{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026facet.page=3\u0026page=570","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026facet.page=3\u0026page=569","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026facet.page=3\u0026page=570"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":570,"next_page":null,"prev_page":569,"total_pages":570,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":5690,"total_count":5697,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c03_c03","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Yiddish newspaper article (Radon, Poland) about Friedman and Fleisher saving the woman drowning in Vienna","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c03_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c03_c03","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c03_c03"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c03_c03","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c03","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c03","parent_ssim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006","Series 3. 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He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna.","Before he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942.","Due to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.","By December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant.","Content Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","This collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia.","The Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States.","The collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust.","The collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army.","The collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.","There is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps.","There is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.","The collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books, Zur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah, Altneuland The Old New Land by Theodor Herzl, A Book of Jewish Thought, and Pears Enclyclopaedia  were catalogued separately.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006","English\n      German\n      Hebrew\n      Yiddish\n      French"],"collection_title_tesim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006"],"collection_ssim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16906","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1792"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16906","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1792"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"creator_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Mark Friedman and Ron Friedman to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 3 December 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","Jews  -- Austria","Kindertransports (Rescue operations)","Jewish children in the Holocaust","Jews  -- Virginia","History of Childhood, Parenting and Family Building (UVA)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","Jews  -- Austria","Kindertransports (Rescue operations)","Jewish children in the Holocaust","Jews  -- Virginia","History of Childhood, Parenting and Family Building (UVA)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["1 Cubic Feet 2 legal size document boxes, and 1 half-width legal size document box"],"extent_tesim":["1 Cubic Feet 2 legal size document boxes, and 1 half-width legal size document box"],"date_range_isim":[1896,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHerbert Friedman was born in Vienna on December 11, 1924. He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBefore he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDue to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Herbert Friedman was born in Vienna on December 11, 1924. He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna.","Before he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942.","Due to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.","By December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContent Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Content Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eZur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAltneuland The Old New Land\u003c/emph\u003e by Theodor Herzl, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Book of Jewish Thought\u003c/emph\u003e, and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePears Enclyclopaedia \u003c/emph\u003e were catalogued separately.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia.","The Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States.","The collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust.","The collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army.","The collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.","There is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps.","There is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.","The collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books, Zur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah, Altneuland The Old New Land by Theodor Herzl, A Book of Jewish Thought, and Pears Enclyclopaedia  were catalogued separately."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"language_ssim":["English\n      German\n      Hebrew\n      Yiddish\n      French"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":236,"online_item_count_is":224,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:44.527Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c03_c03"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c04_c06","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Yiddish New Years card to Ida Friedman and photograph of First Grade class at Gerharduss Gasse Schule, 1926","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c04_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c04_c06","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c04_c06"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c04_c06","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c04","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c04","parent_ssim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006","Series 4. 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He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna.","Before he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942.","Due to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.","By December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant.","Content Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","This collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia.","The Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States.","The collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust.","The collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army.","The collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.","There is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps.","There is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.","The collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books, Zur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah, Altneuland The Old New Land by Theodor Herzl, A Book of Jewish Thought, and Pears Enclyclopaedia  were catalogued separately.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006","English\n      German\n      Hebrew\n      Yiddish\n      French"],"collection_title_tesim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006"],"collection_ssim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16906","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1792"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16906","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1792"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"creator_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Mark Friedman and Ron Friedman to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 3 December 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","Jews  -- Austria","Kindertransports (Rescue operations)","Jewish children in the Holocaust","Jews  -- Virginia","History of Childhood, Parenting and Family Building (UVA)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","Jews  -- Austria","Kindertransports (Rescue operations)","Jewish children in the Holocaust","Jews  -- Virginia","History of Childhood, Parenting and Family Building (UVA)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["1 Cubic Feet 2 legal size document boxes, and 1 half-width legal size document box"],"extent_tesim":["1 Cubic Feet 2 legal size document boxes, and 1 half-width legal size document box"],"date_range_isim":[1896,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHerbert Friedman was born in Vienna on December 11, 1924. He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBefore he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDue to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Herbert Friedman was born in Vienna on December 11, 1924. He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna.","Before he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942.","Due to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.","By December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContent Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Content Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eZur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAltneuland The Old New Land\u003c/emph\u003e by Theodor Herzl, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Book of Jewish Thought\u003c/emph\u003e, and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePears Enclyclopaedia \u003c/emph\u003e were catalogued separately.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia.","The Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States.","The collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust.","The collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army.","The collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.","There is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps.","There is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.","The collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books, Zur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah, Altneuland The Old New Land by Theodor Herzl, A Book of Jewish Thought, and Pears Enclyclopaedia  were catalogued separately."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"language_ssim":["English\n      German\n      Hebrew\n      Yiddish\n      French"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":236,"online_item_count_is":224,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:44.527Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c04_c06"}},{"id":"vi_vi00486_c02_c02_c155","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"York County","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00486_c02_c02_c155#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi00486_c02_c02_c155","ref_ssm":["vi_vi00486_c02_c02_c155"],"id":"vi_vi00486_c02_c02_c155","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00486","_root_":"vi_vi00486","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00486_c02_c02","parent_ssi":"vi_vi00486_c02_c02","parent_ssim":["Equal Suffrage League of Virginia records, 1908-1938","Series II: Equal Suffrage League of Virginia.","Local Chapters."],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi00486","vi_vi00486_c02","vi_vi00486_c02_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"York County","title_ssm":["York County"],"title_tesim":["York County"],"normalized_title_ssm":["York County"],"text":["York County","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia records, 1908-1938","Series II: Equal Suffrage League of Virginia.","Local Chapters.","box 15","folder 36"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Equal Suffrage League of Virginia records, 1908-1938","Series II: Equal Suffrage League of Virginia.","Local Chapters."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Equal Suffrage League of Virginia records, 1908-1938","Series II: Equal Suffrage League of Virginia.","Local Chapters."],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":395,"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Equal Suffrage League of Virginia records, 1908-1938"],"containers_ssim":["box 15","folder 36"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\": \"Click for digital images\", \"href\": \"https://rosetta.virginiamemory.com/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE3486451\"}"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#1/components#154","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:22:44.437Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi00486","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00486","_root_":"vi_vi00486","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00486","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi00486.xml","title_ssm":["Equal Suffrage League of Virginia records, 1908-1938"],"title_tesim":["Equal Suffrage League of Virginia records, 1908-1938"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Equal Suffrage League of Virginia records, 1908-1938"],"text":["Equal Suffrage League of Virginia records, 1908-1938","22002","There are no restrictions.","Materials in Boxes 1-15 and 20, as well as Box 24, Folders 22-23, 29, 31, 33-34, are available in digital format through the finding aid.","This collection is arranged into the following series:","I: Correspondence, 1909-1933\nII: Equal Suffrage League of Virginia records\nIII: National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)\nIV:  League of Women Voters of Virginia\nV:  National League of Women Voters\nVI: General and Miscellaneous files\nVII: Ephemera","The Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was organized in 1909 in Richmond, Virginia. Its primary purpose was to publicize and propagandize women's issues in the state, with the goal to win the political vote. Virginia was one of the six states which did not ratify the amendment. The final board meeting of the Equal Suffrage League was on November 8, 1920, and it became the League of Women Voters on November 10, 1920.","See also League of Women Voters of Virginia records, 1920-2011 (LVA accession 39487).","Papers, 1908-1938, of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, including correspondence, organization records for both the Equal Suffrage League and the League of Women Voters, printed materials, \"Votes for Women\" buttons, and postcards.","There are no restrictions.