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Nau III Civil War History Collection","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_941#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe John L. 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Nau III Civil War History Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1806-1988","1861-1865"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1861-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1806-1988"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16459","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous 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Nau III Civil War History Collection","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","letters (correspondence)","Photograph albums","photographs","newspapers","Good.","The collection is open for research.","The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988; bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) has been arranged into five series, Series 1: Materials Related to the Civil War Experiences of Soldiers, Officers, and Civilians (1806-1988; approx. 83 cubic feet); Series 2: Photographs and Prints (circa 1848-1939; approx. 34 cubic feet); Series 3: Government Military Records (1855-1913; approx. 9 cubic feet); Series 4: Currency (1839-1875; approx. 1.5 cubic feet); and Series 5: Newspapers and Print Materials (1846-1913; approx. 5.25 cubic feet).","The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection contains offensive or harmful language and imagery. This includes—but is not limited to—correspondence and diary entries that express racist views; photographs of enslaved people forced into inhumane conditions by enslavers; descriptions of violence and battle experiences; photographs of deceased soldiers; and correspondence containing explicit descriptions of sex. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","The donor's accession numbering system has been preserved to maintain access to collection metadata or descriptive information. Each file title in this finding aid includes the donor accession number at the end of the title and each corresponding physical folder or item is also labeled with the donor accession number. ","Donor accession numbers are comprised of letters denoting document or photograph format followed by a four-digit number that denotes the number of the accession. The following examples can be found in the collection: DA0001 (meaning document - autograph), DC0001.001 (document - currency), DL0001 (document - letter), DN0003 (document - newspaper), DOR0001 (document - order), DOT0001 (document - other), DR0002 (document - requisition), PA0184 (photograph - ambrotype), PC0200 (photograph - carte de visite), PD0007 (photograph - daguerreotype), POT0012 (photograph - other), and PT0003 (photograph - tintype).","These donor accession numbers can be used to search the donation listing spreadsheet for corresponding metadata. This spreadsheet is available to download directly from the finding aid below, under External Documents.","About External Document MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Donation Listing (View and Download Below)","Upon accession of the John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, the donor provided a spreadsheet donation listing containing metadata and sellers' descriptions associated with collection materials. The spreadsheet can be downloaded below, under the External Documents heading.","Please note that many descriptions contained in this spreadsheet are drawn from sellers' language used by dealers and auction houses and contain biased and qualitative descriptions. In addition, many descriptions contain offensive, racist, and archaic language, some quoted directly from collection materials (also see the above Content Warning). ","Please also note there may be some materials listed in the donor spreadsheet that are not present in the collection. The Small Library's finding aid is the definitive listing of materials available to researchers.","Suggestions for Using the Donation Listing Spreadsheet","Materials found in the finding aid can be identified in the spreadsheet using the keyboard shortcut Control + F. If searching for materials discovered in the finding aid, it is recommended to search using donor accession numbers. (For more on this, see the above note on Alphanumeric Designations). ","Please note that the spreadsheet does not contain additional descriptive information for all materials listed in the finding aid.","Researchers can use the spreadsheet to explore the collection in many ways, including the following: ","- To conduct subject-based searches (e.g., regiments, battles, and military functions, and experiences such as sickness).","- To identify photographs of women, Black soldiers, and Native American soldiers.","- To identify correspondence in Series 1 authored by women and contained within personal papers attributed to men. Series 1 contains a significant amount of correspondence written by women to male relatives and friends. An example includes the many letters written by Mary Stanton to her husband Courtland Stanton, which are found with the Courtland Stanton (DL0011) papers. Another example are the letters of Lucy Britton and Martha Britton found with the Britton Family (DL0100) papers.","- To distinguish between duplicate titles and donor accession numbers in Series 1. Secondary collections such as the papers of Amos Garrison (DL0068) and Albert R. Whitney (DL0269) contain duplicate file titles, and descriptions in the spreadsheet may allow researchers to learn more about the exact nature of the materials they contain.","- To distinguish between portraits of unknown subjects in Series 2. Searching for a particular portrait of an unknown subject using the donor accession number may provide researchers with a description of the portrait, including details such as uniform and rank of the subject.","About External Documents MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Transcripts (View and Download Below)","Transcript files are titled by donor accession number. (See above note titled Alphanumeric Designations).","Please be aware that these transcripts may contain mistakes. They are not intended to be a replacement for the original materials or their digital surrogates.","The Nau Collection was processed from October 2021 to March 2023. Because it is an artificial collection with no original order, it was arranged into series to emphasize the provenance of collection materials and to restore materials attributed to or associated with the same individual. Provenance was determined by the archival materials themselves as well as by donor metadata. Additional resources consulted during processing included The National Park Service's online  Civil War Soldiers and Sailors Database  (https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/soldiers-and-sailors-database.htm); Grover C. Criswell and Clarence L. Criswell's  Confederate and Southern State Currency , vol. 1, (Pass-A-Grille, Florida: Criswell's Publications, 1957); John H. Eicher and David J. Eicher's  Civil War High Commands  (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2001); and the Library of Congress's online newspapers database (https://www.loc.gov/newspapers/).","Efforts were made to restore materials to record creators and keep these materials together. However, there are some exceptions, particularly in relation to high-profile historical figures. For example, materials relating to Robert E. Lee and William Tecumseh Sherman can be found in Series 1, 2, and 3. ","File titles have been devised by the archivist and each contains a donor accession number (see note titled Alphanumeric Designations). Wherever possible or applicable, titles attributed to materials by record creators are included. ","The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988, bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) contains Civil War-era correspondence, service records, pension records, artifacts, photographs, military records (including orders, requisitions, and correspondence), currency, newspapers, and other print materials. ","The collection primarily contains the correspondence, records, and photographs of white soldiers and officers who fought in the Civil War, including white officers serving in the United States Colored Troops (USCT). Additionally, the collection includes some correspondence and portraits of white women as well as a small number of portraits of Black soldiers (including PT0322, a family portrait, and a young Ben Brown, PC0836.0001) and Native American soldiers (including Frederick L. Rainbow, PT0424.0001). ","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection is predominantly in English. A small number of materials are in Spanish, French, Swedish, and German, and this is indicated at the file level."],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16459","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/941"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection"],"collection_ssim":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"geogname_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"places_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection was acquired and donated by John L. Nau III. It was accessioned by the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library on September 3, 2019 (2019-0149) and in an additional accession in October 2019 (2019-0231)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","Photograph albums","photographs","newspapers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["letters (correspondence)","Photograph albums","photographs","newspapers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good."],"extent_ssm":["133 Cubic Feet 255 boxes; 9 framed items"],"extent_tesim":["133 Cubic Feet 255 boxes; 9 framed items"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","Photograph albums","photographs","newspapers"],"date_range_isim":[1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988; bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) has been arranged into five series, Series 1: Materials Related to the Civil War Experiences of Soldiers, Officers, and Civilians (1806-1988; approx. 83 cubic feet); Series 2: Photographs and Prints (circa 1848-1939; approx. 34 cubic feet); Series 3: Government Military Records (1855-1913; approx. 9 cubic feet); Series 4: Currency (1839-1875; approx. 1.5 cubic feet); and Series 5: Newspapers and Print Materials (1846-1913; approx. 5.25 cubic feet).\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988; bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) has been arranged into five series, Series 1: Materials Related to the Civil War Experiences of Soldiers, Officers, and Civilians (1806-1988; approx. 83 cubic feet); Series 2: Photographs and Prints (circa 1848-1939; approx. 34 cubic feet); Series 3: Government Military Records (1855-1913; approx. 9 cubic feet); Series 4: Currency (1839-1875; approx. 1.5 cubic feet); and Series 5: Newspapers and Print Materials (1846-1913; approx. 5.25 cubic feet)."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection contains offensive or harmful language and imagery. This includes—but is not limited to—correspondence and diary entries that express racist views; photographs of enslaved people forced into inhumane conditions by enslavers; descriptions of violence and battle experiences; photographs of deceased soldiers; and correspondence containing explicit descriptions of sex. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe donor's accession numbering system has been preserved to maintain access to collection metadata or descriptive information. Each file title in this finding aid includes the donor accession number at the end of the title and each corresponding physical folder or item is also labeled with the donor accession number. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDonor accession numbers are comprised of letters denoting document or photograph format followed by a four-digit number that denotes the number of the accession. The following examples can be found in the collection: DA0001 (meaning document - autograph), DC0001.001 (document - currency), DL0001 (document - letter), DN0003 (document - newspaper), DOR0001 (document - order), DOT0001 (document - other), DR0002 (document - requisition), PA0184 (photograph - ambrotype), PC0200 (photograph - carte de visite), PD0007 (photograph - daguerreotype), POT0012 (photograph - other), and PT0003 (photograph - tintype).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThese donor accession numbers can be used to search the donation listing spreadsheet for corresponding metadata. This spreadsheet is available to download directly from the finding aid below, under External Documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eAbout External Document MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Donation Listing (View and Download Below)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUpon accession of the John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, the donor provided a spreadsheet donation listing containing metadata and sellers' descriptions associated with collection materials. The spreadsheet can be downloaded below, under the External Documents heading.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease note that many descriptions contained in this spreadsheet are drawn from sellers' language used by dealers and auction houses and contain biased and qualitative descriptions. In addition, many descriptions contain offensive, racist, and archaic language, some quoted directly from collection materials (also see the above Content Warning). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease also note there may be some materials listed in the donor spreadsheet that are not present in the collection. The Small Library's finding aid is the definitive listing of materials available to researchers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSuggestions for Using the Donation Listing Spreadsheet\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials found in the finding aid can be identified in the spreadsheet using the keyboard shortcut Control + F. If searching for materials discovered in the finding aid, it is recommended to search using donor accession numbers. (For more on this, see the above note on Alphanumeric Designations). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease note that the spreadsheet does not contain additional descriptive information for all materials listed in the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers can use the spreadsheet to explore the collection in many ways, including the following: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e- To conduct subject-based searches (e.g., regiments, battles, and military functions, and experiences such as sickness).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e- To identify photographs of women, Black soldiers, and Native American soldiers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e- To identify correspondence in Series 1 authored by women and contained within personal papers attributed to men. Series 1 contains a significant amount of correspondence written by women to male relatives and friends. An example includes the many letters written by Mary Stanton to her husband Courtland Stanton, which are found with the Courtland Stanton (DL0011) papers. Another example are the letters of Lucy Britton and Martha Britton found with the Britton Family (DL0100) papers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e- To distinguish between duplicate titles and donor accession numbers in Series 1. Secondary collections such as the papers of Amos Garrison (DL0068) and Albert R. Whitney (DL0269) contain duplicate file titles, and descriptions in the spreadsheet may allow researchers to learn more about the exact nature of the materials they contain.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e- To distinguish between portraits of unknown subjects in Series 2. Searching for a particular portrait of an unknown subject using the donor accession number may provide researchers with a description of the portrait, including details such as uniform and rank of the subject.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eAbout External Documents MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Transcripts (View and Download Below)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTranscript files are titled by donor accession number. (See above note titled Alphanumeric Designations).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease be aware that these transcripts may contain mistakes. They are not intended to be a replacement for the original materials or their digital surrogates.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning","Alphanumeric Designations","Important Information about External Documents"],"odd_tesim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection contains offensive or harmful language and imagery. This includes—but is not limited to—correspondence and diary entries that express racist views; photographs of enslaved people forced into inhumane conditions by enslavers; descriptions of violence and battle experiences; photographs of deceased soldiers; and correspondence containing explicit descriptions of sex. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","The donor's accession numbering system has been preserved to maintain access to collection metadata or descriptive information. Each file title in this finding aid includes the donor accession number at the end of the title and each corresponding physical folder or item is also labeled with the donor accession number. ","Donor accession numbers are comprised of letters denoting document or photograph format followed by a four-digit number that denotes the number of the accession. The following examples can be found in the collection: DA0001 (meaning document - autograph), DC0001.001 (document - currency), DL0001 (document - letter), DN0003 (document - newspaper), DOR0001 (document - order), DOT0001 (document - other), DR0002 (document - requisition), PA0184 (photograph - ambrotype), PC0200 (photograph - carte de visite), PD0007 (photograph - daguerreotype), POT0012 (photograph - other), and PT0003 (photograph - tintype).","These donor accession numbers can be used to search the donation listing spreadsheet for corresponding metadata. This spreadsheet is available to download directly from the finding aid below, under External Documents.","About External Document MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Donation Listing (View and Download Below)","Upon accession of the John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, the donor provided a spreadsheet donation listing containing metadata and sellers' descriptions associated with collection materials. The spreadsheet can be downloaded below, under the External Documents heading.","Please note that many descriptions contained in this spreadsheet are drawn from sellers' language used by dealers and auction houses and contain biased and qualitative descriptions. In addition, many descriptions contain offensive, racist, and archaic language, some quoted directly from collection materials (also see the above Content Warning). ","Please also note there may be some materials listed in the donor spreadsheet that are not present in the collection. The Small Library's finding aid is the definitive listing of materials available to researchers.","Suggestions for Using the Donation Listing Spreadsheet","Materials found in the finding aid can be identified in the spreadsheet using the keyboard shortcut Control + F. If searching for materials discovered in the finding aid, it is recommended to search using donor accession numbers. (For more on this, see the above note on Alphanumeric Designations). ","Please note that the spreadsheet does not contain additional descriptive information for all materials listed in the finding aid.","Researchers can use the spreadsheet to explore the collection in many ways, including the following: ","- To conduct subject-based searches (e.g., regiments, battles, and military functions, and experiences such as sickness).","- To identify photographs of women, Black soldiers, and Native American soldiers.","- To identify correspondence in Series 1 authored by women and contained within personal papers attributed to men. Series 1 contains a significant amount of correspondence written by women to male relatives and friends. An example includes the many letters written by Mary Stanton to her husband Courtland Stanton, which are found with the Courtland Stanton (DL0011) papers. Another example are the letters of Lucy Britton and Martha Britton found with the Britton Family (DL0100) papers.","- To distinguish between duplicate titles and donor accession numbers in Series 1. Secondary collections such as the papers of Amos Garrison (DL0068) and Albert R. Whitney (DL0269) contain duplicate file titles, and descriptions in the spreadsheet may allow researchers to learn more about the exact nature of the materials they contain.","- To distinguish between portraits of unknown subjects in Series 2. Searching for a particular portrait of an unknown subject using the donor accession number may provide researchers with a description of the portrait, including details such as uniform and rank of the subject.","About External Documents MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Transcripts (View and Download Below)","Transcript files are titled by donor accession number. (See above note titled Alphanumeric Designations).","Please be aware that these transcripts may contain mistakes. They are not intended to be a replacement for the original materials or their digital surrogates."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, MSS 16459, box number, [if applicable] folder number, donor accession number, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, MSS 16459, box number, [if applicable] folder number, donor accession number, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Nau Collection was processed from October 2021 to March 2023. Because it is an artificial collection with no original order, it was arranged into series to emphasize the provenance of collection materials and to restore materials attributed to or associated with the same individual. Provenance was determined by the archival materials themselves as well as by donor metadata. Additional resources consulted during processing included The National Park Service's online \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCivil War Soldiers and Sailors Database\u003c/emph\u003e (https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/soldiers-and-sailors-database.htm); Grover C. Criswell and Clarence L. Criswell's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eConfederate and Southern State Currency\u003c/emph\u003e, vol. 1, (Pass-A-Grille, Florida: Criswell's Publications, 1957); John H. Eicher and David J. Eicher's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCivil War High Commands\u003c/emph\u003e (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2001); and the Library of Congress's online newspapers database (https://www.loc.gov/newspapers/).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEfforts were made to restore materials to record creators and keep these materials together. However, there are some exceptions, particularly in relation to high-profile historical figures. For example, materials relating to Robert E. Lee and William Tecumseh Sherman can be found in Series 1, 2, and 3. