he is owed the money and he finally receives it after writing successive letters to Davis.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains four letters from a formerly enslaved person, Virgil M. Ward to his former Philadelphia employer, Edward Morris Davis, referred to as \"Dear Friend \" in the letters.  Ward was born in Virginia in 1827, and it is unknown how he escaped enslavement. He worked in Philadelphia for Davis at $15.00 per month from April 1st, 1855 to April 13th, 1857. He moved to Ypsilanti, then Canada, and finally to Michigan. ","The letters are from the year 1860. The first letter is dated October 25th, in which Ward states that enslavement is a sin and he thanks God that a change is happening where enslavement will be ended for all men in the United States, with the assistance of men like William H. Seward, Charles Sumner, Lloyd Garrison and others. He reveals his hope for the future and notices that there are some white people that can be great friends. He describes the loss of personal control for enslaved people, particularly families. He writes that he doesn't want the Union to dissolve but considers that it is necessary if it can abolish enslavement. He also mentions the Pennsylvania gubernatorial election in October where the Republican Party defeated the Democratic candidate. In his other letters, dated between November and December, Ward asks for a return of money owed him by Davis, which Ward claims is an accounting mistake made by Davis. The letters are friendly but Ward is firm that he is owed the money and he finally receives it after writing successive letters to Davis."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Ward, Virgil Maxwell, 1827-1898"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Ward, Virgil Maxwell, 1827-1898"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:42:25.725Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1339","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1339","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1339","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1339","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1339.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/151573","title_filing_ssi":"Ward, Virgil, Maxwell letters","title_ssm":["Virgil Maxwell Ward letters"],"title_tesim":["Virgil Maxwell Ward letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["October 25, 1860 - December 16, 1860."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["October 25, 1860 - December 16, 1860."],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16678","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1339"],"text":["MSS 16678","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1339","Virgil Maxwell Ward letters","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","enslaved persons","Abolitionists","Fair. Slight tearing on the crease of the October 25, 1860 letter.","The collection is open for research use.","Virgil Maxwell Ward was a former enslaved person who was born in 1827 in Virginia and escaped from enslavement to Philadelphia, Ypsilanti, Michigan, Canada, and died in [Ann Arbor] Michigan in 1898. His widow, Mary E. Ward (1839-1917), is listed on page 400 of the Ann Arbor section of R. L. Polk Company's Ann Arbor, Ypsilant, and Washtenaw County Directory. (Detroit, 1910) It is possible that they had a son named Virgil M. Ward who is listed as a student at Ann Arbor High School in 1902-1903 but his age would have been older than that of a high school student so this is speculative.","Employer of Virgil Maxwell Ward after he escaped enslavement in Virginia, is Edward Morris Davis (1811-1887) a wealthy Philadelphia merchant, silk importer, railroad director, and Quaker. Despite his convictions toward peace, he served on the staff of General John C. Fremont in Missouri during the American Civil War. He was also an abolitionist and friend of William Lloyd Garrison, an ardent supporter of women's rights, and a friend of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. His belief in the 15th Amendment was juxtaposed to the womens movement but he felt that Black men in the South needed the right to vote to protect themselves from vigilantes.  ","Davis also donated his property, Oak Farm, known as Camp William Penn for the training of the first Black army troop (United States Third Infantry, 1863-1865). After the war, he developed the farm, changing the name to LaMott, and created working opportunities for Black and Irish people with low incomes. He became the leader of the Phialdelphia based Citizen's Suffrage Association.","Sources:\nDealer information","\"La Mott\" Living Places.com. Living Places U. S. Neighborhoods. (Website for finding historic places)","https://www.livingplaces.com/PA/Montgomery_County/Cheltenham_Township/LaMott.html","This collection contains four letters from a formerly enslaved person, Virgil M. Ward to his former Philadelphia employer, Edward Morris Davis, referred to as \"Dear Friend \" in the letters.  Ward was born in Virginia in 1827, and it is unknown how he escaped enslavement. He worked in Philadelphia for Davis at $15.00 per month from April 1st, 1855 to April 13th, 1857. He moved to Ypsilanti, then Canada, and finally to Michigan. ","The letters are from the year 1860. The first letter is dated October 25th, in which Ward states that enslavement is a sin and he thanks God that a change is happening where enslavement will be ended for all men in the United States, with the assistance of men like William H. Seward, Charles Sumner, Lloyd Garrison and others. He reveals his hope for the future and notices that there are some white people that can be great friends. He describes the loss of personal control for enslaved people, particularly families. He writes that he doesn't want the Union to dissolve but considers that it is necessary if it can abolish enslavement. He also mentions the Pennsylvania gubernatorial election in October where the Republican Party defeated the Democratic candidate. In his other letters, dated between November and December, Ward asks for a return of money owed him by Davis, which Ward claims is an accounting mistake made by Davis. The letters are friendly but Ward is firm that he is owed the money and he finally receives it after writing successive letters to Davis.