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Equal Suffrage League of Virginia records, 1908-1938"],"collection_ssim":["Equal Suffrage League of Virginia records, 1908-1938"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["22002"],"unitid_tesim":["22002"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Equal Suffrage League of Virginia"],"creator_ssim":["Equal Suffrage League of Virginia"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Ida Mae Thompson, Richmond, Virginia."],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["13.5 cu. ft. (31 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["13.5 cu. ft. (31 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in Boxes 1-15 and 20, as well as Box 24, Folders 22-23, 29, 31, 33-34, are available in digital format through the finding aid.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Materials in Boxes 1-15 and 20, as well as Box 24, Folders 22-23, 29, 31, 33-34, are available in digital format through the finding aid."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eI: Correspondence, 1909-1933\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eII: Equal Suffrage League of Virginia records\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eIII: National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eIV:  League of Women Voters of Virginia\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eV:  National League of Women Voters\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eVI: General and Miscellaneous files\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eVII: Ephemera\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:","I: Correspondence, 1909-1933\nII: Equal Suffrage League of Virginia records\nIII: National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)\nIV:  League of Women Voters of Virginia\nV:  National League of Women Voters\nVI: General and Miscellaneous files\nVII: Ephemera"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was organized in 1909 in Richmond, Virginia. Its primary purpose was to publicize and propagandize women's issues in the state, with the goal to win the political vote. Virginia was one of the six states which did not ratify the amendment. The final board meeting of the Equal Suffrage League was on November 8, 1920, and it became the League of Women Voters on November 10, 1920.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was organized in 1909 in Richmond, Virginia. Its primary purpose was to publicize and propagandize women's issues in the state, with the goal to win the political vote. Virginia was one of the six states which did not ratify the amendment. The final board meeting of the Equal Suffrage League was on November 8, 1920, and it became the League of Women Voters on November 10, 1920."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEqual Suffrage League of Virginia records, 1908-1938. Accession 22002. Organization records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"prefercite_tesim":["Equal Suffrage League of Virginia records, 1908-1938. Accession 22002. Organization records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also League of Women Voters of Virginia records, 1920-2011 (LVA accession 39487).\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also League of Women Voters of Virginia records, 1920-2011 (LVA accession 39487)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1908-1938, of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, including correspondence, organization records for both the Equal Suffrage League and the League of Women Voters, printed materials, \"Votes for Women\" buttons, and postcards.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, 1908-1938, of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, including correspondence, organization records for both the Equal Suffrage League and the League of Women Voters, printed materials, \"Votes for Women\" buttons, and postcards."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":857,"online_item_count_is":432,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:22:44.437Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00486_c02_c02_c155"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c02","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Youngel (Wolfgang Ader) to Herbert Friedman and Heinz Reiner, 1939","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c02","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c02"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c02","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03","parent_ssim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006","Series 2. Correspondence","Subseries: Friends"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02","viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03"],"title_filing_ssi":"Youngel (Wolfgang Ader) to Herbert Friedman and Heinz Reiner","title_ssm":["Youngel (Wolfgang Ader) to Herbert Friedman and Heinz Reiner"],"title_tesim":["Youngel (Wolfgang Ader) to Herbert Friedman and Heinz Reiner"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Youngel (Wolfgang Ader) to Herbert Friedman and Heinz Reiner, 1939"],"text":["Youngel (Wolfgang Ader) to Herbert Friedman and Heinz Reiner, 1939","Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006","Series 2. Correspondence","Subseries: Friends","box 2","folder 70","German","English translation with the letter"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006","Series 2. Correspondence","Subseries: Friends"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006","Series 2. Correspondence","Subseries: Friends"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1939"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1939 March 7"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":163,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006"],"containers_ssim":["box 2","folder 70"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\": \"Youngel (Wolfgang Ader) to Herbert Friedman and Heinz Reiner, 1939 March 7\", \"href\": \"https://iiifman.lib.virginia.edu/pid/tsb:109782\"}"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research."],"language_ssim":["German"],"date_range_isim":[1939],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["English translation with the letter"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#2/components#1","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:44.527Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1792.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/221482","title_filing_ssi":"Friedman, Herbert, Holocaust materials","title_ssm":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials"],"title_tesim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials"],"unitdate_ssm":["1924-2006","1896"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1924-2006"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1896"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1924/2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006"],"text":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006","MSS 16906","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1792","Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","Jews  -- Austria","Kindertransports (Rescue operations)","Jewish children in the Holocaust","Jews  -- Virginia","History of Childhood, Parenting and Family Building (UVA)","This collection is open for research.","Herbert Friedman was born in Vienna on December 11, 1924. He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna.","Before he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942.","Due to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.","By December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant.","Content Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","This collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia.","The Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States.","The collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust.","The collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army.","The collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.","There is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps.","There is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.","The collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books, Zur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah, Altneuland The Old New Land by Theodor Herzl, A Book of Jewish Thought, and Pears Enclyclopaedia  were catalogued separately.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006","English\n      German\n      Hebrew\n      Yiddish\n      French"],"collection_title_tesim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006"],"collection_ssim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16906","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1792"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16906","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1792"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"creator_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Mark Friedman and Ron Friedman to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 3 December 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","Jews  -- Austria","Kindertransports (Rescue operations)","Jewish children in the Holocaust","Jews  -- Virginia","History of Childhood, Parenting and Family Building (UVA)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","Jews  -- Austria","Kindertransports (Rescue operations)","Jewish children in the Holocaust","Jews  -- Virginia","History of Childhood, Parenting and Family Building (UVA)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["1 Cubic Feet 2 legal size document boxes, and 1 half-width legal size document box"],"extent_tesim":["1 Cubic Feet 2 legal size document boxes, and 1 half-width legal size document box"],"date_range_isim":[1896,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHerbert Friedman was born in Vienna on December 11, 1924. He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBefore he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDue to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Herbert Friedman was born in Vienna on December 11, 1924. He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna.","Before he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942.","Due to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.","By December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContent Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Content Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eZur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAltneuland The Old New Land\u003c/emph\u003e by Theodor Herzl, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Book of Jewish Thought\u003c/emph\u003e, and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePears Enclyclopaedia \u003c/emph\u003e were catalogued separately.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia.","The Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States.","The collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust.","The collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army.","The collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.","There is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps.","There is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.","The collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books, Zur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah, Altneuland The Old New Land by Theodor Herzl, A Book of Jewish Thought, and Pears Enclyclopaedia  were catalogued separately."