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile titles have been devised by the archivist and each contains a donor accession number (see note titled Alphanumeric Designations). Wherever possible or applicable, titles attributed to materials by record creators are included. \u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Nau Collection was processed from October 2021 to March 2023. Because it is an artificial collection with no original order, it was arranged into series to emphasize the provenance of collection materials and to restore materials attributed to or associated with the same individual. Provenance was determined by the archival materials themselves as well as by donor metadata. Additional resources consulted during processing included The National Park Service's online  Civil War Soldiers and Sailors Database  (https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/soldiers-and-sailors-database.htm); Grover C. Criswell and Clarence L. Criswell's  Confederate and Southern State Currency , vol. 1, (Pass-A-Grille, Florida: Criswell's Publications, 1957); John H. Eicher and David J. Eicher's  Civil War High Commands  (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2001); and the Library of Congress's online newspapers database (https://www.loc.gov/newspapers/).","Efforts were made to restore materials to record creators and keep these materials together. However, there are some exceptions, particularly in relation to high-profile historical figures. For example, materials relating to Robert E. Lee and William Tecumseh Sherman can be found in Series 1, 2, and 3. ","File titles have been devised by the archivist and each contains a donor accession number (see note titled Alphanumeric Designations). Wherever possible or applicable, titles attributed to materials by record creators are included. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988, bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) contains Civil War-era correspondence, service records, pension records, artifacts, photographs, military records (including orders, requisitions, and correspondence), currency, newspapers, and other print materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection primarily contains the correspondence, records, and photographs of white soldiers and officers who fought in the Civil War, including white officers serving in the United States Colored Troops (USCT). Additionally, the collection includes some correspondence and portraits of white women as well as a small number of portraits of Black soldiers (including PT0322, a family portrait, and a young Ben Brown, PC0836.0001) and Native American soldiers (including Frederick L. Rainbow, PT0424.0001). \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988, bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) contains Civil War-era correspondence, service records, pension records, artifacts, photographs, military records (including orders, requisitions, and correspondence), currency, newspapers, and other print materials. ","The collection primarily contains the correspondence, records, and photographs of white soldiers and officers who fought in the Civil War, including white officers serving in the United States Colored Troops (USCT). Additionally, the collection includes some correspondence and portraits of white women as well as a small number of portraits of Black soldiers (including PT0322, a family portrait, and a young Ben Brown, PC0836.0001) and Native American soldiers (including Frederick L. Rainbow, PT0424.0001). "],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["The John L. 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Nau III Civil War History Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1806-1988","1861-1865"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1861-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1806-1988"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16459","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous 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Nau III Civil War History Collection","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","letters (correspondence)","Photograph albums","photographs","newspapers","Good.","The collection is open for research.","The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988; bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) has been arranged into five series, Series 1: Materials Related to the Civil War Experiences of Soldiers, Officers, and Civilians (1806-1988; approx. 83 cubic feet); Series 2: Photographs and Prints (circa 1848-1939; approx. 34 cubic feet); Series 3: Government Military Records (1855-1913; approx. 9 cubic feet); Series 4: Currency (1839-1875; approx. 1.5 cubic feet); and Series 5: Newspapers and Print Materials (1846-1913; approx. 5.25 cubic feet).","The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection contains offensive or harmful language and imagery. This includes—but is not limited to—correspondence and diary entries that express racist views; photographs of enslaved people forced into inhumane conditions by enslavers; descriptions of violence and battle experiences; photographs of deceased soldiers; and correspondence containing explicit descriptions of sex. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","The donor's accession numbering system has been preserved to maintain access to collection metadata or descriptive information. Each file title in this finding aid includes the donor accession number at the end of the title and each corresponding physical folder or item is also labeled with the donor accession number. ","Donor accession numbers are comprised of letters denoting document or photograph format followed by a four-digit number that denotes the number of the accession. The following examples can be found in the collection: DA0001 (meaning document - autograph), DC0001.001 (document - currency), DL0001 (document - letter), DN0003 (document - newspaper), DOR0001 (document - order), DOT0001 (document - other), DR0002 (document - requisition), PA0184 (photograph - ambrotype), PC0200 (photograph - carte de visite), PD0007 (photograph - daguerreotype), POT0012 (photograph - other), and PT0003 (photograph - tintype).","These donor accession numbers can be used to search the donation listing spreadsheet for corresponding metadata. This spreadsheet is available to download directly from the finding aid below, under External Documents.","About External Document MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Donation Listing (View and Download Below)","Upon accession of the John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, the donor provided a spreadsheet donation listing containing metadata and sellers' descriptions associated with collection materials. The spreadsheet can be downloaded below, under the External Documents heading.","Please note that many descriptions contained in this spreadsheet are drawn from sellers' language used by dealers and auction houses and contain biased and qualitative descriptions. In addition, many descriptions contain offensive, racist, and archaic language, some quoted directly from collection materials (also see the above Content Warning). ","Please also note there may be some materials listed in the donor spreadsheet that are not present in the collection. The Small Library's finding aid is the definitive listing of materials available to researchers.","Suggestions for Using the Donation Listing Spreadsheet","Materials found in the finding aid can be identified in the spreadsheet using the keyboard shortcut Control + F. If searching for materials discovered in the finding aid, it is recommended to search using donor accession numbers. (For more on this, see the above note on Alphanumeric Designations). ","Please note that the spreadsheet does not contain additional descriptive information for all materials listed in the finding aid.","Researchers can use the spreadsheet to explore the collection in many ways, including the following: ","- To conduct subject-based searches (e.g., regiments, battles, and military functions, and experiences such as sickness).","- To identify photographs of women, Black soldiers, and Native American soldiers.","- To identify correspondence in Series 1 authored by women and contained within personal papers attributed to men. Series 1 contains a significant amount of correspondence written by women to male relatives and friends. An example includes the many letters written by Mary Stanton to her husband Courtland Stanton, which are found with the Courtland Stanton (DL0011) papers. Another example are the letters of Lucy Britton and Martha Britton found with the Britton Family (DL0100) papers.","- To distinguish between duplicate titles and donor accession numbers in Series 1. Secondary collections such as the papers of Amos Garrison (DL0068) and Albert R. Whitney (DL0269) contain duplicate file titles, and descriptions in the spreadsheet may allow researchers to learn more about the exact nature of the materials they contain.","- To distinguish between portraits of unknown subjects in Series 2. Searching for a particular portrait of an unknown subject using the donor accession number may provide researchers with a description of the portrait, including details such as uniform and rank of the subject.","About External Documents MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Transcripts (View and Download Below)","Transcript files are titled by donor accession number. (See above note titled Alphanumeric Designations).","Please be aware that these transcripts may contain mistakes. They are not intended to be a replacement for the original materials or their digital surrogates.","The Nau Collection was processed from October 2021 to March 2023. Because it is an artificial collection with no original order, it was arranged into series to emphasize the provenance of collection materials and to restore materials attributed to or associated with the same individual. Provenance was determined by the archival materials themselves as well as by donor metadata. Additional resources consulted during processing included The National Park Service's online  Civil War Soldiers and Sailors Database  (https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/soldiers-and-sailors-database.htm); Grover C. Criswell and Clarence L. Criswell's  Confederate and Southern State Currency , vol. 1, (Pass-A-Grille, Florida: Criswell's Publications, 1957); John H. Eicher and David J. Eicher's  Civil War High Commands  (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2001); and the Library of Congress's online newspapers database (https://www.loc.gov/newspapers/).","Efforts were made to restore materials to record creators and keep these materials together. However, there are some exceptions, particularly in relation to high-profile historical figures. For example, materials relating to Robert E. Lee and William Tecumseh Sherman can be found in Series 1, 2, and 3. ","File titles have been devised by the archivist and each contains a donor accession number (see note titled Alphanumeric Designations). Wherever possible or applicable, titles attributed to materials by record creators are included. ","The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988, bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) contains Civil War-era correspondence, service records, pension records, artifacts, photographs, military records (including orders, requisitions, and correspondence), currency, newspapers, and other print materials. ","The collection primarily contains the correspondence, records, and photographs of white soldiers and officers who fought in the Civil War, including white officers serving in the United States Colored Troops (USCT). Additionally, the collection includes some correspondence and portraits of white women as well as a small number of portraits of Black soldiers (including PT0322, a family portrait, and a young Ben Brown, PC0836.0001) and Native American soldiers (including Frederick L. Rainbow, PT0424.0001). ","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection is predominantly in English. A small number of materials are in Spanish, French, Swedish, and German, and this is indicated at the file level."],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16459","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/941"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection"],"collection_ssim":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"geogname_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"places_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection was acquired and donated by John L. Nau III. It was accessioned by the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library on September 3, 2019 (2019-0149) and in an additional accession in October 2019 (2019-0231)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","Photograph albums","photographs","newspapers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["letters (correspondence)","Photograph albums","photographs","newspapers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good."],"extent_ssm":["133 Cubic Feet 255 boxes; 9 framed items"],"extent_tesim":["133 Cubic Feet 255 boxes; 9 framed items"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","Photograph albums","photographs","newspapers"],"date_range_isim":[1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988; bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) has been arranged into five series, Series 1: Materials Related to the Civil War Experiences of Soldiers, Officers, and Civilians (1806-1988; approx. 83 cubic feet); Series 2: Photographs and Prints (circa 1848-1939; approx. 34 cubic feet); Series 3: Government Military Records (1855-1913; approx. 9 cubic feet); Series 4: Currency (1839-1875; approx. 1.5 cubic feet); and Series 5: Newspapers and Print Materials (1846-1913; approx. 5.25 cubic feet).\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988; bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) has been arranged into five series, Series 1: Materials Related to the Civil War Experiences of Soldiers, Officers, and Civilians (1806-1988; approx. 83 cubic feet); Series 2: Photographs and Prints (circa 1848-1939; approx. 34 cubic feet); Series 3: Government Military Records (1855-1913; approx. 9 cubic feet); Series 4: Currency (1839-1875; approx. 1.5 cubic feet); and Series 5: Newspapers and Print Materials (1846-1913; approx. 5.25 cubic feet)."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection contains offensive or harmful language and imagery. This includes—but is not limited to—correspondence and diary entries that express racist views; photographs of enslaved people forced into inhumane conditions by enslavers; descriptions of violence and battle experiences; photographs of deceased soldiers; and correspondence containing explicit descriptions of sex. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe donor's accession numbering system has been preserved to maintain access to collection metadata or descriptive information. Each file title in this finding aid includes the donor accession number at the end of the title and each corresponding physical folder or item is also labeled with the donor accession number. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDonor accession numbers are comprised of letters denoting document or photograph format followed by a four-digit number that denotes the number of the accession. The following examples can be found in the collection: DA0001 (meaning document - autograph), DC0001.001 (document - currency), DL0001 (document - letter), DN0003 (document - newspaper), DOR0001 (document - order), DOT0001 (document - other), DR0002 (document - requisition), PA0184 (photograph - ambrotype), PC0200 (photograph - carte de visite), PD0007 (photograph - daguerreotype), POT0012 (photograph - other), and PT0003 (photograph - tintype).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThese donor accession numbers can be used to search the donation listing spreadsheet for corresponding metadata. This spreadsheet is available to download directly from the finding aid below, under External Documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eAbout External Document MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Donation Listing (View and Download Below)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUpon accession of the John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, the donor provided a spreadsheet donation listing containing metadata and sellers' descriptions associated with collection materials. The spreadsheet can be downloaded below, under the External Documents heading.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease note that many descriptions contained in this spreadsheet are drawn from sellers' language used by dealers and auction houses and contain biased and qualitative descriptions. In addition, many descriptions contain offensive, racist, and archaic language, some quoted directly from collection materials (also see the above Content Warning). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease also note there may be some materials listed in the donor spreadsheet that are not present in the collection. The Small Library's finding aid is the definitive listing of materials available to researchers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSuggestions for Using the Donation Listing Spreadsheet\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials found in the finding aid can be identified in the spreadsheet using the keyboard shortcut Control + F. If searching for materials discovered in the finding aid, it is recommended to search using donor accession numbers. (For more on this, see the above note on Alphanumeric Designations). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease note that the spreadsheet does not contain additional descriptive information for all materials listed in the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers can use the spreadsheet to explore the collection in many ways, including the following: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e- To conduct subject-based searches (e.g., regiments, battles, and military functions, and experiences such as sickness).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e- To identify photographs of women, Black soldiers, and Native American soldiers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e- To identify correspondence in Series 1 authored by women and contained within personal papers attributed to men. Series 1 contains a significant amount of correspondence written by women to male relatives and friends. An example includes the many letters written by Mary Stanton to her husband Courtland Stanton, which are found with the Courtland Stanton (DL0011) papers. Another example are the letters of Lucy Britton and Martha Britton found with the Britton Family (DL0100) papers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e- To distinguish between duplicate titles and donor accession numbers in Series 1. Secondary collections such as the papers of Amos Garrison (DL0068) and Albert R. Whitney (DL0269) contain duplicate file titles, and descriptions in the spreadsheet may allow researchers to learn more about the exact nature of the materials they contain.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e- To distinguish between portraits of unknown subjects in Series 2. Searching for a particular portrait of an unknown subject using the donor accession number may provide researchers with a description of the portrait, including details such as uniform and rank of the subject.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eAbout External Documents MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Transcripts (View and Download Below)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTranscript files are titled by donor accession number. (See above note titled Alphanumeric Designations).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease be aware that these transcripts may contain mistakes. They are not intended to be a replacement for the original materials or their digital surrogates.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning","Alphanumeric Designations","Important Information about External Documents"],"odd_tesim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection contains offensive or harmful language and imagery. This includes—but is not limited to—correspondence and diary entries that express racist views; photographs of enslaved people forced into inhumane conditions by enslavers; descriptions of violence and battle experiences; photographs of deceased soldiers; and correspondence containing explicit descriptions of sex. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","The donor's accession numbering system has been preserved to maintain access to collection metadata or descriptive information. Each file title in this finding aid includes the donor accession number at the end of the title and each corresponding physical folder or item is also labeled with the donor accession number. ","Donor accession numbers are comprised of letters denoting document or photograph format followed by a four-digit number that denotes the number of the accession. The following examples can be found in the collection: DA0001 (meaning document - autograph), DC0001.001 (document - currency), DL0001 (document - letter), DN0003 (document - newspaper), DOR0001 (document - order), DOT0001 (document - other), DR0002 (document - requisition), PA0184 (photograph - ambrotype), PC0200 (photograph - carte de visite), PD0007 (photograph - daguerreotype), POT0012 (photograph - other), and PT0003 (photograph - tintype).","These donor accession numbers can be used to search the donation listing spreadsheet for corresponding metadata. This spreadsheet is available to download directly from the finding aid below, under External Documents.","About External Document MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Donation Listing (View and Download Below)","Upon accession of the John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, the donor provided a spreadsheet donation listing containing metadata and sellers' descriptions associated with collection materials. The spreadsheet can be downloaded below, under the External Documents heading.","Please note that many descriptions contained in this spreadsheet are drawn from sellers' language used by dealers and auction houses and contain biased and qualitative descriptions. In addition, many descriptions contain offensive, racist, and archaic language, some quoted directly from collection materials (also see the above Content Warning). ","Please also note there may be some materials listed in the donor spreadsheet that are not present in the collection. The Small Library's finding aid is the definitive listing of materials available to researchers.","Suggestions for Using the Donation Listing Spreadsheet","Materials found in the finding aid can be identified in the spreadsheet using the keyboard shortcut Control + F. If searching for materials discovered in the finding aid, it is recommended to search using donor accession numbers. (For more on this, see the above note on Alphanumeric Designations). ","Please note that the spreadsheet does not contain additional descriptive information for all materials listed in the finding aid.","Researchers can use the spreadsheet to explore the collection in many ways, including the following: ","- To conduct subject-based searches (e.g., regiments, battles, and military functions, and experiences such as sickness).","- To identify photographs of women, Black soldiers, and Native American soldiers.","- To identify correspondence in Series 1 authored by women and contained within personal papers attributed to men. Series 1 contains a significant amount of correspondence written by women to male relatives and friends. An example includes the many letters written by Mary Stanton to her husband Courtland Stanton, which are found with the Courtland Stanton (DL0011) papers. Another example are the letters of Lucy Britton and Martha Britton found with the Britton Family (DL0100) papers.","- To distinguish between duplicate titles and donor accession numbers in Series 1. Secondary collections such as the papers of Amos Garrison (DL0068) and Albert R. Whitney (DL0269) contain duplicate file titles, and descriptions in the spreadsheet may allow researchers to learn more about the exact nature of the materials they contain.","- To distinguish between portraits of unknown subjects in Series 2. Searching for a particular portrait of an unknown subject using the donor accession number may provide researchers with a description of the portrait, including details such as uniform and rank of the subject.","About External Documents MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Transcripts (View and Download Below)","Transcript files are titled by donor accession number. (See above note titled Alphanumeric Designations).","Please be aware that these transcripts may contain mistakes. They are not intended to be a replacement for the original materials or their digital surrogates."