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Ward, Virgil Maxwell, 1827-1898","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16678","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1339"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virgil Maxwell Ward letters"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virgil Maxwell Ward letters"],"collection_ssim":["Virgil Maxwell Ward letters"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"creator_ssm":["Ward, Virgil Maxwell, 1827-1898"],"creator_ssim":["Ward, Virgil Maxwell, 1827-1898"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ward, Virgil Maxwell, 1827-1898"],"creators_ssim":["Ward, Virgil Maxwell, 1827-1898"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on February 4, 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["enslaved persons","Abolitionists"],"access_subjects_ssm":["enslaved persons","Abolitionists"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair. Slight tearing on the crease of the October 25, 1860 letter."],"extent_ssm":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 legal size folder"],"extent_tesim":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 legal size folder"],"date_range_isim":[1860],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirgil Maxwell Ward was a former enslaved person who was born in 1827 in Virginia and escaped from enslavement to Philadelphia, Ypsilanti, Michigan, Canada, and died in [Ann Arbor] Michigan in 1898. His widow, Mary E. Ward (1839-1917), is listed on page 400 of the Ann Arbor section of R. L. Polk Company's Ann Arbor, Ypsilant, and Washtenaw County Directory. (Detroit, 1910) It is possible that they had a son named Virgil M. Ward who is listed as a student at Ann Arbor High School in 1902-1903 but his age would have been older than that of a high school student so this is speculative.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEmployer of Virgil Maxwell Ward after he escaped enslavement in Virginia, is Edward Morris Davis (1811-1887) a wealthy Philadelphia merchant, silk importer, railroad director, and Quaker. Despite his convictions toward peace, he served on the staff of General John C. Fremont in Missouri during the American Civil War. He was also an abolitionist and friend of William Lloyd Garrison, an ardent supporter of women's rights, and a friend of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. His belief in the 15th Amendment was juxtaposed to the womens movement but he felt that Black men in the South needed the right to vote to protect themselves from vigilantes.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDavis also donated his property, Oak Farm, known as Camp William Penn for the training of the first Black army troop (United States Third Infantry, 1863-1865). After the war, he developed the farm, changing the name to LaMott, and created working opportunities for Black and Irish people with low incomes. He became the leader of the Phialdelphia based Citizen's Suffrage Association.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\nDealer information\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"La Mott\" Living Places.com. Living Places U. S. Neighborhoods. (Website for finding historic places)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://www.livingplaces.com/PA/Montgomery_County/Cheltenham_Township/LaMott.html\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Virgil Maxwell Ward was a former enslaved person who was born in 1827 in Virginia and escaped from enslavement to Philadelphia, Ypsilanti, Michigan, Canada, and died in [Ann Arbor] Michigan in 1898. His widow, Mary E. Ward (1839-1917), is listed on page 400 of the Ann Arbor section of R. L. Polk Company's Ann Arbor, Ypsilant, and Washtenaw County Directory. (Detroit, 1910) It is possible that they had a son named Virgil M. Ward who is listed as a student at Ann Arbor High School in 1902-1903 but his age would have been older than that of a high school student so this is speculative.","Employer of Virgil Maxwell Ward after he escaped enslavement in Virginia, is Edward Morris Davis (1811-1887) a wealthy Philadelphia merchant, silk importer, railroad director, and Quaker. Despite his convictions toward peace, he served on the staff of General John C. Fremont in Missouri during the American Civil War. He was also an abolitionist and friend of William Lloyd Garrison, an ardent supporter of women's rights, and a friend of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. His belief in the 15th Amendment was juxtaposed to the womens movement but he felt that Black men in the South needed the right to vote to protect themselves from vigilantes.  ","Davis also donated his property, Oak Farm, known as Camp William Penn for the training of the first Black army troop (United States Third Infantry, 1863-1865). After the war, he developed the farm, changing the name to LaMott, and created working opportunities for Black and Irish people with low incomes. He became the leader of the Phialdelphia based Citizen's Suffrage Association.","Sources:\nDealer information","\"La Mott\" Living Places.com. Living Places U. S. Neighborhoods. (Website for finding historic places)","https://www.livingplaces.com/PA/Montgomery_County/Cheltenham_Township/LaMott.html"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16689, Virgil M. Ward letters, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16689, Virgil M. Ward letters, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains four letters from a formerly enslaved person, Virgil M. Ward to his former Philadelphia employer, Edward Morris Davis, referred to as \"Dear Friend \" in the letters.  Ward was born in Virginia in 1827, and it is unknown how he escaped enslavement. He worked in Philadelphia for Davis at $15.00 per month from April 1st, 1855 to April 13th, 1857. He moved to Ypsilanti, then Canada, and finally to Michigan. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe letters are from the year 1860. The first letter is dated October 25th, in which Ward states that enslavement is a sin and he thanks God that a change is happening where enslavement will be ended for all men in the United States, with the assistance of men like William H. Seward, Charles Sumner, Lloyd Garrison and others. He reveals his hope for the future and notices that there are some white people that can be great friends. He describes the loss of personal control for enslaved people, particularly families. He writes that he doesn't want the Union to dissolve but considers that it is necessary if it can abolish enslavement. He also mentions the Pennsylvania gubernatorial election in October where the Republican Party defeated the Democratic candidate. In his other letters, dated between November and December, Ward asks for a return of money owed him by Davis, which Ward claims is an accounting mistake made by Davis. The letters are friendly but Ward is firm that he is owed the money and he finally receives it after writing successive letters to Davis.