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"language_ssim":["English\n      German\n      Hebrew\n      Yiddish\n      French"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":236,"online_item_count_is":224,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:44.527Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c02"}},{"id":"vifgm_scenesfrombehindthewall_c01_c48","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"\"Youth, Binz, \" Helmut Brinkmann, 1990","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_scenesfrombehindthewall_c01_c48#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_scenesfrombehindthewall_c01_c48","ref_ssm":["vifgm_scenesfrombehindthewall_c01_c48"],"id":"vifgm_scenesfrombehindthewall_c01_c48","ead_ssi":"vifgm_scenesfrombehindthewall","_root_":"vifgm_scenesfrombehindthewall","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_scenesfrombehindthewall_c01","parent_ssi":"vifgm_scenesfrombehindthewall_c01","parent_ssim":["\"Scenes from Behind the Wall: Images of East Germany, 1989/90\" exhibit collection, 1989/2012","Series 1: Prints, 1989/1990"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_scenesfrombehindthewall","vifgm_scenesfrombehindthewall_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"\"Youth, Binz,\" Helmut Brinkmann,","title_ssm":["\"Youth, Binz, \" Helmut Brinkmann"],"title_tesim":["\"Youth, Binz, \" Helmut Brinkmann"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"Youth, Binz, \" Helmut Brinkmann, 1990"],"text":["\"Youth, Binz, \" Helmut Brinkmann, 1990","\"Scenes from Behind the Wall: Images of East Germany, 1989/90\" exhibit collection, 1989/2012","Series 1: Prints, 1989/1990","Box 3"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["\"Scenes from Behind the Wall: Images of East Germany, 1989/90\" exhibit collection, 1989/2012","Series 1: Prints, 1989/1990"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["\"Scenes from Behind the Wall: Images of East Germany, 1989/90\" exhibit collection, 1989/2012","Series 1: Prints, 1989/1990"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1990"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1990"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":49,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["\"Scenes from Behind the Wall: Images of East Germany, 1989/90\" exhibit collection, 1989/2012"],"containers_ssim":["Box 3"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\": \"\\u201cYouth, Binz,\\u201d Helmut Brinkmann\", \"href\": \"http://images.gmu.edu/luna/servlet/s/51bdn2\"}"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from \"Scenes from Behind the Wall: Images of East Germany, 1989/90\" exhibit collection must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1990],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#47","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:24.969Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_scenesfrombehindthewall","ead_ssi":"vifgm_scenesfrombehindthewall","_root_":"vifgm_scenesfrombehindthewall","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_scenesfrombehindthewall","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/scenesfrombehindthewall.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/scenesfrombehindthewall.html","title_ssm":["\"Scenes from Behind the Wall: Images of East Germany, 1989/90\" exhibit collection"],"title_tesim":["\"Scenes from Behind the Wall: Images of East Germany, 1989/90\" exhibit collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1989-2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1989-2012"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1989/2012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"Scenes from Behind the Wall: Images of East Germany, 1989/90\" exhibit collection, 1989/2012"],"text":["\"Scenes from Behind the Wall: Images of East Germany, 1989/90\" exhibit collection, 1989/2012","C0235","Photographs.","There are no access restrictions.","This collection is divided into two series.","Series 1: Prints, 1989-1990 (Box 1-3)\n        Series 2: Documentation, 1989-2012 (Box 4)","Page Chichester was born in New Jersey in 1959 and grew up in rural Culpeper, Virginia. He earned a bachelor's degree in English and a master's degree from the University of Missouri School of Journalism. After a two-year stint as photo editor at a wildlife-conservation magazine in Washington, D.C., he spent five years in West Germany, where he worked as a freelance photographer. He returned to Washington, D.C., in 1990 to work as a photojournalist for the National Audubon Society's television productions department, photographing four books including one on the African elephant. He then became editor of Virginia magazine, formerly Virginia Southwest. He freelanced in Roanoke, Virginia, for several years before moving to Bonn, Germany, with his family. The tides of change have swept them to Berlin, and today, Chichester is part of the subcontracted photography crew on various cruise ships. Chichester's photography has appeared in museum and galleries in Athens, Berlin, Bonn, Washington, D.C., and Virginia, as well as in state, regional, and national publications.","Helmut Brinkmann was born in 1951 in Duisburg, part of the coal-mining region (Ruhr Pot) of the former West Germany. He has been a professional photographer since 1979. In addition to his commercial, portrait, and architectural photography, he has exhibited numerous projects in Duisburg, Hamburg, Bonn, Greece, and Spain. In 1972 Brinkmann won the prestigious Bundesfotopreis (National Photo Award). A series of his hand-colored postcards was published as a book, Verwandlungen (Changes), by one of Germany's foremost art publishers, DuMont Verlag. He was among the photographers chosen for the 1991 exhibit Five Bonn Photographers, is a member of the Bundesverband Bildender Künstler (National Assn. of Artists) and is listed in the Bonn Artists Directory. His work has been published in Stern, Die Welt, and other major magazines and newspapers, and he has taught photography for several years in high schools in and around Bonn. Brinkmann has traveled extensively through the former East Germany since 1989.","is from the exhibition catalog: Chichester, Page and Helmut Brinkmann. Scenes from Behind the Wall: Images of East Germany, 1989/90. Floyd, Virginia: The Jacksonville Center for the Arts, 2012.","Processing completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in August 2013. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in August 2013.","Special Collections and Archives holds a large collection of posters that document the history of East Germany from the 1940s through the first elections in the 1990s. In addition, Special Collections and Archives also holds the  that consists of photographs that document the activities of the KUD, a West German organization that campaigned for reunification.","This collection consists of 53 framed photographs and supporting documentation for the exhibit \"Scenes from Behind the Wall: Images of East Germany, 1989/90\" that was shown throughout Virginia as part of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Statewide Exhibition Program from 1995 through 2009. Some of the locations the exhibit traveled to include: Roanoke College, Washington (DC) Center for Photography, Lynchburg Fine Arts Center, and the Armory Gallery at Virginia Tech University. The exhibit was also shown at the Jacksonville Center for the Arts in Floyd, Virginia, in February 2012.","Series 1 includes the framed prints and exhibition labels and is in original order. All prints are black and white and framed (with frame 30x40 inches).","Series 2 consists of correspondence about exhibitions of the photographs, handwritten notes in German, German magazines, press clippings, and smaller prints and negatives. In addition to the catalog, photographs from the exhibit were published in KulturPolitik and FotoScene magazines in Germany, as well as various newspapers in Virginia. Among the documentary material that comes with the exhibit are copies of the German GEO and Stern special-editions on the fall of the wall from 1990, and a list of all the showplaces in Virginia. This series is arranged alphabetically by folder title.","There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from \"Scenes from Behind the Wall: Images of East Germany, 1989/90\" exhibit collection must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.","Framed photographs and supporting documentation for the exhibit \"Scenes from Behind the Wall: Images of East Germany, 1989/90\" that was shown throughout Virginia as part of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Statewide Exhibition Program from 1995 through 2009. The exhibit was also shown at the Jacksonville Center for the Arts in Floyd, Virginia, in February 2012.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Chichester, Page","Brinkmann, Helmut.","Chichester, Page.","English\n\t\t\n\t\tand\n\t\tGerman"],"collection_title_tesim":["\"Scenes from Behind the Wall: Images of East Germany, 1989/90\" exhibit collection, 1989/2012"],"collection_ssim":["\"Scenes from Behind the Wall: Images of East Germany, 1989/90\" exhibit collection, 1989/2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0235"],"unitid_tesim":["C0235"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Chichester, Page"],"creator_ssim":["Chichester, Page"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Chichester, Page","Brinkmann, Helmut.","Chichester, Page."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Chichester, Page","Brinkmann, Helmut.","Chichester, Page.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from \"Scenes from Behind the Wall: Images of East Germany, 1989/90\" exhibit collection must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Special Collections and Archives on June 21, 2013."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["20 linear feet (4 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["20 linear feet (4 boxes)"],"date_range_isim":[1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is divided into two series.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Prints, 1989-1990 (Box 1-3)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Documentation, 1989-2012 (Box 4)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is divided into two series.","Series 1: Prints, 1989-1990 (Box 1-3)\n        Series 2: Documentation, 1989-2012 (Box 4)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePage Chichester was born in New Jersey in 1959 and grew up in rural Culpeper, Virginia. He earned a bachelor's degree in English and a master's degree from the University of Missouri School of Journalism. After a two-year stint as photo editor at a wildlife-conservation magazine in Washington, D.C., he spent five years in West Germany, where he worked as a freelance photographer. He returned to Washington, D.C., in 1990 to work as a photojournalist for the National Audubon Society's television productions department, photographing four books including one on the African elephant. He then became editor of Virginia magazine, formerly Virginia Southwest. He freelanced in Roanoke, Virginia, for several years before moving to Bonn, Germany, with his family. The tides of change have swept them to Berlin, and today, Chichester is part of the subcontracted photography crew on various cruise ships. Chichester's photography has appeared in museum and galleries in Athens, Berlin, Bonn, Washington, D.C., and Virginia, as well as in state, regional, and national publications.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eHelmut Brinkmann was born in 1951 in Duisburg, part of the coal-mining region (Ruhr Pot) of the former West Germany. He has been a professional photographer since 1979. In addition to his commercial, portrait, and architectural photography, he has exhibited numerous projects in Duisburg, Hamburg, Bonn, Greece, and Spain. In 1972 Brinkmann won the prestigious Bundesfotopreis (National Photo Award). A series of his hand-colored postcards was published as a book, Verwandlungen (Changes), by one of Germany's foremost art publishers, DuMont Verlag. He was among the photographers chosen for the 1991 exhibit Five Bonn Photographers, is a member of the Bundesverband Bildender Künstler (National Assn. of Artists) and is listed in the Bonn Artists Directory. His work has been published in Stern, Die Welt, and other major magazines and newspapers, and he has taught photography for several years in high schools in and around Bonn. Brinkmann has traveled extensively through the former East Germany since 1989.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eis from the exhibition catalog: Chichester, Page and Helmut Brinkmann. Scenes from Behind the Wall: Images of East Germany, 1989/90. Floyd, Virginia: The Jacksonville Center for the Arts, 2012.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Page Chichester was born in New Jersey in 1959 and grew up in rural Culpeper, Virginia. He earned a bachelor's degree in English and a master's degree from the University of Missouri School of Journalism. After a two-year stint as photo editor at a wildlife-conservation magazine in Washington, D.C., he spent five years in West Germany, where he worked as a freelance photographer. He returned to Washington, D.C., in 1990 to work as a photojournalist for the National Audubon Society's television productions department, photographing four books including one on the African elephant. He then became editor of Virginia magazine, formerly Virginia Southwest. He freelanced in Roanoke, Virginia, for several years before moving to Bonn, Germany, with his family. The tides of change have swept them to Berlin, and today, Chichester is part of the subcontracted photography crew on various cruise ships. Chichester's photography has appeared in museum and galleries in Athens, Berlin, Bonn, Washington, D.C., and Virginia, as well as in state, regional, and national publications.","Helmut Brinkmann was born in 1951 in Duisburg, part of the coal-mining region (Ruhr Pot) of the former West Germany. He has been a professional photographer since 1979. In addition to his commercial, portrait, and architectural photography, he has exhibited numerous projects in Duisburg, Hamburg, Bonn, Greece, and Spain. In 1972 Brinkmann won the prestigious Bundesfotopreis (National Photo Award). A series of his hand-colored postcards was published as a book, Verwandlungen (Changes), by one of Germany's foremost art publishers, DuMont Verlag. He was among the photographers chosen for the 1991 exhibit Five Bonn Photographers, is a member of the Bundesverband Bildender Künstler (National Assn. of Artists) and is listed in the Bonn Artists Directory. His work has been published in Stern, Die Welt, and other major magazines and newspapers, and he has taught photography for several years in high schools in and around Bonn. Brinkmann has traveled extensively through the former East Germany since 1989.","is from the exhibition catalog: Chichester, Page and Helmut Brinkmann. Scenes from Behind the Wall: Images of East Germany, 1989/90. Floyd, Virginia: The Jacksonville Center for the Arts, 2012."