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, MSS 16459, box number, [if applicable] folder number, donor accession number, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, MSS 16459, box number, [if applicable] folder number, donor accession number, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Nau Collection was processed from October 2021 to March 2023. Because it is an artificial collection with no original order, it was arranged into series to emphasize the provenance of collection materials and to restore materials attributed to or associated with the same individual. Provenance was determined by the archival materials themselves as well as by donor metadata. Additional resources consulted during processing included The National Park Service's online \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCivil War Soldiers and Sailors Database\u003c/emph\u003e (https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/soldiers-and-sailors-database.htm); Grover C. Criswell and Clarence L. Criswell's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eConfederate and Southern State Currency\u003c/emph\u003e, vol. 1, (Pass-A-Grille, Florida: Criswell's Publications, 1957); John H. Eicher and David J. Eicher's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCivil War High Commands\u003c/emph\u003e (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2001); and the Library of Congress's online newspapers database (https://www.loc.gov/newspapers/).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEfforts were made to restore materials to record creators and keep these materials together. However, there are some exceptions, particularly in relation to high-profile historical figures. For example, materials relating to Robert E. Lee and William Tecumseh Sherman can be found in Series 1, 2, and 3. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile titles have been devised by the archivist and each contains a donor accession number (see note titled Alphanumeric Designations). Wherever possible or applicable, titles attributed to materials by record creators are included. \u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Nau Collection was processed from October 2021 to March 2023. Because it is an artificial collection with no original order, it was arranged into series to emphasize the provenance of collection materials and to restore materials attributed to or associated with the same individual. Provenance was determined by the archival materials themselves as well as by donor metadata. Additional resources consulted during processing included The National Park Service's online  Civil War Soldiers and Sailors Database  (https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/soldiers-and-sailors-database.htm); Grover C. Criswell and Clarence L. Criswell's  Confederate and Southern State Currency , vol. 1, (Pass-A-Grille, Florida: Criswell's Publications, 1957); John H. Eicher and David J. Eicher's  Civil War High Commands  (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2001); and the Library of Congress's online newspapers database (https://www.loc.gov/newspapers/).","Efforts were made to restore materials to record creators and keep these materials together. However, there are some exceptions, particularly in relation to high-profile historical figures. For example, materials relating to Robert E. Lee and William Tecumseh Sherman can be found in Series 1, 2, and 3. ","File titles have been devised by the archivist and each contains a donor accession number (see note titled Alphanumeric Designations). Wherever possible or applicable, titles attributed to materials by record creators are included. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988, bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) contains Civil War-era correspondence, service records, pension records, artifacts, photographs, military records (including orders, requisitions, and correspondence), currency, newspapers, and other print materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection primarily contains the correspondence, records, and photographs of white soldiers and officers who fought in the Civil War, including white officers serving in the United States Colored Troops (USCT). Additionally, the collection includes some correspondence and portraits of white women as well as a small number of portraits of Black soldiers (including PT0322, a family portrait, and a young Ben Brown, PC0836.0001) and Native American soldiers (including Frederick L. Rainbow, PT0424.0001). \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988, bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) contains Civil War-era correspondence, service records, pension records, artifacts, photographs, military records (including orders, requisitions, and correspondence), currency, newspapers, and other print materials. ","The collection primarily contains the correspondence, records, and photographs of white soldiers and officers who fought in the Civil War, including white officers serving in the United States Colored Troops (USCT). Additionally, the collection includes some correspondence and portraits of white women as well as a small number of portraits of Black soldiers (including PT0322, a family portrait, and a young Ben Brown, PC0836.0001) and Native American soldiers (including Frederick L. Rainbow, PT0424.0001). "],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection is predominantly in English. A small number of materials are in Spanish, French, Swedish, and German, and this is indicated at the file level."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":10302,"online_item_count_is":5,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:38:18.573Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_941"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_915","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Law examinations - University of Virginia School of Law","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_915#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"University of Virginia. School of Law","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_915#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of examinations that the University of Virginia Law School administered to students between 1890 and 2018. It also includes a few examples of examination answers.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_915#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_915","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_915","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_915","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_915","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_915.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/165355","title_ssm":["Law examinations - University of Virginia School of Law"],"title_tesim":["Law examinations - University of Virginia School of Law"],"unitdate_ssm":["1890-2018"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1890-2018"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG.32.401","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/915"],"text":["RG.32.401","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/915","Law examinations - University of Virginia School of Law","Law  -- Examinations, questions, etc.","Law  -- Study and teaching","The conditions governing access vary across the collection. There are no restrictions on access to the examinations of deceased professors. However, access to the examinations of living professors is restricted. Researchers must first obtain written permission from living professors to view them. After a researcher presents written permission to the University of Virginia Law Library, the Library may allow them to view the examination in the special collections reading room. Researchers may take written notes, but the Library prohibits photography or scanning. Researchers may not borrow examinations or view them outside of the special collections reading room.","A few living professors have waived the requirement for written permission. Waivers are recorded in a conditions governing access note attached to the examination records in this finding aid.","The Law Library arranged this collection into the following three series and ordered them chronologically:","I. Unbound examinations;","II. Bound examinations;","III. Examinations hosted online.","Researchers will find more examples of University of Virginia School of Law examinations in the following publications:","1. Anderson Bros. (Charlottesville, Va.). Law Examinations. Revised and corrected ed. Anderson Bros, 1891.","2. Anderson Bros. (Charlottesville, Va.), and Thomas Randolph Keith. Law Examinations, Embracing, Examination Papers From the Year 1869 to 1894. 4th ed. Anderson Bros, 1894.","This collection consists of examinations that the University of Virginia Law School administered to students between 1890 and 2018. It also includes a few examples of examination answers.","The examinations exist in diverse media formats. Most of them are printed on paper, and most printed examinations are bound together into volumes. The other examinations were born digital and were initially made available to students online or on digital media (e.g., CDs, DVDs).","Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the examinations. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law","English"],"unitid_tesim":["RG.32.401","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/915"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Law examinations - University of Virginia School of Law"],"collection_title_tesim":["Law examinations - University of Virginia School of Law"],"collection_ssim":["Law examinations - University of Virginia School of Law"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["University of Virginia. School of Law"],"creator_ssim":["University of Virginia. School of Law"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Virginia. School of Law"],"creators_ssim":["University of Virginia. School of Law"],"access_terms_ssm":["Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the examinations. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia."],"acqinfo_ssim":["RG-32-401 contains examinations from different sources.","The items in Series I came to the Library from various sources including donations, purchases, and internal transfers. Most of them were at one time stored in a \"memorabilia file drawer\" or the Law Library's front circulation office. ","Series II consists of bound examinations that the Law Library transferred from its reserve collection to its special collections department around 2018.","Series III consists of digital examinations that the Law Library transferred from an online environment to its special collections department around 2018. "],"access_subjects_ssim":["Law  -- Examinations, questions, etc.","Law  -- Study and teaching"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Law  -- Examinations, questions, etc.","Law  -- Study and teaching"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":[".5 Cubic Feet 1 archival box","47 Volumes",".096 Gigabytes"],"extent_tesim":[".5 Cubic Feet 1 archival box","47 Volumes",".096 Gigabytes"],"date_range_isim":[1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe conditions governing access vary across the collection. There are no restrictions on access to the examinations of deceased professors. However, access to the examinations of living professors is restricted. Researchers must first obtain written permission from living professors to view them. After a researcher presents written permission to the University of Virginia Law Library, the Library may allow them to view the examination in the special collections reading room. Researchers may take written notes, but the Library prohibits photography or scanning. Researchers may not borrow examinations or view them outside of the special collections reading room.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA few living professors have waived the requirement for written permission. Waivers are recorded in a conditions governing access note attached to the examination records in this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The conditions governing access vary across the collection. There are no restrictions on access to the examinations of deceased professors. However, access to the examinations of living professors is restricted. Researchers must first obtain written permission from living professors to view them. After a researcher presents written permission to the University of Virginia Law Library, the Library may allow them to view the examination in the special collections reading room. Researchers may take written notes, but the Library prohibits photography or scanning. Researchers may not borrow examinations or view them outside of the special collections reading room.","A few living professors have waived the requirement for written permission. Waivers are recorded in a conditions governing access note attached to the examination records in this finding aid."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Law Library arranged this collection into the following three series and ordered them chronologically:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI. Unbound examinations;\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eII. Bound examinations;\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIII. Examinations hosted online.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Law Library arranged this collection into the following three series and ordered them chronologically:","I. Unbound examinations;","II. Bound examinations;","III. Examinations hosted online."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers will find more examples of University of Virginia School of Law examinations in the following publications:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Anderson Bros. (Charlottesville, Va.). Law Examinations. Revised and corrected ed. Anderson Bros, 1891.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. Anderson Bros. (Charlottesville, Va.), and Thomas Randolph Keith. Law Examinations, Embracing, Examination Papers From the Year 1869 to 1894. 4th ed. Anderson Bros, 1894.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Researchers will find more examples of University of Virginia School of Law examinations in the following publications:","1. Anderson Bros. (Charlottesville, Va.). Law Examinations. Revised and corrected ed. Anderson Bros, 1891.","2. Anderson Bros. (Charlottesville, Va.), and Thomas Randolph Keith. Law Examinations, Embracing, Examination Papers From the Year 1869 to 1894. 4th ed. Anderson Bros, 1894."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of examinations that the University of Virginia Law School administered to students between 1890 and 2018. It also includes a few examples of examination answers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe examinations exist in diverse media formats. Most of them are printed on paper, and most printed examinations are bound together into volumes. The other examinations were born digital and were initially made available to students online or on digital media (e.g., CDs, DVDs).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of examinations that the University of Virginia Law School administered to students between 1890 and 2018. It also includes a few examples of examination answers.","The examinations exist in diverse media formats. Most of them are printed on paper, and most printed examinations are bound together into volumes. The other examinations were born digital and were initially made available to students online or on digital media (e.g., CDs, DVDs)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the examinations. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the examinations. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia."],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law"],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1816,"online_item_count_is":111,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-02T00:27:40.464Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_915","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_915","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_915","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_915","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_915.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/165355","title_ssm":["Law examinations - University of Virginia School of Law"],"title_tesim":["Law examinations - University of Virginia School of Law"],"unitdate_ssm":["1890-2018"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1890-2018"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG.32.401","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/915"],"text":["RG.32.401","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/915","Law examinations - University of Virginia School of Law","Law  -- Examinations, questions, etc.","Law  -- Study and teaching","The conditions governing access vary across the collection. There are no restrictions on access to the examinations of deceased professors. However, access to the examinations of living professors is restricted. Researchers must first obtain written permission from living professors to view them. After a researcher presents written permission to the University of Virginia Law Library, the Library may allow them to view the examination in the special collections reading room. Researchers may take written notes, but the Library prohibits photography or scanning. Researchers may not borrow examinations or view them outside of the special collections reading room.","A few living professors have waived the requirement for written permission. Waivers are recorded in a conditions governing access note attached to the examination records in this finding aid.","The Law Library arranged this collection into the following three series and ordered them chronologically:","I. Unbound examinations;","II. Bound examinations;","III. Examinations hosted online.","Researchers will find more examples of University of Virginia School of Law examinations in the following publications:","1. Anderson Bros. (Charlottesville, Va.). Law Examinations. Revised and corrected ed. Anderson Bros, 1891.","2. Anderson Bros. (Charlottesville, Va.), and Thomas Randolph Keith. Law Examinations, Embracing, Examination Papers From the Year 1869 to 1894. 4th ed. Anderson Bros, 1894.","This collection consists of examinations that the University of Virginia Law School administered to students between 1890 and 2018. It also includes a few examples of examination answers.","The examinations exist in diverse media formats. Most of them are printed on paper, and most printed examinations are bound together into volumes. The other examinations were born digital and were initially made available to students online or on digital media (e.g., CDs, DVDs).","Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the examinations. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law","English"],"unitid_tesim":["RG.32.401","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/915"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Law examinations - University of Virginia School of Law"],"collection_title_tesim":["Law examinations - University of Virginia School of Law"],"collection_ssim":["Law examinations - University of Virginia School of Law"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["University of Virginia. School of Law"],"creator_ssim":["University of Virginia. School of Law"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Virginia. School of Law"],"creators_ssim":["University of Virginia. School of Law"],"access_terms_ssm":["Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the examinations. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia."],"acqinfo_ssim":["RG-32-401 contains examinations from different sources.","The items in Series I came to the Library from various sources including donations, purchases, and internal transfers. Most of them were at one time stored in a \"memorabilia file drawer\" or the Law Library's front circulation office. ","Series II consists of bound examinations that the Law Library transferred from its reserve collection to its special collections department around 2018.","Series III consists of digital examinations that the Law Library transferred from an online environment to its special collections department around 2018. "],"access_subjects_ssim":["Law  -- Examinations, questions, etc.","Law  -- Study and teaching"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Law  -- Examinations, questions, etc.","Law  -- Study and teaching"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":[".5 Cubic Feet 1 archival box","47 Volumes",".096 Gigabytes"],"extent_tesim":[".5 Cubic Feet 1 archival box","47 Volumes",".096 Gigabytes"],"date_range_isim":[1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe conditions governing access vary across the collection. There are no restrictions on access to the examinations of deceased professors. However, access to the examinations of living professors is restricted. Researchers must first obtain written permission from living professors to view them. After a researcher presents written permission to the University of Virginia Law Library, the Library may allow them to view the examination in the special collections reading room. Researchers may take written notes, but the Library prohibits photography or scanning. Researchers may not borrow examinations or view them outside of the special collections reading room.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA few living professors have waived the requirement for written permission. Waivers are recorded in a conditions governing access note attached to the examination records in this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The conditions governing access vary across the collection. There are no restrictions on access to the examinations of deceased professors. However, access to the examinations of living professors is restricted. Researchers must first obtain written permission from living professors to view them. After a researcher presents written permission to the University of Virginia Law Library, the Library may allow them to view the examination in the special collections reading room. Researchers may take written notes, but the Library prohibits photography or scanning. Researchers may not borrow examinations or view them outside of the special collections reading room.","A few living professors have waived the requirement for written permission. Waivers are recorded in a conditions governing access note attached to the examination records in this finding aid."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Law Library arranged this collection into the following three series and ordered them chronologically:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI. Unbound examinations;\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eII. Bound examinations;\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIII. Examinations hosted online.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Law Library arranged this collection into the following three series and ordered them chronologically:","I. Unbound examinations;","II. Bound examinations;","III. Examinations hosted online."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers will find more examples of University of Virginia School of Law examinations in the following publications:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Anderson Bros. (Charlottesville, Va.). Law Examinations. Revised and corrected ed. Anderson Bros, 1891.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. Anderson Bros. (Charlottesville, Va.), and Thomas Randolph Keith. Law Examinations, Embracing, Examination Papers From the Year 1869 to 1894. 4th ed. Anderson Bros, 1894.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Researchers will find more examples of University of Virginia School of Law examinations in the following publications:","1. Anderson Bros. (Charlottesville, Va.). Law Examinations. Revised and corrected ed. Anderson Bros, 1891.","2. Anderson Bros. (Charlottesville, Va.), and Thomas Randolph Keith. Law Examinations, Embracing, Examination Papers From the Year 1869 to 1894. 4th ed. Anderson Bros, 1894."