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains four letters from a formerly enslaved person, Virgil M. Ward to his former Philadelphia employer, Edward Morris Davis, referred to as \"Dear Friend \" in the letters.  Ward was born in Virginia in 1827, and it is unknown how he escaped enslavement. He worked in Philadelphia for Davis at $15.00 per month from April 1st, 1855 to April 13th, 1857. He moved to Ypsilanti, then Canada, and finally to Michigan. ","The letters are from the year 1860. The first letter is dated October 25th, in which Ward states that enslavement is a sin and he thanks God that a change is happening where enslavement will be ended for all men in the United States, with the assistance of men like William H. Seward, Charles Sumner, Lloyd Garrison and others. He reveals his hope for the future and notices that there are some white people that can be great friends. He describes the loss of personal control for enslaved people, particularly families. He writes that he doesn't want the Union to dissolve but considers that it is necessary if it can abolish enslavement. He also mentions the Pennsylvania gubernatorial election in October where the Republican Party defeated the Democratic candidate. In his other letters, dated between November and December, Ward asks for a return of money owed him by Davis, which Ward claims is an accounting mistake made by Davis. The letters are friendly but Ward is firm that he is owed the money and he finally receives it after writing successive letters to Davis."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Ward, Virgil Maxwell, 1827-1898"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Ward, Virgil Maxwell, 1827-1898"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:42:25.725Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1339"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1140","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Wendell Phillips papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1140#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Phillips, Wendell, 1811-1884","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1140#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis addition to MSS 7206 Wendell Phillips papers is a single undated letter from Wendell Phillips (1811-1884), an attorney and abolitionist, concerning a speaking engagement on \"Tousssaint L'Ouverture, the hero of Hayti\" in New Bedford, Massachusetts.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1140#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1140","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1140","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1140","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1140","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1140.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/126158","title_filing_ssi":"Phillips, Wendell papers","title_ssm":["Wendell Phillips papers"],"title_tesim":["Wendell Phillips papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["undated "],"unitdate_other_ssim":["undated "],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 7206","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1140"],"text":["MSS 7206","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1140","Wendell Phillips papers","Abolitionists","Good","The collection is open for research use.","Wendell Phillips (November 29, 1811 – February 2, 1884) was an American abolitionist, advocate for Native Americans, orator, and attorney. 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","This addition to MSS 7206 Wendell Phillips papers is a single undated letter from Wendell Phillips (1811-1884), an attorney and abolitionist, concerning a speaking engagement on \"Tousssaint L'Ouverture, the hero of Hayti\" in New Bedford, Massachusetts.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Phillips, Wendell, 1811-1884","Toussaint Louverture, 1743-1803","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 7206","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1140"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wendell Phillips papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Wendell Phillips papers"],"collection_ssim":["Wendell Phillips papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Phillips, Wendell, 1811-1884"],"creator_ssim":["Phillips, Wendell, 1811-1884"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Phillips, Wendell, 1811-1884"],"creators_ssim":["Phillips, Wendell, 1811-1884"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from L \u0026 T Respess Books by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 21 September 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Abolitionists"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Abolitionists"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good"],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter."],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWendell Phillips (November 29, 1811 – February 2, 1884) was an American abolitionist, advocate for Native Americans, orator, and attorney. According to George Lewis Ruffin, a Black attorney, Phillips was seen by many Black people as \"the one white American wholly color-blind and free from race prejudice.\" According to another Black attorney, Archibald Grimké, as an abolitionist leader he is ahead of William Lloyd Garrison and Charles Sumner. From 1850 to 1865 he was the \"preëminent figure\" in American abolitionism.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhillips gave a lecture on Toussaint Breda Louverture, known as the \"hero of Hayti\" or the \"Father of Haiti\". Louverture (20 May 1743 – 7 April 1803)was born an enslaved person on the French colony of Saint-Domingue, now known as Haiti.  He became a free man and a Jacobin, and began his military career as a leader of the 1791 slave rebellion in Saint-Domingue. 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Louverture (20 May 1743 – 7 April 1803)was born an enslaved person on the French colony of Saint-Domingue, now known as Haiti.  