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Scenes from Behind the Wall: Images of East Germany, 1989/90\" exhibit collection, C0235, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"prefercite_tesim":["\"Scenes from Behind the Wall: Images of East Germany, 1989/90\" exhibit collection, C0235, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in August 2013. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in August 2013.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in August 2013. EAD markup completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in August 2013."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections and Archives holds a large collection of posters that document the history of East Germany from the 1940s through the first elections in the 1990s. In addition, Special Collections and Archives also holds the \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland (KUD) photograph collection\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/kud.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e that consists of photographs that document the activities of the KUD, a West German organization that campaigned for reunification.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections and Archives holds a large collection of posters that document the history of East Germany from the 1940s through the first elections in the 1990s. In addition, Special Collections and Archives also holds the  that consists of photographs that document the activities of the KUD, a West German organization that campaigned for reunification."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of 53 framed photographs and supporting documentation for the exhibit \"Scenes from Behind the Wall: Images of East Germany, 1989/90\" that was shown throughout Virginia as part of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Statewide Exhibition Program from 1995 through 2009. Some of the locations the exhibit traveled to include: Roanoke College, Washington (DC) Center for Photography, Lynchburg Fine Arts Center, and the Armory Gallery at Virginia Tech University. The exhibit was also shown at the Jacksonville Center for the Arts in Floyd, Virginia, in February 2012.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 includes the framed prints and exhibition labels and is in original order. All prints are black and white and framed (with frame 30x40 inches).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 consists of correspondence about exhibitions of the photographs, handwritten notes in German, German magazines, press clippings, and smaller prints and negatives. In addition to the catalog, photographs from the exhibit were published in KulturPolitik and FotoScene magazines in Germany, as well as various newspapers in Virginia. Among the documentary material that comes with the exhibit are copies of the German GEO and Stern special-editions on the fall of the wall from 1990, and a list of all the showplaces in Virginia. This series is arranged alphabetically by folder title.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of 53 framed photographs and supporting documentation for the exhibit \"Scenes from Behind the Wall: Images of East Germany, 1989/90\" that was shown throughout Virginia as part of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Statewide Exhibition Program from 1995 through 2009. Some of the locations the exhibit traveled to include: Roanoke College, Washington (DC) Center for Photography, Lynchburg Fine Arts Center, and the Armory Gallery at Virginia Tech University. The exhibit was also shown at the Jacksonville Center for the Arts in Floyd, Virginia, in February 2012.","Series 1 includes the framed prints and exhibition labels and is in original order. All prints are black and white and framed (with frame 30x40 inches).","Series 2 consists of correspondence about exhibitions of the photographs, handwritten notes in German, German magazines, press clippings, and smaller prints and negatives. In addition to the catalog, photographs from the exhibit were published in KulturPolitik and FotoScene magazines in Germany, as well as various newspapers in Virginia. Among the documentary material that comes with the exhibit are copies of the German GEO and Stern special-editions on the fall of the wall from 1990, and a list of all the showplaces in Virginia. This series is arranged alphabetically by folder title."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from \"Scenes from Behind the Wall: Images of East Germany, 1989/90\" exhibit collection must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from \"Scenes from Behind the Wall: Images of East Germany, 1989/90\" exhibit collection must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"ref348\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eFramed photographs and supporting documentation for the exhibit \"Scenes from Behind the Wall: Images of East Germany, 1989/90\" that was shown throughout Virginia as part of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Statewide Exhibition Program from 1995 through 2009. The exhibit was also shown at the Jacksonville Center for the Arts in Floyd, Virginia, in February 2012.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n      "],"abstract_tesim":["Framed photographs and supporting documentation for the exhibit \"Scenes from Behind the Wall: Images of East Germany, 1989/90\" that was shown throughout Virginia as part of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Statewide Exhibition Program from 1995 through 2009. The exhibit was also shown at the Jacksonville Center for the Arts in Floyd, Virginia, in February 2012."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Chichester, Page","Brinkmann, Helmut.","Chichester, Page."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Chichester, Page","Brinkmann, Helmut.","Chichester, Page."],"language_ssim":["English\n\t\t\n\t\tand\n\t\tGerman"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":60,"online_item_count_is":53,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:24.969Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_scenesfrombehindthewall_c01_c48"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c02_c02","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Youth Movement Leader of the Association of Jewish War Veterans, Richard Gaensler letter to Young Friend about Herbert Friedman's heroic deed, 1937","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c02_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c02_c02","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c02_c02"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c02_c02","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c02","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c02","parent_ssim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006","Series 2. Correspondence","Subseries: Officials"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02","viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Youth Movement Leader of the Association of Jewish War Veterans, Richard Gaensler letter to Young Friend about Herbert Friedman's heroic deed","title_ssm":["Youth Movement Leader of the Association of Jewish War Veterans, Richard Gaensler letter to Young Friend about Herbert Friedman's heroic deed"],"title_tesim":["Youth Movement Leader of the Association of Jewish War Veterans, Richard Gaensler letter to Young Friend about Herbert Friedman's heroic deed"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Youth Movement Leader of the Association of Jewish War Veterans, Richard Gaensler letter to Young Friend about Herbert Friedman's heroic deed, 1937"],"text":["Youth Movement Leader of the Association of Jewish War Veterans, Richard Gaensler letter to Young Friend about Herbert Friedman's heroic deed, 1937","Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006","Series 2. Correspondence","Subseries: Officials","box 2","folder 39","German"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006","Series 2. Correspondence","Subseries: Officials"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006","Series 2. Correspondence","Subseries: Officials"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1937"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1937 November 2"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":131,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006"],"containers_ssim":["box 2","folder 39"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\": \"Youth Movement Leader of the Association of Jewish War Veterans, Richard Gaensler letter to Young Friend about Herbert Friedman's heroic deed, 1937 November 2\", \"href\": \"https://iiifman.lib.virginia.edu/pid/tsb:109688\"}"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research."],"language_ssim":["German"],"date_range_isim":[1937],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#1/components#1","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:44.527Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1792.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/221482","title_filing_ssi":"Friedman, Herbert, Holocaust materials","title_ssm":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials"],"title_tesim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials"],"unitdate_ssm":["1924-2006","1896"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1924-2006"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1896"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1924/2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006"],"text":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006","MSS 16906","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1792","Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","Jews  -- Austria","Kindertransports (Rescue operations)","Jewish children in the Holocaust","Jews  -- Virginia","History of Childhood, Parenting and Family Building (UVA)","This collection is open for research.","Herbert Friedman was born in Vienna on December 11, 1924. He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna.","Before he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942.","Due to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.","By December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant.","Content Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","This collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia.","The Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States.","The collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust.","The collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army.","The collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.","There is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps.","There is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.","The collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books, Zur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah, Altneuland The Old New Land by Theodor Herzl, A Book of Jewish Thought, and Pears Enclyclopaedia  were catalogued separately.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006","English\n      German\n      Hebrew\n      Yiddish\n      French"],"collection_title_tesim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006"],"collection_ssim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16906","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1792"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16906","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1792"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"creator_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Mark Friedman and Ron Friedman to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 3 December 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","Jews  -- Austria","Kindertransports (Rescue operations)","Jewish children in the Holocaust","Jews  -- Virginia","History of Childhood, Parenting and Family Building (UVA)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","Jews  -- Austria","Kindertransports (Rescue operations)","Jewish children in the Holocaust","Jews  -- Virginia","History of Childhood, Parenting and Family Building (UVA)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["1 Cubic Feet 2 legal size document boxes, and 1 half-width legal size document box"],"extent_tesim":["1 Cubic Feet 2 legal size document boxes, and 1 half-width legal size document box"],"date_range_isim":[1896,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHerbert Friedman was born in Vienna on December 11, 1924. He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBefore he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDue to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Herbert Friedman was born in Vienna on December 11, 1924. He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna.","Before he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942.","Due to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.","By December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContent Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Content Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eZur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAltneuland The Old New Land\u003c/emph\u003e by Theodor Herzl, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Book of Jewish Thought\u003c/emph\u003e, and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePears Enclyclopaedia \u003c/emph\u003e were catalogued separately.