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of examinations that the University of Virginia Law School administered to students between 1890 and 2018. It also includes a few examples of examination answers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe examinations exist in diverse media formats. Most of them are printed on paper, and most printed examinations are bound together into volumes. The other examinations were born digital and were initially made available to students online or on digital media (e.g., CDs, DVDs).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of examinations that the University of Virginia Law School administered to students between 1890 and 2018. It also includes a few examples of examination answers.","The examinations exist in diverse media formats. Most of them are printed on paper, and most printed examinations are bound together into volumes. The other examinations were born digital and were initially made available to students online or on digital media (e.g., CDs, DVDs)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the examinations. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the examinations. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia."],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law"],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1816,"online_item_count_is":111,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-02T00:27:40.464Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_915"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Loren Roth papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Roth, Loren H.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_1347.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/169336","title_ssm":["Loren Roth papers"],"title_tesim":["Loren Roth papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1950-2022","1974-2022"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1974-2022"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950-2022"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347"],"text":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347","Loren Roth papers","Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union","Researchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:","1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library. ","2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally. ","3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.  ","4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection. ","5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.","Finally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.","While it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.","The \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.","While the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.","In 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.","Mikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).","Notes:","1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.","2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.","3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.","4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix","5. Id, pages xix and xx","During the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.","The U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.","From April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.","The U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.","Although there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.","Among those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.","The U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.","The 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.","Shortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.","In 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.","\nResearchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:","- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009","In 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.","Olena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law.","This collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.","\nThe second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.","The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon","English Russian"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Loren Roth papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Loren Roth papers"],"collection_ssim":["Loren Roth papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creators_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"acqinfo_ssim":["In March 2023, Dr. Loren Henry Roth donated all of the materials in this collection to the University of Virginia Law Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["12.75 Cubic Feet 25 boxes","138.5775 Gigabytes"],"extent_tesim":["12.75 Cubic Feet 25 boxes","138.5775 Gigabytes"],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFinally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Researchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:","1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library. ","2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally. ","3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.  ","4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection. ","5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.","Finally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhile it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotes:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e5. Id, pages xix and xx\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlthough there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAmong those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nResearchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["History of the Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists in the U.S.S.R.","History of the 1989 U.S. State Department Investigative Mission to the U.S.S.R.","History of the 2021-2022 Oral History Project"],"bioghist_tesim":["While it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.","The \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.","While the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.","In 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.","Mikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).","Notes:","1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.","2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.","3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.","4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix","5. Id, pages xix and xx","During the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.","The U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.","From April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.","The U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.","Although there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.","Among those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.","The U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.","The 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.","Shortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.","In 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.","\nResearchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:","- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009","In 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Olena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.","\nThe second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"language_ssim":["English Russian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":263,"online_item_count_is":18,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:42:29.077Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_1347.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/169336","title_ssm":["Loren Roth papers"],"title_tesim":["Loren Roth papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1950-2022","1974-2022"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1974-2022"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950-2022"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347"],"text":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347","Loren Roth papers","Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union","Researchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:","1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library. ","2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally. ","3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.  ","4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection. ","5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.","Finally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.","While it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.","The \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.","While the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.","In 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.","Mikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).","Notes:","1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.","2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.","3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.","4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix","5. Id, pages xix and xx","During the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.","The U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.","From April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.","The U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.","Although there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.","Among those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.","The U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.","The 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.","Shortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.","In 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.","\nResearchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:","- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009","In 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.","Olena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law.","This collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.","\nThe second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.","The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon","English Russian"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Loren Roth papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Loren Roth papers"],"collection_ssim":["Loren Roth papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creators_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"acqinfo_ssim":["In March 2023, Dr. Loren Henry Roth donated all of the materials in this collection to the University of Virginia Law Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["12.75 Cubic Feet 25 boxes","138.5775 Gigabytes"],"extent_tesim":["12.75 Cubic Feet 25 boxes","138.5775 Gigabytes"],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFinally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Researchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:","1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library. ","2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally. ","3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.  ","4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection. ","5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.","Finally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhile it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNotes:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e5. Id, pages xix and xx\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlthough there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAmong those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nResearchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["History of the Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists in the U.S.S.R.","History of the 1989 U.S. State Department Investigative Mission to the U.S.S.R.","History of the 2021-2022 Oral History Project"],"bioghist_tesim":["While it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.","The \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.","While the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.","In 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.","Mikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).","Notes:","1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.","2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.","3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.","4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix","5. Id, pages xix and xx","During the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.","The U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.","From April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.","The U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.","Although there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.","Among those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.","The U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.","The 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.","Shortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.","In 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.","\nResearchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:","- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009","In 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Olena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.","\nThe second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"language_ssim":["English Russian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":263,"online_item_count_is":18,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:42:29.077Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347"}},{"id":"vifgm_reich","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Molka Reich papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_reich#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Reich, Molka","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_reich#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Molka Reich papers includes playscripts, programs, puppetry newsletters, newspaper clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks with most of it dating from the 1930s to the 1950s. About half of the material directly relates to the Federal Theatre Project, especially the newspaper clippings, programs, and scrapbooks. Many of the puppetry newsletters and playscripts are from after the 1930s. Some of the material relates to the actor Scott Griffin who acted with the Federal Theatre Project in Miami, Florida, alongside Reich.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_reich#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_reich","ead_ssi":"vifgm_reich","_root_":"vifgm_reich","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_reich","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/reich.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/reich.html","title_ssm":["Molka Reich papers"],"title_tesim":["Molka Reich papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1904-1986"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1904-1986"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0229"],"text":["C0229","Molka Reich papers","New Deal, 1933-1939.","Theater--United States.","There are no access restrictions.","\nThere are scripts from this collection and other FTP collections online in the  . ","Series 1: Essays, newsletters, published works, and miscellany, 1904-1950 (Boxes 1-2, 9) Series 2: Newspaper clippings, 1936-1986 (Box 2) Series 3: Photographs, circa 1930s-1940s (Boxes 2, 9) Series 4: Playscripts, 1920s-1953 (Boxes 2-6) Series 5: Programs, 1928-1950s (Boxes 6-7) Series 6: Scrapbooks, 1920s-1950s (Boxes 7-8)","Molka Reich studied puppetry under Remo Bufano in New York during the 1920s. She and her husband moved to Miami, Florida, in 1930. While there, she joined the Federal Writers Project, and then the Federal Theatre Project. She started with the FTP as an actress but soon was working with the marionette unit where she made puppets, wrote and adapted scripts, and built sets. As an actress she appeared in the Federal Theatre production Engaged that was performed in August of 1936. She stayed with the Federal Theatre Project until 1939, after which she continued to be a proponent for puppetry. In Miami, she served as president of the Business and Professional Women's Club.","Processed in December 2012 by Greta Kuriger Suiter. EAD completed in January 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter.","Special Collections and Archives also holds the  , the  , the  , as well as numerous other personal papers.","The Molka Reich papers includes playscripts, programs, puppetry newsletters, newspaper clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks with most of it dating from the 1930s to the 1950s. About half of the material directly relates to the Federal Theatre project, especially the newspaper clippings, programs, and scrapbooks. Many of the puppetry newsletters and playscripts are from after the 1930s. Some of the material relates to the actor Scott Griffin who acted with the Federal Theatre Project in Miami, Florida, alongside Reich.","Series 1 contains many different types of materials including essays, puppetry newsletters, play synopses, published plays, vaudeville sketches, marionette patterns in various sizes, and original artwork by Ken Bare. Materials are arranged alphabetically.","Series 2 contains newspaper clippings from Miami, Florida, newspapers. Many of the newsclippings are reviews for plays that Molka Reich or Scott Griffin were involved in. This series is arranged alphabetically.","Series 3 contains photographs both black and white and color and in a variety of sizes. Photographs consist of portraits of Molka Reich, and Scott Griffin, as well as production photographs, and photographs of a Jack and the Beanstalk marionette. This series is arranged alphabetically.","Series 4 is the largest series and contains scripts for plays and some radio productions. Some of the scripts have accompanying music, mostly handwritten. This series is arranged alphabetically by title.","Series 5 contains programs for Federal Theatre productions and non Federal Theatre productions that were performed in Miami and Jacksonville, Florida; Atlanta, Georgia; Long Island and Pawling, New York; and The Smithsonian in Washington D.C. This series is arranged alphabetically.","Series 6 contains scrapbooks that have been disassembled and foldered. The Molka Reich scrapbook 1928-1948 contains mostly material relating to Scott Griffin. There is also a scrapbook for marionette newspaper and magazine clippings, a scrapbook with clippings and programs from productions in Miami, and a scrapbook containing calendar programs for the Starlight Theater in Pawling, New York. This series is arranged by size of material.","There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Molka Reich papers must be obtained from Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\n\n","The Molka Reich papers includes playscripts, programs, puppetry newsletters, newspaper clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks with most of it dating from the 1930s to the 1950s. About half of the material directly relates to the Federal Theatre Project, especially the newspaper clippings, programs, and scrapbooks. Many of the puppetry newsletters and playscripts are from after the 1930s. Some of the material relates to the actor Scott Griffin who acted with the Federal Theatre Project in Miami, Florida, alongside Reich.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Reich, Molka","English\n\t\t"],"unitid_tesim":["C0229"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Molka Reich papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Molka Reich papers"],"collection_ssim":["Molka Reich papers"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Reich, Molka"],"creator_ssim":["Reich, Molka"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Reich, Molka"],"creators_ssim":["Reich, Molka"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Molka Reich papers must be obtained from Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\n\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Molka Reich in 1980 and 1981. Scott Griffin material presented by Molka Reich for the Scott Griffin estate on June 25, 1979."],"access_subjects_ssim":["New Deal, 1933-1939.","Theater--United States."],"access_subjects_ssm":["New Deal, 1933-1939.","Theater--United States."],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["6.0 linear feet (9 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["6.0 linear feet (9 boxes)"],"date_range_isim":[1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThere are scripts from this collection and other FTP collections online in the \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Federal Theatre Project collection\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://images.gmu.edu/luna/servlet/GMUDPSdps~23~23\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["\nThere are scripts from this collection and other FTP collections online in the  . "],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Essays, newsletters, published works, and miscellany, 1904-1950 (Boxes 1-2, 9)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Newspaper clippings, 1936-1986 (Box 2)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Photographs, circa 1930s-1940s (Boxes 2, 9)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Playscripts, 1920s-1953 (Boxes 2-6)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Programs, 1928-1950s (Boxes 6-7)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Scrapbooks, 1920s-1950s (Boxes 7-8)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series 1: Essays, newsletters, published works, and miscellany, 1904-1950 (Boxes 1-2, 9) Series 2: Newspaper clippings, 1936-1986 (Box 2) Series 3: Photographs, circa 1930s-1940s (Boxes 2, 9) Series 4: Playscripts, 1920s-1953 (Boxes 2-6) Series 5: Programs, 1928-1950s (Boxes 6-7) Series 6: Scrapbooks, 1920s-1950s (Boxes 7-8)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMolka Reich studied puppetry under Remo Bufano in New York during the 1920s. She and her husband moved to Miami, Florida, in 1930. While there, she joined the Federal Writers Project, and then the Federal Theatre Project. She started with the FTP as an actress but soon was working with the marionette unit where she made puppets, wrote and adapted scripts, and built sets. As an actress she appeared in the Federal Theatre production Engaged that was performed in August of 1936. She stayed with the Federal Theatre Project until 1939, after which she continued to be a proponent for puppetry. In Miami, she served as president of the Business and Professional Women's Club.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Molka Reich studied puppetry under Remo Bufano in New York during the 1920s. She and her husband moved to Miami, Florida, in 1930. While there, she joined the Federal Writers Project, and then the Federal Theatre Project. She started with the FTP as an actress but soon was working with the marionette unit where she made puppets, wrote and adapted scripts, and built sets. As an actress she appeared in the Federal Theatre production Engaged that was performed in August of 1936. She stayed with the Federal Theatre Project until 1939, after which she continued to be a proponent for puppetry. In Miami, she served as president of the Business and Professional Women's Club."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMolka Reich papers, C0229, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Molka Reich papers, C0229, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed in December 2012 by Greta Kuriger Suiter. EAD completed in January 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed in December 2012 by Greta Kuriger Suiter. EAD completed in January 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections and Archives also holds the \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Works Progress Administration oral histories collection\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/wpaoh.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Federal Theatre Project collection\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/ftp.