He became a free man and a Jacobin, and began his military career as a leader of the 1791 slave rebellion in Saint-Domingue. He was a Haitian general and the most prominent leader of the Haitian Revolution.He displayed military and political acumen that helped transform the fledgling slave rebellion into a revolutionary movement. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 7206, Wendell Phillips letter concerning a speaking engagement in New Bedford, Massachussetts, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 7206, Wendell Phillips letter concerning a speaking engagement in New Bedford, Massachussetts, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis addition to MSS 7206 Wendell Phillips papers is a single undated letter from Wendell Phillips (1811-1884), an attorney and abolitionist, concerning a speaking engagement on \"Tousssaint L'Ouverture, the hero of Hayti\" in New Bedford, Massachusetts.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This addition to MSS 7206 Wendell Phillips papers is a single undated letter from Wendell Phillips (1811-1884), an attorney and abolitionist, concerning a speaking engagement on \"Tousssaint L'Ouverture, the hero of Hayti\" in New Bedford, Massachusetts."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Phillips, Wendell, 1811-1884","Toussaint Louverture, 1743-1803"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Toussaint Louverture, 1743-1803"],"persname_ssim":["Phillips, Wendell, 1811-1884","Toussaint Louverture, 1743-1803"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:40:30.376Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1140","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1140","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1140","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1140","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1140.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/126158","title_filing_ssi":"Phillips, Wendell papers","title_ssm":["Wendell Phillips papers"],"title_tesim":["Wendell Phillips papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["undated "],"unitdate_other_ssim":["undated "],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 7206","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1140"],"text":["MSS 7206","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1140","Wendell Phillips papers","Abolitionists","Good","The collection is open for research use.","Wendell Phillips (November 29, 1811 – February 2, 1884) was an American abolitionist, advocate for Native Americans, orator, and attorney. According to George Lewis Ruffin, a Black attorney, Phillips was seen by many Black people as \"the one white American wholly color-blind and free from race prejudice.\" According to another Black attorney, Archibald Grimké, as an abolitionist leader he is ahead of William Lloyd Garrison and Charles Sumner. From 1850 to 1865 he was the \"preëminent figure\" in American abolitionism.","Phillips gave a lecture on Toussaint Breda Louverture, known as the \"hero of Hayti\" or the \"Father of Haiti\". Louverture (20 May 1743 – 7 April 1803)was born an enslaved person on the French colony of Saint-Domingue, now known as Haiti.  He became a free man and a Jacobin, and began his military career as a leader of the 1791 slave rebellion in Saint-Domingue. He was a Haitian general and the most prominent leader of the Haitian Revolution.He displayed military and political acumen that helped transform the fledgling slave rebellion into a revolutionary movement. 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Discusses the effect that the abolition of slavery would have on the economy of the United States and England. Also discusses Poole's opposition to slavery and the kidnapping of free African Americans to be put into slavery.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_5525#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_5525","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_5525","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_5525","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_5525","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_5525.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Poole, William, Letter","title_ssm":["William Poole Letter"],"title_tesim":["William Poole Letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["1817 February 15"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1817 February 15"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 00682","/repositories/2/resources/5525"],"text":["SC 00682","/repositories/2/resources/5525","William Poole Letter","Abolitionists","Antislavery movements--United States","Antislavery movements--United States--History--19th century--Sources","Quaker abolitionists","United States--Abolition--History","United States--Slavery","Collection is open to all researchers.  Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:  .","Accessioned and minimally processed by Benjamin Bromley in December 2012.","Letter, 15 February 1817, of William Poole, Brandywine, Delaware, to Isaac Hicks of Westbury, New York. Discusses the effect that the abolition of slavery would have on the economy of the United States and England. Also discusses Poole's opposition to slavery and the kidnapping of free African Americans to be put into slavery.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 00682","/repositories/2/resources/5525"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William Poole Letter"],"collection_title_tesim":["William Poole Letter"],"collection_ssim":["William Poole Letter"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Abolitionists","Antislavery movements--United States","Antislavery movements--United States--History--19th century--Sources","Quaker abolitionists","United States--Abolition--History","United States--Slavery"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Abolitionists","Antislavery movements--United States","Antislavery movements--United States--History--19th century--Sources","Quaker abolitionists","United States--Abolition--History","United States--Slavery"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Linear Foot"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Linear Foot"],"date_range_isim":[1817],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers.  Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). 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