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia.","The Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States.","The collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust.","The collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army.","The collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.","There is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps.","There is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.","The collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books, Zur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah, Altneuland The Old New Land by Theodor Herzl, A Book of Jewish Thought, and Pears Enclyclopaedia  were catalogued separately."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"language_ssim":["English\n      German\n      Hebrew\n      Yiddish\n      French"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":236,"online_item_count_is":224,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:44.527Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c02_c02"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_779_c02_c44","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"You waked me up the darkest night ; The blind child, 1935","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_779_c02_c44#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eMolly Stinett Whitehead, vocals. Performance location: Agricola, Amherst County, Virginia, United States\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_779_c02_c44#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_779_c02_c44","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_779_c02_c44"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_779_c02_c44","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_779","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_779","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_779_c02","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_779_c02","parent_ssim":["Virginia Folklore Society records, 1905/2007","Folk Song recordings"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_779","viu_repositories_3_resources_779_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"You waked me up the darkest night ; The blind child","title_ssm":["You waked me up the darkest night ; The blind child"],"title_tesim":["You waked me up the darkest night ; The blind child"],"normalized_title_ssm":["You waked me up the darkest night ; The blind child, 1935"],"text":["You waked me up the darkest night ; The blind child, 1935","Virginia Folklore Society records, 1905/2007","Folk Song recordings","box 27","Molly Stinett Whitehead, vocals. Performance location: Agricola, Amherst County, Virginia, United States"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Virginia Folklore Society records, 1905/2007","Folk Song recordings"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Virginia Folklore Society records, 1905/2007","Folk Song recordings"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1935"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1935-08-08"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":72,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Folklore Society records, 1905/2007"],"containers_ssim":["box 27"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\": \"You waked me up the darkest night ; The blind child, 1935-08-08\", \"href\": \"http://avalon.lib.virginia.edu/media_objects/7p88cg680\"}"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Boxes 27 and 28 in this series DO NOT circulate."],"date_range_isim":[1935],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMolly Stinett Whitehead, vocals. Performance location: Agricola, Amherst County, Virginia, United States\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Molly Stinett Whitehead, vocals. Performance location: Agricola, Amherst County, Virginia, United States"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#43","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:12.250Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_779","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_779","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_779","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_779","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_779.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/687","title_filing_ssi":"Virginia Folklore Society records","title_ssm":["Virginia Folklore Society records"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Folklore Society records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1905-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1905-2007"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1905/2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Folklore Society records, 1905/2007"],"text":["Virginia Folklore Society records, 1905/2007","MSS 9936","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/779","clippings (information artifacts)","Black-and-white photographs","Notebooks","Boxes 27 and 28 do not circulate.","Arranged into three series: Series 1: Folk Songs; Series 2: Folk Song recordings; Series 3: Accession 2019-0235","The broad outlines of change and growth in the study of folklore/folklife, however, is reflected on a small scale in the history of the Virginia Folklore Society and its three successive, but overlapping periods of development and achievement. These can be defined as: \"The Quest for the Ballad,\" \"The Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. Years,\" and \"Folklore/Folklife: Professionalization of the Discipline.\"","The Quest for the Ballad: This era began with the founding of the Society by C. Alphonso Smith and is identified with his efforts and those of notable collectors, such as John Stone, Alfreda Peel, Martha Davis and Juliet Fauntleroy, as well as other teachers and members of the Virginia State Educational Association. In the first Bulletin of the Society in 1913, Smith made the pursuit of the ballad explicit and primary. Although he expressed interest in other types of folklore and acknowledged that \"[t]he ballad is not the whole of folklore,\" still this and all subsequent volumes of the Bulletin were devoted almost entirely to considerations of the ballad and its collection in Virginia (pp. 1-5).","Under C. Alphonso Smith's guidance as its first President and later as Vice-President and Archivist, early members of the Society concentrated on collecting oral versions of the classic English and Scottish ballads as defined by Francis James Child in his five volumes of The English and Scottish Popular Ballads, published between 1882 and 1898. In the Bulletin for the third annual meeting held November 26, 1915, Smith reported on progress toward the Society's goal of obtaining at least 50 Child ballads in the State and he thanked \"all those who have co-operated with us in the effort made to restore our lyric past, and to make it a part of our lyric present.\"","By 1920, Stone's expansive program had suffered from membership and revenue loss in the wake of World War I. In the Secretary-Treasurer's report for the \"Year Ending November 25, 1920,\" J. B. Ferneyhough noted that after paying $16.80 for paper and printing of the Bulletin, $.65 on envelopes for same, and $1.13 on postage to send them, the Society's balance in the Treasury was $.52. (Report for 1920, Bulletin, No. 8, p. 10). However, the Colonial Dames of America in the State of Virginia took an interest in the Society the following year and supported John Stone's \"ballad tours\" by donating $500 \"for the recapture of these priceless relics of colonial literature scattered through the State.\" The typescript of instructions written by C. Alphonso Smith to John Stone regarding the field work to be carried out with that support, as well as excerpts from Stone's meticulous accounts of expenditures including his final $.25 charge for shoe polish are of some historic interest in the annals of supported folklore research. Needless to say, the Society's Bulletin for 1921 was gratefully dedicated to the Colonial Dames of America.","Two figures, who were important in the later periods of the Society's history, appeared on the scene for the first time at the 10th annual meeting on November 30, 1923, again held at the John Marshall High School in Richmond. One of these persons was Benjamin C. Moomaw, Jr. of Barber, Virginia, who was elected Secretary-Treasurer of the Society.","The second individual was Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. who was, at that time, an Instructor of English at the University of Virginia, where he remained throughout his lifetime. C. Alphonso Smith introduced Davis as the person who will \"publish our findings\" and wrote in the Bulletin that \"I shall turn over all of our ballads to him and he will select, reject, and edit as he thinks best.\" Davis was elected Archivist of the Society at that meeting. (Report for 1923, No. II). In June of 1924, Dr. C. Alphonso Smith died in Annapolis, Maryland. With his passing, the Virginia Folklore Society entered the second and longest phase of its history.","The Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. Years: Meetings of the Society were held intermittently between 1924 and 1967, with both the purpose and organization of the Society becoming less clearly defined and apparent. There were periods of intensive collecting, recording and publishing, alternating with intervals of relative inactivity with regard to folklore.","In 1929, Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. completed his initial work as editor and published 51 ballads collected under the auspices of the Society in Traditional Ballads in Virginia. Later, Davis wrote a series of articles for The University of Virginia News Letter (April 1, 1931; February 1, 1932; November 15, 1934; and March 1, 1935) describing the ongoing efforts of the Society and urging the further collection of ballads and folksongs. And many Society members did continue through time to actively collect folksongs or other folklore materials and to deposit the results in the Society's archive.","Beginning in 1932, Davis recorded 325 aluminum disks of folksongs and ballads, many of which, had been previously collected from informants identified earlier in the Society's history. These recordings, which were made possible by a $1,000 grant to Davis and the Society from the American Council of Learned Societies, are among the earliest field recordings of Anglo-American folksong extant in this country.","In March of 1934 Davis was able to obtain some funding from the Civil Works Administration, one of the Depression-generated New Deal programs. With that assistance he hired John Stone to collect folksongs and Winston Wilkinson to transcribe music. The project only lasted three weeks, but in that short time Stone managed to add another 89 songs to the Society's archive. Davis also was able to employ University of Virginia student and Crozet native, Fred F. Knobloch, in the spring of 1935 through the student-aid provision of another New Deal agency, the Federal Emergency Relief program.","In addition, Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. served at least one term as President of the Southeastern Folklore Society.  Its annual program held at the University of Virginia in April, 1941 included Virginia ballads and folksongs sung by one of Alfreda Peel's informants, Mrs. Texas Gladden of Roanoke County.","In 1949, Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. edited and published Folk-Songs of Virginia: A Descriptive Index and Classification. Otherwise, Society activities appear to have been at their lowest ebb during World War II and for a number of years following. By the mid-1950s, however, Davis, with the help of students George Walton Williams, Matthew Joseph Bruccoli and Paul Clayton Worthington, pursued further collecting possibilities and began efforts to make taped copies of the earlier aluminum disk recordings.","With the assistance of the aforementioned students, Davis also published More Traditional Ballads of Virginia in 1960. In dedicating the book \"To the Memory of C. Alphonso Smith, Martha M. Davis, Juliet Fauntleroy, Alfreda M. Peel, and John Stone\", Davis gave symbolic recognition--even though belated in some cases--to the passage of an age and a generation in the history of both the Society and of ballad collecting in the old style and tradition.","On March 15, 1963, Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. wrote another article for The University of Virginia News Letter titled, \"Folklore in Virginia: Its Collection and Study.