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Federal Theatre Project photograph collection\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/ftpphoto.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, as well as numerous other personal papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections and Archives also holds the  , the  , the  , as well as numerous other personal papers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Molka Reich papers includes playscripts, programs, puppetry newsletters, newspaper clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks with most of it dating from the 1930s to the 1950s. About half of the material directly relates to the Federal Theatre project, especially the newspaper clippings, programs, and scrapbooks. Many of the puppetry newsletters and playscripts are from after the 1930s. Some of the material relates to the actor Scott Griffin who acted with the Federal Theatre Project in Miami, Florida, alongside Reich.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 contains many different types of materials including essays, puppetry newsletters, play synopses, published plays, vaudeville sketches, marionette patterns in various sizes, and original artwork by Ken Bare. Materials are arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 contains newspaper clippings from Miami, Florida, newspapers. Many of the newsclippings are reviews for plays that Molka Reich or Scott Griffin were involved in. This series is arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3 contains photographs both black and white and color and in a variety of sizes. Photographs consist of portraits of Molka Reich, and Scott Griffin, as well as production photographs, and photographs of a Jack and the Beanstalk marionette. This series is arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4 is the largest series and contains scripts for plays and some radio productions. Some of the scripts have accompanying music, mostly handwritten. This series is arranged alphabetically by title.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5 contains programs for Federal Theatre productions and non Federal Theatre productions that were performed in Miami and Jacksonville, Florida; Atlanta, Georgia; Long Island and Pawling, New York; and The Smithsonian in Washington D.C. This series is arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6 contains scrapbooks that have been disassembled and foldered. The Molka Reich scrapbook 1928-1948 contains mostly material relating to Scott Griffin. There is also a scrapbook for marionette newspaper and magazine clippings, a scrapbook with clippings and programs from productions in Miami, and a scrapbook containing calendar programs for the Starlight Theater in Pawling, New York. This series is arranged by size of material.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Molka Reich papers includes playscripts, programs, puppetry newsletters, newspaper clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks with most of it dating from the 1930s to the 1950s. About half of the material directly relates to the Federal Theatre project, especially the newspaper clippings, programs, and scrapbooks. Many of the puppetry newsletters and playscripts are from after the 1930s. Some of the material relates to the actor Scott Griffin who acted with the Federal Theatre Project in Miami, Florida, alongside Reich.","Series 1 contains many different types of materials including essays, puppetry newsletters, play synopses, published plays, vaudeville sketches, marionette patterns in various sizes, and original artwork by Ken Bare. Materials are arranged alphabetically.","Series 2 contains newspaper clippings from Miami, Florida, newspapers. Many of the newsclippings are reviews for plays that Molka Reich or Scott Griffin were involved in. This series is arranged alphabetically.","Series 3 contains photographs both black and white and color and in a variety of sizes. Photographs consist of portraits of Molka Reich, and Scott Griffin, as well as production photographs, and photographs of a Jack and the Beanstalk marionette. This series is arranged alphabetically.","Series 4 is the largest series and contains scripts for plays and some radio productions. Some of the scripts have accompanying music, mostly handwritten. This series is arranged alphabetically by title.","Series 5 contains programs for Federal Theatre productions and non Federal Theatre productions that were performed in Miami and Jacksonville, Florida; Atlanta, Georgia; Long Island and Pawling, New York; and The Smithsonian in Washington D.C. This series is arranged alphabetically.","Series 6 contains scrapbooks that have been disassembled and foldered. The Molka Reich scrapbook 1928-1948 contains mostly material relating to Scott Griffin. There is also a scrapbook for marionette newspaper and magazine clippings, a scrapbook with clippings and programs from productions in Miami, and a scrapbook containing calendar programs for the Starlight Theater in Pawling, New York. This series is arranged by size of material."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Molka Reich papers must be obtained from Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\n\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Molka Reich papers must be obtained from Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\n\n"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"ref297\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Molka Reich papers includes playscripts, programs, puppetry newsletters, newspaper clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks with most of it dating from the 1930s to the 1950s. About half of the material directly relates to the Federal Theatre Project, especially the newspaper clippings, programs, and scrapbooks. Many of the puppetry newsletters and playscripts are from after the 1930s. Some of the material relates to the actor Scott Griffin who acted with the Federal Theatre Project in Miami, Florida, alongside Reich.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Molka Reich papers includes playscripts, programs, puppetry newsletters, newspaper clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks with most of it dating from the 1930s to the 1950s. About half of the material directly relates to the Federal Theatre Project, especially the newspaper clippings, programs, and scrapbooks. Many of the puppetry newsletters and playscripts are from after the 1930s. Some of the material relates to the actor Scott Griffin who acted with the Federal Theatre Project in Miami, Florida, alongside Reich."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Reich, Molka"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)"],"persname_ssim":["Reich, Molka"],"language_ssim":["English\n\t\t"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":226,"online_item_count_is":12,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:53:29.147Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_reich","ead_ssi":"vifgm_reich","_root_":"vifgm_reich","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_reich","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/reich.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/reich.html","title_ssm":["Molka Reich papers"],"title_tesim":["Molka Reich papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1904-1986"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1904-1986"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0229"],"text":["C0229","Molka Reich papers","New Deal, 1933-1939.","Theater--United States.","There are no access restrictions.","\nThere are scripts from this collection and other FTP collections online in the  . ","Series 1: Essays, newsletters, published works, and miscellany, 1904-1950 (Boxes 1-2, 9) Series 2: Newspaper clippings, 1936-1986 (Box 2) Series 3: Photographs, circa 1930s-1940s (Boxes 2, 9) Series 4: Playscripts, 1920s-1953 (Boxes 2-6) Series 5: Programs, 1928-1950s (Boxes 6-7) Series 6: Scrapbooks, 1920s-1950s (Boxes 7-8)","Molka Reich studied puppetry under Remo Bufano in New York during the 1920s. She and her husband moved to Miami, Florida, in 1930. While there, she joined the Federal Writers Project, and then the Federal Theatre Project. She started with the FTP as an actress but soon was working with the marionette unit where she made puppets, wrote and adapted scripts, and built sets. As an actress she appeared in the Federal Theatre production Engaged that was performed in August of 1936. She stayed with the Federal Theatre Project until 1939, after which she continued to be a proponent for puppetry. In Miami, she served as president of the Business and Professional Women's Club.","Processed in December 2012 by Greta Kuriger Suiter. EAD completed in January 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter.","Special Collections and Archives also holds the  , the  , the  , as well as numerous other personal papers.","The Molka Reich papers includes playscripts, programs, puppetry newsletters, newspaper clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks with most of it dating from the 1930s to the 1950s. About half of the material directly relates to the Federal Theatre project, especially the newspaper clippings, programs, and scrapbooks. Many of the puppetry newsletters and playscripts are from after the 1930s. Some of the material relates to the actor Scott Griffin who acted with the Federal Theatre Project in Miami, Florida, alongside Reich.","Series 1 contains many different types of materials including essays, puppetry newsletters, play synopses, published plays, vaudeville sketches, marionette patterns in various sizes, and original artwork by Ken Bare. Materials are arranged alphabetically.","Series 2 contains newspaper clippings from Miami, Florida, newspapers. Many of the newsclippings are reviews for plays that Molka Reich or Scott Griffin were involved in. This series is arranged alphabetically.","Series 3 contains photographs both black and white and color and in a variety of sizes. Photographs consist of portraits of Molka Reich, and Scott Griffin, as well as production photographs, and photographs of a Jack and the Beanstalk marionette. This series is arranged alphabetically.","Series 4 is the largest series and contains scripts for plays and some radio productions. Some of the scripts have accompanying music, mostly handwritten. This series is arranged alphabetically by title.","Series 5 contains programs for Federal Theatre productions and non Federal Theatre productions that were performed in Miami and Jacksonville, Florida; Atlanta, Georgia; Long Island and Pawling, New York; and The Smithsonian in Washington D.C. This series is arranged alphabetically.","Series 6 contains scrapbooks that have been disassembled and foldered. The Molka Reich scrapbook 1928-1948 contains mostly material relating to Scott Griffin. There is also a scrapbook for marionette newspaper and magazine clippings, a scrapbook with clippings and programs from productions in Miami, and a scrapbook containing calendar programs for the Starlight Theater in Pawling, New York. This series is arranged by size of material.","There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Molka Reich papers must be obtained from Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\n\n","The Molka Reich papers includes playscripts, programs, puppetry newsletters, newspaper clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks with most of it dating from the 1930s to the 1950s. About half of the material directly relates to the Federal Theatre Project, especially the newspaper clippings, programs, and scrapbooks. Many of the puppetry newsletters and playscripts are from after the 1930s. Some of the material relates to the actor Scott Griffin who acted with the Federal Theatre Project in Miami, Florida, alongside Reich.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Reich, Molka","English\n\t\t"],"unitid_tesim":["C0229"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Molka Reich papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Molka Reich papers"],"collection_ssim":["Molka Reich papers"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Reich, Molka"],"creator_ssim":["Reich, Molka"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Reich, Molka"],"creators_ssim":["Reich, Molka"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Molka Reich papers must be obtained from Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\n\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Molka Reich in 1980 and 1981. Scott Griffin material presented by Molka Reich for the Scott Griffin estate on June 25, 1979."],"access_subjects_ssim":["New Deal, 1933-1939.","Theater--United States."],"access_subjects_ssm":["New Deal, 1933-1939.","Theater--United States."],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["6.0 linear feet (9 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["6.0 linear feet (9 boxes)"],"date_range_isim":[1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThere are scripts from this collection and other FTP collections online in the \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Federal Theatre Project collection\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://images.gmu.edu/luna/servlet/GMUDPSdps~23~23\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["\nThere are scripts from this collection and other FTP collections online in the  . "],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Essays, newsletters, published works, and miscellany, 1904-1950 (Boxes 1-2, 9)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Newspaper clippings, 1936-1986 (Box 2)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Photographs, circa 1930s-1940s (Boxes 2, 9)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Playscripts, 1920s-1953 (Boxes 2-6)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Programs, 1928-1950s (Boxes 6-7)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Scrapbooks, 1920s-1950s (Boxes 7-8)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series 1: Essays, newsletters, published works, and miscellany, 1904-1950 (Boxes 1-2, 9) Series 2: Newspaper clippings, 1936-1986 (Box 2) Series 3: Photographs, circa 1930s-1940s (Boxes 2, 9) Series 4: Playscripts, 1920s-1953 (Boxes 2-6) Series 5: Programs, 1928-1950s (Boxes 6-7) Series 6: Scrapbooks, 1920s-1950s (Boxes 7-8)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMolka Reich studied puppetry under Remo Bufano in New York during the 1920s. She and her husband moved to Miami, Florida, in 1930. While there, she joined the Federal Writers Project, and then the Federal Theatre Project. She started with the FTP as an actress but soon was working with the marionette unit where she made puppets, wrote and adapted scripts, and built sets. As an actress she appeared in the Federal Theatre production Engaged that was performed in August of 1936. She stayed with the Federal Theatre Project until 1939, after which she continued to be a proponent for puppetry. In Miami, she served as president of the Business and Professional Women's Club.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Molka Reich studied puppetry under Remo Bufano in New York during the 1920s. She and her husband moved to Miami, Florida, in 1930. While there, she joined the Federal Writers Project, and then the Federal Theatre Project. She started with the FTP as an actress but soon was working with the marionette unit where she made puppets, wrote and adapted scripts, and built sets. As an actress she appeared in the Federal Theatre production Engaged that was performed in August of 1936. She stayed with the Federal Theatre Project until 1939, after which she continued to be a proponent for puppetry. In Miami, she served as president of the Business and Professional Women's Club."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMolka Reich papers, C0229, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Molka Reich papers, C0229, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed in December 2012 by Greta Kuriger Suiter. EAD completed in January 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed in December 2012 by Greta Kuriger Suiter. EAD completed in January 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections and Archives also holds the \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Works Progress Administration oral histories collection\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/wpaoh.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Federal Theatre Project collection\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/ftp.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Federal Theatre Project photograph collection\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/ftpphoto.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, as well as numerous other personal papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections and Archives also holds the  , the  , the  , as well as numerous other personal papers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Molka Reich papers includes playscripts, programs, puppetry newsletters, newspaper clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks with most of it dating from the 1930s to the 1950s. About half of the material directly relates to the Federal Theatre project, especially the newspaper clippings, programs, and scrapbooks. Many of the puppetry newsletters and playscripts are from after the 1930s. Some of the material relates to the actor Scott Griffin who acted with the Federal Theatre Project in Miami, Florida, alongside Reich.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 contains many different types of materials including essays, puppetry newsletters, play synopses, published plays, vaudeville sketches, marionette patterns in various sizes, and original artwork by Ken Bare. Materials are arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 contains newspaper clippings from Miami, Florida, newspapers. Many of the newsclippings are reviews for plays that Molka Reich or Scott Griffin were involved in. This series is arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3 contains photographs both black and white and color and in a variety of sizes. Photographs consist of portraits of Molka Reich, and Scott Griffin, as well as production photographs, and photographs of a Jack and the Beanstalk marionette. This series is arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4 is the largest series and contains scripts for plays and some radio productions. Some of the scripts have accompanying music, mostly handwritten. This series is arranged alphabetically by title.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5 contains programs for Federal Theatre productions and non Federal Theatre productions that were performed in Miami and Jacksonville, Florida; Atlanta, Georgia; Long Island and Pawling, New York; and The Smithsonian in Washington D.C. This series is arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6 contains scrapbooks that have been disassembled and foldered. The Molka Reich scrapbook 1928-1948 contains mostly material relating to Scott Griffin. There is also a scrapbook for marionette newspaper and magazine clippings, a scrapbook with clippings and programs from productions in Miami, and a scrapbook containing calendar programs for the Starlight Theater in Pawling, New York. This series is arranged by size of material.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Molka Reich papers includes playscripts, programs, puppetry newsletters, newspaper clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks with most of it dating from the 1930s to the 1950s. About half of the material directly relates to the Federal Theatre project, especially the newspaper clippings, programs, and scrapbooks. Many of the puppetry newsletters and playscripts are from after the 1930s. Some of the material relates to the actor Scott Griffin who acted with the Federal Theatre Project in Miami, Florida, alongside Reich.","Series 1 contains many different types of materials including essays, puppetry newsletters, play synopses, published plays, vaudeville sketches, marionette patterns in various sizes, and original artwork by Ken Bare. Materials are arranged alphabetically.","Series 2 contains newspaper clippings from Miami, Florida, newspapers. Many of the newsclippings are reviews for plays that Molka Reich or Scott Griffin were involved in. This series is arranged alphabetically.","Series 3 contains photographs both black and white and color and in a variety of sizes. Photographs consist of portraits of Molka Reich, and Scott Griffin, as well as production photographs, and photographs of a Jack and the Beanstalk marionette. This series is arranged alphabetically.","Series 4 is the largest series and contains scripts for plays and some radio productions. Some of the scripts have accompanying music, mostly handwritten. This series is arranged alphabetically by title.","Series 5 contains programs for Federal Theatre productions and non Federal Theatre productions that were performed in Miami and Jacksonville, Florida; Atlanta, Georgia; Long Island and Pawling, New York; and The Smithsonian in Washington D.C. This series is arranged alphabetically.","Series 6 contains scrapbooks that have been disassembled and foldered. The Molka Reich scrapbook 1928-1948 contains mostly material relating to Scott Griffin. There is also a scrapbook for marionette newspaper and magazine clippings, a scrapbook with clippings and programs from productions in Miami, and a scrapbook containing calendar programs for the Starlight Theater in Pawling, New York. This series is arranged by size of material."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Molka Reich papers must be obtained from Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\n\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Molka Reich papers must be obtained from Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\n\n"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"ref297\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Molka Reich papers includes playscripts, programs, puppetry newsletters, newspaper clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks with most of it dating from the 1930s to the 1950s. About half of the material directly relates to the Federal Theatre Project, especially the newspaper clippings, programs, and scrapbooks. Many of the puppetry newsletters and playscripts are from after the 1930s. Some of the material relates to the actor Scott Griffin who acted with the Federal Theatre Project in Miami, Florida, alongside Reich.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Molka Reich papers includes playscripts, programs, puppetry newsletters, newspaper clippings, photographs, and scrapbooks with most of it dating from the 1930s to the 1950s. About half of the material directly relates to the Federal Theatre Project, especially the newspaper clippings, programs, and scrapbooks. Many of the puppetry newsletters and playscripts are from after the 1930s. Some of the material relates to the actor Scott Griffin who acted with the Federal Theatre Project in Miami, Florida, alongside Reich."