\" Perhaps stimulated by the urban folksong revival that was underway nationwide, he stated, \"the time seems ripe to revive the Society and to set its course toward the assembling of the State's miscellaneous folklore.\" This article prompted a considerable response and receipt of folklore collectanea. With that renewed interest, the Society began again to have regular annual meetings in 1967 and folklore materials began coming into the Society's archive in greater volume. Davis had plans to expand Society activities, including the publication of a journal, and he had made preliminary steps in those directions. Those projects were left unrealized when Professor Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. died in September, 1972.","Folklore/Folklife: Professionalization of the Discipline: The third phase of the Virginia Folklore Society's history actually began prior to Davis's death, when the media influence from the urban folksong revival and the development of scholarly programs in Folklore at several universities combined both to attract and create a demand for persons trained in such a discipline. In part in response to those particular circumstances and in part due simply to serendipity, several such newly trained Folklore specialists came to work in Virginia and not unexpectedly, soon became involved with the Virginia Folklore Society. With a Ph.D. from the Folklore Progam at the University of Pennsylvania, Charles L. Perdue, Jr. came to teach Folklore courses in the University of Virginia's English Department in 1971 and later became jointly affiliated with both the English \u0026 Anthropology Departments there. Shortly thereafter J. Roderick Moore, with an M.A. in Folklore Studies from the Cooperstown Program in New York State, began working and teaching first at Mountain Empire Community College in Big Stone Gap, then at the Blue Ridge Institute of Ferrum College in Ferrum, Virginia.","The contact between Perdue, specifically, and Davis at the University with regard to the Society was obviously shortlived. Nevertheless, a collaborative effort to revitalize the Society shortly after Davis's death involved long-time members, Ben C. Moomaw, Jr., President; C. Alphonso Smith, Jr. and Virginia F. Jordan, Vice-Presidents; and Fred F. Knobloch, Secretary-Treasurer; along with Perdue and Moore, their wives Nancy J. Martin-Perdue and Elizabeth Moore, Thomas E. Barden, a former student of Davis's, and many others.","The decision was made to separate the Society from its former association with the Virginia Educational Association and to hold regular, annual meetings, independently, each Fall in Charlottesville, Virginia. These were begun in November, 1974, with occasional Spring meetings held in various regions of the State. In 1979 the Society began publication of an occasional journal, with this being the fourth volume in the series of Folklore and Folklife in Virginia.","In spite of its new face, the reorganized Society retained the stamp of an earlier era, which was manifested to a large degree through the personalities and interests of Ben C. Moomaw, Jr., who continued as president of the Society until his death in 1978, and Fred F. Knobloch, who retired as the Society's secretary-treasurer shortly before his death in 1981.","The changes that have taken place in the Virginia Folklore Society reflect changes that have occurred in the field of Folklore generally, and also in other similar disciplines nationally, since 1913. The expansion of definitions of folklore to include material culture; the establishment of graduate programs in Folklore at Indiana University, the Universities of Pennsylvania, Texas, and California at Los Angeles, and elsewhere; and the movement of folklorists, who were trained in those settings and who thus have a broader view of the discipline, into a wide range of public sector positions have led to a gradual professionalization of the field.","Consistent with those directions, the Society was in recent years directly involved in the creation of the position of Virginia Folklife Coordinator. A proposal to create such a position was submitted by VFS Executive Board members to the National Endowment for the Arts, Folks Arts Program, and the Virginia Commission for the Arts (VCA) in 1988. This venture, which was subsequently funded, was a cooperative one between NEA, VCA, and the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities (VFHPP). The Folklife Coordinator, Garry W. Barrow, hired in 1989 to develop and administer a statewide Virginia Folklife Program, working under the heading of the VFHPP in Charlottesville. Initially, the Virginia Folklore Society Executive Board acted in an advisory capacity to that program, along with representatives from VCA and VFHPP. The fact that the position was called the Virginia Folklife Coordinator was, in itself, a reflection of the changes, already suggested, that had been occurring in the field of folklore/folklore in the late 1960s to 1970s.","Excerpted from http://faculty.virginia.edu/vafolk/archive.htm.","Material transferred from the papers bequeathed to the Library by Arthur Kyle Davis.  By agreement with Charles Perdue, archivist of the Virginia Folklore Society, the material, which was originally collected for the society, is now to become the archives of the Society.  It is not to be withdrawn from the library by the Society.","Virginia Folklore Society records (1913-1967; 22.7 cubic feet) consist chiefly of songs collected by the society's fieldworkers in the 1930s under the direction of society archivist Arthur Kyle Davis.  Sheet music, folklore, newsletters and photographs are also included, as are recordings of many of the songs.","Regarding boxes 6-10 and 21-24: These boxes contain the correspondence of C.A. Smith and Arthur K. Davis dealing primarily with folksong and ballad collecting.  Some of this correspondence is with members of the Virginia Folklore Society and some to miscellaneous individuals who sent in material or had information and/or questions regarding folksongs.","The recordings in this collection include a large collection of the recordings made by A. K. Davis, with the assistance of Fred Knobloch and other Virginia Folklore Society members/collectors on Fairchild aluminum transcription disks.  Davis divided the recordings into four groups: A (12 inch disks), B: (10 inch disks), C: (8 inch disks), D: 6 inch disks).","Please note, there are some song titles and lyrics that contain racially insensitive and/or culturally offensive language. In an effort to represent the resource as accurately as possible, library staff have transcribed the title exactly as it appears on the archival material or object.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Keesee, Abner, 1875-1956","Gladden, Texas, 1895-1966","Barker, Horton, 1889-1973","Morris, Victoria Shifflett","Peel, Alfreda Marion","MacAlexander, Eunice Yeatts, 1909-1990","Sears, Sis, 1888-1960","Hunt, John M., (Singer)","Lee, Charles Irving, 1874-1946","Barnard, Allie Wallace, 1909-2001","Palmer, George William, 1869-1936","Staples, Eleanor Louise, 1922-2012","Bean, Robert Bennett, 1874-1944","Eager, George Boardman, 1847-1929","Davis, Lambert, 1905-1993","Wicks, Carter, 1879-1950","Dold, W. E. (William Elliott)","Bibb, Rosa Lewis, 1906-1992","Hall, George Basil, 1863-1943","Gardner, Lena JoEllen, 1912-2004","Adams, Henry Ward, 1861-1944","Kinnier, Leta Adams, 1912-1963","French, Daisy Mae, 1904-1986","Wilson, Harry M. (Harry Minor), 1893-1981","Davis, Russell, 1904-1944","Ogg, Florence Belle, 1879-1954","Booker, Betty Burwell, 1875-1967","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Folklore Society records, 1905/2007"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Folklore Society records, 1905/2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Series","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 9936","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/779"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 9936","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/779"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Keesee, Abner, 1875-1956","Gladden, Texas, 1895-1966","Barker, Horton, 1889-1973","Morris, Victoria Shifflett","Peel, Alfreda Marion","MacAlexander, Eunice Yeatts, 1909-1990","Sears, Sis, 1888-1960","Hunt, John M., (Singer)","Lee, Charles Irving, 1874-1946","Barnard, Allie Wallace, 1909-2001","Palmer, George William, 1869-1936","Staples, Eleanor Louise, 1922-2012","Bean, Robert Bennett, 1874-1944","Eager, George Boardman, 1847-1929","Davis, Lambert, 1905-1993","Wicks, Carter, 1879-1950","Dold, W. E. (William Elliott)","Bibb, Rosa Lewis, 1906-1992","Hall, George Basil, 1863-1943","Gardner, Lena JoEllen, 1912-2004","Adams, Henry Ward, 1861-1944","Kinnier, Leta Adams, 1912-1963","French, Daisy Mae, 1904-1986","Wilson, Harry M. (Harry Minor), 1893-1981","Davis, Russell, 1904-1944","Ogg, Florence Belle, 1879-1954","Booker, Betty Burwell, 1875-1967"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Keesee, Abner, 1875-1956","Gladden, Texas, 1895-1966","Barker, Horton, 1889-1973","Morris, Victoria Shifflett","Peel, Alfreda Marion","MacAlexander, Eunice Yeatts, 1909-1990","Sears, Sis, 1888-1960","Hunt, John M., (Singer)","Lee, Charles Irving, 1874-1946","Barnard, Allie Wallace, 1909-2001","Palmer, George William, 1869-1936","Staples, Eleanor Louise, 1922-2012","Bean, Robert Bennett, 1874-1944","Eager, George Boardman, 1847-1929","Davis, Lambert, 1905-1993","Wicks, Carter, 1879-1950","Dold, W. E. (William Elliott)","Bibb, Rosa Lewis, 1906-1992","Hall, George Basil, 1863-1943","Gardner, Lena JoEllen, 1912-2004","Adams, Henry Ward, 1861-1944","Kinnier, Leta Adams, 1912-1963","French, Daisy Mae, 1904-1986","Wilson, Harry M. (Harry Minor), 1893-1981","Davis, Russell, 1904-1944","Ogg, Florence Belle, 1879-1954","Booker, Betty Burwell, 1875-1967","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Archival transfer from MSS 9829, the papers of Arthur Kyle Davis, 19 February 1974 comprise series one and two.  Series three, accession number Accession 2019-0235, donated by Marc Charles Perdue and Martin Clay Perdue."],"access_subjects_ssim":["clippings (information artifacts)","Black-and-white photographs","Notebooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["clippings (information artifacts)","Black-and-white photographs","Notebooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["22.7 Cubic Feet 26 document boxes, 10 cubic foot boxes"],"extent_tesim":["22.7 Cubic Feet 26 document boxes, 10 cubic foot boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["clippings (information artifacts)","Black-and-white photographs","Notebooks"],"date_range_isim":[1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBoxes 27 and 28 do not circulate.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Boxes 27 and 28 do not circulate."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into three series: Series 1: Folk Songs; Series 2: Folk Song recordings; Series 3: Accession 2019-0235\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into three series: Series 1: Folk Songs; Series 2: Folk Song recordings; Series 3: Accession 2019-0235"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe broad outlines of change and growth in the study of folklore/folklife, however, is reflected on a small scale in the history of the Virginia Folklore Society and its three successive, but overlapping periods of development and achievement. These can be defined as: \"The Quest for the Ballad,\" \"The Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. Years,\" and \"Folklore/Folklife: Professionalization of the Discipline.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Quest for the Ballad: This era began with the founding of the Society by C. Alphonso Smith and is identified with his efforts and those of notable collectors, such as John Stone, Alfreda Peel, Martha Davis and Juliet Fauntleroy, as well as other teachers and members of the Virginia State Educational Association. In the first Bulletin of the Society in 1913, Smith made the pursuit of the ballad explicit and primary. Although he expressed interest in other types of folklore and acknowledged that \"[t]he ballad is not the whole of folklore,\" still this and all subsequent volumes of the Bulletin were devoted almost entirely to considerations of the ballad and its collection in Virginia (pp. 1-5). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnder C. Alphonso Smith's guidance as its first President and later as Vice-President and Archivist, early members of the Society concentrated on collecting oral versions of the classic English and Scottish ballads as defined by Francis James Child in his five volumes of The English and Scottish Popular Ballads, published between 1882 and 1898. In the Bulletin for the third annual meeting held November 26, 1915, Smith reported on progress toward the Society's goal of obtaining at least 50 Child ballads in the State and he thanked \"all those who have co-operated with us in the effort made to restore our lyric past, and to make it a part of our lyric present.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1920, Stone's expansive program had suffered from membership and revenue loss in the wake of World War I. In the Secretary-Treasurer's report for the \"Year Ending November 25, 1920,\" J. B. Ferneyhough noted that after paying $16.80 for paper and printing of the Bulletin, $.65 on envelopes for same, and $1.13 on postage to send them, the Society's balance in the Treasury was $.52. (Report for 1920, Bulletin, No. 8, p. 10). However, the Colonial Dames of America in the State of Virginia took an interest in the Society the following year and supported John Stone's \"ballad tours\" by donating $500 \"for the recapture of these priceless relics of colonial literature scattered through the State.