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Reich, Molka"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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African American Organizations","Programs, classes, or By-laws from the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, Virginia State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs, National Association of Colored Women's Clubs, and the Southeastern Federation of Colored Women's Clubs","box 1","folder 13"],"title_filing_ssi":"Programs, classes, or By-laws from the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, Virginia State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs, National Association of Colored Women's Clubs, and the Southeastern Federation of Colored Women's Clubs","title_ssm":["Programs, classes, or By-laws from the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, Virginia State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs, National Association of Colored Women's Clubs, and the Southeastern Federation of Colored Women's Clubs"],"title_tesim":["Programs, classes, or By-laws from the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, Virginia State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs, National Association of Colored Women's Clubs, and the Southeastern Federation of Colored Women's Clubs"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1922-1961"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1922/1961"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Programs, classes, or By-laws from the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, Virginia State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs, National Association of Colored Women's Clubs, and the Southeastern Federation of Colored Women's Clubs"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Hugh Carr family papers and River View Farm"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":17,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research use."],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\":\"Programs, classes, or By-laws from the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, Virginia State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs, National Association of Colored Women's Clubs, and the Southeastern Federation of Colored Women's Clubs, 1922-1961\",\"href\":\"https://iiifman.lib.virginia.edu/pid/tsb:107451\"}"],"date_range_isim":[1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 13"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#0","timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:47:33.962Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1446","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1446","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1446","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1446","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1446.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/147972","title_filing_ssi":"Hugh Carr family and River View Farm ","title_ssm":["Hugh Carr family papers and River View Farm"],"title_tesim":["Hugh Carr family papers and River View Farm"],"unitdate_ssm":["1843-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1843-1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 10176","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1446"],"text":["MSS 10176","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1446","Hugh Carr family papers and River View Farm","Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 19th Century","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)","African American families","Dwellings -- Virginia -- Albemarle County.","The collection is open for research use.","During the Reconstruction period of Virginia history, Hugh Carr (1843-1914), who was formerly enslaved by Richard Wingfield, began the long process of purchasing various tracts of land that eventually made up the model farm along Ivy Creek known as \"River View\" in the Union Ridge Hydraulic Mills community.","He and his wife, Texie Mae Hawkins,(1865-1899) raised seven children at River View Farm: Mary Louise Carr Greer, (1884-1973), Fannie Carr Washington (1887-?), Peachie Carr Jackson (1889-1977), Emma Clorinda Carr (1892-1974), Virginia Carr Brown (1893-1935), Ann Hazel Carr (1895-?), and one son Marshall Hubert Carr (1886-1916).The farm continued to grow and by 1890 it was over 125 acres making Carr among the largest African American landowner in Albemarle County. ","\nAs Hugh Carr was deprived of any formal education, he placed an emphasis on education for his daughters and son, all of whom went to school. Many of his children earned college degrees, becoming teachers and community leaders. ","His oldest, Mary Louise Carr became principal of Albemarle Training School and was an influential educator in the local community. Later, she was honored for her commitment to education with the naming of Greer Elementary School after her. In 1916, Mary Carr married Conly Greer, the first African American extension agent for Albemarle County and the last family member to farm at Riverview Farm. After his death in 1957, Mary Carr Greer continued to live there but the land was rented to local farmers to farm. When she died in 1973, she left the estate to her only child, Evangeline Greer Jones, who in turn sold it.","Following its sale, the farm was slated to become one of Charlottesville's newest subdivisions with a projected 200 homes. Elizabeth Conant, a biology teacher at the University of Virginia, realized that the land was ideal for a nature preserve. She contacted the Nature Conservancy who bought the farm and held it until the City of Charlottesville and Albemarle County were able to buy the land. The Ivy Creek Foundation was incorporated on May 23, 1979, and the future management of the land lies with them. Paul Saunier, former University of Virginia administrator, was the first president of the Foundation.","The Ivy Creek Natural Area, which currently borders the South Rivanna Reservoir of the City of Charlottesville and consists of 215 acres of forest, field, and stream, was formed from several tracts of land. These include the original tract from the Mary Carr Greer Estate of eighty acres in 1975, a thirty-eight-acre tract from the City of Charlottesville in 1979, the James Fleming tract of eighty-acres in 1981, the Flamenco tract of sixteen acres in 1981, and four tenths of an acre from Bedford Moore in 1981. The Greer property was named the Rann Preserve when purchased by the Nature Conservancy and was renamed the Ivy Creek Natural Area. The organizers of the Ivy Creek Natural Area recognized the history of the Carr family and worked to save and preserve the land as well as the family documents that were found in the farmhouse. ","Sources: Ivy Creek Foundation, Accessed 1/27/2023 https://ivycreekfoundation.org/cultural-history ","Some items in this collection sustained damage from pests and/or mold prior to coming to the Library. Preservation staff has frozen and stabilized the items to prevent further damage from pests or mold and cleaned the items to facilitate handling.","This collection MSS 10176 is related to the Ivy Creek Natural Area MSS 10770, about the history of River View farm and Hugh Carr family which is now the Ivy Creek Natural Area. MSS 10770 is a deposit. It also contains the history of Ivy Creek Natural Area and how it was purchased by the local government to preserve the land and history.","This collection consists of the history of Hugh Carr, an African American born in enslavement in 1843 and his family who lived on a tract of land (River View Farm) that Carr and his wife Texie Mae Hawkins bought in 1870 after emancipation. He became one of the largest African American landowners in Albemarle County, where he raised several generations of his family in the Union Ridge Hydraulic Mills community, until his death in 1914.","The papers show that Carr highly valued education for his daughters as well as his son. His eldest daughter, Mary Louise Carr Greer became a well-known educator and principal of Albemarle Training School. Her family continued to live on the farm until 1978 when it became the Ivy Creek Natural Area with the support of the Nature Conservancy. ","There are documents, newspaper clippings, photographs pertaining to the history of this prominent African American family. ","Included is the original receipt for the purchase of land for the farm by Hugh Carr in 1870 in the amount of $100 and contracts for when Carr worked as a farm manager for Richard Wingfield and A. A. Southerland. ","There are legal and financial papers of Conly Greer (1883-1956) and correspondence of Mary Carr Greer and her husband, Conly Greer.  Included is a letter written for Hugh Carr giving Conly approval to marry his daughter. (Hugh Carr could not read and write but he would sign his name with an X). There is also correspondence of their daughter, Evangeline Greer Jones while courting her husband, Hinton C. Jones.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 10176","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1446"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Hugh Carr family papers and River View Farm"],"collection_title_tesim":["Hugh Carr family papers and River View Farm"],"collection_ssim":["Hugh Carr family papers and River View Farm"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 19th Century"],"geogname_ssim":["Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 19th Century"],"places_ssim":["Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 19th Century"],"acqinfo_ssim":["MSS 10176,The Hugh Carr family papers and River View Farm  was a gift from Evangeline Greer Jones to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library 25 October, 1976."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)","African American families","Dwellings -- Virginia -- Albemarle County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)","African American families","Dwellings -- Virginia -- Albemarle County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["1 Cubic Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1 Cubic Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDuring the Reconstruction period of Virginia history, Hugh Carr (1843-1914), who was formerly enslaved by Richard Wingfield, began the long process of purchasing various tracts of land that eventually made up the model farm along Ivy Creek known as \"River View\" in the Union Ridge Hydraulic Mills community.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe and his wife, Texie Mae Hawkins,(1865-1899) raised seven children at River View Farm: Mary Louise Carr Greer, (1884-1973), Fannie Carr Washington (1887-?), Peachie Carr Jackson (1889-1977), Emma Clorinda Carr (1892-1974), Virginia Carr Brown (1893-1935), Ann Hazel Carr (1895-?), and one son Marshall Hubert Carr (1886-1916).The farm continued to grow and by 1890 it was over 125 acres making Carr among the largest African American landowner in Albemarle County. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAs Hugh Carr was deprived of any formal education, he placed an emphasis on education for his daughters and son, all of whom went to school. Many of his children earned college degrees, becoming teachers and community leaders. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHis oldest, Mary Louise Carr became principal of Albemarle Training School and was an influential educator in the local community. Later, she was honored for her commitment to education with the naming of Greer Elementary School after her. In 1916, Mary Carr married Conly Greer, the first African American extension agent for Albemarle County and the last family member to farm at Riverview Farm. After his death in 1957, Mary Carr Greer continued to live there but the land was rented to local farmers to farm. When she died in 1973, she left the estate to her only child, Evangeline Greer Jones, who in turn sold it.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFollowing its sale, the farm was slated to become one of Charlottesville's newest subdivisions with a projected 200 homes. Elizabeth Conant, a biology teacher at the University of Virginia, realized that the land was ideal for a nature preserve. She contacted the Nature Conservancy who bought the farm and held it until the City of Charlottesville and Albemarle County were able to buy the land. The Ivy Creek Foundation was incorporated on May 23, 1979, and the future management of the land lies with them. Paul Saunier, former University of Virginia administrator, was the first president of the Foundation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Ivy Creek Natural Area, which currently borders the South Rivanna Reservoir of the City of Charlottesville and consists of 215 acres of forest, field, and stream, was formed from several tracts of land. These include the original tract from the Mary Carr Greer Estate of eighty acres in 1975, a thirty-eight-acre tract from the City of Charlottesville in 1979, the James Fleming tract of eighty-acres in 1981, the Flamenco tract of sixteen acres in 1981, and four tenths of an acre from Bedford Moore in 1981. The Greer property was named the Rann Preserve when purchased by the Nature Conservancy and was renamed the Ivy Creek Natural Area. The organizers of the Ivy Creek Natural Area recognized the history of the Carr family and worked to save and preserve the land as well as the family documents that were found in the farmhouse. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources: Ivy Creek Foundation, Accessed 1/27/2023 https://ivycreekfoundation.org/cultural-history \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["During the Reconstruction period of Virginia history, Hugh Carr (1843-1914), who was formerly enslaved by Richard Wingfield, began the long process of purchasing various tracts of land that eventually made up the model farm along Ivy Creek known as \"River View\" in the Union Ridge Hydraulic Mills community.","He and his wife, Texie Mae Hawkins,(1865-1899) raised seven children at River View Farm: Mary Louise Carr Greer, (1884-1973), Fannie Carr Washington (1887-?), Peachie Carr Jackson (1889-1977), Emma Clorinda Carr (1892-1974), Virginia Carr Brown (1893-1935), Ann Hazel Carr (1895-?), and one son Marshall Hubert Carr (1886-1916).The farm continued to grow and by 1890 it was over 125 acres making Carr among the largest African American landowner in Albemarle County. ","\nAs Hugh Carr was deprived of any formal education, he placed an emphasis on education for his daughters and son, all of whom went to school. Many of his children earned college degrees, becoming teachers and community leaders. ","His oldest, Mary Louise Carr became principal of Albemarle Training School and was an influential educator in the local community. Later, she was honored for her commitment to education with the naming of Greer Elementary School after her. In 1916, Mary Carr married Conly Greer, the first African American extension agent for Albemarle County and the last family member to farm at Riverview Farm. After his death in 1957, Mary Carr Greer continued to live there but the land was rented to local farmers to farm. When she died in 1973, she left the estate to her only child, Evangeline Greer Jones, who in turn sold it.","Following its sale, the farm was slated to become one of Charlottesville's newest subdivisions with a projected 200 homes. Elizabeth Conant, a biology teacher at the University of Virginia, realized that the land was ideal for a nature preserve. She contacted the Nature Conservancy who bought the farm and held it until the City of Charlottesville and Albemarle County were able to buy the land. The Ivy Creek Foundation was incorporated on May 23, 1979, and the future management of the land lies with them. Paul Saunier, former University of Virginia administrator, was the first president of the Foundation.","The Ivy Creek Natural Area, which currently borders the South Rivanna Reservoir of the City of Charlottesville and consists of 215 acres of forest, field, and stream, was formed from several tracts of land. These include the original tract from the Mary Carr Greer Estate of eighty acres in 1975, a thirty-eight-acre tract from the City of Charlottesville in 1979, the James Fleming tract of eighty-acres in 1981, the Flamenco tract of sixteen acres in 1981, and four tenths of an acre from Bedford Moore in 1981. The Greer property was named the Rann Preserve when purchased by the Nature Conservancy and was renamed the Ivy Creek Natural Area. The organizers of the Ivy Creek Natural Area recognized the history of the Carr family and worked to save and preserve the land as well as the family documents that were found in the farmhouse. ","Sources: Ivy Creek Foundation, Accessed 1/27/2023 https://ivycreekfoundation.org/cultural-history "],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome items in this collection sustained damage from pests and/or mold prior to coming to the Library. Preservation staff has frozen and stabilized the items to prevent further damage from pests or mold and cleaned the items to facilitate handling.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Conservation"],"odd_tesim":["Some items in this collection sustained damage from pests and/or mold prior to coming to the Library. Preservation staff has frozen and stabilized the items to prevent further damage from pests or mold and cleaned the items to facilitate handling."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 10176, Hugh Carr family papers and River View Farm, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 10176, Hugh Carr family papers and River View Farm, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection MSS 10176 is related to the Ivy Creek Natural Area MSS 10770, about the history of River View farm and Hugh Carr family which is now the Ivy Creek Natural Area. MSS 10770 is a deposit. It also contains the history of Ivy Creek Natural Area and how it was purchased by the local government to preserve the land and history.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["This collection MSS 10176 is related to the Ivy Creek Natural Area MSS 10770, about the history of River View farm and Hugh Carr family which is now the Ivy Creek Natural Area. MSS 10770 is a deposit. It also contains the history of Ivy Creek Natural Area and how it was purchased by the local government to preserve the land and history."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the history of Hugh Carr, an African American born in enslavement in 1843 and his family who lived on a tract of land (River View Farm) that Carr and his wife Texie Mae Hawkins bought in 1870 after emancipation. He became one of the largest African American landowners in Albemarle County, where he raised several generations of his family in the Union Ridge Hydraulic Mills community, until his death in 1914.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe papers show that Carr highly valued education for his daughters as well as his son. His eldest daughter, Mary Louise Carr Greer became a well-known educator and principal of Albemarle Training School. Her family continued to live on the farm until 1978 when it became the Ivy Creek Natural Area with the support of the Nature Conservancy. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are documents, newspaper clippings, photographs pertaining to the history of this prominent African American family. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncluded is the original receipt for the purchase of land for the farm by Hugh Carr in 1870 in the amount of $100 and contracts for when Carr worked as a farm manager for Richard Wingfield and A. A. Southerland. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are legal and financial papers of Conly Greer (1883-1956) and correspondence of Mary Carr Greer and her husband, Conly Greer.  Included is a letter written for Hugh Carr giving Conly approval to marry his daughter. (Hugh Carr could not read and write but he would sign his name with an X). There is also correspondence of their daughter, Evangeline Greer Jones while courting her husband, Hinton C. Jones.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the history of Hugh Carr, an African American born in enslavement in 1843 and his family who lived on a tract of land (River View Farm) that Carr and his wife Texie Mae Hawkins bought in 1870 after emancipation. He became one of the largest African American landowners in Albemarle County, where he raised several generations of his family in the Union Ridge Hydraulic Mills community, until his death in 1914.","The papers show that Carr highly valued education for his daughters as well as his son. His eldest daughter, Mary Louise Carr Greer became a well-known educator and principal of Albemarle Training School. Her family continued to live on the farm until 1978 when it became the Ivy Creek Natural Area with the support of the Nature Conservancy. ","There are documents, newspaper clippings, photographs pertaining to the history of this prominent African American family. ","Included is the original receipt for the purchase of land for the farm by Hugh Carr in 1870 in the amount of $100 and contracts for when Carr worked as a farm manager for Richard Wingfield and A. A. Southerland. ","There are legal and financial papers of Conly Greer (1883-1956) and correspondence of Mary Carr Greer and her husband, Conly Greer.  Included is a letter written for Hugh Carr giving Conly approval to marry his daughter. (Hugh Carr could not read and write but he would sign his name with an X). There is also correspondence of their daughter, Evangeline Greer Jones while courting her husband, Hinton C. Jones."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":29,"online_item_count_is":21,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:47:33.962Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1446_c04_c01"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1655","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Quinby, Teackle, and Upshur families of Somerset County, Maryland, and Accomack and Northampton Counties, Virginia Papers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1655#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe larger collection consists of the original materials and 7 additions including the most recent one represented in this finding aid. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1655#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1655","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1655","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1655","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1655","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1655.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196559","title_filing_ssi":"Quinby, Teackle, and Upshur families of Somerset County, Maryland, and Accomack and Northampton Counties, Virginia papers","title_ssm":["Quinby, Teackle, and Upshur families of Somerset County, Maryland, and Accomack and Northampton Counties, Virginia Papers"],"title_tesim":["Quinby, Teackle, and Upshur families of Somerset County, Maryland, and Accomack and Northampton Counties, Virginia Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1713-1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1713-1977"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 2338","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1655"],"text":["MSS 2338","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1655","Quinby, Teackle, and Upshur families of Somerset County, Maryland, and Accomack and Northampton Counties, Virginia Papers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia","Legal correspondence","letters (correspondence)","family papers","photographs","Good","This collection is open for research.","The overall collection is arranged sequentially in order by its different accretions, except the MSS 2871 material, which is interfiled among the first three. Accretions: MSS 2338, MSS 2338-a, MSS 2338-b, MSS 2871, MSS 2338-c, MSS 2338-d, MSS 2338-e, MSS 2338-f.","The most recent addition (ViU-2017-0179) that is represented in this finding aid is arranged chronologically.","Item level description for this addition ViU-2017-0179 was created so that digitized copies of the documents can be accessed.","The larger collection consists of the original materials and 7 additions including the most recent one represented in this finding aid. ","In this addition, ViU-2017-0179, are six  Elizabeth Upshur Teackle  letters with transcriptions. Five letters are written by Mrs. Teackle, and one is addressed to Mrs. Teackle from  William Wirt , esquire. In the letters Mrs. Teackle mainly discusses the hardships of her family after her husband, Mr. Teackle, was sent to prison in Baltimore, the circumstances surrounding his imprisonment and those responsible for it, and the actions and support of their family friends. She writes to two government officials making appeals on behalf of her husband for his release from prison. Mrs.Teackle also writes about the return home of her husband from prison and some of their experiences after his return, as well as her desire to see her family.","Addition ViU-2024-0134 has its own scope and content note and bio note. It contains a handwritten document listing enslaved people and 8 letters among family members particular the Teackle and Bancker family members.","The records for the rest of the collection can be found here:","MSS 2338, MSS 2338-a, MSS 2338-b, MSS 2871 -  Quinby ,  Teackle , and  Upshur  families of  Somerset County ,  Maryland , and  Accomack  and  Northampton  Counties,  Virginia  papers: \n https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u3928667","MSS 2338-c - Papers of the  Quinby Family : \n https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u3928668","MSS 2338-d -  Accomack County , Land Patent: \n https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u4367998","MSS 2338-e - Genealogy of the  Evans Family : \n https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u3927001","MSS 2338-f - Letter to  Mary Emma Justis Sturgis : \n https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u2674611 http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaead/published/uva-sc/vivadoc.pl?file=viu00995.xml","1825  and  1842  letters from  Henry Clay  to  Littleton Teackle  and  Aaron Quinby  (2 folders) interfiled in the Henry Clay Papers","An  1826 Mar 29  letter from  James Madison  to  Littleton Teakle  (1 folder) interfiled in the James Madison Papers.","This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Quinby","Teackle","Upshur","Quinby Family","Evans Family","Elizabeth Upshur Teackle","William Wirt","Mary Emma Justis Sturgis","Henry Clay","Littleton Teackle","Aaron Quinby","James Madison","Littleton Teakle","Teackle, John, 1756-1817","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 2338","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1655"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Quinby, Teackle, and Upshur families of Somerset County, Maryland, and Accomack and Northampton Counties, Virginia Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Quinby, Teackle, and Upshur families of Somerset County, Maryland, and Accomack and Northampton Counties, Virginia Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Quinby, Teackle, and Upshur families of Somerset County, Maryland, and Accomack and Northampton Counties, Virginia Papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- War of 1812"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- War of 1812"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- War of 1812"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift, 2017 August 19"],"access_subjects_ssim":["University of Virginia","Legal correspondence","letters (correspondence)","family papers","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University of Virginia","Legal correspondence","letters (correspondence)","family papers","photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good"],"extent_ssm":["4.44 Cubic Feet 7 legal-size document boxes, 17 legal-size folders, 1  legal size folder for addition ViU-2024-0134, 2 large oversize folders. Includes 2 legal-sized folders in the Henry Clay Papers (1825 \u0026 1842 letters from Clay to Littleton Teackle and Aaron Quinby); and 1 legal-sized folder in the James Madison Papers (1826 Mar 29 letter from Madison to Littleton Teackle)."],"extent_tesim":["4.44 Cubic Feet 7 legal-size document boxes, 17 legal-size folders, 1  legal size folder for addition ViU-2024-0134, 2 large oversize folders. Includes 2 legal-sized folders in the Henry Clay Papers (1825 \u0026 1842 letters from Clay to Littleton Teackle and Aaron Quinby); and 1 legal-sized folder in the James Madison Papers (1826 Mar 29 letter from Madison to Littleton Teackle)."],"genreform_ssim":["Legal correspondence","letters (correspondence)","family papers","photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe overall collection is arranged sequentially in order by its different accretions, except the MSS 2871 material, which is interfiled among the first three. Accretions: MSS 2338, MSS 2338-a, MSS 2338-b, MSS 2871, MSS 2338-c, MSS 2338-d, MSS 2338-e, MSS 2338-f.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe most recent addition (ViU-2017-0179) that is represented in this finding aid is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The overall collection is arranged sequentially in order by its different accretions, except the MSS 2871 material, which is interfiled among the first three. Accretions: MSS 2338, MSS 2338-a, MSS 2338-b, MSS 2871, MSS 2338-c, MSS 2338-d, MSS 2338-e, MSS 2338-f.","The most recent addition (ViU-2017-0179) that is represented in this finding aid is arranged chronologically."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref\u003ehttps://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u3928667\u003c/extref\u003e; \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref\u003ehttps://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u3928668\u003c/extref\u003e; \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref\u003ehttps://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u4367998\u003c/extref\u003e; \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref\u003ehttps://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u3927001\u003c/extref\u003e; \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref\u003ehttps://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u2674611\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aids"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u3928667 ; ","https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u3928668 ; ","https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u4367998 ; ","https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u3927001 ; ","https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u2674611"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 2338, Quinby, Teackle, and Upshur families of Somerset County, Maryland, and Accomack and Northampton Counties, Virginia papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 2338, Quinby, Teackle, and Upshur families of Somerset County, Maryland, and Accomack and Northampton Counties, Virginia papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eItem level description for this addition ViU-2017-0179 was created so that digitized copies of the documents can be accessed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Item level description for this addition ViU-2017-0179 was created so that digitized copies of the documents can be accessed."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe larger collection consists of the original materials and 7 additions including the most recent one represented in this finding aid. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn this addition, ViU-2017-0179, are six \u003cpersname\u003eElizabeth Upshur Teackle\u003c/persname\u003e letters with transcriptions. Five letters are written by Mrs. Teackle, and one is addressed to Mrs. Teackle from \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Wirt\u003c/persname\u003e, esquire. In the letters Mrs. Teackle mainly discusses the hardships of her family after her husband, Mr. Teackle, was sent to prison in Baltimore, the circumstances surrounding his imprisonment and those responsible for it, and the actions and support of their family friends. She writes to two government officials making appeals on behalf of her husband for his release from prison. Mrs.Teackle also writes about the return home of her husband from prison and some of their experiences after his return, as well as her desire to see her family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAddition ViU-2024-0134 has its own scope and content note and bio note. It contains a handwritten document listing enslaved people and 8 letters among family members particular the Teackle and Bancker family members.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe records for the rest of the collection can be found here:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMSS 2338, MSS 2338-a, MSS 2338-b, MSS 2871 - \u003cfamname\u003eQuinby\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eTeackle\u003c/famname\u003e, and \u003cfamname\u003eUpshur\u003c/famname\u003e families of \u003cgeogname\u003eSomerset County\u003c/geogname\u003e, \u003cgeogname\u003eMaryland\u003c/geogname\u003e, and \u003cgeogname\u003eAccomack\u003c/geogname\u003e and \u003cgeogname\u003eNorthampton\u003c/geogname\u003e Counties, \u003cgeogname\u003eVirginia\u003c/geogname\u003e papers: \n\u003cextref\u003ehttps://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u3928667\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMSS 2338-c - Papers of the \u003cfamname\u003eQuinby Family\u003c/famname\u003e: \n\u003cextref\u003ehttps://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u3928668\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMSS 2338-d - \u003cgeogname\u003eAccomack County\u003c/geogname\u003e, Land Patent: \n\u003cextref\u003ehttps://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u4367998\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMSS 2338-e - Genealogy of the \u003cfamname\u003eEvans Family\u003c/famname\u003e: \n\u003cextref\u003ehttps://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u3927001\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMSS 2338-f - Letter to \u003cpersname\u003eMary Emma Justis Sturgis\u003c/persname\u003e: \n\u003cextref\u003ehttps://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u2674611\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003cextref\u003ehttp://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaead/published/uva-sc/vivadoc.pl?file=viu00995.xml\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1825\u003c/date\u003e and \u003cdate\u003e1842\u003c/date\u003e letters from \u003cpersname\u003eHenry Clay\u003c/persname\u003e to \u003cpersname\u003eLittleton Teackle\u003c/persname\u003e and \u003cpersname\u003eAaron Quinby\u003c/persname\u003e (2 folders) interfiled in the Henry Clay Papers\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn \u003cdate\u003e1826 Mar 29\u003c/date\u003e letter from \u003cpersname\u003eJames Madison\u003c/persname\u003e to \u003cpersname\u003eLittleton Teakle\u003c/persname\u003e (1 folder) interfiled in the James Madison Papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The larger collection consists of the original materials and 7 additions including the most recent one represented in this finding aid. ","In this addition, ViU-2017-0179, are six  Elizabeth Upshur Teackle  letters with transcriptions. Five letters are written by Mrs. Teackle, and one is addressed to Mrs. Teackle from  William Wirt , esquire. In the letters Mrs. Teackle mainly discusses the hardships of her family after her husband, Mr. Teackle, was sent to prison in Baltimore, the circumstances surrounding his imprisonment and those responsible for it, and the actions and support of their family friends. She writes to two government officials making appeals on behalf of her husband for his release from prison. Mrs.Teackle also writes about the return home of her husband from prison and some of their experiences after his return, as well as her desire to see her family.","Addition ViU-2024-0134 has its own scope and content note and bio note. It contains a handwritten document listing enslaved people and 8 letters among family members particular the Teackle and Bancker family members.","The records for the rest of the collection can be found here:","MSS 2338, MSS 2338-a, MSS 2338-b, MSS 2871 -  Quinby ,  Teackle , and  Upshur  families of  Somerset County ,  Maryland , and  Accomack  and  Northampton  Counties,  Virginia  papers: \n https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u3928667","MSS 2338-c - Papers of the  Quinby Family : \n https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u3928668","MSS 2338-d -  Accomack County , Land Patent: \n https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u4367998","MSS 2338-e - Genealogy of the  Evans Family : \n https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u3927001","MSS 2338-f - Letter to  Mary Emma Justis Sturgis : \n https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u2674611 http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaead/published/uva-sc/vivadoc.pl?file=viu00995.xml","1825  and  1842  letters from  Henry Clay  to  Littleton Teackle  and  Aaron Quinby  (2 folders) interfiled in the Henry Clay Papers","An  1826 Mar 29  letter from  James Madison  to  Littleton Teakle  (1 folder) interfiled in the James Madison Papers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Quinby","Teackle","Upshur","Quinby Family","Evans Family","Elizabeth Upshur Teackle","William Wirt","Mary Emma Justis Sturgis","Henry Clay","Littleton Teackle","Aaron Quinby","James Madison","Littleton Teakle","Teackle, John, 1756-1817"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"famname_ssim":["Quinby","Teackle","Upshur","Quinby Family","Evans Family"],"persname_ssim":["Elizabeth Upshur Teackle","William Wirt","Mary Emma Justis Sturgis","Henry Clay","Littleton Teackle","Aaron Quinby","James Madison","Littleton Teakle","Teackle, John, 1756-1817"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":17,"online_item_count_is":6,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:50:51.517Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1655","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1655","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1655","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1655","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1655.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196559","title_filing_ssi":"Quinby, Teackle, and Upshur families of Somerset County, Maryland, and Accomack and Northampton Counties, Virginia papers","title_ssm":["Quinby, Teackle, and Upshur families of Somerset County, Maryland, and Accomack and Northampton Counties, Virginia Papers"],"title_tesim":["Quinby, Teackle, and Upshur families of Somerset County, Maryland, and Accomack and Northampton Counties, Virginia Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1713-1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1713-1977"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 2338","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1655"],"text":["MSS 2338","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1655","Quinby, Teackle, and Upshur families of Somerset County, Maryland, and Accomack and Northampton Counties, Virginia Papers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia","Legal correspondence","letters (correspondence)","family papers","photographs","Good","This collection is open for research.","The overall collection is arranged sequentially in order by its different accretions, except the MSS 2871 material, which is interfiled among the first three. Accretions: MSS 2338, MSS 2338-a, MSS 2338-b, MSS 2871, MSS 2338-c, MSS 2338-d, MSS 2338-e, MSS 2338-f.","The most recent addition (ViU-2017-0179) that is represented in this finding aid is arranged chronologically.","Item level description for this addition ViU-2017-0179 was created so that digitized copies of the documents can be accessed.","The larger collection consists of the original materials and 7 additions including the most recent one represented in this finding aid. ","In this addition, ViU-2017-0179, are six  Elizabeth Upshur Teackle  letters with transcriptions. Five letters are written by Mrs. Teackle, and one is addressed to Mrs. Teackle from  William Wirt , esquire. In the letters Mrs. Teackle mainly discusses the hardships of her family after her husband, Mr. Teackle, was sent to prison in Baltimore, the circumstances surrounding his imprisonment and those responsible for it, and the actions and support of their family friends. She writes to two government officials making appeals on behalf of her husband for his release from prison. Mrs.Teackle also writes about the return home of her husband from prison and some of their experiences after his return, as well as her desire to see her family.","Addition ViU-2024-0134 has its own scope and content note and bio note. It contains a handwritten document listing enslaved people and 8 letters among family members particular the Teackle and Bancker family members.","The records for the rest of the collection can be found here:","MSS 2338, MSS 2338-a, MSS 2338-b, MSS 2871 -  Quinby ,  Teackle , and  Upshur  families of  Somerset County ,  Maryland , and  Accomack  and  Northampton  Counties,  Virginia  papers: \n https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u3928667","MSS 2338-c - Papers of the  Quinby Family : \n https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u3928668","MSS 2338-d -  Accomack County , Land Patent: \n https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u4367998","MSS 2338-e - Genealogy of the  Evans Family : \n https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u3927001","MSS 2338-f - Letter to  Mary Emma Justis Sturgis : \n https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u2674611 http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaead/published/uva-sc/vivadoc.pl?file=viu00995.xml","1825  and  1842  letters from  Henry Clay  to  Littleton Teackle  and  Aaron Quinby  (2 folders) interfiled in the Henry Clay Papers","An  1826 Mar 29  letter from  James Madison  to  Littleton Teakle  (1 folder) interfiled in the James Madison Papers.","This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Quinby","Teackle","Upshur","Quinby Family","Evans Family","Elizabeth Upshur Teackle","William Wirt","Mary Emma Justis Sturgis","Henry Clay","Littleton Teackle","Aaron Quinby","James Madison","Littleton Teakle","Teackle, John, 1756-1817","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 2338","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1655"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Quinby, Teackle, and Upshur families of Somerset County, Maryland, and Accomack and Northampton Counties, Virginia Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Quinby, Teackle, and Upshur families of Somerset County, Maryland, and Accomack and Northampton Counties, Virginia Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Quinby, Teackle, and Upshur families of Somerset County, Maryland, and Accomack and Northampton Counties, Virginia Papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- War of 1812"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- War of 1812"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- War of 1812"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift, 2017 August 19"],"access_subjects_ssim":["University of Virginia","Legal correspondence","letters (correspondence)","family papers","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University of Virginia","Legal correspondence","letters (correspondence)","family papers","photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good"],"extent_ssm":["4.44 Cubic Feet 7 legal-size document boxes, 17 legal-size folders, 1  legal size folder for addition ViU-2024-0134, 2 large oversize folders. Includes 2 legal-sized folders in the Henry Clay Papers (1825 \u0026 1842 letters from Clay to Littleton Teackle and Aaron Quinby); and 1 legal-sized folder in the James Madison Papers (1826 Mar 29 letter from Madison to Littleton Teackle)."],"extent_tesim":["4.44 Cubic Feet 7 legal-size document boxes, 17 legal-size folders, 1  legal size folder for addition ViU-2024-0134, 2 large oversize folders. Includes 2 legal-sized folders in the Henry Clay Papers (1825 \u0026 1842 letters from Clay to Littleton Teackle and Aaron Quinby); and 1 legal-sized folder in the James Madison Papers (1826 Mar 29 letter from Madison to Littleton Teackle)."],"genreform_ssim":["Legal correspondence","letters (correspondence)","family papers","photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe overall collection is arranged sequentially in order by its different accretions, except the MSS 2871 material, which is interfiled among the first three. Accretions: MSS 2338, MSS 2338-a, MSS 2338-b, MSS 2871, MSS 2338-c, MSS 2338-d, MSS 2338-e, MSS 2338-f.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe most recent addition (ViU-2017-0179) that is represented in this finding aid is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The overall collection is arranged sequentially in order by its different accretions, except the MSS 2871 material, which is interfiled among the first three. Accretions: MSS 2338, MSS 2338-a, MSS 2338-b, MSS 2871, MSS 2338-c, MSS 2338-d, MSS 2338-e, MSS 2338-f.","The most recent addition (ViU-2017-0179) that is represented in this finding aid is arranged chronologically."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref\u003ehttps://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u3928667\u003c/extref\u003e; \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref\u003ehttps://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u3928668\u003c/extref\u003e; \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref\u003ehttps://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u4367998\u003c/extref\u003e; \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref\u003ehttps://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u3927001\u003c/extref\u003e; \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref\u003ehttps://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u2674611\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aids"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u3928667 ; ","https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u3928668 ; ","https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u4367998 ; ","https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u3927001 ; ","https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u2674611"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 2338, Quinby, Teackle, and Upshur families of Somerset County, Maryland, and Accomack and Northampton Counties, Virginia papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 2338, Quinby, Teackle, and Upshur families of Somerset County, Maryland, and Accomack and Northampton Counties, Virginia papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eItem level description for this addition ViU-2017-0179 was created so that digitized copies of the documents can be accessed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Item level description for this addition ViU-2017-0179 was created so that digitized copies of the documents can be accessed."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe larger collection consists of the original materials and 7 additions including the most recent one represented in this finding aid. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn this addition, ViU-2017-0179, are six \u003cpersname\u003eElizabeth Upshur Teackle\u003c/persname\u003e letters with transcriptions. Five letters are written by Mrs. Teackle, and one is addressed to Mrs. Teackle from \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Wirt\u003c/persname\u003e, esquire. In the letters Mrs. Teackle mainly discusses the hardships of her family after her husband, Mr. Teackle, was sent to prison in Baltimore, the circumstances surrounding his imprisonment and those responsible for it, and the actions and support of their family friends. She writes to two government officials making appeals on behalf of her husband for his release from prison. Mrs.Teackle also writes about the return home of her husband from prison and some of their experiences after his return, as well as her desire to see her family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAddition ViU-2024-0134 has its own scope and content note and bio note. It contains a handwritten document listing enslaved people and 8 letters among family members particular the Teackle and Bancker family members.