\" The typescript of instructions written by C. Alphonso Smith to John Stone regarding the field work to be carried out with that support, as well as excerpts from Stone's meticulous accounts of expenditures including his final $.25 charge for shoe polish are of some historic interest in the annals of supported folklore research. Needless to say, the Society's Bulletin for 1921 was gratefully dedicated to the Colonial Dames of America. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo figures, who were important in the later periods of the Society's history, appeared on the scene for the first time at the 10th annual meeting on November 30, 1923, again held at the John Marshall High School in Richmond. One of these persons was Benjamin C. Moomaw, Jr. of Barber, Virginia, who was elected Secretary-Treasurer of the Society. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second individual was Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. who was, at that time, an Instructor of English at the University of Virginia, where he remained throughout his lifetime. C. Alphonso Smith introduced Davis as the person who will \"publish our findings\" and wrote in the Bulletin that \"I shall turn over all of our ballads to him and he will select, reject, and edit as he thinks best.\" Davis was elected Archivist of the Society at that meeting. (Report for 1923, No. II). In June of 1924, Dr. C. Alphonso Smith died in Annapolis, Maryland. With his passing, the Virginia Folklore Society entered the second and longest phase of its history. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. Years: Meetings of the Society were held intermittently between 1924 and 1967, with both the purpose and organization of the Society becoming less clearly defined and apparent. There were periods of intensive collecting, recording and publishing, alternating with intervals of relative inactivity with regard to folklore. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1929, Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. completed his initial work as editor and published 51 ballads collected under the auspices of the Society in Traditional Ballads in Virginia. Later, Davis wrote a series of articles for The University of Virginia News Letter (April 1, 1931; February 1, 1932; November 15, 1934; and March 1, 1935) describing the ongoing efforts of the Society and urging the further collection of ballads and folksongs. And many Society members did continue through time to actively collect folksongs or other folklore materials and to deposit the results in the Society's archive. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBeginning in 1932, Davis recorded 325 aluminum disks of folksongs and ballads, many of which, had been previously collected from informants identified earlier in the Society's history. These recordings, which were made possible by a $1,000 grant to Davis and the Society from the American Council of Learned Societies, are among the earliest field recordings of Anglo-American folksong extant in this country. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March of 1934 Davis was able to obtain some funding from the Civil Works Administration, one of the Depression-generated New Deal programs. With that assistance he hired John Stone to collect folksongs and Winston Wilkinson to transcribe music. The project only lasted three weeks, but in that short time Stone managed to add another 89 songs to the Society's archive. Davis also was able to employ University of Virginia student and Crozet native, Fred F. Knobloch, in the spring of 1935 through the student-aid provision of another New Deal agency, the Federal Emergency Relief program. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition, Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. served at least one term as President of the Southeastern Folklore Society.  Its annual program held at the University of Virginia in April, 1941 included Virginia ballads and folksongs sung by one of Alfreda Peel's informants, Mrs. Texas Gladden of Roanoke County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1949, Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. edited and published Folk-Songs of Virginia: A Descriptive Index and Classification. Otherwise, Society activities appear to have been at their lowest ebb during World War II and for a number of years following. By the mid-1950s, however, Davis, with the help of students George Walton Williams, Matthew Joseph Bruccoli and Paul Clayton Worthington, pursued further collecting possibilities and began efforts to make taped copies of the earlier aluminum disk recordings. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith the assistance of the aforementioned students, Davis also published More Traditional Ballads of Virginia in 1960. In dedicating the book \"To the Memory of C. Alphonso Smith, Martha M. Davis, Juliet Fauntleroy, Alfreda M. Peel, and John Stone\", Davis gave symbolic recognition--even though belated in some cases--to the passage of an age and a generation in the history of both the Society and of ballad collecting in the old style and tradition. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn March 15, 1963, Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. wrote another article for The University of Virginia News Letter titled, \"Folklore in Virginia: Its Collection and Study.\" Perhaps stimulated by the urban folksong revival that was underway nationwide, he stated, \"the time seems ripe to revive the Society and to set its course toward the assembling of the State's miscellaneous folklore.\" This article prompted a considerable response and receipt of folklore collectanea. With that renewed interest, the Society began again to have regular annual meetings in 1967 and folklore materials began coming into the Society's archive in greater volume. Davis had plans to expand Society activities, including the publication of a journal, and he had made preliminary steps in those directions. Those projects were left unrealized when Professor Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. died in September, 1972. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolklore/Folklife: Professionalization of the Discipline: The third phase of the Virginia Folklore Society's history actually began prior to Davis's death, when the media influence from the urban folksong revival and the development of scholarly programs in Folklore at several universities combined both to attract and create a demand for persons trained in such a discipline. In part in response to those particular circumstances and in part due simply to serendipity, several such newly trained Folklore specialists came to work in Virginia and not unexpectedly, soon became involved with the Virginia Folklore Society. With a Ph.D. from the Folklore Progam at the University of Pennsylvania, Charles L. Perdue, Jr. came to teach Folklore courses in the University of Virginia's English Department in 1971 and later became jointly affiliated with both the English \u0026amp; Anthropology Departments there. Shortly thereafter J. Roderick Moore, with an M.A. in Folklore Studies from the Cooperstown Program in New York State, began working and teaching first at Mountain Empire Community College in Big Stone Gap, then at the Blue Ridge Institute of Ferrum College in Ferrum, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe contact between Perdue, specifically, and Davis at the University with regard to the Society was obviously shortlived. Nevertheless, a collaborative effort to revitalize the Society shortly after Davis's death involved long-time members, Ben C. Moomaw, Jr., President; C. Alphonso Smith, Jr. and Virginia F. Jordan, Vice-Presidents; and Fred F. Knobloch, Secretary-Treasurer; along with Perdue and Moore, their wives Nancy J. Martin-Perdue and Elizabeth Moore, Thomas E. Barden, a former student of Davis's, and many others. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe decision was made to separate the Society from its former association with the Virginia Educational Association and to hold regular, annual meetings, independently, each Fall in Charlottesville, Virginia. These were begun in November, 1974, with occasional Spring meetings held in various regions of the State. In 1979 the Society began publication of an occasional journal, with this being the fourth volume in the series of Folklore and Folklife in Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn spite of its new face, the reorganized Society retained the stamp of an earlier era, which was manifested to a large degree through the personalities and interests of Ben C. Moomaw, Jr., who continued as president of the Society until his death in 1978, and Fred F. Knobloch, who retired as the Society's secretary-treasurer shortly before his death in 1981. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe changes that have taken place in the Virginia Folklore Society reflect changes that have occurred in the field of Folklore generally, and also in other similar disciplines nationally, since 1913. The expansion of definitions of folklore to include material culture; the establishment of graduate programs in Folklore at Indiana University, the Universities of Pennsylvania, Texas, and California at Los Angeles, and elsewhere; and the movement of folklorists, who were trained in those settings and who thus have a broader view of the discipline, into a wide range of public sector positions have led to a gradual professionalization of the field. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsistent with those directions, the Society was in recent years directly involved in the creation of the position of Virginia Folklife Coordinator. A proposal to create such a position was submitted by VFS Executive Board members to the National Endowment for the Arts, Folks Arts Program, and the Virginia Commission for the Arts (VCA) in 1988. This venture, which was subsequently funded, was a cooperative one between NEA, VCA, and the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities (VFHPP). The Folklife Coordinator, Garry W. Barrow, hired in 1989 to develop and administer a statewide Virginia Folklife Program, working under the heading of the VFHPP in Charlottesville. Initially, the Virginia Folklore Society Executive Board acted in an advisory capacity to that program, along with representatives from VCA and VFHPP. The fact that the position was called the Virginia Folklife Coordinator was, in itself, a reflection of the changes, already suggested, that had been occurring in the field of folklore/folklore in the late 1960s to 1970s. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExcerpted from http://faculty.virginia.edu/vafolk/archive.htm. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The broad outlines of change and growth in the study of folklore/folklife, however, is reflected on a small scale in the history of the Virginia Folklore Society and its three successive, but overlapping periods of development and achievement. These can be defined as: \"The Quest for the Ballad,\" \"The Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. Years,\" and \"Folklore/Folklife: Professionalization of the Discipline.\"","The Quest for the Ballad: This era began with the founding of the Society by C. Alphonso Smith and is identified with his efforts and those of notable collectors, such as John Stone, Alfreda Peel, Martha Davis and Juliet Fauntleroy, as well as other teachers and members of the Virginia State Educational Association. In the first Bulletin of the Society in 1913, Smith made the pursuit of the ballad explicit and primary. Although he expressed interest in other types of folklore and acknowledged that \"[t]he ballad is not the whole of folklore,\" still this and all subsequent volumes of the Bulletin were devoted almost entirely to considerations of the ballad and its collection in Virginia (pp. 1-5).","Under C. Alphonso Smith's guidance as its first President and later as Vice-President and Archivist, early members of the Society concentrated on collecting oral versions of the classic English and Scottish ballads as defined by Francis James Child in his five volumes of The English and Scottish Popular Ballads, published between 1882 and 1898. In the Bulletin for the third annual meeting held November 26, 1915, Smith reported on progress toward the Society's goal of obtaining at least 50 Child ballads in the State and he thanked \"all those who have co-operated with us in the effort made to restore our lyric past, and to make it a part of our lyric present.\"","By 1920, Stone's expansive program had suffered from membership and revenue loss in the wake of World War I. In the Secretary-Treasurer's report for the \"Year Ending November 25, 1920,\" J. B. Ferneyhough noted that after paying $16.80 for paper and printing of the Bulletin, $.65 on envelopes for same, and $1.13 on postage to send them, the Society's balance in the Treasury was $.52. (Report for 1920, Bulletin, No. 8, p. 10). However, the Colonial Dames of America in the State of Virginia took an interest in the Society the following year and supported John Stone's \"ballad tours\" by donating $500 \"for the recapture of these priceless relics of colonial literature scattered through the State.