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe records for the rest of the collection can be found here:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMSS 2338, MSS 2338-a, MSS 2338-b, MSS 2871 - \u003cfamname\u003eQuinby\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eTeackle\u003c/famname\u003e, and \u003cfamname\u003eUpshur\u003c/famname\u003e families of \u003cgeogname\u003eSomerset County\u003c/geogname\u003e, \u003cgeogname\u003eMaryland\u003c/geogname\u003e, and \u003cgeogname\u003eAccomack\u003c/geogname\u003e and \u003cgeogname\u003eNorthampton\u003c/geogname\u003e Counties, \u003cgeogname\u003eVirginia\u003c/geogname\u003e papers: \n\u003cextref\u003ehttps://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u3928667\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMSS 2338-c - Papers of the \u003cfamname\u003eQuinby Family\u003c/famname\u003e: \n\u003cextref\u003ehttps://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u3928668\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMSS 2338-d - \u003cgeogname\u003eAccomack County\u003c/geogname\u003e, Land Patent: \n\u003cextref\u003ehttps://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u4367998\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMSS 2338-e - Genealogy of the \u003cfamname\u003eEvans Family\u003c/famname\u003e: \n\u003cextref\u003ehttps://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u3927001\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMSS 2338-f - Letter to \u003cpersname\u003eMary Emma Justis Sturgis\u003c/persname\u003e: \n\u003cextref\u003ehttps://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u2674611\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003cextref\u003ehttp://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaead/published/uva-sc/vivadoc.pl?file=viu00995.xml\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1825\u003c/date\u003e and \u003cdate\u003e1842\u003c/date\u003e letters from \u003cpersname\u003eHenry Clay\u003c/persname\u003e to \u003cpersname\u003eLittleton Teackle\u003c/persname\u003e and \u003cpersname\u003eAaron Quinby\u003c/persname\u003e (2 folders) interfiled in the Henry Clay Papers\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn \u003cdate\u003e1826 Mar 29\u003c/date\u003e letter from \u003cpersname\u003eJames Madison\u003c/persname\u003e to \u003cpersname\u003eLittleton Teakle\u003c/persname\u003e (1 folder) interfiled in the James Madison Papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The larger collection consists of the original materials and 7 additions including the most recent one represented in this finding aid. ","In this addition, ViU-2017-0179, are six  Elizabeth Upshur Teackle  letters with transcriptions. Five letters are written by Mrs. Teackle, and one is addressed to Mrs. Teackle from  William Wirt , esquire. In the letters Mrs. Teackle mainly discusses the hardships of her family after her husband, Mr. Teackle, was sent to prison in Baltimore, the circumstances surrounding his imprisonment and those responsible for it, and the actions and support of their family friends. She writes to two government officials making appeals on behalf of her husband for his release from prison. Mrs.Teackle also writes about the return home of her husband from prison and some of their experiences after his return, as well as her desire to see her family.","Addition ViU-2024-0134 has its own scope and content note and bio note. It contains a handwritten document listing enslaved people and 8 letters among family members particular the Teackle and Bancker family members.","The records for the rest of the collection can be found here:","MSS 2338, MSS 2338-a, MSS 2338-b, MSS 2871 -  Quinby ,  Teackle , and  Upshur  families of  Somerset County ,  Maryland , and  Accomack  and  Northampton  Counties,  Virginia  papers: \n https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u3928667","MSS 2338-c - Papers of the  Quinby Family : \n https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u3928668","MSS 2338-d -  Accomack County , Land Patent: \n https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u4367998","MSS 2338-e - Genealogy of the  Evans Family : \n https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u3927001","MSS 2338-f - Letter to  Mary Emma Justis Sturgis : \n https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u2674611 http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaead/published/uva-sc/vivadoc.pl?file=viu00995.xml","1825  and  1842  letters from  Henry Clay  to  Littleton Teackle  and  Aaron Quinby  (2 folders) interfiled in the Henry Clay Papers","An  1826 Mar 29  letter from  James Madison  to  Littleton Teakle  (1 folder) interfiled in the James Madison Papers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Quinby","Teackle","Upshur","Quinby Family","Evans Family","Elizabeth Upshur Teackle","William Wirt","Mary Emma Justis Sturgis","Henry Clay","Littleton Teackle","Aaron Quinby","James Madison","Littleton Teakle","Teackle, John, 1756-1817"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"famname_ssim":["Quinby","Teackle","Upshur","Quinby Family","Evans Family"],"persname_ssim":["Elizabeth Upshur Teackle","William Wirt","Mary Emma Justis Sturgis","Henry Clay","Littleton Teackle","Aaron Quinby","James Madison","Littleton Teakle","Teackle, John, 1756-1817"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":17,"online_item_count_is":6,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:50:51.517Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1655"}},{"id":"vifgm_chesse_c01","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Ralph Chesse papers","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_chesse_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_chesse_c01","ref_ssm":["vifgm_chesse_c01"],"id":"vifgm_chesse_c01","ead_ssi":"vifgm_chesse","_root_":"vifgm_chesse","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_chesse","parent_ssi":"vifgm_chesse","parent_ssim":["vifgm_chesse"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_chesse"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Ralph Chesse papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Ralph Chesse papers"],"text":["Ralph Chesse papers","Ralph Chesse papers"],"title_filing_ssi":"Ralph Chesse papers","title_ssm":["Ralph Chesse papers"],"title_tesim":["Ralph Chesse papers"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1935-1975"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1935/1975"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ralph Chesse papers"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Ralph Chesse papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"child_component_count_isi":45,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":1,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Ralph Chesse papers must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:52:17.185Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_chesse","ead_ssi":"vifgm_chesse","_root_":"vifgm_chesse","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_chesse","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/chesse.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://scrc.gmu.edu/finding_aids/chesse.html","title_ssm":["Ralph Chesse papers"],"title_tesim":["Ralph Chesse papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1935-1975"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1935-1975"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0224"],"text":["C0224","Ralph Chesse papers","New Deal, 1933-1939.","Puppet theater.","Theater--United States.","There are no access restrictions.","Digitized photographs from this collection can be found in the \n                 .","Organized alphabetically by title. Oversize materials are separated physically but integrated intellectually in this finding aid.","Ralph Chesse was born in New Orleans, Louisiana on January 6, 1900. He attended schools in New Orleans and Chicago including the Chicago Art Institute, but was primarily a self-taught painter. In 1924 he traveled to San Francisco where he met the puppeteer Blanding Sloan. It was after this meeting that Chesse began working as a puppeteer. In 1929 he opened his first puppet theatre, The Marionette Guild on Merchant Street. In 1934 Chesse was selected, with a mural design titled \"Playground,\" as one of 26 artists by the Works Progress Administration to paint a wall fresco inside of Coit Tower. During this same year The Marionette Guild had to close due to lack of funds.","Chesse joined the Federal Theatre project in 1936 as Director of the Puppetry Unit. There he oversaw a crew of 17 people. Their first production was The Crock of Gold in 1936. Other early productions included The Mikado, Alice in Wonderland, A Marionette Variety Show, and Emperor Jones.","The Federal Theatre Project was a division of the Works Progress Administration (WPA), which provided employment for large numbers of artists, writers, and performers during the Great Depression (1929-1939). The Federal Theatre began in 1935 and, until its end in 1939, flourished as the first and only federally sponsored and subsidized theater program in the United States. Directed by Hallie Flanagan (1880-1969), it was a way for theatrical professionals to gain employment during the Depression. Jobs were provided for many people, including actors, playwrights, scene designers, scene builders, seamstresses, lighting experts, ushers, box-office men, and stagehands.","In 1937 Chesse moved to Los Angeles to take over as State Director for California. This was a larger unit employing 50 people. He remained in Los Angeles until 1939 though was still in communication with activities in San Francisco. In Los Angeles productions included Rip Van Winkle, Snow White and the Seven Dwarves, and a Variety Show. On June 30th 1939 the puppetry unit received notice that the Federal Theatre Project had been terminated. Also in 1939 Chesse brought marionettes to the World's Fair held in San Francisco.","After work finished with the FTP Chesse moved his family back to San Francisco and had a long and successful career that included various jobs. At different points in his life Chesse made a living by teaching puppetry for adult education classes at San Francisco State College, producing a children's television program called The Wonderful World of Brother Buzz, making puppets for TV, theatre, and opera, and acting in plays and films. In 1984 he moved to Ashland, Oregon where he was an avid painter up until his death in 1991. He died of heart failure.","Processed and EAD completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2012.","The Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers.","The Chesse papers contain materials such as photographs, watercolor set and costume design sketches, playscripts, and programs relating to Federal Theatre Project marionette productions in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Some of these plays are Child of God, Crock of Gold, The Emperor Jones, Hansel and Gretel, Marionette Varieties, Rip Van Winkle, The Tempest, and Twelfth Night. The papers also include magazine articles from the 1970s that highlight Chesse's mural painting at the Coit Tower in San Francisco.","There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Ralph Chesse papers must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.","The Chesse papers contain materials such as photographs, watercolor set and costume design sketches, playscripts, and programs relating to Federal Theatre Project marionette productions in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Some of these plays are Child of God, Crock of Gold, The Emperor Jones, Hansel and Gretel, Marionette Varieties, Rip Van Winkle, The Tempest, and Twelfth Night. The papers also include magazine articles from the 1970s that highlight Chesse's mural painting at the Coit Tower in San Francisco.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Federal Theatre Project (Los Angeles, Calif.)","Federal Theatre Project (San Francisco, Calif.)","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Chesse, Ralph\n","Chesse, Ralph.","English\n\t\t"],"unitid_tesim":["C0224"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ralph Chesse papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ralph Chesse papers"],"collection_ssim":["Ralph Chesse papers"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Chesse, Ralph\n"],"creator_ssim":["Chesse, Ralph\n"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Chesse, Ralph\n"],"creators_ssim":["Chesse, Ralph\n"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Ralph Chesse papers must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated to Special Collections Research Center by Ralph Chesse on July 8, 1977; July 24, 1980; May 18, 1981."],"access_subjects_ssim":["New Deal, 1933-1939.","Puppet theater.","Theater--United States."],"access_subjects_ssm":["New Deal, 1933-1939.","Puppet theater.","Theater--United States."],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["1.25 linear feet (1.5 boxes, 1 flat box)"],"extent_tesim":["1.25 linear feet (1.5 boxes, 1 flat box)"],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigitized photographs from this collection can be found in the \n                \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" show=\"new\" title=\"Federal Theatre Project collection\" href=\"http://images.gmu.edu/luna/servlet/GMUDPSdps~23~23\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Digitized photographs from this collection can be found in the \n                 ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized alphabetically by title. Oversize materials are separated physically but integrated intellectually in this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized alphabetically by title. Oversize materials are separated physically but integrated intellectually in this finding aid."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRalph Chesse was born in New Orleans, Louisiana on January 6, 1900. He attended schools in New Orleans and Chicago including the Chicago Art Institute, but was primarily a self-taught painter. In 1924 he traveled to San Francisco where he met the puppeteer Blanding Sloan. It was after this meeting that Chesse began working as a puppeteer. In 1929 he opened his first puppet theatre, The Marionette Guild on Merchant Street. In 1934 Chesse was selected, with a mural design titled \"Playground,\" as one of 26 artists by the Works Progress Administration to paint a wall fresco inside of Coit Tower. During this same year The Marionette Guild had to close due to lack of funds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChesse joined the Federal Theatre project in 1936 as Director of the Puppetry Unit. There he oversaw a crew of 17 people. Their first production was The Crock of Gold in 1936. Other early productions included The Mikado, Alice in Wonderland, A Marionette Variety Show, and Emperor Jones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Federal Theatre Project was a division of the Works Progress Administration (WPA), which provided employment for large numbers of artists, writers, and performers during the Great Depression (1929-1939). The Federal Theatre began in 1935 and, until its end in 1939, flourished as the first and only federally sponsored and subsidized theater program in the United States. Directed by Hallie Flanagan (1880-1969), it was a way for theatrical professionals to gain employment during the Depression. Jobs were provided for many people, including actors, playwrights, scene designers, scene builders, seamstresses, lighting experts, ushers, box-office men, and stagehands.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1937 Chesse moved to Los Angeles to take over as State Director for California. This was a larger unit employing 50 people. He remained in Los Angeles until 1939 though was still in communication with activities in San Francisco. In Los Angeles productions included Rip Van Winkle, Snow White and the Seven Dwarves, and a Variety Show. On June 30th 1939 the puppetry unit received notice that the Federal Theatre Project had been terminated. Also in 1939 Chesse brought marionettes to the World's Fair held in San Francisco.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter work finished with the FTP Chesse moved his family back to San Francisco and had a long and successful career that included various jobs. At different points in his life Chesse made a living by teaching puppetry for adult education classes at San Francisco State College, producing a children's television program called The Wonderful World of Brother Buzz, making puppets for TV, theatre, and opera, and acting in plays and films. In 1984 he moved to Ashland, Oregon where he was an avid painter up until his death in 1991. He died of heart failure.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ralph Chesse was born in New Orleans, Louisiana on January 6, 1900. He attended schools in New Orleans and Chicago including the Chicago Art Institute, but was primarily a self-taught painter. In 1924 he traveled to San Francisco where he met the puppeteer Blanding Sloan. It was after this meeting that Chesse began working as a puppeteer. In 1929 he opened his first puppet theatre, The Marionette Guild on Merchant Street. In 1934 Chesse was selected, with a mural design titled \"Playground,\" as one of 26 artists by the Works Progress Administration to paint a wall fresco inside of Coit Tower. During this same year The Marionette Guild had to close due to lack of funds.","Chesse joined the Federal Theatre project in 1936 as Director of the Puppetry Unit. There he oversaw a crew of 17 people. Their first production was The Crock of Gold in 1936. Other early productions included The Mikado, Alice in Wonderland, A Marionette Variety Show, and Emperor Jones.","The Federal Theatre Project was a division of the Works Progress Administration (WPA), which provided employment for large numbers of artists, writers, and performers during the Great Depression (1929-1939). The Federal Theatre began in 1935 and, until its end in 1939, flourished as the first and only federally sponsored and subsidized theater program in the United States. Directed by Hallie Flanagan (1880-1969), it was a way for theatrical professionals to gain employment during the Depression. Jobs were provided for many people, including actors, playwrights, scene designers, scene builders, seamstresses, lighting experts, ushers, box-office men, and stagehands.","In 1937 Chesse moved to Los Angeles to take over as State Director for California. This was a larger unit employing 50 people. He remained in Los Angeles until 1939 though was still in communication with activities in San Francisco. In Los Angeles productions included Rip Van Winkle, Snow White and the Seven Dwarves, and a Variety Show. On June 30th 1939 the puppetry unit received notice that the Federal Theatre Project had been terminated. Also in 1939 Chesse brought marionettes to the World's Fair held in San Francisco.","After work finished with the FTP Chesse moved his family back to San Francisco and had a long and successful career that included various jobs. At different points in his life Chesse made a living by teaching puppetry for adult education classes at San Francisco State College, producing a children's television program called The Wonderful World of Brother Buzz, making puppets for TV, theatre, and opera, and acting in plays and films. In 1984 he moved to Ashland, Oregon where he was an avid painter up until his death in 1991. He died of heart failure."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRalph Chesse papers, C0224, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Ralph Chesse papers, C0224, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed and EAD completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2012.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed and EAD completed by Greta Kuriger Suiter in September 2012."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Works Progress Administration oral histories collection, the Federal Theatre Project collection, the Federal Theatre Project photograph collection, as well as numerous other personal papers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Chesse papers contain materials such as photographs, watercolor set and costume design sketches, playscripts, and programs relating to Federal Theatre Project marionette productions in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Some of these plays are Child of God, Crock of Gold, The Emperor Jones, Hansel and Gretel, Marionette Varieties, Rip Van Winkle, The Tempest, and Twelfth Night. The papers also include magazine articles from the 1970s that highlight Chesse's mural painting at the Coit Tower in San Francisco.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Chesse papers contain materials such as photographs, watercolor set and costume design sketches, playscripts, and programs relating to Federal Theatre Project marionette productions in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Some of these plays are Child of God, Crock of Gold, The Emperor Jones, Hansel and Gretel, Marionette Varieties, Rip Van Winkle, The Tempest, and Twelfth Night. The papers also include magazine articles from the 1970s that highlight Chesse's mural painting at the Coit Tower in San Francisco."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Ralph Chesse papers must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Ralph Chesse papers must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"ref53\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Chesse papers contain materials such as photographs, watercolor set and costume design sketches, playscripts, and programs relating to Federal Theatre Project marionette productions in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Some of these plays are Child of God, Crock of Gold, The Emperor Jones, Hansel and Gretel, Marionette Varieties, Rip Van Winkle, The Tempest, and Twelfth Night. The papers also include magazine articles from the 1970s that highlight Chesse's mural painting at the Coit Tower in San Francisco.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Chesse papers contain materials such as photographs, watercolor set and costume design sketches, playscripts, and programs relating to Federal Theatre Project marionette productions in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Some of these plays are Child of God, Crock of Gold, The Emperor Jones, Hansel and Gretel, Marionette Varieties, Rip Van Winkle, The Tempest, and Twelfth Night. The papers also include magazine articles from the 1970s that highlight Chesse's mural painting at the Coit Tower in San Francisco."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Federal Theatre Project (Los Angeles, Calif.)","Federal Theatre Project (San Francisco, Calif.)","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)","Chesse, Ralph\n","Chesse, Ralph."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Federal Theatre Project (Los Angeles, Calif.)","Federal Theatre Project (San Francisco, Calif.)","Federal Theatre Project (U.S.)"],"persname_ssim":["Chesse, Ralph\n","Chesse, Ralph."],"language_ssim":["English\n\t\t"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":48,"online_item_count_is":4,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:52:17.185Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_chesse_c01"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"George Mason University","value":"George Mason University","hits":9},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1950\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Longwood University","value":"Longwood University","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1950\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Longwood+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","value":"The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1950\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=The+George+Washington+Presidential+Library+at+Mount+Vernon"}},{"attributes":{"label":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","value":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","hits":34},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1950\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","value":"Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1950\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Museum+of+Fine+Arts"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1950"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"American Rhododendron Society Records","value":"American Rhododendron Society Records","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=American+Rhododendron+Society+Records\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1950"}},{"attributes":{"label":"André Kertész photographs","value":"André Kertész photographs","hits":4},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Andr%C3%A9+Kert%C3%A9sz+photographs\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1950"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Annual Reports (PB-02)","value":"Annual Reports (PB-02)","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Annual+Reports+%28PB-02%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1950"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Arnold Sundgaard papers","value":"Arnold Sundgaard papers","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Arnold+Sundgaard+papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1950"}},{"attributes":{"label":"C. 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