\" The typescript of instructions written by C. Alphonso Smith to John Stone regarding the field work to be carried out with that support, as well as excerpts from Stone's meticulous accounts of expenditures including his final $.25 charge for shoe polish are of some historic interest in the annals of supported folklore research. Needless to say, the Society's Bulletin for 1921 was gratefully dedicated to the Colonial Dames of America.","Two figures, who were important in the later periods of the Society's history, appeared on the scene for the first time at the 10th annual meeting on November 30, 1923, again held at the John Marshall High School in Richmond. One of these persons was Benjamin C. Moomaw, Jr. of Barber, Virginia, who was elected Secretary-Treasurer of the Society.","The second individual was Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. who was, at that time, an Instructor of English at the University of Virginia, where he remained throughout his lifetime. C. Alphonso Smith introduced Davis as the person who will \"publish our findings\" and wrote in the Bulletin that \"I shall turn over all of our ballads to him and he will select, reject, and edit as he thinks best.\" Davis was elected Archivist of the Society at that meeting. (Report for 1923, No. II). In June of 1924, Dr. C. Alphonso Smith died in Annapolis, Maryland. With his passing, the Virginia Folklore Society entered the second and longest phase of its history.","The Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. Years: Meetings of the Society were held intermittently between 1924 and 1967, with both the purpose and organization of the Society becoming less clearly defined and apparent. There were periods of intensive collecting, recording and publishing, alternating with intervals of relative inactivity with regard to folklore.","In 1929, Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. completed his initial work as editor and published 51 ballads collected under the auspices of the Society in Traditional Ballads in Virginia. Later, Davis wrote a series of articles for The University of Virginia News Letter (April 1, 1931; February 1, 1932; November 15, 1934; and March 1, 1935) describing the ongoing efforts of the Society and urging the further collection of ballads and folksongs. And many Society members did continue through time to actively collect folksongs or other folklore materials and to deposit the results in the Society's archive.","Beginning in 1932, Davis recorded 325 aluminum disks of folksongs and ballads, many of which, had been previously collected from informants identified earlier in the Society's history. These recordings, which were made possible by a $1,000 grant to Davis and the Society from the American Council of Learned Societies, are among the earliest field recordings of Anglo-American folksong extant in this country.","In March of 1934 Davis was able to obtain some funding from the Civil Works Administration, one of the Depression-generated New Deal programs. With that assistance he hired John Stone to collect folksongs and Winston Wilkinson to transcribe music. The project only lasted three weeks, but in that short time Stone managed to add another 89 songs to the Society's archive. Davis also was able to employ University of Virginia student and Crozet native, Fred F. Knobloch, in the spring of 1935 through the student-aid provision of another New Deal agency, the Federal Emergency Relief program.","In addition, Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. served at least one term as President of the Southeastern Folklore Society.  Its annual program held at the University of Virginia in April, 1941 included Virginia ballads and folksongs sung by one of Alfreda Peel's informants, Mrs. Texas Gladden of Roanoke County.","In 1949, Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. edited and published Folk-Songs of Virginia: A Descriptive Index and Classification. Otherwise, Society activities appear to have been at their lowest ebb during World War II and for a number of years following. By the mid-1950s, however, Davis, with the help of students George Walton Williams, Matthew Joseph Bruccoli and Paul Clayton Worthington, pursued further collecting possibilities and began efforts to make taped copies of the earlier aluminum disk recordings.","With the assistance of the aforementioned students, Davis also published More Traditional Ballads of Virginia in 1960. In dedicating the book \"To the Memory of C. Alphonso Smith, Martha M. Davis, Juliet Fauntleroy, Alfreda M. Peel, and John Stone\", Davis gave symbolic recognition--even though belated in some cases--to the passage of an age and a generation in the history of both the Society and of ballad collecting in the old style and tradition.","On March 15, 1963, Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. wrote another article for The University of Virginia News Letter titled, \"Folklore in Virginia: Its Collection and Study.\" Perhaps stimulated by the urban folksong revival that was underway nationwide, he stated, \"the time seems ripe to revive the Society and to set its course toward the assembling of the State's miscellaneous folklore.\" This article prompted a considerable response and receipt of folklore collectanea. With that renewed interest, the Society began again to have regular annual meetings in 1967 and folklore materials began coming into the Society's archive in greater volume. Davis had plans to expand Society activities, including the publication of a journal, and he had made preliminary steps in those directions. Those projects were left unrealized when Professor Arthur Kyle Davis, Jr. died in September, 1972.","Folklore/Folklife: Professionalization of the Discipline: The third phase of the Virginia Folklore Society's history actually began prior to Davis's death, when the media influence from the urban folksong revival and the development of scholarly programs in Folklore at several universities combined both to attract and create a demand for persons trained in such a discipline. In part in response to those particular circumstances and in part due simply to serendipity, several such newly trained Folklore specialists came to work in Virginia and not unexpectedly, soon became involved with the Virginia Folklore Society. With a Ph.D. from the Folklore Progam at the University of Pennsylvania, Charles L. Perdue, Jr. came to teach Folklore courses in the University of Virginia's English Department in 1971 and later became jointly affiliated with both the English \u0026 Anthropology Departments there. Shortly thereafter J. Roderick Moore, with an M.A. in Folklore Studies from the Cooperstown Program in New York State, began working and teaching first at Mountain Empire Community College in Big Stone Gap, then at the Blue Ridge Institute of Ferrum College in Ferrum, Virginia.","The contact between Perdue, specifically, and Davis at the University with regard to the Society was obviously shortlived. Nevertheless, a collaborative effort to revitalize the Society shortly after Davis's death involved long-time members, Ben C. Moomaw, Jr., President; C. Alphonso Smith, Jr. and Virginia F. Jordan, Vice-Presidents; and Fred F. Knobloch, Secretary-Treasurer; along with Perdue and Moore, their wives Nancy J. Martin-Perdue and Elizabeth Moore, Thomas E. Barden, a former student of Davis's, and many others.","The decision was made to separate the Society from its former association with the Virginia Educational Association and to hold regular, annual meetings, independently, each Fall in Charlottesville, Virginia. These were begun in November, 1974, with occasional Spring meetings held in various regions of the State. In 1979 the Society began publication of an occasional journal, with this being the fourth volume in the series of Folklore and Folklife in Virginia.","In spite of its new face, the reorganized Society retained the stamp of an earlier era, which was manifested to a large degree through the personalities and interests of Ben C. Moomaw, Jr., who continued as president of the Society until his death in 1978, and Fred F. Knobloch, who retired as the Society's secretary-treasurer shortly before his death in 1981.","The changes that have taken place in the Virginia Folklore Society reflect changes that have occurred in the field of Folklore generally, and also in other similar disciplines nationally, since 1913. The expansion of definitions of folklore to include material culture; the establishment of graduate programs in Folklore at Indiana University, the Universities of Pennsylvania, Texas, and California at Los Angeles, and elsewhere; and the movement of folklorists, who were trained in those settings and who thus have a broader view of the discipline, into a wide range of public sector positions have led to a gradual professionalization of the field.","Consistent with those directions, the Society was in recent years directly involved in the creation of the position of Virginia Folklife Coordinator. A proposal to create such a position was submitted by VFS Executive Board members to the National Endowment for the Arts, Folks Arts Program, and the Virginia Commission for the Arts (VCA) in 1988. This venture, which was subsequently funded, was a cooperative one between NEA, VCA, and the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities (VFHPP). The Folklife Coordinator, Garry W. Barrow, hired in 1989 to develop and administer a statewide Virginia Folklife Program, working under the heading of the VFHPP in Charlottesville. Initially, the Virginia Folklore Society Executive Board acted in an advisory capacity to that program, along with representatives from VCA and VFHPP. The fact that the position was called the Virginia Folklife Coordinator was, in itself, a reflection of the changes, already suggested, that had been occurring in the field of folklore/folklore in the late 1960s to 1970s.","Excerpted from http://faculty.virginia.edu/vafolk/archive.htm."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterial transferred from the papers bequeathed to the Library by Arthur Kyle Davis.  By agreement with Charles Perdue, archivist of the Virginia Folklore Society, the material, which was originally collected for the society, is now to become the archives of the Society.  It is not to be withdrawn from the library by the Society.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Material transferred from the papers bequeathed to the Library by Arthur Kyle Davis.  By agreement with Charles Perdue, archivist of the Virginia Folklore Society, the material, which was originally collected for the society, is now to become the archives of the Society.  It is not to be withdrawn from the library by the Society."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Folklore Society records (1913-1967; 22.7 cubic feet) consist chiefly of songs collected by the society's fieldworkers in the 1930s under the direction of society archivist Arthur Kyle Davis.  Sheet music, folklore, newsletters and photographs are also included, as are recordings of many of the songs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegarding boxes 6-10 and 21-24: These boxes contain the correspondence of C.A. Smith and Arthur K. Davis dealing primarily with folksong and ballad collecting.  Some of this correspondence is with members of the Virginia Folklore Society and some to miscellaneous individuals who sent in material or had information and/or questions regarding folksongs. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe recordings in this collection include a large collection of the recordings made by A. K. Davis, with the assistance of Fred Knobloch and other Virginia Folklore Society members/collectors on Fairchild aluminum transcription disks.  Davis divided the recordings into four groups: A (12 inch disks), B: (10 inch disks), C: (8 inch disks), D: 6 inch disks).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease note, there are some song titles and lyrics that contain racially insensitive and/or culturally offensive language. In an effort to represent the resource as accurately as possible, library staff have transcribed the title exactly as it appears on the archival material or object.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Virginia Folklore Society records (1913-1967; 22.7 cubic feet) consist chiefly of songs collected by the society's fieldworkers in the 1930s under the direction of society archivist Arthur Kyle Davis.  Sheet music, folklore, newsletters and photographs are also included, as are recordings of many of the songs.","Regarding boxes 6-10 and 21-24: These boxes contain the correspondence of C.A. Smith and Arthur K. Davis dealing primarily with folksong and ballad collecting.  Some of this correspondence is with members of the Virginia Folklore Society and some to miscellaneous individuals who sent in material or had information and/or questions regarding folksongs.","The recordings in this collection include a large collection of the recordings made by A. K. Davis, with the assistance of Fred Knobloch and other Virginia Folklore Society members/collectors on Fairchild aluminum transcription disks.  Davis divided the recordings into four groups: A (12 inch disks), B: (10 inch disks), C: (8 inch disks), D: 6 inch disks).","Please note, there are some song titles and lyrics that contain racially insensitive and/or culturally offensive language. 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